The Daily Worker Newspaper, August 18, 1925, Page 4

-_— ~ ————————————— “NO ARBITRATION UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES;” DEMAND PA. MINERS OF FAKER JOHN L. LEW?S PLAINS, Pa., August 16.—Vigorous objection to any, treachery in an eleventh hour surrender of Lewis has been made in advance. by the miners of Local 1483 of the U. M. W. of A. In-a letter addressed officially by the local to John L.. Lewis at Atlantic City, the miners state their sentiments as follows: , “John L. Lewis, “Hotel Ambassador, | Workers. “Atlantic City, N. J. “Experience with President ., Wil- “Dear Sir and Brother: Local Union| 80n's ‘impartial arbitration’ project in 1483, United Mine Workers of Amer-| 1920 have taught the anthracite mine ica, in regular meeting assembled| Workers a bitter lesson about ‘im- with 800 members present unanimous-| Partial arbitrators,’ a lesson which ly went on record against arbitration | Prompts the membership of Local 1483 and conciliation in any and every form| to instruct me to write you on the to settle the wage dispute of the an, |auestion, thracite mine workers, and at this} “It also was unanimously. decided time state very plainly to their scale|t© go on record against the proposi- committee that, even as a last re-|tion of continuing work, after Septem- course, to accept arbitration would be| ber 1, in case no. settlement is imously adopts the resolution of Pine Gove, District 9, local, circularized to the anthracite membership relative | to this. 4 “Fraternally Secretary.” 9 : lat Kohey, yours, ieee Uncle Sam; Shylock, Forecloses Debt on “Suffering Belgium” (Special to The Daily Worker) WASHINGTON, Aug. 16—The nego- | tiations over the funding of Belgium's | $430,000,000 ar debt were resumed at the treasury today, with the Bel- | gian and American commissions hold- | ing separate meetings prior to a joint | conference later. | At this joint conference, it is under- | stood, the Belgian envo will report | their government's decision as to ac: | ceptance or rejection of the American proposal cabled to Brussels yesterday. | BRYAN SOLD TO REAL ESTAT FOR $1 NEW YORK, August 16.—(FP)— William Jennings Bryan made over $250,000 in the last fewlmonths of his life, believes E.d. geambright of Tampa, Fla., who headed the- democratic convention delegation from Florida last year, Bryan was reputed worth a million last spring but wrote Lambright then that his ny fortune was less than half that amount. His estate is shown to be $860,000. Lambright believes Bryan made most of this in Florida real estate and states that Bryanjuséd his “sil- ver tongue” at $100 a day for Coral Gables, Florida, a real estate ven- ture. There Is Many/ilii (- is 4 Grip Between the | eo as Teeth he Lip | NEW YORK, Aug, 16—Charlie Chap- \ lin, famous film eémedian is: srecover- ing today from blood poisoning which threatened for a time to cause his | death, according to a report buzzing | along Broadway despite the statement of Dr, James McKenzie, one of Chap- lin’s attending physicians, that his patient was suffering from a heart attack brought on by overwork. Char- lie was bitten on the lip by a Follies chorus girl. At the Ritz-Carlton hotel where the comedian has shut himself off from friends and interviewers, his secretary insisted Chaplin was recuperating from a “cold.” The secretary did not deny the bloodpoisoning rumor, referring all in- (FP)—On his third ap court for speeding, Bus Driver Everett C. Fish of Roxbury told the judge: “Your honor, 1 was driving ‘fast be- cause the boss made me. ‘he line advertises a certain time from Boston to New York and it gave me the choice of.making the time or gétting fired. “Three times now I've been pinched for speeding that bus. After being Summoned this time, I refused to main- tain the rate of speed they demanded and I drove into New York the next day two and a half hours late, and was fired on the spot. I have a wife and three kids and I’m out of a job now. Who's to blame?” — Jail Break in Oregon. ‘SALEM, Ore., Aug. 16—Three pris- oners were at large early today and two prison guards and a prisoner were dead as a result of a sensational jail 'GARPENTERS IN detrimental to the anthractie mine'reached. Local 1483 fully and unan- Bryan sold his home Villa Build the DAILY WORKER. | Serena for $200,000 profit formation as to Chaplin's condition to Dr. McKenzie. ‘break at the Oregon state prison here. RUSSIA TODAY Ic Continued from Saturday's Daily Worker ) Hospitals The former Russian town hospital establishments, al- though of the most up-to-date character, were hopelessly inade- quate to meet the requirements even of the town populations, whereas in the rural districts hardly any accommodation at all existed. Very extensive measures had, therefore, immediately to be taken to cope with the situation. Large country houses, which had been taken over by the peasants, were requisitioned, and by the end of 1922, 641,965 beds had been equipped by the Com- missariat of Health. Owing, however, to the shortage of doc- tors, and lack of medical supplies, little more than beds and seg- regation could be provided for the patients. Most of the avail- able supplies were devoted to the 150,000 beds which were set apart for children. By means of segregation alone, however, great strides were made during the next 18 months, and in May, 1924, the position had already almost returned to the pre-war normal. Typhus Still existed, but in June of that year there were only 1,640 pa- tients under treatment, typhoid patients had been reduced to 1,100, and only 634 smallpox cases were reported. Influenza and malaria are, however, still a serious scourge; in May, 1924, Ng patients were under some form of treatment for ma- aria. With the return to more normal conditions, the Commissa: riat of Health has been able to reorganize the old establish- ments and such new ones as had been hastily arranged to meet the period of epidemic. These establishments have now been equipped and placed in five different categories: Hospitals, dispensaries for out-pa- tients, sanatoria, rest homes, and maternity homes. The following statistics will give some idea of the recon- Struction work that has taken place during the last two years:— Town and Districts Hospitals Dispensaries Beds Moscow Town . ++ 62 136 13,000 Province 100 160 4,000 Province 300 530 20,000 Leningrad . 50 65 10,000 Proyince 130 160 13,000 Kursk. ..... . 40 10 500 * The total figures for Soviet Russia, as compared with the same area administered by Tsarist Russia in 1913 are as fol- lows :— : 1913 1924 ® Population . ..s.eeseseees eeee 87,100,000 76,000,000 Hospitals . 4,769 3,937 Beds . oi cscvccsccccccccsoses 136,117 198,471 The above figures do not include the medical and sanitary arrangements for the railways and waterways. These are served by a special organization and a separate department of the State. 2 During the revolutionary period the various Trade Unions, factories and other undertakings had organized their own medi- cal services. Under the New Economic Policy these have now all been taken over by the Commissariat of Health, The rail- Ways and waterways are, however, in a somewhat different po- sition to other undertakings, and their medical organizations, which constitute a separate department of the Commissariat of Health, still retain a certain measure of autonomy. « The 40,000 miles of communications are now divided into 170 sections on the railways and 120 sections on the waterways. Each section is controlled by a special medical staff consisting of a doctor, assistant, and inspector, and two or three sanitary gangs according to the length of the section. Each divisional doctor is responsible for the sanitary conditions of the whole of his section, not only as regards the railway itself, but also its personnel and the passengers travelling over the section. In the event of infectious disease breaking out in any section he has certain definite powers to deal with the transport of pas- sengers from infected to clean ‘areas. In 1912 the railways and waterways of Russia were equip- with 143 hospitals and 5,725 beds. These have now been creased to 297 hospitals with 18,000 beds. . Health Resorts and Rest Houses The former health resorts in the Caucasus, on the Black Sea littoral, and the Crimea, have now been organized as free sanatoria for the workers; last year these dealt with over 700,- 000 patients. An entirely new feature’ in Russia is the numerous large country houses which have been converted into rest houses for the workers. These establishments are neither hospitals nor sanatoria, although they are under the supervision of a medical staff, A worker who is suffering from fatigue, or is run down in general health, by application to his Trade Union is sent to one of these establishments free of charge. The rest houses have a considerable acreage of ground attached to. them where games are organized, The prevailing feature of these estab- lishments, which are supported by the Trade Unions, is the organized social life and the general comfort and ease of the surroundings. Welfare Work Special mention must be made of the Baby and Mother- hood Welfare Department of the Commissariat of Health. This Department has been in operation for the last two years and has already had very far-reaching effect in the industrial areas. In 1922 special laws were incorporated in the Civil Code dealing with the welfare of the mother and child. According to the law illlegitimacy no longer exists, and the same benefits aecrue to the mother with a child born out of wedlock as to the mother whose marriage has been registered The law establishes that any woman about to become a mother shall be free from all work for a certain period before 4 t - UNION Thru Courtesy of the International Pub- lishers | Co. * a. and after the birth of her child. This varies from eight weeks to six weeks before and after the birth, according to the nature of the woman’s work. During this same period she reccives full wages and a special allowance regarding food ‘for nine. mouths after the birth, if she is herself feeding the child. On her return to work she is allowed half an hour in every three and a half hours to attend to and feed the child. No working mother is allowed by law to leave any child under the age of seven years at home or with neighbors while she is at work. The children have to be left at the recognized creche of the factory or institution for which she works. On arrival there the child is washed and clothed in ereche overalls. ‘The younger children are amused with organized games on the Montessori system, and rest on beds for a specified time each morning and afternoon. The elder chlidren are prepared for the kindergarten. It is the duty of the Child Welfare Committee to see that these regulations are being carried out. The Baby and Motherhood Welfare Department has made full use of the Committees of Social Welfare which, were built up during the Revolution by the Trade Unions for the purpose of organizing the social side of the workers’ lives. » ++ These Committees are elected by the workers of each fac- tory or industrial area and, under the auspices of the Commis- sariat of Health, ngw elect from their midst comp: tent mem- bers ‘who constitute an administrative committee or bureau, whose sole purpose is to organize and administer the baby and motherhood welfare of the institution or group of workers they represent. This administrative bureau may appoint or engag officers, inspectors, and staff, and is responsible to the Depart- ment of Baby and Motherhood Welfare for the administration of creches, lying-in hospitals, and benefits to mothers accord- ing to the law and special regulations laid down by the Com- missariat of Health. Further, the Committees organize lectures and public meet- ings on all subjects dealing with hygiene ofthe méther and fure issued by the Department.” 1298 aise tae Comme prov ince to see that each mother is attended by a certified midwife or doctor. The Committee reports to the Department of Baby and Motherhood Welfare, and elects its representative to at- tend the yearly conference held in Moscow. tte Under the auspices of these Sanitary and Healtii Commis- sions it is hoped eventually to penetrate all the towns and vil- lages. Every child up to the age of 3 years and every,expectant mother comes directly under the Baby and Motherhood Welfare Department .of the Commissariat of Health. At therage of 3 the child’s welfare is passed on to the Commissariat for Educa- tion, under whose authority are all kindergartens ae schools. Other institutions established lately under the ren and Baby Welfare Schemes are:— pri 1. Juvenile receiving stations, which are opem:day and night for the purpose of receiving children found homeless or straying. They remain at these stations until homes’gre found forthem. There are at present over 200 such stations scattered all over the country. ~ Re 4 2. Psychological observation stations for studying chil- dren with mental and moral peculiarities. There are now 65 stich stations, where over 6,000 children are under observation. 3.. These observation stations work in conjunction with 375 special commissions, composed of a doctor, a teacher, a lawyer, which are now established all over Russia. 4. Special institutes for training inspectors are now being established, and there are already in operation. 275 institutions for mentally and morally defective children, ** Village Welfare and Sanitation The organization in the industrial areas appears to be very complete and efficient, but the rural and agricultural districts still leave a great deal of work to be done. Considerable propa- ganda work is, however, being accomplished; attractive posters and pictures may be-seen in all the clubs, public buildings, and railway ‘stations, and much free literature dealing with this subject has been distributed among the peasants. The agricul- tural districts of the Ukraine appear to be much better equipped than any other part of rural Russia. Mi Difficulties met with in perfecting any sanitary and health organizations in.the rural and agricultural districts"are consid- erable. Lack of funds, trained doctors, nurses and teachers, has been a,serious difficulty. A central institution has, there- fore, been established in Moscow, which pro special courses of one year for doctors who have received their ordina- ry degree, a course of two and a half years for midwives, and a special course for nurses, all of whom receive practieal instruc- tions in the institute. * - The most serious difficulty, however, in many rural dis- triets is the attitude of the peasants themselves. Ay measure of cleanliness or hygiene is resisted to the utm capacity. Much political capital has been made out of this re: nce, and certain. riots which have lately taken place in the ages have been attributed to political causes, whereas in reality they were the results of the activities of the Sanitary Commission. There are certain deep-rooted traditions among the peasants almost impossible to eradicate. One is an affection which they lavish on certain household pests known in this country ag “bugs.” It is considered unlucky to be without them, A peasant when changing house or going on a journey must take a few in his bag or disaster may befall him. Many students have sought the origin of this curious superstition, and the general conclusion is that in the minds of the primitive tribes these little cragtures repre- sented the spirits of departed ancestors and relattves. _ In August of last year a Special Sanitary Corfimission dis- covered in Siberian isolated and self-supporting tribe nearly 600 miles from any.habitation. These people hag never used water for any other purpose than to drink. Neithr their bod- ies, their clot their eating utensils were ever Wi! } THE-OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE BRITISH TRADE DELEGATION TO SOVIET RUSSIA Copyright in the United States by the International Publishers Co,* All Rights Reserved, Copyright by the Trades Union Congress General Council in Great Britain. Force had to be used to wash them. Unfortunately the first man who was bathed died either from fright or suggestion, and considerable trouble arose. The discovery of this tribe has cre- ated considerable interest in ethnological circles in Russia, as it is considered to be the first instance on record of a tribe existing in such complete isolation and unable to realize the use of wa- ter. It serves, however, to illustrate the vastness of the Russian Empire and the difficulties met with in the remoter districts. , It is very noticeable that even the most backward and con- servative peasants will take advice on all subjects from mem- bers of their own elected committees in a. manner which they would never have taken it from a doctor or official of the old Government. . Birth Control . The question of birth control is being seriously considered by the Gommissariat of Health, and a special commission has been set up for this purpose. The movement is at present con- fined to instruction and advice given by competent authorities who act through the Baby and Motherhood Welfare organiza- tions. The workers and peasants are advised to restrict their families within the limits of reason. They are told it is better to bring up three or four healthy children at reasonable inter- vals which will enable the mother to retain her health and de- vote herself to the upbringing of each child, than to leave the begetting of the family to their natural instincts. State birth control was at one time seriously considered. The theory being that in’a country which is neither imperialist nor capitalist huge standing armies are no longer necessary; while on the other hand the population of workers and peasants should be regulated in proportion to the requirements of the growth of industry and the economic situation of the country. Abortion * i _Abortion, practiced by unauthorized persons, which was 9 is illegal under the severest pee ge ei noe wert formulated, and still stands, whereby ‘a woman can procure abortion by an authorized per- son in a State hospital, if she is able to give to the medical board satisfactory evidence why she should not have a child. Among the necessary reasons are, her incapacity to bring up the child, the probability of her health or working capacity suffering, or that the period of motherhood would interfere with some public work on which she is engaged. , This, however, has been found to be open to many abuses and likely to injure permanently the health of the woman. Oth- er methods, known to the medical profession are now being considered, and it seems probable that the law will be changed in the near. future. Cleanliness + The Autonomous Federated Republics have been brought into line on the question of Public Health by the organization of regional Health Congresses and the yearly Health Congress at Moscow, to which all Delegates travel free to the place of meet- ing, are lodged and receive their food and entertainment at the- atres and public places without any payment. As may be easi- ly understood, these periodical gatherings of the various organi- zations all over Russia are a great incentive to the people to enter into the spirit of co-operation with the system. To the most casual observer who has any knowledge of Russia before the Revolution public places and railway stations are considerably cleaner. The former litter of cigarette ends and the husks of sunflower seeds which the people chew have disappeared entirely. Obscene pictures and finger marks no longer disfigure the walls. It is now possible, though not al- ways agreeable, to enter a public lavatory. Much of this change is due to fines and strict police supervision. Through all streets in the large towns and public places are receptacles for cigarette |’ ends and waste paper. There are rigid restrictions against smoking in the corridors of theatres.and public buildings. At times the search for the smoking-room becomes very irksome. Over 800 Delegates sat through the Trades Union Congress without any apparent desire to smoke, and the white walls, which had not been decorated for two years, still remain spot- lessly clean. The most curious instance of this care of public Property is, however, to be seen in the workers’ rest houses mentioned above. These are usually the former country seats of the wealthy. In most cases they have been redecorated, the walls being distempered white or in some light color, and the woodwork, in all cases where paint existed, is enameled in white. The furniture in the living rooms (pictures, hangings and carpets, etc.) is usually that left by the former occupants. These rooms often contain Louis XV furniture, with gilded legs and satin covers. The Delegation entered many such hous- es, which had not been decorated for three years; Hardly a mark had appeared on the walls and the white enameled doors, and there was hardly a chip off the gold-legged chairs. The authorities state that the effect of these rest houses and their luxurious fittings is much greater than any form of propaganda and legislation. A worker pr a, peasant after a month’s holiday in these surroundings returns to his own home armed with a duster and pots of paint, which he utilizes in his spare time by cleaning and decorating his own quarters. Housing : e Housing in Moscow and in many large towns |, Russia pre- sents very serious and peculiar difficulties. During the first period of the Revolution, when private property was confiscat- ed, a general re-shuffle of quarters took place. Little or no sys- tem was followed in the forcible requisition of blocks of resi¥ ' dential flats. A natural tendency of the industrial workers was to seize any ‘building in the vicinity of their place of work. The non-industrial class was thus. forced to find accommodation how and where it'could. (To be continued in next issue.) iS DETROIT TAKE Bully Started Fight; Others Ended It (Special to The Daily Worker) DETROIT, Mich., Aug, 16.—On Aug. 8, Jack Welsh, then president of Local Union 19 of the Brotherhood of Car- penters and Joiners of America, stated. that any members who had not signed Hutcheson’s “yellow dog pledge” by August 10 would be thrown out of the meeting. Welsh has been feeding on dirt from the hands of executive board member Potts, General Organizer Bot- terill, and their local flunkey Shar- rock so long that few considered his remarks seriously. ‘ Last night at the meeting of Local 19, Welsh seemed to have forgotten. his threats, or thought better of them, and all was brotherly love until Presi- dent Varden, another yellow tool, re- fused to accept a motion to refuse to pay a bill for six months per capita tax to a district council which Hutche- son put out of business just about that long ago. After some discussion, one brother who loses patience quickly with these quibbling flunkeys, knocked. Altho the president had already chang- ed his mind about the motion, another of Hutcheson’s curs by the name of Marks struck a young militant by name of Zekit with a gavel, and then things started. Everyone in reach took a swing or a kick at Marks (many did not care to dirty their hands) and whining like the cur he is, he ran from the meeting and did not return, Welsh, who made so much noise last week, sat af a table writing intently and did not even look up to see the fate of his fellow worm, a very wise tho cowardly policy. The Second Lesson. This is the second time a president of Local 19 has ne ‘a fistie mas- sage before he could “see” a motion which had a bearing on this struggle between the rank and file and these union wreckers attempting to carry our Hutcheson’s czaristic policy, In the discussion following the meeting, some oldtimers remarked that the only way to peace and unity in this district is to take Botterill and Potts to the station and give them a farewell party, and to put Sharrock and Fish on one of the many scab jobs in Detroit until they learn some- thing of the problem of men carry- ing tools in Detroit. Others remarked that if Hutcheson were any man at all, he would bring his big carcass to Detroit to stop some of the blows his stupidity brings down on his stupid dupes. Being cunning as well as cowardly and stupid, he stays clear of the broils his feeble belligerency engenders. He is as yellow as the fat saps whom he keeps on the pay- roll of the union. GERMANS TRYING TO MAKE DAWES PLAN SAVE. THEM But If They Do, Other Nations Are Ruined WASHINGTON, Aug. 16.—In Ger- many’s battle to re-establish her basis for barter with other nations, Germany will drop her prohibitive duties against foreign goods provided na- tions with whom she bargains grants a similar concession to German goods. The United States, alone of the im- portant capitalist nations, has nego- tiated permanent commercial treaty relations with Germany, the treaty embracing a most favored nation clause. Germany is now launching a diplo- matic campaign for the negotiation of treaties with the most important coun- tries of the western hemisphere, Europe and the far east. “ By these negotiations Germany hopes to tear down the barriers against her products and to obtain for German made goods sufficiently favor- able treatment that they will suffer no disadvantage in competition with the output of other nations. Germany has to get this concession or fail. to carry out the Dawes plan. This is her trump card. / Officials explained that the United States will reap the benefit of any preferential treatment given to other nations by Germany. This advantage lies in the treatment accorded Ameri can exports to Germany. Contradiction to Cause Unemploy 5 ment. The United States is obligated to give to German goods as favorable treatment as that extended to prod- ucts of other importing nations, How- ever, if German goods, made by driven slaves of the Dawes plan, do come in. it means widespread unemployment there. ’ In spite of the “most favored nation” agreements, many nations find clever methods of discriminating against American, made products in favor of those of other European countries, Both the tariff commission and agents of the state and treasury de- partments have studiod these diserim- inations, but so far nom 1s of meet- ing the situation has been brot for. ward. SWATS AT FAKER. the president gently from his platform ,