The Daily Worker Newspaper, June 9, 1925, Page 6

Page Six . . THE DAILY WORKER THE DAILY WORKER Published by the DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING CO. 1113. W, Washington Bivd., Chicago, Ill. Phone Monroe 4712 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By mail (in Chicago only): By mail (outside of Chicago): $8.00 per year $4.50 six months | $6.00 per year $3.50 six months $2.50 three months $2.00 three months Address all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W. Washington Bivd., Chicago, Illinois J. LOUIS ENG WILLIAM F, DUNN: MORITZ J. LOEB.. Editors Business Manager Entered as second-class mail September 21, 1923, at the post-office at Chi- cago, Il, under the act of March 3, 1879. Adv vertising rates on application. ” China’ s Warning Unity among the Chinese factions is the result of the bloody attacks on students and strikers by foreign troops, and this indica- tion of national solidarity is thé most encouraging feature of the whole situation. Every imperialist power tries to have at least one tuchun on its payroll and most of the internicene strife in China has been brought about by the intrigues of the foreign governments masked by some factional leader, bribed to betray his people. Dispatches report strong protests made to the embassies by both Feng Yu Hsiang and Chang Tso Lin; and each of these leaders has an army of considerable size. Feng is called the “christian gen- eral,” but his sympathies of late seem to have been with the Soviet ‘Russian policy of uniting the Chinese nation rather than with the American interests who operate under the cover of christian mis- sions. Chang Tso Lin is, or has been, under Japanese influence with France as a secOndary backer. That these two military leaders join in a formal protest in support of the students and strikers in Shang- hai is indicative of the new spirit, first evident in the revolution of 1911, in the ascendant during the world war, temporarily halted by the treachery of American diplomacy, but. rising steadily since the Russian revolution—a feeling of pride in China and Chinese achieve- ments and resentment translating itself into action against foreign interference in internal affairs. In the south Yunanese troops, under French influenct, are about to begin hostilities against the supporters of the nationalist libera- tion movement led by the Kuo Min Tang. The correspondents of the capitalist press are practically unanimous in admitting that the tools of French imperialism are in for a fine cleaning which means that South China is following the instructions of Sun Yat Sen and waging a disciplined struggle for freedom. The Soviet press always speaks authoritatively on Chinese affairs. After pionting out that American imperialism cannot afford to fight the battles of Japan in China, it remarks that the present upheaval in China is a purely nationalist moyement caused by im- perialist aggression and gives cold comfort to the capitalist world with the information that the real revolution will come after the robber nations have been forced to withdraw from China.. As for the, Japanese rulers they are confronted now with the choice of abandoning their policy of force and establishing one of agreement with China and Russia. Making their textile barons and other exploiters submit to Chinese law or finding themselves in conflict with both nations, their own growing labor movement and the imperialist nations of the west. The strike and boycott movement spreading like wildfire over China and in which all but the biggest ‘merchants and landlords are joining, together with the growing tendency toward national mili- tary solidarity, are forcing Japan to a decision. As for Americans and American missionaries and business in- terests they must get out of China. They will, once the American working class demands and enforces the withdrawal of all troops and warships. . A Squelching Reply The war against Soviet Russia in England is not confined to the capitalist class. A few British labor leaders and intellectual prosti- tutes claiming to be socialists never miss an opportunity to take a shot_at the workers’ and peasants’ government. But most of the responsible British labor leaders are friends of the Soviet Union, and one of the most sturdy and militant of those is A. J. Cook, secretary of the powerful miners’ federation. Recently the secretary of the Social Democratic Federation is- sued a statement on affairs in Russia. The statement was distributed among the trade unions and other labor bodies. It~was expected to prove an antidote to the report of the British Trade Union Dele- gation, which won such wide unpopularity among the capitalist class. Angered by the action of the socialist stoolpigeons of the capi- talist class, A. J. Cook wrote a scorching letter to hte secretary of the Social Democratic Federation. He says in part: “I note that you seem to be delighted with the capitalist press of this country to use every stick possible to attack Soviet Russia. Surely there are plenty of wrongs té right in this country without concentrating your time and energy by attacking the Workers’ Gov- ernment in Russia. I am sure it would be of far greater interest to the working class movement of Great Britain if’ the Social Demo- cratic Federation would concentrate its own energies upon seeking to relieve the terrible conditions existing here, and would help for- ward the forming of organizations which would get rid of capital- ism.” The Social Democratic Federation has lost all interest in free- ing the working classfrom wage: slavery. It feels more at home pimping for capitalism. The Riffian Victory / Reading between the lines of a Paris dispatch on the hostilities in Morocco it is not difficult to come to the conclusion that the French forces have suffered a severe defeat at the hands of the Riffians. The French government refuses to publish a casualty list but in the usual fashion attributes all the losses to their opponents. That the Riffians are making progress there can be no doubt. It is also obvious that the French losses are very heavy, else there would be no purpose served in keeping them hidden. It appears that the Riffans have found themselves strong enuf to take the offensive and have launched an attack on the French posi- tions with the object of capturing Fez, Even French bulletins admit that the,Moroccans have gained” ground, tho the claim is made that the French have recovered the lost positions. With a shaky government at home, a financial crisis, and com- plications with Britain, Germany and the United States, France is condition to liquidate her trouble in/ Morocco and seized a golden moment to rid elt rte of the Mere perme’ to them, ‘bosses, The | Enslavement of China ARTICLE I. MERICAN, British, French, Italian and Japanese warships have sail- ed into Chinese ports, landed armed forces and have killed workers and students for making peaceful mass protest against foreign robbers. China, a nation of 443,000,000 peo- ple, with a civilization antedating that of the west by 2000 years, ap- parently has no rights that the im- perialist nations are bound to respect. By the capitalist press of the world this state of affairs is accepted as normal, How has it come about? By wha: processes of diplomacy, investment, trickery and force has China been forced into the position of a colony with not one, but a host, of rulers? The relations of China with other nations became critical enough to at- tract world attention in the early 80's when the aggressive policy of Japan, having as its chief objective the seizure of Korea, forced other imper- jalist powers to consider carefully their future course towards China. UT long before then, in the late 30’s and culminating in the “opi- um war” which ended with the treaty of 1842 and the establishment of Kong Kong as a British port, Great Britain had been putting pressure upon the Chinese nation. France also had ambitions in China and had been designated by the Vati- can as the protector of catholic mis- sionaries in the Far East. Between opium, a British source of revenue and the missionaries, a French field of enterprise, China led a miserable existence. Any resentment of the in- terference of the missionaries and the opium peddlers with the internal affairs of China brought French and British gunboats and reprisals. N 1883-84 war broke out between France and China, provoked by the constant and growing arrogance of the missionaries, encouraged by the French who wanted a pretext to grab some territory and establish a — manent base in eastern Asia. This war ended by China ceding Annam and Tongking to France. In the meantime Russia had been pushing into China from Turkestan and Manchuria, threatening’ her from the north and northwest. The United States adopted a “friend- ly” attitude towards China but this did not prevent her, Great Britain, from persuading Korea | to sign a separate treaty and thus indirectly strengthen the drive Japan | was making.to wrest Korea’ from China. 'N 1882 China sent Yuan Shi Kai with a force of 3,000 men to Korea to check Japanese aggression. The re- lations with Japan grew more strain- ed while Russia, also with her eyes on Korea, became more arrogant to- wards both oriental nations. In 1894 Japan declared war on China, defeated her and took her (Continued from page 1.) in a determined effort to regain con- trol of the city council. In order to accomplish this end thousands of dol- lars are being spent in all the labor wards. They are concentrating all of their efforts onthe aldermanic fights be- cause they already have the mayor— both Leach and Elwell represent the financial interests of this city so it does not matter to the bosses which one is elected. If this “open shop” crowd is success- ful next Monday, they will use their control of the city government against the workers. A renewed effort will be made to reduce wages in all indus- tries. Hours of labor will be léngthen- ed and working conditions will be worsened. If the workers strike against these attacks the city police force un- der the control of the mayor, backed up by an “open shop” city council, will be used to drive you back into the shops under the terms ofsthe boss. Defeat the “Open Shop” This gang must be defeated in this election and the only way they can be defeated is by all workers’ organiza- tions uniting behind the SOCIALIST- LABOR aldermanic candidates for re- election. Your class interests in this election demand that you vote for the follow- ing socialist-labor aldermanic candi- dates in each of the wards listed: First Ward, Richard Dunleavy; Third Ward, G. T. Lindsten; Sixth Ward, John Peterson; Ninth Ward, A. B. Voelker; Tenth Ward, George Guider; Eleventh Ward, Louis Beneke; and the Twelfth Ward—Theodore Jenson, In urging you to work and vote for these candidates, the Workers Party does so merely because they are the lessor of two evils, During the two years that these have been in office they have not fought for your needs as representatives of labor should, They have played petty politics with the ‘reactionary city officials when they should have been out in the open exposing them. When the Citizens Alliance started their attack against the workers with the intention of destroying your unions, reducing your wages, lengthening hours and worsen- ing working conditions, these labor councilmen should@)have used their time and energy to,rally the workers pfhck against the for a counter They should have aided in preserving amd building the trade A iin together with | Minneapolis Communists Urge Unity selves. other’s throat, one power can be trusted leisure. sary but admirable. i} | | war. | navy. China was foreed: to surrender unconditionally and accept terms that were a confession of utter helpless- ness. China, by the terms: of the treaty recognized “Definitely.the full and complete independence and autonomy of Korea.” This was the occasion for almost delirious rejoicing on the part |of the early advocates of self-determ- ination the world over but Japan bound herself to nothing in this con- |nection and proceeded, to make the most of her new : igeanassiaane in Korea. 7 N addition to abandoning her sover- eignty of Korea, Clilfia was forced to pay an indemnity “6f $200,000,000, cede the Island of Formosa and the Peninsular of Liaotung. Liaotung is in the extreme southern point of Man- churia, which we hayeyalready seen union movement. Instead of doing this the socialist-labor aldermen have been and now are concerned only with holding their job. The problems of the workers are not going to be solved merely by elect- ing a few individuals to office. And individuals elected to office are not going to fight your battles unless you have strong economic and political organizations that will force them to recognize your needs. The reasons that the present socialist-labor group have not fought for you is because they are not under the control of any labor organization. Build the Labor Party. The most urgent problem confront- ing the working class of this city and nation at the present time is that of organization. The thousands of unorganized work- ers must be brought into the trade unions, these unions must be united into powerful industrial unions and a fight on the basis of the class strug- gle must be waged to regain the wages, hours and working conditions that have been lost during the “open shop” fight. Until-sueh time as the workers organize their forces and fight back, their conditions will con- tinue to get worse, fr One of the most “powerful weapons used by the capitali is the political power of the state ich expresses it- se]f by the use of the police, the mili- tia and the courts in almost every struggle against thé workers. In order to overepime this, the work- ers must organize a labor party that will unite all laber organizations, economic and political,” for the con- quest of political power. This power when obtained must be used to better and protect the conditions of the work- ers and their interests only. The Workers (Communist) Party pledges itself to the task of uniting in such a party, DEFEAT THE BOSSES! VOTE AND WORK FOR THE SO- CIALIST-LABOR CANDIDATES FOR RE-ELECTION! JOIN THE TRADE UNION OF YOUR TRADE! ‘lL AMALGAMATE THE CRAFT UNIONS INTO INDUSTRIAL UN- JONS! BUILD THE LABOR PARTY! JOIN THE W RS (COMMUN- 1ST) PARTY AID IN THE FIGHT TO REALIZE THE ABOVE PROGRAM! “OPEN SHOP” Introduction to “The Enslavement of China” EVENTS of world importance are taking place in China— events that may mark the beginning of another world struggle like that which ostensibly began with the murder of an Austrian grand duke at Sarajevo in 1914. If a world war grows out of the murder of Chinese strikers and students by troops of the imperialist nations it will be because these nations have pursued for years a cer- tain line of policy having as its object the subjection of the Chinese people and the partition of China among them- Today they unite to crush aAhe Chinese indepen- dence movement but tomorrow they may be at one an- The following articles make no pretense to originality. . They contain information compiled from a dozen different sources, a number of which are referred to in the text, and are intended only to give in as concise a form as possible a history of the long series of unscrupulous intrigues by which the imperialist nations have entrenched themselves in Chinese territory and sown the seeds of another world was a section coveted by Russia, and diplomatic basis for the penetration of Just as the‘Balkans are the key to the Near East and no with control of these puppet states and a constant struggle for supremacy goes on there, fomented by the imperialist nations, so do the im- perialist nations seek to divide China and rob her at their ‘he Chinese liberation movement, the New China whose foundations were laid by the life-time labors of Sun Yat Sen and his party, the Kuo Ming Tang, is trying to unite the Chinese people to rule themselves. this spells the defeat of imperialism in the Far East. HE jackals are snarling and snapping at the Chinese dragon and because the success of the Chinese libera- tion movement means unity with Soviet Russia—an anti- imperialist bloc from the border of Poland to the Pacific Ocean and the resultant weakening of the power of im- perialism all over the world, workingclass, we workers should know something of the process thru which millions of white workers have been made to believe that the armed occupation of China, the breaking of strikes and the murder of workers and peas- ants by soldiers of a half-dozen nations is not only neces- If successful with all this means to the the acquisition of this peninsular, containing the strong fortress of Port Arthur, was a blow at Russia as well as China. Russia now appears as the friend of China, and backed by France, and Germany, both aroused by the suc- cess of Japan, demanded that Lioa- tung be given back to Ching: What. these three powers said was cottched in plain terms compared with the usual amiguity of diplomatic eommu- nications: Such territorial acquisition ‘eenetle tutes a menace against the capital of China, renders Korea’s independ- ence merely nominal, and jeopard- ized the perpetual peace in the Far East. eneug 2 was Li Hung Chang who engineer- ed the interference of Russia in the guise of a friend and thus laid the poe aS SRE EREDAR A ae SAAN an vee a IY EE SA Sentero neo is oe ae ene my China by Russia which followed. Speaking of a conversation he had with John W. Foster, an American diplomat who sided with Li Hung Chang in the Sino-Japanese negotia- tions, H. H. Morge says: (“The Inter- national Relation’ of the Chinese Em- pire,” Vol. 3, Page 47) Mr. Foster declares that he first heard of the de- mand during his stay in Peking. April 24 to May 2, and that “Li Hung Chang waited anxiously for some indication from Russia, but none was received by him until we reached Tientsin on our return.” This disposes of any possibility of any direct assurance having been given; but none the less, the viceroy (Li Hung Chang) must have had a reasonable expectatién that the action would be taken. OHN W. FOSTER had this to say of the incident which was the first direct step towards the Russo-Japan- ese war that ended i disastrously tr Russia: | have reason to belleve that the demand for territory on the main+ land of China was contrary to the better judgement of Marquis ito... In my conversations with Count Mutsu, | told him that | was satis- fied Russia would not permit Japan to occupy the mainland so threaten- ingly close to Peking, and that it was not good policy to insist upon it. (‘Diplomatic Memoirs,” Vol. 2, Page 153.) Japan by her” victory over China, the acquisition of the Chinese navy and Formosa, giving her a strategic position from which to dominate the province of Fukien, had also secured a foothold of major importance on the Chinese mainland by which she could harass and check the advance of Rus- sia, her most dangerous rival at the time, altho in 1897 under the pressure of Russia, France and Germany she relinquished Liaotung—only to seize it again in 1905. APAN had become a world power. There were other consequences of the war and the peace. The necessity of finding funds for the huge indem- nity provided for in the peace terms forced China to turn to western cap- italists for loans. France and Russia loaned her $80,- 000,000. British and German finan- ciers loaned her $160,000,000. The British government played its usual role of guardian of British investors and took the customs duties collected at sea ports as security with the fur- ther provision an Englishman should be collector of customs as long as British trade was the largest coming thru Chinese ports. The immediate result of this provi- sion was to make it a first order of business for Japan to overtake and pass Great Britain in the race for Chinese markets and thus deprive Great Britain of the favored position which her grip on the Chinese re- venues gave her. THESE loans were the beginning of a policy whigh made China de- By Wm. F. Dunne pendent almost entirely upon foreign finance—a policy that enslaves the Chinese people to this day. Russia, as the rival to Japan in the north, and because of her supposedly friendly intentions in China, succeed- ed in securing by treaty the lease of Port Arthur and Dairen—the best for- tifled base on the Chinese coast. In other words, Russia secured the very territory that she had forced Japan to let go of. All the great powers had, since the time China had been forced to pawn herself to western bankers, worked unceasingly for just. such strategic bases as Russia had secured, Germany was the initiator of this policy and in 1897, when two German catholic missionaries were killed, she not only collected the usual punitive indemnity but brought pressure to bear on the Chinese government to cede Kiaochow for a period of 99 years. Included in the lease was the port of Tsingtao which Germany began to develop and fortify. ere was not idle. On May 27, 1898, she secured a lease of the harbor of Kwangtung, on the southern coast of the province of Canton, for 99 years. The astute Britons, egged on by jealousy of the Russian success and envy of France, increased the pres- suré on China and on July 1 of the same year leased Weihaiwei, Shan- as Port Arthur shall remain in the occupation of Russia.” (China, Capt- ive or Free,” Page 7—Gilbert Reid.) The acuteness of the imperialist ri- valries resulting in these onslaughts on China’s territorial integrity are best shown by this last move of Great Britain. The port of Weihaiwei is opposite Port Arthur, on the opposite side of the Pehchili Gulf and also op- posite to Tsingtao on the Shantung peninsula. Great Britain thus served notice on both Germany and Russia that she was in China to stay, to protect to the utmost her great financial inter- ests and her favored position as the collector of Chinese customs reve- nues. ‘ HINA was being rapidly cut up into sections dominated by some one great power. The ceding of these fortified bases, with the control of the adjacent seacoagt which they gave, marked the culmination of an- other policy of imperialism, that of locating socalled “spheres of influ- ence” of which we hear much these days but which was first brought to the attention of China by France after the war of 1883-84, The beginning of the “spheres of influence” policy or as it was first called, the sphere of “interest,” tége- ther with its affect on the Chinese nation, will be dealt with in another article. TEACHERS FIGHT OVERTIME WORK INN Y, SCHOOLS Superintendent Orders Playground Duty NEW YORK, June 7.— The New York Teachers’ Union charge that the “voluntary playground plan” would lead to compulsion of teachers to do duty in school yards before and after school hours is proving correct, ac- cording to the union’s communication to the board of education. In one district the local superintendent calls for 250 volunteers, about 25 per cent of the teaching force, the union claims, and asks principals to bring the names of teachers to the monthly conference, ; The principal of one school posts an instruction sheet which plainly states that he has not had sufficient volun- teers and “to carry out the directions of the city superintendent I shall be obliged to assign as follows” with a list of teachers’ names, Similar as- signments to playground duty were made in other schools. The Teachers’ Union stand is not against opening school yards for play- grounds but rather that they be ade- quately supervised by playground spe- cialists and that the plan of getting teachers for overtime duty will lead the way to requiring them to work in summer vacations, _ Now It’s the Alcohol Trust. NEW YORK, June 7.—The synthe- tic alcohol trust is forming in place of the tetra-ethyl lead gasoline com- bine, according to John Collins in the Nation for June 10. “Du Pont mak- ing the fuel alcohol, the Standard Oil company distributing it, and General Motors controlling the high-compres- sion engines in which to burn it,” he nd adds that it is trade gossip that Du Pont is negotiating with the Germans for American mghts to the new synthetic alcohol motor fuel. He suggests that this may explain the readiness of the Ethyl Gasoline cor- poration, subsidiary of Standard and General Motors, to drop its tetra-ethyl lead product when its danger to work- wi. ono. --- peenee SERB ESSSETee BILL GREEN NOT. SURE NOW THAT PUBLIC OWNERSHIP IS GOOD AS IT WAS AT MONTREAL MEETING By LAURENCE TODD (Federated Press Staff Correspondent) WASHINGTON, June 7.—President Green of the American Federation of tung province, “for’as so long a period» Labor, replying to a request from President Coolidge’s advisory Muscle Shoals commission for his opinion as to what should be done with the govern- ment’s vast power plant, modifies his former attitude—taken when public ownership of railroads was under hot debate in the Montreal convention of 1920—to the extent that he does not now ratify the policy adopted by the organized workers in the industry affected. He does not approve govern- ment productive power as a general principle. “So far as ownership is concerned,” says Green, “it cannot be determined in advance that any specific type of ownership will under all conditions give invariable results. The decision upon ownership ought to be made with reference to each power undertaking after an examination of conditions and factors to be dealt with.” , When the railway workers asked the A. F, of L, to endorse their pro- gram of. public ownership and demo- cratic operation of railroads, in the 1920 convention, Green made a vigor- ous speech upholding their right to have labor back them up in what seemed best to safeguard their ifidus- trial progress and the progress of the country as to transportation. He point- ed out that the coal miners claimed the same right, and that no govern- ment agency ever had failed to be cal- led in to repress the workers under | private ownership and operation of railroads or mines, With his own statement to the Mus- cle Shoals commission Green enclosed the resolution adopted at the Portland convention in 1923, endorsing *co- ordinated public development and con- trol of water resources, for the sery- ice of the people at cost.” Movies to Coax Immigrants to Mexico. ‘TAMPICO, Mexico.—The Holland- American Line‘ plans the extensive use of moving pictures to stimulate the emigration of workers from Hol- land and Germany to Mexico This recalls tho premiums paid by’ steam- ship compaines to those agents wlio could lie aost fantastically and ‘thas sell the most tickets to this country ‘restricted immi- nchausen wou! to have been able MELLON 0, K.’S MORGAN LOANS TO EUROPEANS Approves Gold Dollar on Italy’s Neck WASHINGTON, D. C., June 7.—See retary of the treasury, Andrew J. Mel- lon, has approved the foreign loans of the J. P. Morgan and company bank- ers. In a statement today he adlioe 7 that Morgan’s loan would “astist if eign governments in stabilizing ‘currency, and will place m in ter position to pay their official Morgan recently loaned the; sl government $50,000,000. ; A. and P, Reorganize “BOSTON, June 7, — Reorganization of the Atlantic and Pacific Tea com- pany, with employes taking the part of suckers, being “permitted” to sub scribe for stock, was announced -here today. A Jarge holding Coup was in- corporated jn Baltimore, Md., and five divisions were created. Each division will have seperate presidents and boards of directors, , Storms in Sweden Kill Ten. STOCKHOLM, June 7, — Vi t storms have been sweeping Sweden for the last twenty-four hours killing tae persons, all in marine disasters, YEATES saoi) TOPEKA, Kans., June 7.—Applica- TOPEKA, Kans,, June 4,—Applica- tion of the knights of the ku klux Id | klan of Atlanta, Ga., for a charter to operate in Kansas was again refused | | | }