The Daily Worker Newspaper, June 9, 1925, Page 4

y ITALIAN RADICAL PRESS HAS HARD WORK TO LIVE ; Pociocrtons and Raids - Frequent ; By CARL BRANNIN. MILAN, Italy—(FP)—Maintaining a yadical newspaper may seem a hard job in the United States but the prob- ‘lem is simple compared to what the Italian workers are up against under the rulg of Mussolini. Here the prob- lem is not simply to get out the paper and pay the bills but, in addition, to survive the shock which comes two or more times a week of having en- tire editions of a good many thousand copies confiscated by the local fascisti prefect as “contrary to the public health and order of the state.” Sometimes a paper will be undis- turbed in Milan and the oopies sent to a neighboring city will be suppress- ed by that prefect. This policy has been in active force since early in January and applies to all anti-fascist papers. The Communist and Social- ist press are the hardest hit since their financial support is the most slender. “In spite of all these and other ob- stacles,” says Malatesta, one of the editors of Unita, the Communist daily, “we are not at all discouraged. Every day indicates a growth in Communist sentiment among the workers and peasants. We are unable to crystal- lize this into organized form because we can hold no meetings nor send out organizers. But money is coming in to meet our extra expenses to the amount of 1,200 lira ($48) a day and we manage to get along.” Thus far, according to Malatesta, there has been no interference with the office of the paper. No editors have been arrested and there has been no smashing of machinery (as hap- pened in Florence and Pisa) but this may take place at any time. Started @ year ago, the paper now has a cir- culation of 40,000 daily. Besides, there are seven or eight regional , Communist weekly papers, a special paper for women workers, one for young workers, one for the peasants and Il Syndicato Rosso, edited by Ser- rati for labor affiliation with the Red Intetrnational of Labor Unions. At the headquarters of Avanti the same story was recounted. It was stated that every confiscation of an issue meant a total loss of from $400 to $500. Since last June the paper has been suppressed 58 times. Sev- eral years ago, before the split in the Socialist party, Avanti was the recog- nized voice of the class conscious worker of Italy with a large circula- tion. “ Avanti is now controlled by the Maximalist Socialists (Centrists). Its circulation is stated to be 100,000 daily.. Because of its old tradition of revolutionary socialism it is still bought by many workers who also buy Unita. Giusticia, the daily of the Reformist Socialists, has the same story to tell of suppression. It prints 60,000 daily now and is read by the bourgeois-lib- eral, as well as a certain strata of the working class. Brandeis Rel Refuses to Use Power on Supreme Court to Aid Labor WASHINGTON, minimum wage law for women, as well as that of Arizona which has | been brought before the federal su- preme court on an appeal, is in dan- | ger. The court has permitted W. H. Pillsbury, a San Francisco lawyer, on behalf of the Industrial Welfare Com- mission of California, to take part in defending the Arizona statute because the law in the two neighboring states has the same foundation. That foun- dation is undetermined by the deci- sion of last year, nullifying the law in the District of Columbia. Pillsbury, in. his brief, takes the line pursued years ago in like cases by Brandeis, now a member of the court. He points to the discussion, deliberation, legislation and adminis- tration in many parts of the world, in eight provinces of Canada, and in the United States, to prove that the people—supposed to be sovereign— want this kind of law and have in- sisted upon it. He appeals from legal and constitutional hair-splitting to common honesty and humanity to- ward working women. Justice Brandeis will take no part in the decision of the issue because he was counsel in defense of the Ore- gon minimum wage law which was upheld years ago. Four of the remain- ing justices Southerland, McRey- nolds, Butler and Vandevanter, help- ed to kill the District of Columbia law. Stone is a new member. Taft, Holmes and Sanford upheld the dis- trict legislation to safeguard a mini- mum wage for women in industry, Getting a DAILY WORKER sub or two, will make a better Communist of you. READY NOW! June Issue of THE WORKERS MONTHLY — 25 CENTS A COPY “HANDS OFF CHINA!” WILL BE DEMAND OF RED PICNICKERS HERE The Ru Ukrainian and Pol- ish branches of the Workers (Com- munist) Party, local Chicago, will hold-a picnic at Marvell Inn Grove, on Sunday, June 14. Included In the program will be speeches demand- Ing “Hands Off China,” protesting against the murder by American marines of striking Chinese students. Comrade James P. Cannon will k In English. 8B. K. Gebert in Pollsh and there will be other speak- ers In Russian. Come early, bring the family and your friends. To get to park take any oar to Milwaukee Ave., then Milwaukee-Gale car to end of line. A committee will be on hand to meet you there. BUILD ILLINOIS ROADS LIKE THE ROMANS ONCE DID That Is to Say, with Slave Labor By TOM TIPPETT HILLSBORO, Ill., June 7.— Truck drivers on the hardroad construction (FP).—California’s | between Irving and Hillsboro, IIL, have forced a 20 per cent increase in wages. The raise cost a few of the truck men their jobs and was the re- sult of a one day strike. The trucks are owned and kept up by the drivers who are paid on a piece-work basis for hauling gravel and cement from railroad cars to the roadbed. The price paid, before the strike, was 30c for the first mile and 20c for each ad- ditional mile per two ton load. The job has been contracted by the state of Illinois to Smith Bros. Con- tracting Co. of Dallas, Tex. There are state inspectors to see that the proper amount of cement is put into the road but the contract does not stipulate la- bor conditions. Building hard roads is mean work. The cement dust ne- cessitates goggles and the men. at work in fhe cars wear a tin contrap- tion over their mouths like a gas mask to protect their lungs. Nearly all the men have to race against huge ma- chines. Two workers have been car- ried off the job, over-heated from shoveling for the mixer that mixes concrete by gas power. Much of the preliminary work on the roadbed is done with teams. Men who own their teams are hired at 50c an hour for two horses and a man, out of which feed must be bought for the animals. The common laborer wage is 35¢ an hour which is also the rate paid to men who urload cement as well as the concrete handlers who lay the roadbed. Ten hours is sup- posed to be the length of the work day, but many of the shifts work 12 and 14 hours. And there are some that work 16-hour shifts. All but the con- crete men work a 7-day week. There is much dissatisfaction among the laborers but most of them have been unemployed for months and those who accept the work need it so badly that agitation is done with caution. The old Roman roads could hardly have been laid under Worse labor con- ditions, |Movie Magnates Ask | Better Service from U. S. Charging that thé interests abroad of the American movie magnates are not adequately “protected” against discriminatory import legislation, Sen- ator Smoot proposes that a special motion picture bureau be added to the U. S. department of commerce. Thus if any attempt is made to cover some Kinglet’s harem costs by a tax on canned melodrama the navy might be more quickly mobilized to insure the freedom of the films. And the con- sular- business agents will be more effectively directed in pushing the sale of reellife Tong wars into the theaters of China. The proposal had an immediate echo in other countries, reports the Film Trade Journal, and now “Ger- man producers are demanding protec- tion because they see in the American proposal a move aginst German films.” Both American and German film capitalistis, like all others of their class, have no illusions as to what. their government is for. But how they squawk when the Russian working class learn the same lesson—and ap- ply it! FOREIGN EXCHANGE, NEW YORK, June 7.— Great Bri- tain, pound sterling, demand 4.85%, | H. cable 4.86. France, franc, demand 4.76%, cable 4.77%. Belgium, franc, demand 4.67, cable 4.6714. Italy, lira, | M. demand 3.96%, cable 3.97. Sweden, krone, demand 26,73, cable 26.76, Nor- way, krone, demand 16.80, cable 16.82, Denmark, krone, demand 18.76, cable 18.76, Germany, mark, unquoted. Shanghai, tael, demand 78,00, cable 79.00, Embaimers Ask Wage Raise, The embalmers of Chicago are be- ing organized, it is reported, The embalmers who are now getting $30 to $35 per week are said to be de- manding higher wages, eM: ‘ SER THE DAILY WORKER erent neem amar annem it em The Bolshevization of Our Party Pres (Continued from last issue) Vi. Factory Newspapers, Worker Correspondents, and the Commun:-| Ist Party Press. HE worker correspondent may be counted among the best gauges of whether a Communist newspaper is in real organizatory contact with the masses or not. “It is a complete misapprehension to suppose that precisely the literates, and almost exclusively the literates (in the professional sense of the word) are capable of successful work upon a newspaper. The reverse is the case; the newspaper does not awaken to real life or capacity for continued life until 500 or 6,000 non- literates add their contributions to the work of five leading and permanently active literates.” (Lenin: “How our newspapers are to be made into real organs of the labor movement?”) But it would be an equally grave error to limit the worker correspond- ents to members of the party. In this respect there is a lack of clearness among the sections of the C. I. Thus for instance, the resolution passed by the conference of the worker corre- spondents of the Roten Fahne con- tains no word about inducing non- party worker correspondents to con- tribute to the Roten Fahne. It is understandable that during the preliminary phase of development of the young worker “Pottespondents' | tory movement the worket,correspondents are active members of the Communist Party for the most pai But the worker correspondents’) movement would, from the very, commencement sever itself from its chief. sphere of utility were it not to aim at inducing precisely the unorganized workers to take part in the movement. The non- partisan worker should and must be given the opportunity of expressing his wishes in the Communist press, and-even of bringing any complaints which he may have against the Com- munist Party. The ‘worker corre- spondents already contributing to our press should regard it as one of their most important tasks not only to write themselves, but to urge non- partisan fellow workers, and acquaint- ances sympathizing with the Com- munist Party, to become correspond- ents. Ut Restos Communist daily press has an important and indispensable task before it in the organization and dis- cussion of the factory mewspapers. The factory newspapers are among the most hopeful signs of proletarian activity and initiative. They repre- sent one of those new forms of revo- lutionary agitation to which the Com- munist Parties. must accord the great- est attention and support at precisely the present juncture, It may be safe- ly maintained that, hitherto the fac- nucleus newspapers have been pa on without any great measure of support from their big brother, the daily press. An organizatory report isshed by the German section of the C. I. speaks as follows of the factory nuclei newspapers: “Here the spell has been broken. The example given by the numerous factory newspapers which has appear- ed has broken down all resistance. As soon as the fears of the factory coun- ells have been overcome, we shall succeed in the course of time in pro- viding every large undertaking in Germany with its own newspaper.” of Restarts is however nothing to be found in the whole report as to whether and how the Communist press is aiding the factory nuclei newspapers. The supply of material and technical assistance is not suffi- cient. An uninterrupted organizatory contact must be maintained between the editorial staffs of the Communist daily press and the worker editors of the factory newspapers of the corre- sponding town or district, The mutu- al exchange of experiences, the mutu- al discussion of the best methods of agitation and their effect upon the working class, will open out to both new and direct paths to the heart of the great masses. And this is the essential and decis- ive factor in the slogan of “Bolsheviz- ation of the press.” Closer contact with the masses of the readers! AMERICAN WORKERS SEND $1,500 TO RELIEF IRISH FAMINE SUFFERERS The Irish Workers’ and Peasants’ Famine Retief Committee has forwarded the sum of $1,500 to the relief of the famine sufferers in the west of Ireland, according to a statement issued today from the national office of that organ- ization, at 19 South Lincoln Street, Chicago, “Not only is there terrible distress in the west of Ireland continues the statement” but all over the country theusands of workers are unemployed and the unions are organizing demonstrations and demanding that the govern- ment provide work at trade union rates or maintenance. The » Irish Transport and General-Workers Union organizes the unemployed and gives them representation on its executive committees. “Even the Free State government which has repeatedly denied the famine stories issued by our commit- tee was last week forced to appropri- ate almost half a million dollars for unemployment relief. This money, however, is given'to favorites of the ruling party. ‘Funds raised by the Irish Workers’ and. Peasants’ Famine Relief Committee, will be distributed without regard te political affiliation thru working class, channels,” All contributions should be sent to The Irish Workers’ and Peasants’ Famine Relief Committéé}19 South Lincoln street, Chicago.” The following-is~a list of contribu- tions received for Irish famine relief from May 1 to May 15: Previously acknowledged Walter Kraft, Chicago Emile Alband, Alta, Margaret H. Mass. Can. it EK. 8. “Murphy Cw. 5. 18), New York, Pete Picktin, Beatie E. M. Broune, New Bernard Volk (U. C. No. 10), St. Paul, be ig thas wi ae a a 0. 2 (H. Hoffman) 1 Jewish Br. W. P. w Solnitzky), Pitts. burgh, Pa. .. bf N. P. Mary, A. Dooley, Albany, N. Ana M. White, Albany, N. Y. Ella O. Findersen, Lawrence, Mi Anonymous, New Bedford, Mas: No. 1367, “Chicago E. M, Caldwell, San Diego, Cal Frank Peterson, Stratford, Con: Frank Peterson, Richmond, Cal George Burnett, Victoria, B. P.D. & P. Union Local 186 (H. F. Burns), Minneapolis, Minn. {. Felman, New York Se, Mrs. Herman Steinbaum, City . Jacques Horwitz, New York City.. W. CG. Br. No. 45 (J. Kellner), Pitts burgh, Pa. Lenore G. Maral New York Cy. Margaret Gage, Milbrook, N.Y... 5. Gertrude V. Marx, Palo Alto, Cai. Gertrude Gottschall, New bh be 8 W. C. Br. No, 716 (Bell! Springfield, Mass. .. Bruno Theodore, ite Typographia No. 7 (R: Hoffman. lew York City .. Daisy M. Barteau, St. Paul, Minn. Gepprecht, Bridgewood, N. Nina Lomasney, San Diego, Cal, Douglas Park English Br w. P., Chicago Anton Sturm, F. Barefoot, Chicago Mrs. M. W. Hoar, Troy, Idaho, Mrs, 8. D. Schayer, Pittsbur; L. Love, Secy. W. C. Br. 53: luth, Minn. J. Jensen Secy, of Chicago Jacob gs vnc P., Local No. 10, J. D. Gibson, Secy., Chicago eee soheras Kracher, New York CY §., Brooklyn, N. Hind Grass, (A. M. C.), pe Con: Clougl ne Bate ‘whlott White, New York Cy. Ben Levin (Douglas Pk, ir W. PAC “on he G. Johnston, Baltimore, Md. Amal, Lith. Assn. Local No. troit, Mich. .. (A. Ger Emma M. Bij Geo, Klane (A. 3 een N. % P, Blechman,: Conta’ rs, C, Jeason, TelrkWood, M Gren Ag Lodge No, 478, Pittsbu & D. Un ys weenee, Cristal oe. 3. Weinstone (N. ¥, Local taf Xe G.), New York Clityu. 108.95 Louls Je ig Ghicano.. 1,00 z. M. Hub 27.00 P. 1.00 Bridgewet a Mass. . 28.15 J. Krance) E. C. Brakes, Easton, Pa... 103 Mrs. Leah Stern, Brooklyn, N. Freiheit Lodge 337, C. Schl bach, Chicago Bruce Fink, Ox Mrs. E. Potsford, Mulley, N. J. David Falls (Potters Lodge No. 114) 11.50 5.00 5.00 New Rumley, Ohio... . 5e J. P. Billberg (J. T. U. of A.); Fort Worth, Texas 600 Martha Addington, Chicago 1.15 Fred Guendel, Staunton, IIL. 1.00 Miss Annie Mattimol, San’ bara, Cal. .. M. Bernstein (W. C. Bi Providence, R. I. Wm. Kade (W. S. & D. B. Br. 169), ‘Towson, Md. Anonymour Edward & ley, Mast H. Lina, Theo. Gauggel, Cincinnati Anonymous, Chicago... 8. Malin, Bronx, N.Y. s0dbe Emil Wowal, Chicago . Harry T. Brady (Potters Union, Lo- cal No. 20), Steubenville, Ohio. 1 L. A. Barnett, Bloomfield, N. J Edgar Owens (Bulgarian Bry petra. Mich. . M, Entin, Elizabeth, cohen (local New 44,BU@ Gon) Pittsburgh, Pa, A. Vincenti, 20.00 1 = 3S satste Soe SP pS eerers Se Ernest P. Moors, Boston, B, of L. E., Div. 519 (D. a Baifknecht), Chicago Caroline L. Goggins, Berkley, Cal. W. C. Br. 375, New York City. C. Easten White Bear Lakes Mini Amin Zahn (W. C. 55) lyn, Masi W. Little, Wm. Schmidt, Swanton, / Ohio. Harriet G. Flagg, Brookline, Mass. Mrs. F. Burns, Madison, Wis. Wm. Frick, Detroit, Mich John Twomi, Proctor, Vt. A. M. Fitz, ‘Watertown, Snow sem S 33333 2 eee = Sa2 233 B. O. P. No. 31) E Palestine, Ohio .. . Kaplan, Brooklyn, N. » Platt, New York City.. « A, Heaphy, Cincinnati, K. Gerogieff, Chileo, Idaho. ‘Total ..... Balance to May 1 Total to May 16 Sormmon to perme Strike Against Speed-Up System. NORTH EASTON, Mass., June 7.— A spontaneous strike of polishers em- ployed at the Ames Shovel and Tool Co. occurred when the firm installed time clocks and attempted to intro- duce speeding up of work. (SSIs For ¢ ’ é é é } ‘ ; é t) ; ‘ ; ‘ ‘ ; ’ ‘ ‘ é ; é ‘ : t) ’ é ‘ Areal merit. The author, Herminia Zur Mihlen, is a German writer of children’s stories of the very highest order—stories of a distinctly new character. Her work is a definite promise of the new proleta fan literature of the future. CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVED To help the Workers (Communist) Party carry on its campaigns against wage cuts and the open shop drives; for a Labor Party, To support its campaign for amalgamation, protec- tion of roeign-born workers, for edu- cational leaflets, etc. Thanks and appreciation is hereby extended to all contributors and the comrades who circulated the lists. Have You Made Your Contribution? Branches not having turned in the list, are requested to do so at once. All lists must be returned, no matter whether they are blank or with con- tributions, Language Papers Please Copy This Request. Collection list No. 1873, collected by Gust Ayala, Box 374 Redgranite, Wis., Finnish Branch: Gust Ayala, $1.00; ‘A Friend, $1.00; C. H. W., $1.00; total, $3,00: Collection ‘list No i874, collected by Ellen Wiitala, Box 374, Redgranite, Wis., Finnish Branch: H, Bjorklund, 50r; H: Cackye, 50c; J. Michelson, 50c;'N. John- son, 25c; E. Wiitala, 50c;'E. Karhu, 50¢; A. ‘Bjorklund, 50c;'M. Kujala, 2c S. Harju, 2 Buchana, 50c; 0.’ Mattson, 500; KE. Aronson, 50c; J. Mak, Sdep J Haisa, 50c; total, § Contribution list No. 583, collect token. ae Foenah Branch of Brownsvi le, Contribution list .No, 1393, Sgilected by, D. Zamoysky, 2274 W. “11th Cle land, Ohio, " Ukrainian Branches § Shwchuk, 50c; J. Mayerowsky, .26¢;, 8. Ywicchka, 25e; P. Pyhychuk, 2 Shen n- ko, 25c; D. Magny, 25c; D. Zambysky, S. Kolynchuk, 25e; W. Lemychuk, Bahnuk, 25¢;) Wysocki, 50c; total, $3.25. Contribution list No. 1274, coll by. Russian Branch of Newt : mi a iW. Secheco, 25e; J. Savanovich, 50c; EB. Bartoshevich, lhc; N. Shaks, 25c; M. Doshin, 25c; W. Pochet, 25¢; J. Knish, 25c; F. Kobran, 50c; T. Hartonovich, 25c; J. Gritcky, 50c: c Hayopian, 50c; P. Prohadske, 50c; Gregas, 25c; T. Greengevich, 15c; K: Domarod, 25c; L. Ahananian, l5c; W. Budko, 2c; F. Yanchik, 5c; 8S. Leshuk, 25e; A. Andruhovich, 10c; A. Nastirovich, 50c; J. Shkearevich, 25; total, $7.95, o Cantribution list No. 455, collected by S. Lakiss, 521 Wylie Ave., Lesa Pa, Greek Branch: L. Lal 50c; K. Angérnios, > iui e~ joes Situgiss” ‘Ze; B are Contribution list No. 454, collected by C. Arhontog Bandogienis, Pittsburg! Pa.: A. Bellotti, 50c; J. Cermel, 50c; Podesta, bw. c. Badagionis, 9 N. Ray ocay, 50c; 0 - Speros, 50c; L. Viores, 260; Contribution list No. 1804, collected by Katherine Juania and Barbraa Evanich, 8. Slavic Branch No. 1, Chicago, IIL: Brnolec, 50c; S. Livoder, Be 8. Kordova, A. Zadorves, 2 25c; M. Lak, 25c; oe vodople, 35¢; V. 2c; F. St eb gantuwanas, $8.75. . Zanetti, oi nee, 2c; J. br veg 50c; W. 2 W. . Evanch, 10c; A. Mitrovich, 60¢; J. Kaliteonia, 25e; 8. Belajec, eo; R. may, 25; I. Capalica, 250; he og 25e; M. Karlovic, 25e; aa’ Plesko, 50c; 8. Rud- cknowledged "$47.10. ‘Previously $91.80. Total to date, $1 Workers Children Only a very short while ago— there was no book published in the English ‘language that adequately filled the need for real working class stories for children, The publication of “Fairy Tales for Workers’ Children” not only fills this urgent demand but supplies at the same time a work of / / The translation by Ida Dailes, brings into bold relief the W beauty of these stories, breathing so fully the spirit of the A working class, f THE DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING Co., 1113 by ep seer roan etme as al ~ FAIRY TALES Labor Member of the Canadian Parliament Nicks Imperial Pride OTTAWA, Can.—(FP)— A charge of disloyalty thrown across the Can- adian house of commons at J. 8. Woodsworth, labor member, by the minister of national defence, was promptly retracted when the labor member stood by his guns. “We have our own song, Britannia Rules the Waves,” Woodsworth had said, “and I am not at all sure that it ig much preferable to Germany over all. They both exhibit the same spirit, the same desire to dominate.” * Challenged by the defe minister, who was formerly in the law service of the British Empire Steel corpora- tion, Woodsworth repeated his state- ment. Thus challenged the steel trust henchman speedily retired, saying that the second Woodsworth declaration was slightly different. Communist Resolution on Child Labor Adopted by Croatian Society TACOMA, Wash., June 7.—The Cro- atian Benefit Society “Istra” at its last regular meeting had a discussion on child labor in which the vicious capitalistic exploitation of the youth of the working class was emphatical- ly attacked. After the discussion the Workers (Communist) Party resolu- tion on child labor demanding the im- mediate ratification by the state legis- latures of the child labor amendment was unanimously adopted. The resolution demands full educa- tion for children of workers and poor farmers and government support of those children whose parents cannot provide for their support during their period of education. ‘ The Resolution, It says in part: RESOLVED, That the trade unions repeal from their constitutions all discriminatory clauses against equal rights in the unions of young work- ers; also that the admission fees and dues be made lower for young work- ers to enable them to become mem- bers of the unions which will there- by become strengthened in their struggles against the bosses; and be it FURTHER RESOLVED, To call upon all other working class organiza- tions to unite with us in a common political struggle against child labor exploitation and for full government maintenance of the school children of workers and poor farmers. Tony Tencech, Chairman, doe Tencech, Secretary. “Empire Day” in Great Britain Glorifies | Greed and Oppression LONDON, — (FP) — “On Empire day,” writes George Lansbury in his Labor Weekly, “many children (and grownup children) will be listening to lectures and speeches, trying to make them believe the empire is some- .|thing to be proud of. On the contrary it is nothing to be proud of. The Em- w.|pire is a record of oppression and greed.” Empire day in England roughly cor- responds to the Fourth of July in America in quality of the speeches and official propaganda. Raids High and Mighty DETROIT,—(FP)—There is much scandal and indignation in Detroit’s high places and much mirth in such low places as labor unions. Carey D. Ferguson, collector of the port, raided the steamer Noronic on which 425 Detroit board of commerce members were about to embark on an annual cruise. He confiscated 24 cases of whisky and 126 cases of beer. Fergu- iso: son used to be business agent of the Detroit local of the Amalgamated As- sociation of Street and Electric Rail- way Employes. “This is a reflection on what you might call the elite of Detroit,” said T. L. Alborell, member of the board of commerce cruise committee. \ Besides the many drawings from the original edition, the American publication is-enriched by four beautiful full page drawings in two colors and front and back cover de- signs by Lydia Gibson. The book is a real children’s “story book size” of 9x12 inches—with large, clear type. COMMUNAL LAND © HOLDINGS GROW WITH SOVIET AID Technical Advance Is Slow But Sure § MOSCOW—(FP)—One of the many measures of the Soviet government to aid agriculture is to strengthen the communal or collective farms. Al- though after the revolution these se- viet estates were comparatively flour- ishing, their number dwindled to about 4,000 with the famine and the advent of the new economic policy. With the improved economic situation the © number of these farms is increasing again rapidly. There are now about 20,000 with 1,500,000 members. The present policy of the govern- ment is to draw the whole peasant population into the state agricultural program by embracing them in agri- cultural cooperation. These collective farms are an important form of sovict agricultural cooperation. # A conference of representatives of the collective farms from all over the Soviet Union in Moscow formulated plans for adapting the Communes to the great technical improyements that must be made. Machinery must be introduced on a larger scale and the cultural level of the members raised. With the coming of the new econ- omic policy the communes, though ad- mirable attempts at the ideal form of communism, tended to become isolat- ed from the surrounding economic system. The conference recognized that these communes must run on a business-like basis corresponding with the new conditions of open market, currency and exchange and must be self-supporting. One of the problems is land distrib- ution. Sometimes the lands of these farms are scattered, making efficient communal farming very difficult. The state agricultural organs are to rem- edy this. These communes still play a dominant role in soviet agriculture, so far as they embrace the most’ ad- vanced elements of the peasantry. They remain the outposts of Commun- igm in the countryside. More and more poor peasants, unable to till their land for lack of horses or imple- ments, are flocking to them. Huge Army of Labor Drawn Into the Auto Industry in Michigan WASHINGTON,—(FP) — Because Michigan is the center of motor vehti- cle production, significance in present day) industrial revolution is attached to a report by the department of com- merce on Michigan manufacturers in 1923 as contrasted with those of 1921. Manufacturing establishments whose output during the year was valued at $5,000 or more employed 503,492 wage earners, on the average, in 1923, or an increase of 65.4 percent over the num- ber employed in 1921. Total wage payments in 1923 wore $768,659,000, or 83 per cent more ‘than in 1921. In ‘motor vehicle production, the 84,573 wage earners employed in 1921 increased to 149,296 in 1923, or 76.5 per cent. The value of their produc- tion rose from $812,379,000 in 1921 to $1,551,990,000 in 1923—a rise of 91 per cent. In both the number of em- ployes and the value of product, the motor vehicle industry is the most tm- portant in the state. These figures indicate an almost un- parallelled growth for a single indus- try in time of peace, and a vast re- arrangement of the lives of bread- winners drawn from other occupations to find jobs in the automobile factor- jes. i Strike For $1 Ralse. SCRANTON, Pa., June 7.— Union plumbers and steamfitters in Scran- ton are striking for $1 a day wage increase, bringing the scale to $10. About 160 men were out the first day and 35 others were on jobs where employers had set at the new scale. It is issued in two editions. _To enable every worker's . child to own one, the first is bound in “Duroflex” covers— }f durable, leather-like and very attractive in a rich red color. Price 75 Cents The cloth bound edition is $1.25 Don’t let your little boy or girl go without this book—and don't overlook another child of a worker you may know. Send for it on the blank on the reverse side, rare Blvd., Chicago, Mlinois ’ ’ : ema , ce