The Daily Worker Newspaper, June 2, 1925, Page 6

eS 5 Page . THE DAILY WORKE Published by the DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING CO. 1113 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, Ill. Phone Monroe 4712 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By mail (in Chicago only): By mall (outside of Chicago): $8.00 per year $4.50 six months $6.00 per year $3.50 six months $2.50 three months $2.00 three months Address all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W. Washington Bivd., Chicago, Hilnols J. LOUIS BNGDAHL WILLIAM F, DUNNE MORITZ J. LOB Entered as second-class mail September 21, 1923, at the post-office at Chi- cago, Ill., under the act of March 3, 1879. Editors Business Manager e290 The British Trade Union Conference On June 4 there will convene in London a conference that is of the most vital importance for the British labor movement, the most militant in the International Federation of Trade Unions and conse- quently of tremendous significnace for the world trade union move ment. The conference is for the purpose of setting up a solid front of unions in basic industries against the British capitalists. Far more powerful than the old triple alliance which collapsed on Black Friday principally thru the treachery of Frank Hodges, then secretary of the Miners’ Federation, the new alliance will be composed of the Miners’ Federation (which took the initiative in calling the con- ference), the National Union of Railwaymen, the Locomotive Engi- neers and Firemen, the Transport Workers Federation, the Transport and General Workers Union and the metal trade unions. The Minority Movement in Great Britain has been working for a conference of this kind at which ways and means will be devised for centralizing the efforts of the unions in the basic industries, adopting a common policy and thereby strengthening the whole labor front. The calling of the conference and the belief that the General Council of the Trades Union Congress will assist in bringing the whole British labor movement into line with the powerful group of unions forming the new alliance, is a victory for the left wing and proof of the rapid advances made by the British working class. Capital in Great Britain is on the offensive. The MacDonald government failed the workers and not only failed the workers but it failed even to fight for them. It continued the policy of the im- perialists abroad but refused to enact even such mild reforms. as a miners’ minimum wage bill. What is taking place in Great Britain is a new alignment of the forces of labor. The workers in the basic industries and their unions, suffering the most from the breakdown of British industry, are! in no mood for further compromises. These masses are in revolt against the cowardly leadership of the MacDonalds and Thomases. They are coming closer to the Communists, close enuf to join with the All-Russian unions in the drive for world trade union unity. The British labor movement has hoisted its anchor of conserva- tism and is beginning to move down the broad stream of the class struggle, gaining momentum rapidly. Great developments are in prospect and the coming conference is an indication that they will be in line with the rest of the world revolutionary movement which is making breaches in the walls of capitalism in a dozen different conntries. Advertising rates on application. Framing Union Organizers As an aftermath of the street railway strike in Buffalo and the other great strike movements that took place in 1922 two labor offi- cials have been arrested in Detroit and charged with dynamiting railroad property in the former city. The two officials, William Fitzgerald, international viee-presi- dent of the Amalgamated Association of Street and Electric Railway Employes, and W. P. Collins, general organizer of the American Federation of Labor, were in charge of an organization campaign launched by the Detroit Federation of Labor. . There is probably a direct connection between their organiza- tional activities in Detroit and the revival of this three year old charge. The case itself has some peculiar aspects. Involved in it originally were some of the most reactionary officials of the Buffalo labor movement and it is rumored in union circles that the whole case is a frame-up engineered by the Buffalo employers’ association working with some of its tools in the local lavor movement. The federal authorities, after a delay of three years, arrest the two union officials at the time when the organization campaign is beginning to worry the Detroit bosses. If the case does nothing else it certainly furnishes an example of how convenient the machin- ery of the government is to the capitalists when they want to check the activities even of two such conservative labor leaders as Fitz- gerald and Collins. It may be mentioned in this connection that, while Fitzgerald is a conservative vice-president of a conservative union, that in purely trade union struggles, organizing campaigns ‘in particular he displays considerable militancy. In 1915 he was in charge of the organization of the streetearmen in Seattle and was brot into court by the local bosses on a framed charge. The strike failed at the time but one year later the union succeeded in building a permanent organization. The case of these two organizers is a class case and shows quite clearly that the most reactionary union leaders cannot get away from the class character of the struggle when they are really trying to organize. The Detroit labor movement should and doubtless will, give these organizers all the support possible in their fight for acquittal. A Real Famine The story, taken from the London Daily Herald, official organ of the British Trades Union Congress which we published . Friday, dealing with the famine situation in Ireland, should settle once and for all the question of whether there is a famine in that long-suffering land. The facts of actual starvation, secured at firsthand by the cor respondent of the London Daily Herald, give the lie direct to the glowing statements of the spokesmen of the puppet Free State gov- ernment. Men, women and children, with their livestock, are actu- ally dying for want of food and the small amounts needed to relieve the acute distress, but which have not been forthcoming from the government, bear eloquent testimony to the callouusness of a regime which deliberately condemns these workers and peasants to starva- tion by sabotaging efforts for their relief. Babies eighteen months old living on a little flour and water, old men and women keeping a spark of life in their wasted bodies by eating potato peelings, whole villages living on limpets picked from the rocks at low tide, are a few of the things the Herald correspond- ent saw and these things surely are not conditions that prevail in any but famine districts. Yes, there is an Irish famine and relief, steady and generous, must come from the workers and farmers of the United States, Let us answer the lies of the tools of British imperialists in Ireland with money, food and clothing for these stricken workers and peasants, By TANG SHIN SHE HE foreign imperialist press in China and the foreign representa- tives are raising a great outcry re- garding the bad conditions in China, and are constantly demanding that law and order be finally established and that China be made a unified state. As a matter of fact, however, war and unrest mean good business for the imperialists. They are support- jing the generals with all their powers and are smuggling arms into China in order to sell them to the military chiefs. The Japanese in particular have been very active recently in this respect. When in 1917, China entered into the world war it received large milit- ary credits from Japan. From this time on Tuan She Sui become a slave of Japan, Even now he is working not only in the interest of these imperial- ists but also in the interest of the French. Tchang Tso Lin is likewise an out and out supporter of Japan. In the October war of 1924—at Shang- haikwan—the Japanese supported Tchang Tso Lin not only with aero- planes and money etc., but in Tsin Huang Dau Japanese troops fought lirectly against those of Wu Pei Fu. N the 6th of March last there took place in Mukden a military con- ference of the supporters of Tchang Tso Lin which was even attended by the local Japanese consul. The follow- ing decision was arrived at: 10 million Chinese Dollars are to be devoted to improving and increasing the army of Tchang Tso Lin; half of this sum is intended for the air fleet, the remain- OFFICIAL TENN, SCHOOL BOOKS TELL OF DARWIN Scopes Taught Text Pro- vided by State DAYTON, Tenn., May 31.—“If I have been violating the anti-evolu- tion law so has every teacher of science in Tennessee,” said John T. Scopes, who will go on trial here in July for teaching evolution in the Dayton high school in violation of the recently passed law prohibiting the teaching of evolution. Scopes produced the official text book of biology which was furnished by the state. The book, “A Civic Biology,” which the state of Tennessee has not barred from the schools, altho it contradicts the bible, contains passages which contradicts the story of the creation of the world in six days found in genesis. The book states: “We have now learned that animal forms may be arranged so as to be- gin wtih very simple one-celled forms | and culminate with a group which contains man himself. This arrange- ment is called the evolutionary pro- cess. Evolution means change, and these groups are beieved by scien- tists to represent stages in complexi- ty of development of life on earth. Geology teaches that millions of years ago life upon the earth was very simple and that gradually more and more complex forms of life appeared. as the rocks formed latest in time show the most. highly developed forms of animal life. The great Eng- lish scientist, Charles Darwin, from this and other evidence explained the theory of evolution. “Altho we know that man is separ- ated mentally by a wide gap from all other animals, in our study of physi- ology we must ask where to place man, If we attempt to classify man, we see at once he must be placed with the vertebrate animals because of his possession of a vertebral col- umn. Evidently, too, he is a mammal, because the young are nourished by milk secreted by the mother and be- cause his body has at least a partial covering of hair. Anatomically we find that we must place man with the apelike animals because of numerous points of structural IMkeness. The group of mammals which includes the monkeys, apes and man we call the primates.” THE DAILY WOR ing half for the artillery and for the erection of a gas factory (for war pur- poses). Among the artillery and the air officers of the Manchu troops there are a great number of Japanese, as well as their friends, white guardist Russian and French. It was further decided at this con- ference that Tchang Tso Lin’s air fleet should undertake a flight to Jap- an in the spring. During this year many branch lines, for the greater part for military purposes, are to be added to the Southern Manchurian (Japanese) railway. The Japanese are treating Tchang Tso Lin very deffer- entially not only because they wish him to work for thé@ir interests in China (against the Chinese people,) but also because they wish to have him as a point of support against America and Soviet Russia. The above measures are a direct means of insurance for Japan. But the Japanese also like to indulge in specu- lations. All the deféated Chinese gen- epals are received with open arms in Japan. They not only gave asylum to their own supporters such as the Anfu people, who were defeated in 1922, and General Lu, who was driven out of Shanghai in October 1924, but also to their opponents, the Chili people, as, for example, @hi Schu Yuan. Ac- cording to tne report of the Peking Morning Post of March 14, Chi Schu Yuan has now returned to Hankou, under Japanese protection (!) where he will again co-opérate with Wu Pei Fu. ALGAN is the headquarters of the Americans in Northern China. The ally of the Americans, the Christian CFNSUS DEPARTMENT GIVES ESTIMATE OF POPULATION OF CITIES WASHINGTON, D. C., May 31.— The estimated population of fifty four cities as of July 1, next, given out by the o ian department, shows Chicago | practically three million and it. York with well over six million population. Some large cities were not includ- ed because of insufficient data. The estimated population of some of the cities, according ta the census de- partment, will be jon July 1:— New York ... - 6,103,384 Chicago 2,995,239 Philadelphia 1,979,364 St. Louis 821,543 Pittsburgh 631,563 San Francisco «+ 657,530 Buffalo .. 653,828 Milwaukee .. 501,692 Minneapolis. .. 425,435 New Orle: 414,493 Cincinnati .. 409,333 Kansas City 367,481 Indianapolis . 358,819 Louisville . 259,259 Omaha 211,668 Des Moines 149,183 Duluth .. 110,502 NORWAY RUSHES RELIEF PLANS FOR AMUNDSEN Will Send a Search Party in Few Days OSLO, Norway, May 31.—The Nor- wegian government is rushing prepa- rations for sending a relief expedi- tion to search for Roald Amundsen, who, left with his party in two air- plan to fly to the north pole. Amundsen has been missing for nine days. Relief will not be~sent to find Amundsen for 14 days from the time of his departure, as the artic explorer left word with his assistants that they should wait 14 days before sending out a searching party. Amundsen is expécted to return to either Spitzbergen or Cape Columbia, unless he has met with disaster. Amundsen’s steamer Fram is at King’s Bay for supplies, while his other steamer, the Hobby, is watching the cle edge for Amundsen’s return, : FACTS FOR WORKERS By JAY LOVESTONE, Director, Research Department, Workers Party Industrialization of the United States as shown by the Increase or de- pations: Number of Gainfull Occupation p Agricultural laborers Farmers and Planters Miners, Coal and Metalliferous Oil and Gas Well workers Iron and Steel workers Machinists in the number of workers per million of populattes In various occu- y Employed per Million of Population Motormen, Conductors and ether Street Railway Workers Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters Steam Engineers and Firemen (Stationary) , Textile workers id on U investigati labor States census bureau and 1870 ©» 1920 74,848 37,544 77,320 87,550 3,946 8,361 99 809 1,218 8,006 1,420 : 7,586 132. 1,634 289% 1,966 op Lam 888 (.) 3,651 4,842 18 9,097 me bureau of { me | KER General Feng Yu Hsaing has now also his general staff in Kalgan. He has the entire Kalgan-Peking and the Peking-Hankau railway lines in his hand. Using Hankau as a base, he is trying to establish connections with the South-West provinces, while froni Honan (the central portion of the Peking-Hanau line) he is trying to gét into touch with the two North- West provinces Kansu and Shensi. Of course this plan of Feng Yu Hsiang runs couter to the interests of Japan. Tchang Tso Lin is therefore endeavor- ing to thwart the intentions of Feng Yu Hsiang. The Honan war in Febru- ary of this year arose solely from this cause. In the middle of March this war came to an end and the opponent of Feng Yu Hsiang (that is the friend of Tchgang Tso Lin) suffered a defeat. When, at the beginning of January last, Wu Pei Fu had to flee from Ho- nan to Hupe and his supporter Chi Schu Yuan was obliged to flee to Jap- an, he possessed nothing more than two warships. In spite of this he still had an immediate influence in the upper Yangtse provinces. The chief enemy of Wu Pei Fu today is likewise Feng Yu Hsiang. This again provides a good speculation for Japan. On the one hand there is now Wu Pei Fu and Tchang Tso Lin in close connection, on the other side Wu Pei Fu is assisted by a Japanese Lieuten- ant Colonel as adviser. In January Wu Pei Fu wanted to start a revolt in Hupe; for this purpose the Japan- ese adviser attempted to procure him a war credit. The plan however was discovered and, on the demand of the sitizens of Hankau and ‘Wuchang, the Max .Beer: “General History of ! Socialism and Social Struggles” By HERMAN DUNCKER (Berlin) Note—The terms socialism and’ Communism are here used _ inter- changeably. eee HISTORY of socialism has been a long fe!t and urgent want in the modern working class move- ment. However, it quickly proved it- |self to be an undertaking demanding |great preparatory study and above all the possibility of prolonged and un- disturbed scientific work. When even bourgeois writers in their peaceful studies have not been successful in completing such a work how is it to come from the ranks of a fighting party? In the beginning of the ‘nine- ties the at that time still revolution- ary German social-democratic party had already made a great step to- wards the issue of a comprehensive history of socialism. It as to repres- ent the collective work of the best, Marxists of the international. Ple- chanov, -Lafargue, Kautsky, Mehring, Bernstein and others were won for the idea, but the work remained a torso, tho a very valuable one. Kaut- sky’s “Pioneers of Socialism” and Mehring’s “History of the German Social Democracy” developed later from this. There existed also various histor- ical monographs—very unequal in their execution, dealing with persons, events and movements in the history of socialism in the German language (whith which we are exclusively deal- ing here, but there was lacking a com- prehensive history of socialism, set- ting itself the task of following the whole development of socialist ideo- logy and social revolutionary move- ments thru the history of mankind. Condemns S&S. D.’s Be extremely industrious and’ con- scientious work in the years 1920- 23 a work has been completed which fills this gap. M. Beer, known as a Marxist writer by a series of capable works upon the history of socialism, has issued a “General History of So- cialism and Social Struggles” in five volumes published by the Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaft (Berlin). In 1924 these five parts were issued in one volume of 540 pages. This work which we can conscient- iously recommend to all comrades, caused one or two surprises in the form of its appearance alone, First of all it is astonishing that precisely the Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaft in the midst of the trivialities with which it is in the habit of feeding the book market, and having regard to the so- cial democratic camouflage manoeu- vers, with which this house usually accompanies ‘its publications, should have issued such a serious and scient- ific work. But much more astonishing ig the fact that this publishing house, behind which Parvus and other flery anti-Communists stand—a semi-offi- cial publishing house of the German social-democratic party—presents in the Beer book a positively annihilat- ing Communist criticism of the Ger- man 8. D. P. and the Second Inter- national, “Money Doesn't Smell” do not know whether perhaps the Barmat orgies in Schwannen- werder or such like pleasures indulged in by the publishing house directors, and with them the whole party leader- ship of the German social-democratic party, have so much fogged their brains that they simply failed to notice what a Bolshevik cuckoo’s egg was being hatched in their otherwise so respectable nest, but for this good joke we are prepared to forgive Com- rade Beer for ha’ so long delayed in taking up an o; ttitude for Com- Japanese adviser was expelled from the place. Since thé middle of March Wu Pei Fu has been staying in Hu- nan; according to reports from Peking of the 17th of March, the Japanese adviser is again with Wu Pei Fu, but under another name. Wu there- fore has the same master as Tchang Tso Lin. Med Japanese are not conducting any policy in China for the moment but they have an eye to the future. They greatly fear that Tchang Tso Lin, whose power in Manchuria is not quite secure, will be overthrown, and then what will become of their privi- leges in Manchuria? In October last the Chinese emperor was driven from his palace by Feng Yu Hsiang and was compelled to renounce the title of emperor. ‘The Japanese are endea- vouring to.make use of this for their own advantage. In November they invited the emperor to move from his private residence and to come and re- side at the Japanese Embassy. There they treated him as a real emperor. On February. 23, the ex-emperor went secretly to Tientsin under Japan- ese protection. From thence he was to travel to Japan. Discussions took place in Japan as to how best to re- ceive him. The matter was not only dealt with in the press but the foreign minister declared in the upper house on the 8rd of March that he must be accorded a worthy reception. The Chinese people are very indign- ant at the action of the Japanese. A rumor is current that Japan at a given time, if Tchang Tso Lin is unable to retain Manchuria, will place the em- munism and the Third International! It is also possible that the directors of the publishing house, in the atmod- sphere of corruption which surrounds the German. social-lemocratic party, simply said to themselves: “Business is business; we shall get a profit on the book even if it should expose our political. sins. Non olet, money doesn’t smell!” Beer is right when’ he4 speaks in his. book of “the internal moral, weakness of the social-demo- cratic party” (Page 500) or of the “un- principled. and opportunistic Second International” (Page 514). The work of Beer—to a certain ex- tent a world history from the Com- munist. point of view—deals, in a capably, arranged division of mater- jal,,in the first and second parts with ancient society and the middle ages, whilst..the three last parts are de- voted, to socialism in the later ages (from the XIV century on). Although not_all, the sections are dealt with in the same.manner from original sour- ces,.yet important epochs are seen in a new. light by the arrangement of the, material and apart from this Beer has. worked detailed original studies into his book. On Ancient Society HE presentation of pre-historic and ancient society is the least satis- factory...The origin of private proper- ty and above all the class tendency of certain forms of special property should have been more clearly. dealt with, (for instance page 4-35). Military conflicts between the tribes precede the formation of classes within the tribes. . It is an exact reversal of the process when Beer says of slavery (page 17); “in the beginning it was compatriots who were. made slaves and later prisoners of war.” In the utilization of the material supplied by antiquity, Beer makes too little dis- tinctino between saga and legend and actual historical facts, (See for inst- ance Lycurgus, Page 40, or Christ, Page 101, and others). The psycholo- gy of the people has always had a tendency in looking back on social movements to regard them in the light of the heroic actions and wonders of superhuman personalities. The social historian has, therefore, the extremely agreeable task of presenting such legends attaching to personaliti once ‘again from their original sour- ces as’ “legends.” ice least of all to the Platonic social critic, He contends that the “Politeia” is no utopian des- cription (Page 52). But Plato with his “ideal state’: nevertheless tried to hold the mirror to his generation. It is by no means an accident that even in the middle ages Communist think- ers and poets returned ever and again to Plato “Politeia” (Campanella, Mo- re, Muenzer and others). On the other hand Beer has represented in this first part many movements with the care and accuracy of the Marxist, for in- stance, the prophets’ movement in an- client Palestine, the descriptions of Cataline and particularly of Spartacus. Beer presents very basic studies in his description of the social thought of the middle ages and he social-here- tic movement from the IV to the XIV century. The author has dealt with this religious ideology in an astounhd- ing and living manner (see the proof for the connections with the Gnosis). The economic foundation is however dealt with rather too briefly. It is just as actually present as the “earthly aims” in the Chiliast and ancient Christian tendencies. It has been argued recently (see A. Wittfogel!) that the word Communism cannot be extended to movements which strive only for a Communism of consump- tion, Certainly, scientific, Marxist Communism begins first with the slo- gan of the socialization of the means ee aka and the recognition of [Speculations of Japanese Imperialism in China peror on the throne of Manchuria, e&actly as was done with Korea in 1897. Many pamphlets have appeared in Japan dealing with the restoration of an empire in China. Out of regard for the Chinese people, which means in reality in order not to lose the friendship of the Chinese (by means of which the Japanese have obtained an ally against America) Japan alter- ed its plans at the last moment and will not permit the ex-emperor of China to come to Japan but will send him to Dalny. E, see how the Japanese imperial- ists are working in China, how they wish to dismember the country and td suppress the Chinese people. On March 20, a great Japanese newspaper in Tokio mentioned in a leading article the extraordinary ex- penditure of the government for milf- tary purposes for the last ten years from 1914 to 1924. This amounted to a milliard yen. Of this amount 300 million went to the navy and 700 mil- lion to the army, The paper in ques- tion flercely attacked the government (it is said that no Japanese govern- ment had ever been so attacked in the press before) and stated: “300 million yen for extra naval ex- penditure, this appears c¥edible, for during the world war the Japanese had to maintain order in the Indian Ocean ard in Tsingtau; but the 700 million yen for the army; to what pur- pose was this deyoted? There has not been a war in the meantime?” To this question one can calmly reply: the money was required for speculations in China. the class struggle. But there exist nevertheless also a “development of Socialism from utopia to science!” And thus Beer is right when he des- eribes as Communism those efforts and systems of thought in economic epochs in which the struggle of mo- dern Communism could not be con- ceived of, but in which nevertheless a “new society” was demanded in which the common property or the so- cial control over the necessities of life should ensure the well being of all. Modern Communism. OMRADE BEER has been most suc- cessful in the history of socialism since the dawn of modern times. We are given in bold outline the first great German revolution from 1516 to 1535, in which Beer sets forth the reformation, the movement for nation- al unity, the peasant wars and the Anabaptist movement. That the fine sense of Beer for the economic and moral history of England would en- sure him success in those chapters dealing with the history of socialism in England was obvious (see the chap- ters dealing with the English utopians and the English social critics etc.). Beer’s studies also draw other per- sons and movements into the history of socialism in an original manner. We. do not agree with Beer who stamp the historian of the Babeuf conspiracy Buonarotti as the leading spirit of the movement, so that final- ly it is somewhat unintelligible why the chapter is still entitled “The Con- spiracy of Babeuf and Comrades” (Page 342). Beer is however right when he unearths the leader of the German enlightenment movement, Professor Weisshaupt (1748-1830), and also the social criticism of the Rhine- lander Gall in the year 1825, and other similar material. Thus for instance, amongst the older French socialists, Pecqueruer receives a detailed valua- tion. Pecqueuer, like the German Moses Hess, is often unjustly ignored. We then come to the presentation of the socialism of modern times (up to 1920). Beer gives us in an ex- emplary manner, always upon the bas- is of historical and economic sketch, the history of ideas and the political movements. A great amount of ma- terial and reflection is presented in the smallest space, Everything is clearly and correctly dealt with in the light of the materialist conception of history. Only upon one we take up a definite attit Beer, and that is in his Engels (Page 240). Beer | justice to the significance and | spirit of Engels precisely the extraordinary modesty Engels always placed himself : Marx. The original form of the Eng- els foreword to the “class struggles” and many letters show clearly that Engels cannot be counted among the “reformists.” For the rest, Beer pre- sents the gradual victory of reformism in the German working class move- ment and the progress of the Ger-! ‘man 8. D. P. towards a petty-bour- geois party Very well, hal ers Second International could not stand the great test; nationalism and revisionism bound it to the exist- ing order and dragged it into the vor- tex of war.” (Page 514,) And of the period following the war Beer says just as succinctly and ap- propriately: ‘The socialist party of Germany ruled, but militarism, bu- reaucracy and capitalism were domi- nant.” Beer shows the internal dis- solution of the socialist party of Ger- many, how it “paved the way for the reaction,” unfortunately, however, he pays too little attention to the bulld- ing up of the new Communist move- ‘ment in the Communist International, Let us hope that Beer will still in detail with this most important per- Lg Re amie » + ee inlay