The Daily Worker Newspaper, June 2, 1925, Page 2

| ; 2 | } } { ¢ Page Two TAXI DRIVERS THE DAILY'WORKER , MEXICAN LABOR | HUMPHREY, COOLIDGE REACTIONARY, UPSETS FAKE GAME OF “FAIRNESS” Sham War in Tennessee ae > 4 em , ‘\ \ $ >g¢ of course, DEMAND UNION TO HIT YELLOW Low Wage, Long Hours Exposes Sugary Dope (Continued from page 1.) & commission, and the time spent in waiting around the garage is lost time.” The night shift starts as soon as the driver can get a cab, another employe explained, and then the driver works until two or three a, m. the next morning. : High Profits Last Year It is py these methods that the Yellow Scab company was enabled to Pile up a net profit of $2,223,929.34 in Chicago during 1924, a lean year for the taxi companies, “It was the loyalty and efficiency PLAYED BY U.S. WASHINGTON—So much anxiety has ben created in the republican strongavlis in the west because by the rule of secrecy and refusal of in- vestigation which Comissioner Huwaph- Tey has brot into force in the federal trade commission, that President Coolidge is now worried over its out come. Paticularly is the executive alarmed at the declaration by Sen. Borah that he favors Sen. Norris’ plan of abolishing the commission rather than permit it to be used to protect the brigands of big business Accordingly, the White House has begun to leak rumors that Coolidge will take up the whole issue of fed- eral trade commission policy before congress shall have a chiicy to ve- gin a debate «on Humphrey . perform TRADE COMMISSION ance. Coolidge, who nominated Humphrey and insisted on his con- firmation with the. enthuslastic ap- proval of the U. S. chamber of com- merce, did so with knowledge that Humphrey had always been a deris- ive enemy of the purpose of the com- mission—the alleged safeguarding of so-called “fair” competition. Now he is back-tracking, apparently, and will disclaim all responsibility for the secrecy rule and the general scrap- ping of the functions of the ¢ommis- sion. That he will demand Humph- rey’s resignation is not suggested. Humphrey is a wily politician who might sting even the chief executive if provoked too far. He is doing what he was selected to do. ASK COLLEGE ATHLETES TO SCAB OFFICIALS FIGHT TEACHERS" STRIKE Line Up with! Governor Against Unions (Continued from page 1) affiliated with the 0. R. 0. M.; (2), no organization of the ©. R. O. M. can declare a solidarity strike with a non- affiliated organization or with one that has been affiliated less than six months; (3) the C. R. 0. M. will not give aid and forbids the state federa- tion of Puebla to do so. The governor of the state had already sent the ©. R. O. M. a statement declaring: (1) that he did not recognize the teachers union; (2) that government employes cannot organize; (3) that his plan of economies could give the teachers no grievance since it was the plan of Calles and had nothing to do with the Over “Evolution” Holds No Promise for Workers By J. LOUIS ENGDAHL. ‘ODAY, let workers ‘and poor farmers keep uppermost in their minds, in reading about the so-called Scopes’ “monkey trial,” at Dayton, Tenn., that the result of the legal battle will not affect the capitalist class domination of Amer- ica’s educational system. “The Goose-Step” will be in force then as well as now in the schools where America’s youth re- ceives its instruction. Even the United States supreme court, headed by that most arch-reactionary, William Howard Taft, can with an easy conscience permit the teacher, John Thomas Scopes, and other instructors, to go ahead teach- ing evolution as they see fit. No tremor will shake the cap- italist structure build on the rights of private property. ° ° * * j Yet the legal proceedings will serve some purpose, OF CONDITIONS AT JUNE 6 MEET Scorn Bill Now Before State Legislature By PASQUALE RUSSO. Members of the Cooks’ and Pastry Cooks’ Cosmopolitan Social Club are distributing a handbill announcing an educational gathesing to be held at the Hotel Morrison, June 6, 8:30 p. m. On this occasion they will discuss the merits of a bill introduced into the general assembly of the State of Illi- nols. Theodore D. Smith of the 13th dis- trict {s the author of the bill and he will be in attendance at the gatthering to show reasons why cooks should be required to have a state license, From our meager information it ap- pears that the bill will not benefit the of our employes” say John Hertz, the e ‘ * president. “That has enabled this ON BUILDING LABORERS IN BOSTON Se a re Oren, kin. alent They will show the stone age conservatism in which the Peds te events rear rt tr company to increase our earnings + “ democratic South is bogged, altho Dayton, Tenn., is claimed during a period of business depres- sion. It was the courtesy, decency and efficient driving that built up this business and was directly responsible for our big earnings last year.” This sounds very polite but it does not increase the earnings of these “courteous drivers.” There are ap- proximately 4,000 Yellow Cab drivers BOSTON, Mass.—Stars of the grid- irons, the baseball diamonds and the running tracks of Harvard and other New England colleges and universi- ties will be sought as strikebreakers to replace the building laborers who are striking for a few cents an hour more in Greater Boston. So Colonel William H. Root, presi- men so that no student athlete can go scabbing without knowing that there is a strike. Nearly 5,000 building laborers are striking, following a referendum taken by the five locals of the International Hod Carriers, Building and Common Laborers union with which they are enemies which are also the political enemies of the C. R..O, M. The gen- eral secretary of the C. R. O. M., far from repudiating the concept that government employes cannot organ- ize or strike, answered with the de- cree above-mentioned. General Strike Breaks Out All thru. April the teachers con- as republican territory. The mould of reaction fits alike upon both the old political parties in Tennessee, as else- where. Take Clarence Darrow for Instance. He is willing to line up with the defense lawyers. Darrow was an accredited delegate to the last democratic convention in New York City. His politics ought to help him big south of the Mason and Dixon line. But word got around that Darrow is an infidel. pockets of crocked officials. Smith, as 4 politiciar, can be trusted not to introduce a bill that will benefit the slave toiling in a filthy and unsanitary kitchen. To provide for the health of the workers would be inimical to the interests of the food barons and this Smith will studiously avoid. Workers’ Health Comes First. “It shall be unlaw- COOKS TOTALK a} The bill states: th 7 ‘ahies 0 ae : pare Gent o6 the Delieiey eee eee 71 to 90 lee ag Poggi peste sippy gpl The clever Chicago lawyer announced that he ‘ole Leornal in- | tut tor any person to follow the occu- he two shifts. On January 1 of last +f ‘i iT i erners hha! year 2,798 cabs were on the streets {cr Association announces, Ho thinks | 1. 62°15 79 cents an hour previously | controlled ©. R. O. M, continued pre- fidel nor atheist, but an agnostic, which left the Sout! pation of cook or chef, unless he shall doing double shift, and 272 have been added since that time, in addition to 525 new cabs which replaced the old ones. Of these 4,000 Yellow Cab drivers, only 24 are receiving average earnings over $35.00 per week. The average in- come of a Yellow Cab driver is esti- mated at around $25.00 to $30.00 per week. The average is nearer $25.00. Displaces His Drivers The hypocrisy of John Herts’s in- terest in the “courteous” drivers is exploded by the employes themselves, who inform the DAILY WORKER that Hertz is putting his energy into boosting the new “Drive It Yourself” taxi company, which is promoted by funds supplied by the Yellow Scab company, and is according to the drivers, aimed to displace them and make the customers their own chauf- feurs. The “Drive It Yourself” company charges 12 cents per mile for its cars, whereas the Yellow Scab cars charge 20 cents per mile. In this way Herta is making a cut rate in order to enable the Yellow Scab com- pany to get along with less employes. And so the Yellow Scab company “Bad. to pad out its banquets with friends and relatives of the offictals, and employes conscripted from the offices. A large number of the drivers Were indifferent to the affair. Many of those who did go were given to un- derstand that their bosses required at- tendance. Don’t Hire Union Men Officials of the company questioned about their ideas on unionism, were, unanimous in speaking against organization. T. Kenney, edi- , \tor of “Taxigrams,” the magazine \ Tprinted to instill loyalty into the em- Ployes, declared “I don’t think the Yellow Cab company would prosper if it hired union men.” David MacLean, ‘the employment Manager of the company, thinks a union is “dictatorial” He declared that “former union men” are being hired by the company, but “of course, they cannot belong to a union at the time of their employment.” the college athletes will be glad to earn summer money at the rates of 65 and 70 cents an hour that fail to satisfy workers with families to sup- port. Steps to head off the employers’ at- tempt will be made. University cam- puses will be circurlarized by union paid. House painters are back at work under a 3-year agreement, calling for @ continuance of the present $1.10 an hour for another year, with arbitration to fix the scale in the ensuing two years of the pact. ASWESEEIT -: By T. J. O'Flaherty (Continued from Page 1) sia. The extreme right of the bour- geoisie holds sway in the principal capitalist countries. Even in France where a left government is nominally in power, it holds its lease only by carrying out the policies of the ex- treme right. One of the amusing ire- sults of the rejuvenation of reaction is the manner in which it is giving the rassberry to its very good friends, the social democrats. ee ‘N Germany the late President Dbert’s son is fined for speaking disrespectfully of certain members of the government. Still worse, the of- fices of the Vorwaerts are raided ‘by detectives of the investigation branch of the public prosecution. This is the first time since 1908 that such a thing happened. Vorwaerts was the officia) organ of the royal” German republic since Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Lieb- knecht were murdered by Scheide- man and Noske and the social demo- crats were in power in Germany. The excuse for the raid was the refusal of Vorwaerts to publish in full a reply made by a nationalist leader to charg- res of corruption madé against him by the socialist organ. : ee HE German law provides that all denials must be published in full whether the editor approves of them or not. But the usual course to adopt in such cases is a summons. But the office of the public prosecution is now in the hands of the nationalists and they show no gratitude to the social- ists whose policy makes it possible for the nationalists to be back in the detailed to slip him the necessary let- ter of introduction surrepitiously. ee « T took twenty-five limousines to carry the mountain of flowers that accompanied the deceased bootlegger to.the grave. The dead man has four brothers—all handy withthe gat. A policeman standing on a street cor- ner reading the headline which an- nounced the murder. “Wait until the four brothers get into action,” he chuckled with evident satisfaction. Several city officials were visible at the hooch merchant's funeral who had a large following among the Italians. Such is respect for law in this big city. It is a joke until a worker gets caught in its toils. > eae. N actress offered a trained chim- panzee for use in the fight be- tween the evolutionists and their op- ponents in Dayton, Tenn. This is a refiection on William Jennings Bryan, Isn’t one monkey sufficient? Bringing such a zoological specimen to any Place disgraced by the presence of the perennial presidential candidate is like bringing booze to Bermuda. That Dayton mixes business with its desire to satisfy its avatistic craving for see- ing people punished, is shown when a public meeting of indignant citizens protested against the announced in- tention of Chattanooga school teach- ers to court indictment for the same offense that brought Professor Scopes into the toils of the law and William Jennings Bryan onto the front page. s*# © 2S ipevs Daytonians declared that un- less the Chattanoogans desisted, paring a general strike, On the 22nd, it broke out. The strike was com- plete. It included light, water, trans- port, bread, faqtories—everything. The schools, of course, also closed. Troops and police patrolled the streets, The first bloodshed occurred on the twenty-fourth, Leonardo Pale- ta, former secretary of the state fede- ration was killed and various workers wounded. Other encounters followed. Polite, to protect scabs, fired on pickets. Several workers were wound- ed but the police were disarmed by the strikers. One policeman was killed and another wounded. Send C. R. O. M. Envoy to Break Strike The strike spread steadily thruout the state and to the neighboring state of Tlaxcala. The C. R, O. -M. sent Eulalio Martinez to Puebla to pursu- ade the strikers to betray the teachers and abandon their strike. (Eulalio Martinez was the delegate of the C. R. O. M. to the second congress of the Red Labor dnternational in Moscow, where he.accepted the con- ditions of, affiliation which he and his organization repudiated upon his re- turn. He has since attacked Russia repeatedly, He has just been chosen by the government as “labor attache” to the Mexican Legation in Moscow in accord with the decision to send labor attaches to the embassies of various important ¢cduntries: in repres- entation of the Calles “labor” govern- ment.) Martinez accomplished nothing, The strike become more complete, news- papermen, chauffeurs, electricians ad- ded to the list of strikers.. The gov- ernment mobilized 8,000 troops near the capital city of the state, the city of Puebla. President Calles issued a statement attacking the strikers and ordering the troops to protect scabs. Eulalio Martinez secured from the governor of Puebla a promise of re- cognizing the teachers’ union but no other concessions. This he wanted the strikers to eccept but they reject- ed it. The C. R. O.'M. thru the mouth of its general secretary then declared the strike “illegal” unconstitutional, more bewildered than ever. They are not accustomed to such hair-splitting distinctions. hat Is more, however, they are not going to allow any battle they may make for the right to teach evolution in the schools of the state destro anyone’s belief in the teachings of the bible. It looks as if Darrow, who has strugglea so hard within recent years to become ‘respectable in capitalist surroundings, will find him- self black-balled by the Tennessee defenders of “evolution.” Dudley Field Malone may have better luck. He has been able to live down the fact that he wandered so far afield from the donkey democratic fold as to run for governor of New York, in 1920, on the farmer-labor ticket. Within recent years Malone has specialized in Paris divorces for some of America’s best, in the sense of aristocratic families, which has developed into a recognized industry. Then there is John “Wallstreet” Davis, former private counsel for J. Pierpont Morgan, legal aid of the West Vir- ginia mine barons, the phone trust and other “open shop” interests, who is also trotted out as a defender of the right to teach the doctrines of “evolution.” Charles Darwin must surely shudder in his grave to think that lawyers such as these are mentioned to defend the principles he espoused. eee Private ownership of the nation's wealth and natural resources will not be touched by this discussion of the evo- lution of the human species. Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick is considered a “liberal” in the church because, among other tenets, he is opposed to complete immersion in baptising the victims included in his flock. But John D. Rockefeller, Jr., thinks him safe enough to be head of a church to cost mil- lions of dollars, that the heir of Standard Oil will see that he gets. Fosdick’s friends are contributing “morally and financially” to the defense of evolution in Tenessee. But religion does not cease in the least, therefore, to function as “the opium of the people.” * e@ #6 But let some instructor arise demanding his right to teach social evolution driving toward the final emancipation of the world’s last oppressed class,—that Communism comes on the heels of capitalism with giant strides. It is one of capitalism's greatest fears that even the smallest taint of Communism should raise its head in the nation’s school system. Freedom of teaching that does not permit the mes- sage of Communism to be heard is a libe d and shackled. It is a fraud par excellance like all liberalisms. The American Federation of Teachers, affiliated with the American Federation of Labor, has pledged itself to stand by Scopes. It is in the Teachers’ Union, in New York City, allied with this organization, that the so-called “Ilberals” have first obtained a certificate of registration.” From this we are led to believe that régistration is of prime importance. But is it? We think not. The first and most important item is the cook’s health. Since Mr. Smith fs to attend in per- son, and since the seance is to be held in the Morrison Hotel, a netori- ous sweatshop, he will have an ex- cellent opportunity to obtain some first hand information. The conditions at the Morrison are filthy and if Mr. Smith chooses he may study the sit- uation, and if he does he will be forced to conclude that health should be considered before registration, Let us enumerate some of the condi- tions actually existing at the Morri- son Hotel right at this very moment. The main kitchen is located in the third basement, below street level, and here the heat is terrific. On this same floor there is a large, well-kept toilet with plenty of soap and towels. Unfortunately its use is restricted to that of guests, It is a violation of the rules for any employe to use the toilet. Frequently they use it but at the risk of their jobs. Other times they use the less frequented places behind the range or stock pot. The toilet for the use of kitchen employes is in the basement below. There'are two, one for men, one for women; no soap or towels and the odor is nauseating. On the second floor there is another, but here the conditions are even worse. No windows, no fresh air, no ven- tilation, The smell is offensive and all the employes complain, tho no heed is paid to the complaints. There is no provision made for shower baths. Bad Food Served Publlo, Come-backs and scraps are all used and worked over. As a rule chicken skin is mixed with the other soraps. The cook takes this and molds it with his hands, smearing it with bread crumbs. Hach day it is served and reserved under the following names: First Day: “Chicken cutlet with green peas.” Second Day: “Capon cutlet with “wel-| Saddle. This is rank ingratitude. The | they would boycott the hostile city. sweet potatoes,” a =: Fede ae the fad ciset “alanine taxa sap raid on| The people of Chattanooga: might| the Work of agitators, etc. rete reenipt be on ent oe a Rin Dab: Parbay’ dette “aot opal cane of Seaptig the’ actvaes the Vorwaerts office is that the official | Come and watch the proceedings and Union's Support Teachers hirer ae wit pois se!) ot pps pdt cheg bss in their | green peas.” contented, and who conducted the | directly responsible for it, the Pruss- in the happy event of the young teach- The textile workers of Atlixco sec- children a desire for real en enment. gain the terror Fourth Day: “Sweatbread eutlet banquets, paused between bites of white fish long enough to say sweetly, “I don’t think the men really want to organize a union.” Drivers Demand Better Pay One driver showed an article in the April 15 issue of the “Taxigram” dope sheet, written by ©. W. Gray, vice president of the Yellow Scab com- pany. “You men know this company,” the article said propheticaily. “You men have made it what it is, and you ate the ones are maintaining its en- viable (?) reputation.” “The drivers are waking up to the fact that they are the backbone of the company,” said this employe. “We are told so often how much our work means to the company that we are beginning to believe it. And we want adequate compensation for this work we do for the company. They tell us we make them their profits. Well— we want these profits if we make them, and we want a union organiza- tion to force the company to give us those profits which belong to us.” Pick Super-Patriot ’ as Commissioner to Rule Nation’s Capital WASHINGTON, May 31.—Maj. Gen. EM A, Helmick, inspector general of the army for the past four years, has been urged for appointment, at the hands of President Coolidge, as one of the two clvilian commissioners who have charge of the government of the district of Columbia. An army engi- neer officer is always the third mem- jan minister of the Severn, is a socialist. wee A hee French socialists changed their minds and voted for the Pain- leve government on the Moroccan question. That is, they decided to support hte present war of aggres- sion carried on by the French capital- ists against the Rifians, whose offense is a strong desire to run their,own country. It is true that the socialists explained that their reasons for sup- porting the government were different to those of the Poincareists for doing the same thing. The socialists thot French prestige must be upheld. The right opposition—thought—well, you can think up as good an alibi as I can for the French socialists, Oo: Bie ‘WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN was unceremgniously shoved off the front page by the indecent act of a Chicago bootlegger in getting assas- sinated without due and sufficient no- tice, thus causing big headlines in the Chicago press and the usual predic- tions by the police force that they would have the murderers “within twenty-four hours.” The murdered man was a catholic but the cautious church would not give him credentials to heaven, officially. So a priest was interior, Herr er being burned at the stake, a repre- sentative of the competing burg might be allowed the privilege of pouring the oil on the faggots or applying the lighted torch. At a mass meeting, a Dayton barber assaulted an evolution- ist because the latter held that man sprung from a lower order of family life, The barber took it as a personal insult. We have not seen the barber’s picture, but he probably needs a shave and haircut. Strike Continues in 35 Ice Plants in Brooklyn, N. Y. NEW YORK, May 81.—As Local 56 of the Steam and Operating Engineers Union continues its fight in 85 ice Plants of Brooklyn for the 8-hour and $9 day and the 6-day week the other workers have formed an Ice Plant Workers’ Union that ig seeking ad- mission to the American Federation of Labor. The new union is support ing the strike and demands $6 a day, Get Barber Scabs in N. Y. SCRANTON, Pa. May 31.— Non- union barbers from New York are act- ing as strike breakers, say Scranton barbers on strike. 5,000 COMMUNISTS IN GERMANY VICTIMS OF WHITE TERROR RULE NEW YORK, May 31—4There are between 3,000 and 4,000 Communists in Germany already sentenced and 1,000 more awaiting trial for political acta, says Louls Fischer in the Nation of June 3. Greater Berlin alone has several hundred political prisoners, Communists are sometimes kept in prison for a year without trial and many brutalities are committed. Prison: ber of the city commission, Helmick rose to fame recently when he declared, at a super-patriotic meet- onded the strike on the 28th first de- posing their general secretary who op- posed it. The workers of other states, also affiliated with the C. R. O. M. but also engaged in the textile trade (Puebla is an important textile cen- ter) voted to sttike as well but the leaders of the C. R. O. M. were in general successful in preventing the execution of these decisions. The strike lasted till the first of May but the C. R. O. M. gradually isolated it driving the workers in other states and in other parts of the state of Puebla back to work and leaving the capital of the same name as a strike center, On the first of May the feder- al government greatly augmented the number of troops there. At the same time, the governor promised to take back all teachers and make no re- prisals for the strike. By Monday, May 4 the strike wag definitely ended. As an immediate consequence of the treachery of the leaders of the C. R. O. M., the State Federation of Labor, thru its executive committee, has voted to sever its connections with the parent body. They will probably reaffiliate shortly. ~ The general strike is interesting in that it exposes the “socialist govern- ment” of Calles and in its exposure to the workers of Mexico of the true nature of the leaders of the C. R. 0. M. strikebreakers at the service of the federal government and the governors of the states, where these are political friends of the labor party. Moreover, it demonstrates palpably the fact that who plays with large masses of work- ers plays with revolutionary tinder. The government, thry' its paid agents, the leaders of the ©; R. O, M,, has sought to organize thé’working masses in conservative orgati!zations. But the I of “the Russian example” is invoked as a nightmare in defense of capitalism. The teacher-heresy hunters in New York City are neck and neck with the witch-burners of the Cumberland mountains in| Tennessee. But the Soviet ed- ucational system, gradually developing and broadening, with its loyal staff of instructors—loyal to the Workers’ Re ub- lics—is already an inspiration to workers in many lands. But it was only thru a tremendous upheaval, that de- throned capitalism, that gave the Russian workers and peasants the right to think for themselves, in the interests of their class. So even in the United States this righ will come to life only in the thunder march of the millions in the social revolution, erecting thé banners of the Proletarian Dictatorship in the struggle for the conquest of all power. No peaceful combat here within the dull confines of dusty court rooms, but the open clash on the far-flung battle fronts of the class war, where the toiling masses march to victory against capitalist oppression. 4 ee @ @ The sham battle over “evolution” at Dayton, Tenn., holds no promise for the working class. The workers must still fight the real class battle for their own liberation, COTTON BOSSES CONSPIRING TO CUT PRODUCTION Less Work for Labor and Higher Prices NEW YORK—Announcement of the Southern Yarn Spinners’ Association of a deliberate plan to curtail produc: tion is being interpreted by textile unionists in terms of less food, cloth- ing and shelter for the workers this summer. between June 1 and August 15, pro- vided similar agreements are made for the rest of the industry, with a total of ten million spindles, Manufacturers are signifyinng their intention to reduce production by signing pledge cards sent out by the editor of the Southern Textile Bulle- tin, The Yarn Spinners’ Association says its action follows decisions of the National Association of Cotton Manu- facturers Association—of which Mor- gan Butler, son of the United States senator from Massachusetts, is presi- dent. That this organized conspiracy to reduce production and thereby raise prices to the consumer may be a vio- lation of the Sherman anti-trust law Oe NE ne ee ES with cream sause.” In most cases these cutlets are sour but are served to the public. On May 22, Waitress No. 19 served several orders of capon cutléts that had soured. Is this fraudulent or not? The soup pot contains all manner of scraps; it is not covered and roaches and files have free access to it. On May 19, Waitress No. 1 had her attention directed to @ roach in the soup by a customer. The bread dressing served to the public is handled in the same manner as at the Hotel LaSalle. It is soaked in a filthy sink where pots and pans are washed, Not infrequently food {s eectually taken from the garbage can and served to guests. This seems ible, but the following are the tacts: On May 22, a cook whose card num ber is 1180 received an order from @ guest for “pot roast with potato pan+ cakes.” The cook in looking about, saw that the potato pancakes had dis« appeared. Turning to Frank Purdy, the steward he inquired: “What has become of the pancakes?” The stews ard answered by saying: “Look in the garbage can.” Again the cook queried: “What do you want me to, do?” to which the steward replied: “Take them out of the can, they ara all right and use them.” Needless to say, the cook obeyed orders, Ingh dentally, we challenge the manage. ment of the hotel to disprove or deny: any or all of these charges, f In short, this condition is not con« fined to the Morrison Hotel. It general and applies to all hotels, bill conjured up and proposed by assemblyman can remedy such barlo conditions. There is only weve om ing that the French revolution was incited to its terror and its general upsetting of Europe by “a German ¢ _ Jew by the name of Karl Marx” ; Puebla general strike has demons- j The association reports that mills trated that the contrdl of these lead- operating ers are frequently beaten and forced to sign confessions they have not read. In 1924 the International’ Workers’ Ald nN 1s a subject that has been carefully |remedy to meet the situatio! considered by manufactunrers’ ely and that is for the workers to