The Daily Worker Newspaper, June 3, 1924, Page 3

> Tuesday, June 3, 1924 EDUCATORS MEET INWASHINGTON JUNE 29-JULY 4 President Is_ Preparing Patriotic Pleasures (Special to The Daily Worker) WASHINGTON, D. C., June 2.—The National Education Association, rep- resenting teachers from all over the United States, will hold its sixty-sec- ond annual meeting from June 29 to July 4, in this city. This is the first time for a quarter of a century that the teachers have met in the nation’s capitol, Special Groups to Meet. Twenty-five affiliated and subsidiary organizations will meet here dufing the same week. Among them are the departments of business education, normal schools and teachers’ colleges, physical education, rural education, and other special teaching groups. Headquarters for the convention will be at the Céntral High School. The N. B. A., as the National Associa- tion is known, has a membership of about one-fifth of the total teaching population. It is not a rank and file organization, but is governed from the top, chiefly by the superinten- dents. -To See Approved Sights. President Coolidge and other gov- ernment officials are planning the usual welcoming outbursts for the teachers ahd are concocting plans for showing the visitors the regular run of historical and patriotic sights. Of the 700,000 teachers in this coun- try, it is estimated that one-fourth are under 21 years of age and one-half under 25. Five per cent of the teach- ers have had no more than grammar school training and barely one-half have been trained to an accepted minimum standard high school course and two yea normal school. SCHOOL BOARD CONSIDERS PLAN FOR SKYSCRAPER Supers Want Offices; A * Kids Can Wait While thousands of Chicago school children are forced to crowd together in fire-trap, unsanitary schools, the board of education goes blithely ahead on-plans for erecting for its own profit and use a “loop” skyscraper, at the northeast corner of Monroe and Dear- born streets, to house its offices. Business manager John E. Byrnes, who is supposed to be devising means for saving money in the school sys- tem, proposed the erection of the new board of education building. He sug- gests that about $400,000 net income could be derived from the renting out of the part of the building not used by the board. The cost of Me proposed building would be about $6,000,000 and could be financed by a school bond issue, according to the plans. Offices of the board are now scattered in various buildings and pay rental of $230,000 yearly. Arthur L. Weeks, head of superin- tendent William McAndrew’s building staff, has arrived and will work on the problem of relieving the conges- tion in the school buildings. A sur- vey of the school population will be made at once, the board reports. Indian Strikers Face British Army; Fight Starvation With Calm By PAUL HOYER. Federated Press Staff Correspondent. BOMBAY, India, June 2.— Over 150,000 cotton workers of Bombay, including 80,000, woman and children workers, have been on strike or locked out ever since January of this year. Wighty-three cotton mills are involved, and every economic pres- sure known to capitalism is being brot into play to wear down the re- sistance of the workers. Owing to the lack of funds and the starvation of the workers, it looks as if the bosses were going to win out. Already 14 mills have responded. The strike was called because the Mill Owners’ Association refused to pay the workers their annual bonus. The strike was followed by a lockout. The British government declared its "ers to pay them their January wages, already earned. Upon the solution of the strike de-| pends rival to Lancashire, England, seeks to increase its advantages by forcing down wages to increase profits to enable Indian goods to be thrown on the market at a cheaper price, American wor! should also watch this strike, THE DAILY WORKER at MEN TEACHERS’ UNION DEMANDS THAT BOARD OF EDUCATION GIVE FULL PLANS FOR JUNIOR HIGHS Full publicity on the new junior high system is demanded by the Chicago Federation of Men Teachers in a statement just issued, The men teachers protest the hurried and secret action of the board of education in adopting the junior high for Chicago schools. be! What's in a Name? The teachers find “no magic in the name” of the new plan, th held declaring that the system may be good or bad, depending on how it is worked out. They ask a number of thought-provoking questions which the board might well answer before they attempt the complete reorganization of the schools. In view of the fact that the parents and teachers have been the most in- terested in the schools for the good of the children and community, they ‘want to know what the board ‘is go- ing to do, the Men Teachers’ federa- tion asserts, especially when the par- ents vote for increased expenditures on school buildings at the same time they criticize board expenditures and tax increases. Some of the queries in the report are: To Avoid New Buildings? Are we to have junior high schools established for the seventh, eighth and ninth grades to avoid building more expensive four-year high school buildings? And are we then to have the elementary schools of the first six grades reorganized into the factory Platoon system, which every parent and teacher of younger children would oppose if the plans were known? ‘When an overcrowded grade school is taken over for a junior high school, are the smaller children to be scat- tered to distant elementary schools (where they can be housed under the platoon system) and be required to travel long distances, take their noon lunches away from home, cross busy streets, pobsibly street car tracks and boulevards? Is this to be done to save money? Or is the reorganization being thoroly worked out to provide a better and. more adequate educa- tional system than we have ever had? ‘We do not know. To Increase Child Labor? Are these junior high schools in- tended to provide means of rushing 60 per cent of the pupils thru the course of study in less than the pre- scribed three years, as is done, ac- cording to the report of the educa- tional commission, in the New York schools? We do not know. Are these schools to establish de- ‘partmental work that pupils may take vocational subjects so that they can become cheap help in blind alley jobs in restaurants, stores, shops, factories, ete., instead of developing the ability to think, feel,_act and react as effi- cient, intelligent, sympathetic and loyal social beings? r Speed Up System? ‘Will they be schools where pupils Play a speed game to pile up credits in vocational and industrial subjects, or is the program to be enriched and varied, provided with social studies intended to develop truly intelligent citizenship? As the building program progresses, is it intended that we are to have schools built that will accommodate more than 2,000 pupils—the maximum limit in size that should be consid- ered? Are children to be subjected to a school day longer than five hours, thus depriving them of the freedom and out-of-doors play most necessary for their future health and efficiency? ‘Will there be established a salary schedule that will attract into these schools the best teachers that can be had? To all these questions and many others no answer has been supplied by school authorities. The statement was prepared by the executive board of the Chicago Feder- ation of Men Teachers and autgorized by that body to be sent to the news- papers and to be printed and distrib- uted to all high school teachers. It is signed by V. O. Graham, secretary, and BE. B, Collette, president. Send in that Subseription Today! End of Ruhr Strike Lifts Heavy Load Off German Chest BERLIN, June 2— A coalition of the three middle parties with Marx as chancellor and Streseman Molding the portfolio of foreign affairs will re- sult from a conference held here. This combination is pledged to accept the Dawes plan, The ruling class is considerably rel‘eved for the moment over the de- cision of the officials of the miners’ union to the striking coal diggers back to on the terms of the compromisn agreement handed down by the arbitration committee appoint- ed by the government. . This calls for @ five per cent ad- vance in wages with no reduction in hours as the coal diggers had demand- ed. Whether the government can make anything out of the Dawes plan except leaving it a dead letter de- largely on the Ruhr minérs. Therefore, feverish efforts will be made to get some money out of the experts’ report before the workers again down tools as they are expect- ed to do. It is estimated that the strike cost @ owners fifty million dollars, and back handling of the reparations for at least one month, COMMANDEERING GERMAN HOUSES Tyranny Continues in Rhine-Ruhr Regions. By LOUIS P. LOCHNER. (Staff Correspondent of the Fed. Press) DUSSELDORF, Germany, June 2.— Passive resistance has stopped in the Rhine and Ruhr regions, but this does not mean that the people there are en- joying liberty. On the contrary, the French occupation is becoming more irksome. One of the most serious problems is housing. Dusseldorf normally has 400,000 in- habitants, but its population is in- creased by 100,000 thru Frenchmen connected with the military, civil and railway administration. The French had until recently commandeered 27 palatial villas and 4,130 houses—over 11,000 rooms. ‘The other day they demanded 600 additional flats, which meant that the inmates had to evacuate helter-skelter and take refuge in hotels and hospitals. “French Commandeer Housing. But finding a place in a hotel is no easy thing either. There are 34 hotels with 1,406 beds in Dusseldorf. Of these, 1,126 beds, or about 80 per cent are reserved for the French army of occupation. To make conditions still worse for native inhabitants, the French commander has ordered that all houses vacated hereafter must first be reported to the commander, so that he may place Frenchmen in them if he desires. The French also commandeered the six military barracks in Dusseldorf, the police headquarters and the dis- trict commandery. Not content with this, the city had to erect one new barracks, and a second to consist of 33 individual buildings has been or- dered. This means that the city will be unable to engage upon any build- ing program for her own citizens, School Buildings Seized. A sad chapter of the occupation history is the seizure of school build- ings by the army of occupation. Of ‘thé graded schools, 48 per cent have been sequestered, of the high schools, 36 per cent. One of the schools was demanded for the children of the French families. In this school, for- merly utilized by 500 German chil- dren, only 40-50 French children at tend. In another case the French Police needed seven rooms of a graded school having 14 classrooms. Not content with the seven rooms, it took the whole building. Send in that Subscription Today! The Minneapolis trade unt by the cablegram from the LaFollette is using as In the following editorial trom Labor Review, official or; MINNEAPOLIS LABOR HITS THE ENEMIES OF JUNE 17 AMERICANS WILL TEACH RUSSIANS USE OF TRACTORS Harold Ware in Group Going to Ukraine NEW YORK, June 2—The Ukraine Farming and Machinery Corporation, organized to exploit a concession of farm land in the Ukraine, and to edu- cate the Russian peasants to the use of American tractors and other modern industrial farm machinery, has established permanent offices at 70 Fifth Avenue. Officers of the newly-formed corpo- ration are George H. Strobell, presi- dent and treasurer; Jerome Walsh, son of Frank P. Walsh, vice-presi- dent; -Eugene Schoen, secretary; Harold M. Ware, managing director and Frank P. Walsh, general counsel. Anna Louise Strong on Board. The advisory board includes J. H. Broecker, of the Case Tractor Com- pany; Bolton Hall, Charles Ingersoll, Phillip Smith, Anna Louise Strong, ©, A. Tupper, and Roger Baldwin. Ware told the DAILY WORKER that the Ukrainian farm will be used to teach the Russians modern farm- ing methods by actual demonstra- tion. “We will grow mainly rye and wheat for the first two years,” said Ware, “but we are taking over an expert dairyman, Phillip Smith, and as soon as possible will establish a dairy of one hundred cows. Industrial Farming in Action. “At best farming in the Ukraine has been on a small, individualistic scale. By plowing twelve acres of land in one day with a tractor, while the peasants right next to our farm are plowing only one acre a day with a primitive plow, we will show the Russians that the industrial farm must replace individual farming. “The corporation will mean much to Russia by the introduction of American farm machinery. The tractor companies have had to learn that the promising Russian market, if they are to exploit it at all, demands special methods of distrtbution. Rus- sia is a Communist country, and if the tractor companies want Russian business, they will have to enter sympathetically into the Soviet gov- ernment’s plans for economic recon- struction.” Need Technicians and Capital. Ware told the DAILY WORKER he is informed that the three things FACTORY FEUDALISM PREVAILS IN COTTON MILL TOWN OF DIXIE; OLD FASHIONED HOME LIFE DEAD By LELAND OLDs. (Federated Press industrial Editor.) Pauperizing paternalism in southern cotton mill towns, where employers | undersell the north by paying Anglo-Saxon laborers less than New England | manufacturers must pay to French-Canadians, Italians, Portuguese and Poles, is described by J. P. Nichols in The Journal of Social Forces, published by the University of North Carolina.+- Miss Nichols finds that 89 per cent of the southern mills own their own villages, 49 per cent their own schools and 27 per cent their own general stores. A dead uniformity of type is devel- oping in these feudal preserves where workers are housed and fed like work animals as a result of social forces which she summarizes as follows: What Cotton Mills Have Done. “Child labor, unskilled and illiterate labor, employment of whole families, dreary homes and inefficient house- keeping, expensive and injurious diet- ary, feeble physique, early marriage, premature and uncared for old age, arrested mental development, nomad- ism, villages. owned and controlled by corporations, and an extremity Wf paternalism born of feudalistic tenure of old days and fed upon economic | rivalries of the present.” | “These common forces,” she says, | “work a common effect: destruction | of genuine family life and feeling, in- | creased incapacity for judgment and control, discount of personality, un- stable behavior and paucity of leaders.” Wicked Southern Home Life. Referring to the slipshod home conditions found in these southern villages she says: “Perhaps it is quite idle to expect either the physical or the mental energy for attractive home- making in families all of whose mem- bers over 16 are employed from 10 to 12 hours per day or night in a six- day week, attending spindles and other pieces of machinery in a linty atmosphere. The task of keeping house more often than not devolves upon someone considered unfit for mill work in which the rest of the family engages. Underfed Children. “Thus the least capable village types, especially at low paying mills, are left with the responsibility for the maintenance of the dwelling and to a large extent the health of the occupants. The effects of this divi- sion of labor are evident in the broken families, the sallow faces and under- nourished ill-clad bodies of the work- Russia needs most are liquid capital, trained technicians and specialists, and a bglance of trade, that is a sur- plus of grain with which to contract for industrial and agricultural ma- \chinery. Send in that Subscription Today! THE HAGUE, Holland, June 2. The Netherlands limit hours of work to eight and one half hours per day and 48 per week. Before May, 1920, the act provided for a straight eight- hour day and 45-hour week. Certain occupations are excepted like agricul- ture and domestic service. ‘on movement is not one whit disturbed Communist International which Senator his excuse for his farmers of America and his opposition to th desertion of the workers and ie June 17 convention. the current issue of the Minneapolis ‘gan of the trade unions of that city, the opinion is expressed that the international Communist movement § advice, and that the need of the hour of the organized workers and farmers. ave excellent is a powerful political movement * THAT CABLEGRAM. Publications and individuals who would like to see the June 17 Farmer-Labor-Progressive convention a failure, are gloating over a cablegram from the Communist International in Moscow. To those who are not so color blind that they fail to see anything except “red,” the cablegram is a harmless order to Communists in the United States to do all they can ers and their children.” Outside. of work their hours are spent on simple, crude diversions, less immoral than unmoral, or sleeping in bedrooms crowded with beds and | their occupants, sometimes indis-| criminately mén, women, boys, grow- ing girls and boarders, Trend to Factory Feudaliem. | This describes the condition of the | working class toward which the trend is setting in many in- dustries, setting away from the rela- tively better and more independent status of northern labor, a heritage of the country’s younger da: Accord- ing to B. M. Anderson, economist of the Chase National Bank of New York, “there is taking place and will continue to take place a shifting of industries from the northern half of the Atlantic seaboard and especially from New England, to other parts of the country, notably the south, where wages are much lower, while there is to make the St. Paul convention a representative gathe: of the various schools of liberal thought in this el mp The advice given by the Russian Communists for fol- lowers of that political belief here, to send as many delegates as possible to the St. Paul meeting, is advice that could well be taken by organizations not so far over on the left. If the Communists follow their instructions and do all they can to help build a Rarmer-Labor political movement that will be representative of the workers and farmers of the _ United States, it is to be regretted that thene is not some agency empowered to urge those who are assailing the June 17 convention to stop their bickering and co-operate in perfecting a political party of the organized workers and Here in the northwest is the best organized state political party of tgilers that can be found in the nation. id deeec for the success of the Farmer-Labor party in Minnesota is that it has not engaged in fighting workers and farmers with whose ideas they may not be in complete accord, but who are willing to go along with the majority of the rank and file. The fact that the only two Farmer-Labor senators in the United States congress are from Minnesota proves that the Minnesota method is best for the interests of city Fo Soni camer core © proper to do it for all prominent labor men to urge a full delegation to attend the June 17 convention. Such an ai will insure that the convention will be representative of the entire working class of the country, and will destroy any, chance of its being “captured” by a taking -place a counter-movement of population from areas of the United States where wages are low to the industrial centers where they are high. Send in that Subscription Today! N. Y. Elects More St. Paul Delegates to Show LaFollette By HARRY M. WINITSKY. WORKERS’ AID MEETING HEARS $33,900 RAISED New York Endorses Aid to German Strikers NEW YORK, June 2—One hundred delegates, representing labor unions, political and fraternal organizations were present at the sécond conference of the New York section of the Inter- national Workers’ Aid. The confer- ence received the report of the activi- ties since the last confernce on Janu- ary 27, which showed total receipts jot $33,900, with an administrative ex- pense of $1,900. In addition to that,| clothing was shipped to Germany amounting to $1,000. Bedacht Stresses Aid to Locked Out. Max Bedacht, editor of Soviet Rus- sia Pictorial, represented the national office at the conference. He reviewed the development of the International Workers’ Aid in Germany in pointing out that it is now concentrating its attention on aid to hundreds of thou- sands of locked out workers. He re- ported that the I. W. A. had assisted Striking and locked out workers in 85 industries. In addition he gave the figures of over a million meals dis- tributed to children and women. He declared that the aid given by the I. W. A. had raised the morale of the German workers. Bedacht commended the New York section in the name of the national office for raising mére than one-third of the total sum and also for main- taining direct class appeal thruout the entire campaign. New Activities Proposed. The conference adopted a resolution ‘which indorsed the work of the Inter- national Workers’ Aid in Germany and America and approved of the change of policy to concentrate the support of the I. W. A. for locked out and striking workers. The conference jalso adopted a proposal to issue a stamp book in continuation of the help to the children suffering as a re- sult of the capitalistic rule, and fur- thermore proposed that a bazaar and’ ball be held during the late autumn and early winter. The new executive committee elected by the conference consists of L. A. Gitlow, Paul Flaes- chel, Anton Foders, Louis Lerner, Alex Heisterkamp, Carl Ortland, Rose Baron, Louis Landy, Anton Keppel, Lena Chernenko and Joseph Cohen. $1,000 CHECKS COMING TO AID OF RUHR MINERS Relief Committee Gets Good Response The national office of Committee for International Workers’ Aid has sent out a wire to all local secretaries in the different cities calling in all re- funds to be used for a second remit- tance for the 600,000 locked-out Ger- man miners and their families who are face to face with starvation. The first response is $1,000 re- ceived from the Philadelphia local and word received from the San Francisco local secretary says that $1,000 is on the way. The committee for International Workers’ Aid is mobilizing all its forces in order to rush help to the fir- NEW YORK, June 2—The execu- tive council of the newly formed Unit- ed Farmer-Labor Party of New York elected James Campbell of Buffalo, as state chairman and Juliet Stuart Poyntz as state secretary, New York's answer to LaFollette’s statement is a larger delegation to the St. Paul convention with instruc- tions to organize a class mass party in the United States for the coming presIdential elections. The following organizations have al- ready elected their delegates to the St. Paul convention: The Federated Farmer-Labor Party of New’ York; The Hungarian Benefit Society; Bak- ers’ Local No. 1; The United Farmer- Labor Party of New York; Window Cleaners’ Protective Union No, 8; Bakers’ Local Union No. 164; The United Council of Workingclass Wo- men; Bakers’ Local Union No. 22; The Bohemian Trades’ Council; Suit Case, Bag and Portfolio Makers’ Un- fon; Paper Plate and Bag Makers’ Local Union No. 107, and the Milk Drivers’ Local Union No. 584, A. F. of L. A special conference of New York branches of the Workmen's Circle has been called in order to elect a num- ber of delegates representing all the branches. The Independent W. C. branches are also calling a conference of many New York ches to send a delegate to St, Paul. Sond In that Subsoription Today! ing line in the Ruhr where the miners are fighting against the general attack of the bosses. The first individual contribution of $10 came in yesterday and, it is hoped that more will come pouring in, and that more bills will be sent for the fighting Ruhr miners and their fami- lies. Contributions are to be sent to the Committee for International Work- ers’ Aid, 18 South Lincoln St., Chica- 60, Ill. Washington English Branch Boosts the Daily Worker Sales By I. R. VINE. (Special to The Daily Worker) WASHINGTON, D. C., June 2— A successful meeting of the English branch was held at the Labor Lyce- um. J. Brahear, who came from the United Mine Workers’ union, deliver- ed a comprehensive address on the mining industry of America. TT. P, Avant spoke on the cotton industry of the south. Secretary S. R. Pearlman pointed out that our membership has tripled in the last three months. Several comrades volunteered to distribute back numbers of the DAI- LY WORKER; sell current copies on the streets of Washington and en- deavor to have the DAILY WORKER placed upon local news stands, Page’ Three APPALLING FACTS . OF NEW ENGLAND POVERTY BARED Most Workers Paid Less Than $25 Weekly a By SCOTT NEARING. The wages of 700,000 Massachusetts workers form the subject of a recent study by the state bureau of labor sta- tistics, These figures are taken from the payrolls of the employers in manu- facturing industries and cover 1922, They are compiled separately for men and women, and are classified accord- ing to the amount of the wages. There were 464,329 men working in the manufacturing industries of the state in 1922. Among these 5 per cent received less than $15 per week. The figures for the other groups are: $15 but under $25, 218,018 men or 47 per cent; $25 but under $35, 148,761, or 32 per cent of the men; $36 but under $45, 58,363 men, or 12 per cent of the total. Among the entire group of nearly half a million, there were only 18,976 who received more than $45 per week, ‘that is 1 in 25 of the male wage-earm jers in manufacturers. Less Than $25, ” More than half of all the menare- ceived less than $25 per week. More than four-fifths of them received less’ than $35 per week. Among the 206,088 women the weg 8 were very much lower. Two-per, cent of them received less than $10; @ week. There were 59,280 (20 per cent) whose wages fell between $10 and $15; 82,531 (40 per cent) whose wages were between $15 and $20; 4p) 787 (20 per cent), whose wages were from $20 to §25 and only 19882 (9 per cent) whose wages’ were.more than $25 per week. ‘There is no way of reachingssherp- ly defined conclusions, but if $20 g week is a living wage for a single wo-' Man, and if $40 a week is a living wage for a man, then about seven-tenths of the women and about — nine-tenths of the men engaged as wage earners in the manufacturing in- dustries of Massachusetts receive less than those amounts. It is a tragic picture for “the ri¢h- est country in the world.” Send In that Subscription Today! CARNEY SEES KLUX MENACE UNDER NIGHTIES: Fighting Editor Lifts Mystery Veil SAN FRANCISCO, June 2.— Local school children are to be given the opportunity of earning $100 if they can prove that Communism is a menace to America, according to an announcement made by the American Legion and given considerable jad- vertising by reactionary labor jour nals. Thruout the state there is evidence that a change is required. Lovesick women are shooting passive males, Women without lovers are parading in their nighties. Of course, they claim that they are attending Klan meetings. One local wit. after he heard the story, replied, “Now I'll tell one.” All visitors coming West are warned that if they decide to live i& Los Angeles that all those not buying real estate within their first twe months of residence are lable to be charged with attempting to over throw the state by force. There is a slump in real estate. Building la borers are being advised to go Hast, even their officials join in the chorus. In Los Angeles county jail there are half a dozen waiting to be tried for murder. Daily San Quentin is being filled with wobblies. If @ wobbly looks at a cow or can of,con- densed milk it is enough to convict him of being responsible for the spread of foot and mouth disease. Many of the out-of-works are being effected by the senatorial investiga- tions, One man walked into a Los Angeles bank, took $1,000, and then walked out without even signing a receipt for it. Seattle Man Urges Municipally Owned Power Systems WASHINGTON, June 2.—J, D, Ross, manager of Seattle's municipal hydro- electric plant, told the Senate commit tee hearing testimony on Muscle Shoals that municipal ownership and distribution of hydro-electric power is sweeping the west because of its great economic advantage, and that it is soon to capture the east. Incidentally he said Los Angeles paid far too much for the distributing system taken over from the Edison concern, and that Seattle, gagged by a flu epidemic against holding meet- ings, paid $15,000,000 for a Stone & Webster street railway system that had been previously offered for $6,- 000,000, Even so, he said, the elty will make it a go. He urged rural sale of power from munteipal plants, a