The Daily Worker Newspaper, January 29, 1924, Page 2

Page Two =} THE DAILY WORKER OPEN SHOP DRIVE OF BOSSES IN N.Y, COLLAPSES Probe Boomerang Hits Employers’ Combine By FREDERICK KUH (Staff Correspondent of the Federated Press) NEW YORK. The latest anti- labor offensive of New York employ- ers has collapsed. The investigation bomb which was to rip the roof from the state labor denartment, has Proved a squib. Strutting on the Stage last week with grave charges of waste and political favoritism against the labor department, the Associated Industries have withdrawn publically and officially their accusa- tions, half-mumbled an apology and retreated hastily in the hope of avoiding an inquiry into their own intrigues. As anticipated by The Federated Press, the tables were completely turned against the manufacturers ‘who fear lest their rout at the Amnds Miners’ Delegates Hear ‘Bill’|BRITISH- U.S, Foster Reply to John Lewis (Special to The Daily Worker) INDIANAPOLIS, Ind.—William Z. Foster, Secretary of the Trade Union Educational League and member of the execu- tive committee of the Workers Party, in a speech delivered here MACHINISTS IK GARD DISPUTE to an ‘audience of miners’ delegates and a small army of uni-| Try to Get Immigrants formed policemen replied to the attacks made on him and the} progressive wing of the trade union movement in America by | John L. Lewis and the reactionary officialdom of the United of the department should wind up with an exposure of the Albany lobby, kept by the forces of reaction in New York. The State Federation of Labor is pressing for a probe of the association. When the public hearing before Governor Smith opened, officers and directors of the Associated Industries went on the stand to testify that they know nothing of the conditions of which they complained and that they acted merely upon the unverified statements of their secretary amd “lobby artist,’ Mark A, Daly. i Daly admitted his responsibility for the charges but failed to substantiate a single one. He refused to dis- close the name of the misinformant from whom he had received his frau- dulent facts, The thirty business men, sum- moned to explain their charges, passed the buck to Daly and main- tained an embarrassed: silence thru- out the proceedings. Their counsel, Sutherland, asked that the complaints ef improper administration of the state fund and maladministration of the workmen’s compensation law be -stricken from the records. The employers, loath to speak, con- fessed their charges to be unfounded. Several even forgot themselves so far as to praise the work of State Industrial Commissioner Bernard L. Shientag, against whom their attack had been directed. When the employers’ attorney, Sutherland, asked permission to in- spect labor department records, Gov- ernor Smith informed him that he should have investigated before pre- ferring charges against the depart- ment. “You've pulled a_ boner,” Sutherland was told. “Why not ad- ” coger eR arian : During the continued hearing, the governor will inquire into the em- ployers’ opposition to a bill which would reduce non-compensated time in case of workers’ illness or injury from 14 to 7 days. pea A group of legislators is insisting that a committee be appointed to shed light upon the Associated In- dustries’ lobby and its influence in hampering reform and labor legisla- tion. Even the conservative New York press recognizes the collapse and humiliation of the employers’ cam- paign. ! Tomlinson Hall \ with a smiling, Mine Workers of America. Several capitalist reporters were present and one of them remarked that Foster’s clear ‘logical speech, t! hat .appealed to the intelligence and not to the emotions of his hearers, was in striking contrast to the hokum pedd'ed by A coal digger sitting near the writer remarked to another miner, “They say Foster is out to disrupt the unions. Do you thir.k if he was they would have the police watching for him to put him in jail? No, they would give hima fat salary.” His comrade agreed. A reporter remarked to another, “He certainly knows what he is talking about.” At the conclusion of his speech Foster paid a tribute to Nicolai Le- nin, the great leader of the Russian revolution, and the audience unani- mously passed a resolution regret- ting hig death, “The miners,” said Foster, “were the leaders of the American labor movement but some of the actions of this convention would leave a blot on the banner of the miners’ union. While the British workers had pro- gressed far enough to assume the reins of government, the workers here in America had no representa- tion in congress except a few union card men elected on the democrat or republican tickets, who were often- times more reactionary than the out and out capitalist representatives, “While John L. Lewis and his co- horts were waving the red flag in and chanting a hymn of hate against Moscow and the Russian workers the very first act of the Labor government ‘in En- gland was to recognize the Soviet government and send an ambassador to Moscow. “Yet the miners’ convention, under the influence of John L. Lewis, passed a caricature of the real thing | and then sent a cablegram of greet- ings to the British Labor Party for doing something they themselves were opposed to, “Amalgamation,” declared Foster, “means industrial unionism, and tho , the United Mine Workers of America owes its present pre-eminent posi- tion principally to the fact that it is industrially organized, the conven tion passed a resolution which up- holds the Gompers’ dogma of craft unionism, “The progressive workers in the other unions will not thank the min- ers for this,” said Foster. Many of the delegates who saw Foster for the first time were sur- prised to see a mild mannered man face who immensely jf the witty remarks enjoyed some 3 his lips every once that fell from John L. Lewis and William Green at the miners’ convention. scussed the labor party issue, amalgamation and the recogni- i a in masterly style and the presence of the police seemed to lend vigor to his delivery. and a while. “Hell, he looks: all right to me,” declared one stalwart coal digger, “and by J— he has the real dope.” “Why did not John L. Lewis or- ganize the unorganized territory in- stead of pouring scores of organizers into Hlineis and other sections that were 100 ver cent organized?” asked Foster. Then he answered the ques- tion. “Because he was fighting Frank Farrington. He wanted to burst Parrington’s machine. Now they have made up after both called each other thieves, Lewis also’ sent his payroll army into Brophy’s district while the Tennessee, Colorado, and other coal regions are left outside the union, “The resolution that was passed by the convention on the recognition of Soviet Russia was a disgrace. It could be passed in the United States Senate and even Charles Evans Hughes would vote for it. While Borah and_ other mild progressives are standing for unconditional rec- ognition of the Soviet Republic what a disgrace to see the United Mine Workers of America, the leading bat- | talion of the American army of la- | borers, worrying over the payment of Wall Street’s debts, the money | that was lent by Morgan to the czar of Russia to crush the Russian peo- | The speaker explained the atti- | tude of the Trade Union Educational | League on dual unionism. “When the | miners threatened to split over their treatment in the Somerset coke re- gion, it was the progressive“ wing of the union and Tom Myerscough, Bill Guiler, Joe Manley and others | that prevented the secession. And | when Rinaldo Capellini gets up on | that convention floor and attacks Joe |Manley by intimation he attacked | man whose shoes the contemptible ; renegade and traitor is unworthy to } clean.” The mention of Capellini’s | mame was greeted with boos. Foster paid_a tribute to Alexan- der Howat. He gave Howat credit for kiling the Kansas Industrial Court and for doing more for the miners and all American labor when, he did that than any other labor leader in this generation. The pro- gressives should band together, Fos- ter concluded, and fight for progres- sive measures and clean out the re- actionaries. Strikers Reject Compromise Plan of Barney Myers FORT DODGE LABOR Convict Alabama Militiaman for Marder of Miner HAMILTON, Ala.—Robert L. Lan- caster, sergeant in the Alabama Na- tional Guard, was today convicted of second degree murder in the lynch- ing of William Baird, union miner. It carried a penalty of eighteen years imprisonment. Conviction of Lancaster means that seven other guardsmen, accused of complicity in the lynching, will now go to trial on the same charge. Baird, a union miner, was taken from jail at Jasper, Ala., on Jan. 18, 1921, by masked men and shot to death. He had been arrested for killing a guardsman who had pre- viously kifled Baird’s father-in-law, Jesse Northeutt. Work Daily for “The Daily!” ummm meat 98 ANNA MRR Philippine Labor Leader to Speak From Platform With Ruthenberg Voices of Philippine and Ameri- Hall, Milwaukee and Ashland Ave- nues, with C. E. Ruthenberg, Jay Lovestone and Tom O'Flaherty, “Freedom for the Philippines,” will LISTS NON-UNION PLASTER PRODUCT (Special to The Daily Werker) GREENSBURGH, Pa. — Barney Myers, chairman of the strike com- mittee for the Kelly and Jones com- pany plant, was unable to rsuade the rank and file to accept settle- (By The Federated Press) ment pian at a meeting in Odd Fel- FORT DODGE, Ia.—The Trades & lows’ Hall, and the 1,400 men who|Labor assembly has sent the follow- have been on strike for eight weeks|ing circular to all central bodies af- against a 10 per cent cut will con-|filiated with the American Federation tinue to stay out. of Labor and to The Federated Press The Myers’ plan was for the ap- wri DAILY WORKER for publica- ent of a new committee of 12) tion: pari would be empowered to make} “The U. S. Gypsum Co., the Cardiff an authoritative settlement. It was re-| Gypsum Co., the Western Gypsum jected hecause the strikers feared a Co., the American Gypsum Co., and cut Sekt be accepted. The new com-| the Universal Gypsum Co., who man- mittee, which has taken an uncom-|ufacture Universal Hair Fiberea promising stand, will be retained. Plaster, Plymouth Cement Plaster This is the second strike the Kelly |fibered, Plymouth Cement Plaster and Jones workers have conducted] fibered, Plymouth Wood Fiber Plas- during the last year. The men are| ter, Plymouth Stucco, Plymouth not organized in any union. big Plaster, Plymouth Weed Greensburgh is the capital of the| Fiber No, 20, Acolite rane 7 noterious scab county of Westmore- | Blaster, Reground lang rig cosa land, the only bituminous mining oma go ge — Plaster community in Pennsylvania which fibered, 1 eA | 4 fair aster kept up a fifty ver cent and more av- Double Fibered, and unfair to organ- erage of production during the. 1922 ized labor. strike. “All these companies operate gyp- sum mines and mills in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, and started an open shop fight against local unions of the Intl. Union of Mine & Smeiter Workers July 1, 1921, At this time the Universal Gypsum Co, and other companies refused to work union men and are running nonunion mills. We ask your co-operation in advertising the fact that these corporations are unfair to the Intl. Union of Mine, The Land for the Users! Mill & Smelter Workers and the can labor will be raised together Fri- strike of the Cypsum Mine, Mill & day eveni February 1, when the Smelter Workers is indorsed by the Hon. Pedro Guevera, speaks from Fort Dodge Trades and Labor assem- rs bly.” same platform at Schoenhofen’s Morgan Buys Oil Stock NEW_ YORK — President Marland of the Marland Oil company an- nounced the company has sold to J. P. Morgan and company 300,000 shares Into American Unions (By The Federated Press.) LONDON.—British machinists go- by their organization to transfer to! join the International Association of Machinists. If they do not sign up with the American union voluntarily. there is no way of forcing them to do| so, altho efforts are frequently made} by their old organization to put them! in touch with the American officials. | This is the answer to General Sec- rete 4, 7, C-.-threst, Amaleamated Engineering union, to the charge made by an American union official and published recently in The Fed- erated Press that the British union is, hot co-operating with the American union in getting its members to trans- fer and to stay organized when they cross the Atlantic. The American official was E. J. Lever, business representative, dis- trict lodge No. 1, International Asso- ciation of Machinists, with offices at Philadelphia. Lever had pointed out that by agreement the British organ- ization had shut down its branches in the United States and Canada while the American union was permitting all British members entering or resi- dent in America to transfer their membership without charge. Lever said the Britishers neglected to trans- fer and were depressing wages in America by working in unorganized shops at wages far below the union scale, ee oe, Lever Repeats Charge. PHILADELPHIA.—Repeating his charges: in stronger terms, E. J. Lever, local business representative, International Association of Machin- ists, brands the statement of the Bri- tish Amalgamated Engineering union as an evasion and denial of facts “Our definite charge against the A. E U.,” Lever says, “is that they do not definitely instruct their immi- grant members where and how to find the office of the nearest metal trades unions on their arrival in the United States. The men should have that information but they are not given it when they leave England. It is ap- parently common practice among branch secretaries of the A. E. U. to brush aside requests from members for this necessary information with the remark that ‘there isn’t much to join in America in the way of metal trades unions.’ No wonder the A. E. U, members refuse to transfer here upon their arrival. “The Philadelphia office. has -cor- responded for over a year with the British headquarters on this point without results. The British official: seem to persist in their non-cooperat- ing policy for the sake of the small pension assessments that flow into their treasury from their members in America who do not transfer.” UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS HALT GHINA-RUSSIAN PACT (Special to The Daily Worker) PEKIN.—The United States and other great powers, unofficially but no less effectively, are blocking the recognition of Russia by China. For- mal protests have not been made but the Chinese regime has been given to understand that it will find itself in more trouble than it is at present if de facto recognition is extended to the Soviet government, according to statements made by both Chinese and Russian spokesmen. This attitude of the United States and other powers is an open secret here and one foreign minister quite frankly stated that he had made this clear to the Chinese government. bo ition to the recognition of the et government China is due to two facts. The first is that as Soon ag on bs had bagel ghee government take over and op- erate the Chinese Eastern Railway. The great powers feel that this id Borah Gets Good Laugh From Hughes; Cites Wholesale Lies WASHINGTON—Senator Borah is astonished and moved to laughter, that Secretary Hughes has been “imposed upon” so easily by the anti- Russian propagandists, with their “red plot” story and their garbled ver- sion of an editorial published 14 months ago in Moscow, He wonders at the lack of basis for Hughes’ action in so serious a matter as our rela- tions with the people of Russia. Remarking that he has reviewed the American press for the past week and found at least 40 items published from Riga and other points outside, relating to Russian affairs, which afterward were acknowledged to be false, he said that an unprecedented amount of “wholesale lying” about Russia had recently been going on. Wants Facts i a He declared that newepaper correspondents in Moscow had shown by ing to America cannot be compelled) their own testimony that the Third International cannot in any sense be considered as speaking for or directing the polisy. of the Russian govern- nin ment. furnish facts, and if the senate for- eign relations committee fails to af- ford an adequate investigation, he will insist that his committee on education and labor take us the issue. *,. -MGuk oe Rosta Issues Statement NEW YORK — The Russian Tele- graph Agency, New York office, re- sponding to queries regarding the controversy as to the connection be- tween the Russian government and the Third International—injected by Secretary of State Hughes into the question of Russian recognition— cited the statement to the Italian gov-~ ernment made Feb. 27 last by Verov- sky, late Russian trade representa- tive in Italy, saying that the two were “not united by any bond or any engagement,” and reading as follows: Communist Party Independent “With regard to the Communist! International, which is a_ political association having its central offices in Moscow, it constitutes an organ- ization completely independent of the Russian government, which is not united to it by any bond or any engagement. In its activities, and those for which it is responsible, it is limited by the common law of the republic. This organization in its public declarations expresses solely its own point of view; the soviet government is in no way responsible for the declarations and the actions of this organization, just as no other government is responsible for the actions of political parties working on its territory in conformity with Moreover, it was quite clear that Le! that international revolution was now had discouraged the notion possible. The state department must its laws,” The N, Y. Times lost no time in getting a “translation” of the alleged offending. Steklof acticle which is said to have appeared in the Nov. 7, 1922, issue of Iavestia, on the occa- sion of the opening of the fourth congress of the International and celebration of the fifth anniversary of the Russian republic, in which Steklof is reported to have referred to the “bond” between the two. No Proof, Says World In connection with the U. S. state department’s statement issued with a translation of the same article, The World, however, calls upon Hughes to return to his original charge of alleged revolutionary “in- structions” to the Workers Party of America, and the real issue involved. It says that what Hughes is called upon to prove is whether the Russian government “is now engaged or has within any reasonable time been en- gaged in promoting revolution in the United States,” “That is what the Zinoviey document, issued the other day by the state department, was supposed to prove,” says The World editorially. ¢ document is un- convincing because it is not yet cer- tain that it is genuine, ... The com- bined assurances of Mr. Hughes, Mr. Daugherty, and Mr. William J. Burns do not, without further corrobora- tion, prove the genuineness or the significance of the Zinoviev instruc- tions to the Workers Party of Amer- ica. That proof has still to be fur- nished the American people.” GAS EXPLOSION KILLS 15 INTWO- FAMILY COTTAGE Blast in Pennsylvania Claims Five More up today showed 15 per- sons were Filled in a gas explosion which destroyed a two-family cottage in Manville, near here. The police report said a daughter PAWTUCKET, R. I—A final po- ice check~ of Michael Conway was awakened | jn capital circles t! s and called her} tion will be more cautious than be- The} fore in its pronunciamentoes against by an odor of mother, who lighted a lamp. explosion followed, wrecking the house, The bod; in the cellar. BRITISH-RUSSIAN PACT MAY MODIFY COOLIDGE POLICY President Waits Out- come of Borah Probe (a te The Daily Worker) WASHINGTON— Recognition of Soviet Russia by Premier MacDon- ald’s labor government will have no direct effect on the Lie of Presi- dent Coolidge, a spokesman for. the president declared, but it is believed hat the administra- the soviets, Recognition by the British govern- of Conway was found) ment means that the most powerful It was not known|nation outside of the United States whether he was killed by the exple-/has shaken hands with the Soviet sion or had gotten up earlier and Government, it was pointed out, was overcome while searching for President Coolidge’s spokesman the leak. says the White House is waiting for the evidence that will be revealed by Gas Blast Kills Five. the coming hearings before the senate FARRELL, Pa—Five persons were|committee headed by Senator Borah, burned to death and fite injured,|before a fuller statement of policy one probably fatally, when fire|is made. i caused by gas explosions destroyed| The Idaho senator is frankly grati- four houses here Sunday morning.|fied by the action taken in Downing INDIANAPOLIS, Ind—The fol- lowing resolution on the death’ of Nicolai Lenin were passed unani- mously last night by a mass meeting of delegates to the convention of the United Mine Workers here: WHEREAS: within the past few heard for more than two miles. “Tt is a statesmanlike and cour- ageous thing to do,” he declared. * Miner Delegates ‘new moral and spiritual regime. Pointing out that the loss of life ‘in inthrnational affairs,” the senator concluded. as all such programs, it is also a good business proposition.” endanger their claims against and interest in the railway and would seriously damage their prestige in China, The second reason is a matter of class and tel opie jealousy, Other ers mere! y maintain foreign min- isters at Pekin, but it is known that if Russia is recognized she will send an ambassador who would id zeae Latin of ti sarees iplomatic corps—the real governing body in China so far as important matters are concerned, America is the country held most to blame by the Russians for the delay in recognition, Soviet spokesmen claim that in the speech made by Jacob Sthurmat, American minister to China, on the Chinese railway situation at Harbin last September he interfered in an unwarranted manner with Russian “dt marks a distinct break with the ‘ . in Mass Meeting since the war has been almost as “The premier of England is lead- Call Ford to Washington. days the world has been shocked to ar of the death of Nicolai Lenin, The blasts rocked houses for several, street, in favor of the Moscow ad- bitterness, the hatred and the intol- * Mourn for Lenin great as during the war, because of ing a way from these policies. It is WASHINGTON.—The house mili- Premier of Soviet Russia and one blocks, destroyed windows, and were ministration. erance of war times. It points to a (“narrow, bigoted, vindictive policies ® humane and wise program. And, tary affairs committee today asked of the test political figures in | Hi Ford to appear before it on history bad Monday or Tuesday regarding his WHEREAS: Lenin, thra his | offer for Muscle Shoals, clear understanding of capitalist society, found militancy, and his wi ¢ loyalty to the toil- ing masses, has contributed enor- mously to the foundation of the world’s first Government by the workers, and WEREAS: in common with pro- gressive workers all over the world, we feel the loss to our cause dicuth of this great leader; fore be it RESOLVED: that this mass meeting of delegates to the Con- vention of the United Mine Work- ers of America express our sorrow NEW LENIN Lenin is a picture of Reproduction of oil paintiniz 11x14 inches BURNS’ AGENC GETS MARINES AT $7 PER DAY Navy Dept. Starts Inves- tigation of Practice WASHINGTON, Jan. 27.— Employment of United States marines by the Burns detective agency in direct violation of naval regulations is being in- vestigated under personal su- pervision of assistant secretary of the navy Roosevelt. The investigation followed arrest of ten marines by Mary- land police after they had ejected drivers of eight Wash- ington taxi-cabs, at a lonely spot in Maryland and had driven off with the cabs. Roosevelt assigned Captain John Hi. Craige of the marine corps to in- vestigate the marines story that they were hired by the local officers of Burns Detective Agency and that they then obtained two days’ leave, hired taxicabs and ordered the driv- ers to go to Marlboro, Md. Under Burns’ Direction. Naval regulations specifically pro- hibit granting of leave to any en- listed men to engage in any work, for money, which civilians ordinarily perform. The marines, when captured, said the local Burns office directed them to have the cabs driven into Mary- land, so that they could be seized to satisfy writs of attachment which could not be served in the District of Columbia, “Bill” Burns Innocent As Usual. D. C. Henderson, head of the local Burns office, today admitted hiring the marines, not only for this pur- pose, but for other work. Anderson said he paid the marines $7 a day and expenses. W. J, Burns, head of the .Depart- ment of Justice Investigation Bureau, said today he knew nothing of the | matter, as he had severed connection with the detective agency, which he founded, turning it over to his sons when he entered the government's ‘service, ESTHONIA IN GRIP OF BIG INDUSTRIAL CRISIS, MARK SINKS REVAL, Esthonia.—The little re- public of Esthonia is in the throes of a severe industridi crisis. The Esthonian mark is sinking in value. There is a scarcity of ready cash. Many banks are compelled to shut down on credits extended, One of the things that has hit Esthonian financial life hardest is the fact that the government hag is- sued am order, similar to that. in Germany, by which banks may only sell foreien exchange at the official rate fixed by the government. Firms having payments to make to foreign manufacturers are unable to secure the necessary foreign exchange. A further factor is that certain farmers are sabotaging production, The harvest has been particularly poor and Esthonia must import grain from abroad. As in other countries many Jm- porters here profited by the catas- trophe of the German mark before its stabilization and brourht large stocks of German supplies. They now find that they are glutted with their wares, Hence many firms are going bankrupt, while home manu- factures are being curtailed and the workers thrown upon the streets in large numbers. The big cotton spin- ning mills of Reval are working only - four days a week. Hand in hand with the deprecia- tion of the Esthonian mark and the curtailment of production, goes an alarming rise in the cost of living. Work Daily for “The Daily!” Automobiles Kill 15,000. Fifteen thousand persons were killed in automobile accidents in 1923, the National Safety Council reported today. This figure exceeds the 1922 figure by about 1,000, the council stated, Get unity thru the Labor Party! PORTRAITS yet he lives in the minds of millions. Place loved leader of the worlds workers on the walls of your home. of Lenin, by Chaffran, LURLA Are liom,, fr Mted seccicecscrsisenscsecshsseseorecensonsonse” Watercolor photograph, framed, ready to hang, Colored etching, on heavy artistic card, an excel- Ul be the subject. Guevera was the of nh stock, be fo) ee 4 and Chinese affairs. The speech pled by Pips fal operpe be lent portrait, 11X14 inches... erence coseennenneeenee Gh ’ in; “in return for hi 1 push onwa ie at task * founder of the seamen’) inn i ee any ee Aderemiar op) tnde, with the full knowledge. end) push onward with the great task of BUST OF LENIN ’ given, An option to the same fires 66 pha ent. class. bas By the famous sculptress Clare ae” each. rom the. Paine ‘Marland: sald: 1 is, undératond. the tence W. than three hundred delegates iy perth Pend ora . nm to Death. hundred di and delegates to congress. option ‘senate AAGOOE chanex ATLANTAY Gerrhire, tae Hughia| seas eddsendad by cossbere inte tata ot thractive celluloid portrait pins, each....... The Philippine visitor is conducting was sentenced to be executed! the achievements of Leni and the Bov- a vigorous campai, mi con- gress carry out the promise made 20 years ago that the islands should have national independence. He is parti- cularly interested in refuting the propaganda which General Leonard Wood is sponsoring regarding the ability of the islanders to govern themselves, Liberal Reductions Allowed on Lot Orders (Postage and express extra) Place your order at once thru either of these distributors Jimmie Higgins Book Shop Novy Mir Book Store “427 159 East 7th St. NEW cr .NEW YORK CITY t March 14, for the murder of her| ict mother-in-law, Sentence was pro-|head. . atte: phe ay AS ae et Watch the “Dail: ker” fi in superior “Dai ‘or! ia the yo 4 of UAT Week the found the yeahs woman guilty of|first instalment first d . t f the Russian murder in jegree, ce oi Fe Bebb. Hk bored Don’t be a “Yes, But,” supporter of Iury Libedinsky, It will start soon. weeks wi Dy [ee ee ago at a primary for ae pre rnfhoe maaipiern. ol For Recognition of Seviet Russia! ' 4 \ \ More Trouble for Klansmen. NEW ORLEANS.—J. Fred Car- penter, klan sheriff of Morehouse parish, scene of the klan atrocities of a year and a half ago, is short in his accounts as tax collector. He ent of which he was the PEDRO GUEVERA