The Daily Alaska empire Newspaper, August 11, 1945, Page 1

o~ O“’O ¥ HE DAILY ALASKA EMPIRI “ALL THE NEWS ALL THE TIME” —— .. - VOL. LXV., NO. 10,037 JUNEAU, ALASKA, SATURDAY, AUGUST | 1, 1945 CONDITIONAL GAINING IN MANCHURIA 550 Milesgfiarate Two Armies of Soviet Union Today By Eddie Gilmore MOSCOW, Aug. 11 — Only 550 miles separated the tips of two huge Red Army columns striking from west and east across the heart of Manchuria today. Smashing forward along the axis of the Chinese Eastern Railway, which cuts across the country from southeast to northwest, the Rus- slans were threatening to cut off all the Japanese troops north of that communications artery in the swiftest conquest ever witnessed in that ancient battleground of East Asia. No abatement in the furious drive by tanks, cavalry and in- fantry marked the peace offers from Tokyo. The tip of the westen pincer, which tore ahead for 106 miles yesterday, approached Putela Pass, 4,000-foot passage through the great Kingan range, after captur- ing the highly-important railway town and base of Hulun (Hailar). This force was driving toward Har- bin, in the center of the country. "The tip of the eastern pincer edged up the Wan Mountains in the region of Muling, between Har- bin and Viadivostok, the Russian base on’ the Sea of Japan. Muling is 200 miles east of Harbin and 30 miles inside the Manchurian frontier. The western prong actually had two vanguards, with the southern aymy moving south of Hulun and edging up to Khalinar Pass. Moreover, the Mongolian Peoples Republic, Soviet Russia's protec- torate in Outer Mongolia, had en- tered the war against Japan, and another operation loomed against the Japanese — an invasion by famed Mongolian cavalry units down the historic caravan route from Ulan Bator through Inner Mongolia to Peiping, former capital of China. The ;Jashington Merry - Go-Round By DRFW PEARSON L. Col. Robert B. Allen uww on active service with the Army.) WASHINGTON — Some of the important things really happening at Potsdam but discreetly omitted from the communique have nQw leaked out. Two of them concerned the keep- ing of Allied troops in occupied Europe this winter, and the intri- tate problem of setting up real democracy in the Balkans and gouthern Europe. They caused some near cat-and-dog fights. and ended in deadlocks. Biggest fight at. Potsdam was over the proposal to withdraw Al- led troops from a large part of occupied Europe before winter. This was quietly put forward by Presi- dent Truman, but met with cool feception from Churchill. Stalin was even chillier. f.Truman was . referring, not to Germany, but to the various satel- lite A%is countries which never got ihto the war with any enthusiasm, plus some of the Allled countries which never wanted to get into the war at all. The President pointed out 'that the withdrawal of Allied troops from 'the Balkans would clear the atmosphere and improve all-around relations. (Russian troops are in Rumania, Hungary and Bulgaria, which actively fought on Hitler'’s side, while British troops are in Greece and to some extent in Yugoslavia, both bitterly fighting Hitler. * % & CHURCHILL SAYS NO When Truman proposed that British troops withdraw completely from Yugoslavia and Greece (the British have as many troops in Greece as the Germans once did.) Churchill bluntly said no. However, Churchill did consent, after considerable argument by Truman, to withdraw most Ameri- (Continued on Page Four) Sets Off Celebration In All Allied Nations \TAKING NO CHANCEON JAPANESE U. S. Forces in Pacific to Fight Right Up fo Surfflder GUAM, Aug..11.—Allied forces in the Pacific will continue the attack right up to the Japanese surrender and then will stand guard against now Japanese “treachery,’ Admiral Nimitz said today. “Unless otherwise specifically di- rected,” by the high command, of- fensive action in the vast Pacific Ocean areas will continue, Nimitz said in a statement which warned that vigilance against further enemy attacks and “treachery” should be exercised even in the event of a complete surrender. The statement was issued at the close of a day in which both the Superfortresses of the Strategic Alr Forces and the carrier planes of the Pacific Fleet were inactive. Earlier, however, the Navy had sald that the fact Admiral Halsey was not striking |- with his powerful Third Fleet was according to previously land opera- tional plans. General Spaatz simply announced “B-29s are not flying today.” The decision to keep up the of- fensive against Japan, unless count- ermanded by higher authority, promised new blows would be de- livered to the Japanese homeland by | the powerful carrier force which presumably is cruising in Japanese home waters and by the Super- fortresses. In what may prove to have been the last naval strike of this war, Admiral Halsey's carrier piots of Task Force 38 destroyed or dam- aged at least 523 Japanese planes in successive day-long sweeps over northern Honshu Thursday and Fri- day, raising their July-August total to more than 1,800. MacARTHUR IS CHEERED IN MANILA MANILA, Aug. 11.—General Mec- Arthur, assigned the role of leading the U. S. Army against Japan, told cheering service men and women today he hoped “this is the end of the war” — but his headquarters promptly announced ths war goes on.and the Far East Air Forces keep right on flying. Headquarters soberly emphasizes scheduled missions are being carried out by FEAF, which recently began pounding southern Japan from bases on Okinawa. “I hope from the boftom of my heart that this is the end of the war,” the five-star general said from the balcony of his office to soldiers and WACs who had been celebrating | in the streets the news Japan has offered to' surrender. “If it is, it is due largely to your own splendid efforts. Very shortly, I hope, we will all be going home.” In the Sierra Madre Mountains of north Luzon with U. 8. 38th Division troops engaged in mopping up, As- sociated Press correspondent James Hutcheson said at least one unit| commander cautioned leaders of patrols not to be aggressive. The leader pointed out loss of American lives might result as a time when peace may be nzar. ———————— — MRS. DILG BACK FROM TRIP SOUTH Mrs. Clara Dilg, Territorial De- partment of Health Accountant, has returned from a vacation trip to the States where she visited California, Oregon and Washington. (By Associated Press) A mighty flood of jubilation boiled up throughout the allied world yesterday with the news that Japan had offered to surren- | der. While caution checked celebra- tions in the United States, rockets roared skyward from far Pacific bases and American soldiers, with- out waiting for an official end to hostilities, surged through the streets of London, cheering crd singing. Firecrackers exploded the length and breadth of Free China, and the canyon-like streets of Chungking were jammed with men, women and children yelling their delight at the imminent end of the “dwarf devils’'” aggression. Bombed and enslaved, slapped and bayoneted for eight years— longer than any other people at war with Japan—the Chinese re- leased their long-dammed emotion lwlth a roar of joy that was close to national ecstasy. America watched and waited. Bursts of torn paper fluttered from New York's skyscrapers and troops returning from Europe set up a jubilant din when they heard the report that led them to believe they might be going home instead of toward Tokyo. New York's 14,800 policemen were ordered to stand by for a demon- stration far greatér than the one on V-E Day, whenever the actual end of the war should come. Washington was quiet but tension mounted hourly. There was no such calm at Pearl Harbor, scene of the sneak attack that brought the United States into the war. Whistles shrilled at the great base. Honolulu went wild with joy and its Chamber of Comn- merce planned a mammoth cele- bration. Soldiers and WACS —- the latter in bathrobes and wearing curlers—paraded at nearby Hickam Field, where Japanese bombs once rained. Liberated Manila joined in the festivities. Cheering broke out on Guam. Afr raid sirens screamed “all clear” on Okinawa while sol- diers fired guns in the aic and launched “victory” rockets. Londoners joined their GI guests in a spontaneous uproar that over- shadowed even the wild observance of V-E Day. American soidiers kissed all the English girls within reach—and had enthuslastic co- operation. Pubs filled with peopla and quickly were emptied of spirits. Across the English Channe!, France heard the news impassively. Parisians who went mad with joy when Germany surrendered gave yonly a glance to newspaper head- lines telling of Japan’s offer, and American service men, MAGNUSON TALKS 10 TRUMAN ON ALASKA PROJECT | WASHINGTON, Aug. 11.—Demo- cratic Senator Warren Magnuson of Washington State visited with Pres- ident Truman yesterday! Magnuson found the chief executive in accord with his views that immediate action ke taken to plan for the Alaska Highway. The Senator says he will confer Monday with Becretary of State Byrnes on the matter. CONGRESS MAY ' RECONVENE ON SEPTEMBER 4 WASHINGTON, Aug. 11.—Senate (majority leader Barkley of Kentucky 'announced today that Congress “will |likely” be reconvened September 4 to consider five major subjects if the |war ends soon. Barkley made the announcement after conferring with President Tru- !man for an hour and a half at the | was once part of the anciént King- dom of Ulster. , % ignored the occasional cheers from # First Alomié Ta Hiroshima, first enemy city to feel Jhe American atomic bomb, is shown in this view made before the b 318,000 inhabitants was two-thirds destroyed in one blow. MEMBER ASSOCIATED PRESS PRICE TEN CENTS o s NS rgef b was dropped. The city of ATOMBOMB " NO. 2 MORE POWERFUL Observers iay; Blast from| Thursday Raid Far | Greatgr GUAM, Aug. 11.—The world’s seo- | ond atomic bomb, which Thursday was dropped on Nagasaki, was s0 explosive that it immediately rela- | gated to the chsolete the first bomb, | {dropped two days earlier on Hiro- shima, Brig. Gen. Thcmas F. Fe | rell, head of the atomic bomb proj | ect in the Pacific said today. Atomic bomb No. 2 not only was !far more potent, but was easier to | make, Farrell said. He watched both | bombings and said the blast from | the second was far greater. ! Scientists who wert responsible ) | for the manufacture of the bombs | and who saw the fruitition of nearly | four yrars of extensive toil in Santa | Fe, N. M., and Marianas Island lab- oratories, and the crews of the B-29s that dropped the bombs all agreed |that the feat was almost beyond their imaginations. Capt. Kermit K. Beahan, Houston, ‘Tex., bombardier in the plane that bombed Nagasaki, which early re- ports say damaged 30 per cent of | | that city, said his trip was pretty | rough because of bad weather, which | forced his plane to abandon the | primary target after three runs and i to head for Nagasaki as a secondary target. Scientists were elated at the suc- |cess of the atomic bombing. Dr. | C. P. Baker of Ithaca, N. Y., former- ly of the Cornell University staif,l declared: “If this means the end of the war | it is a wonderful realization of the Ework we put in on the project.” i = CHINESE TROOPS REOCCUPY PORT! CHUNGKING, Aug. 11.—Chinese press dispatches said today that the resurgent Chinese armies had re- joccupied tne former treaty port o | Wuchow (Tsangwu) after; retreating Japanese troops withdrew in the direction of Canton, 114 miles to the east. Other Chinese troops, following in the wake of the remnants of the Japanese Third Division, reoccupied Sinyu, 85 miles southwest of Nan- chang, a city of 300,000 and major | objective of the Chinese in that sec- | tor. | GEN, ESENHOWER VSIS MoSCoW | LONDON, Aug. 11.—Reuters, quot- ing an American broadcast from Mcscow, said Gen. Eisenhower was| expected to arrive in the Russian , ohotographs taken ! ing Mrs. M. S. Joergensen, of Seattle, 30 PERCENT DESTROYED Thirteen Imp};'ant Factor- ies Wiped Out by New Bomb .- GUAM, Aug. 11—Thirty percent of Nagasaki, including some of Japan's greatest wartime planes, was ob- literated by the atomic bombing of Thuisday, ths Army Strategic Air Forces announced today. At least 13 impertant factories| vere wiped out or badly damaged and almost all of the Kyushu sea- port’s industrial district was de- siroyed, but the demolition still was considerably less than that in the {irst atomic bomb attack which raz- vd 60 per cent of Hiroshima on Monday. The results were announced by Zeneral Spaatz after experts studied over Nagasaki resterday, 24 hours or more follow- ng the bombing. Prior photographs had showed only a funereal pillar of smoke ringed by fires. The pictures showed a great crat- >r where the bomb struck. Pictures >f Hiroshima showed no crater. The Japanese said that both bombs were dropped by parachite but that the 'ne at Hiroshima exploded in the vir. This might account for the} greater damage done at Hiroshima. Another possibility, suggested by spaatz, was the geography of Naga- saki, whore the 253,000 population live in irregularly-shaped districis! reaching up low valleys from (he sea and aleng the Urakami River Destruction nevertheless was i gantic. Spaatz said in a press re-| lease that the pictures showed .96 of a square mile of the built-up area of the city had been destroyed. This was about 30 per cent of the total built-up area of 3.3 square miles. Damage to war industrirs whicn Spaatz said “played an important part in building the Japanese mili- tary machine” was placed at 20 to 100 per cent. JAP GENERAL'S BODY IS FOUND MANILA, Aug. 11.—The body of Lt. Gen. Sosaka Suzuki, highest ranking Japanese officer known to have been a casualty in the Philip- pines, has been found by American troops, General MacArthurs head- quarters said today. His body was found August 7 near Mount Iuray on Jolo Island, south- west of Mindanao, by troops of the Tenth Corps. > e - MRS. LEIVERS ENTERTAINS Mrs. J. W. Leivers entertained with a dessert bridge last evening at her home on Distin Avenue, honor- | Headquarters | White House. Capital today. ! who is here visiting her mother, Mrs, i s > - ———— Anna Webster, and sister, Mrs. Mae ] Presepit-day Northern Ireland| Metallic cwrrency in China is re- | Hurley. Guests were the numerous stricted almost entirely to pieces of 20 cents or less in value. former resident of Juneau. FULL TEXT OFANSWIER T0 ENEMY ' Reply by Secretary of Stafe * Byrnes fo Japanese Quoted WASHINGTON, Aug. 11-—Follow- ing is the text of the reply of Sec- retary of State Byrnes to Max Grassli, Charge D'Affaires of the Swiss Legation relative to the Japa- nese surrender proposal: “Sir: “I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your note of August 10, and in reply to informy you that the President of the United States has directed me to send to you for transmission by your government to the Japanese Government the following message on behalf of the Government of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and China: “With reply to the Japanesc Gov- ernment’s message accepting the terms of the Potsdam Declaration but containing the statement, ‘with the understanding that the said declaration does not comprise any demand which prejudices the pre- rogatives of His Mafesty as a sov- ereign ruler, our position is as follows: “From the moment of surrender the ruthorlty of the Empero: ant the Japanese Government to rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers who will take sucl steps as he deems proper to effectuate the surrender terms. “The Emperor will be required to authorize and ensure the signature by the Government of Jupan and the Japanese Imperial Cieneral of the swrender terms necessary to carry out the arovisions of the Potsdam Declara- tion, and shall issue his commands to all the Japanese military, naval and air authorities and to all of the forces under their control wherever located to cease active operations and to® surrender their arms, and to issue such other orders as the Supreme Commander may require to give effect tos the surrender terms. “Immediately upon the surrender the Japanese Government shall transport prisoners of war and civillan internees to places of safety, as directed, where they can quickly be placed aboard Allied transports. “The ultimate form of govern- ment of Japan shall, in accordance with the Potsdam Declaration, be established—by the freely expressed will of the Japanese people. “The armed forces of the Allied Powers will remain in Japan until the purposes set forth in the Pots- dam Declaration are achieved. “Accept, sir, the renewed assur- nees of my highest conside:‘ublnn,' “Jamecs F. Byrnes, Sccretary of State.” MARINES OCCUPY 5 MORE ISLAND GUAM, Aug. 11.—The Marines bave taken over five more Marianas Islands after killing 16 Japs and cap- durlng five, the Navy announced to- ay. The American flag was raised and military rule established on the islands of Agrihan, Saragan, Asun- cion, Alamagan and Maug by three Marine companies. They are all in a line directly north of Saipan. American losses were one de; and one wounded, resulting fre Japanese resistance on Maug and Saragan. SAY MINISTER OF WAR AGAINST JAP SURRENDER LONDON, Aug. 11.—The Swiss ra- dio today said that Tokyo broadcasts heard in China sald “a party has ap- peared to oppose Japan's capitula- tion.” The Swiss broadgast, record- ed by the Associated Press, sald the friends of Mrs. Jorgensen, who is a |opposition was headed by the Japa- Will take at last twice that num- nese war minister. ACCEPTANCE-SURREN DER Counter Pfop&sal Is Based On Emperer of a supreme Allied com will of the Japanese peopl surance of a permanent throne—something on w will themselves have the Tckyo. The Allied reply put Tokyo government. to his government. ficially received by the and a possible end of the ing before late Sunday or What Allied ’Iems Mean 'To Emperor Yo ae 5 g— e WASHINGTON, Aug. 11—This Is what the reply of the Big Four | Powers — to the.Japanese offer to surrender — means in effect as far as the Royal House is concerned: 1. Because the emperor is the key figure- in Japan, the Allles will use him in ruling Japan. 2. But this doesn't mean the cmperor can keep his job indefinite- ly. He can keep it until some fu- ture time when the Japanese people can decide whether they want to have an emperor at all. | They'll ke given a chance to vote on it. Do, on oo semneond /ARMY READ | 70 REDUCE SIZE V-DA WASHINGTON, Aug. 11.—The Army has & V-J plan for d2mobfliz- ation, it was learned today. Details are top secret .but informed sourc-s | firure on a reduction ' to 3,000,000 men a year after surrender. Tnformed sources speculated thnt in event of peace current demobiliz- |etion will be stepped up, but that no | wide-scale discharges will take place {vntil the Japanese Lomeland and itand; formerly Japanese-held have :heen occupied. | In otber words, the Army will take no chances on the failure of any belligerent Japanese .to comply with surrender, A Japanese army of pro- bably 2,000,000 will have to be dis- armed in the Japanese home islands alene. | In the meantime, it is probable the Army will make every effort to |velease promptly approximately 550,- 000 men eligible under the point system. Already it has mustered out 250,000 who built up 85 points through combat, long service and dependency. The Army also I8 expected to make a substantial cut in the erit- fcal point score so that possibly 2,000,000 men in all will recelve point cystem discharges. » ‘This would leave a force of about €,000,000. If all goes well in the initial phases of occupying Japa- ncse territory, informed sources be- lieve that half or more of that num- ber could; be discharged within a year. The remainder would form the oc- cupation forces in Germany and Japanese areas, man outpost garri- leons in Alaska and elsewhere, keep the supply chain moving and pro- vide a reserve in this country. At \present the occupation force in | "s Control by Supreme Allied Commander WASHINGTON, Aug. 11.—The Big-Four Allied Pcwers today made a conditional acceptance of Japan’s offer to quit the war—based on retention: of the Emperor’s sovereignty. The two principal conditions of acceptance: The Emperor must subject himself te the orders mander. That a government in Japan be ultimately es- tablished in accordance with “the freely exp e.” This language apparently did not offer any as- continuation of Sun-God hich the Japanese people last say. There is at this time no designated Allies’ supreme commander—mentioned in the reply to the next move up to the The terms acceptable to the Big-Four will be transmitted to Switzerland where they will be handed the Japanese Minister for relay Since transmission is handled by wireless, the surrender conditions deemed acceptable in Washing- ton, London, Moscow and Chungking could be of- Japanese government by nightfall, Eastern War Time. It was ccnsidered doubtful whether a reply— war—would be farthcom- Monday. Bk CONTROL EMPEROR In a reply to Ja) through the Swiss , Secretary of Statc Byrnes said the United States would the surre: pro- Jeot” to ‘orders.. A % This represented the view points of the United Btates, the United Kingdom, the Unfon’of Soviet So- cialist Republica and China, Byrnes saild in his message, delivered through the Swiss Embassy here at 10:30 a. m, Eastern Standard Time. Byines laid out the following five conditions In his message to the Japanese: “From the moment of the sur- render the authority of the Em- peror and the Japanese CGovern- ,ment to rule the state shall be | subject to the Supreme Com- | mander of the Allled Powers, who | will take such steps as he deems i proper to effectuate the surrender terms. | “The Emperor will be required to ‘lulhonu and ensure the signature |of the Giovernment of Japan and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters of the surrender %lanm necessary to carry out the | I provisions of the Potsdam Declara- tion and shall issue his commands to all the Japanese military, naval and air authorities and to all the forces under their control where- ever located to cease active opera- tions and to surrender their arms and to issue such other orders as the Supreme Commander may re- quire to give effect to the sur- render terms. Transport Prisoners “Immediately upon thu surren- der the Japanese Government shall transport prisoners of war and clvilian internees. to places of safety as directed, where they can quickly be placed aboard Allled transports. “The ultimate form of govern- ment of Japarf shall, in accordance with the Potsdam Declaration, be established by the freely expressed will of the Japanese people. “The armed forces of the Allied Powers will remain in Japan until the purposes set forth in the Pots- dam Declaration are achieved.” The Allied position was made known after a 24-hour perlod. of conferences among the four. capi- tals on Japan's offer to surrender if she could retain her emperor. | As the British Cabinet stood by in London, President Truman held an early - morning discussion with ' Secretary Byrnes., Byrnes then went to the State Department and talked with Chairman Connally of the Senate Foreign Relations Com- mittee. Connally's View Connally told reporiers the Al- lied proposal was “acceptable” to him, although he said, he did not know how it would be received gen- erally in congress. Congressional \opinion has been sharply divided Germany is fixed at 400000 and on the question of keeping an em- military experts estimate that it peror on the throne. 7 ‘ (Continued on Page Two) ber to occupy Japan.