Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, October 9, 1881, Page 4

4 : “ « FHE. CHICAGO TRIBUNE:. SUNDAY; OCTOBER 9, 18S8I—TWENTY-FOUR PAGES. a There was. a Board of Public Works ! an introduction of her studious son to the Ghe Trilume, TERMS OF SUBSCRIFTION BY MATL—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID. Daily edition, one year. Parts of a year. per month. ‘Specimen coples sent free. Give Post-Office address in fall, including County and State. Remtuances may be made either by draft, express, Yost-Oflice order. or in resistered letter, at our risk. TO CLTY SUBSCRIBERS. Daily, delivered, Sanday excepted. 25 cents per week, Dally, delivered, Sunday included, 20 cents per week. Adress THE TRIBUNE COMPA: AGE. + Post. eat Chicagn IM, as Second- Claes Matter. Entered at the Post- Forthe benent of ourpatrons who desire to send single copies of THE ThintNe throuzh the mail, we rive herewith the transient rate of postace: Foreien and Domestic, Ficht. ten, twelve, and fourteen page papes Sixteen. cicntcen, and twenty pace pape! ‘Twenty-two and twenty-four paze papet. TRIBU- BRANCH OFFICES, THE CHICAGO TRINCSE has established branch offices for the receipt of subscriptions and advortise- ments as follows: NEW YORK—Room 29 Tribune Building. F.T. Mc- Fappex, Manager. * GLASGOW, Scotlun¢—Allan's American News Agency, 31 Renfleld-st. LONDON, Eng.—American Exchsnze, 4 Strand. MENRY ¥. GILG, WASHINGTON, SOCIETY MEETINGS. APOLLO COMMANDERY, NO. 1. K. T.~Special Conclave ‘Tuesday evening, “Oct. Asi, at, e Order of tr Knishts @’cluck—ofticers, please note the hour. the Red Cross will be conferred. V ate welcome und are evurteuusly invited to be pres- SByorder of the Eminent Commander. eat ia IS TIFFANI, Hecorder. RICHARD COLE LONGI. NO. OF, F.& A, M. The members are requested to’ mect at their han, vo nectorm the Inst sad lebard Kastner. | Vi brethren curdiahly Invitedty attend VIp Jul CLAS. A, MATTILAY, CORINTHIAN UHAPT Vistin Hong ate Cordially ineited: Ry ores of ‘% ions nre cord ia! dl. By ors celeb ARTHUR WAuHINGTOS, HP. 4.0. DICKERSON, Secretary. A. O. H.—All members of Division 19 are requested to meet in a body at the new church comer of ‘Thirty- geventh und Dashiel-sts. on Stonday morning, Oct. 10. to attend the funeral of Hrother Michel Barrett. JOULN OU. SUEA, Secretary. By order of LA FAYETTE CHAPTER, No.2 It. A, M.—Stated Conclave Monday evening, Oct. JO, at o'clock. Work on Enos a Pearce: . Vixiting companions 2. ero ecomes oy OreNEAL K. FORSYTH, M. B. 11. P. WM. J. BieYAlg Secretary. ORIENTAL LODGE, NO. Si, A, F.& A. M.—Hall 12 1.2 Saile-st—Special niccting Friday evening. ct. 14. Important work. Brethren ure always welconie. By order: FRED G. BEECHER, W. M. CHARLES CATLIN, etary. CHICAGO COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERE: LEM. A, A. SCOTCIL RITE MASONS—Kezulur C ursday evening next, By order of the aL. ED GOODALE, Grand Secreta: vend & CHICAGO CORE K.T.—Monday evening, Oct. MISSI, at 320, 0 for rehearsal in the attributes of thé fled Cross Order. Ry ord H.W, POND, EL DAVID GOODMAN, ttecorder. munication Wednesday evenine. Oct. 12, at TW o'clock sharp, for work. Visiting brethren cor- dially invited. By order of ¥ s 4 JAMES KEATS, W. M. JOUN GLNOCHIO, Secretary. D.C. CHEGIER LODGE, Gf A. F. SA. M.—Rec- nlar 2 APOLLO COMMANDERY, DRILL CORPS—Mom- rs are notitied tu appear for drill Mondar eventing, Uct Wat S o'clock, By order of the Commande! SUNDAY, OCTOBER 9. 18S. AVEny interesting exhibit of the progress of prominent firms, corporations, ete., since the great fire of ten years ago will be found in yur columns today. SESIVDENT Antntn yesterday appointed Mr. O. P. Clarke First Deputy Commissioner of Pensions, and Mr. C. B. Walker, of In- diana, to be Deputy Commissioner of Pen- - Sions, President Garfield had determined on theseappointments, and President Arthur in making them only carried out the late President’s intentions. ————— ‘Tux Cobden Club issued 200,000 pamphlets advocating free trade since the prorogation of the British Parliament, and now calls upon its members and friends for a special subscription of $10,000, to be employed in issuing additional pamphlets. The Fair-Trade movements seem to have taken a rather firm hold, and the Cobdeu Club feels bound to counteract it. Tue apparent loss of the Jeannette, which ‘was sent out by Mr. Bennett upon an Arctic exploration, the loss of some: of the vessels. which havé been searching for her, and: the Jong and painful suffering among the crews of the ill-fated vessels, bring up afresh the oft-repeated questions—What Is the use of these Arctic voyages ? What good do they accomplish? “What useful purpose coud they accomplish even if they should reach the North Pole? They could tind nothing more there than any one‘ can im- agine. In all the voyages that have been made during the past century nothing but ice, snow, and cold liave been found, and that is all that ever will be found there. Is it worth while exposing the lives of so many brave men to death or to certain suffering to fiud what everyschool-boy already knows? Mr. Bennett may fancy he achieves some Blory from such exploits, but if he has money to spare he could devote it to more useful purposes athome which would not entail suffering and death. Mr. Guapsrone, repiying to an address from the Leeds Chainber of Commerce yes- terday, said that he could not give any ex- plicit statement as to the progress of the ne- gotiations for a new commercial treaty be- tween Great Britain and France, but he_as- sured those whom he addressed that- if any treaty were negotiated it would not be of 2 retrograde character. He ridiculed the “fair-trade” movement, and denounced it as reactionary, He said English- men might. as well attempt to over- throw trial by jury as to- restore protective tariff. Io show the benefits of free trade, Mr. Gladstone pointed ont that, while the United States sent only $23,750,000 worth of manufactured goods to Asia, Af- rica, and Australia last year, England sent $355,000,000 worth to these countries. This statement was received with great cheers. Mr. Gladstone stated further that, althourh France and the United States .““ enjoyed” protection, England beat them in all neutral np fits. i bo 2 Tne Ne ork Democratic State Conven- tion will meet next Tuesday, and the. great question agitating the unwashed, the’ swal- Jow-tails, and the short-hairs now is, How Will Tammany be treated? Mr. John Kelly is determined that, if Tammany is not récog- nized in the convention, if the Tammany delegation, or.at feast half of it, is notad- mitted, there will be a rew of first-class di- thensions—one to suit Mr. Kelly’s own no- tions of a row. Mur. Lester B. Faulkner, who in this matter’ is merely. the shadow of Mr. Samuel J. Tilden, is determined, onthe other hand, that the Tammanyites shall not be adinitted, nor shall the Irving Mall people. Mr. Faulkuer is willing to rec- ognize, and doubtless will recognize, the “New York County” Democrats, who are entirely of a different stripe from Tammany, and who to some extent are the heirs appar- ent of “Jim” O’Brien and Irving Hall. Of course there will be a scrimmage, a lively time, and in all probability a bolt. Mr. Kelly will not permit Mr. Tilden to have every- thing hisown way. In fact, there is every reason to think that Mr, Kelly's “Irish”? will beup next Tuesday, and that the Sage of Gramercy Park will, in ‘Tammany parlance, “hear from him.” Cor. Dupey, the Commissioner of Pen- sions, says that there is no truth whatsoever in the story which has gone abroad that a number of clerks in his bureau have been guilty of frauds in obtaining pensions for zus pensioners and converting the money to their own use. Col. Dudley says thathe has every confidence in the. integrity and etfi- ciency of his corps of clerks, and has not the least suspicion against the clerks Inirusted with handling claims, either as examiners, chiefs of division, or reviewer: A Uroy this tenth anniversary of the great; fire, remembering our own necessities and the magnificent manner in which the world came to our. rescue and relieved all our wants, some thought should be given to the sufferers by the terrible forest fires in Michi- gan, Their losses have been proportionately greater than ours, and hardly one-fifth the amount necessary to relieve their distresses has yet been raised. Upon such a day as this, above ail others, the people of Chicago should think of them and determine to do their part in making up the deficit. There can be no more grateful or graceful recogni- tion of the charity that came to us than to extend like charity to others in their sore trials. ————— Tue Democratic Senators propose to take advantage of the death of President Garfield: Atthe Demoeratic Senatorial caucus held yesterday it was determined, as has been an- ticipated, to nominate Senator Bayard for President pro ‘tem. of the Senate, and to in- siston his election to that office before the new Senators are sworn in. The Democrats stopped at this, and some of them expressed themselves as willing to divide the minor of- fices with the Republicans, and on learning that the Republican Senatorial caucus had ap- Pointed a committee to confer witha similar one to beappointed by the Democrats, Messrs. Pendleton, Garland,..Voorhees, Davis (W. Va.), and Pugh were appointed to meet the Republican committee. The Republican committee consisted of Edmonds, Logan, Allison, Sherman, and McMillan. “When the committees met, Mr. Pendleton, for the Dem- Ocrats, stated that they could not consider the question of the Presidency of the Senate, that they had nominated Senator Bayard for that position, and were determined. to elect him. Senator Edmunds, for the Republicans, ‘said that, under the cireumstances, there could be no agreement, and that it was use- less to hold conference longer. He pointed out to the Democrats that to elect a Deimo- crat as President pro tem: would be to offer'a premium to some Demoveratic Guiteau, at which the Democrats seemed to take um- brage, though why itis not easy to under- stand, and the conference broke up. . THE TENTH ANNIVERSARY. This, the 9th day of Octuber, 181, is the tenth anniversary of The Great Fire which destroyed tho greater part of the City of Chicago, and elicited the sympathy and ma- terial aid of the civilized world. It is fitting at the close of this the first decade following that calamity that Tue Trpuxe should make report ina special exhibit of the prog- ress made by Chicago since she was litted from the.ashes by the friendly hands ex- tended to aid her from all the countries of the globe. Ten years ago the city contained a popula- tion in round numbers of 330,000.. Today the then area covered by ashes and the smoking rains maintains a population of 550,000, en- joying and sharing a wealth and prosperity that has previously been unknown. In another article the reader will find the “statistical details of the growth of the com- merce, manufactures, and wealth of the city during these years of recovery, not only from the.effects of two successive fires, but of the hardly Jess disastrous financial panic which took place in 1873. The severity of these visitations can hardly be appreciated outside of Chicago. Thé fire of ISTl de- stroyed property to the value in round num- bers of $200,000,000, out of which there were rescued in the form of insurance and salvage about $55,000,000, With this saving the peo- ple of the city undertook to cover the vacant places, and upon the ruins to build: up again the stores, and .warehouses, and dwellings, and public buildings. The world was gen- erous and liberal to our people. Money was abundantly tendered, and even before. the snows of 187172 had melted the work of restoration had b’gun and continued until late in 1873. Thenew city was vastly superior to the one which had precededit?. Théarchi- tecture was more ornate and the strictures more costly. more substantial, more unifori, more durable, and far more numerous. The city authorities had been xble to establish Jimits within which the curse and abomina- tion of wooden buildings had been prohibited. ‘These improvements had cost some $60,000,- 000 in addition to the means in the hands of the people of this city. This money had been borrowed at a high rate of interest, and everything was bright and promising when, in the fall of 1873, there came the blight of a financial suspension, under which the. In- dustry and trade of the whole Nation re- mained prostrate for a number of years. As in all eases of financial stringency the debtor class suffers most, so Chicago, overwhelmed with debt, private and publie, was subjected to trials under which no other city less blessed with imperishable resources could have been maintained. In 1874-a second fire ed Chicago, buryingin new ruins a large area, of the newly-built. city, entailing an almost total-loss upon the oivuers of the property destroyed. Struggling under these combined misfort- unes of two great fires and a general de- struction of credit and an overwhelming debt, the people of this city as a whole seemed to have been inspired by a new courage. Individual cases may have aec- curred whereglespair Was superior to hope, and where those who had counted their, wealth by millions were reduced to poverty, jebut the community never abated their ener- getic struggle one moment. The world had confidence in Chicago. Capital came hither. Mortgagees were glad to take ihe mortgaged property and wait, and in due time out of the vast mass of mortgaged Jands and build- ings; piece by piece andf block by blocs has been -reseued ‘and rédeemed, until at this date, on this tenth anniversary of The Great Fire, there is not practically a mortgage given for money borrowed to rebuild Chicago that has vot been ‘paid or dis- charged with’ interest and daxes, or on which the money io pay the unmatured inorigage cannot be obtained on demand. There maybe here and there improved pieces of land in the city still ‘unredeemed, but -as.a whole the steat mortgages under which the money was obtained to rebuild the city in 187173 have been satisfied and re- deemed, and the bulk of the property then subjected to'lien has now a cash value equal to three times the debt then incurred. in the meantime the building of Chicago has gone on. ‘The 300,000 people whose.homes were so largely devastated in 187L have not only rebuilt and paid for their new homes and business places, but they have built ad- ditional homes for 250,000 persons who have been in the meantime added to the popula- tion, and have provided stores and ware- houses fora business. three times as great as that which seemed marvelously great ten years ago. Today, Chicago, the centre of a commerce that is not only amazing in its present great- ness, but amazing in its prospective future, still remembers with grateful interest the kind hearts and generous hands who remem- bered her in her hours of distress and afilic- tion. She would Jike to have them visit her today. ‘Phe city of smoldering ruins has become a city of palaces, and prosperous trade and industry now fill the busy’ streets. and avenues where ten years ago aslies fit- tingly represented the general’ desolation, ‘There are today no ruins and no ashes: the improved areca of the city is more than twice as extended, and the improvements made during the last ten years are of greatly superior character, ‘To the people of the United States, to whom this city owes so niuch of gratitude, Chicago makes report tolay of the great growth in all the essen- tials of a commercial and manufacturing metropolis which she has made during the ten yearswhieh have followed the disaster which has become memorable in the record of public calamities. Nor has Chicago’s wonderful’ progress in the matter of. wealth and commerce and population been. confined to such matters: In other parts of this paper will be found npie evidence that in all the ioral, relig- ious, and social refinements of life the prog- ress has been equally great, and equally’ illustrative of the energy. and cultivation of her people. The history of- Chicago from 1871 to I8SL is Both an example and a lesson, which States and even nations. may study dnsiratios pe as well a THE ESTHETICS OF A DECADE. The progress of Chicago during the ten years succeeding the great fire isin no way more clearly shown than in the growth of music and the drama, for the reason that they are considered as luxuries, and hence no attentian was paid to them until material necessities been reéstablished. Conse- quently if it can-be shown that there has been a decided esthetic growth it follows, as a matter of course, that in all other direc- tions the growth must h: been mneh greater. Atthetime of the fire there were in this city six theatres—Crosby's Opera Monse..which was also devoted to music, MeVicker’s, Hooley’s, Wood’s Museum, the Globe, on the West Side, and the Dearborn, which had come to be the home of high-class minstrelsy.” Of these the Opera-House was known far and wide as one of the finest houses in this. country. |1t had been refitted and refurnished at immense cost, and ‘Theodore Thomas was to have commenced along season of orchestral concerts on the evening of the first day of the fire, but never Rot nearer to the building than the ‘wenty- second strect station of the Lake Shore Rail- here. was a large sale of seats, but etholders never occupied them. ‘The elegant house was lit up only an hour before the fire for the inspection of visitors, so that there were but a few of onr citizens who had the pleasure gf seeing theexquisitly appoint- ed and decorated interior. . With the excep- tion of the Opera-lunse our. theatres had little to boast of They were fairaverage theatres, conducted in old-fashioned ways, aud fairly patronized. All of these theatres, except the Globe, which was an. old wooden shell, were destroyed. We have now nine first-class theatres: MeVicker's, the Grand Opera-House, Uooley's, Haverly 's, Lyceum, Criterion, Academy of Musi ional, and Olympic, and a host of little variety theatres. They are more elegant in their appointments, and decorations and better furnished with all the appliances that make for the comfort of audiences than anything we possessed be- fare the fire. The increase of patronage is shown by the inere: in the number of theatres, and by the rapid advance of the city to the position of one of the great dramatic centres of the country, attracting hither not only all the great stars in the profession but the best of the w York companies, who come here and locate fora whole stmmer, The musteat recuperation of the city is equally wonderful. At the time of the fire music was in a very flourishing condition, owing to the impulse given it by the ercetion of the’ Opera-llouse six years previously. Though we had no. musical. societies to speak" of except among the Germans, the opera’ seasons during those six years have never been equaled: in the history af Chicazo, and all kinds of music and ‘all classes of music-teachers were handsomely patronized. ‘This ground we have fot only recovered, but we have even advanced. Then we had but three prominent halls~Farwell and Crosby’s Music- Hail, the latter for minor concerts, and.‘Lur- ner Hall on the North Side—Metropulitan Hall having fallen into disuse. Nuw we haye the elegant Central Music-Hall, which stands as a monunent to the memory of its*builder, George B. Carpenter; the cozy little Fai bank Hall; MeCormick’s, Brand ner Halls on the North Side; the new Far- well Halland the huge Exposition Building, which has several times been’ utilized for colossal musical occasions, and numerous small halls, ‘Then the last of our American societies, the Oratorio, which was the’ suc- cessor of the Philharmonic, had just ex- pired. Now we haye the Apollo Club, the Beethoven Socivty, the Mozart Society, the Bach and Mandel Society, numerous Ger- man and Scandinavian societies, several ladies’ clubs, and a score of vocal and instrumental quartet organizations, many of which have extended their reputa- tion'in concerts throughout the West. Be- fore the fire our organizations rarely pro- duced anything but miscellaneous song-pro- grams: now they are bringing out every sen- son the large works in music, many of them for the first time in this country. ‘Then the fame of. our orchestral players was contined to Chicago; nuw Theodore ‘Thoinas. has headed thirty of our play uid astonished Milwaukee, Cleveland, and Cincinnati with their performances. “Chea it was considered: a treat to hear the Thomas orchestra fortwo or three hights in a season; now we have had the great conductor. here for two entire summers with concerts every evening. “The crowulug mark of our progress is shown by the selection of Chicago. as one of the cities in.the great triad of festivities to be ziven next May, which ~will be the most notable. musical occasion ever known in this coun- try, and will compare favorably with any- thing of the kind ever known in Europe. ‘The progress of art has been slower. Many of our best artists Jeft the city immediately after the fire, and few gf them have returned, The Academy of Design was reopened three Years aftor, but did not succeed yery well, | Its successor, the Academy of Fine Arts. in- corporated in 1879,-however, is doing a good: work and turning outsome excellent. pupils. Individual artists ate doing better now, and seem to be once more on the upward road to success. Religion can hardly be catled a branch of the esthetics, but in the number ot churches, in the ‘elegance of their con- struction, and in the rank and ability of our. preachers, a great advance has been made; besides this, while: we have just as many Bishopsas heretofore, we have risen to the dig- nity of having a real live Archbishop among us, and two of the most, distinguished here- ties in the country, «In all these various de- partinents Chicago has made a wonderful advance. Already the great. commercial centre ot thé country, before another ten years have gone by she will be the great es thetic centre. t EARLY CHICAGO. The history of Chicago is a romance pos- sessing the fascination of one of Jules ‘Verne’s improbable, impossible stories. ‘The early voyagers over the prairies halted here asif in prophetic preseience of the future «reatness of which it destined to be the seat. The French explorers of the’ seven- teenth century pitehed their tents on the sand-heaps which marked the shore-line of the beautiful lake; and the French Govern- ment, in 1650 or 1680—nobody knows exactly when—built a fort here called Chicagou. Tonty thus refers to it: “I embarked for the Illinois Oct. 30, 1685, Dut, being stopped by the ice, L was obliged to leave my canoe and proceed by land. After going 120 leagues I arrived at Ft. Chicagou, where M. de In Durantaye commanded.” ‘The missionaries established @station here in 1699and preached. tothe Indians; and about this tine there ap- pears to have been a French village here, for St. Cosine.speaks of a hunt for a lost boy “among the tull grasses.” While the French were seeking to plant colonies in the Valley of the Mississippi which were destined to fade away, the Puritans, the Huguenots and the Quakers, the Cotton Mathers, the William Penns, and the Roger Williamses were i: ing “settlements” on the Atlantic coast which were destined to spread over the en- tire continent. As early as 1795 the wooden-nutmeg Yan- kees of Connecticut penetrated the West and founded the City of Cleveland, and the same year “a colored man from San Domingo, named Jean Baptiste Pont Au Sable,” stum- bled in his wanderings upon the“ sand- hills,” and built a hut on the north bank of the main branch of the Chicago River. His neighbors were Pottowattomies; and the ne- gro aspired to become their chief, but, fail- ing of his ambition, he returned to Peoria, as many a better man has done since upou find- ing it impossible to rise to “the top of the so- cial scale in that -aristocratic quarter of the town. But Au Sable was the real pioncer of Chieago’s greatness, for his hut became the property of one La 3 a Frenchinan, and after him of John Kinzie. What could be more romantic than the fact that Chicago was founded. by a negro in whose veins coursed the blood of the race of heroes who subst quently freed Hayti from toreign dominion 2? Not much has been said of Au Sable in the afumerous sketches of the early histary of Chicago, doubtless because of the disgrace oftslavery which hung about his race, but since the negro is now a free citizen it is well to give prominence to the fact that Chicago was founded by a scion of the then despised. race, and that he chose the “north. side 7 as the immediate scene of his hut-building. We do not aver that it was through tho influence of Au Sable that the Indians ceded to the United States the site of Chicago for the erection of Fort Dearborn, but the treaty of cession was concluded the-same year (1795) that the illustrious negro built his hut Itis hardly necessary to observe that events followed each other slowly in those days. ‘The order for the construction of the fort was not issued till18u3. The same year Louisiana was purchased, of the cession of which Napoleon’ said: “1 have given to England a maritime rival that will sooner or later humble her pride.” It is a singular coincidence that the building of Fort Dear- born, which made the establisiiment cf a city here, occurred the same year-of the most important acquisition of. territory ever ade by the United States. Thereafter the great Valley of the. Mississippi was open to advancing American civilization from the atlantic and the Gulf, from the East and the South; ayd of these approaching waves of moving populations Chicago was destined to become the centre. . ‘The disgrace which befell Chicago in the evacuation of Fort Dearborn is nut to be charged to the citizens; but to Capt. ILeald and his superior officers of the United Siates army. Mr. Kinzie, upon that occasion, well represented the pluck and courage which have always distinguished its people. Had his advice been taken and followed, the hor+ rible massacre of 1812 would not have oe: curred. In 1816 the fort was rebuilt, and the same year Mr. Kinzie returned to Chicago. It required the eye of prophetic vision to dis- cern a future for the city by the lake when Mr. Kinzie again took up his residence here, only sixty-five years ago. On the sand-hills the bones of the victims of the massacre still lay Dleaching—lay scattered about where now stately mansions stand; and they lay there ten long years, until 1922, when they were reverently gathered and buried with military pomp. Eleven years later, in 1833, the Village of Chicago was incorporated. On that 10th day of August, when the village was founded, “twenty-eight votes were ‘cast”—that is to say, forty-eight years ago there were twenty- eight voters in Chicago, representing a pop- ulation of 200 squls. There wasn’t even 2 dirt road. in town; ‘a wagon track took a cireultous way from one house to another, accommodating itself to the oozy sloughs which scamed the landscape.” There were no boulevards and parks here then! But in three years—i8é—Chicago had begun fairly toboom.” The population of 200 had in- creased to 3,820 (estimated), and steps were taken to obtain a city charter. A committee was appointed to draft a charter, consisting of Ebenezer Peck, J.C. Caton, T. W. Smith, W. B. Ogden, and Nathan I. Bolles. The charter was adopted, and in the March fol- lowing (1837) Chicago was incorporated as i city. Lhe Whigs and Democrats contested for the Mayoralty. The Democrats won with Mr. Ogden. John Wentwarth’s vote was challenged on the ground of his allered youth, but he “swore it in” in good Demo- cratic fashion. There were 709 votes cast at the first city clection forty-four years ago. But long before Chitago became a eity—in 183s—her commercial history, which is now regarded with, so much pride, was inaugu- rated py the salling up the river of the schoon- er Llinois, *“ Our citizens,” says the Demo- erat af July 16, “were nota little delighted on Saturday morning last by a sight as novel asit was beautiful. About 9 o'clock. their attention was arrested by the appearance of the splendid schooner Uilnois as she came @liding up the river into the heart of the ‘town under full sajl..... The banks,of the riyer were crowded’ with a delighted as- semblage, and as she reached the wharf of Messi§. Newberry & Dole, where she stopped, she was hailed with loud and repeated cheers.” F ‘ ‘The first tax-roll of Chicago, in 1825, then in Pegria County, exhibited no millionaires. Itcontained foyrteen names, a total yalua- {seek to prove a de: tion of 69,047, and a tax-levy of $90.47—-1 percent. John. Crofts was the richest tax- payer, paying $50, and Louis Coutra and Jo- seph Laframbolse the poorest. paying each 50cents. ‘This comparison muy seem invid- fous, and we hope the descendants of the poor. taxpayers of 1825 will not have their atten- tion called to the passage. No doubt Crofts was at the head of the aristocracy of Chi- cago at that time, and we presume an effort will be made by many citizens to trace their lineage to him. But the real aristocracy of Chicago antedates thé Crofts period many years. ‘The aristocrats were fur-traders, and came mostly from Canada, and the »vlebeians were boatmen. It is ques- unable whether -it is -desirable for the modern Chicago aristocrat. to ent from either of these classes. The aristocrats lived in as much luxury as the times allowed, but they made queer alliances. ‘Chey not infreguently selected their wives from the nut-brown natives—Pottowattomies, ete—anl it fol- fowed that their children were of mixed biood. The picbcians subsisted on soup anade of hulled corn, with barely tallow cnough to season it, and deyuid of salt. They were called, in derision, by the aristocrats who marriéd Indian squaws, pork-eaters, be- cause on the voyage from Montreal they fed chiefly on pork, hard bread, and pea-soup. Just sixty years ago one Childs visited Chi- cago and found it rather an inhospitable place. Ie pitched his tent on the shore of «the lake and went to the fort for provisions. He found the garrison subsisting .on half- rations, and the Commissary declined to di- vide with him. Col. Beaubien, however, furnished him with a small supply. The population of Chicago at that time consisted of two families—those of Mr. Kinzie and Col. Beaubien. Fifty years after Mr. Childs’ visit, ten years ago today, there were three hundred thousand people hére, when the great tire spread devastation far and wid Two thousand acres, covered with substantial buildings, were burned over; two hundred million dollars’? worth of property was re- duced to ashes, and. tens of thousands of people were left without a roof to cover them. Today everything destroyed by the firais restored, and five hundred and fifty thousand people eceupy the site of the burned city of ten years ago. THE CHURCHES IN THE DECADE. * The religious growth of the city in the last decade has been uiy and gratifying, but uot so remarkable as the development of ma terial interests. In 1871 there were in Chica- ko 165 churches and thirty missions. In 183L the number of churches is’ 218, and of mis- sions seventeen. Many of the missions of the earlier periok’ have since become churches. ‘The comparative growth of the several religious denominations may be seen in the following table: 1871, 1881. Churches. Churches. Stoman Catholic.. a aT Methodist. 3 Baptist 2 Ww dt it Congregational .. i * Jewish. 5 Christi 4 Tadependen: 1 All others .. b ab 218 In I8tl the Baptists had eight missions; the Congregationalists 2; the Episcopalians 4; the Independents 5; and the Presbyterians 8. In 1851 the missions were divided as fol- lows: Baptists, 5; Congregationalists, 2: Episcovalians, 2; Reformed Episcopalians, 1; Evangelical, 3;. Methodists, 2; Presby- terians, 5. A large part of the inerease in the ntimber of churches has been due to immigration. The Evangelical Lutheran churches, the membership of which is almost wholly made up of persons of foreign. birth and their children, are twice as many now asin 1871, ‘The Methodists also have gained two Ger- man and four Scandinavian churches since 1871, and the Gaptists several Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian churches. A‘con- siderable portion of the Roman Catholic gain is to be credited to the same cause, and the Jewish increase from. five to eleven taber- naeles can be reasonably accounted for-in no other way, There have been noteworthy changes in the personnel and the church relations ot the Chicago clergy since 1871. Bishop White house, of tlie copal Church, and Bishop Foley, of the Roman. Catholic Church, are dead, The Baptists have lost Goodspeed and Evarts; the Congregationalists, Bartlett (WY, A.) Bartlett (S..C.), Chamberlin, Hel- mer, and W. W. Patton; the Episcopalians, besides their Bishop, Drs. Powers, Sutiivan, and Hugh Miller‘’hompson; the Methodists, Drs. Fowler, Parkhurst, and. Thomas; the Presbyterians, Dr. KR. W. Patterson (from the pastorate), Dr. Arthur Mitchell, Dr, Robert Patterson, and Prof. Swing; tile Asravlites, Rabbi Adler, In 1871 Prof. Swing was a Presbyterian in reguiar standing, preaching at the Fourth Church; Dr. ‘Thomas was an unquestioned Methodist, in charge of the Park Avenue Church; the Rev. Florence MeCarthy was holding forth in the Union Park Baptist Church; Dr. Chenéy, the present Bishop of the Reformed Chureh, was. still on the rolls as rector of Christ Church in the Protestant Episcopal communion, ‘The statistics of the membership of tho churches could not easily be made up. {na general way it is known that the native membership has nut increased in equal ratio with the population of the city. ‘The Preshy- terians and Congregationalists, for example, haye not so many churches as in 1871, and the Baptists only one more. ‘The contribu- tions for benevolent purposes are also less in proportion than ten years ago. ‘The debts of the ‘churches are more now than then, and their financial con- dition generally less satisfactory. ‘This was a natural consequence of the lossof property by the fire. The church-members were al- most all sufferers, directly or indirectly; and many of them scemed to think their expendi- tures on account of religion to be the most convenient item te retrench. on. Some of them have not stopped retrenching yet. The one great religious event of the decade to which orthodox church people can all turn back with pleasure is the Moody revival meetings, which unquestionably stimulated religious feeling ina powerful manner, and brought many converts inte the churches. But in other respects the review of the relig- ious experience of the city in the ten years is not one to cause unmixed content. _—_—_—_——.- ‘Tue names of the principal city, counts, and Federal officers in the fire-year have not yet slipped out of the public memory; but some of the small ones may have been for- gotten. A complete roster will be interest- ingnow: ER. B, Mason was Mayor; C. T. Hotchkiss, City Clerk; George Taylor, Controller; and David A. Gage, Treasurer. Murray F, Tuley was Corporation Counsel; Vrank ‘Adams, City.’ Attorney; W: J. Onahan, City Collector; A. EH. Banyon-a Police Justice; C.- R. Matson (present Coroner), Clerk of the Police Court; Mr. Pickard, School . Superintendent, and C.-N. Holden, Tax Commissioner.” In the Common Council were Knickerbocker, Dixon, Coey, McAvoy, Harvey Thompson, Daggy, 0. C. P. Holden, Buehler, McGrath, Schintz, Schaffner, McCaffrey, Deyjne, and Busse, tussy Court of Baden, near by, and so tue (Prindiville, Carter, McArthur), ot Heaith, gratiated herself into the good graces of. ithe and of Police (Brown, Sheridan, and Gund).. William W. Kennedy was Superin- | Duke that the son received. an invitation to tendent of Police, and Robert Williams | accompany Victoria to the Imperial manen~ Chief Fire Matshal. ae . vreés at Strasburg, and upan that occasion In the County Government the old Board | progressed so finely that Victoria, a littla of Supervisors was in its last year. Among | later, accepted his invitation to accompany the members were Almendinger, Bluthardt, | him to the wedding of Prince Willian “of James Hf. Bowen, Dave Clark, Guenther, | Prussia. The ceremony made such anim Henry Harms, S. W. King, Peter Ma hr, and | pression upon the youtntil. pair, for he was John MeCattrey. Ms KR. M. Wallace was | only 23 and she 18; that a betrothal County Judge; Jolin. G. Gindeie, County | speedily followed, and the one mar § Clerk; Seth Hunchett, a Deputy Sheriftin | riage bezat another, with all the more easo the Criminal Court; Julius Rosenthal, Pub- | because the Courts of Berlin, and Baden, and lic Administrator; Albert G. Lane, County | Sweden were all eager for it in order to knit Superintendent; Charles. U1. Reed, State’s- | the political future of Germany and Sweden Attorney; ‘Tim Bradley, Sheriff; John Ste- | more closely. It is also a curious incident yens, Coroner; and Conrad Folz, Jailer. that the granduiother of Victoria was iq The United States Courts had the same | daughter of the deposed Gustavus, who Judges then as now—Drummond and Blod- | tived in exile at Leipsic, so that the marriage gett. W. IL Bradley was Clerk; J. 0. Glov- | has the etfect of uniting thé’ Swedish lives of er, Attorney; B. IL. Campbell, Marshal; Phil | Vasa and Bernadotte. s Toyne, Commissioner; Jameson, Gary, and The bridegroom is described as. tall, sli Porter were Superior Judges; and Williams, | spectacted, elegant, aid dark, with nothing ‘arwell, Rogers, and Booth Cireuit Judges | of the cold nortit noticeable in his demeanor, (Tree having resigned). The Collector of | studious in his tasti a goud musician, fond Customs was James E. McLean; the Collect- | of travel, and a keon observer, and not or of Internal Revenue, Hermann Raster | ashamed of lil poor relations, for in one of (afterwards J. D. Webster); the Postmaster, | his journeys he hunted UP scores upon scores — ¥, A. Eastman. ‘The Sub-Treasury had not | ot obscure members of his family. The been established. bride, on the other hand, is described —s as a” “genuine German Princess,” CINCINNATL “SQUEALERS.” é with all the ‘virtues that are ime One Uarper, who lives fn Cincinuati, and | pied in the title, tall, slim, a who has recently achieved some notoriety in that city and in Chicago as a gambler in grain, is represented by «a Cincinnati news- paper as saying to one of its reporters that he found he and his associates had fallen “into the hands of a got thivves” in Chicazo. Harver said this in palliation of his refus to pay his losses incurred in a futile attempt to beat down prices on the Chicago market. Inorder that the Cincinnati people may not plead ignorance of the trarsactions of Iarper. and the other Cincinnati gamblers who came to Chicago, the history of their. operations may be briefly retold. Harper and other Cincinnati men came to Chicago torun a corner in August wheat. They succeeded, with the aid of a short crop and an insaue outside rush to buy, which precipitated the rise .in prices, and they carried away with them between $2,000,000 and $3,000,000. Messrs. Preston & Mellenry were the principal brokers for the Cincinnati clique, collected the money from the Chicago losers, and paid it over to Harper and his campanion Harper and the others then conclnded that the success of the August corner was entirely due to their manipula- tions, and that they could run down prices as successfully as they had run them up. They became * bears” and sold for future delivery several millions of bushels: of wheat which they didn’town., The prices refused to go down at the bidding of the Cincinnati clique, and Harper and the others lost about the same amount of money which they had previously won: But, after escaping with their winnings, -they refused to pay their losses. ‘That is the whole of the story. ow Iet_ us see who ought. to be called “a decided blond, practical in her ways, but ag fund of dress as her little Baden court is of petiwigs and decorations. Unlike most Princessgs, however, she thought home wag a good enough place-to get up her trousseau, Accordingly gthe most of it was inade in Baden, and whetever bijouterie, lingerie, and vertu had to be purchased.in Paris was bought of establishments condueted by Swedes and Germans, The result was not ultogether fortunate, for the Pall Mall Gu zette somewhat ungraciously says: “ Ine agine sweet 17 clad in a crimson velvet core sage and train four and a half yards long, heavy with gold embroidery, and a whita satin skirt enriched with a proportionate amount of bultion} ‘The Princess has blush rose complexion. How horribly it will ba sacrificed to her staring robe! It would need a tawny, black-liaired, bold-eyed gypsy to bear all this red and gold and shining satin? rs But we are delaying theavedding. The cere. mony was appointed for the 20th. ult., the anniversary of the Grand Duke’s silver wed- ding. Carisruhe was in a fever of rejofemg, Its streets were crowded with triumphal arches and brave with flags and banners, The people enjoyed industrial exhibitions, torchlight processions, balls, banquets, music from church steeples, and a horrible per formance of. the “Midsummer Night's Dream” at the theatre. But the wedding was forgeous. The German Emperor, as gay as a bos, Jed in his granddaughter to tne - altar, and there were. present the German Empress, the King and Queen of Sweden, the Crown Princes of Denmark. and Ger- many, and Grand Dukes, Hereditary Grand gang of thieves.” Messrs. Preston & Me-| nukes and Duchesses, Princes and Prine Henry were the principal Chicago brokers in | esses, Counts and Countesses by the transactions in which Harper and the | scores, and it is said that “tha others lost their money, as they had been in the transactions fn which the Cincinnati men had won their money. ‘The Chicago fosers in the first place paid their losses promptly, and Messrs. Preston & McHenry paid over the money to the Ciuciunati winners. But when Harper and his associates lost they re- fused to pay. The brokers were standing between them and the Chicago buyers, and Harper and the other defaulters suddicd their losses upon these brokers, who were thus obliged to pay out. all their own money, go into suspension, and throw the remainder of the los$es upon other Chicago brokers. {Lt was a rascally transaction, for which the Cincinnati ga:m- blers were responsible, and in which the Chi- cago brokers were the victims. Moreover, the Cincinnati operators won their money by cétnering the market—an operation in violation of law and morals. But in the September deal, in which the Cincinnati operators lost the money which they refuse to pay, there was no corner and no organ- ized effort to “beat” the Cincinnati ‘crowd. ‘The Cincinnati operators played the part of sharpers all the way through—first, bycoin- bining to “beat” the Chicago operators, and, secondly, by “squealing” when they made losses subsequently in the regular course of trade. Cincinnati ought to be ashamed, of such German Crown Princess wore a spark. ling tiara: of brilliantS, with a magnificent straw-colored dress and violet train, while: the Queen of Sweden literally blazed with diamonds.” After the ceremony the clergy. man presented the newly-married pair with a Bible, iter the German fashion, and they then made way for the Grand Duke an Grand Duchess, whose marriage was ratified anew, according to the German custom ‘The princely pair were launched in hand same style” The Swedish Assembly voted thei a handsome annuity, but the more re- publican Norwegians would do nothing of the kind, for when the Anmesty bill was ind troduced in the Storthing it was defeated by an overwhelming majority—the sturdy Nor- wegians deciding that the match-making mamma was rich enough to take care of the youngsters. But, if Gustavus Adolphus has the parts gf nis great namesake and Victoria the womanly virtues of hers, they will get on well and make a stir in the world perhaps. Tie Washington Gazette makes the fole lowing remarkable statement concerning the conduct of the Assistant Secretary of the Naty. Af the story istrue, why bas Secretary Hunt winked ut it? Has be too been usine naval ves sels for junketing excursions? Says the Gazelle: sistunt-Secretary French is notoriously ine. competent for tne place he fils. ‘Then, too, ke ‘eriously grown rich. Not long ago - citizens as Harper, but it does not seem ta be."| there was a reunion of the Erencn tumily at Nar In fact, Cincinnati ougnt properly t bant, Mass, French was at Boston, which, bv Tiaeiunntl ought properly tobe: held | ant us. French wad ak Heston, alah be responsible for the scurvy conduct which has been @xposed, because its merchants could not be guilty of such conduct if it were tightiully condemued by popular senti- ment, In the first place, public opinion in Cincinnati ought to have condemned the gambling transactions by combination in taking the cars he telegrapbed to have the rev- enuc-cutter Woodbury, then several hundred ; tiles distant on the coust of Maine. sail to Bos- ton. On urrival of the vessel be tok sixty-foue Of his friends on board and proceeded to Nubant When the reunian was over he and his friends sturted to Boston by the same means, and the cutter was ordered back to thut part of the const » of Maine from which she came. Tne cutter’s round trip cost the Government $2,250, nom take i which Harper and others engaged. In the | ing in consideration the cust uf stures, including next place, having condoned such questiona- {| wine, liquors irs, cte., consumed by French i. President Arthur, and bis sixty-four friends. it when Collector for the Port of New York, dis- charged a subordinate official for using a Gove ernment tug and pd whattie iliecul use of te tuz cost the Government, “French is a smalls calibre fawy a ‘Tire advice given by a Cleveland paper ia the following paragraph, is very sensible, and should be heeded: e ‘Thuse persous who passed through the Publi! Squure yesterday and gazed wt tno structure that had so much mennine one week uzo could’ have but one sentimeut—numély > a feeling that the Committee on Catafalque should at once order the buliding- and arches removed. Tha rain poured down and was swept by the wind into the open structure where tne bady of the. departed President lay in state days ago. The curpeted fluor wus strewn with debris and cov- ered with patches of mud. The cloth material surrounding the deserted bier was soaked with rain, und the once, glorious tloral designs oud turned to earthy, detayed musses of vegetation; certainly not Wholesome to look upon. ~The high winds bad torn luose yards of bunting (8 the ceilig of the canopy. The funeral-car, < which should have been placed days ago in some, * dry” gpot where it could be tresured up for years to come, stood under thie bleh. arched ~! roof, poorly protected from the rain. In fuoh & member of one of the committees stated @ias large quantities of rain bad reached tt. “And: sald be, “that decides tho question of keeping -: it, for the cloth baving become wet it will Toe” and become ruste a ‘Ture New York Post is the only paper, thu far, which has sought todetract from the merits of the victories uchieved® by the Scotch ‘yacht’ Madge, which bas eusily outsailed everything. pitted against her. Because some canny Scots come over here and beat us fairly at our ows gume, it is bad taste to seek to detract from thf : merits of the performance. - We should not fok tow the foolish example of the Englishmen, Wh « after American borses have won all the impor: tant races in England, continue to assert - American racers are of no account, althougil they appear to be far more vatuable for. pul poses of racing than anything on four legs ¥ brought out ta mect them. ! ble. operations, public opinion in that city ought to compel the Ilarper gang to pay their losses.” But the Cincinnati newspapers gloated over the success of Cincinnati gam- blers, and were especially jubilant because they had beaten the Chicago Board of ‘Trace. We have not noticed « single effort, however, to shame theseWincinnati gamblers into pay- ing their losses in the unsuccessful operations, and the newspapers of that city-seem to be utterly indifferent to the outrageous swindle on Chicago brokers, who are innocent parties and are forced into bankruptcy by the de- fault of Harper and other Cincinnati gam- blers. “ Heads I win and tails you lose,” is apparently the theory of Cincinnati gam- bling. “ I£ we win we shall exaet tlie money and carry it off to Cincinnati, and if we lose we won't" pay,” is the basis of Cincinnati operations. It is well that Chicago mereiants and commission men, and the merchants and commission men of other cities, should understand the gage of Cinciunatl probity in commercial affairs in order that they may hereafter protect themselves accordingly, ———_———— ANOTHER ROYAL WEDDING. The petty Duchy of Baden, of which so little is heard in the outside world, except from its baths and its gaming-tables, had a senuine holiday on the 20th ult. Itis a fun- ny little Kingdom, with a funny, fussy little Court, as full of ceremony, equipaces, liver- ies, powderedwigs, and elaborate officialism as any of the big Courts of the German Em- pire, and its parallel is not hard to find in Offenbach's sprightly satire upon the doings in the Grand Duchy of Gerolstein. ‘The Gotha Almanac tells us that the Grand Duke of Baden ‘is Friedrich L, married Sept. 20, 1856, to Grand Duchess Louise. ‘The offspring of this union are Friedrich - Wilhelm, heir apparent, Victoria, and Ludwig. UWowever little the Duchy may be, it is largely con- nected, for its Grand Duke is son of Princess Sophia of Sweden, and his wife, Louise, is daughter of tne Emperor of Germany. The daeal pair. having married. Sept. 20, 1856, it will be .observed that the 20th of last. month was their silver wed- ding. But this was not. all. There is a mothegin-law in the case. A year or so ago, the Queen of Sweden, with her son, Prince Gusfavus Adolphus, Crowa-Prince of Swe- den and Norway, wént to Heidelberg. Whilé the latter, who is a close student, was study- ing international law in the university, the Toyal mamma, who seems to have. been an excellent matchmaker, paved the way for Tne Fenian dynamite plot turned ‘out upon investixation by the United States S2ert Service Departmént to be nothing buta sebems ' to extort money from the British Government: Asa rule Fenian -plots do not huve even ths merit of possessing any object ut all, and ff: O'Donovun-Rossa and bis satellites cap find 1 betreruse for their surplus energy and patriot, ism the sooner they abundon such enterprised : the better. The Government cannot aiford ta have its officers spending time and money 100K¢. ing after Fenians. * a Everytirye is lovely again among thes Pennsylvaria Moravians. Not tong ago 8 members of. that Church were worked up to ee high state of indignation by one: Mr. Rice, WOE found fault with Bishop Stevens, of the Epis pai Church, because the latter nud reordained 45 Moravian minister who adopted the Episcapsh i faith with what he called 2 more ample ordi3: nation,” “fhe Bishop hag explained tho matter 1