Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 17, 1881, Page 4

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G Entered at the Post-Ofice at Chleaga, Il. ax Becond- Class Matter, For the benefit of our patrons who desire to send single coples of THE TRIBUNE through the mail, we eve herewith the transient rate of postaxe: POST? ie Ty Sa Fight and Twelve Paze cue ‘Sixteen Page Paper. TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. ‘rrr Cmicago THINUXE has established branch oftices for the receipt of subscriptions and advertse- iments ae follows: 5 NEW YUIK—Room 2 Trimune Building. F.T. Mc- FApvES, Manazer. GLASGOW, Scouund—Allan’s American News Agency, 51 Renfleld-st. LONDON, Enz —American Exchange, 419 Strands Mexny F. Gi. M ASLUNGTO: SsOcL CHICAGO COMMA: PLAR—Stated C TEME ‘e Monday evening, July BLT: o'elock, for business, The Order of the ‘emple willalsy be conterred. A tall attendance is earnestly fequested. By urder ai 3 HLH. POND, B.C. DAVID GUOPMAN, Kecorder. BT. BERNARD COMMANDEI Ke TA Stated eopeive Wednesday evening, July 3h at 8 elk. Work on the Order of the Semple. — Visit- sis invited. By order of ing Sir Knlents are cours n M. CAHIC Commander. J.0 DICKERSON, Kee LAFAYETTE CHAPTER, N Convocation Monday evenii Wark ou Mark Destee, V cote. DBs order of WAL J. BRYAN, Secrotar: APOLLO COMMAN Yemplar.—Stated_ Cun: 13, Indl, at $u'etuck. By miknde; HW y Recorder, SA. M.—Recular “ASHLAR LODGE, NO. 2S, A. F. niveting ‘Tuesday evening, J requested to aitend, 2s irdinsacted. IL CHANE, sverciary. SUNDAY, JULY 1%, 198 Mus. Ipa: Lewis Winsoy, who, as Ida Lewis, won a splendid. reputation for having sdved many persons from drowning, has been awarded a gold life-saving medal by the Treasury Department in recognition of her services. Tie Cabinet officers felt su confident of the President’s recovery yesterday that in the afternoon, in company with their fami- lies and fricrids, they tuok a trip down the Potomac in the United States steamer Dis- pate, The party returned at midnight auch refreshed. ‘Tne Czar, acting on the advice of Gen. Ig- naticff, has issued an ‘order commuting the death sentence passed on the noted female Nihilist, 11 Melfmaon. ‘Lhe action of the Czar in this mattdr is humane,—and prudent, perhaps. The only persuns who will be dis- ajpointed are tie Nihilists and Communisty of the Rochefort stripe, who intended to make capital uut of the execution. errno J.J. Dickinson, Ju, son of the Inte Gen. Dickinson, who was at one time Adjutant- General. of Florida, had a dispute with a saloonkecper nanied Burch in’ Leesburg, Fia., some weeks age. Although the matter Was regarded settled at the time, last Tues- day Dickinson, Jr, turned up at Leesburg, and, taking unfair advantage of Burch, emptied two barrels of a tgun into his body, inflicting serious though not fatal wounds. Dickinson was captnred and lodged. iu jail, from which fie was taken at 2 o'elock Friday morning by a party of twenty-five armed. men, who lynched iin Iris reported tnat Mave M. Morril, a noted counterfelicr, who escaped from the United States detectives at Morristown, ‘Tenn., last *Monday, was struck dead by lightning Wednesday, while hiding in the woods near Knoxville, aud was buried Friday. Chief-of- Detectives Brooks is disposed to take this report with considerable allowance, and “seems to think it may have been putin cir- culation by Morril's friends forthe purpose of misleading the revenue officers. “Mr. Brooks is all the more skeptical, as some Years ago a similar report was putin ciréu- Jation with regard to a counterfeiter whom Mr. Brooks afterwards met in the flesh in the streets of Philadelph !TuE, students at the German universities + have never beennoted for peaceable disposi- tiolis and quiet and steady habits. The rec- ord of events of some of them during the Past week will not lead to the belief that they Have improved in these respects. A student at the University of Bonn was killed in a duel; Janother student was hopelesly wounded and is now in the hospital; a student at Berlin had Ils nose cut off ina contest with a fellow student, and the dis- pateh adds: “Scarcely a week passes that some act of brutailty is not perpetrated in some one of the universities.’ It is not likely that a German university, such as the one recently proposed, would” fourish in the United States, i Secretary Winpom yesterday appointed James Law, of Ithaca, N. Y., James IL Sanders, of Chicago, and E. F. Thayer, of ‘West Newton, Mass., a Commission tobe known as the Treasury Cattle Commission, whose chief dutics it will be to investigate all cases of picuro-pneumonia in meat cattle which Shall be reported, especially along the Canadian frontier line and along transporta- tion Hines to all ports of the United States from whieh such cattle are exported. 1t will be the duty of the Commission to see that cattle exported are free from the disease and to so certify. The Commission‘ will meet in Washington soon to perfect plans for carrying out the work allotted to them. The compensation will be $10 per day of actual service, and actual necessary expenses. + Tur trunk-line passenger “ war,” so called, still continues, and the tariff rates drop from day te day,—a result which is not distasteful’ to the people, and docs not seem to be to the Tallroad managers, as it inures to their profit, thus farat feast. The experience of the ‘twar” shows that the new lower rates are bringing more money into the coffers of the raflroads than the old high rates. The rush of travel is immense. Those who have never rode before are beginning to ride, and those who have now ride all the more.’ In- stead of its being a war to punish roads, it is increasing. trade by filling up the cars. It may be that Mr. Vanderbilt has discovered thatit is better to-carry fifty persons from. New York to Chicago !at $10 a head than twenty at™S20, and that to get $500 out of a fuller car is’ more. desirable than $400 out of. one ‘half filled. If ) this be a “war,” then it Is a kind of conflict that can be carried on indefi- nitly without doing damage to anybody. ‘The name “war” seems to be a misnomer. Wars kill, maim, destroy, paralyze business where they are Waged, ana reduce to poftrty, but this war is making money for all con- cerned in it, is benefiting the whole public, and serving people better. than they were ever served before. 1f this be war, then do notJetus have peace, but Iet every ong pray for cheaper fares, which are increasing busi- ness, improving commerce, developing the means of intercemmunicanon, and enriching the whole country. As every one is better served and more contented, and as the rail- roads themselves are coming out of the strife with nore money, why not continue the war? As they lose nothing by it and every one else gains, a brisk conduct of the “war” would be tantamount to a railroad millen- nium. Rarmtnoap stocks continue to decline. Some of them fell off yesterday 33f per eent; others dropped 8, 2, or 1 per cent, The shares of all the trunk lines subsided; also, the Western and Texas roads. That there will bea short wheat-crop in the West is now be- ginning to be understood in Wall. street. ‘The New York Evening Post sums up the situation as follows: The Stock Excbange markets continue, so far As speculation controls them, to be feverish and unsettled, principally because there are as yet | no Signs of the termination of the trunk riil- roti pussenger war, and because it is a critical time with the crops in the part of the country where the railroads are largely dependent on a guol harvest-for a paying traffic. This belur the situation, even those who believe that prices wilt rule much bigber have not the courage to buy at present. siany timid Holders are selling, d the only spirit shown ison the part of me “who accurdingly have the market. In en, it may be suid that the * bull in- is slowly Nquidating, while the short in- tereat Is steadily increasing. baving the courage of recent successes to buck it. * bea ‘Tne last number of the British. Quarterly Review, the mouthpiece of the thoughtful and educated Tories, contains a remarkable article on the subject of free trade in En- gland, the purpose of whicli is to show that British manufactures are devlining, and that foreign manufacturers are successfully com- peting in the English markets. The London Morning Post, whien, under its present management, is the organ of the young and agressive Tory faction of which Lord Ran- dolph Churchill is the recognized leader, speaks of the Revictw article as deserving the “most serious consideration of every man having the fiiture prospects of England at heart.” If points to the United States as acountry where the protective system has worked admirably. ‘The Pust seems to think that the reduction in our National debt is one of the results of that systet, and goes on to contrast the advancement “by leaps and bounds” of our country in industrial pros- verity with the von-advancement of En- gland in that respect, and concludes by sug- gesting that it may become imperative on the part of England tu resort to retaliatory du- ties in order that the advantages which it offers to foreign States may be met with con- cessions on their part. The London Times disputes the conclusions of the Review and the statistics on which it bases them. It“asserts that the Review overstates the excess of imports over exports by §315, 000,000, and that itisa fallacy to regard the excess of imports over éxvorts as a sign of industrial or commercial decadence. ‘The article in the Quarterly Review, taken in connection with the recent utterances of Lord Sandon, Mr. Stanhope, and Lord Ran- dolph Churchill in the House of Conmmons, and the petition presented in that body last week from 8,000 Sheflield mechanics, indi- cates that the Tories are about to take ad- Vantage of the feeling excited in England by the refusal of France to negotiate a commer- cial treaty acceptable to English mauufi urers or to continue the existing treaty. Re cent events-have rubbed the Tories of an election cry. With protection or retalistory duties as an issue they may be able to stay awhile the progress of the iconoclastic Radi- cals. THE USES OF WEALTH. Superficial and croaking Communists are not merely “startling” in their statements, but wildly logical in the conclusions they draw from their false premises, The fullow- ing paragraph from the rambling remarks of one of these brawlers is an instance in point: Every able-bodied man who labors is to-day” the slave of capital. Some muy think they bave beard that expression before, and are disiusted with it. But Iet disgust strike where ft may, truth in this matter suuner or hiter must find a todgment in the public mind. A man whoso in- come withuut labor is, say, £10,000 tically owns twenty uble-bodied lab hundred dollars a year Is youd average wages. ‘Ths man with $10,000 a year ts uble_to-‘consume the entire proceeds of tiventy men, and be at no labor or expense of keeping them. People bave not given suiticient thought to this subject. We have supposed that we were lightening the bur- dens of the people by diminishing ine public debt, when private debt 1s part und parcel of the sume disease. The debts of the country now run above twenty billions, allot which js a lien upon labor, The principal will never be puid, but te annual interest is all that is wanted, an Japor paysitall. We are fast. approaching the ddy ‘of reckoning. What are we going todo avout it?) Tuat is the coming question. ‘The average earnings of workIngmen are recklesly understated. The class which re- evives $500 per annum for each able-bodied man in this country excludes all the skilled inechanics and “artisuns, the greater portion of clerks and buokkcepers, the inass of men engaged in the different professions, and, in- deed, is limited to those who do manual labor of the Jowest grade, without the help of any capital, any skill, or any brains. It is about equally ridiculous and unjust to set up such a class as the representative of Ameri- can farmers and artisans. “he estimate of au average of 1,000 earnings per annum for the laboringmen of America would be none tou high, including the farmers and skilled workmen, We don’t mean that the average farmer sells $1,000 of products every year, because he only sells his surplus after feed- ing himself and family; the gross products of the average American farm, live-stock in- cluded, are worth more than that sum. Aside from palpable misrepresentation, however, the inference which the Socialists draw as to the employment of wealth is al- together unwarranted. They treat capital- ists uniformly as the natural enemies of labor, and ignore the function which capital always discharges when it fs actively en- gared In productive enterprise. The man with an income of $10,000 a year, “owning twenty able-bodied laborers,” contributes to the support of that number in the great ma- jority of cases, 1f he merely spends his in- come, he distributes it among the Jaboring “e peovle who build his handsome residence, who are engaged in making the good clothes his family wears, who supply his household with their various wants, who serve him and his family directly and indirectly. If he em- ploys the surplus of his income in business, as is usually the case, the distribution goes on with some variation, and he continues to share his resources with others, drawing out for himself only the subsistence during his natural life which the laborer obtains, Let us take the extreme case of such a man as Jay Gould, who is probably more obnox- ious to the Sucialist class than any other indi- vidual in the country, Yet the fact is Mr. Gould is the organizer, and to a certain ex- tent the mere agent, of the 50,000 men whom he employs in the operation and extension of his various enterprises. le takes all the risk and guarantees employment at the mar- ket rate of wages to his vast number of peo- “plg They are in practical effect bis partners in business, during faithful service and good ‘selves in proportion to their numbers if the behavior. ‘* Why, then, doesn’t Jay Gould di- | vide his surplus profits with them ?” aské‘the ! socialist. Because. if he did, his enterpr: would come to a stand-still. He would n longer be able to give increased employment and to asume all the risks and guarantee a division of the profits among the great com- munity working with him as well .as for him. Losses in any one’ quarter would cripple him so that his usefulness as - organizer and guardian of a great laboring community would be lost. Buthe “ divides” in another way. If there be a surplus of this year’s profit over what he distributes among 50,000 employés of, say, five millions of dollars, be takes in 5,000 new partners next year for the purpose of still enlarging the scope of his business, and building, equip- ping, and operating new railroads, and thus divides that. surplus among the working elasses. This ‘process goes on as long as success follows in the case of even so selfish and absorbing a capitalist as Jay Gould, and all he secures for himself out.of the process is his food and clothes, with considerably Jess of personal comfort, contentinent, and happiness than the humblest of his workmen enjoys. He works harder than any of them. The ageression of capital offers no menace to the working classes'so longas it continues to be employed for mutual benefit. Even when Vanderbilt purchases thirty millions of Government secu » he releases just that amount of capital for others to invest in productive enterprises. Nearly all the rich men in the United States are employing in- creasing numbers of men in carrying on their expanding works, : The capitalists are busy opening up new coal and iron mines, building new factories, furnaces, dnd warehouses, railroads and cars, getting out Jumber, brickmaking, and stone- quarrying; and they are obliged in wl these enterpri: Tot to employ more and more men, and, the demand being active, wages constant- ly advance. ‘These employers, instead of be- ing masters and their workmen “slaves,” are practically nothing but planning, directing, buying, and selling agents of the masses of men who work under their directions. ‘The hope of profit is what keeps them to the en- terprise day and night, watching over it and taking care of It. Af the tendency of wealth in this country were to take possession of the land in vast tracts. for renting purposes looking to the oppression of the farmers by rack-rents and extortions, then there would be some cause Yor alarm, But so long as capitalists coufine their investments to stocks and bonds, rail- roads, manufactories, shipping, merchandise, banking, and the like they cannot monopolize the basis of the vountry’s prosperity,.nor in- erease their wealth except by employing la~ bor to handle it in reproductive enterprises. So tong as capital shall continue to be active- ly employed the condiiion of the working classes will always be better during a season of prosperity when rich men are’ making money than during 2 season of adversity, | when tich men are becoming poorer. er lene JEFF DAVIS ON SfAC5-30Vs2EIGNTY, Jefferson Davis has revived for the moment by his book entitled “ The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government ” a discussion of the well-worn theme of State vs. National Sovereignty. Itis well understood by per- sons familiar with the subject that it would never have obtained the slightest prominenee but for the existence of human slavery: in ‘teen States. State-suvereisnty was need- ed as a defense and bulwark for that institu- tion. The aftirmation of it meant in reality only that the States were sovereign in: all that regarded slavery; that they had the b power to keep'it at home and ex- tend it abroad; that they could. dissolve the Union on account of it if they saw fir, and divide the National domain among them- slaveholders required it. Practically, the doctrine of State-sovereizn- ty was snuffed out by the Civil War. Theo- retically, it has survived in the minds of a few Bourbons and impracticable visionaries who were taught to: believe it by their rore- fathers. There is no sense ii which States can be truly * sovereign ? without exelud- ing the idea of National sovereignty, A State may be in alimited sensi imverium in imperio; but if onceit is admitted to have the power to dissolve its superior and the source of its authority, it is, in that admis- sion, conceded to be the only true sovereign, and the final depository of political power. ina very interesting article reviewing Mr. Davis’ book, in alate ntuuber of the Dial, Mr. William Henry Sith makes a quota- tion from Danidl Webster, which goes to the root of the whole subject. Mr. Webstersald: Is it not doing strange violeace to Language to call a league or a compu ween suvereiza powers a yovérnment? ‘Lhe Government of a State is that organization im_which the political power resides. It is the political being crented yy the Constitution or fuudamenttl law. The broad and clear difercete between u govern- ment and a league or compact is, that a zovern- iment ist body polities it basa wil of its own, and it possesses powers and faculties to execute its own pugp E conipitet looks to some power tu entorce its SUpulitions. Even compact between sovereign communities there always exists this ultimate reference to a power to fnisure its execution: nlthough in such case this power fs but the torce of one party azainst the torce of another: that fs to 0 power ot war, But a guvernment executes its decisions by its own supreme uutuority. Its use of force in competling ovedience co its own enactments isnot war, It contemplates no opposing party having x right ot resistance, It rests on its own power to enforce itsown will; and when It ce: to possess this power it is no longer a gover ment. Mr. Lincoln said that no government had ever provided in Its organic law for its own dissolution, This is Mr. Webst again, in a pithier form. A voluntary asso- ciation of sovereien States is not a govern- ment. Itisa compact, a league, an alliance. If its powers are delegated to it ouly for tem- porary u: it is merely the diplomatic agent of ils principals. ‘True. sovereignty is not divisible. It cannot be found in one place to-day and in another to-morrow. ‘The evi- dence of it must be authority and the power to enforce its own will. It can take orders habitually. from no other power on earth. All the attributes of sovereignty the United States as a Nation did possess and exercise before the War of the Rebellion. The sov- ereigniy of the Nauion w recognized by every other Nauon in the world, and no other was admitted to exist within the United States. ‘Ihe National Government main- tained an army and navy, made war and peace, coined money, issued letters-of-marque and reprisal,- levied duties on imports, and pro- hibited the States from doing any of these things. These are the usual attributes of sovereignty. No government without. them can be a sovereizn; no government with tgem can be less than a sovereign. There never was a time until the slavery question became “a burning issue” in this country that National sovereignty was denied. England recognized the Revolution a5 one, the cause of it as one, and made war upon the revolted Colonists in their collective capacity, France gave men and money to one cause, not to thirteen. The treaty of peace was ¢| signed by Commissioners acting for one gov- ernment. This was of itself a sovereign act. The territory ceded by England was sur- rendered to a national and sovereign power. Louisiana and Florida, Texas, New Mexico, and California were in the course of time acquired by the Nation, and not by the States severally. The adoption of the Nationa! Constitution recognized in a & sovereignty In the General Goveriment which had previously existed in nate, but which ‘had been deficient in- the powers which were needed to enforce its Ss. From that time jto this the Nation has made war and’ concluded’ peace, levied’ taxes ¢x- ternal, internal,” and direct, has been repre- | sented abroad and received ambassadors # Wome only by authority exercised at the se | of the National Goveriinent in Washington. These are all acts of.the highest sovereignty, which no power. can possess without being in Its own domain supreme and exclusive 6f all other authority whatsoever. As’ Mr. Smith points out,s. the Constitution was adopted by conventions-calied in each of the States, and not. bythe States in a sovereign | capacity.and the preamble declares that “we 4 the people do ordain and establish ‘the pro- visious which follow. cr: Jeff Davis, whose traitor’s neck was merci- fully spared. by. the National Government, might find better employment than thrash- ing over this old Calhoun straw. De -will make no converts. The cause and motive for believing in.“ State-sovereignty ” having ceased to exist, the Southern people will cease to bulieve in it. ‘The North never did. Many may say, theybelieve in it. But they donot. They’ show by actions which speak . louder than words that they look to the Na- tional Government as thesource of paramount and-sovereign power in this country, All other power is delegated, whether it be-pns- sessed by a State or municipality, and Jeff Davis cannot by assertion or argument make it otherwise,‘or induce any considerable number of peuple to believe that it Is so. MILLER'S ELECTION. AT ALBANY. The beginning of the end has come in the struggle at Albany. Csugressman Warner Miller, one uf the regular caucus candidates, was elected yesterday. Mr. Millerwas the candidate for the Jong term, vacant by rea- son of Me-too, alias Platt’s, resignition. Conkling’s vote a remnant of 29, und Aaphan, the regular Republican candidate for the same term, came within five votes of the necessary majority. ‘The events of yesterday warrant tor the first time genuine confidence that the rule-or- ruin marplot will not be able to prevail in his dog-in-the-manger policy to prevent the elec- tion of two Republican Senators because he is not able to secure one of the places for himself to make war on the Adniinistration. The election of one of the regular Repub- lican candidates will be the strongest possi- ble argument against adjournment until the other vacaney shall be filled. Even the bolt- ers who bave been willing to defy the edict of the inajority tn the interest of their“ Boss * will scareely dare to go back to their con- stituents with the responsibility of risking the election of a Democrat to the short term after it had been denionstrated that there was so strong a chance for azreement. Party discipline is strong, even when an ex-Boss kicks against it, and itis all the stronger in the present case because it is backed by the popular sentiment in the State and through- out the cuuntry, ‘Yhe most significant incident in yester- day’s proceedings was the defection of Speaker Sharpe from Conkling’s cause. No man has been more closely bound to Conk- ling than Sharpe was. His steadfast adher- ence to Conkling’s candidacy has probably been more effective than that of half a dozen other Conklingites In the Legislature. But the Speaker could no longer hold out against public sentiment, which has been pressing hardly upon him from the very beginning, In announcing his intention to abandon Conkling, he said. he would have bowed to the will of the majority before this had he not believed the caucus had made a mistake in selecting two members of the, House of Representatives as candidates fo the Senate. This indicates that he has been ready for some time to drop Coukling’s hopeless strug- gle, and was not willing at any time to assist Conkling’s treacherous policy of ubstruction. Even if this disposition be creditea to Sharpe, his defection, alonz with other cir- cumstances, seems to signify that the Conk- ling faction has virtually abandoned the struggle. Vice-President Arthur. has an- nounced that he intended to take no more part in the contest, and Conkling himself is sojourning in Washington, . apparently a passive spectator, Two other Conkling men followed Sharpe in voting for Lapham, and Strahan, who voted for Conkling, only de- clined to vote tor Lapham because he con- tended that the caucus had not been “repgu- larly” called. Nine of the irreconcilable Bucks voted for Miller yesterday, while only three voted for Lapham.- If two-thirds of those who have thus avowed the hopelesness of the fisht shall vote fur Lapham on Mon- day he will be elected. Such a result may now be reasonably expected, and then the long agony will not have been In vain, for Roscoe Conkling will be out of polities, THE ROW IN ROME.” The later dispatches from Rome show that there wasacause for the recent disturb- ances that attended the removal of tne re- mains of the late Pope Pius LX. from St. Peter’s to his final restimg-place at the Chureh ot San Lorenzo. It now appears that the architect of the Vatican, who acted asintermediary between the Cardinals, who are the executors of the late Pope, and the Mayor of Rome, promised the latter that the funeral cortége should ‘consist simply of a funeral car and two or three carriages. ‘The body was removed on the night of the 13th inst, and instead of keeping tne agree- ment 2 most extraordinary clerical dem- onstration was made, in which the Cardinals, hundreds of priests, friars, and monks, the different clerical colleges, and all the ecclesiastical establishments in Rome participated, with elaborate and imposing ceremonies, whereupon the anti-Papal ele- ment turned out-in large numbers and showed their contempt of the procession by hooting and making other disturbances, and some fighting occurred on the route. The row was so sutden that the authorities failed to restore order until the “insult” bad been given. ‘The cable dispateh gives this ac- count of the disgraceful doings of the mob: Attmidnight the coflin was curried from the chupel ang surrounded and followed by a large body: of priests and monks, When the mortuary rucessiuu eet furih the collin « set-upon a ier drawn by borses and priests, and the monks carried lighted candtes. ‘The scene was sulemn in the extreme, but scarcely hud the processfon left the steps of St. Peter's than an uaruty mob of rougos of the city swarmed unround it, bus- tling and intercepting the priests,eddeavoring co exungulsh the candles and to overturn the bier, anu shouting *Loog tive Luly!” *Dowa with the Pope!” © Away with the black gowns!" aud soon. The disturbance became gu great and a four of a terrible riot was 60 imminent chat the cily authorities were compelled to intervene. ‘The pullee force proving nadequate, some cuin- Dunies of soldiers were Iurricdy sent tor. On arriving they uispersed the mub, urder was reatored, the procession moved on, and ‘the ceremonies of Pluciug the budy in the tomb were completed. ‘The present Pope, like his. predecessor a selt-ituposed prisoner in the Vatican, has pow notified the Ambassadors and Ministers ac- credited to the Vatican, through his Secre- tary, that he mnst.henceforth eonsider him- self inore than. ever a “prisoner,” and that he will not be able to leave his confinement toattend religious services in any ot the basi- licas of Rome!--Me has also notified the King of Italy that-he “holds him responsi- ble” for the sudden, disturbance, and de- clares that he will notify all the European Courts of the position: he occupies. ‘This is childish nonsense, and will probably make uo other impression upon European Powers than to provoke a smile, as itis evi- nojified the Mayor of their intentions and asked for police protectton, the remains of Phis 1X. would have:gone to the church as quietly as the humblest individual gues to the cemetery. Behind’ this incident, how- ever, and the cause which led to it, there is another and graver reason why Itahan citl- zens are hostile to the Pope, and thatis his determivation to restore ecclesiastical polit- iedl government in Rome. ‘That clerical ustrpation they will resist to the bitter end.” Iaving for eleven years enjoyed their political liberty, they are determined that it ‘shall not be taken away from them, and in this attitude they will have the sympathy of the elvihzed world. For the small disturbances which have occurred the clericals have been themselves mainty to blame, as they violated theiragreement, but avove and beyond this partitular eplsode, which is only one illus- tratidh of the hatred of the Italians to a Papal political sytem, which to them means living death, it is clear enough that, if the Pope were content to exercise his ecclesiastical functions and let politles alone, he notonly would havé free ingress and egress from the Vatican, but he could have a elerieal pro- cession in the streets of Rome every day in the year if he were so disposed. 3 a | DISTRIBOLIO’ OF W,eALTH. A certain variety of Communists who, without positively advocating the shotgun andithe toreh as agents to check the accumu- lation of wealth, are cunstantly exaggerating the ‘concentrauion of capital and croaking over, what they are pleased to call “startling facts? A letter from one of this class appeared in yesterday’s ‘l'rtsuNE on the presentdistribu- tion of wealth, whiell was aiso full of evil Prophécies, worthy of a Cassandra, This writer, noticing the statements of R. O. Por- ter, Special Agent of the Census Bureau, in regard to the concentration of the g.éat bulk of the registered bonds-in the hands of less than 1,700 capitalists and corporations, says that his own investigations show that one- half the general wealth of the country is owned by 3 per cent of the population! There isavast difference between the in- vestigations of Mr. Porter and those of this writer. Mr. Porter has a talent for statistics, commands a- larger force of assistants, is in actual correspondence with representative men all over the country, and inakes up -his estimates upon trustworthy data. The other makes a sweeping assertion, Which, without any inherent probability, is put furth unsupported by evidence. it is preposterous to iaintain that one- half the wealth of the United States is con- centrated in the hands of 2 per cent of the population. A single reflection will serve to dissipate any such delusion. The lands and possessions of the agricultural part of the ‘American people constitute about’ one-half the wealth of this country. But the farmers of the United States number, in round figures, 4,000,000 families, and represent about 20,000,000 people, counting five to a family. This estimate does not embrace the culured population of the South, but only the White landowners of the Union. It folluws, then, that about one-half the wealth of the country is distributed among about 40 per cent of the population. . Of the other JJ per cent, the bulk of which is urban, it is self-evident that the real estate, town lois, private residences, shops, mills, factories, the stured goods, the stocks of all kinds are not concentrated within 4 per cent of the people who inhabit the cities, nor within ten times that number. ‘he accumulation ot great wealth, indeed, isso excep-ional that it becomes a inatter of notoriety in every com- munity, while the distribition of smnall pos- sessions, ranging from $2,000. to $10,000, is common and widespread. It. is” estimated from careful investigation, for instance, that 70 per cent of all the married mechanics in Philadelphia own their own houses. The proportion is provaoly not so large in younger cities, but must approximate that figure in cities ke Pittsbure, Albany, Cin- cinnati, and Si, Louis. In the sinaller cities and villages it is the rule fur the ovcupant to own the house he lives in. Take the whole Nation together, three-fourths of the families own homesteads, and the bulk of the other fuurth consist of the lately emancipated slaves and recenily-arrived foreigners. ‘The last revorts of the Bank Commissioners of New York State show that 1,000 millions of dollars are held in the savings banks uf that State alone by nearly 400,0Wu depositors, allof whom belong to the laboring classes. This money is loaned out to the employers of labor. ‘The laboring classes of the New England States have as much money in the savings banks as their fellows of New York. dtis a pertectiy sate estimate to state that nine-tenths of all the lands and three-fourths of all the dwellings in the United States oc- cupled by white families are owned by them. The mass of the American people are Inde- pendent freeholders, and there is no rubbing oufthat fact. - THE THOMAS CONCERTS. The name of Theodore ‘Thomas has be- come pleasantly familiar in Chicago during the past twelve years. It was about that many years ago that he first brought his in- comparable orchestra here, and, though his first season was uot a successful one, it was notlong before mus! people recognized his supreme abuities as a conductor, and the rare excellence of his band. Except during his residence in Cincinnati, he has been here nearly every season since, and has given to Chicago the best music performed in the best manner. Whatis called “popular mu- sic” becaine more piquant and interesting when played by his orchestra, and those to whom “classical musie” had _ previously been a‘sort of caviare, found that they be- gan to understand it, and that it was not such a hobgoblin as. they thought when they ‘listened to it under Mr. Thomas? interpretation. Meanwhile, as his success grew, he improved his programs and gradu- ally elevated the taste of the people until at last his programs, containing the higher class of music, a as largely as those devoted to popular music, In the earlfer days his pop- ulgr programs were devoted exclusively to light music, though even in these the light Music was not of alow order, but now he has reached that standard where he can safely place some of the best music even in his light programs, without giving offense to thelovers of overtures and waltzes. It has been the despair of classical music heretofore that ‘it Was not well vlayed, and this accounts for its sluw progress. Light music .may be performed indifferently without injuring it materially, but the ‘higher forms of musi¢ must be well done in order to make any im- pression. If not well done'they areas dis- tasteful to the educated as to the uneducated. ‘e The opportunity for exerting a healthy in- fluence upon the popular taste is. much greater in entertainments like those now in progress in the Exposition Building thah in set concerts. Asa rule, only musical peovle attefid the Jatter. ‘The summer concerts, however, being given at popular prices, and combining social as well as musical attrac- tions, draw ubon the entire community. His audiences are ‘recruited from all classes of people, and to suit-them he has divided up eagh week so that'a person must be very fastidious, or else destitute of all musical dent enongh that had the Papal authorities kept their agreement -with the Mayot'no trouble would have occurred. ° If they’had confined their -pidcession. to two or’ three serrlages; 25 they. promised, or ‘had they apreciation, who dues not find something inc his programs to enjoy. On Mondays, “Wédnesdays, and Saturdays the programs ‘are made very popular in charac- a, and Particularly appeal to_those | he devotes the program to the works of some ove composer (Mendelssolin, fdr Instance, this week), and the numbers selected are those which are best known, and may be called ‘representative. On Thursday even- ings he performs one symphony, around which he groups the best inusic from varlous ‘composers, of a. style and dignity that com- ports with thé central number.” On Friday evenings he performs “request programs,” or prozrams made up. by the people, as in- dicated to him by popular request. In this manner he cannot fail to suit all tastes, and that he does suit all’ tastes is evidencéd by the large audiences which attend every even- ing, and the universal satisfaction which is expressed. Insecuring this result there is one feature which should not be overlooked. | In the present orchestra, numbering fifty men, thirty are from Chicago, the remainder being | ‘leading men from his New York players. The thirty Chicago players had little or no experience.with Mr. Thomas until the week before the present season, during which time they played with him in Cleveland. In those few days, however, his rare tact, personal magnetisin, and executive ability molded them ito an organization which plays as well as if it had been accustomed to his lead- ership for years. It is not saying too much td claim that they compare favor- ably with his old orchestra in all essential points, though they may not display that ‘ ni¢ety of detail which can only come from years of united playing. In these.concerts the managers have: ener- getically united with Mr. Thomas to nake | them as attractive as possible, and also to carry out as closely as possible the plans of the late George B. Carpenter, who had looked forward to them with all the delizht and enthusiasm that always characterized hinin his musieal undertakings. In this they have suqceeded adinirably, and the handsome patronage they are receiving is richly merited. Mr. Thomas has already gained anew hold upon the admiration of Chicago, and it will be still further empha- sized when he comes to give his great fes- lival here next spring. Tue New Jersey inventor of the hydrogen locomotive has been making some fresh experi- ments, which he claims, 1u a recent communica- ton to the New York Tribune, demonstrate tne success of his invention beyond all question. ‘The recurd of March 16 showed a consumption of 51.04 gallons of napbtha, in raising steam from cold water, in a 4U-ton locomotive, to 130 Pounds pressure to the square inch; time, 3 hours 8134 ininutes. April 2y the same pressure was ralsed witb 26 gallons in 2 hours 2 minutes, at acost of 78 cears. In the latest record, May @1, the rate of evaporation began under 3) pounds pressure, while under 100 poundsand up- wards every guilon of naphtha develuped 18 60- 10U pounds, aud every minute showed 33§ pounds gain. Two other experiments are thus described by the Inventor: 2 | ‘Lo test the expense of barely bolding steam over nouht bud the fire turned down ona re- cent occasion at mnety-six pounds pressure for thirty-turee wntnutes, ending with 1 paunds, aud recordig Ydus gallons of oil, or.2.6 per minute. This Just Su percent muvé tuun the rate of consumpuon iv the * biack tire” Just betore, whicu ude steam at a rate that would buve raised oearly 2 pounds, instead uf four pounds pressure. in tuct, the limit is not yet fuund to the novel rule,—ibe butter the tire the cuewper.. Tne consumption of more oil with a nurrowed ferd in tais experiment ig un- derstood by rememuering that the steam teed is nlsu checked, permitting the on tu enter more freely. Anuther experiment was mude to test the Supply of steum by using it to the full ea- pacity of the 16x24 inch cylinders. The ensine was tied up by toe brakes and the throttle putled wide open, causing: the driving. wheel to Spin round at rate that made them look lke a pair of uebulie vn euch side, slipping on the track under their lund of 43 tons. Atter several spurts of this sort, pressure was found to be 110 pounds. As final experiment, the hydrogen apparatus was removed und the engine was restored to its condition us a cuul-burner. With cottun-waste, saturated with naphtha, loose pine boards, half a cord of wood, ana’ a ton. and abalf of coul, steam enough to start was raised in three hours ata cost of £15, while the hydrogen process did the sume work fur 78 cents. If ul! that the ine ventor claims be true, a wonderful economie reform has been discovered io railroading. ————— Mr. Moopy, the evangelist, knows Gui- teau. When the Moody and Saikey meetings were going on in Chicago in 1876 Guiteau volun- teered as an usber. He hud aa immense red, waite. and blue roset and u baton in ols hand. As suon as Mr. Moody suw him he bud the roset and baton taken away, and refused afterward tolet him act as usher. He then became active in the inquiry-rvoms, and bad to be turned out two or three times. Guiteau wrote to Moody threatening bim with prusccution, “Iam a lawyer,” ynid the assasin, “and will prosecute everybody connected with the meeting.” He Tottowed Mr. Moody to other cities, and ran up .board-bills on bis account, and was ae- nounced therefor ws a fraud and an impostor. Mr. Moody etuted to areporter who culled on him at Nortnteld, Muss., that be “bad known Guiteau for ten yeurs; bad never had sway con- fidence in nim, and thought bim a bud man, He bad more egotisin und assurance than any man be knew,and oe thought that he wus not entirely sound in his mind.” SS A KIND-HEARTED clergyman of Richmond. recently married a: West Virginia horsedeaier™ who bad not provided himself with a certiticuta, and, therefore, deferred payment until the next morning, woen he promised to call at the cler- azymau's house with the fee. With a surprising degree of faith, considering that bis debtor was a jockey aswell as x grou, the minister ree turued hume. But on the following morning no Benedict appeared, and aftera few duys it was discovered that the happy couple had slipped across the mountains. But the purson was a man of resources, and prepared to secure satis- faction In one way if be could not in another. He accordingly inserted fn the newspapers a marriage notice which ended thus: “ No cards, nd ¢uke¢, uo cash, no certificate.” If the horse- dealer bas a spark of self-respect he wil recog- nize “alliterution’s artfula.d,” and discharge his indebtedness by return mail. $$ Tne Sydney (Australia) Herald states that in a fortnight over 2.000 Chinese arrived at that Port, and that they descrived themselves us but the pioneers of an immense body of ewigrants who were en route from Hong Kong. Both ploneers and main budy were of the poorer ctass, “who bad scraped together the £8 for their pas- sage and landed penniless.” They received al- most ns cool a recepttug in Sydney as they would have doue in San Francisco, and were as unwel- Como to no one as to the rich Chinese merchants and traders in $ who were compelled to keep them from starving until work coutd be found tor them. These truders declured that 20,000 of. their less lucky brethren would pour ia on them before the year wus out, and that there would be no cessation to this flood of paupers unless prompt and decisive mc sures were tuken to stop it. $a Tur tax-eating tribe appear to be getting a pretty firm fvothuld In the E.gin Council, and are plying their trade at-the expense of the taxpuyers with vigorous enterprise. Lust year the uppropriations for current expenses were $19,015... For 1881 the uppropriations are 37.024, or nearly double, which indicates a rapid progress In the urt of filehing the eurnings of those who work fora living and aré not pensioned on the public, Reform 3 manifestly necessary. ————— eae Tue Pall Mall Gazette cites the British Consul-General's report concerning the trade of New York to show bow completely it pusses through British bunds on leaving or entering that port. Lust year, it seems, a tonnage of 3,103,037 arrived in New York in ships built and owned in Great Britain,—1u7.599 tons more. the Gazette notes, than the whole tonnage of Britisn vessels entering at Liverpvol during the same. time. iy —$—<—— Eoyrr is a small. country, the fertile parts hurdly exceed the area of the littie State of New Jersey. The public debt of Egypt amounts to- day to $450,000,0U0. The revenue of Egypt is burely 342,500,000, and out of this $20,000,000 bas to be paid uway to the creditors, and $500,000 goes to the Sultan. .‘Thus'2 comparatively sinall sum is left for other .purposes.’ Nevertheless, Egypt seems to prosper: in spite of her heavy burdens, and last year sha not only paid what she was bound to pay, butshe also paid $1,500,000 on her Qonds.. The improved 1 credit bas, Egypt. Capital ts pouring into the country: and a great nuinber of companies f@ suznr-retioing, ; frrigntion, lund-cultivdtion. jute-growing, and building purposes have Veen established. The money rate of interest has fallen from 13 per cent tu about 5 per cent. and lund which sold three yearsago at $59 per neré. is now sought in vain fur $150. During three years the viiue of the unitied-debt bonds alone hns increased by $75,000,000; and durimg the year 1850 the value of the cunsolidated-debt bunds rose from 33y,- 000,000 to $400,000.00. ‘Tbe fiscal und funcial réforms have been most thoroughly and en- ergetically carried out, but beyond this vers little hus been xecumplizhed. Commissions ‘huve been appointed to Introduce reforms in the Departments of Wur and Public Instruction. The ex-Khedive left behind bim in Ezypt an ariny of nearly 10.400 men. UWnaer the new régime this force was reduced to about 6,000 men; but provision for ‘the supernumerary ollicers, who cousider that they bave a vested right to receive bed and bourd from the Govern- ment, still continues to be # serious embarrass. ment tothe authorities. The only present use for an Egyptian army is to create internal com- motion and émeutes. a Tne present. Czar of Russia is making strong efforts to ingratiate bimself with tha peasantry. He is determined to mark in every way that be is 4 Russ‘un, und not a man “vite ated by the wornout ides of the West.” He orders that peasant deputitions should be in- troduced Urst, bas commended the army to weur beards, und bus clothed the St. Petersburg Police in the old costume of Russia, knowa in Western Europe as the “Turtar™ dress. This exacuy accords with bis conduct fn tssutng, on his accession, a epeeial address to the peasantry, us If they were the immediate supporters of bis throne, and with fis rumored intention of trans- ferring his residence to the Kremlin. This attie tude should inerease the popular. regard for him, but then is populur regard of any use.when. the educated class is so out of humor that it svmpathizes with those who employ oullets? The love of a nation is a great thing. but it did not save Lincoln, though be was attecked only by one inan, who had not ascended to the night, of using dynamite, glass bombs, and electricity for assasiuation. Do cherGyMEN commonly fish on Sunday while on their summer vacations? A minister's wite says 80 ina letter to the C.ngregatinna iat, but the editor replies: ‘We believe this to bea gross libel upon evangelical ministers generally. We haveseen a large number of auch ministers on their vacations year after year in various Places, and bave never known one to go fishing on Sunday.” oo Norrn Dearsony street is in great need of cedar-block paving. Some portions of the street are becoming almos: impassable for lzht vehicles, so full of boles are the decayed pine blocks. if a two-inch plank foundation ba placed under the blocks cedar will lust on that street fifteen to twenty yours. Trartay laborers are nearly as unpopular in France as the Chinese are in California, bee cause they work tor wages at which a French- man turns up his nvse, and because they are steadier and more intetligent. na Tne Chicago spoils organs are losing all hope that Arthur will become acting President, and, a3 a consequence, they are becummg more and more sour, abusive, and slanderous. a OBITUARY. JOHN WRIGHT. The death of John Wrizht, the well-known caterer and restaurateur, which occurred Friday night at bis residence, No. 119 Thirty- first street, is deeply regretted by his many friends in this city. Mr. Wright was born in Herefordshire, England, in November, 181S, making him nearly 63 years of age at the tme of his death. He came to this country from England iu 1837, and settled in Albany, N.Y. Inthe year 1854 he removed to this eity, where he established himself in the restaurant business, and since that time hé has been actively engaged ia the saie nusi- ness. His first éstavishinent was on Ciark street, airectly in front of te Court-House, and it is well remembered by’ Chicago’s old settlers, many of whom used to buard there. -in isi7 he bought out Mr. Kinsley, Who was ihen in Crosby's Opera-House un Washinzton street, ara remained there until the great fire of Isti, For some years he managed the Palmer House restaurant, and Jaier he did the eacering at the Exposition Building, running the restaurant there dur- ung the Kuignt Templars’ Conclave and the Saugerfest. At the time of his death he Was caterug for tie Thomas concert season, He has also been catering for private parties, and many of the old settlers thought his services were inuispensaile. He was a generous, large-learted man, and counted his friends by the hundreds, For many years he was one of the Wardens of nity Episcopal Church. He was taken sick wich pueumonia about five weeks agy, and has been contined tu his bed ever since. He leaves a wiuow only. ‘The late Tuomas W, Anderson wits his nephew, and liis sister, Mis. Grace Anderson, is now in Engtand. ‘the funeral takes place at 3 o’cluck this afternuon from his late -resi- dence, by carriages to Graceland. ‘The Rev. Dr. Locke will olliciate. LATHROP JONSON, Mr. Lathrop Johnson, of Ontonazun, Mich, died there on the 2d instant. Mr. Jolson was a resident of this city many years ago, and kept a hotel here, He was proprietor of the first restaurant ever opened in the city, whizh was situated on Dearborn street, about the place where the engine-house now stands. When the Lake Superior copper fever broke out here Mr. Jenson was taken With it, and left for that region, where he has since resided. ‘The Onivnagen Miner of the 9h instant has we tolluwuys obituary notice: “The death of Mr. Lathrop Johnson re moves alinost the fast of the old pioneer resi- dents of Ontunagon. Mr, Johuson was born at Cazovenia, Cattaragus County, York State, on the 29: of July, 1802, and consequently Was 79 years old. Iie wns the son of Capt Eoenezer Jounson, who atitined uch prom inence and notoriety during the Revolutions ary War for his bravery and fortitude. “Mr. Johnson removed to St. Joseph, Mich., in 29, which place was then a dense wilder- uess, with no road but the Sauk or Biacis Hawk trail. In 1834 he removed to Cui- cago, then a mere trading-pust. He kept one of the firet hotels erected in the city, which was known as the New York tlonse; it was situated on what is known as Lake street. He was a man Of extraordinary — activity and. business ability, and soun entered into busie ness life in the then future great City of Cule cago. . He took the contract from the Gove ernment to build the Joliet Canal und to carry mails. Owing to the buming of the bublic buildings at Washington, the papers were burned which brouzht him into liga tion with the Government, and, being unavle to collect his just dues, he became tinancially ruined. Mr. Johnson earried the first mail from Chicago to Milwaukee; this was during the Black Hawk. war, his horse waking ninety-nine miles a day. {n 1346 he removed. to Eagie River and opened and Kept the Johnson House. Here one of his daughters was born, and was the first white child born Temoved to Ontunagon.” J. H. LEONARD. John H. Leonard, a young man: of more than ordinary promise, in the employment of the Northwestern Road, in whose service be lust a limb four years ago, died recently of quick consumption at the home of his uncle, dames-P. Redinond., one of the old settlers of thiseity. Since his accident he has been connected with the freight department 0} that road, where he made many. friends by his genial ways and inanly _ bearing and especially commended himself to the Officers of the road by his business-like habits, Mr. Hernett being among his best friends. His many friends, among them @ number of the old settlers of Chicazo, pald thelr last tribute of respect to him by atten ing his funeral. * ——— STOLEN. PROPERTY. Mrs. Jane Burr, of No. 150 West Fourteenth Street, 13 locked up at the West Madison Street Station, charged with receiving stolen property. Detectives Reid and Stanton, who made the are rest, found in ber house a lot of steam-¥ and brasses belonging to Johu Davis, of No Michigan street, und which were recently stolen fromthe new Court-House, und also sowe woich were recently stolen. from No. 1 rs the shores of Lake Superior. ln Iss ha gS |/Uake street. The officers expect to recover & y of atulen property De ‘Wahiawa day or tw —-— ‘cousiderable qrax lougmsg: to Mr. Lat