Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 3, 1881, Page 10

10 BOS' IN. at the fourth, with its grand mausoleu! ns, . and the statue of Mausolus, Prinee of Caria, | ir which was classed as one of the seven won- | m Beauty of {ts Suburbs—Faneuil Hall and the Old South Church. Meander, trem the Vatiean Venus of the Vatican, statue from Jouvre; Mars, from the Villa Ludo Rome: Apollo Musagetes; Clio and ‘1 » | hh from tie Mall of the Muses in the ¥ 15, Euterpe; sts of Tragedy and Comedy, from the Vatican; the Lavcoon, from the Vatican; reliefs from the Villa Albani;,a cchic procession, from the British Mii- euin; Diana we Huntress; the Dying Glud- iator; tae Wounded Gaul, ete. IN THE ROMAN nooM Is the Apotheosis of Homer, a bas- lief found on the Appian Way, where the iia. of the Emperor Claudius once stood. Thi s purchased irom Prince Colonna, in 1819, for 34,00, by the British Museum. Here Netelius, from The Museum of Fine Arts, and Its Remarkable Collections of Antiquities; The Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and Law- rence Rooms—Paintings—Gallery _ of Textiles, Ete., Ete. i al ry PB —a goingy out Into the Specie Correspondence of The Chicago Tribune. Bosrox. M June Ridicute as one may the presumption of Boston in assuming the title of * The ilud,” few visitors to this elegant city wiil dispute its right to the cog- nomen. . Tiere everything controuts you with a pleasant aspect, impressing the conviction that municipal Jaws are conscientiously ad- ininistered in strict accordance with public the Padicitia; Agrippina, mother of Nero; the Bronze Wolf, from the Jusco deb Con- se fore; mardle mask; Acteon devoured y his dogs; a. bust of Cicero, from the Vat- ican, ete., cic, of the G wt Orpheus; tie First Inspira suburban quarters, where beauty combiiies r el; Beethoven; Will-o’-th With wility in an enchanting manner, and De oes t ar Paster ieee Where public anthority and private enter- | 1) Be by. iar y Mosier. a sa cophagus Se gp tr ee Paster ese aul r "i fe with each other in embel- | Cove Do eae aed other specimens Of | Fe our well; but. ah re did tive domains, His true PAINTINGS. and there hes her choicest gifts, and this metropolis In the hall on the second floor are seen th figures of Virgil and Danie in bronz of the second bronze gate at the Nature here fav! adorns .the suburbs of iptistor with picturesque ‘beanty rarely met Pores > Ghi e useful and honored members — of caressing linnd, has penetrated Iaby- cher, Le "Brun, ‘and other fauine artists; gathered fro ae ums of ay nore rinths " where solitude once reigned | while in the adjoining rooms we see the | OF other Eastern cities, brought West, an aubieny, Corot, Theodore Ituysiun, David Teniers, Ibert Cuyp, Jean Francuis Millet, Troyon, works of Dup: Tous ean, Van supreme, 2nd palatial lhomes now border magnificent avenues curving here and there around erystal ponds, and at times under faz de Ia Pena, Roybet, Diaz, Jules Dupre the grand arcades of folinge, all goldenin | Gerome Gustave. Dore, Greuze, Van der ‘sunlight, ang so gorgeous in the hues | Velde, Guerciny, Caracci, Rubens, Tintorettd, i Fra Bartolomeo, Van Ostade, Molbein. Peter Lely. Sir Joshua Reynolds, David, dyke, Delaroche, and hundreds of other pict- ys a aint the c “IN ALL xn,” remarks Sir Charles Dilke, ‘there is no city which has suburks, so venerable as the elm- shaded towns around Boston. In her south- ern suburbs, in Roxbury and die hills beyond, Boston may Henge compirison with al- most any city in the world. This undulating region, superbly wooded, and covered for with couniry-seats inevery conceivable vu of architecture, from the once prevalent Grecian temple to the now fashionnble ace, and were purchxsed Ue by Prince Demidotl last y pissing notice, i) bearing the signatures of artis will convey an idea of their style and In their sombre trai: to old palatiat wails. an in: may be given to toss wao admire tie glare and glitter of the modern frames, whose only merit fs te witha attention from interior at the ‘They merit more thu thou! A e merit, ci rd roof, i: portfolio crammed with } paintings to their gorgevus and obtru on bane ones hee jilte svelver, (MEL). 80,44 Gt She ple ais rom Sa ‘To this end we do not need any new or- solden green; the trin buckthorn hedges; | whose beauty claias attention on account of | £avization or new institution to appeal to an the treilised roses; the coummingling of vine, | its armon swith the pictur ay already overtaxed — public for | sup- cha, maple, lareh, chestnut, and fir | iu “‘Teniers, or 2 Buy and espe- port, Bab ee petite cobp iu. the — grov unexpected | cially a Cuyp (who were the favorit masters | Hon of al aStbe Be Gels. and wa the gleam | of Prince Demidotf), would not accord) with volving no additional expense, execpt as of towers and mellowlinted house. | We style of framing So mueh admired in our Be dereatier siiteds (Oar doing Tot he eae ; Hizh art does not require the mere- rohan -Asyiuius, Newsboy onts, far aml near; the old avennes bbed with Gothic boazhs, are among their Teatu ind one can scarcely say that any- thing is wanting.” dw! city in the y ic for displays, senhanced in beauty by surrounding ony. We must pass over the Galleries of Pottery and Pores 1 dis. vu vorld can boast of grander histerie memo: ” Almost at every tie Inission ule cool Wurhe ean turn there iethng to remind you of the it, Algeria, Persia, China, ete. 5 as “The visiturs quaployed i tho ollices of te- i a eae aren et fe: , -AuET ‘ Hef & Aid Society and the County Agent. heroism of the people in me struggles of the | as modern productions, although many of For the examination of suehj eases, ant especially interesting, ‘The Lon- « of China here appeals for noti te that the word Longevi tre ity vi ou Lwill ated ¢ and emeralds set in pure gold. hat liberty which now loons up so around which is centered the ectual culture, the most ad- vanced opinions of religion and philosophy, for tl xty thes in characters formed of ‘There 2 i jest et ji is also the seal of the Duke of Wellington, a ete iB - ae dottiee’ faved ob art ana silver box once presented to Jasophine | 2 active and efiicient ageney. | 1h patly now the history of by Napoleon. ‘It is truly dificult to pass by | Temains the getting of the children so gath- FANEUIL WALL, the contents of this r fly, as there | ered intu homes; and here is where the only ie iberty *: bi the contents of this room so hastil: there expense is Involved, except Indirectly in the that “Cradle of American Liberty”; but, | is a world of study here for our modern frotense of work of the. ather ageneles men- accustomed as we are to its historical asso- | decorators, especially in tie Nuremburg dis- ciations, few can enter its venrable doors without experiencing profound reverence for the old building within whose walls the greatest questions of our Nation’s history have been discussed. The pictures on these walls also forcibly recall memories of the We now enter THE LAWRENCE ROOM, and soon imagine ourselves transported to the Sixteenth Century. The wulls here are covered with oak panels splendidly carved, and are surmounted with arms and armor, rot Lon- si past: Here we see Samuel Adams,— seproduetisns ot culls in ane Fow roe ta i res dren Out tas asterpiece of portraiture v lon, the armor of Henry LL, a shield o! 1@ | ready; and, at seasonable times, se Copely: Eaunrd Everett, castes Washing. ‘Thirty Years’ War, rapiers of Charles ¥. | them to see that they were receiving proper 7 } WRAL dore Pr bles and sabre trom Waterloo, | care and treatment, and making such ton, Abraham Lincoin, Commodore Preble; presenting the history of the | changes as should be found necessary. ‘The e: tc. ‘There are nine portraits earved on the paneled wail. tel are those of Henry VI., and Elizabeth of York; wife of Henry VI1.. Over the east | t door are Henry VILL, Edward VL, and Car- | ti dinal Wo Opuvsit are Elizabeth, Essex, and Liccester. Ebony and other cabinets, Portuguese chairs, ete., complete the furni- ture of this extraordinary room. I will close with an invitation fo ladies in- | i terested in decorative art to ¥) Gallery } of Textiles, where a tap: 3 hung that once belonged to Louis Piilippe, and which is { over 200 years old; Gobelin tapestries of the Sixteenth Century; an Arrazzetto of the same a maguificent picture of Webster replying to Hayne, by Healy: and numerous others, All, too, have heard of the Old South Church, with its “many square pues on ye Jower flore”; and, even amidst all the grandeur of modern churches, interest clings more fondly to this sanctuary where Whitefield once preached, wherein Franklin was baptized, and where for more than a century anda half *‘election-sermons” were preached before the Legislature. In Colonial ays the people assembied here and resolved. te resist the taxation of their oppressors, and disguised men weut forth from the old build- lod: estry designed by Le Bruh; the 4 Py 7 period; a tape: f ing to attack the ships laden with tea, which | Castelfuni collection, of Rome, consisting of | sume the entire expense, they would never soon was boiling in the angry ocean. hangings and altar-coverings, tunics, bed- | know it at the end of the year, so far as its The impossibility of recapitulating a tithe Moorish embroideries; and covers. brocak of the objects of historical interest with | also those from Turkey, Greece, pt, ete., | been the source of any privation; and I can ‘which Boston and its environs abound in- | ere, -And there are laces of the Sixteentin | but eli that some one reading this me to introduce you to the Museuin of | Seventeenti. and Eighteenth Centuries, with | article will indicate his or her Fine Arts, which .contains the finest speci- | modern embroidery that deserves especial | readiness to. assume such expense, mens of Assyria Roman, and Byzan- tine artin America. The-collection of Egyp- tian antiquities also probably exceeds that ot any other museum in the United States. _ ON ENTERING THE EGYPTIAN 200M, the elaborately adorned mummy of a lady of rank, Anchpefhir, greets the sight, with its pictures, and emblems, and incription as clearly defined as when they were placed there, thousands of centuries ago. This body has been unrolled, and was found tu be pped inqmore than a thousand yards of linen, which being replaced, the eartonage, which “fs made of cloth tightly compressed and cemented and fitted to the form while is was. arranged’ In its — original i mention, which, however, iy limits will not allow. R. Sanrorp. —— aati THE CARE OF DEPENDENT AND NEGLECT- I ED CHILDREN. To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune. =aCicaGo, July 2—In a-great city like | b Chicago extremes meet. ‘There are found | } abundant wealth and squalid. poverty; the highest types of education and refinement, and the densest ignorance; Christianity and | i the various forms of benevolent effort, and the lowest types of ighorance and degrada- tion; children who Jack for nothing which abundant meansand loving care can provide, and others living and growing up under con- ditions of utter nexlect, subject to The inscriptions on this have been “transiated as follows: “O Sun! when thon goest forth beautiful out of the. East, beating down with thy rays upon the twin lands of Egypt, O give thou to this lady thy | the most demoralizing and. degrading beans, making thy eves to hover over hers | influences, One who has never had oppor- en thou guidest thy barge into the e thou the waters of The two wooden and, W’ presence of Os Aures to Anchpethir. tunities for acquiring a knowledge upon the subject has no conception of the large num- bers of children in our city growiag up un- cases Of this mummy are standing upright, | to the Jetot Hae eal The | see atid funds | der such vicious and degrading surround- eae thaw SOs eae ieee ings. and with such a lack of proper parental a picture of. the deceased in small propor- tions, pleadine her ex before Osiris, who is holding the crook aud whip,—the emblems ofhis dominion. The figure of Truth stands by, wearing her ostrich-teather. Below this we see the Exyptian Pantheon; and near the feet is Hathor pouring out the water of life. OTHER MUMMIES, with tneir coffins, are ranged along the walls—sepulehral vases, containing the viscera of the deceased, and bearing the ame of the presiding genius of the orzan_con- tained within eact of the vessels, being ced above them, Some of these are in alabaster, and date from the time of Pharaoh care, as to render it almost an absolute cer- tainty that they will develop into the ranks of the criminal and dangerous classes,—the boys as thieves and-burglars, and the girls as prostitutes. And this in spite of tne fact. that much benevolent effort has been expended for the benefit of ue- pendent aud neglected children, as well as of others of the dependent classes. Aside from moral and benevolent consid- erations, this is a subject that commends it- self to every citizen who has the welfare of Hophra, 500 years b. C. society at heart. ery child growing up “Among the necklaces and gems, a ring of | under vicious surruundings is a standing green Jasper of the time of Thotmes H. (B. | menace and source of danger to every busi- C. 1591) is a magnificent work of art, incom- a pee ais, parable in its beauty. “Phere are fragments | Hessman and property-owner. — ‘This of sculpture, some from tne wall of Belzoni’s | class is- largely the = source — of, tomb; alidof a sarcophagus wonderfully | supply from which come our petty carved in green ba al ey nah: outer thieves, hoodlums, burglars, safe-blowers, Wile cae EES GE ON peg CL | gatroters, and highway-rubbe: They fur- zned 1,500 y figure representing e the calin ex- ssion so characteristic of Egypti Leaving behind us the bu: Tr TIL, B.C. 1600; Rameses 11, B.C, 1407; Seti IL, B. C1300; the great bas-relief represent- ing Seti L attacking the fortress of Kanana, before Moses was in Egypt; and other won- derful antiquities too numerous to specity, we enter H nish the element always ready on any oppor- tunity for rivts and disorder, and compel the maintenance of. our large police-force, and allthe machinery of our criminal Courts, Jails, pridewells, and penitentiaries. Society has no right to allow, and is bound by the law of self-preservation to prevent, the existence of such conditions as threaten its well-being; and this entirely outside of the claims of htmanity and benevolence. When these are added, the duty of interven- tion for the rescue of children from such un- toward and vicious surroundings, and placing them where they may have a chanee to de elop into honest and useful eitizens, con- uibuting to the welfare of tke community, instead of preying upon it, is largely in- ergased. THE FIRST GREEK Toon. Tere, among other magnificent and won- derful bas-reliefs, is one of Parian marble from the Villa Albani, considered to be the most ancient one in Rome, the subject of which archeologists: have not been able to determine; a goddess stepping into her | v thariot; .. 2 uercules securing _ the Menalian ‘stag; a consecrated tripod, with bas-reliets representing the struggle between Apollo and Hercules for the pos- session of the tripod which the latter had carried off from Delphi, and on the third side we see the tripod brought back to the temple. Passing by other rare antiquities,we are arrested by the lions over the gate of Mycena, “through which the Spartan contingent marched to join the army under Leonidas and fight amtins: the Persians.” ‘This piece of sculpture the most ancient work of its kind in Gre In the second Greek cr Olympian Room we find numerous casts from, marbles found at Olympia, original groups by Prax- iteles. and evorid of study for archeologists; ened danger; what such children? ‘Cher ‘pei boys, who have received their edu who ious tendencit on in ee oalrendy developed a J sas to need correct discipline, such as a well-reculated Indus- trial Reform Schoo! would supply, but which, untogtunately, we have uot got,—our Stat Reform School at Pontiue only _receii boys after they have developed into crim- inals and been convicted and sentenced in the criminal courts. But,-aside from these, of whom we have yet something to say, there are large numbers of children of both sexes which vagué Statement must also apply to { who only need such discipline and the third Gaye Room, to allowusto glance , training “as are furnished in the ders of the world, fam In the: fifth Greek Room is the Apollo Belvedere; the Belvedere torso; two Her- cules; Escnlapius, from the British Museum ; the Crouclilne. eo best development of the young, Tum: wisdom has never yet devised an institution that ea: limited extent, and from the Hom boys’ Homes, and other institutions. while these institutions stand with doors to receive th hedges to compel to secure homes in which to place them, so that, ins hh x perfection in | “After ng through the Architectural | #elively i fre s rtainly merits the con- } and the Renaissance Rooms, we arrive atthat | abused a d children, This Work 5 2 Mpaueeallicd lees tats Bea yente tee Ahlgele is no untried experiment. It. has been te not only observable in. the densely-popu- floor, with is iuagnificent mar- | foimgon in the West for the last twenty- tied portions of the city, but equally soin | jes among whichis the head of St five yea Added to those who have been ti r sent out from this city, thousands have been sent out by the Children’s Aid Societies of or adjoining were ‘known, there cannot be found men and women in good circumstances, and placed in homes. Ee - A year or two before the Fire, the writer, then in charge of the work of the Relief & Aid Society, received a letter from one of the cent t y that both he -and his wife, when children, had been brought out by the Children’s Aid Society of New_York, in that town, dteabers, of the perience of twe' the country, in_ alin Home, and sin may be gaihered in. homeless, bringing them before the proper Courts for “ to, it homes, the Iinvis. Humane Society, in it department of wor vith i xe I- el tioned, Diag, whil-ite hinges, bell-pulls, ete. For this work, which could and should be done under the direction of a joint commit- Jee representing the above named, -there wv vote his time to ascertainin, borhvods chi 2 cou taking parties. of children out as fu i salary of such an agent, and his expenses, Over the man- | would be about the only direct expense involved. changed in the y 3 munity, notified that on a certain day a party of children would arrive, would make pro- vision for their free entertaininent till placed expenses, it. ought not to make a canvass of the public. u in Chicago a thousand men and women in such circumstances, and with such an in- cue, that, if any one of them were to as- having caused them any. in and thus open the way by which this’ in- ereased activity in the rescue of children can be inaugurated. Any person willing to be one of tive to mect such expense could in an acquaintance the other tour. benevolent work prosecuted in this country satisfactory neglected. treatment of that el: but shail have to defer it to some other time, ina yard, where they hud strung some twine for clothesline, und were washing their dolls’ garments in a ditbinutive tab and panging them his hand jerked the whole. d: the line and scattered it on the # *bled over in tears at once, Violet was i. too, but the necessijs" of playlag peacemaker in the fmpending fai thought fn min 2 Bi I regulated family and public sclibol. No nstitution, however well endowed and ably ninaged, can take the place of the natural ly as a place in which to give the Tiumnan the place of the family. ‘fhe solution of this problem, then, of what to do with these dependent and neglected children, would scem to be to place them in ames in the country. © And this, to'a is already being done, has been in past years. early ail our institutions for the reception nd care of children give them out for adop- tion, or on other. conditions, when suitable nd thousands have so gone out for the Friendless, the vari- syluins, Foundling and News- But, open se that come for shelter and give fein out to homes as_op- 3 offer, We need more active effort, highways and them to come_ in, nd then eaually energetic and active efforts omnes offer us Orphan nd ort now, hundreds these institutions Into such they never dreamed of. : ide from one agency in this city—the Humane Society—1 know of none engaged in this work of rescuing f£ securing coun: tates in which, if tha tacts 1 counties of the State, in which led that he wished to secure He-then went on to si e writer a ilu for adoption. and vlaced in homes y had grown up, become me church, had married, stablished 2 Christian home, and now Th cil to exten ‘0 - ‘Some "homeless hild the same loving care which they had ach experienced, : The fact has been demonstrated dy the ex- e years that homes in t unlimited number, secured for negles n this work be prose- ud vigorously than it is ty ain by proper effort b ity children. “How uted more actively an wr institutions are wuple to heiter and care to all who For the seeking out of nd neglected chitdren we ud active ald anc department, city ais ford temporary, ‘ivus Institutions pre- sent to country for. cbildren, furnishes ‘ious institutions wd be needed the who should de- in what neigh- ildren could be placed in homes; tas ervices of an efficient agent, ‘There is no railroad leading from he city but would furn free transporta- ion, unteSs railroad-otlicials have” much lust few years, ‘Any com- n homes. weet For thesalary of an agent, and hisincidental be necessary to There are uvenience or ‘cleot his or her hour’s time secure in the ¢! I firmly believe that no. department of in the last twenty-five years has given so ii results as that of placing children in country homes. Lintended ut the outset to @ included in this article the question of the proper ss of both sexes in which are already developed; vicious tendencii O. C. Gibss. ar THE OUTCASTS. + For The Chicayo Tribune. attic, gritn and seant, ed creature lonely sat— was lined with pain and want; ve be cried. “Begone! Avaunt!”* As o'er the threshold crepta cat. “Stay, stranger, do not drive me hence! I pray thee, list my tule of wo, { um too poor to give uifense, But, lucking now in every sense, i scarce feur either word or blow. “Tt was not always so; nefore 7 They turned me out the streetsto roam, T always fund an open door. + Alas, when we grow old and poor, ‘That we shouid be without u homet “The children loved to stroke my back, When 1 was sleek, and round, and fat~ Watch the sparks tly and henr them crack, And cull me pretty puss. Alac I'm now but # neglected eat! “ Once, when a bell the children found— Atiny, tinkling betl—they tied It with 2 pretty ribbon round Biy throat, and at its merry sound ‘They laughed and laughed until they cried. “ But now, whene’er my form they spy With ready hand wey ling the bat, And Lamm forced for life to tly; "ve Jost a foot—an enr—un eye: Alas, 1 \ “My teeth are gone, my claws are dulled— 1 caunot hope to take a rat. ‘The halr trom my scant pelt is pulled My fire from backyard garbage culle [here is no pity for x cat.” 4m. a Sorry cat! “Poor creature, you have come at Inst ‘To one who feels your wo—like you, By ail the harsh, cold world outcast, ‘To dresim of an embittered past ‘Thut proved all fulse he onco deemed truc. “ Come, outcast, ragged as you are, ‘ake half iy crust: ‘us bard and dry, and all L have—but you shall share; And, while T live, 30 shail you fure ‘Till one or both of us shall die.” cE. B. SSEEENEEEaseeseeeeeee Oil on the Waiters. vate co. Symteuse Herat, Two little girs, Lily and Violet, were playing ut iodry, Along came Lily's brother, master ack, the Juvenile tease, and with une sweep of wasting trom ras. Lily bub- saddened, ily quirrel was the tirst 80 slégsaid, soothingly: Never mind, Lily; let's play Jack was a kick wind.” Obstructions of the kidneys and attendant peeps will prove fatal if not removed by Hop CURRENT GOSSIP. THE DECEPTIVE TENDER-‘FOOT. Gunnisun (Colo.) News, It was a tender-footed chap, Had Inte arrived in town; His garments wore a glossy nap, His chin a fuzzy down. He had an alr of innocence And features like a ebild. Mis blue eyes gave you quite the sense Of Mowers that are wild. I di It was a hardy miner, who k Hud worked for many a day In digging out'a sort of flue Through rock that didn’t pay, Espled this tender-footed chap And cried in bonest glee, “Hello! you pint of buby’s pap, Come and take a drink with me.” a to the condition of the ec A much coal is there, Susan? How long will It was tho tender-foot raised up Adis blue and childlike eyes, And looking past the flowing cup, ‘Look iu the mince's size. Then rising tike a buttertly From off the dewy rose, He murmured, ** You ure young to die, But ready, U'suppose.”” It was the man behind the bar, and ull the others then, Set up a shout that traveled far and echoed back ngain. For they were men of humor rare, Acd thought it fun to sce A little three-foot-six chap dara “Sass up" a six-foot-three, It was tho giant miner who, Le With purple in bis face, Raised up 1 hain-shuped band to do Manslaughter in the place. And "twas the little tender-foot it last while if you don’t have any there isn’t much left?” left, ma’am!” my mother?” touched: man: “Because you canteyer be my mother- gentleman who is absent: says one of the company, “didn’t you know there was a terribl cd Bvith a glance of gratitude towards his physician} have a good doctor!” ‘Two natives of Bordeaux at a restaurant. “Waiter, a bottle of Chateau-Lafitte. Some- thine good now, for we know what is what, we do.” The waiter brings the precious bot-. tle. First native, sipping, isting, and swal- lowing—“ Ye-es, that it is!’ From a rather rocky vineyard, facing to the east, a trifle exposed, about half-way bout the thing; yes, lown the hill”—— Second native, his eye indline—“ Hush! I recognize the vine!” Which shows they were experts as meritori- ous as the old wine-taster who was ran over exb, and when they poured some wine lips_to revive ‘him, gasped feebly, 1873,” and died. ad prity, jons herservant as. feu “How Spring having set in with its usual se prudent housewife ques: “Well, mavam; it will last quite a y fires.” **'Phen “Phere isn’t any Character of an absent friend: “He never talks unless about himselt, and when he is silent it is to think of what to say next.” Young man, in the bright Revised Ver- sion uf whose youth there Is no such thing as 2 first commandment. with promise: Mama, do you know [’m real glad you're Mother, equally surprised and “Why, my dear son?” Young n-law 2? x Ina drawing-room’ they-are talking over a © What? he?” lal about him only le scan Who dodged around bis nose, pecougte ob Evervboiy—* No! And in Just thirty seconds put’ Tol What waeiee Lad Eason noe ‘Thereon oné hundred blows, Tt was the giant miner now Who curled upon the floor, And "twas the little tender-foot Who sauntcred toward the door: And ‘twas New York drummer who, While standing at the bar, Remarked, + Nhat’s Billy Edwards; Can't the little devil spar {"" i L FACTS CONCERNING JAY GOULD. San Franctseo Post, ‘The other morning while Mr. Cole, the pro- wolf-hu Toyal, and prin outwith costumes and horns “of the period, and they range the woods from morn till ve forgotten all the particulars, but I know it was at Monaco the summer before last, and he was caught cheating at eard: “4 or caught mnebouy cheating him at ecards, and he was jecked out, or the other man was—L haye sucha poor memory tor circumstances—but know it inadea terrible scandal, and he wzs the very man! The Grand Duke of Gerolstein organizes a t for the :umusement of his Imperial, y visitors. Everyone turns ? prietor of the approaching cireus and menag- dewy eve, but find ne’er a wolf. ‘The Grand erie of that name, was picking teeth on | Duke is furions. “Scoundrel !” he exelaims the steps of that excellent circus hotel, the | to the Baron von Seidlitz-Powdertz, hered- Russ House, a tail, sunburned, baldheaded | itary Grand Jluntsinan of Gerolstein, “you man, With pine burrs in his clothes and a stick of sassafras in his mouth, approached and said: “* Be you the wild animal man, mister?” The proprietor of the “Double Mammoth Mastodon Agzregation” admitted that such was the fact. “Then,” proceeded the party from the mountains, “I think I’ll get you to make ine. an offer for a large-sized healthy California lion I’ve got.” “Good specimen, eh > asked the circus man. “Good? WellI should say so. Measures eleven fect from the tip of his nose to the tip of his tail. Caught him myself when a cub. Just four years old toamerrow.” “ Hum—zood appeti “Appetite? Great Scott~appetite! Well, Lshould smile,—that’s just the point,—tnat’s j ‘ting with Jay,—I call him use he takes everything in. Appetite and the queer little things it shin jdo I wouldn’t part with Gould for a fortune. oS; poe ki di th MI hi Ishould call etly,—sorter nibblish, though, akinder habit of gnawing In fact, the neigh- s Pe re Eul- he may be. up things, so to speak, bors—L live up at Bindder’: i ten to be so fussy and particular of late that Lean’t so much unchain J. G. for a lit- Uetresh air without their getting grumpy over ic!” E “There’s no pleasing some people,” said } the hippodromer, “I should say not. Now, frinstanee, ‘bout three months after Jay gut to be as big asa boarding-house sofa, Lcume home one day from a picnic and tound he had eaten up Aunt Slaria, who had been left at home to | mind the house,—leastwise she was nowhere to be found; and, as Jay Gould seemed sorter bulgy-like, and kept-coughing up hairpins and false teeth fora day or two, we kinder suspicioned the whole thing.” “Maternal aunt??. inquired the showman, thoughtfully. Zip ae , Hwactly. My wife took on dreadfully at first, and wanted mé to shoot Jay right off. But ftold her that he probably suffered 2 good deal as it was, and. that as most likely he'd catch rheumatisin and things from the remains, we'd better call it square.” “And did she??? “ Well, she kinder got reconciled after a while, especially as Jay seemed fond of play- ing with the children. One morning soon after that my wife’s mother—whole family ived with me, you see—didn’t come down to break As all her false hair was hang- | a chair-back, ould crawled out ing his chops, and with his tonguea good deal coxted,—mother- in-luw was always taking things for the Jiver complaint,—we saw at once it was an- other ution of Providence, and that the heavy hand of atliction was again upon us.” “ Looked that way, didn’t iv?” “ Well, as you may suppose, the old Jady } that’s my wife—pranced around a good deal then, and got down the breech-loader way, But just then arrived a gold medal from the S. P. C. A. Society, awarded on account of my forbearance in’ the Aunt Maria business, and so I got her calmed down aftera while,” ** Vacilied her, eh 2? “Yes; 1 managed to arrange a reprieve for Jay, somehow. You see, 1 was always awful fond of pets, and tender hearted, and all that, you understand. I argued that the poor animal didn’t know that he was doing Wrong,—merciful man is merciful to his beast, ete. That smoothed things overfor another month.” “What happened then 2°? “Well, one day Lsent Johnny, our young- est boy, down to the store tur some sugar, and he took Gould along for company. Now, Whether it was because Jay was’ fond of sugar or not,] don’t know, but he came home alone, and, as soon as we notived a pe- euliar kind of bulge on his ribs, about as big olny, we concluded that the dread wi mi wl si eh about.to shove the powder-kegz under Jay | W Gould and touch it off herself when I pointed it wouldn’t do to desecrate our off- bin that way, So Ijust had the ice read’ over the lion and tied neck for thirty days. Low crape aroun doi ire” paid 40,000 marks a year, you done with my wolve die, nuw, what would: 1 be? you.” doctor, just 1 Weall inust die, * begeaur he wa im,-and he will be preserved to you for niany years.” ‘| pray, sir. what the d v to come meddling in family affairs 2” the subject ot Jandlord, himself Like 2 nan of honor, he at once sends word that he is prepared to offer reparation in the usual way. | thei: principaland inform him that his land- rooin up-stairs and my have received due repz never does rain butin the vi cantile shipping on the first day of the week. ‘The docks boasted 8 little church, or Bethel, there, chiefly for sailors. What have Wifeof a prominent pub. fune. to visitor who is complimenting her on the high social position she hotd Yes, and you are ver‘ ir, to. say it; but what little of so ind, distinction finay have acquired is entirely he were to Lleave it to iection— ue tomy Rustind’s offi Visitor, after mature ri ‘You would, madame, be a widow ! an uncle millionatre and gouty, who an alarming attack. ‘To him, enter rom the chateau where at “Well, sir, your hh? Poor old cock! . Good-hearted old aul? No! Vve cured he old gentlen: uele ig? —— ” “Ah, you haye, eh? And layvie. i At the close of a somewhat heated discus- een & landlord and his tenant over ft repairs to the premises, the ‘ 'y olticer, so far forgets tenant 2 vox 0” the ear, The tenant’s seconds wait upon Lis entirely at tis disposition and he ean tisfaection in such manner as he pre- Ss the challenged put new paper on the baek bed- wounded honor will “ution.?? i A CLERGYMAN'’S CONGREGATION. Chambers’ Journat. The following anecdote is related as having actually occurred not many months ago ina large northern seaport city in England; and we @ have no reason to disbelieve it: It was a Sunday, and it was raining as it hich hoisted the Union Jack every Sunday jorning, in token that service would: beheld. The clergyman ho officiated weekly at the Bethel hap- pened to be rather later than usual on the ! Sunday morning in question, owing to the dificnity he had in getting a cab, the rain having caused those vehicles to be in great demand, utes before 1 the driver should be over, edifice—to find himself alone there. He arrived, however, a few imin- and, hurriedly bidding for him ull service he entered tho - sacred Pos- ‘ire Hot more prone to ather than their fel- ‘ait bly, Seafarmg people a pureh-gaing in wet wi Jow.sinners who live ashore; anyhow, every seat was vacant, ous man, so he resolved to v an hour, on the chance of some waif or stray turning up. warded; for after the lapse of a few minutes one very wet man came slowly in, and seated himself with sume hesitation on one of the bacl put into that haven under stress of bad weather outside, all the public houses. and other congenial places of -shelter being closed. Now, our parson was not only a zealous but aconscientious man,—not always the same thing,—and he resolved that nad he but one solitaty unit instead of a congrega- tion, he would pursue the service in full to the bitter end for that unit’s benetit,—at least, as Jong as the unit would bear it,—and he proceeded to do so, and accomplished it, probably his auditor, he condescended to address him personally, telling him that since the in- clemency of the weather—we are not in re- ceipt of information on the point, butwe feel sure he said inclemency—had prevented the usul attendance at the church, he would forego the sermon he had prepared, and would content himself with making a “ few remarks.” ‘This, however, his hearer begged hit not to do, and expressed a great d to hear the sermon; so, pleased with this evi- jan was a zeal- ‘The elerg ait a quarter of His patience was not wnre- benches. Even he, probably, had only At the end of the liturgy, touched by the patient endurance of @ ul another Skidmore—my ag ‘hs Sak one t eh Fi acs A) dence of intelligenee among the lower or- MJ oar s producing, he took the victim at his word, and let him have it, The text duly chosen, blossomed into firstly, thirly, fourthly, and lastly; was folluwed by “one word more,” aud still the unit sat undismayed, secondly, conclusion” After it was. all over, the preacher came aor tnt p ent theanimal chained 2” | Cow! shone i ae thanking “Wel oe NE ieh ok if at hin warndy for attention; his gratitica- Avell, no. “The fact is I set out to get a] sion being somewhat diminished when he cl chain several times. but one thing and an- other prevented, until one day last week I netually missed the old. lady’ herself. looked around for her a couple of days, somehow of a sudden L sorter intentioned where she was. I gave Gould abou half a pound of emetic right away, but all we could gee out of him was a pair of high-heeled shoes anda chest protector. It was too late —too ute! We put the shoes and things ina colin. and had Jay led behind the hearse to Wanted to have as much of you see? . $8 place in them i sighed heavil Don't wonder you want to sell the st.” remarked the menagerie wan, after & pau: ste Well, I sorter do and 1 sorter don’t,” said Mr, ib wer ye now we old lady is gone, I. is go ai in the hol atit with bi lite proprietor in charge, w! discovered the enraptured listener to be his eabman, the sum, total of whose “half a crown an hour for w i rially augmented by the lengthof the worthy divine’s discourse. ing’? had been mate- LOUISVILLE SPORTS. Louisvilte Courier-Journal, The latest racket in the racquet line has turned up on Jefferson street, where the headless figure of a negro in song-and-dance habiliments is painted ona canvas, with the legend, “Hit the nigger and take a cigar,” over it. of the head, and yesterday, when a Courier. Journal reporter stepped into the ‘gallery, 2 ‘, With his forehent i A_ hole is cut in the canvas in place thy-looking dar! up ina re , Was displaying his hea and a boy was cheerfully fi balls. “Three throws for a nickel,’ said the po- hhasmile, “If pu iit the head you get acigar.” ‘The reporter laid down a dime and gather- Lup the bails. ‘There was something in the outliy Uf dhe insect had-—well. had | ildusleaut of his eye which carried terror pose I just have this box tianled around to | to the soul of the dusky target. . your shave afer the performance this atter- hoon, and see if we can’t ste bargain.” ce ht,” said the manag “Pin go- ing up Salt Lake way after awhile, and per- haps Lean work hiin off for biz money to Mormon elders.” i mint of coin in him as a family id the other earnestly, and, atter the circus proprietor fora season deadhead, the widower shouldered his un- brella and drifted sadly down street, PAPER-WIT. orld. Le Charivart represents the actor Tya- cinthe, who is aman of an unbounded nose, snitling ecstatically at a splendid rose at the Horticultural Exhibition. Excited guardian, rushing up and imploringly—" For heaven’s sake, sir, leave some’scent for the others!” Gentleman, who isstitfering from a pain- ful-and incurable disease, to a friend-who has called on a visit of sympathy—“ Ab, yes, PARIS EW: reporter, plained a gentleman standing by. r supposed to be lacking in the cruelty to hit the inanin the face, and. your tenderfess makes your himself for a shot, “here goes for a he exclaimzd, as his x his head tied up for? asked tho is he pecled his coat and pushed up hirt sleeves. AlNttle bunged up about the eyes, to- answered the proprietor, cheerfully. y the tine the reporter had got ready to fire a ball like a catapult the glarky was in a high rolling 7 te of exciteinent, and his eyes were Ww What is the Secret of the throw?” asked the reporter, “Itis the secret of the ‘buck-ague,’” ex- aim uncertaine? “Well,” said the reporter, as he squared ull’s- nnd a bucket ur blood,” hen he drew back to’ fire, however, the W darky had ducked his head, and nothing but the round, seen. The reporter fired away at this three black top of the cranium could be business had you. 1 paint the dining- } inity of mer- | times, and the third ballstruck the head néar the ear, and bounded up to the ceiling. The target shook his head- considerably, while the reporter took a cigar, handed over for his skill, A friend then took three throws, but the “buck-ague” was strong upon him, and he ‘threw very wild, much to. the am ment of the.crowd, and especially the tarxeb, “Tt don’t make any difference,” explained somebody, “how much you hit the durky on the head; it don’t hurtit. But if you hit him in the face it leay sear.” ‘The target was quite healthy-looking, and seemed eheerful while he stood on one sid waiting for another customer to try his s! UIPS.” : A blacksmith is always on the strike— when he is not blowing. No man Is wholly bad. There is the forz- er, for instance. He isever ready to write a wrong, “Waiter, here’sa fly inny tea.” “Thank you, sir; 1. didn’t notice it.” Lays downa check for five cents. Clarence Cook asks: ‘What shall we do with our walls?” If they are caterwauls, throw bootjacks at them. An electric light under a beer-glass and fastened to the shirt-front will be the fashion- able pin for seaside-hotel clerks. ‘The man who was the coolest person at the battle of Waterloo has just died. ile hid in the icehouseof the chateau during the con- st. A Canada farmer discovered a pit contain= ing five hundred skulls. Must have been the site of an ancient theatre to have had somany deadheads in the pis. A Danbury bootblack was in South Nor- walk when the train went through there y terday on its way to Hartford with the 3 tion’s qmilitary dignitaries, “Did you see Gen. Sherman?” asked a citizen this morning while having ashine. ‘ No; was he looking for me 2?” was the response. Residents of the Mangrove Islands are ready for a war with America, A. ship cap- tain sold them 10,000 needles without eyes and 3,000 cans of sand Jabeled “ Baltimore Peaches.” A young painter says, with an air of sin- cerity, “i don’t want to brag, but 1 cherish a huuble convietion that I pe: cellences of Raphael and Mich without thelr detects.” But,?? says one of the auditors, “in that case you are superior to both.” * "Thanks, old fel,” says the artist, Pressing his hand warmly. Mrs. Agassiz found, one morning, in one of her slippers a cold tittle slimy snake, one of six sent the day before to her ntific Spouse, and carefully set aside by him for safety under the bed. She screamed ‘Phere is ‘a snake in my slipper?’ ‘The savant leaped from his couch, crying, “A snake! Good heaven, where are the other five 2” We don’t know that any man ever owned an umbrella for two years; that is, the saine one. If there is any sueh man in the coun try we should be pl to receive his name and address, not_ necessarily for publication, but merely as a guarantee of ood faith, We think he would be a curiosity, and would, furthermore, be quite an acquisition to some travelmy show. Besides, we Should like to borrow his umbrella.—Puck. LINCOLN’S LOVE. A Correct Statement of 1x Proposal to Mary Owens, Narrated by Her Son— Extracts from Lincolws Letters. Sr. Joseru, Mo., June 29.—To the Editor of the St. Joseph Gazette: In the Gazette of yesterday appears an article copied froma Chivago paper entitled ‘* Abraham Lincoln’s Love,” in which occur some errors that Iam tempted to try to correct. ‘The article re- ferred to purports to be an interview with W. G. Greene, with whom I am well ac- quainted, in which a history of Mr. Lin- coln’s courtship with - Mary Owens is given. The Mary Owens referred to in the interview, and — who, in 1840,'married Jesse Vineyard, was my mother, and, while I am not at all certain that itis best for me to say anything, yet as the language attributed to her is such that no woman of my mother’s education could have used, and as there is evidently a mis- take with reference to her engagement with the ex-President, I have coucluded to send you this communication fur publication. L “aim persuaded thatthe correspondent ‘of a Chicago paper has not correctly reported hig interview with Greene, so far as corrrectly expressing the replies made by Mary Owens to Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Greene is a gentleman of excellent sense and judg- | meut, and I know his appreciation fof my mother and her attainments. | to be such that he would not have attributed to her language even border- ing on illiteracy. In a communication to a biographer ot Mr, Lincoln, whena descrip- tion of Mary Owens was sought for publica- tion, Mr. Greene'says of herg “She was tall, weighed 121 pounds, and had large blue eyes, with the finest trimmings I ever saw. She was jovial, social, loved wit aud humor, had a liberal education, and was considered wealthy. Iam getting old; have seen tuo inuch trouble to give a Itfe-like victure of this woman. [won't try it. None of tne poets or romance-writers have ever,given us a picture of a heroine so beautiful as a good deseription of Miss Owens in 1836 would be.” Another member of Mr. Greene’s family, writing to the same biographer, speaks of her as “very intellectual—the most intellectual woman he ever saw.” I will be pardoned for having referred to these opinions to show that whatever Mary Owens, who died in 1877, said to Lincoln, she probably addressed him in good English, and. Mr. Greene is doubtless incorrectly reported. in this particular, But the real purpose of this communica- tion is to correct the mistake in the article to which reference has been made, so far as it relates to the engagement of Mr. Lincoln. [ often heard my mother. speak, before her death, of her acquaintance with this man who subsequently becume so distinguished, She always spoke of him as aman of the kindest fellings and the most generuus impulses. She id that she learned upun one occasion, when Mr. Lincoln was crossing a prairie, he eame to where a hog was mired down. He hadon his best suit of clothes, and resulved at first that he would pass by without helping the struggling animal out. But when he had gone a little ways he looked. back, and the poor ereature seemed to say: here now, my last hope is zone.” He could steel his heart no longer, but got down and released the floundering animal froin iis difficulty, and then went on his way with soiled hands and clothes. She spoke of him as aman of fine common sense. But, though she ad- mired the man for his many sterling qual ties of head and heart, yet in person and gait he was so awkward and ungainly, and in the nicer and more delicate attentions of man to woman he was so defective, that she could not love him, ; it was in 1896, while Mary Owens was’ vis- iting a sister of hers in Menard County, Ili- nois, that Mr. Lincoin beeame acquainted with her, and finally in 1887 he offered her his hand and heart in marriage. Ue pre- sented his suit with a frankness end candor and with a sincerity of purpuse that were of the-man. Shorily ‘proposal, and after an intima- nit would probably be unavail- ing, Mr. Lincoln went to Springtield, HL, as a member of the Legislature uf that State; from whence he wrote Mary Owens a letter, dated May 7, whieh: letter and others from the writer are still, among ‘the papers belunging to the ite of my mother. a\ part of that letter reads as follow is my intention to do all in my power to. make her happy and contented; and there is nothing [ can imag- ine that would inake me more unhappy then to failiu the effort. I know I would ‘be much happier with-you than the way Lam, provided_t saw no signs of discontent in you. What you have said to me may have been the way of a jest. or I may have misunde: stood it. Ifso, then let it be forgotten; otherwise, I mucit seriously before you decide. For my have already decided. What £ have L will most po: ty abide by. provided you wish it, My opinion is that you had better doit. You hi not been accustomed to hardship, and mmay_ be more severe than you now imagine. Lknow you are capable if wish you would ine of thinking correctly on any sub and if you deliberate maturely on this before you finally decide, then I am willing to abide your det 7? After Mr. Lincoln’s offer of marriage had® been declined, under date of Aug. 16, 1837, he again wrote to Mary Owens as follows: “You will no doubt think it strange that I should write you a letter on the same day on which we parted; ‘and [I can only account for it by supposing that seeing you’ lately makes me think of you wore than usual; while at our late meeting we had but few expressions of thoughts. y, é that I cannot sce you, or tise of pate indifference; and yet,it may be ‘thaeet ® -mistaken in regard td'what my ‘reat toward you are. it E knew, yon y should not trouble you with tnieeee D avs any other man would y withoutfurther inforuadong ha my peeultar rizht to plead’ iznogy your bounden duty to allow the in all cases to do right; and lysoin all els pertiowhan tiene else, to do right wi you; and Ie would be-duing right, 25 Leather ghee would, to let you alone, I Would dg j Further on in the same letter he at “What 1 do wi is that our further auaintanee I depend on Yourselt, sueb further acquaintance woutd cont nothing to your happiness T ain reine nottoimine. Tf yor feel you inane gree bound to nie, I an‘now nets Whiley pleas t "4 hil 1oSt patients A woinen. LC yay? more than and lease you, provided you the other hand, an Willing ev ious, to bind you fasier. it Lean be ita that it will in cette ny considerable Th i to your happiness. This, indeci by question with me. Nothing oink rit more miserable than to believe you mise, ble,—nothing more happy than to knows, Wine foregoing ext t i: ‘The foregoing extracts from th Mr. Lineon are reterred tu in th etlese tion, as demonstrating the correctness of th information which I obtained from, : mother when talking to her on. this sabi? She said vaat while She admired iim, shes not entertain for him that feeling wh would have justified ner in zecenting offer, and that she and Mr. Lincoln te; were in fact engaged to be marriew, & found great pleasure in his company, } when the time came fora final de: sh concluded, after an examination of hers: heart, that it would not be right to tell hi yes, and so she told him no. B. R. Visevary, Winchester'’s Mypoptosphite, will cure consumption, comzhs, weak tts bronchitis, and general debility. Establish twenty-one years. ELECTRIC HATR BRUSH, REMARKABLE LETTER HOUse oF Rerresextatives Feb, 12, Iss. . For the first time in life Lam induced to give testimonial. Noticing in some paper an adver tisement of Dr. Scott's Electric Huir Brush, Ie $3 for one, and find itindecd aremarkabdle bray My wife hus for years suifered with headacts ‘The brush cures them at once. Several friess have used it for headaches, and it bas ner failed. My wife was also getting Prematurely bald, but the brush has entirely stopped thefat. jog bair and started a new growth. [use itt remove dazdruif, and it works like a chars Five times the cost would not buy my brush if ‘gould not repiucy it. To-day T bought of Mest inont. druggist, of this place, two brushes tases to friends who buve tried ‘mine and request! me to buy for them. Col. Ponder, Mayor ¢ Walnut Ridge, was attacked by a severe cased sick heuducte while at my house, He was vey sick. My wife proposed to try the brush, whie he finally consented to do, with no faith ick however. In three minutes he suid be never fet better in bis life, and directed me to send bin brush. I huve authorized MeAtmont, the dry gist, to use my oame in recommending Yours truly, George THORNBURGE, Speuker uf the House of Representatives, Lite Roek, Ark. Mr. Thornburgh ts also Grand Hizh Pziest, Rol Arcb Mason, and Past Grand Master of Masons ¢ ‘Arkansas, LITTLE ROCK, April, 1 ‘To the public: Having been troub'ed by letters ai ing if the above Is cenuine. I hereby declare ittote striclly true. It way given voluntary. witbuut solic tation, and this is my answer to ull Inquirers. GEORGE THOnNBCRGE Book yy, N.Y. stored my hair and always quickly curest REV. A.C, BRIDGEMAN, DL It res wife's headaches. It is a splendid brush; cures my he: minules, Irecoumend it. J. 8. Cis SVANSVILLE, Ind, Athas paid for itself handsomély, tev. J. Q*ADaut WILLIAMSBUNG, Mia, It willdo all you clatm for it it hus cured hess aches, neuralgia, toothuches, und theumatism fnog familtes. REV. HM. Lasc. Domestic SEWING-Macutne C Ei Wife suffered for years with neuralgia. Brushey tirely cured her. Uexny D. BARTLET These testimonials came to us unsolicited, st we xet.such every day.. Pamphlets mailed Ine Tis rcmurkable Brush has imet with great ms cess, and is warranted to cure Nervous or Biliod Headaches in five to séven minutes, cure Ner ralgia and Rheumatism in. two to five minuts, and to quickly stop falling hair and baldoes All dealers ure authorized to return the priceit not as represented. A Beautiful, Pure Bris Brush, We will send it postpaid on recelptad $3, or by express, C. O. D., at your expense, wit privilese of examination. ‘The Pall Mall Electric Association, 42 Brosé way, Wallack’s Theatre Building. For sule at all Drug and Fancy Stores. BAKING POWDER. Bade from Yrofessur Morstucds’ Add Fhosphate. A Hecommended by lending physicians. Makes lightor biscuit, cakes, ete, and a healthier than ordinary Baking Por ere: : Incans, Sold at a rensonablo price. The Horsford Almanac and Cook Book , sent free. Ramford Chemical Works, Provigence, BI ands3 Linke-st, Chicago, 1 ONO Bake-st. Chiesgc =f FLORIDA WATER. IMPERISHABLE PERFUME “Murray & Lanman’s | FLORIDA WATER, Best for. TOILET, BATH, « and SICK ROOM. SS, F REAL ESTATE A TQans, H. J. GOODRICH, REAL ESTATE BROKER, ™ TAN CLA AGENT FOR TILLAGE OF HYDE PS Office, 5 Major Block, 145 La Salles BAIRD & BRADLEY, Loan, Real Estate, & Renting Aga No. go La Salle-st. “_- Money to Loan, On Improved Real Estate at 6 per cen ‘WM. V. JACOBS, (Basement) Portland Blocky MER SCHOOL OF LANGUSOMS Et . 3 Wi day. Joly 613 ore tral Susie liad, ed's. nie and. W, Osi Evans 2p. invited to, Evanston, 1, at2 p.m.” Ail are invited fe: Send for circular, a :