Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 1, 1881, Page 4

x e b THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, MAY 1, ISSI—TWENTY PAGTS, we serviees which M. Grévy’s countrymen rendered to our country, and ot making it appear more approprinte still that the de- scendants of those who teok part in the toil Elye Trilame, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. telpate in the honors. ———— It seems more than probable now that the Republican Caucus Committes will mend-that the Senate go into executive session early this week to consider the Chinese treaties, which will probably be acted on favorably; also .to act. on some¢ of the numisations made by the President. The coniirmation of most of the nominees wilibe unopposed, and the maln fizht will be over the confirmation of Stan- ley Matthews, Judge Robertson, and William E. Chandler. There appears to be little doubt that Matthews and Cbandler will be defeated, and Conkling and his frlends are represented as being confident of the defeat of Robertson. The senior Senator from New York has been untinng in his efforts to induce the Democratic Senators to oppose Robertson, and to convince the Republican Senators that they should act on the so-called “courtesy-ot-the-Senate * princivle. His ef- BY MATL—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPATD. . Dty cdition, ome yeur... I'nris of a vear. per monta Daify and Sunday. one v Tuesdsr. T wr-dar, and Suineda Monda, . "Vednesdas, and Fridny Sunday, 16-pase edilton, per you WEERLY EDITION—POSTPAID. Qne copy, per ye: Club af Bebr, Ter Speciten copies Give Posi-Ollice address fo full, ncluding County 2n2 sate, Remirances may be mado elther by draft, expross, Post-Office order. or i registered letier, at our risk. TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Dally, delivered, Sanday excepted. 25 cents per xeok. Dahy. delivered, Sunday incizded, 30 cents per Feek. Address THE TRILUNE COMPANT, Corner Madison xnd Learborn-sta., ¢2lcago, 11l POSTAGE. ‘Entered at ths Post-0fice at Chicago, Iil, as Stcond- Ciass Matter. For the benefiL of aur patrons who desire-to send single coples of THE TRIBUNE through the mall, %2 Give herewiih the transieat tale of postaze. Demes'ee. Per Copy. " Elght and Twelve Pace Paper. 2 conts. | forts have not been wholly unavailing, it Slxteen Page Iape centa. | 0 would s Eisbt ang Twaive Pazo -3 comts. ——— xirigendiske £ o CETYWAYO, the Zulu ex-King, has taken on himself the task of tryimg to console Queen Victoria for the many defeats tntli ed on her treops by the Boers. At the same time he Intimates that the defeats were en- tirely due to the unwisdom, not to say worse, of her Majesty’s advisers, in sending an inadequate force against those whom s pleased to call the *‘turbulent al Boers.” He then toes on to ad- e her to send a stronger toree to make them *fleeand beg for peace,’” adding that the Buoers, ** who are dogs.” should be punished for their tlagrant and unjustitiable disobedi- TRIBCNE BRRANCH OFFICES. TNE CHICAGO TRIBUNE laus established branch ofices for the recelyt of subseriptiuns una adsertise- FAIDEN, Munacer. GLASGOV American Exchange, ¢ Strand. Arent 13 V¥ atreat. Revaiar comn ton Tue T i is |i)‘u,'lr nail, euruer West l.\lx er-sis. | cuce to her Majesty’s authority, When it embers whieome. At A T AL ™ | remembered that Cetywayo and his Zulus in- Hicted several defeats on her M b A S | traops, it is diicalt to know whether to i e Suliesn Visiun® | qyjle ot the untutored simplicity of the L W AuSWORTL, Master. dusky monareh or to adwmire his sareastic impudence in attempting to console the 1. GIL. W. BARNAKL, Séereturs. 2L A F. & AL Queen for defeats intlicted on her troups by (GARDEN CITY LODGE. Htute. cummantestion Faciork CLEVELAND LODGE, NO. Action wili be taken on tie propused amendment t0 Dby-inws ul reiulac comeunication. Thursday even- | others. diie, May 5., 1551, A tull suendanee i3 requesied, 63 thie Imembers. 1L TATHAM, W ML the muiter is of importany s M. Gr.ADSTONE has replied to the resolu- PETIGAGY (LOMMANDERY, NO. 10 KNGUTS tions sent him by the Irish Catholie ops. EMPLAR—Szazed Conclave Mondey ovening, May & fssane 3 St T e ;03‘" teviem, | Heexpresses bis sense of the nm.;orvé.uue of And seenrsal o the itribules of the O, s o as ¢ “y Baran RSN R o | the T ulutions, coming as they do rom ** a DAVID GOODMAN, tecorder. body so intim stely assoctated with the Irish peopls hem for their appreciation of the goud iutentions of himself wnd his colleagues in introducing the Land bill, and assures then that the Government “will show no slackness ” in pressing the bill. if it appears that it is acceptable to the Irish people. So far very well: but Mr. Glad- stone says, in reference to the® amend- ments, eighteen in number, recom- mended by the Bishops, that neither himself nor his colleagues can consenttoany amend- ASHLAR LODG cesenl Tue Frawroity cordially lnvued. Hali, i3 AMonrossr i €. H. CRANE, Seeretary. HESPERIA LODGE. N0O. 41 A. F. & A. M.—Men- Ders are nereby notified 10 ntiena n fecuine Com- munication ot the Lodie tv be held Wednesday s+ oning. Miv 4, Ioil, ‘at “the hal and HaiSicd-sts, Visitiog brethre ; e . JAMES SMITH, W. M, CHAS, B BRENAN, Secreiars. ST. BERNARD COMMAN! TEMPLAL—Stated Conc Ay 4 at8 o'cleck. W DERY. NO. 5. KNIGHTS ve Widndsdus wren.nd, it Order. Vis® Wik Sur Snizuisare courteousinslad. BYorder | ment which would give thebill “a new char- i J. 0. DICKERSON, Recorder. Comwmander. | geter.” At the saumne time he is reddy to con- sider any amendmens which would improve the weasure within the princivles already laid down in reference to it. In faet, Mr. Gladstone’s acknowledgiment ot the resolu- tion, while exceed:ngly gracious, indicates that he is not willing to mwend the measure in thedirection indicated by the Lrish ecclesi- pecial CORINTHIAN CHAPTER. No. () K. A. M, Gonrocadon Monday evenng, Jlay 3 at 3 O'civek. wrs o the 1 Aren Desres. Visiting campun- 2 iy incited. By oraer. & J. 0. DiCKEKSUN, ARTHUL WARKINGTON, Secrewary. iw'p. 0.6, 4. F. A, M.—Resular ‘dresday for bus ness of i~ risnce. M muers are beceby noitind to atiend. Visiting Bréuiren cordialry insl od. By .der of W. AL ¥ » LOUIS WEYLLE, Sccretary. — CHICAGO CHAPTER. NO. I, R. A. M.—Ifall, 141 Twenty-second-st.—Rézulur Convoeation W ecues: das eveninz nx 3 o'clock. Work on the Rosal Atch. Visiting companions eordially inviced. By order of Dt HAMILTUN, AL E. 1L P. ELI $MITH, Secretary. : APOLLO COMMANUERT, TEMPLAR-Stuted Concluve Tuesday evening. May CLEAN THE SIRER{S! The how! in New York City over the filthy streets has shaken the whole State. It has furnizhed new party issues, and arrayed fac- tion against fae.ion within the line of party. NO. L RNIGHTS 3 ht'l.flm. s 0;5!0\1_!‘_:’ ;‘x“fi’rd" hvrv-'vr‘\‘n assemb & Not merely the City Council and the resi- ¥ By orde e Emine : A Eoitadaer. ) TN AT Neconters” | dents of the city who suffer the inconven- ience and discomforts of the dirt, but the Legislature and the people of the entire State, have been agitated over the situation. Yet we venture the assertion, based upon the observation of Chicago people who have recently visited New York, that the streets of that city are not in nearly so bad 2 condition as the streets of Chicago. Nevertheless, neither the 3avor, nor Coun- cil, nor the inhabitants, nor the taxpayers of the city have raised any disturbance. Chi- cago people, as a rule, are too busy to trouble themselves with anything of a publie nature. Henee, perhaps, the indifference. But it is time for Chieago péople to howl! Sowmebody is to blane tor the frightful con- dition of the Chicago streets. We presume the extra appropria.on of $15,000 which the Common Council wade was expended during the few days preceding the elecuon. Magor Harrisou, being a Democrat, probably recog- nized the propriety of employmg a large nmber of Republican laborers just before electiun. and so expend.ne his extra fund in breaking up the congealed snow and dirtinto lumps. Butit is now high time that the regular appropriation should be brought into service. ‘The accumulation of the enure winter, minus only the ica which has been rarted off or has melted away, is still lymg on the streets. It is made up of all sorts of filth, iueludng the droppings from the ani- mals and the refuse of the Kitchens. Itis beginnmng to crumble into dust, which fills the houses, ruins stocks of goods, and in- creases the prevailing catarrhs and sors throats. Considerations of public health, as well-as of puolie cowtor: and business inter- est, demand that the annual street-cleaning shall be undertaken without further delay and actively pushed forward. If there shull be any further procrastina- tion of this work, the people ot Chicago will begin to ask where the blame should rest. AMayor Harrison may rest assured that it will fall upon him. e is the responsible head of the Municipal Government. It ishis duty to see that the necessary work be done. 1f the delay is due to any of his subordinates, he should engage men who will serve the city better. I itis owing to any neglect on the part of the contractors, he should take steps to forfeit the present contracts and make new ones. A thorough cleaning of the streets now will be of greater benefit to the business and health of this city than all the rest of ‘the cleaning that may be done during the remainder of the year, and thor- oughness now will materially reduce the work for the coming summer. L THE CASE OF B1iDLAUGH. ‘The case of Bradlaugh is again perplexmg the British Parliament. 1t will be remem- bered that he was eleated to the House of Commons, and refused to take the oath be- cause of a supposed religious sentlment or admission coniained In it e rewained in atendance for sowe time, until at lasta legal proceeding was Instituted against him for assuming to serve as a member of the House of Comwons without baving taken the oath of office. The Courts decided asainst him, and he was ousted. Bradlaugn professes to be an athelst or agnostic; denies all respousibility to any supernatural power. The ordinary oath of a mewmber of Puarlia- went is very simple. . It reads: “I do swear tiat I will be faithful and bear true al- legiunce to her Majesty Queew Victoria. her heirs und suceessurs, according to law, so Irelp me God.” o 1t will ve difffieult to see anything in this onth to which any person can ovject as a matter of consclénce. It s simply a declara- tion of purpose; it is equivalens 1o a pledge of hunor, the formal words bardly carrying with them nny adimission of a religious cliar- acter, or auything umplying a religious test. ‘The refusal to take this oath was really OKRIENTAL LODGE, NO.S5% A F. & A, M.—Regu- laf Commuaiention Friday evening, May & Business andwork. Bretdren Invited. isx order of 7 ¥. G, BESCHER, W. M. CHARLES CATLIN, Secrétary. JATIONAL LODGE. No. %% A. F. & A M.~Wil} B61d a siated Communication nt their hall. corner of Randoiph und Hals.ed-ste., Tugsdus evening, Muy & Visitlng Master Masons cortha s 1nvited. 3. W. USTRANUER. W, 3L SUNDAY, MAY 1, 1SSL. GEN. GRANT's recent speeches seem to bave reassured the Mexicans. The recep- tion given him by Minister Morgan at the Mexican Capital was attended by the mem- bers of the Mexican Cabinet, the Judges of the Mexican Supreme Court, the members of the Diplomatic Corps, ana the prominent citizens, who all wanifested the utmost cordiulity towards the great American. SMALL-POX prevails to an alarming deéree in London. Dur ng the past four weeks not 4 less than 1,500 patientssuffering from the dis- ease were refuded adiission to the smali-pox hospital the e because of lack of accommnu- da.ion. There were yesterday 1,014 persons * sutfering frow the disease under treatment in the hospital, and there was only one emp.y bel The dsease is of a malignant type. Fully 10 per cent of those attacked have succuwbed. During the past two weeks there were 133 {atal cases. Epwanp Miari, the Epglish anti-State Church agitator, whose death oceurred yes- terday, wasa notable man. and commenced an agitation which, however chiwerical it may have seewed forty vears ago, is almost cer ain of being crowned with success within the .ext decade. He roused e mass of his co-religionists, the English Dissenters, to the injustice of be ng oblizedto paytaxes for he support of a Cuurch in whose poiity or teach- ings they did not betieve, :nd convineed the thinking wen of the Established Chureh of that injustice also. He @id not live to realize the fruition of his own hopes, but he helped to move away many of the props which sus- tained and supported the injustice which he fouglit agaiust. THE young Eurl of Sifrewsbury, who has Just become of age. isa #gay young spark. He suceeeded to the title msl estates in 1577, and . since then has bebaved %3 no sober, Sensible Euglishman should. His name has been miced up witlh several trausactions by no meansto his credit, but last woek he capped theclinax to his wild course by vlop‘ng with the wife of Mr. Miller Mundy, a Derbysuire coal-mine ewner. The relatives of the lady ued the runaway pair, overtovk them at Strasourg, pulled the young Earl’s nose, sopudly tirashed him, and sent him on hig Way mournar, and without his lady com- | panion, whom they took home with them. Buglish “society ” is enjoying the scandul as only English “society ™ can. PHESIDENT GREVY, of the French Repub- lic, in a letecto his ** great und zood friend,” President Gartield. acknowledges the receipt of aletter from Presideut Hayes inviting the Frenen Government and people to participate in the centennial celebrationof the surtender of Yorktown. AL Grévy aceepts the invita- tion in the name of the French peuple, who are deeply gratefal for the westimony which -it offers of the remembrance of the part which Freneh eitizens bore “in the £lo ivus strugeie wiich - secured. the inde- bendence of the. United States,” M. Grévy eracetully refers to the progress of the Uuited Siates, and to the political prozress of France, which makes her instituiions of the same character as those of the United States. The letter. which is couclied in the wmost friendly and graceful terws, cannot but have the efect of more forcibly recalling attending our glorious struggle should par- | nothing wore than a piece of idle bravado on the part of Bradlaugh, for which he hast stnce sadly repented. 8 A new election was ordered, and Brad- laugh was a candidate. In his addresses to the people of his distriet he declared that there was nothing in the oath, expressed or fmplied, to which he could not subscribe, and expressed his willingness it retlected to tuke the oath. When he appeared in the House after his clection he olfared to take this oath, but, ov- Jjections beng made bocause of his wrevious denials of ail religious odlizations, and as to the mental binding obligation of mity form of oathrecognizinza Deity, the Speaker required him to withdraw, The Radical friends of Bradlangh thereupon vilered n bill provid- ing a form of oflicial cath or aftirmauon to meot all objections of a like character in like cases, and nsked that it be considered at ouce. To this the leader of the Conservative party, backed by a portion of the Liberal party, objected, giving notice that they would oppose the passuge of such a bill by all par- lismentary proceedings. Mr. Gladstons said be was’ willing that such a bill should be acted upon, but he could not copsent to have the consideradion of the Irish Land bill de- layed by a Parliamentary struggle over this bill preseribing a woditied outh. The Gov- ernment could not consent to let the public business be deluyed by this new bill, to which there was so mueh opposiion and the passage of which was so strenuounsly re- sisted. ‘The result therefore is, that for the present Bradlaugh is out. e first refused to tnke the onth, und conseguently was ex- cluded; the Ilouse would not respect his conscientions seruples; then, when he came back, all wilhng and anxious totake the oath, the House insisted upon a rigid respect for those same scruples, and have excluded him this time for fear he might do violence to w conscience to which the louse has hitherto refused to pay the least respect. This action is singularly Inconsistent, as all lessal action founded on & elaim to control religlous convictions always are. Bradlangh is denied the right to represent his constitu- ents beeause of religious opinions in nowise preventing him taking the oath of oflice; the people of his district are deuied the ropre- sentation to which by law they are entithed His want of conselence i3 punished preeisul as is his elaim of conscience. This proceed- ing is nominaily in the interest of religion, but out of everysuch contest this modeof pro- teeting religion comes considerably worsted. The present refusal of the House to admit him to tuke the oath will sceure Bradlaugh a prominence which otherwise he could not retain. The proceeding can only be justified by assuming that the oath is a test oath, and as sueh eannot be waived or moditied; and the age has woved away from and beyond the doctrine of tost ouths. When the American Union was formed it was distinetly” written in the Coustitution: that no *religious test shall ever be required 8 qualilication to or publie trust under the United At that time o religious test as o qualification to uflice was provided in the Constitutions of nearly all the States. The wise example of the National Constitution had the effect In time of leading to the aboli- tion of all these religious tests, and there is not mow ‘In any- of the States any test of that kind tolerated. It has never been supposed that this relaxation of a once universal rule has ever weakened the cause of religion or encouraged “intidelity. Nor can it be said to have weakened the obliga- tion of the ofticial oath of oftice which all wen wake in this country. Even in the case of those who because of their participation in the Rebeilion are unable to take the legal oath of office the good sense and tolerant sentiment of the country has provided a spe- cial vath so modified that it can be taken. Atthe present time nearly one-half of the Senators and Represenzatives In Cougress ve to take a special vath adapted to their circumstanees, and provided for thew be- cause they cannot take the ordinary vath preseribed by law. Perfunctory swearing, like perfunctory vraying. has really lost mueh of whatever moral foreeit onee had. It s literally an ofticial proceeding, and nothing more, Men in office, eharged with public trusts, do not seem to be greatly controlled by the fact ot having filed an ofticial oath. No defaulter was ever deterred from taking public money | by the fact that hie had tu swear to the accu- racy of his accounts. Ofticial oaths should not be discarded; their violation shuuld be rigialy punished; but their exaction as a re- ligious test should be abandoned. 1 THE SMOKE ORDINANCE. After a long strugzle asmoke-nuisanceor- dinance has been secured for this city. It now remains tor the tealth Department to enforee it. Much of the expected relief will depend upon intelligent inspection. Ocea- sional prosecutions and spasmodic fines wilt not suflice to prevent the horrid smoke nuf- sance. The persons charged with the en- forcement of the ordinance should be com- petent to explain to the owners of eungines and to the firemen how the smoke wmay be consumed in great part which they have “been allowing to eseape in great, black, dirty volumes out their chimneys. Wherever suck emission of smoke is discovered it may be concluded thatit is due either to a de- fective flue, uninteltizent firing, or indiffer- ence, orto a combination of these cireum- stanees. The first duty of the oflicerscharged with suppressing the nuisance should be to lain to those who commit it how the smoke ean be consumed, for that is the only means of suppressing it. After this the fall- ure to consume it should lead to deterwined prosecution. % The Chief Eagineer of the Steam-Users’ Association in Manchester, Eng., has written a letter to the Cltizens’ Association of Chi- eago which shows that practical experimen in the"great wanufacturing city of Man- chester has for years demonstrated the etfect- iveness of the theory which Tue TriBuNe has:frequently evolved about the. smoke nuisance.. The direetions for constming the surplus carbon without any special apphance to that end may be summed op as follows: (1) Competent testimony that the chimney flue is properly constructed, and that the draft is as perfect as can be obiained under existing conditions. (2) Construction of short fire-grates. along with perforated doors and a slide, so that air may be introduced with a fresh supply of coal and closed out when it is necessary for keeping up the fire. (3) Feequent but sparing *“firing,” so that the live flame shall not be smothered by a great mass of fresh fuel, - A good means to insure this is to fire from two ends, when that is practicable, but from only one at a time, so that live coals may constantly con- tribute flame. The lust of these directions Is the most i- portant. Careful and economical *tirmg? is “Lhe real secret of perfect consumption of the carbon. Lazy engineers or firemen, who want to do as little stoking as possible, in order to give themselves opvortunity tor sleep, or to go off to take a drink and gossip, or even to do sowme other work to which they are expected to attend, will always have smoky fires. By heaping up a mass of coal on the top of their tires they sinother active consumption and temporarily chill their furnace altnost as much as if they had thrown insomuch ice. The carton must have a re- uulred yuantity of oxygen.to insure pertect combustion. There are furnaces and chimneys so con- structed orso situated that some artificial assistance Is fiecssary In order to supply the vroper amount of oxygen. Vacious devices to this end have been Invonted with greater orless success. Tus TRIBUNE has used the Orvig smoke-burner with exeellent results (uring the past elzhteen months. It sup- plies 2 jetof steam mixed with a jet of air which s thrown over the live fire, and with proper precaution on the part of the fireman Tre TRIBUNE'S chimieys do not contribute to the mass of smoke which is daily black- ening tho houses, and soiling the linen, and smutting the faces of Chicago people. This or some siwilar appliance should: be used in all eases where experience shows' that care- ful firing 2lone does not suppress the smoke. L'he cost of such assistance will be saved many times over in the Increased capacity of the fuel used, for all the smoke which is condensed increases to - just that extent the fire In the furnace and decreases the umount of coal that is nsed. L willpay in every way to secure the serv- Iees of skilled men to commpel general com- pliance with the new swmoke ordinance. ‘These men may accomplish more by personal instruetions than by indiseriminate prosecu- tions. They should teach the people first that it Isin their own lnterest. to cousume the smoke, and that this can be done easily as well us with profit. Nezlect to comply with these instructions should be followed by persistent prosecution. It -has been ubunduntly demonstrated that it is both practicable and cheap to consume the smoke, and henee there witl be no hardship in com- pelling unwilling peopte to do it. Z!..YFECT OF 1HE KIi& 1§ WAGE3 AND PRICE3. « The general advance in wages now de- manded in all parts of the country should not be aceepted as an unmixed evidence of the prosperity it indicates, because it lacks that permanency which alone assures real pros- perit Tinut community enjoys the highest degres of prosperity whose lavor places within the rench of the greatest number of persons the possession of the greatest mwount of the commodities contributing to the wants and comtorts of the human fawily, This degreo of prosperlty is not to be mens- ured by rates of wiges, because wiges are but the mere agents for which other things ; are exchanged. . ‘The néarer the whole popu- lation can come to the enjoyment of the undanies of the world's gouds, the | nearer they are to the greatest brosperity. The rise in wages is not of itself evidence of an increase of prosperity; thus, when wages advanee 10 per cent and the cost of Iiving advances 2) per cent (as the middle wen wark up their goods), the means of pur- clsing are sérionsly reduced. Ducing the Iastsixty days the demund for lucteased | witges his been general. In many employ- wents there was undoubtedly adisproportion | of the wages pald to those dependent on | their daily earnings, and to the extent that this insufliciency had been corrected, no more than justice hasbeen done. While wames are largely to be mensured by the cost ot living, it must also and always be remembered thab the greav tactor n making up the cost of liv- ing is this item of wages. Wherever there nernl advance in the cost of labor, which is properly the cost of production, the cost of living nee ily advanees in full proportion. In puint of fact, therefore, the purchasing power of wages, after a general | and substantial in e, to keop | on an equality with the increased cost of | living resulting from that advance. Itis, | worceover, attended with serious drawbacks. Any ineresse in the cost of production is at- tended with a reduetion in the demand for consumption on the part of the great agricultvral class, and consequently a re : duction in the amount of Iabor employed to | produce goods. It is pussible, then, that the cost of living and the cost of vroduction may | be so advaneed by a general rise of wages that the purchasing power of the advanced wiges may be less than it was before the rise, and that the awount of labor employed may be reduced asaconsequence. Thisis just what is now happening. In viewing this matter as an evidence of prosperity the faet must not be overlooked that there have been since January, and are | now, an average of 2,000 workimen landing ou our shores every davi that, allowing that one-hulf of these seek homes in e country, there are at | men duily thrown into the ci seeking emoloyment. These men come here with limited means; they must find work or | perish, and that they will find work at the Lust wages they can obtainis a practical | necessity. They have to support themselves and tamilies, and 30,000 of these labor-seekers are added to oureity population every month, whoare thus becowing competitors with the preseut population. How long can the rise in wages continue in the presence of this stream of compeiitive labor, which soon mustaceept employment at whatever wages it can obtain ? “The tide of immigration now pouring into the country is not limited to un- | skilled tabor; it includes wechanies of every | braneh of trade and of every industry. These | wen are at our doors; they are asking for work, and asking for work that they may have bread. The inevitable consequence of every gene eral advance in wages is to so increase the eost of all American manufactures that the country is flovded at ouce with foreizn goods. The demand being reduced, and the supply being far in excess, production must cease, and the goods on hand must be sold at asacrifice. That is a story* that has become familiar by its frequent repetition. It has not been more than a year since it was most painfully and expensively repeated in this country. Two years ago there was a gen- eraludvance in prices and in wages; toen ! came the inflow of -foreign goods: theu the stoppage ~ of American production, the | discharge of labor, and the reduction of W The boom bad been calamitous, i stead of being beneficinl. Wiges had re- turned to their ordinary level. and industry amd production were resumed, and now cowes another general demand all along the line for an advanee in prices from 20 to 25 per eent. Tais rise is demwmd.d in the face of the faet that between July 1, 138), and July 1, 1881, no less inan 102,00 able-bodied | workmen have come into the country and are now and will be -secking cuployment as a necessity for bredd, and at whatever wagos they can get. The oft-repeated story will follow. The gmemeral advance in wages will necessitate a reduction of employ- ment; the inerease In the cost of living will leave the increased wages less remunerative than before; forcign goods will pour in from foreizn workshops, and American oods wili cedse to be exported. The boom will be suceeeded by a decline. decling in employment, a great decline in | wages, and the seeming prosperity of labor will close with a -prostration that will con- tinue until prices-go back to their natural | condizion. i Now we are in aseason of strikes, which are avoided by submission; but sisty days | henee wages will hiave less purchasing power | than now, and then will follow strikes which | will be met by susveusions of emvloyment, lock-outs, discharfe of workmen, and a period of timeand production lost, In this fitful, spaswodic, thoughtless tampering with [ i inthe workshiops of Great Britui piices there is an Iunnensity of evil. ‘The thoughtful man will search them in vain for any prospectlve abundance they offer to any one. High prices and reduced production are the opposit of prosperity, and any and all etforts to benetit mankind otherwise than by Increasing the material abundance which can be obtained for labor must always prove abortive and disastrons. - ' — THE MUSC FESTIVAL OF 1882 It will be a matter for congratulation among all-lovers of musie in this city, the announcement that atiust the guarantee of a suflicient fund has been made to secure the Festival for next spring, in conjunction with those which Mr. Theodore Thomas has alreadyarranged to give in New York and Cincinnati. The project was first broached by the late Guorge .B. Carpenter, with the idea of hold.ng the Festival this spring, and he had several interviews with Mr. Tiomas, at which the general'outlines were discussed and the project advanced so far that a corps of stugers to cie numier ‘of 602 or mure were povked. At ghat time, however, the man- agers of the Singortest had already selected Chicago for their Festival of 1881, and to pre- vens clashing with this 'the Thomas Fes- tival was deferred a year .and the matter for a time dropped. During Mr. Thowmas' recent visic here, however, to conduet the performances of *“The Dammation of Fanst,” the project was taken up again, and Mr. Thomas had several inter- views with gentlemen who are Interested In music, at which the Festival was discussed from a business point of view. He made mself responsible for the musical detalls, Aud returned to Nuw York to await their ac- tlon. Owing to the absence from the city of one of the leading movers in the project, ac- tion was deferred until his return. At last the final nove has been taken, and the an- nouncement has been sent to Mr. Thomas officialty pledging to him the guarantee fund, which Mr. Thowas esthwated need not ex- ceea $40400. As the arrangements for New York and Cincinnati have already been made, it may be now considered certain that Mr. Thomas will give these three great fes- tivals in May, 1552,—the first in New York, thesecond fn Cincinnati (though Clneinnail is working hard to get the first- place), and the third in Chicago. It is as yet too early to announcs any details fr Chicago, as Mr. Tuomas has not until now been warranted to act, but this much way be suld: the New York Philharmonie Orches- tra will be the nucleus of the tustrumental force in each festival. In New York, Mr. Thomas will use a chorus which he has al- ready organized there; in Cinciunatl, the Festival Chorus, which has dune such splen- did work during the past six years, at former i in Chicago the chorus has yet to be tully completed, though the nucleus of it {is already on the books. Mr. Thowas will use the same soluists- for all the festivals, These have not been engaged, and will not be until he vislis Europe this summer. In this regard he is going to make a new de- parture, for reasons not necessary to specify here, and if such a thing be possivle ke will enzage for the first quartet, at least, Euro- pean soloists of the tirst class. ‘The prozrams for Chicago have not yet been consilered, and nothing ean be safd of thew except that they will dly be written upon the large scitle that would suit the older and mure ex- perienced chorus in Cincinuatl. It would be folly to atiempt competition in that dircetion, but at the smme thue it does not necessitate the gift of prophecy to claim that it will be the grandest musical oceasion Chicaro has ever known. As tw the suceess of the scheme frow & fiuancial point of view there is no question, and we hazard little in saylog that it will even surpass Cinciunati in receipts, as ! Chicago is the most profitable musieal city, outside of New York, In the country. With the Siugerfest In June, the serles of Mr. Thomas' summer-garden coneerts at the Exposition Builduyg in July and August, and i the Festival nextspring, the coming year will be a busy one tn musie, while the spr.ng ot 12 will be the most notable one ever known in the Cnited States, and one which, by com- parison, will dwarf all other seasous, MANUAL TRAINING IN THE BCHOOLS. The Awerican people are very proud of their inventive faculty, and with’ justice, ‘The Patent-Oftice Is full to repletion wi h evidences of Yankee lugenuity. ing and product-wuliiplying mnchines abound everywhere. But it is nevertheless o fuct that Amevicans bave lmproved and perfected rather tuan originated. The ger- minal idea of a vast wajority of the au- tomutic machines brought to a high state of perfection in this couniry and of improve- ments in heating metals had tneir origin Watt conceived the steam-engine. Huntswan took the tivst long step forward in buproving the qguality of steel. Nellson invented the hot- blast in iron-smelting, which saved an incal- culable amount of expense. Brawah in- vented the combination lock, and lock- making tools, and the hydraulic press, and made valuable Imurovemeats in all anto- matic maching tools. Mand: ipvented the stide-lathe and the slide-rest, which are indispensable in every modbrn workshop. Clement invenied the planmg machine. Murray invented the fiax hecktig macbine. Roberts invented the Jacquard punching machine and the self-acting wule which revolutionized the cotton-mill. Nasmyth invented the steam-hammer. Weisenthal in- veuted the sewwng-machine. Dudley first applied coal to smelting purposes. Yaur- rantoli Introduced the manufaciure of tin- plate into England from Saxony. Reynolds invented cus-iron rails. - Darby constructed the first iron bridge. Cort greatly improved the processes of ivon manufacture in many respects, The Cranego Brothers improved | the' *puddling* process. Amoug other useful inventions are Siemens’ method of generating conl-gas to be used insmelting-fur- naces, and the Bessemer process for convert- ing molten pig-iron iuto steel, wherebv it a5 becowe alinost as eheap as common iron, andso vn. These inventions and vital im- provements cover nearly the whole range of mechanical work which distinguishes this trom all past ages, giving to it the name of tiie iron age. Alost of the inventors were apprentices in English workshops,—poor boys educated to use their bralus, their hands, and their ey The period In whica this great industrial advance was made s 174) to 188, The work of improvement 5 still ‘going on, but in the course of the hundred years named the main principles rovernyg the use of automatic macninery were discovered and applivd. This period was the apprentice period. Boys were taught in the shov. They learned to use such tools as they had, and, froin that vantage ground, invented tools, which, driven by steawm, fashion more toolsaud fill the world with marvelous machines. The apprentice system which accomplished these noble results has The trades-unions have prac- tically abolished it. They are trying to **bull” the skilled-labor market, and hence seek to reduce the supply. The exceptional prosperity of this country, owinyg to Iis vast resources and the consequent higher wage price, enables us to draw upon all the world for skilled Iabor. But the rapid growth of mechanical industries foreshadows a de- mand far in excess of the supply. - How shall we weet this demand? Not by educauon through the aoprentice system, for it never flourished here and it i3 dyuys oug in Europe, tiea How, then, if not by a cumpmnenslve;zsys- tem at manual training In the public schools? Germany - and Austria are already far advanced 1n the higlier branches of technlcal education in the practical arts, and their schools, which may be called col- leges of art, are being supplemented by wanual sehools for both general and special training. Franceis following in the foot- steps of Germany and Austria. BEungland lags behind, slow to realize that the ap- prentice system has passed away, and slow to adopt the habits and customs of other na- tions. But Americans are not hidebound. ‘They are willing to Jearn frown any and every teacher, and to profit by “every worthy es- ample. Why should not we imitate Germany and Austria on the subjeét of. manual educa- i ‘ 1 i § tion,—teaching the hand to bé cunuing, and the eye to measure distances, and comprehend the meaning of different shapes and forms, " and so to estimate their utilit We fit - our youth to become lawyers, doctors, priests. The land is dotted all over with workshops: these workshops are multiplying yearly, but in all the public schouls of the countcy there is not one boy being taught even the rudiments of a me- chanical trade. 1t is time to agitate for are- form in this regard. luis time for the tion and the States to pronounce aurhorita- tively in favor of conferring a new d upen skilted fabor,—the dignity of providing forit an educational system,—a systen thorouzh and comprehensive as that now furnished for intellectual training, Itouxht not to be. entirely idle to argue with the Sehioul Boards of great cities on this subject. ‘They ouzht tobe ablé to see the inadequacy of the existing school-system. But the most forcible argument which could be addressed to them would doubtless be a private manual trainmg-sehoot in full operadon. sliowin valuable results. Wio will estavlish such a school in Chicago ? THE EJJALY2[03 FI732-TRTE. The g success whieh has attended the cultivation of the Eucalyptus or sun tree in ihe malarious Roman upagng has culled fresh acteniion to its sanitury virtues. In the current number of the Populer Science Aonthly Prof. Draper, of Dublin, contributes & paper upon this subject, and the information which he scts forth is not only interesting, but is full of suggestions that have a loeal bearing in our own country. As a. drainer of the soil and puritier of the atinosphere iz has no equal, its roots ts the water and gases from the earth lik pump. The tree is indizenous 1o Aust and, being a rapid grower, attains theré to hights varying from two hundred to three hundred feet. "The leaves are narrow, asa rule, and, being white upon one of their sldes, closely resemble the willow. Its flowers are pinkish or white, and in the latter case resemble the myrtle. The fruit contains the seeds, and these are so minute that itis said wore than 16),00 plants can be raised from a pound of thea. " Oae of the most interesting portions of Prof. Draper’s article is devoted to his visit to the Ruman Campagna, which he brietly deseribes as a v undulating plain, owing its present aspect to voleanic azency. *Filtermy into a soil loaded with en - composed sulphur compounds, the decom- posing vegetable matter tinds no exit throush the underlying rock. ‘The conseqiienees may be lmagived, but to those who have notex- perienced them are not easily deseribed.” Prof. Draper visited the Abbey of the Tre Fontaine, where the Euealyptus experi- wment has been made. Prior to the planting of these trees tne Abbey wus comparatively deserted, ow.ng to the malaria, but uow twenty-nine Brothers sleep there in safety. ‘They cultivate ut least cleven ditferent va rictiesof the tree. The rapidity of their owth s marvelous. Trees four years old were twenty-six feet high and twenty-viel inches in circumference, showing a growih of six or eight feet a year. Ower trees of eight years’ growth were fifty feet high and nearly three feet in circum- ference; while in Alzeria, trees ouly five years old- have been found that were sixty feet in hight. As to the sanitary changes effected by the trees, Prof. Draper shows two causes. The first of these is the envrnous quantity of water which the plant can take from tne soil. A square yard of the Eucalyptus will exhale into the atinosphere during twelve hours four pints of water. As the square yard of leaves weighs two and three-quarier pounds, it shows that any given weight of the leaves ean transfer from the soil to the atmosphere nearly twice that weight of water. M. Valée,a Freneh writer, estimartes that the weight of water is equal | to four or five times the weight of the leaves. Prof. Draper says: " Oue ceases to wouder at these figures on learning that it has been found possidle to count on asquare milli- wmetre of the under surface of a sinele leat.of Eucalyptus globulus no less than 350 storuti, or breathing pores. And it now begins to be intelligible thai, if such an enonmous quantity of water ean be transferred from earth ‘to air, it may be possible that an atmosphere, whicl without aid would be ladaer with milarious exialations way be rendered pure by this process of leaf distillation.—the putrescible constituents of the stagnunt water are ab- sorbed by the roots and become part of the vegetable tissue of the tree.” The second cause of its sanitary virtue is found in the fact that the leaves secrete an aromatices- sential oil in large quantities, and by the rapid oxidation of these oils large quanti- ties of peroxide of hydrogen are thrown off, which Is a powerful disinfectant. "The proc- ess of oxidation also produces substances analozous to eamphor, which is also a very useful hygienic azent. In our own country little or no attention is given to the cuitivation of thistree, exeept in California, where a great many bave been planted durinz the past ten years. 1t easily zrows in the dry soil there, asits roots strike down until they find water, and it will grow in wet soil just as well. It not grown there for sanitary purposes, as the elimate is dry and- heasthful, but for shade. ornament, and for fuel. In the latter respect it is admirable, as it is so full of oil that it burns equal to hickory. We suppose it could be grown in this eountry anywhere along the walarivus coast from Charleston to the mouth of the Rio Grande. Wherever the thermometer does not fall below 20 de- grees Fabrenheit the Australian gun-tree will live aud ihrive. With a tree that grows ten feet a year and vrevents walaria, and burns for fuel equal to hickory. It is remark- able thiat it has not been planted all along our southeastern coast from Charleston to the Rio Grande, & region in which malarions and intermittent fevers are very common, These diseases yickd to the influence of the: trees, as has beea shown in the Cainpagna, and the experiment is certziniy worth a trial. is Toe Augshurger Allgemeine Zeltung, a prominent paper of Germuny, and politically abways well Informed. in u long leader comes to the conclusion that Europe stands ou the eve uf 2 great Northern prople’s movement,—a Ru: sian_revolution. in the upiniun of that paper Niallism permeutes ail cs- of the Russian people, and the political demunds and refurms of Nibilism are Indorsed by the inhabitants of tho cities and rural districts, and they bave their followers in all runks of the army, In the ¢ivil service, and even amony the Czur's own famiiy. This is undoubtedly true. and it gives rise to tho question: ** Wit elements constitute the paurty of Nihilists?™ The spirit manifested b7 the Nibillats in thelr two proclumayons—the first directed to the poople of Europe, and thy second to the Czar—is widely dliferent from the terrible spiric exuibited by the Nihillstic terror.. ists in their acts of assastnation.. In their proe. lumution sddressed to the Czar the Nihilirg assert chat if the Czar will xive Kussiaa Conyy. tution and the rignt of sulfrage his life wi) be safe. Tois IS rot the hingunge of anarch terrorists, but they ean only be the utteran, of that great Constitutional party of Rugyg which hus its supporters aud friends In ey, city, villze, and humlet of the greit Emp| an¢’ counts its members by the thousn chiefly among the better cducated clusses, 1 tho newr future prabably 1t will become _appype eut whether or oot this great Russian pay cunuected with Nibillsm. Time will tell Wwhether or not the Constitutionsl party of Russia s 1g fact the Nibilists' party which uses the rer. Forists und anarchists s destroying angels order to produce a change n the politiea] sitg. ation. There ure many signs which seem to fg. dicute that this may bo true. For fnstance: thg unlimited meuns at the disposition of the Niny,, ists; the information vn all watters, Court ang State, police und mititary, which they could ouly obtaiu from the blzhest autborities, and thg lnubility of the Russina palice to ger ar tpe bouoim of the conspiracy. And the predie. tion of the Augshuryer Aligemeine Zeituny seony not to be without toundadon. because gig putebes to Tue TRIBUNE from St Petersby; duted April20 state thut The gravity of thesig., where you will. from the White to tho Blak Sea, from tho Dunube to the Amoor, the Peopla ure awakenug trom the deatbiike Sumbers oy centuries. The epragtime of national Lfe iy duwning. The trees stiil look withered und deng, A ehilly sieet rustles through the braaches. Ryp the sap s rising, und the leuves, blossoms, and fruit will soou sprusg forch. Wat sort of acrup fvwill be depends manly on the decisions thas wust shortly be taken.™ —_———— Astrono.nicat, Chicago (Trasexe odfice), north latitada d1duz. 52, 57s; west longitude 2m. 183, from Wash ugton, and 5h. 3m. 3. from Grevawich, The subjoined table shows tho time of rising oF sktting of tho moow's lower limb, und tho of- ticiul tiwe for lighting the tirst street-tamp i vach circult fn’ this city, durimg the counng week, unless ordered souner on necount of s weatnor. Afsv the followwg times for extig. guishuog the tirst lump: Mo sts. Thursd 5 E Q065 . . 8 nom. 2 A, won will be in and in ber Girst quarter at se will nceult Alpsa in'the cu tion Cuncer Thursday evening. Tee sun's cpper imo will rise on Mondsy s 4:5114 0. ., soutts at 1b, 5w, 4305, . m., and £ L7200 p. m. ‘The sun’s upper limb rises Friday next s 4448 0. . soucs at L. 560, 25,35, 8. m., and sets at Tl p. w. The sidereal time Thursday mean nooa will be 2. 54ip. 36135, % Sercury will rise Thursiay 4t 4:% 2. m., and south ut 16w m. He isnow pearing the sun, His sup=rior confunction will veeur Muy 17. Ho will be in conjunctiva with Sstacn next Friday, with Jupiter oo Saturd: d with Venus et sunday. 3 Venus IS now with the sun. The loferior conjuncdon will decur nexp Tuesduy, after which she wiit prss out 1o thef pasition of morn- tngstar. She is now nearly in geoceatric cune Jjudetion with Neptune; so that the eurth, Ves nus, sun, und Neptuue are oeasiy oo 4 right line in space. Mars will rise Thursday at 3:00 o -m., and south at 5:18 u. m.. He I3 visibie as a morning stur, amony the stars of Aquarics, the wuter vearer, beilg Gow moving out of constellas don, and towards che Fishes of the Zudiae Jupiter und Satury ure vently together, 05 re- ferred to tae eurth, and also near the san. Next Teursday Jupiter will south at 11:2% 8. o, aod Saturo at 1zl a. m. They will be morning stars during the summer, They ure Separatlg siow- 1y, Jup.ter traveling more rapicly than s Late couipanivu. forward amonyg tae st Uranus wiil south Tburs ) p.m., bes 1Dz 1oen ip right ascension 10 bours 45 tinures, and porth declinstion $ degraes 40 minutes. Heo iS among the stars of Leo, a tittle west trom No. 64, und 4 little east ot south from No. 33, buth of that constellution. Neptune will suuth Thursday at 1134 e m. Rixht ascension 2 hours 434 winutes, und porth dpoges about Bp.m, dechnauon M degrees Y5is ounutes. i will be in conjuuetion with the suu next Wednesdag., e e TuEe Maror and Aldermen continue talk- ng ubout the necessity of introducius some strect-puving material tat will nut wear out 0 =001 48 peristubte piue blocks, wh.ek 15 all well €nougzh, but the th.ugs that tenr Cnicago paves wents (0 pieces, cut thewm Lo ruts, knock them tuil of boles. ana quickly wedr them out, ure the beuvily-luden narrow-tire wagons. No paving waterial cun stand 10N Wuguns runpiog oo one and thirve-fourths or two-lneh L.res whea the louds gad wazons weigh from three o tve tons. Eich of thoseabuminable wagons destrors at teas $10J worth of street-paving every yeur. ‘Their destruction of pavement in wet weatherls simply immense. What is the excuse for te inued use of those Infernal machines? Nuthing vut babic. They pull from one-quarter Alf Beuvier than the brond-tire wasons. 1< oc nuddy ronds they deuz tully double 25 hard 851 wagon with u tire of twice the widz, and they wewr out faster and -break down casier. Why don't the Council, impose a beavy” Jieense tax on all narrow-tire trucks? That i3 the ouly possibte .wug of forcing u reform uod suving the puved streets from speeds destruce doa. ——— Toe steamer Wyoning landad 197 Mor- mon dupes ut Custie “Garden, New York, on Toursduy, who were forwardad on the Penusyls vitud v Rantrond toSalt LazeCiey tobe distrivuted I varidus pucts of .ae leccitucy. Thes were in charge of E.ders Wilun W, Jackson, Duabar, Turner, Oweas, and Jumes, woo spoke veey Boperully of the etforts nuw mukIng to ** prog- ely uroe, end to b the converts all to Utan.” The new conv ris are mostls from England, a few, bowever, beng Germuas wnd Se.ndinavings, Whea wsked i the n2w con- vertsuceepted a't of the wenerally understond articies of the Morinoa falth, oae of the clders rephed: “We are simon-pure Mormon Eiders, and our eltorts are direcred b man and woman kind, the same 430 gec Coris- Taiety Movinon mssionaries sailed Iny for Enzland, to continue the wak of conveizion, andit is expected that the W, vming, on lty aext voyage, wit brg 4 wach larger numberof would-ve-Mormons thag It did tis time. T S S AN Eastern paper says that the twenty little redskins whom Capt. Pratt took from the Curlisle sehool to Patiaidelphin on Monay io- clurded some waose scalp.ng farhers hud fallen before the white man's nifle. Amons them were Howard Chaw-Lip, Wilmm Soake, Heuben Quick-Bear, Dan ‘Tucier, Conrud Kill-Alive, mud Awmos Lone-Hill. Willism Sawke s the s08 of the Punca Cniof Bix Snuke. who was mur dered at tne Ponca Awency some time #g0- One day my fa hor would oot do what the cut wanted and soutesoldiersshot bim down,” ung Wikt sid, = buc Lnave no fecliog of revenge for that.”” Jisaa Giver, who also spoke to the Philadelphiunz, was the son of aulk, Who was killed after his capture, 8 diizen vears uzo. "1 bear the whit cnmity cenuse they kitlad my fatker.” he sid. ‘1 all the white children whoso futhers bave beed murdered by Indans were sent to the Carlisle school it would buve to be entarged cousider~ ably 10 Bold thew. ——— Al lin, Who hus res.cued bis otice, 1s the subject of @ teuding urticle s the Bertiner Nat.onal Zeltung, whlet eon des as folluws: White hag ived among us for two years poiitical circles” 5ave t resucds and His thorougl Lusudze. e urbanity of bis lmunners Wi were tortunatd r wequaintance, bave red bim tosul, and made him oo Do wember of our eeientinic. literary, and artiste ciubs, We desire L show our regard for Mt ot ou und Kinduesa woward to: cnouzb to torm s cl 10y be Bis equul m every respect. Last year the politic of the Province of Quetec thought they s tiop und start & business boom by ubtaining & lown of $4.06),000 in France, the mother couatry €. 1ssued the bonds fur it. voted more taxes on the poverty-suricken Canucks to pag the iates | uation lo Russta eunuot be cxagwersted. Gg * § ard proselyting | Mr. WirirE, the American Minister at Ber- 1.und be has sucs Sac.cty, ze 0f our culture in all Of its relitons znd® White by expressing the hope that his successor - ald bredls the stagna- of that Pruvince. The politicians gol the mud= .~ AT Bl eaiel bt el b L T B S & -