Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 19, 1881, Page 4

£ THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 19, .188I—TWELVE PAGES. TS cinor | darity in Wert Vin Che Eribune. | TERMS OF SUNSCRIPTION, RY MAW--IN ADVAN VOSTAGE ‘ERRPATD. Daily editton, one year, Parte ofa year, por mont! Dally and Bunday, ong yonr, ‘Tuesaday, Thursday, apd Saturday, po Monday, Wednosday: and Friday, po tunday, 20-paxe edition, pur year. WEEKLY EDITION—FO! en copler: 8. Civ PoubOsico nddrese iu full, tneiuding County and Btato, “” o Tomitiancns mar bo mnie efthor by draft, axpross, Post-Oftico order, or tn rexisteren lotter, nt our tisk TO CITY SURSCRIDENS, Dalty.dolivered, Sunday oxcopted, Vs conta per weak. . Daily.doiivored, Sunday inclucdod, 180 cents por Wook. Address ‘THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Coruer Madison and Voarborn-ats,, Chicago til. POSTAGE, ‘Entered at the Post-Ofice at Chicago, Ii, as Stconte Ulass Matter. tho bonoft of our patrons who desire to send susie coples of THE TRINUNK through the mall, wo uive herewith the tranatont rate of postagor neand Twolve Page Super 8 conte. Eight an: relve t Einteen Page Paper. B cont, Eight and Twelve Page bizteen Pago Paver. TRIBUNE BRANC: Go TRINUNE has establishod branch omecs forthe receipt uf aubscriptions aud advertiso- mente ns fotlown: NEW YORK—Room 29 Tribune Dullding. FT, Mo- FADDEN, Manager. . GLASGOW, Scotiand—Allan's Atmorican News <Anencr, 31 Mtontiold-st. LONDON, Eng.—Ameriean Exchange, 49 Strand, HENRY F, GILLIG, Agont, WASHINGTON, D. U.—1319 F straote ———e AMUSEMENTS. Waveris's Thentres Dearborn street. corner of Manrov. tertainment. Afternoon ond evening. ‘Minatrol en- Mooley's Thentre, : Randotph street, betwuen Clark und LaSalle, En- Fagement of Kice's Mjou Opera Company. “Tho Spectre Knight," and “Charity Begins nt Home,” Af- ternoon und ovening. Grand Opern-Ifourc. Clark atreet, oppusit new Court-House. Enenzo- ment of the Monde & Maginley Combination. “Dea- con Craukett.” Afternoon and ovontug. MoeVicker's Theatre. ‘ Mandizon stroet, Letwoon State ond Dearborn. Engagement of Mile, Sarah Bernhardt." FrousFrow.” Olympia Thentee. Clark street, between Lake nnd Randolph, Ensngo- ment of the Hrdo & Hebinan Comedy. Company “ SMuldoun’s Pienle.” Afternoun and ovening. Acndemy of Music, Halsted street, near Madluon, West Side, Engago- ment of Mr. Josoph Proctor. "Nick of tha Woods.” Afternoon aud evening, Expodtion Butiding. Lake front, opposite .Adaws strovt.; Whale oxhl- dition frum Ya. to 10 p.m, +4 WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 19, 1831. , ‘Tus proposed consolidation of the Board | of Hallway and Warehouse Comilssloners + =~ and tho Bonrd of Canal Cominisstoners, M which it Ig the purpose of a bill Introduced - tn the State Sennte to effect, ought to be made. One Commission could ensily do the work of both as at present organized; and the Interests of the public could be quite as well served by ono Board, while the saying of a whole set of snlarles could be accom plished, Gex, GAnrm:xp Is already assured of sub- stantial support in the Senate, whether he shall completely satisfy the large demands of the Conkling faction or not, All New En- gland will bo for jim with a unaniinity it has not Intely shovyn on. smog, public ques- tious, He “will anquestlonably lave the irlendly wishes of Senator Cameron and of Pennsylvania. Ohlo will of course be for him. Mr. Congor, the new Senator fron ieee tee Se ees § Michigan, and Mr, Ferry, the senlor Senator, b are personal friends, Indeed, there wilt be 3 no disaffection In any of the Northwestern fe States, not excepting {llnols, No President fms entered upon his term of ofice with 3: _ brighter prospeets of a united and harmon!- ii ous party at his back than Gen. Gartield will * have. Tux new year opens with an appalling list of suicides, In elghteen days the telegraph has reported no Jess than thirty-one cases in this country, which, of course, docs not in- clude all, Aimong them are the names of ten very prominent people—viz.: Dr. Charles Unevernick, a prominent eltizen of Milwau- kee; tho lion. Otto Dressel, one of tho lead- ing men of Clnelnnatl; John M. Polke, at one time Assessor of Internal Reyenus In Indiana; Arthur A. Wheeler, a Fellow of Johns Hopkins University, Baltlmore; Cornwell Henwood, a wealthy West {ndian planter, who shot himself in New York; Richird J, Welsh, tho manngor of tho St. Louls Beot Canning Company; P. A, God- dard, Auditor-elect In Wabasha County, Min- nesota; Thomus ‘J, Kirk, one of our own prominent merchants; James B, Robinson, of the Prothonotary’s office, Philadelphia; and J. Philip Krieger, the ex-Treasurer of the School Board, St. Louls, In nearly every one of thesu cases, the causa of tho suicide was financial embarrassment, growlng out of reckless ving. ‘Tne oficial statement of the estimated net cust of the war in Afghanistan 1s $87,600,000, , This limmense amount of money, squeczed out of suffering Indin, was spent to establish a “scientific frontier” by the Disraell Goy- ernment, and !3 part and purce! of that Orl- * ental folly which has always characterized the late ‘Tory leader. After all this Javish expenditure of money, and after the severe Joss of life entailed by the war, what has been accomplished? Shaply a now Ameer jins been placed upon the. throne of Cabul, who may be assuslnated ty-day, or prove treacherous to Engilsh Interests to-morrpw. Not one of the tribes in Afghan has. beon pacified. Not asingle question Involved In the war has been Settled. How much botter it would havo been had England taken theso millions of money and ameliorated tho con- dltion of tho starving people In Ireland, orre- Heved her subjects in India from tho fearful burdens under which thoy are groaning! After two years of war In Afghanistan her annies have marched out aguin, and what ‘i ———————_—— Mu, De Lana has Introduced in the Hil- . nois Senate a dill modeled after the Ohlo law to prohibit the public sale of pools, ‘Thee uuthor of the bill was probably ‘prepared to huve the purity of his motives attuckeds and, ff so, he has not been disappointed, It has been asserted by ropresentatives of the turf interests that the threat of such a Jaw Is aerely an attempt to levy blacktult on them; » that trotting associations ennnot he supported. without pool-selling; that Coy were ap- prouched gt the Just session of the Legisla- :Wre on tho same subject; und that they would huve no difficulty fu suppressing this measure by responding Itberally-to the do- mands of its promoters, ‘Those who know Senator De Lang do not need to be jnformed HK that, so far a4 ho Is concerned, these state + ments aro totally false and calumutoug, Not only ts this true, but his bill Is a good and honest one, and tt ought to go through the Legislature with the emergency clause at- tached and receive the signature of the Gov- ernor fa speedily us possible. ‘There is not fn the whole City of Chicago or tho State of Wiinols an abuso of ‘not worthy to'live, ‘They arg then, on the Q moro aggravated nature nor one which enlls for a prompter remedy than that whieh exists inthe pool-rooms near the Board of ‘Trade, where the young and unwary are en- trapped and ledHito viclous ways, and a pre- intum fs publicly out on dishonesty and theft, If tho trotting asgoclations of Mlinols cannot get along without pool-selling so much the worse for them. Let them dic, ‘They ara confession of thelr supporters, mere cappers and steerers for. gambling-dletis and all tho cheals connected therewith, ‘The assertion ig not, or ought not to be, true. If it is true, tho turf Interests of the State cannot too soon be reorganized on anvther basis. We siu- cerely hope tho Ilinols Legislature will fol low tho excellent example set in Ohio, and enact this bill Into a law, es Sexaton PLusp, of Kansns, dealt the Holsaday clan a fearful blow Tuesday when , he pointed out that the whole outfit for the tlestruetion of which $00,000 dunuges are now demanded cost ortginally $320,000, ‘The fiinsy nature of the evidence on which it 1s proposed to sanction this thievish rrab from tho Treasury was shown last week by Sena- tor Edmunds, of Vermont, who reviewed the ease presented by the Committes In o courteous but erushing manner, Ineredible ns It may seem, the Committee on Claims did wot have before them, and had never seen, the original contract with Wolladay, The Chairman of the Committee,Senator Cockrell, was obliged to ask Senator Edmunds for a copy of the contract, which the Intter with his enstomary assiduity had ruminaged out of a pigeon-lole in the Post-Oifice Depart- ment, and the contract thus obtained was printed In the Record for the Information of tho Senate after that dignified body had «e- bated the subject for two weeks or tore. Tho contract was made originally in 1857. It provided for route from St. Louls and Memphis, converging nt Little Rock vin’ Preston, ‘Tex. Et Taso, and. Fort Yuma, to San Francisco. But the contract was modified on the break- ing out of the War (the modifleation beartig date Mareh 12, 186) so that the mall for- merly carried by tho Southern route afore- sald was discontinued, and the same service performed on what was known ns the cen- tral route, from St. Joseph, Mo., to Placer- ville, Cul, ‘The amended contract gave yalu- able privileges and exemptions to tho con- tractors previously dented them, « ‘They were permitted, for instance, to send all the Call- fornin newspaper mail and the public docu- ments by steamer vin the {sthmus; to estab: lsh a pony-express, which should make the journey in half the time of tho Government mall-coaches, and to charge the public not exceeding $1 per half-ounce for mall trans- initted by this private conveyance. This tast provision repeated one of the most important stipulations of tho orlginal contract, which reads Also, that thoy will not transmit by them- selves, or thelr agent, or bo concerned In trans. mitting commercial intelligence more rapidly than by mail, othor than by telegraph; and that they will not carry out of the houll letters or nowepapers which should go by post. The amended contract, which probably wag obtained by lobbying ‘and slipped throngh Congress without much scrutiny, authorized ngentsof tlhe Government to enter Into competition with Jt and underbid it tn the market, using its own facilities to trans- act its proper business better than the of- ficial agency could doit. Mr. Edmunds also showed that the contractors enjoyed, under Loth contracts, the benefit of predmpting two quarter-sections of land, or $20 acres, for each ten miles of route; and by the modified con- tract thelr compensation was Increased frum $600,000 per annum to $1,000,000, ay If to In- demnify them for war-risks, Having accept- ed the increased pay and cheerfully in- curred tho risks of Indian depredations resutiting from the War, they were In equity and Inw estopped trom clalm- ing damages. The Government, as Mr. Edmunds clenrly stated it, Is “bound to protect its cltizens, but is not bound to be an insurer”; and, ir its protection falls, no eltizen hasan action for damages against It. ‘Tho contrary principle would absorb a large proportion of the wealth of the country In pay- ment oflosses Inflieted by the War on loyal clt- fzens, Altogether, it must besald that Judge Edmunds’ candid and impartial review of the case deprived the claim of the lonst seim- Dblance of equity or good faith, The resoln- ton of Mr. Kernan sending Ben Holladay to: the Court of Clans for rellef would seem to veastretch of fairness and right on his be- half; but Judge Edmunds supported that proposition, and It would probably be a satis- factory settlementof tho claim, as tho case. would never be prosecuted further, THE FOSTAL TELEGRAPH SYSTEM. Wo print in anothor column the report of a Speelal Committee on tho Postal Telegraph which was appolnted by the Natlonal Board of Trade. ‘Tho Committee consisted of Messrs. F. B, ‘Lhurber of New York, Richard D. Fisher of Baltimore, Oliver Moytof Now York, W.S, Crosby of Chicago, and James Buchanan of ‘Tronton, Their report was adopted by more than a two-thirds vote of the National Board at {ts Into meeting In Washington, and It Is now distributed under the auspices and with the Indorsement of the New York Board of Trade and ‘Transporta- tion, ence Tie Trung feels Justified In commending the document to the careful pe- rusal of its own readers, It recommends in tho strongest terms the adoption by tha Amerlean Governmentof the English system of comblning tho telegraph with the postal service, ‘Tho English system of postal telegraphy has proyeil to bos paying investinent for the’ people, ‘Lhe number of ofllces tncreased from 2483 in 1860, when the Government: acquired control of the system, to 5,831 last’ yenr, and the Inerengo {n tho number of meksages during tho samo perfog was from 0,500,000 to 26,617,157, Meanwhile the Post, Oftics Departuent In Great Britain has paid all operating expenses, pald for the Increased phint and facilities necessary to the enor- mous growth of service, and: pald the Inter est.on the bonds issued by the Government for the original purchase of the Hues. Dur- ing tho pertod named, the miles of Mna have Sncreased from 5,601 to 23,150, the miles of wire from 48,00 to 101,851, the miles of sub- marlue cable from 139 to 707, the instruments In use from 2,200 to 8151, and the yards of phewuntic tubes from 4,84 to 483,090, But the most important feature In the system is that this remarkable progress hag been snade and pald for by means of a uniform charge of 25 cents upon nll messages of twenty words fo all parts of the Kingdom, Preylous to the Government control of the telegraph, the American system of fixing rates on a message of ten words and charging accordlug to tho distan.e of trans iuission prevailed, and put acost upon the people that multiplied several thnes the pres- ent Government charge, ‘The English oxpert- ment has completely demonstrated the suc- cess of Government management and cheap and uniform rates, ‘The report adopted by the Natlonal Board of ‘Trade sets forth the process whereby the stock of the Western Union has been watered in years past, growlng from an original capital of less than $400,000 to a fictitions capital of suore than $41,000,000, ‘Tho details of this’ stock-waturlng wore pre- sented even more fully in‘Tie Trmuxe s few days ago, Sluco the Natlonal Buard’s report was Written and adopted the watered stock of tho Westorii Unton has been prac- tleally doubled, for''t Js untlerstood that the reeent consolidation ngrecd upon proposes that tho capital stock ofthe amalgamated concern shall be $80,000,000, iongh the cost of tho raw and unnecessary imiterial ne- auitred by the consolidation Is represented by bonts that remain to be paid. The purpose Is, that the’ public shall be compelled td! pay rates for telerraph service which shalt yfetd dividends on $80,000,000, though tho cost and value of the plant do not repre- Zent more than one-fourth that amount. From this thne on tho management of the whole telegraph aystem of the country will: be prnetleally subject to the arbitrary dieta- tion of one man,—day Gould,—whose past erreer fins demonstrated that cupldity and power will be the ruling motives of his con- trol; and the people of the United States will have no protection whatever In Inw or comn- petition against any extortion, oppression, or iserfmination which this man may see ft to practice, ‘Tha situation {s, therefore, very mitch more dangerous now thanit was atthe time tho National Moard’s report was pre- pared, Tho Nationat Hontd seem to have fallen into the same error which most people enter- tain who have given this matter superticiat thought—viz.: that it will be necessary for the Government to buy out the existing monopoly before ft can control the telegraph system of the country. This proceduresecms to be assumed by the gentlemen who pre pared the report, for they say that, whenever the telegrnph shall be taken by the Governmont, it should be at the full ap prnised value of the property,” and not upon the “present intinted basis? An extraya- gant purctinse price is apparently contem- plated, for the report refers to the English purchase, nid adds that "what may now seem an exorbitant prieo will ten years hence seem very low.” Tho fact is, that the onty mistake made by the English Govern ment was the purchase of Mnes that had nirendy been constructed, and tha payment of au exorbilant price therefor, together with tho aysuinpition by the Government of settling up unreasonable contracts which cost the Government iarge additional sums, Ifnd it not been for so unbusinessiike a pure chase tho English Government would have been inn position long before now to make g further reduction in rates'and yet to pay the interest on their Investment. Any project of a Government postal telegraph that shall Include the purchase of the Western Union Company's lines and franchises will play {nto the hands of the men who control the monopoly alnost as much xs to permit the monopoly to procecd without Government conipetition or restraint. Indeed, it is suspected that the recent consoldation aims ultimately at a sale to the Government, and that the entire telegraph system of the country has been gathered under one man: Agement and valued at an enormous Iniiation in order that sucha polloy may be pursued as will exelte public clamor for Government: purchase, Mr. Jay Gould and his aceon. plices are satisfied that in sueh ease they will bo able to control by tha use of lobby, bribery, and corruption tho price at which they slinl! -sell out to the Government. Any such scheme us this should bo dismissed from consideration at once. ‘Tus Trung has already Indtented the obvious and proper steps to bo taken In the direction of a postul-telegraph system... The Government should proceed, through the Post-Ofice Depnrtinent, to establish its own telegraph facilities In the same way and ‘upon the same basls that It added the express business to the carrying of the mails, The Government controls the post-ronds, which Include the Hues of raifrond. It will need to purchase no right of way. It possesses the authority to secure tho use of all the patents. The bare’ cost of erecting poles, attachlng wires, and buying Instruments Is the out- side Imit of. investment which It will be necessary tomake, ‘Uhis process will ba materially facilitated and hastened by the cobperation of the rallroads which own telc- @raph lines and will be engor to Join In the project from the moment they shall be con- vinced that the Government fs determined to go ahead. ‘The difference between tho .cs- tablishment by the Government of an inde- pendent postal-telegraph system and the purehnso of the Western Unlon monopoly will amount to the difference between an In-, vestinent of $15,000,000 ur $20,000,000 nnd an Investment of $80,000,000, and the former In- vestment will enable. the Government to furnish tho people with cheaper telegraph servico than would the Intter. Let Mr. day Gould go ahead with his monopoly as best ho may, Just as the express companies have been allowed to proceed with their business; but, meanwhile, no thne should be lost in providing the necessary authority for the Post-Oflico Department to add postal facill- tles to Its present mall and express service, SS THE CITY COUNCIL AND THE OANAL. ‘Tho resolutions proposed in the Clty Coun- ell on Monday night, concerning the pro- posed turning of tho waters of the Dosplalnes and the Calumet Rivers Into the cannl, were W-thined aul unnecessary. ‘The Council did wellln referrlng them to n committee, where, itis to be hoped, they will bo pormitted to sleep, ‘Lhe resolutions protest against the pro- posed action at Sprinefield, and at the sane tline omit any mention or nny promiso or as- surance that the City of Chicago will take any stops to abate the oyil complained of, and against which there have been so inany vig- orous protests, ‘The City of Chicago Js confessedly derelict In its auty, The Clty Council year ago appropriated $100,000 to remedy tho evil, and the neglect on the part of the city to take any steps whatover In the matter ts, what has provoked the adverse eriticisty of the river town victhns. After an entire year at in- action onthe part of the muntelpality, the Mayor now puts forth tho plea that the ap- propriation made Inst year was Insufilcient, and therefore he lind done nothing In the premises, Had he made that oxplanation to the visiting remonstrants from the other cities, Instend of his foollsh declarations that it was tho business of the Canal Commils- sjonors, the threats to turn the Desplaines and Calumet Rivers and other feeders Into the canal would never haye been made, No atich statement or explana- tlon was made to the people of this city until recently; had tt been It la probable that all the money needed would have been advanced tothe clty to meet the expenditure, What the Couneil should do now is not to denounce anybpdy nor to protest, but to glva the State assurauco that tho work ordered Inst April will be put Into operation as soon ns possible, and that the Clty Council will, as soon ag It will be legal to do so, appropriate any and whutever sum may be needed to have that work accomplished with the feast possible delay, Further inaction and indifference on the purt of the clly authorities will bo justly accepted as a willful neglect of an urgent ty by Chicago, und will be resented accord- shy ‘Phe city has expended $600,000 upon,tile’ Fullerton avenue Improvement to .cleaise the North Braveh, and tho result filly Jpstl- Nes the cost. By thot fimproyéinent: the North Branch has been put nder such con- trol that It can bo kept elwpji dud: Inodorous, ‘That is the ubataunt of one-third of the river nulaaucy,., thé other two-thirds may also be abuted evermore thoroly, ‘hat end will justify whatever expenditure may ' bo needed for tho purpose. If the expenti- ture of £250,000 or $200,000 bo reauired to provide the necessary engines and puinps to elennse the South Branch, then that si should be appropriated without any objec: tlon ‘The proposed. improvement will empty 60,000 cuble feet of water per minute into the sganal during the season of navigation, whore tess than 95,000 Is possible under tho presunt, condition’ of affairs; and, during: the six months of winter, the Incrensed depth of- seven feet: of water will, deliver continu ottsly under the Wea drainage three to five {ines ns preiit ns is "now possthle in the winter. Instead of n few feet of water triek- ng under the thick ice, as at present, there will then be during the whole whiter a flow coplatis enough to keep the Chicago River, and consequently tho ennal, clean and tnodor- ous, : ‘Ihe City Connelt owes It to the State, and especially to the people Hving nlong the LI nols River, to give assurance that ns sao a3 the furms of Inw will permit this improve- ment shall be made, and that the elty will” provide the machinery of such capnelty and {n such duplication thnt this gellof shall be sulstantial, complete, and enduring, A re- sponse and an assurance of thut character, muude tn goo faith, will be all that is neéded to defent any hostile legislation such ag ints been proposed nt Springfield, ee THE NEX£! WORLD'S FAIR. , At last it 1s definitly settled that wo are to have a World’s Fatr, to be held In Now York In iss, At the moeting of the International Commission, held recently, the —prelimt- nary steps were taken, and, so far as they go, were welltaken. It was at the ontsot ® pru- dent selection that chose Gen, Grant as the head of the permanent Comnlssion, and It 1s fn good omen uf success that he hus accepted the position. It yan appointment that will not only commend tho undertaking to the Amerlean people, but to the people of the Old World, whose honored guest he has been, It will unquestionably secure a splen- did representation of Old-\Vorld products, and will satisfy all concerned that there will be no unjust discriminations, Dest of all, it will make the exhibition Natlonal in its broadest sense, since no man tn this country Is sv essentially National among his own peo- ple, or more thoroughly represents his own people nmong tho other nations than Gen, Grant. Inwood, the site for the Exposition, ndozen miles out of New York City, has heen obtalned free of cost, is said to be avuil- able for tho purpose, and fs well adapted for It in every partienlar. ‘The Exposition Will be mado offlelal in character by an net which It is expected Conpress will pass authorizing the President to formally invite the participation of foreign Governments. The practical management of the Com- misslon’s business fs to be placed in the Nands of an Executive Committee to be com- posed of the permanent ofileers of the Com- mission, twenty-five Commissioners selected by ft, and twenty-five gentlemen to be seleet- ed by the subseribers of money. To raise this money, amounting, It Is estlinated, to $12,000,000, the Commission will appeal to the people. Whether the Commission will ap- pent to the, Goyernment for help dues not fppenr in ita address to the people, It is very non-committal in this particular, It sinwly says: ‘Phe Commission has asked no Gov- ernment ald, and $s, therefore, compelled to rely upon the patrlotism of the people of every section ot tho coun- try for subseriptions to the requisit amount.” ‘This leaves the mattor open, aud there fs lit- tle doubt that If there Is any deficlency In the popular subseription Congress will be ap- pealed te to muke It good. Unon the sur- face averything ippears fayorablo'to success, withthisexception: that the the appears too short slnce the lyst one in 1870 at DPlilindel- phi, and that there ts danger of Its being only a repetition, of the Centemiinl Exposi- tlon, and that too without the Natlonal remi- niscences whiel.attnched to it and gave it such prestige and éclat. ‘This may, however, be a groundless fear, but after tho Exposition of 1883 Is over It won not be wise to repeat the experlment before 1000, ‘hat will allow a Inpso of seve enteen years, and in that thie the world will have made great progress, and as no place in the world will have made such progress 23 Chiengo, this elty should now put In Its elaim as tho’site for the Exposition. Thero {s no city im thls country so well adapted for It, as itis nenrly central to all-parts of the Unton, and there fs no elt” so well known to the world ns the one which feeds It. We have the South Park, with its thousands of acres easily accessible by rall- rond-trains, horse-cars, and stenners, nnd by the yenr 1000 the South Park will bo hi the centro of thousands of peopto all about It. At the present rate of progress Chicngo by that thne will have @ population of more than smillion people, and will be not only the grent granary of tho world, ns it is now, but a great manufacturing centre, With its enterprise, onergy, and public spirit, with Its imnrvelous capacity for taking care of vast crowds, with its equally marvelous attrac tions as n place of sumimer-resort, the be- ginning of the twentieth century would be innugurated with such 0 World's Falr as the world has nover yet seen. Let ft bo under stood, therefore, that nt this early day Chi- engo files her claim for tho World's Fair In 1000, aud may SHALL .WE HAVE CHEAP BOOKS? The Amerlean publishers (or many of them) havo recently becomo converts, aud with all the zeal of converts, to the doctrine of “Snternationn! copyright.” For thirty, forty, and fifty yenrs they have been Issu- fig In comparatively cheap form all tho great novels and other works of English writers, Some of theso publishers have catalogs of “sclect”” works, numbering per- haps as high as 400, which upto tho thine af tho War they issued nt 25 conts no vol- ume, but which thoy. haye since udvanced froin 100 to 200° per cent in price, To use thelr own now familiar term, all these works have been “pirated” But another school of pirates hus been cniled info ex- istence, Numerous publishing estabilsh- nents aro now engaged in publishing‘all the best works In tho English language, and trans. Intlons from other Ianguoges, in“ Libraries," and purclinsors can get any one of these pul- cations for t0, 15, or at most 20 cents. Thelr sale Is innmense, ‘They sell ln the propor tlon of thirty or forty to one of the same works published by the orlginal plrated at Weents oradollar, Thesy publication’ are scattered brondeast oyer the land, They In- elude, jn addition to all the standard works of fictlon, histories, travels, biographies, sel- entific, and oven theologleal books, and all by woll-known and recgguized authors of ability, We reeently*baw an editlon of Knight's History? of. England published In this cheap forjn; So low fs the price at which thes houks aro placed In the hands of pur- chgsaya “phat this’ kind of reading has Jargely' driven out of market the weak, trashy, and hardly decent publications which hdd previously been the only kind within the reach of millions of readers, ‘The distribu. tion of books of thia class Is a Natlonal beno- fit; it fs the best auxillary to the sehools that could be devised; itis bettorthan free pub Io Ubrarles, because theso books reach every yillage, and huulet, and farm-house, aud thelr effect {3 wholesoje’ and elevating, ‘The schools teuch the means by which children may educate themselves, and these books, ac cesstbte in no ottier form and under no othor clreumstanees, Is the actual placing of knowledge before, tho chiliren, and even older persotis, Which they could not obtain otherwise, 7) ¢ : ; 'The recent novel by Lord Beaconsfield was published In England In three.volumes, at halfa guinea per volume, or {i all $7.87 In our money. The‘ publisher paid the author 250,000, and - {santedt -10,000 coples, .A Afr. Grifith, an Kngtish: publisher, ina commus nication to the London ines, protestsngainst this system. Ile contends that had the book been printed fy'nre volnme and sold at half fA crown, or 60 cauty, at fenst halfa million of coples might have been sold in England, on whieh the publishirs would have made a profit of $125,000 Instend of $05,025, which ts the result of tho present edition. British publishers, however, are of the old schaol. They stick tothe policy of dividing a book into three volumes, and oblatning the highest possible price for the smaltest number of coples, The gratification of the public nt large nover enters ito thelr enleulatrons. Such a thing ag tho diffusion of knowledge by the largest circulation of good books fs no part of their policy. In Ftance this.policy onee prevaited, but was broken up by the practical etfurts of Levy: a French publisher. Le at first redueed the pelee of novels from seven franes to three franes, Authors and publishers proinpily experienced the wisdom of the change. The number of Hooks sold inecrensed, and tho profits to publisiiers and authors also in- creased. The relative prives of books in France and in England are Mlustrated In the euse of “ Metternich’s Memotrs,” the prlee of which In Franee, In two volumes, was $0.00, In England ,$8,04; and Madame do Rémusnt’s memoirs cost tn France £240, ant fn England $8.10, and other books in proportion. Now the ortginal. “pirates”? In tis coun- try are demanding a copyright Iaw, which will enable any one of them, securing a con: tract with an English publisher, to have ap exclusive right to publish the book In the United States. An English book whieh can be sold at o durge profit In thls coun- try and pay to the author a falr profit at $1.60 per copy, will under this now proposed arrangement be sold In this country at Sincupy, It was not unt!) the “Librarles” and others began thelr edi- tions of the best works in the English lan- guage at 10 to 20 cents 0 copy, and Ind flocdl- ed the country with thelr publications, that our largo publishers discovered the necessity for n copyright law for thelr exclusive bene- fit, Agalnst such a law public interest, pub- Ne Justice, and all considerations appealing to tho improvement, cultivation, and ecuca- tlon of the people protest. No such inw for such & selfish purpose, and diseriininating for a few against the millions, ought to be serlously considered, much less enneted, ‘Tie manufacture of bogus butter has re- cently been extensively noted and comment- ed upon. A large part of the publie has now w faint Idea of- tho enormous frauds whieh are perpetrated upou the consuming world in the preparation and sale of that ar- ticle, It will bo well If the awakening in that particular be the starting polut of un agitation which shall result in driving from the market all adulterntions of our food, drinks, and drugs, Thanks to the progress of chemleat discovery, the adulteration of nearly everything we consume has been re- duced tu 2 selence,—so extensive In Hs range as to make our means of subsistence Jargely prtificinl, The average lutnan be- Ing who is unblessed with the chemical knowledgo and napplinnces necessary to anniysis tluds himself entirely at the merey” of the nuulterator, Its brend inay contaln atuin, potatoes, and pulverized earth; hisbeer, ten and coffee, and spices, with the candy con- sumed by his little ones, are villalnous cam: pounds; his wines, It he Indulges in that luxury, are strangera to purity; and hiseigars contain solace to the overstrung nerves in tho shape of brown paper, enbbage leaves, ete, After having been poisoned by adul- tornted food and drink he fs doctored with drugs that have been adulterated, and, even if the medical man has prescribed correctly, may die for lack of the required remedy, the drugstore not providing the artl- cles enlled for In the preseription, Tho human belng of to-day fs thus running a per netual gauntlet, from his erndle to his grave; the Intter Leing not seldom renehed years before the syatem would give out froin ordl- nary dlsense or aceldent. Haw much of the grent Increase in our modern variety of dis- ense is duo to impure tulmentation and medl- ention, cnn scarcely be guessed at, It cer- talnly forms so great a proportion of the whole that one may well question if elviliza- tlon, as at present known, be more of # bless Ing or a curse to the commulty. ‘Tho Now Congresslonal Apportionment Followlng Is the text of Mr, Cox’s bills An Act making an apportionmentof fepresentne tion in Congresd ‘among tho several Btatus under the tenth ceysis; He it enucted by the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives of the United States of Ameriea in Con- ore uvnembled, After the 8d of Murch, 1883, tho r House of Ropresentatives shall be composed of QL membors, to be apportioned among tho seve rat States us follows: B/Misslssippt [Stissauel rylund Mussuchuvotts.,,... Michisatheeerss Minnesota Bre Whoney: now Stato is ndmitted to the Unton, the Representative or Represonta- tives assigned toit ahuall be added to the number, WN eaoh Btate entitled under this up- portionment the number to which auch 8tute may bo entitled In the Forty-olyhith and each’ aubdequent ;Congreas shall bo electod by dis- triets composed of contiguous territory and can- tnlaing, a8 nearly a8 practicable, an equal nun ber of tnhabitunts and equal in nuinber to the Representatives to which such State muy be ene titled in Congress, noone district electing more thun one Representative. — Tie popular, impression that Newfound: land jan dependency of Gropt Urltain appears to be erronocous, Lord Dunraven bos Just vated attention to tho fuot that by tho Treaty of Utrecht, #titt in force, tlsbing rights oyer tho shore from Cape Ray to Cape Jobn, compristug about threo-suyenths of the entire coast line of the feland, were scoured to Franco; and that country tays claim toa strip of Jand half a milo in width along tho entire western scenbourd, Some day tho actticwent of contlicting clulins uf the Knygllsb ond French Governments wil afford a fue oid for diplomatiomancuyering., Means whilo tho uncertuinty ig a werloug bir to the prosperity of the whole island, Tho Govern- mont la debarred from making any divposition of ovor 20,000 square twilca uf land, Nobody cures to purchase or attempt to dovelop the re- sources of tho laud. Worse still, ne it la subject tg no authority, 1% hus becoino tho refuge of erhuinals of all classes, for no writs uro olfect~ Ivo there, but “oyory mun docs that which seoms beat to bin fa his own eyes," ——— West Vinainia hag gone crazy after of- Alco since Go's appulntment as Beerctary of tha Navy for alx weoks, A Washington dispatch ways: oa A question now current jn Washington ia whotuer thoro are any inen in West Virginia witling to botd ofice. atils lott in that State, Tho answer would soem ty be that there sre none, but thal thoy aro ull ia” Washington, Binca Sec. selary of the Navy Golf entered upon bis ofticlal dutica every myn oul of employment in bis State secumto have emigrated ta Washington with the vonlldentexpectition that Golf will be able to provide for bin, Owlng to Goll's popu: Inrity In West Virginia tho npplicants abot evenly balance in numbers between Democrats and Republicans, ‘Tho corridor of tho Navy Lee partinent, oppostt Secretary Gott’s tloor, ta ditly crowded with) Weat Virginluns coger for oflies, Aa Mr, Gotf's tentro 1s of short duradiun he & not de ansthing for the many who cnllon lin men tn West Virginia who are willing to serve thelr country, Irrespective of party. ‘That nume ber Is legion. ————— Tne gains and losses of each State under the new apportionment recommended by Mr. Cox on the basta of 601 members, ns shown by tho oMleint table furnished to Congress by tho Cen- gus Bureau, would be ng follows: New, | Present Congr's| number] Gain | Tose, Ld 8 “ Arkansns 6 4 1 ” Callfornhe, 5 1 1 o 4 4 ” ” 1 t ” ” 1 By ” v » “ ” 19 vy - “ B BB oe 1 dW v 1 u i a ” Ww 10 ou? “ YY oOo} ” 4' 6 oo 1 oO 6 oe n iW yy Michigan, 10 Y I “ Minmiesoti, G 3 3 os ‘Miasina}: 7 6 1 ” BH Bh) . q 1 a i 1 “ 2 a Pe 7 ks eg ol 3. ” 8 8 ” W Fl) 1 1 1 rH ci a 1 2 2 ” 6 6 ” iy 10 1 coe | 6 2 a 1 H 0 “ ‘Wiscousitr, 8 8 oo a o “ 1B “10 The foltowing tuble shows tho gains and losses of tho chief geographicul divisions ot the coun- try under the proposed apportionment: oH Membera— Group of States. jain, Loss. Now England Mi 3 + a ‘1 3 Paeltic L “ ‘votal Northern 57) 4 Southern... 8 Gy 13 10 8 to v ox'a arrangement tho North will get two of the elght new mem: bers and tho South the other six,, Curiously enough, If the Houae should be Increased to 25 members, which {a not probable, tho North woull get sevontcen of tho tinrty-two new mombers, and the South only fifteen. a Census returns from the Southern States of Alabama, Arkansas, Georia, Loulstana, and North Carolina show thu followlpg rate of Ine crease of whites and biiteks: aAlubama—Whites, 7 per cent; negroes, 20 per cent, Arkansas—Whited, 64 per cont; negrocs, & per cunt, Geargia—Whites, 27 per cent; ucgrocs, 2 per cent. Loulsinna—Whites, 20 per cent; negroes, 33 per cent. North Carolina—Whites, 20 per cent; negroes, ut per cent. It will thua be seen that, with tho exception of Alnbama, tho negro race bus beon, Increasing snore rupldly than the whites fu the Southern States, ‘The snine fact has ulyo been shown by tho census returns of South Carolina and Mary jund. os A GERMAN correspondent of the Pall Mutt Gazctte writes that tha flnancial distress In Ger- muny is very great. Selling prices and: land rents aro falling frigutfulty low. Tho result 1s that debtors on mortgage cannot pay the In- terest of thelr debts, und are dispossessed, and thelr properties frequently sold at half thevalne thoy had some time ayo. This depreciation enn- hot bu uttributed to foreign competition, 18 the Importation of corn and other produce bas been” taxed, Jt is generally belleved, that the fall in prices 8 due tu tho searelty of cash. Se eee aed AREMANKADLE discovery in connection with the manufacture and sale of gas was ro- cently mado by the Cleveland (0.) Gus Company. ‘They discovered that a radical reduction In the prico of yas was followed by an Incrensed cons sumptiou toguch an extent that thelr proiits were larger at the lower rate than they had been bofore the reduction, In cousequenca. af suc ceaslya reductions, the people of Cleveland now pay only 81,05 per 1,000 feet for gag, anda yeeat many of them consume it at that price, ‘his ls an {tom of néwa for the gts companies of Chi- engo. ——<—<r Grex, Qanrienn Is mentioned by the Boston Tierald ag sti not only loaded with woinail that no three men can handle, but a strenin of callers dlows Lotween Mentor depot and his residence. Some come from mere curiosity; some beenusc thoy reatly ndiire the General, and cannot keep away; aud a yrent many ta bone and bore bin for olice, Me treats all with careful courtesy, but oven a few minutes to ench uees up all bis timo, <r CononessMaN and ex-enndidate for Prest- dent Wenver and some othors senta congratue latory dispatch tu Goy, Pluisted, of Maine, on Saturday, Tho name of Gen. Hancock docs not, however, appear amon the signers. Horent his congratulations last September, and has been sorry over since thut he did, a Se PERSONALS, Tennyson's new play ts a success, ‘Tho name of the Frenchman who wrote It hus not been given, “What Does the Winter Bring?” Is the title of w pou res ed yesterday, In Chlcayo it beinga diphthortu and cold feot. A London paper says that Mr, Gladstona hag been unusually cheerful of Iate.* Willian, has oyidontly buen beuting three queens for somebody, ‘The Detrolt Post publishes a poem entitled “Tho Lost Sitylark." If the bird ty a native of Detroit It 1s probably very glad to be forever out of that elty, Tho young Indy In Wisconsin who fs to Marry Ljorustjerna Bjorneen, the Norwoglun poet, 18 yratually lenrning to pronounce the name of bor ailanced. . Educate your suns, Josiun W. Sears, who graduntod trom Yate Colloge three years nyo, is sald tobo tho richest manu In Boston, Hts ane unal tax ig about 847,000, © Do weneed the whipping-post ?” anxiously inquires tho St, Loule Mepuliican, Probubly you do, now that tho boys ure gettiug too lurge to handle comfortably across your knew, Alice Williams, of Alpena, Mich, ins fit of roligious excitement a fow days no severed hor tongue with nrazor, Tho waits ta Alpena will be loaded with letters contaluing proposals of marrlago, A terrible story comes from Philadelphia, Ayoung ludy of that city awearcd ber tips with glue, and then allowed a Ingxard lover to kiss bor, Tho old mun camo in at tho right tine, ‘They avo now engaged, z In talking tho other day of his feelings dur- ing hig recont acvero Niness, Mr, P, tT, Barnuin snid: “I looked back and could hardly recall a benoit I bad rendered to my follow-mon alt my Ute.” Mr, Barnum teu littto too hard on bint sclf, His olrcus was once suspended for two acasons, ‘The Hour says that not very long ago some pootic genticmen in London quve un afternoon tou to Mra, Langtry and w few other ladies,whomw thoy received standing in wtriking poses ugalust the mantel-plece aud other coiunes of vantage aud cuch holding a lily. Shotguus wiust bo very searve in London. Once L had a lover; so bright was he » Tho villugo maidens did onvy mo; ‘The village maldeus may laugh toeday— My bright young loyor tas dunced away, ‘The village maidens jay laugh to-day, But that tv a wume that two van play; . If tovers will dunge away, eho, A maiden may nave two strings to hor bow. —Gall Ramdton, i A Parls papor says that the Queen of Italy went to the Apollo Theatre, In Rome, a fow evontugs since. On ullybting from her curcluye sho lost a diuwond valued at $1,00, A pulica- Dut be serves to bring ont the trie nitmber of , man, who found tt and roturned It to her Majos, ty, was handsomely rewarded. Something sim. Jar oceurred recently in Chleago, A. polteoman amills wolng Into a theatre lost a $1,000 diavions stud, PUBLIC OPINION, cr Portland (Ore.) Oreyontan fier): Away onght to be found of reducing Nevata ton tops ritorlal condition or muting itn cuunty of Val. forniit. Bloomington (Ll.). Pantgyraph (Iep.)s Mr, Storrs, us Attorney-Gonernt, would do hon to fils Stute, aud ably 11 the atdelon named top him, Hots 0 brilltant,and profound lawyer, ang a thoroughgolng Mepubllean, "Ag the four, Ktate tn the Union, and one of tho very fire in He ey to Mebuntican i principles,” MWnolg ot he rou ed in the muke- new Administration. SCHR OF thy San Francisco’ Chrontetes The tintmigras Yon treaty will only be opposed by Enstera sentinentillsts nnd tho Sand Lot and the demas xog elemout of tha Denocracy, ‘The conseryg. tye tinsaca of both purties will accent the wor ng well done, Tho reservations in fuver of travelers, merchints, students, ete. could nog be omitted without 1 gross ingult to the chy here Government and the good Benge of nan. Adu. "Pho fear of tho naturalization of the Chie nesu [3 not well founded, ag the Naturalization He will take care of that independently of the uty, New Orleans Pleayune (Dem.): It seems to us: that,so far from promising increased ofticin) patronnge to the colored ruce, Mr. Gare fick! pretty oleurly intimated that that race iq ns yet hardly fit for the possession of the power which It docs enjoy. It is an Indication of g great advance when a Republican pollticinn des clures in amanner so public and on ar oe slon 80 conspletous to a number of representa. tive colored men that thoy must at last abandon, tho Iden of belng talcon cure of: that they must Hepend upon themselves, and that only Yate gence and cultitre ein make thom really free, Chieago Evening Journal (Rep.): The only wonder fs that the Republican party of Pennsylvunta has endured the donineering dice tution of the Cumerons as long as thas. And more wonlerful atill is the fact that tho Re publican purty of tho great Btntce of New York has. so long submitted tamely to being mats a pack-horse of for Roseoe Conkling's sole benenht. ‘This grand old party of ours ought to live In strength forever, but ft 1s ensy 10 seq how the tyranny of * boss” rite will siiatter and rend it inio pleces, If persisted Inf. ‘Tho party whose original mission was to secure the trees dom of tran will not consent to Its own englnyes iene, Sugucious politicians must be ware of New York Sun: While Judges are trying prisoners for murder, they are nt tho samy time committing suleide and manslaughter. They aroslowly—and uot very slowly elthor—kilte ing themselves by constantly breathing the inpure alr of tho unyentiluted court-rooms, and thoy are killing the court attendants, the Jurors, and the witnesses by compelling thent tolubale the same noxious atmosphere, The stundluy order of every court, to be first pro mulgated regulurty overy morntug, should bes “Open the windots.” There ire grave objeclons to thiy modo of ventilation; but they ure ag nothing fa eumparison with the consequences of brenthing over alr which bag just agrrg Go tha process of belug drenthed over one hundred times in qiiek succession, Such air ls as cer tainly polsonous as arsenic or strychnine. It amity Hot be ag expeditions in tts eifects, bu itl equally sure. Our Judges dle off in their prime, or become disabled, ‘Tho best lawyers are cx+ treinely reluctunt to pags inuch tine ft court, because thoy know todo {tls certiin death. It Js nbout time tondopt some ellicient means for seeuring tho thorough ventiintion of every Court-Houso in the State, A HARD WINTER. SAVE YOUR WHEAT, Speetul Dispatch to The Chicago Tribune. Finpiay, 0., Jan. 18,—-After making oq extended tour throughout the wheat-grow ing regions of Ohio, Michigan, Indlana, Tk nols, and lowa, and from what I could sea aut hear from the farmers In those sections, it is my opinion that our wheat crop the com: ing season aust necessarily be very short ‘There are varlous reasons for this. In tha first place, the dry weather prevented seeds Ing until the month of October, and the wheat was seareely up when winter sct in, Then the eouthinous cold weather over siuce, without snow enough to protect ft from the frost, so tat one-half of it has already per tyhed. In addition to this, the months of February and March, whieh are the most severe months in the year on tho wheat crop, will render its destruction toa great extent a certainty. Jd. M. Stini —— TTARD LUCK, Spcctat Disputeh to The Chicago Tribune, Dusvave, In, Jan, 18.—Jacob Floyd, & farmer Jiving in Concord Township, seta trap to enpturé wolves Monday evening ‘This morning ho wont to examine the trap, and found one of his nelghbors with both hands In the trap and almost frozen to death. He was out hunting, and while exaululng tho trap hat both hands caught and was one able to extricate himself, MENDOTA, TLL. Menpota, ML, Jan, 18—The snow of Saturday and Sunday fs tho deepest we hare had for years, It is at present some tcelve to fourteen inches on the level, and affords splendid sleighing; but, belng Helit ant loose, « shoulda strong whid come It will drift bad: * ly, and cause much Inconvenlence to trans and other means of travel. NO snow. Wasmyatos, D, C., Jun, 18,-—-Raln wat reported this morning in the South. Cloudy and foggy weather generally prevatled, ex cept in tho Northwest and at the fur East, TITE SIGNAL SERVICE. Wanmaroy, D. Cy Jan, 19-10, m.—For ‘Temmesses andthe Ohlo Valley, rain, fol lowed by partly cloudy weather, variable winds, and stutlonary or a slight rigo fn teu perature, , For the Lower Lake region, Increasing eloudiness and Hght snow or rain, northeast to southeast whids, stationary or slowly falle ing barometer, or slight changes In tempera ture. " For tho Uppor Lako rogion, tha Uvpet Missourl and Lower Missour!l Valleys, slows jy rising tomperature aud slowly falling bare -oleter, variable winds, generally from south to west, preceded by north to enst winds {a southern portions, and clear or partly eloudy weather, with local rains In Mlssourt. LUGAL “OBSERVATIONS, CINCAGY, Jan, 9-10: Tims, | iin Ther, uo Wind ) Vet] in, | [| Gilda. in. jouae) of | Te 1H. Ma F a ea 7" pesFoucal 3a | Bt | E. itera AGL as Leh Ne “Maxtnuw Toupaniturs, Niet Gubitva tinge, NRUAL U1 My CMOAGO, dan, 1919213 oe Wind, Ba) Nz Hie! S: ei ties HEEENMIILE EUS Ne pete HUES ECE SE BENEBSEES ESUSRESEXENTRESESHERSE: SENSES: Bkonty