Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 7, 1881, Page 4

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Chicago th, Entered at the Post-Ogice at Chicagn, Mh, as Second Class Matter, Fortha denent of our patrons who dealre to sand tingle coples of Tita THINUN® through the mall, wo atve herewith the transient rata of postage: A Domestic. er Cony. btand Twelve Pago Lal pintecn Hage Papers... ht and Twelve Pago Vapor. conts, Ben Pors tapers re conte, TRIBUNE BIL If OFFICES. CAGO TRINUNE has established branch odlten Serine receipe O: subaoripticns and ‘advaruase ments an followa: SEW YOHK—Room 2 Tridune Bultding, F.T. Mo~ FADDEN, Manager, ULABGOW, Hcotland—Allan’s American Agency, 31 Henfold-at. LONDON, Eng.—American Exchange, 49 Strand, HExnr F, Gin.tG, Agent. WASHINGTON. D. News . AMUSEMENTS, Grand Opern-Tonse. Clark street, opposit now Court-lHouso, ment of Little Corinne. ‘Tho Mnala Silpper.” we tse MoVieker's Theatre. pity Madison streot, hetwoen Stato and Dearborn. Engagement of Miss Maud Grangor.. "I'wo Nights in Bome.” Wave Theatre. Dearborn strect, corer of Monroe. Fngagoment of Bioa's Combination. Tho alley Blave." Olympic Theatre. Clark streot, between Lake and Itandolph, Fngagc- ment of the Rents-Santley Combination. Varlety entertainment, Acndomy of Musle, Hateted strect, near Madison, Wost Side. “Call- e fornia Through Death." 5 Hootey’s Thentre. . | Randoiph atreot, botwoen Clark and faSatte, n= gaxement of N.C. Goodwin's Froliquas. “ Mabblos,? - Central Muete Hall, Corner of Randolph and state atreats. Lecture by John B.Gough. Subject: * Pintform Experiences,” Exposition Muliding. i * Lake front, opposite Adams streot. Whalo exht- Didon from 9am. to 10 p.m. ——e BOCIETY MEETINGS. ' ORIENTAL LONGR, NO. 3 A. F&A. M17 La ot Balie-at, inataliation of officers takos place Friday baprescne “All brethren invited ne, omnes ah CHAILES CATLIN, Secretary, ee aerial 1881. FRIDAY, JANUARY 7%, Senator MAXEY, of Texas, Informs a cor- respondeht of the Courler-Jourme that the talk about dividing the State is all moonshine, ‘He says: ‘Texas cannot be divided excopt by the consent of. ber peoplo, and here her people are wisely, unnitarably opposed toa divialon of the grundost Btato in the Amerioan Union; destined to pos- Bess moro political and commercial power than any Stato in thie great Hepublic, = * Good for Texas! Let it continue to be grand, powerful, good, and—indivisiblo, Mr, Siranre, in taking his place as Speak- er of the New York Iouse, recommended an extra session of the Legislature catled for tho speclal purpose of considering a revision of the laws relatifig to taxation, or a Commis- sion which shall take the matter under ad- visement and report when It has perfected a worklng schomo, Both recommendations may be adBpted. They do not at all conilict, It fs said that tho personal property of the State, which Is at lenst equal in valuo to tho real estate, pays less than 12!¢ per cunt of the | taxes, and fs continually paying 0 less pro- ‘ porhion, In 1869, for instance, It pald 23 per - cont of the whole tax. Mr, Sharpe's proposi- tion wns substantially the same as that made by Gov. Cornell ini his annual message, Ee st A gouRNAL of tho cheerful name of the Shroud, embellished with various cuts of caskets, palls, hearses, and other emblems of Old Mortality has suddenly burst upon an * astonished world. It fa devoted to the in- teresta of undertakers, and the first thing it has undertaken, in Its official enpacity, has been 4 complimentary notice, writ sarcastic, of Mr. Kenwood Phitp, once said to ben forger of pulltical bets for Zruth. Philp has gravitated naturally into the business of undertaking. In other words, ho has * gono on the road” for a celebrated firm which makes undertakers’ suppties a specialty, Wo feel sure that Mr. Philp could not have found & more congenlal yocution; but It is quite certaln that, unless ho can Incase the bodily aman in tho cold cerements of death more successfully than ho can Iny outa public Yeputation, he will not remit great protlts to ils employers’ account. " —_—_———— Tue report that Gon. Grant Js now willing to take the position of Seerctary of Stato in Garficld’s Cabinet presents possible compll- cations of more or less embarrassing nature, It seoms to bo generally believed that the ‘same position fins been offered to Senator Blaine, and that the Iatter has about de terinined to accept it. In such case an ox- pressed willingness on Gen, Grant's part to enter the Cabinet as tho Premier will be ex- ceudingly awkward for Cen, Garflold, a it lias been concerded on all sides that Gen, Grant’s claims take precedence of all othura; + yet, if committed to Senator Blaine, Garfield could scarcely recede. Mut there is 110 a8- surance that anybody has authority to speak for Gen. Grant In the mutter, and It still may be, as has been supposed heretofore, that Gon, Grant hns no teslre to go Into the + Cabinet In any position; hut, if le does, the * great bulk of the Republican party will de- sire to see his wish gratitied, Some very ubsurd fgurlug has bean done by Enstern newspapers and members of Con- Bress on tho new apportionment. Ar, , Springer, of UiHnols, has adopted the prini- {lve method of dividing the whale population y hat this rule will not work when appiled, as ta 4 He must be, tu the States separately, On the i; basis of 23 members, the whola number on {Je even dlyiston will be 284, leaving nineteen to + have twenty-two members on this apportion- 3. ment, as one’ blundertug organ’ has asserted, but ninoteen—a loss of one, The other States that lose are Alabama, Florida, I+ nols, Indiana. Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, ije,, Musuachusetts, New Hatpshire, Tennessee, ie antl Vermont, one each; New York, threo; at , and Pennsylvanla, two. It ts presumed that 4 Y° these great States can never be tne Mit; duced to vote for guch an. appor- if ‘onment, for, though they may not ita‘ lose ; relatively as compared with any 1g ‘ other apportionment, they da loge absolutely, He ‘In other words, the 203 basis would dimiulsh wh the: puniber of districts in New York by i f » thre, in Pennsylvania by two, and in each of ow other Btates named by one, To that ex- if; be distributed on fruetions, Ohlo wHl not 1 tent the chances for any local politicians to ho elected to Congress would be lessened, ‘and the present members woutd have te look forward to increased competition for the seats which they now hold. The 800 basts would bo open inn amatior ttegrea to tho sane objecttons, Tho 525 basis, on the othor hand, would Increase the representation from Now York, Pennsylyanta, Ohio, IMnols, and othdr Inrga States, ff tho ratio rtould bo ree «tice. to 800, New York, South Carolina, ‘Toxas, Kansas, and New Jersoy would ench aye one less member than on the 835 basis, If five more members should be taken off, Wisconsin, California, Lowa, Florida, and Michigan would each lose one, If the basis should be still further reduced to 311, Ken- tueky, Virginia, Nebraska, and Rhode Island woutd loso one each, But Mlinols, Ohio, and Pennsylvanian would still have one aplece more than at present. ey Tur election of a Low-Tax Democrat ns Spenkor of the Tennessea Senate yesterday indicates a trade of some kind on the Senn- torship, and the presumption {3 that tho Ro- publicnns will have the bonellt of It. ‘The wise thing for thom to do obviously was to relinquish their claims to all tho minor of- fices In both Ifouses for the sake of getting voles for Senator.. Nor could they be justly feeused of sacrifleing the honor or the inter- estof the State in sodoing., With an over- whelming majority of StateCredit men in both Houses and a Governor of the snme per- sunston there can be no serious danger of the sticcess of any of the schenies of repudin- tion, Tho election of Senator in ‘Tennessee is the most important of nil that are to ocenr this year, In no othor State fs the politteal standing of the now Senator In the Jenst doubtful, Not only {3 this true, but it fg probable that the control of the National Senate will depend on the result In that State, Owlng to the delay of tho Legistature In organizing, the election will not now take place until two weeks from ‘Tuesday next. Senator Bailey Is be- Neved to be already practically ont of tho Tace, ‘Iwo Low-Tax Dentocrats voted for the Republican coudidate for Clerk of the diouse for the sole purpose ‘of defenting Wade, who was understood to be Senator Batley’s'candluate. t Tur tenor of that part of the Queen's speech to Parllament which relates to Ire- Jand fs kind and frtendly, and the language, though general and Indefinit, isos assuring to the Irish peoplo as could be -expected from o British Ministry opposed, ns the pres- ent one Is, by the Innded Interest of the King- dom and tho merciless prejudices of the En- gllsh people. The legisintion for Ireland is hardly foreshadowed. Law and order aro to be maintained, and Parliament fs to be asked for all the powers which may be necessary for that purpose. ° The intimidation of the Courts and of the officers of the law nre strongly rep- robated. A removal of the grievanecs of the Irish people is promised, ‘The Irish Land act of 1870 Is to be fmproved. The weakness of that law was that it permitted the Jand- lords to exact from: the tenants contracts by Which the landlords were exempted from all the obligations of that law. That law has, also, under the circumstances of failures of crops, proved insufiicient, not. only in Ireland generally, but also in Ulster. A guucral readjustment of tha re- Intions: between landlords and tenants in Ireland is recommended, this readjustment to conform to the princlply of giving ton larger portion of the people, by purchase, a permanent proprietary interest in the soll on which they depend for existence, This, It ts sald, will requiro the removal of various ob- stacles arising ont of the limitations now erented by law on ownership. ‘This seems to foreslindow a chinge of the Innd tenure In principle at teast, as demanded by Parnell and the Land League, but the full meaning. con hardly bo’ gathered until the mensure proposed fs formally presented by the Mints- try, Itis evident that Mr, Gladstone’s Min- istry Is prepared for a radical reform of tand- lordistn in Lroland, but depends, of necessity, for success on the preservation of tho penco in Ireland while this mensuyo 1s ponding. ——— THE RAILROAD ARGUMENTS AGAINST NATIONAL REGULATION. é ‘Tho raflroad question has been brought up before Congress by the persistence of Judge Reagan, of Texas, who undoubtedly is enr- nest and sinecre in his effort to secure such National regulation of tho railroad commerco batween tho States as will afford the public adequate protection against the rapacity and discriminations of the corporations. At tho same time this gentlemnn’s pertinacions antagonism to every other suggestion than those Incurporated In his own bill may operate in the cn rather to retard than assist the adoption of any measure calculated fo Rorve the purpose In view. ‘Tho opposition to the Henderson bit, which was reported by the Commerce Committee, is well-founded 80 for ns that bill falls short of conferring upon that the railronds have the right to cross tivers under the authority of Congress, and, if the Constitution warrants Congresstonal Temlation of inter-State commerce for tho benefit of the rallroad corporations, It ty absurd to contend that it has no sneh an- thority for: tha protection of the people agatnst the enoronchments of the corporn-* tions. Tho Supreme Court hns also decided that the States have severally the power to regulate the management of railroads lying within State jurisdiction as well os othor common-carriers, whethor they be. stages, express-wrgons, or two-wheel carts, It is equally absurd to conclude that the United States Government, having under the Con- stitution tho right to regulate commerce Among tho States, has not os much power within its proper jurisdiction as one of the States, lence there fs no rensonabledoubt, under the most obylaus constriction of the Constitution and under the actual decisions of the Supreme Court, that the authority of Congross 13 ainplo in tho premises. &. That stich a aw as Mr. Rengan proposes will make Nashingtos tho headquarters of all the ralirond offices tn the country, whothor thoy like itor not, and that those roada will tu coms polled to keep agents there nil tho tne to look alter their Intercats before Congress, which will be the genurt! nanaging power of thom alt. As ninntter of fact, auch a Inw ns ought to ‘be enneted, inclining the provisions and pen- nltles of Mr, Reagan’s bill, with the addition of the Commission fenture, will rellevo the rallroad corporations from the expense and disgrace of keeping their lobby agents In Washington to corrupt Congress and prevent the passage of legisintion necessary to the protection of the public. A National rail- road Jaw ought to correspond very nearly to the State Ratiway lawof INinots, ‘Lhe Intter has not compelled the railroads of this Stato to keop agents at Springfiekt. There are no rallrond headquarters at tho Capital of Lili- nols, nor any other offices or agents thera except those necessary to the transaction of actual railrond business at that point. A almilar National flaw will not require the presonce of rallrond agents or attorneys at Washineton any more than tho State Inw requires their presenes at the State Capital. ‘The rallroad companies that shall abide by tho requirements of tho proposed law will not be molested or embarrassed, and it will be the duty of the National Railway Com- mission, in behalf of the people, to look up the representatives of tho rallronds which shall vlointe the Jaw, 3. That sitet legisintion ‘will entarge tho Juris- Aletion of the Federal Courta, aunt that of the Rinte Courts, and make the procurement of Justice ty a private citizen moro dificult and oxpensive than now, If there wore any force to this polntit would not be urged by the railroad corporn- tions, for they are not at all concerned as to how much trouble the private eltizen maybe subjected to In‘ his effort to procure justice agagalnst them. As o matter of fact, the proposed Jegistation would make the way easier and cheaper to the private eltizen for the procurement of justice without in any way disturbing the present relations between the State and tho United States Courts, Tho State Courts have not now any jurisdiction over the abuses practiced by the rallronds tn their Inter-State commerce, and the United States Courts will have their jurlsdictton eleurly defined; tndeed, thelr worle will be simplified “and thelr usefulness fneréased with the intermediate intervention of a Rnil- way Commission possessing the power to correct abuses, In many cases without going iuto court, whenever the corporation shall have become convinced that they cannot yio- Into tho law with Impunity. 4. That the proposed [aw discriminates In favor ofshort huis, and its tendency will be to make frolubta for lon distances oppressive, and trat- fle in many instunces quite impossible, This was the argument employed by the rallroads at the time they were resisting the passngo of the Ilnols tiw, Experlenee has proved that the apprehension was without foundation, ‘There {s no danger that the railroads will undertake to mato the rates for long distanees oppressive in order to se- cure large returns for service over shorter distances, for they would this destroy their business, ‘Che purpose is that tho railroad corporations shall not be permitted to dis eriminate In favor of one individual against. others in fixing thelr rates, nor In favor of one locality where thers is competition against others whero there fs no competition, ‘This purposo has been worked out under the Illinols law, so that: discriminations are raro and may be quickly corrected and without Juterfering with trafile or making freights for long distances oppressl ye. 6, That, wherever States uve legistaggd (n this same direction, the result has been difectty op. [ose tothit sought. In att such cnses frelghis have been largely Increased, and nidditional and PDACESNY: ‘burdens buve been laid upon sbip- This statement Is unqnalifiedly false. 1f any State railway Inw has falled of its purpose It ts because the Jaw was not prop erly framed or exeented, The Linols Inw ist in no sensen fallure, ‘Tho authority of the State Commission Is respected, and has been ever since the validity and practical operation of the Inw were sustained by tho the Commission ft proposes the proper Courts. It fs now possible In almost all authority for quasi-Judicial examination ¢t-| enses of complaint to secure restitution and complaints nnd for instituting sults when its.| to provide against recurrence of the offense authority is disputed, It fs also true that the Reagan vill 14 prefernble to the other In “providing for Indictment and punishment by fino as well as for damages, But thera fs no renson why the yalunblo features of both bills should not bo united fn one, and Mr. Reagan’s op- position toa Commisalon under such condl- tlons ts altogethor unreasonable. Any code whieh relies for its enforcement upon the usual tedious aud costly process through the United States Courts or any Commission with tled hands will bo equally ineffectual. Whatte needed Is a National Commission inodeled upon tho English system, with pro- scribed duties to enforce tha provisions of law relutlye to publicity and uniformity of rates and abstention from discrimination in any form, ‘Tho subject has already made progress enough In Congress, howuver, to betray the stubborn resistance which the proposed leg- {slation will encounter from the rallrond cor- porations and thelr agonta, Tho principal polnts of their opposition have transpired, and they will not bear the test of analytical criticism, They may be exainined to ade vautagn in detail, toa tant Conran hue Horright to meee Loe diction vor raltrouds, such sasuinotion ts buged on the clause of the Constitution which deelurea that Congress shall regulate coms inerca with foreign nitions und nniong the sav. eru States. It willbe urged that the clunse in question was noyer designed to give Congress oe auch power, If it has power to interfere With the business of raltronda, then {¢ can rou. Jate oll common-enrriers, even to the two- Wheeled cart which plies between two States. ‘This is begging the whole question, Tho Constitution nuthorlzes Congress “to regu Inte commerce among the several States,” ‘This authority {snot imited, nor was Itim- tended to be Iimited, to waterways or rond- Ways, lad such been the case, the framers. of the Constitution would. have sald so ex- viicitly, Itaitroads were not known, and probably not dreamed of, at the thne the Coustitutlon was adopted, but the framers of (hat instrument made the provision in ro- gard to juter-State commerce so broad that it Includes rollroads to-day, and will include airships or any other agency for carrying on commerce between the States that may be Invented In the future, More- over, the authority of Congress over the mut- ter hus been affirmed by the Supreme Court in the constructlons already put upon that clause of the Constitution, Jt has been held without resorting to the delay and cost of Mttgntion, ‘Tho ontery ngninst railroad abuses has largely subsided in this State, except as against the great combinations that control Inter-State commerce and op- erate outside the jurlsdiction of the State law, If the rallrond attornoys and lobbyists ean urge no stronger objections to the passage of a Natlonal railway law than those they havo presented thus far, It will be pretty uvi- dent to the peopta In cusa the project fall that something besides argument has been brought to bear upon Congress to secure stich a result. SOME PHASES OF MALICIOUS CAPRICE, Tho London Speetator, ina recent Issue, devotes a tong essay to the sludy of “ matl- clous caprice,” basing Its reflections upon two attempts to destroy Jify which were chron- Teled on tho same day in the dally papura, One of those was-tho discovery of n danger- ous cartridge concealed in some coal which aman was about putting into n furnace con- nected with a thrashlug-machine; and the other was the placing of four ties upon a rall- road with the Intention ot upsetting trans, As this kind of “imaticlous caprice,” as the Spectator terms tt, Is not confined to -En- gland, but is of -frequont ocenrrence in this country, it will bo interesting’ te summarize the Spectator’s speculations, It 1s by no means uncommon for obstructions to ba pinced upon our rallroads, ‘Torpedoes hove beon placed In conls, Infernal ma- chines, cunningly concealed, haye been sent to unsuspecting parties. Barns, haystacks, and outbpildings hayo been fired, Horses and cows haye beon cruelly mutilated. Mis- siles have been thrown at passing trains, and various deyicea havebeen resorted to by un- principled persona to Increase the discom- forts of othors in some cases, and often to take human Jife, What Is the cause of these actions ? ‘Tho Spectator is Inclined to view them as huge practical jokes, perpetrated by a lower class agulnst a superior class, for thepurpose of bringing calamity upon them, “Its point is Mhustrated In the following paragraph; It ie to oo tvared that thore are men—though very fow wen—in whom thore fe us little sym par y wie pooply suiforing wugulsh, or overt loath, us there fe with people auffering from Violent irritation of the mucous membrane. As B inluor wistortunc—-sumothing that causes real, thouyh not tho must surious, sulfering—is eavential to a practical joke, sou Vary great mis: TRIBUNE: FRIDAY, JANUARY 7, 1881—TWELVE PAGIS, fortund, something that cruses positive anguish and despair, may be necossacy fn tho mints of certain brutalized men before thotr rouse of tho iueongrinta {4 fully gratified, Tho hoy who Btrenings with dolignt when ho heurs tho siarp ery with which his sistor sits down upon a pin may well grow into tho mao who, ff bo be poor and wretched himerlf,takes aratarnine satistac- tion In renlizing that. without bringing any ovll on himself, ho may bring ruin ona large group of people who aro ns comfortably off as ho fs tho rovorse. There is considerable force in this view; more, perhaps, than in another which it uraes—namely? that there are many people in the world who keanly feel thoir own tn- significance, and that brutalized men who henr constantly of tho extraordinarily de- structive forees which modern selence ling placed within our reach have an overween- tng desire tu Iet off sonie of these grent forces ngalust the world, and thoreby prove to thomselves that thoy are of some necount. As tho Spectator says: “It ts not, perhaps, exactly vindictiveness which moves him, so muchas an active feeling of humilintion at the sense of his own Jnsignificance and tho triumph of feellng that he need not be Insig- nificant’ unless he chooses; that ho may well, If he pleases, cause almost as much excitement In tho work os he would {f he ‘were a despotic King or o grent General.” We question very much whether. any of, those malicious Jokers Indulge in any such process of renson- Ing or reach thelr. disagreeablo and often deadly methods of solf-nssertion by any such route, If the motives of these evil geniuses coukl be traced with accuracy, they would without question: be fond rooted In some Injury, either direct or Indirect, real or iinaginary, perpetrated by the victims whose’ harm they seck to compass In the most cow- ardly of all ways. ‘These Injuries may be ‘real or they may nof, for often what appears ta be nn injury to‘n servant of a corporation, for instance, does not appear In that guise to tho corporation Itself. The latter nny dis- charge an employé, because It lias the right to do soy"or Is for its best interests, without any Intention of Injury, though it Involves hardships to him and his family; and some- thnes what is in reality cruelty on the part of a corporation Is unavoidable, as for Sustance the ejection of the poor crentures the othor «day whose squalid hovels stand In the way of tho en- trance of the Western Indinna Rallrond to this city, People injured even in the most remote inanner, having no belief In thelr re- -sponsibility to a Higher Power for the taking of life, and very sure of esenping detection, seek to injure the corporation that has done them hari, utterly reckless of what may happen to {unocent people. Trobably If they could do so without danger of revenllng thelr plans, they would notify tho innocent and concentrate their yindictivencas upon the corporation, but they cannot do so, and consequently they strike blindly, regardless how many. others suffer, provided thoy can. Snilleé injury upon these who thoy fancy have injured thom. ‘This theory will probably’ account for most of the mallelous enprics in the world, and It might be illustrated by the Nihilists of Russia, who in their determination to de- stroy the Czar do not hesitate to Involva others fn danger agalust whom they have no arloyauce, shnply because they camot reach the Czar alone. At tho same tline tliere fs undoubtedly a eluss, though not a very Inrge oney Which has a splte against those who are more happlly conditioned . than they, in whose minds tho sight of Inxury, or even of comfort, arouseya feeling of the most brutal yindletiveness, and who take a positive com- fort and delight’-in' revenging —them- selves upon then. = tndividual — in- stances of this are not ‘Infrequent. Com- munism and Sociatlsm are not without its’ characteristics. It cropped ont in the French Revolution. Its spirit was manifested In our labor rlots a fow-yenrs ago, when this class rose and joined hand#with those who wero striking for better wages, ‘Thorots still an- other class—tnough Iet us hope a small ono— which alms at torture and murder, with no other Incentive than the fiendish delight {t takes In witnessing ‘scenes of agony and Dlood, Itke that abnormal monster Jesse Poucroy, who, after malntng, mutilating, and killing children, was found flaying a kitten tn his cel the other day. ‘Tho latter class should be remofed from the enrth og one wonld destroy a mad dog, or venomous serpent; but how to, deal with the other elnsses ts a‘question In moral etfics which has never yet been suflelentiy studied. And tho despair of the sltuation Is, that thelr crimes do not grow Ipss frequont as eduen- tlon and elyilization atvance thelr beneficent Influences. ——_———— WHEAT PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED 3 STATES. ‘Lhe two gentlemen iho visited the United States a year or moro ago, Mr, Pelland Mr. Read, being members of the English Conmis- sion appointed to investignte the whent-felds of Anierlen, aro still bolstering tho cause of the English Iand-owners by speeches to tho eflect that wheat-growing in the United States {s already so costly and the lands so rapidly exhaustlug that British farmers can continue to pay high rents without fear of American competition In breadstuifs. ‘Chis judgment, or this declaration, rests upon two or three facts: (1) "That tho only American whvat- Jands that produce abundantly are go remote from the seaboard that the cost of transpor- tation will render ig Impossible to deliver the grain at competing * prices In England; (8) that the average. English production of wheat is thirty bushols to the nero, while in tho United States it fs only thirteen; and (8), that American farm- ing is so slovenly carried on that tho wheat-fields of the Enstern States are al-! ready exhausted, and that this exhaustion is rapidly extending to; the more Western States, These statements are so much of the nature of half truths, and so’ wildly pre- sented, that thoy furnish a most Imperfect and altogethor unsafe foundation on which torestconclusions, American farming 3; in one sonse, emi- nently practical, ‘Chose crops are grown for which at the time there Is the greatest demand and the most ‘romunerative prices, In England wheat is raised to mect a market in which the demand nlwnys execeds the supply; hence wheat In England ‘Is always cortain of sale, in the United States wheat is raised for a home imarket In which the supply always exceeds the demand, and where the prico of thd wheat crop Is fixed and Hinited by tho price offered for tha surplus tn a foreign, market. "The incentives to wheat-growlng are widely difeyent in tho two countries, In the absence of a demand for the surplus wheat production, the prices ‘obtained in the overstocked dumestle nar. ‘kels wre siut ag remunerative og those ab- talned for other crops: ‘Thuro is always a market for muize, because it can be converted juto beef, pork,‘and lard, and into alcoho}, for which commodities there 14 always a de- mand, The land can also be moro, profitably employed for grazing, ‘and ratsing sheep and wool and beef, Henee ‘the acreage devoted to wheat Js vastly less than might bo, andthe attention given to its‘growth less careful than 1s given to other, alyl more proftable branches of farming, - A defleiency In the Britlsh production of breadstuffs Iniwwlng now become a pernia- nouey, the British market for wheat to the extent of that detlclency:has been practically added to our own; and, 'It haying been dis covered In France andGermany that Jt Is cheaper to buy bread from the United States than to ratse it at home, the Amerfenn sur- lus has been inereased to invet this forelgn demand, and 1s capnble of indefinit expan- alon,—oven to supply all Europe, should the growth of wheat there fall or bo abandoned altogether, Another explanation will dispose of one more of Mr. Dell's half truths and. its fallacious conclusions, ‘Te practice In this country in States where tho land has been tn use for some the Is to sow whent in the fall, and thon near the close of winter, on the last. fall of snow, to sow tho same fielis with clover; the wheat protects tho clover from weeds, and secures ita goo footing, ‘Tha clover then occupies. the field for two. or three years, and is used for pnsturage, or Is mown for hay and aced,—tlrst _n crop of hay, eutearly In the season, then about tho timo frost comes It !s mown again for a crop of cloyer-secd, At tho end of two or three years tho clover Is nelthor pastured nor eut, dutis plowed undor as manuro, and answers the purpose well, restoring the ground for wheat or other grat, The crop of wheat when clover-sced fs sown with itis often or generally Nght, and reduces the average, ns ft isthe crop before the ground gots arest in grass. Anothor thing that reduces tho average fs wheat sown. in the South, which is not well adapted to its production, or in the extreme West, beyond tho limit of suflletent rain, In the annual reports of acrengo sown in wheat those lands nro Included, and, though whent is not the crop sought, the production of from five to ten bushels of wheat per acre on these lands, being Included. in the grand total, reduces the average per acre of tho’ whole whent production much below the reality, Deducting the nerengo of this do- seription and the straggling cultivation in districts where whent Is not grown ns a crop, the avernge production of the, whent-lands proper of the United States will range from eighteen to twenty-five bushels of wheat per acre; and imililons of neres produce from twenty-fiveto thirty-three bushelsevery year. Any farmer owning what Is called “wheat- tands,” who takes the pains to prepare his fletds properly, Is reasonably certain ofa yield exceeding twenty bushels in a common and twenty-five bushels per acre fn a good yenr, and from that up to forty bushels. Whent lias been grown in Ohio for cighty years, tho acreage annually increasing as the State was sattled up. It wasonce the lént- ing wheat-growing State, Its annual prot: uct, however, In those «nys rarely exceedod 20,000,000 bushels, In the other crops were more profitable, and wheat-fields were put in Grass tnd sheep and live stock wero raised, OF Inte years, therd’ being an Incrensed de- mand and better prices for wheat, the Iands which Mr. Pell supposes were long since ox- hausted wero put In whent in 1879, with the Slelet of 80,591,360 bushels, and again in 1880, with ayleld of 7,702,800 bushels, In Now York wheat has been grown tor 100. years, but, other crops being more profitable, most of the Inud was put to other uses. In 1870 the yleld ‘frum -n sinall proportion of the supposed exhausted Innds was 10,740,060 bushels, and fn 1850 It was 12,991,287 bushels, Ponnsylvanta has been ratsing wheat almost sinco the days of Willlam Penn; she has always produced a large amount, and yet her wheat fields, supposed by Mr. Pell to be worn outafter a century and more wheat-grow- ing, produced 29,807,247 bushels In 1879, and 22,200,000 bushels fn 1890, which. crops have neverbeen oxceeded. Indinna, which hasbeen nStata of the, Union’ sinee 1899, and has never been regarded asngreat wheat State, but has always been rather clussed nga corn- srowlns State,—the whole area of the State being less than that of Ireland,—under the Insplration of better prices produced, from her * worn-out” whentelields 10,709, 118 bush- els of wheat i"1879, ‘fhid'68,251, 000 biisliels bh 1880, : In I fnols the facts are even more romark- able, as throwing fight upon tho deluslong of Mr, Pell as to the exhaustion of tho soil of tho older States. Hlnols lins been growing -whent and corn for néarly seventy years, and but lute has ever been dono to renew tho soll except by the clover process already mentioned. ‘ha acreage of winter wheat has changed but little during the Inst twenty yenrs, In 1800 It was 2,109,471 acres; In 1800 ib was 2,607,142 neres; In 1870. If was 2,140,800 acres, Tho ylell per acre ranged from eleven to fourteen bushels, ‘Lhe highest productof the State in any one given year prior to 1873 was 33,971,173 bushels {n 1803, and ft was ns low ns 23,110,000 in 1876, With substantially tho game acrcazo and better cultivation the product of wheat in Uinols in tho last four yonrs has boen: Per aere, bu. Total bu, 104 Fs 100,56 87 iB, about. a ‘This ts from the wheat Iand in what Mr, Poll deseribes as tho worn-out and exhausted soll of an old State, which. las boon raising wheat since 1816, ? Michigan, anothor State without any great reputation is n wheat State, tinds no din- culty in producing upwards of 80,000,000 bushels a year in the south part of the State, whon prices appear modorately remunera- tive; and Wisconsin has no trouble to.pro- duce 20,000,000 bushels in the south third of the State on her “ worn-out ” felis, We need not spenk of the capacity of the younger States with theirnlmost virgin soil, ‘These States have as yet hardly entered upon. the production of wheat, We haveshown that in the old wheat States, all of which havo hbeon producing wheat for moro than half a century, all that{s needed to indice the old- timo prolitic production of wheat is the pros- pect of a markat. Tho surplus of 200,000,000 bushels grown thls year enn be Increased, aa wo have sald, ndefnitly, and Itcan be produced and dollyored profitably in England nt prices which will utterly forbld British competition at the present cost of production. in that country. ‘There Is ‘hardly an nero of Jand which produced wheat fifty years ago in tho Northern’ States which, under the offer ofa market for tho surplus, cannot bo mate ng productive nag {t was the first yenr. It was cultivated, . British furmers who place faith In Mr. Pell's assurance that the soll of tho United States fs so nearly exhausted that ‘this country will In time have to fiuport, wheat will find them- selves most lamontably decelvad. ‘Tut: casy success of Mr, Conger in the Re- publican educus of the Michigan Legisiature was 8 ‘surprise even to hls frlenils. It was suppesed that he might be the winning man in the end, but nobody looked ‘to seo him carry off the Sonatorlal nomination the first night. Jie owes his goud furtune to the frlends of Mr, Baldwin, who were deter tilned to punish Mr, Bagley for having ren-” tlered the return of thelr favorit Impossible, Bagley lacked only two votes of a majority, but hecould not overcome the, combined forces of hls opponents, and was conse quently obliged to yield tha honors to Conger, who was tn truth the “dark horge'"” of thorace. ‘The Senatorclect (for such he, practically is) Is 3 years of age,. and -has beon in public Ifo almost. continuously for thirty years, Ho was. elected Judge of the County Court of St. Clair County in 1850, served three terms in tho State Senqte from 1855 to 1859, was a member of the Constitu- tlonal Conyention In 180),'a Presidential Elector in. 154, and jias been a mewber of Congress for tha last twelve years, being also redlected to the Forty-seventh Congress, Mr, Conger has bebn'active In the House, and a thorn In the side of his polltiea! opponents. Tlehas tho rules of parlianentary procedure, and espectally the compliented system of the House of Representatives, nt his finger-tips, and ign keen and rasping debater, Io has the reputation of having rather a waspish disposition, but those who know hin say that his Inck of ainlability is chiefly on the surface, and Is only a kind of war-palnt that ho puts on when hols gunning for Democrats, Mony of the qualities that have mado Mr. Conger consplenous in the House will be of no service to hin in the Senate, which tan more dignified and reserved body, and cares nothing for “pints of order, But It Is not ensy to sea how o man_ possess Ing Ms large experience of public Hfo and his native ability can be otherwise than a useful and honorable representative of his Sinta in the Senate. Ils able management of the chse of the IlMnols contestants in the Republican Nattonal Convention, in which ho served as Chairman of the Committes on Credentials, did much towards establishing the prhiciple of district representation; and his sorvices on that ocension would seem to show that neither accident nor mero wire- pulllng had given him the position which he holds, It{s proper to ndd that Mr. Conger ts an extreme Protectionist. He yoted thirty: four tines in the Chicago Convention for James @. Binine, and cast his thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth votes for President-elect Qar- field, Se Savs “Gath” Ina recent letter from Now York: It what Thear is true. and it scema to bo woll nttested, tho disadvantage of bemg Conkiing’s nevessory tn politica: aro manifest, Conklin was opposed to Arthur going on tho ticket with Guriletd, and for awhile was highly inconsod athim for accepting. ‘Tho atory Is, that after Gartteld was nominated nnd the Convontion adjourned, the Onlo men, fenving that tho miut- eliing would beat Gartleld in New Yori, reaches fo thts State fara enudidate in tho myehine who would pull the ticket through, Clink Wheeler, Pollve-Commisstoner French, Postmaster James, and many othors told tho Ohio men that Arthur was the nan to nominite, Arthur was nsked if ho would necept i, and he sald he believed he would, Ha went to see Conkling, who was sour, - stulen, sneoring, ote.. and stds Mr, Conkling, Tam offered the Vice-Presidential nomination, and Lthink | wilt 0 Ite : “den Arthur,” replied Conkling, “sou don't wait to tike it. We don’t want anything to do with this ticket. It is not offered to us out of any respect or considerntion for us, but ty olect this ticket for thom. Tintis ail" " “ Senator.” replied Gen, Arthus, A A don't aut is, todecting in order to beat the ticket, do vou?" ‘This was sucha sharp cut and so mottiesomoe, compared to Arthur's general softnuss with Conkiing, that it mado the Senator turn palo, Arthur, now n tittle aroused, again remarked: “Tho Vice-Presidentiat tiomination vocs not paid te aman every day, and (think I will ace ‘cept it. Un the way home from Chicngo I saw persons fresh from thlking with Conkling, who was on tho game train, and he fens attack ny the ticket with ult his fertility of imputation, [le directed his doprecinting remarks ut Garticld; and it nevor scemed to hive crossed his mind that Arthur was on tho ticket, and that, ns a potitionl friend and follow, Arthur's morits were worth consldoring. ed * Gov. Consett, of New York, In his an- nual messayo referred to the railroad question :at tho position of e ‘ship raflrond across tho Isthmus of ‘Tohuante-, dn tho following terms: : Unjust discriminations in tho rates of trans- portation cause embarrassment and unnatural competition. Favoritism for ane interest ro- sults in turdship to nnother, Stability and unt formity in froight turlifs are necessary for tho safe condvet of business. Not only should equality of service bo rendered to all citizens, ‘but as well to all communities, For like serv- {eo nit patrons should be placed upon xn equal footing, and, as fur as practicablo, gencral pub= Helty should be givon to frolght taritts, This fs understood to bo a direct slap at Chauncey M. Depew, who fs tho raflrond candl- date for United Statas Senator, On tho subject of Imprisonment for debt tho Governor made this conclso statement: It is tho popular fmpression that imprison- ment for deht was abolished In this State many yenrsaxo, Such undoubtedly was the lutentiots when the hws to tlils end were onncted; but une fortunately, 1s many vlotling can testify, tho abject was not attained. “Cho County Jall in the City of New York 1s never free of prisonors de- tained for debt, aud it 1s not tncommon to find from tifty to sovonty-live debrora, so-called, vontined thoreln, some uf whom bave been kept thore for years, . Tnstnnces of iinprisonmont for- claims ns amnlt aa $20 are not infrequent. © Cruol hardship is constantly Intiicted in this manner, and {t Istiuo tho unfortunite muculoots, of such outrage that tho huws reguinting imprisonment onclvil procass be thoroughly revised, and all obnoxivua foutures oxpungud. 2 ————__— A comnesronprnt of the Courier-Journal bas visited Was! ton County, Kentucky, where Abrahum Lincoin’s parents wero wedded, and has uncarthod tho following certiNeata: State of Kentucky, Washington County, Sct— Ido certify that nevording to tho rites of the M. HE. Churott L sulemuized tho rites of matri- mony between ‘Thuinng Lincoln and Nancy Hanks on tho 23d day of Septembor, 1806, as Jesuit Heap, D, B, B,C, State of Kentucky, Washington County, Sct T, W. PF, Booker, Clork of tho Washington Coun ty Court, do hereby certify that tho above is a true copy of tho ministor’a roturn of tha mar. ringe of “lhomnas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks, us shown from tho reeords of my ollico, Given under my hand and tho geal of office at Sprlugiicld, Ky, this 27th day of Dei Seal, = W. i q Clork of Washington ( Nee acc Nonrienn mon know that they will re- ceive 1s warm) a weicome from Southornors a5 thoy will from tho people of other sections of tho country, notwithstanding tho fulse state- ments that aro from. time to time put forth b partisan writera, who clthor wilifutly or throug! auurnnce misrepresont the uctuat condition of ulfatra in Southorn States.—Muimgomery (Ala.) Advertiser and Mat, Northorn mende know that thoy recolve a “warms" recoption in thoSouth, Boiling tar ia Warm, <A deesa-sult of foathors cut décollote keeps out tho chilling blast, A shotgun with a Ku-Klux at tho butt-ond of It makes tho blood circulate rapidly, oven ona vbilly night. ee Sosz very interesting developments In ro- gard to the oxelting events of lust winter in Maino have just beon brought to Nght. It now oppeurs that Gen, Chamberlain, tho military arbiter during those warlike scenca, believed that Lnmaon, tho Fusion Prosident of the Son- ute, Was tho rlahtful Governor, and wrote a lot- ser to Chlef-Justice Applaton advocating Lam- son's recognitién by the Court, The abayo has beech uncurthod by certain lenders to, koop Chamberlain out of the Senatorial contest, aud a, considcrablo sunaation has been created. —————————-, A pispaten from Romo says the Roman Achivologleal Commiasiow have sont an urgent protest to tho Syndio nyalnst the grantlug of a concession for a horse-railway along tho old Applan Way, and in {t havo exprossed their aur- priso that, while tho municipality refused por- wisslon for the cunstruution of one along tho now Vin Appla loading to the sumo point, thoy should bo willlug to pormit of {ts boing laid along tho ancient way, notwithstanding the prubablo injury it will cause to tho road and the monuments along it. ——— ‘Tru firat report was that tho President had Wanily decided to sond inte the Senate tho name of one Hogg, for many yoars Calot Clerk of the Navy Department, but it scams that, Natban Goll, of Wost Virginia, is to play Secre- tary for clght weeks, West Virginia has been elunoring for a scut In the Cabluct, as ropro- sonting tha South, aud has flnally got it, The Chief Clerk wot having rooted Hke a hogg, bis aspirations have died. —————_ - THERE {sa dispusition abroad to poke fun Mussachusottson the Pouca nsous singular, It ie. Not another State in the Union would bayo risked ridicule by loud Lariat againat patont Injustice.-Sprin, Ree ul lean. Musguchusetts has not only “risked” ridioute, It has achieved It, Andthore beging to be a buspicion abroad that Massuchusotts hgs de- served It, CNN eee James EAns, the jotty lobbyist, has got a conceasion in Mexivo of 1,000,000 acres of iand ani a promiso of $1,600,000 In silver to build a poe to carry frigutos, aud wasevcssels, and mons itors over on platform-care with magio axlos, He Js to charge @15 4 bead for passengers, 1 por cont on bullion add jowols, and 85 por oublo yard of displacement on ships. . —<————— ONE of the oldest and best rural journals Ja Michigan is the Allezan Journal, which , has comptoted its quarter-contonnial and is now ens tering on ite twouty-sixth year, Its sucooss has been duc In part to ita excellent chief editor, Mr, ‘1D. ©. Honderson, who learned how ‘yood news’ papers should po mado in the Now York Tribune oftice under Horace Grooloy, He has been ably ecconded, especially In tho locnt department, by Mr. E.G, Reid, ‘The Journal has atways beon a fourless newspaper, keoping well abrenst of tho {lmes and expressing ite opinions In the propor timo ant pince with perfect Indepondence. It ta neredit to Michigan Journalism and to the grent Tirty whose cnuse it fas vigorously suppnrte( for so many yours. : 4 a PERSONALS, © Phe Nautel-girl show was a fallure In Bogw ton. It wasn't quite up to tho nuutel. Prof, Nordenkajiid has written « book, but. fortunately itis to be printed in French, Gen, Garfetd rises nt 7 o'clock every morn. ing. Even tho best of men hive somo pornicious habits, Acorrespondent wishes to know whether Gen, Qariictd uses tobacco, , By asking him for achow some day, our constituent can onsily find ont. . Ladies will be delighted to learn that “Huttored frow’ is tho name of tho tnat now color. “Agitated bedbug" ought to bo reat lovely. “A londen crentor of oblivion,” Is what 9 New York reporter calisa bullet. It is ovident that Western Journalism is still a length or twa behind, 7 A party of Englishmen are to make a tour of this country next summer on bicycles. We aive timely notice, in order that ,ttfe shotguns | may bo In perfevt order. P . A Philadelphin hackman recently fell dead whilo driving bia vehiclo along one of tho prine elpalstrects, It luoks as though Remorse bad for once got in ite work. . Prof, Darwin Is aick, ‘Tho dytng reflections of aman who has spent the bost years of hfe trying to prove that lic ancesters wore nonkoys must bo oxcecdlnyly chéerful, : “Can a3-per-cent bontl be negotiated 2" In+ quires an ecatcemed contemporary In Peoria, Tanks having lost securities of this description shouid goud un officer to Ports at once, A Detroit paper sends ina copy of “The Michigan Almanne" for notice, Wo enn chocre futly rocommond anything In tho Hterary:iue that will tale the pluce of Detrolt papers. ' Of tho tlny Mette nnts, Ilow thoy clamber up our panta At tho plenic ‘noth tho wittows In the glonf. How they avom to tke delight in Tho obnoxtous sport of bitin’ Indofonsibte and modost yentieinen! + —-From John ielly's new tecture, One of our free-for-nll poets sends In am ablo alfort commenelng: In all tho Ind the wheat-fotds stand, Golden tivo und fale to seus Anil bending low tha rasnors 20, Swinging thelr eredies morrlly— All but upert—why not ho? Probably lupo fs In the next feld mating love to tho farmer's duughter. In wny event, bls abe sence from the plicu where work is belng done shows that this young man’s head ia not hilly. The London Timea sys that Str W, Arm strony & Co. havo lately produced a five-ton (ninety-five bundred-welght) gun that dis- charges a 120-pound projectile. with a velocity of 2,06t feat por scoond, which fsequal to 3,515 foot tons of atored-up anergy, or 740.3 foot tons per ton-welght of gun, If tho gentlemen will kindly Sgure out how far one of thoso useful toya will knovk the average citizen who comes up to suggest improvements in tho paper, Wo shut! be happy to open negotiations. When tho Boston matiten Isn't at-n lecture, + Ata lecturo, . On tho bloplastio theory of man, a ‘Theory of man, Sho will tako gomo lttlo trouble to correct your, ees 'To correct your, Cousin Fan, Cousin Fan, ‘When she tatks to you of Greeco-and modorn othics, Wostorn tondenoy to ilirt with Modern othics, And doctares that Socrates was rathor wild, Rather wild, You begin to. think that she a littlo fresh ts, Little froah is, Dragging scandals up ou which the yours are pitod, a Years ako piled, ——_— PUBLIC OPINION. Peorla (IL) Transevipt: As we look ati the billiard cue fsa more dangcrous weapon in tho hands of a boy than tho shotgun: By all means, snys the Cinclnnatl Enquirer, lotus havo two watch-dogs of tho Troasury— ono to watch the othor, And both will havo plonty to do, e Pittsburg Diapateh (Rep.): The frankness with which Truth admits that.tho Morey lotter ‘wasn forgery should now be emulated by tho Democratic papers which pronounsed the epls- tle ganulno. New York Sun (Lnd..): Mr. Cornell makes abottor Governor than was expected by all those who voted ‘ngninst him and by many of those who voted for him. . There {s no nonsense about bls mossago, ‘ Now York Mall, Dec, 81: It willbe elghty yeara to-morrow sitice the formal union of Iro- land and Groat Britain was colobrated with, great festivitics. Elghty years of union of oll and wator, or_rathor gunpowder and tire, Is lt not time to prociuim a divorco? “e : Butfalo Express (Rep.): ‘Ihe Increase of. population at the South during tho tan years” Inat past proves, what the North used to insist upon before the War, and the Bouth todeny— ~ namely: that the South would be more prosper= ous under freédom thanundor giavery, ~-" * . Milwaukee (Wis.) Republlean (Rep.): Tho reault of the inquirica mado throughout tho Btato shows that the 103 Republicans in tho two Houses of the Legisiature are divided on tho Senatorial question about as follows; Sawyer, 68; Keyos, 27; dark horse, 4; doubtful, W.. — Towa State Register (Rep): Thora is muok talk of Prof, Abornothy for State Supor- intendont af Publlo Instruction again, If it should be known that the gentleman would consent to hu acandidate, tho friends of popular education throughout the State would be great ly pleased, fi Now York Herald (Ind,): | Tho Senatorial vlootion is of nu real consequence to Mr. Conk- ‘ng, and yet tho Mopublican faction which 13 opposod to him treats it aa if his intluence in State politics could Lo destroyed by the.cloction ‘of a Sonator who bas not boen. ranked among his friends, x Gorhaw’s J Inspired” editorial in Wash- ington Reniflican: Wo say what we know whoo ‘Wo assure our rondors that If there shail in the futuro bo any but kindly relations botween Gon. Garflota and Sonator Conkling. it will be for somo cnuse which dacs not now exist, aad which neither now foresoos, Washington Post (Dem.): Mr, Blaine iso tan of ability and courage. As Scorotary of Stato ho would take somo heed of Amoricaa honor, ile would bulld up Anierlonn room: merce, Thy country will woleome Br, Bini tothe Stato Dopurtment and thunk Mr. Garfel for putting him thoro. Memphis vatanche (Progressive); It Is reasonably certain that when tho Democratic party is reorganized on tha basis of tha Ken= tucky resolutions of 1793, tho “old Whigs will 9 to the rear’ unbiddon, And when tho old Mies 9 out tho braing will be out of tho bene ovrutio party of to-dny, Little Rock (Ark.) Gazette (Den): It Is usoloss for Republican nowspapera to give tha South long-winded advice.ns to which course shu should pursuc. The South fanot in the bablt of aocopting advice fromstich sources. Its not natural fora person to follow the advice of & mun who has slandored his fymily, : Woman's Journal (BMan-Hater,): Miss Louise MoLaughlin, the disvoverer of painting under the gluzo on pottory, reullzing that urt, ko health, was treo ‘to all, told her process to othor artists, explninod it to reporters, and even wbilshod Kk givon directions. A man bus how taken her process and pitonted It) St, Paul Plonecr-Presa (Rop.): It is well enough as a plece of sentiment totalk about putting armies in the South to enforce tho con stitudonal guarantco for the equal rizhts of whites and binoks, but everybody knows that that policy way tried tu the utmost, tried til tha Ropublloan pacly nearly killed {taclé in the av teuipt, and that it proved a failure, Boston Heraid (Ind.): Mr, Grow would ba quite too conspicuous and, porbaps, troubles somo a Sonator to sult tho wan who found bins ‘self so much too thin when ba undertook to spread his Harrisburg methods oyer the Chicaxa Copvention. The thrones of the modern Rossod havo but ono seat, aud so Blossrs, Conkling and Catneron are looking out for somebody to elt on wfootsteol, - Alton (Hl) Telegraph (Rep.): ‘The Wash ington correapondont of tho New York Heraid. Says the proccss hy which Chalmers was counted in as Heproveatative from (ho Sixth Misalssipes ,