Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 11, 1880, Page 4

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Eixtecn Page Pauper . TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. ‘THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE has established branch fices for the receipt of subscriptions and advertise- zoents ns follows: {NEW YORK—Room 2 Tribune Building. F.T.Mc- #AapvEN, Manager. GLASGOW, Scotland—Allsn's American News “Agency. 31 Renfleld-st. LONDON, Eng.—American Exchange, 449 Btrand. Byny F. Gu.ic, ‘Arent SOCIETY MEETINGS. APOLLO COMMANDERY, NO. 1, KNIGHTS * @EMPLAR-Special Conclaves Tuesday afternoon, April I% J890.at 2:30 o'clock: also ‘Tuesday eve ‘April 18, 18U. at 7 o'clock. ‘The Order of the Templé Al ve conierred at cach Couclave. Members of Apollo must appear equipped. Visiting Sir Knights are always welcome. ‘fhe Monday und Friday night Srathl art. D ocduck: Be onder of ite Biminens Come 0: ati: o'clock. By order of the Com- man ELS TIFEANY, Hecorder. ler. FAIRVIEW CHAPTER, NO. 261, R. A, M.—Hall forner Thirty-seventh-st. und Cottage Grove-av.— ecular Convocation ‘S'hursday evening, April ‘15, 1850, ats o'clock. Work on the R.A Degree. Visiting Com- ppanions are always welcome. we gti. S TIFFANY, ME. EL PL MYEON DARUIS, $e fs COVENANT LODGE, No. 5% F. & A. M—Stated fommunication at Corinthian Hall, 1; East Kinzie-st. ‘Friday evening next, April li, at S o'clock, for impor- tant business. Alithe members are requested to be present. Visiting brethren are also cordially invited. By order of GEO. A. WAIT, W. BL. WM. KERR, Secretary. CORINTHIAN CHAPTEK, NO, @, R. A, M.—Stated ; Convocation Monday evening, April 12, for work on gis Hoval ang Select Masters’ (Connell) Dexrees. Vise g Companions are alwacs welcome. HOMEY MALCOM, M2 12. JOBN 0. DICKERSON, Secretary. LAFAYETTE CHAPTER, NO. 2, R.A. M—Tall G onroe-st—Special Convocsiion Mouday evening, j Gp at 7a o'clock. Workon P-and ME. Degrees. Cisiting companions invited. Br order of, Wat. K. FORSYTH, M. EHP. WAL J. BRY.AR, Secretary. LO, 0, F.—UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS, AT- : TENTION.—You are requested to meet for driti, at Lackey Drill Hall, 192 Wasbington-st., between Frank- din and Fifth-ar., Wednesday next ats pm. 2 A. G, LULL, Captain. WILEY M, EGAN CHAPTER 2% I. A. M.—Regu- ‘Jar Convocation Friday evening, April 16, at 8 o'clock. Object of mecting to take action on delinquent mem- Derm. Fullattendance requested. Per onder. = J. E, RANDALL, H. P. E. F. NEWELL, Secretary. LADY WASHINGTON CHAPTER, NO. 2, 0. E.8. will pive a Leap-Year Cnlico-Parzy at Parker's Hall, corner nisted and Mudison-sis, Taesday evening, April. By order of W. AL. ‘MUS. KATE CREED, Secretary. ORIENTAL LODGE, NO. 3, A. F. & A. M.—Reg- biar Communicition $ o'clock Friday evening, April 435, at Oriental Hall, 1 Jasalle-st., CHARLES CATLIN, Socretary. SUNDAY, APRIL 11, 1680. ‘Tue wife of the Mexican President, Diaz, A'GERMAN woman was brutally murdered and horribly mutilated by her demented son at Louisville yesterday. A DYNAMITE explosion at Downeyton, near Reading, Pa., killed two men and seriously injured twelve others. Recent frosts are reported to have seri- ously damaged the fruit-trees of Kentucky, and , @short cropisexpected. —* Tue Russian Government has decided to make the Island of Saghalien a penal colony. Some 200 convicts have already been sent to that place. GREAT destitution prevails in the neigh- ~dorhood of Van, Armenia, and appeals hare “been issued in behalf of the suffering in- habitants. Tue strikers in the Ohio coal regions have reome to terms with the mine-owners, and work ‘4s expected tobe resumed throughout the mines to-morrow. ; ‘Tur Iowa Greenback Convention to nomi- Snate State officers and to select delegates to the National Party Convention will meet at Des Moines May 19, \ Tue gale of yesterday has driven the ice ‘out of the routh passage of the Straits of ‘Mackinac. The great thoroughfare is now fully open to navigation. Tue Greeks, Bulgarians, and the Slavic peoples generally, are jubilant over the resultof the English elections. They expect that Glad- stone will let the “ Sick Man” (Turkey) die. * A FReEIGur vessel of the Anchor Line, “from New York to Bristol, loaded with wheat, collided with on unknown vessel yesterday morning, and was obliged to put back into port. AN amendment to the German Army bill “exempting clergymen from military service was Yesterday rejected by the German Reichstag. ‘They don't seem to regard clergymen as men of peace in Germany. Upwanps of one hundred vessels, laden ‘with over to million bushels of grain, were jeopardized in the ice that jammed the passages. of the Straits Friduy night. Luckily all but five ‘escaped scrious damage. PRESIDENT G has. summoned the French Cabinet to tuke into consideration the replies of the French Catholic Bishops to the demands made on them to observe the decrees, eguinst tho religious orders. A COMBINATION, consisting of Gen. Alex- ander, Mr. Victor Newcomb, and Mr. Wadley, ure said to have obtained control of the principal Southern railroads. If this istrae it bodes no good to the business interests of the South, meen Gov. Witr1au A. Howanp, of Dakota Territory, died at Washington yesterday morn- ing. His death is universally regretted by the people of Dakota, who regarded him as a most excellent Governor and 2 most estimable man. AMicwiean Congressman who has been visiting his State bus returned to Washington ‘and reports the Blaine feeling in that State as _ very strong. The belief now is that the Maine Scnator will be able to get a solid delegation from there. A Micnigan physician has been arrested on suspicion that he poisoned his wife. Her life was insured for $8,000, and the insurance com- pany scomsto think that the accused! doctor ‘would ratber have the money than that his wife should live. Tre Pennsylvania Democracy seems to be as hopelesir split up as the New York Democ- racy. The rivalry between Randall and Wallace 4s etronger than ever, and the hope of a recon- ciliation between these gentlemen isas far off asever. How those Democrats love each other! —_— GLADSTONE is the popular idol in England nowadays. The Londoners insist so enthusi- astieally in according bim a public reception that it Is believed’ he cannot very well refuse 0 THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, APRIL 11, 1880—TWENTY PAGES. about these times or to break.the glassin his windows. Any person who would dare to do £0 might have a few openings made in his head. Tue total vote cast for the Liberal candi- dates in England up to the present is 1,525,000, and for the Tories, 1,141,000. Ture steamship Leviathan, from Bordeaux, arrived in New York yesterday, having on board the Captain and seven of the crew of a bark bound from Darien to Hull, and loaded‘ with timber. .The bark sprung 6 leak and became waterlogged. Three men were washed over- board. OF seven delegates elected to thp Repub- lican State Convention yesterday from Clark | “and Jasper Counties all but two are for Blaine. This does not look so much like a Grant boom in Dllinois. The delegates from the same counties are instructed to yote for the renomination of Gor. Cullom. Ir remained for a colored man to make the best pedestrian record ever made. Hart, who won the O'Leary belt yesterday, scored 565 miles and 165 yards in his six days’ walk. This ig thirteen miles better than the record of “Blower” Brown, whose feat had hitherto been unsurpassed. A CAtrronsra. State Senator stated to his fellow-members that he was offered $1,000 on condition of voting for a certain bill. Tho mat- ter was brought before the body of which he is a member, and on refusing to divulge the name of the briber he has been turned over to the tender mercies of the Sergeant-at-Arms and de- prived of all rights as a Senator. pace | THE policy of the Democrats in Congress inreference to:the political riders to the Defi- ciency Appropriation bill is oneof silence. They leave the Republicans to do all the talking, and hope to be able to push the appropriation bill through in its present state. They will pay no attention to argument or reason, but experience has proved that a veto has a very excellenteffect on the Bourbons. One of those stormy scenes which only Democrats can get up occurred at Syracuse yes- terday over the selection of delegates to the Democratic State Convention of New York. The Tilden men had the organization in their hands, ana attempted to force delegates in favor of the old man of Gramercy Park on the Convention. This was stoutly resisted by the anti-Tilden mon. Afree fight anda perfect babel ensued, which only came toan end when the Tilden Chairman ‘was put out and the Tilden delegates withdrew. If the “exercises” yesterday are a sample of what are yet to come, Democratic Conventions will draw as large crowds as any fistic amuse- ment, ‘Tue Democratic Senatorial caucus yester- day, by a vote of 17 to 14, decided to postpone the consideration of the Kellogg-Spofford case till the 0thof April. It is highly probable that final action will not-be taken even at that date. The section of the Senate led by Sen Hill are quite anxious that it should be brought to a con- clusion at once, but are afraid that in the pres- ent temper of the most independent of the Democratic Senators it would be dangerous to ask for a vote to expel Kellogg. ‘There are sev- eral Senators, including David Davis, who regard the reopening of the case as unconstitutional and a bad precedent, and it is doubtful whether their less scrupulous colleagues can whip them into voting against their convictions. Mn, T. D. Suitrvay, the poet-editor of the Dublin Nation,jand another Parnellite candl- date were elected to Parliament from the County of Westmeath, Ireland, yesterday. The defeated candidate is an English Catholic nobie- man, son of the Duke of Manchester. They cipal streets, gravel for the cross-streets and alleys, and macadam or the Belgian pave- ment for the streets adjacent to the railroad depots and warehouses. But there should not be an inch of common ground Within the principal business district of the city without a pavement thatcan be kept clean and in repair. There will then besome use in sweeping and sprinkling the streets, and a few carts, horses, and men will serve to preserve the pavements and keep them in good order. So-called street-cleaning under the present conditions is a delusion and a mere waste of money. If it were a question. of imposing a huge tax upon the general community there might be some reason for the Council to hesitate and for the Mayor to withhold the sugges- tion. But ihe cost of the proposed improve- ment, as we have pointed out over and over again, will fall upon individual property- owners in amounts that will be trifling as compared with the values of their property and the benefits that will accrue to them. Rents are going up everywhere in the city. In almost every instance where a new lease has been made for next year within the dis- trict, described, the rent has been increased enough to pay for the proposed improve- ment. In the case of vacant lots the new system of pavements would bring them: into demand, and building and rental would soon follow. The entire work could be done and paid for without oppressing, or even embar- rassing, the owners of the property: within the described district. The improvement of the adjoining parts of the city would be: un- dertaken by the property-owners voluntarily and in their own interest. The new Council will soon convene. When Mayor Harrison shal! address it, the necessi- ty for a general system of street improve- ments should be the principal theme of his message. If he will take this matter in hand earnestly, we agree that it shall cease to be called “Time Trmvune’s plan,” and there- after be known as ‘‘Carter’s plan.” We are told that cleanliness is next to godliness; Chi- cago is a godly cémmunity—iet ts also be cleanly. THE NATIONAL MILITIA, The Committeeon Militia in the. House of Representatives have reported a bill to pro- vide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia of the United States. The bill en- acts that every able-bodied male citizen resi- dent within the respective States and Terri- tories, between the ages of 18 and 45, shall be enrolled in the militia, the enrollment to be made as may be required by the law of the State or Territory. The militia shall be di- vided into two classes, the active to be known, as the National Guard, and the inactive to be known as the Reserve Militia. The National Guard shall consist of such regularly uniformed and enlisted troops in the -several States as may be organized therein pursuant to the respective laws thereof; the term of enlistment not to be less than three years. In time of- peace the or- ganization of the ‘National Guard, the num- bers, rank, and duties of staff ofticers, organi- zation, and administration, shall be suph in each State as the Legislature may direct; when called into the service of. the United States the National Guard, if called out by regiments, may be organized by the Presi- don’t iike the English, whether Catholic or Protestant, in Ireland nowadays. Mr. A. M. Sullivan, former editor of the ation and brother of the present editor, was also elected yesterday from Louth County, and Mr. Edward Dwyer Gray, of the Dublin Freeman's Journal and present Lord Mayor of Dublin, -has boen elected in Carlow County, beating Mr. Kavan- agh, the ‘ablest member of the Tory landlord party in the Inte Parliament. Journalists seem 80 be in favor in Ircland, three members of the profession having been elected on the same day from there. Py Tne Burmese astrologers predicted that their country was about to be visited. by a terri- ble calamity, and the prevalence of small-pox in their midst wasa good basis on which to ground the predicnon. They also said that in order to propitiate the gods: that the calamity might be averted, 400 persons selected from all ranks should be offered as sacrifice. Abcut 100 foolish persons offered themselres for the sisughter voluntarily, and the Burmese author- ities set about selecting the other 300. Among the victims were some Burmese priests—an in- cident which was not bargained for—and some children .attending a Catholic convent. The King under whose instructions the victims for the slaughter-were selected is reported to have died since of the disease which he wished to check by the offer-of sacrifice. If his death could -purchase’a cessation of the epidemic it will have’ been cheaply bought. . * ‘THE proposition to establisha Home for Incurables in this city has now assumed a shape which promises success. A few earnest women have taken hold of it, and they only need now the codperation of the medical fraternity to bring the charity before the people in such a manner as to command all the necessary funds. A meeting was held last Thursday to further the cause, and another meeting has been called for next Thursday at 2 o'clock, in Methodist Church Block, to report progress. We are informed that the subject will be brought before the med- ical assqclations at their next meetings, and the active aid of the physicians will be secured. The promoters of this charity need not be ashamed of a small beginning; if properly established and honestly managed, it will rapid- ly grow-in proportions and usefulness, A small house may be rented to start with; it is the or- ganization of the charity which should be kept inview. Such an institution would be partially self-supporting, for there are incurable invalids with money of their own, or having friends that contribute to their support, who will avail themselves of the facilities, care, and attention that such an institution’ought to provide, Let the good work go bravely on. “CLEANLINESS NEXT TO GODLINESS.” People are beginning to talk about what they call “Te Trpuse’s plan for cleaning the streets.” We hope the wave of conversa- tion will extend to the City-Hall. Everybody except the Mayor and the Common Council seems to appreciate the importance of the subject. “Each week is divided into three days of ineyitable mud and three days of in- tolerable dust, giving one day, of high winds toconvert the former into the latter. The last three days of the week just closed have been devoted to dust. There has been no escape from it. In the offices, and the stores, and the homes, in going to and from business, in walking or riding, in thé centre of the city and in the suburbs, on the ground floor and in the Mansard, dust has been the prevailing element. ‘If this sort of thing shall continue muth longer, strangers will avoid Chicago, and residents will seek an escape to some more inhabitable part of the globe. “Tne Trouxe’s plan,” so called, is sim- ply to put Chicago’s streets in a condition in which cleaning and repairing will be prec- ticable. It isthe only plan that will afford relief. We have suggested that the district bounded by the lake, the river, and Twelfth street shall be provided with paved streets; nota strip of pavement here and there, with intersecting dirt roads and various degrees of decayed blocks on all sides, but a uniform system of paved théroughfares, paved cross- streets, and paved alleys. Every large city { in the world has been obliged to adopt this universal system of paving before it could secure clean streets, and Chicago cannot: be an exception. So long as the dirt is con- stantly dragged in from the unpaved streets and the dirty dileys,and distributed and re- distributed over the paved thoroughfares, the work of cleaning will be as futile and unsatisfactory as the task set for Sisyphus. It is not necessary, and’ perhaps not de- sirable, that all the streets.stiould be. pro- dentinto brigades, divisions, etc.,and he may designate the brigade and division com- manders. ‘They active militia to be trained under the system of tactics prescribed for the regular army.. Allexisting corps, infantry, cavalry, or artillery, which by any law have not been in- corporated with the militia, may be allowed to retain its privileges, subject to the duties required by law of other militia. Such corps may retain its independent organization. In time of peace each State complying with this law will be entitled to be furnished with small arms, field artillery, and harness, in- fantry, cavalry, and horse equipments, and service dress suflicient to arm and equip its active militia, with: ammunition, camp-equi- page, etc. The number of active militia to beso fur- nished shall not exceed 700 regularly-uni- formed: commissioned officers and enlisted men for each Representative in Congress from such State, all arms, ete., heretofore is- sued to be considered part of this ‘allowance, and to be accounted for. The cost of purchasing and manufacturing the arms, etc., for the active militia shall be annually estimated by the Secretary of War and presented to Congress. There is to be an Adjutant-General in each State to perform. the duties provided by State law, and who shall annually make full return to the Sec- retary of War concerning the active militia in such’ State, and an abstract of these re- turns shall bé annually laid before Congress. The service dress for the active militia shall be worn when called out for active service, and at any other time when so directed by. State law; but the full-dress uniform may be worn at other times, Eyery organization in the active militia shall go into camp of ‘instruction for at least five consecutive days in each year, meet for drill once a month, and have an‘annual inspection. An officer of the regular army shall attend such inspection and make re- Port thereon, and each State shall within one year provide and maintain at least ono Tifle range for rifle practice, and provide for instruction, therein. . The seventeenth section of the act provides for the following compe- tition: Sec. 17, That the Secretary of War fs author- ized to offer annually to the National Guard of each State and Territory (provided they number at least 70 men) a prize, not to excecd $100 in valué, for competition in rifle practice; aisa, to annually offer a prize of $1,000, to be shot for by a “tenm,” or detachments, from the National Guard of cach State and Territory, from each of the three divisions of the army, and from the navy, to be divided among the three “ teams” standing highest in such match, the terms and conditions of both matches to be prescribed by .the Secretary of War.” Each State team shail be certified to by the Adjutant-Gencralof its State, a8 consisting of its regularly enlisted and uni- formed National Guard, and transportation to and from said last-named match shall be fur- nished out of such appropriation to such a team and reserve, not to exceed fifteen in number, from each State, under such regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War. When any regiment, division, or brigade commander so applies, the Governor of any State may ask the Secretary of War to assign an oflicer from the active or retired list of the army to actas Adjutant of such regiment or of suen brigade or division.’ Officers so assigned shall be commissioned as oflicers of the National Guard. j The President may order the whole cr any part of the active militia of any State into the service of the United States fora term not exceeding twelve months, during war or an invasion by a foreign enemy or Indian tribe, or an insurrection or rebellion against the Constitution and laws of the United States, or on any occasion when the execu- tion of the laws may be obstructed by combi- nations too strong to be overcome by the civil authorities. This force when ordered into the service of the United States shall be subjected to the regulations of the army, and be allowed the same pay, rations, and emolu- ments as are allowed in the regular army, and in case of being killed their widows and children to have the same allowances as under like elreumstances-‘are allowed to representatives of the regular army. Oficers and enlisted men ordered into the service. of the United States who shall re- fuse to obey said order shall be tried for de- sertion and be subject ‘to the penalties: pro- vided Tor thatoffense., ..°:” Rita vided with the ‘same kind. of -payament. ‘The reserved militia shall not be liable or ould be rather dangerous for any = 5 a pave . t 5 9 acces oe | the ereat Liberal leader | Cedar blocks might be adopted -for the ‘prin- | subject to any military-duty-to the United pody of men to h States, except when called into service by | dried theologians who burned heretics at the some actof Congress passed for that pur- pose. stake; and if that cheerful mode of rebuking heresy existed now and was the approved - The President is to appointa Board to pre- | fashion, it is altogether probable that there pare a system of rules and regulations for the government of the active militia, to recom- mend a service dress for the force, and such other recommendations as to details as they may adopt. All existing laws on this sub- would be as many fagots blazing about the orthodox as about the evolutionists. On which account, it is a matter for congratulation that the differences be- tween the two-factions are only wordy, and that nothing more serious is likely to result | complex organisins. I am ready to admit ject are to be repealed. * This bill seems to be well considered and well designed to meet the great National want of a well organizéd and disciplined militia.. It is not an arbitary law. It leaves to each State the choice to have an organized militia or not. itis left optional with each State to form a State militia or not, but if there is to be a State militia it must be in ac- cordance with this law, 5 The Committee of Congress seems to have modeled the classification of the militia upon the law of this State, into an active and an inactive, or reserve, militia in each State. The whole number of active militia In time of peace in each State is not to exceed 700 officers and men for each Representative in Congress, which would give to this State at this time 13,800 militiamen of all ranks, and for all the States and Territories, 210,000. This organization will, be made practically a school for military inStruction, in which the course of instruction will extend through three years, and as much longer as the citizen may desire. This instruction will be under the practical direction of army officers detailed for that purpose. ‘The United States proposes under this bill to furnish the arms, uniforms, ammunition, and camp equipments, thus relieving the volunteers of the burden to which they are now subject. Its exactions of the time of the voluntecrs are trifling, but the discipline it establishes is just what a well organized militia would itself demand. The Dill in no- wise leads to any controversy between the State and National authorities; it follows j strictly and merely gives foree to the pro- visions of the Constitution which read: The Congress shall have power: To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress ‘insurrections,.and repel invusions. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining tho militia, and for xoverning such purt of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively the appointinent of the offl- cers, and authority of traiuing tho militia accord- ing to the discipline prescribed by Congress. ‘The bill reported by the Committee is one that has long been needed. The law of 1790 was adapted to a condition of circumstances which has long since passed away. Ii was never: executed, and for ninety years the country has had no militia law and no mili- tia. A few States have kept up asemblanco of a militia, but it has been a burlesque upon a military organization. It is time to havea proper Jaw and a proper militia. A Nation of 45,000,000 of people without a standing army can well afford to have a small por- tion of its people organized as an active thilitia. THE YALE COLLEGE CONTROVERSY. It strikes us that the fuss in Yale College over the use of Spencer’s Sociology as a text-book is a‘tempest ina teapot that can be easily alinyed. Lest some of our read- ers may be unfamiliar with the circum~- stances, we state them briefly. Prof. Sum- ner, occupying the Chair of Political and So- cial Science, has been using Herbert Spen- cer’s “Study of Sociology” as a text-book, moved thereto not alone by his own broad and liberal thought, but because there is no other work on sotial science, as he claims, which is available for use as a text-book. President Porter, who is a conservative in theology and thought, advised its disuse upon the ground that it was flippant and sneering, -and that its. theology—or, rather, | want of theology—was corrupting and dan- gerous in its. influences upon the students. The communication between the President and the Professor’ was polite and friendly, .but the Professor. firmly de- clined to cease using it, intimating that-if he was forced to do so-he should re- sign. As the book is only studied between January and Eiister, the issue has been dropped for the present, The book has not yet been excluded, though President Porter remains of the same opinion in regard to it. Should the issué be raised again next winter, it will unquestionably , go before the Board of Trustees for settlement, and, as eleven out of the nineteen Trustees are orthodox clergy- men, itis likely that President Porter will carry the day. All that has really been de- veloped, therefore, is the existence of two opposit tendencies of thought in the manage- ment ofthe College, the one conservative and the other liberal. In the correspondence which originally, passed in. regard to the matter, and in subsequent interviews, the characteristics of the two factions are clearly observable. ‘The liberals object to the ac- ceptance of “assertions which . rest -on faith alone with the same unquestioning as- sent which they would accord to the demon- strable truths of geometry.” The conserva- tives, on the other hand, contend that the book is offensively irreligious, that the Col- lege is a religious institution, and that they are responsible for the religious’ ideas and biases which students may have, and hence they must express their disapprobation “when the standing of the College is menaced, or its attitude towards Christianity is made ambiguous.” They believe that in- tellectual cuiture and moral feeling are close- ly related; and hence that the teaching at Yale, if not distinctly Christian, at least shall not be anti-Christian. As one of the conservative Professors stated in an inter- view: “Ican accept evolution as one of God’s methods, but I will not admit that dull force alone has transmuted primeval clay into scientific investigation in any department of the College; for if the:Christian religion can- not stand the light of’truth, then I shall con- clude that it is itself untrue. I have-no fear that God will not be able to take care of the faith He has established, and 1 fully expect that a returning wiive of calmer reason en- lightened by faith will sweep back the irre- ligious doctrines of .the evolutionists, the biologists, and the sociologists.” Meanwhile the liberals are not only sure that the doc- trines of evolution, biology, and sociology will not be swept away, but that they will sweep away orthodoxy, or, at least, that phase of orthodoxy which is supposed to dominate in Yale College. © Whatever else may happen, one thing is certain: in this controversy either theology or materialism, so far as they appertain to Yale College, will have to go to the wall. There cen be no compromise without a sac- Tifice of truth, or what is accepted as truth; and, though the ‘situation now looks peace- ful, when the issue breaks out again it will be desperately fought over. A theological bias is the most unrelenting ofall human conditions. Its demand is always uncondi- tidnal surrender. Its war cry is, “Believe as Ido or be damned.” It may be assumed, not only that it will not judge fairly of an alien belief, but that its prejudice alone will lead ft to declare the anathema’ mar- anatha, But jequally ‘those who have shaken off an -old ‘belief and adopted anew one, ate as iconoclastic, dogmatic, and antagonistic in theirassertion and practice as ever was Calvin or!Knox.. Modern science is by no means serene in its methods or slow in its assaults. Spencer, Tyndall, Darwin, Huxley, and‘all the pther Jeaders of modern thought -are as. bitter in their prejudices,.as unrelenting in their blows, and as dogmatic from them than a mutual declaration of falsity and the ultimate doom which awaits unbelief, which at least is a brutum fulmen. ‘The question, however, does not hinge upon the truth of President Porter’s convictions or of Prof. Sumner’s. We may assume that the former is a dogmatic, orthodox Christian. Unquestionably he is. We may edffally as- sume that Prof. Sumner is a dogmatic evolu- tionist and social scientist, and unquestiona- bly he is, for it ig not long since he informed a Chicago audience that they could not know as much about the subject on which he was lecturing as he. But thisis not apropos to the issue at all. If Yale Col- tege is a Christian college, then President Porter was correct in his position, and had the right to demand that a book which says “each system of dogmatic theology, with the sentiments that gather round it, becomes an impediment in the way of social science” should be excluded from the curriculum. If, on the other hand, Yale College is not a Christian college, but the fountain-head of liberal thought and science, then Prof. Sum- ner is right in his position; and the future of this controversy should be narrowed down to ascertaining the real religious’ complexion of the university. At the same time, the situation is not withoutits humorous side, for if there be any creature on earth who is not theological in tendency it isa Yale College student. If there be any creature on earth who holds the Mosaic cosmogony, the rationalistic ideas of cause and origin, or the genesis of social phenomena, as developed by Mr. Spencer, in sovereign contempt, ft is that same Yale Col- lege student. Even to assume that he could retain the Spencerian ideas in his cranium twenty-four hours after they had been crammed in implies an absence of the ordi- nary and ayerage mental limitations and the presence of an intellectual grasp not usually characteristic of students or of any one else save Mr. Spencer and Prof. Sumner. “KITCHEN-GARDEN.” Mission labor has long constituted a prom- inent feature of church effort. It originated in a desire to convert heathen nations to the Christian faith’ and theology. For this pur- pose large sums of money have been raised with which missionaries have been employed and sent to the uttermost parts of the globe to prosecute the holy work. The success of these enterprises has, on the whole, been but indifferent. The results are meagre, and altogether out of proportion to the devotion and courageous endurance of the apostles of the cause and to the magnitude of the sums of money expended. But there is never a loss without some gain. Out of the foreign- missions scheme has grown the home-mis- sions scheme. With the growth of the country, and the resultant concentration of populations in cities, there has developed an alarming increase of heathenism in the midst of the highest degree of civilization. In New York, for example, it is but a step from the abode of plenty, of every luxury, to the noisome tenement of the poor; and that which is true of the metropolis is true in greater or less degree of a hundred other cities. Hence a multitude of home missions and charitable institutions of a semi-educational and reformatory character, as the mission Sunday-schools, mission sewing-schools, mission industrial schools, half-orphan asylums, foundling homes, reformatories for inebriates, and the like. All these institu- tions reflect the general apprehension of danger to the public moral health, and rep- resent, each in its way, a more or less intelli- gent effort both to conserve the law of self- preservation and observe the Divine injunc- tion touching the poor. The latest development of home-mission work is found in the institution of the “kitchen-garden.” The system originated in 1876 in New York City, whenceit has extended, to nearly all the large cities of the country. A late issue of the New York Tribune con- tained a report of the Secretary of the Associn- tion of that city, which comprises all the shools, eleven in number, with pupils number- ing between five and six hundred, taught by seventy instructors. The report is very prosaic, but nevertheless abounds in’ inter- esting details. The kitchen-garden is pre- cisely what the name indicates,—a school of instruction in the rudiments of housckeep- ing. The pupils are usually drawn from the ranks of the poor, though a school is re- ferred to in Boston as composed of “little girls from lovely, refined homes.’ It does not appear from the data at hand whether there isa limit as to age governing admis- sion to the schools, but most of the pupils re- ferred to are quite young,—mere children. Qne school has two classes, one of which is described as the infant. class, the pupils of which are called “little sunbeams.” The mothers of these pupils are represented as telling ‘tvery amusing stories. of the little sunbeams - instructing others in housekeeping.” One class of pupils is spoken of as composed of children*‘ about @ years of age.” On the other hand, the members of classes of 1876 and 1877 are re- ferred to as “in places,” and from whose employers commendatory reports have been received. The parents of the pupils are said tobe deeply interested in the schools and very grateful to the volunteer teachers. One mother, watching the class, said she “wished she were a little girl so that she could learn too,” and another said ‘she was. glad some one was teaching the children these things, as the mothers did not them- selves know how to do it.” It is scarcely necessary to remark that neatness is the first injunction of the code of laws of the kitchen- garden; and, as cleanliness is next to godll- ness, and almost as contagious as its opposit, dirt, thé Conclusion is irresistible that every little pupil must carry back to her home something of the cleanly purity of theschool- Toom. : ‘Very few of the people of Chicago know, probably, that there is a “kitchen-garden” in this city. But it is true, nevertheless. In October last one was organized under the superintendency of Mrs. Sloan. Writing to the New York Association, she says: “The children show by their increased attention to cleanliness and politeness,.as well as eager- ness to learn, that they are getting much good.” Mrs. Sloan adds that “ she feels that there is no scheme of benevolence which will go further toward solving the much-vexed servant-girl question than the kitchen-garden classes.” We are moved to remark in this ‘connection—and we fecl no disposition to re- sist the temptation—that much of the oft- vaunted doubtless, from-ignorance of housekeeping duties on the part of the mistress. It is an axiom of : the skilled, is skillfully and honestly ‘served. - That which is true of mercharidising is equally true of housekeeping, But the truth or falsity of this theory does not -militate against the ‘kitchen-garden scheme. Its great possible value resis.'in its tendency to eleyate the poor,—-to improye their social and moral con- dition. It is more important far that the tene- “servant-girl trouble” springs, -experience’ that only mercantile practical merchant in their convictions as any of the old cut-and- | ments of the poor should be carefully washed and swept, and that their coarse and scanty fare should be well cooked, than that the Indy of the mansion should be well and intel- ligently served. The poor little girl taught | cleanliness, and thrift, and industry by gentle méthods at the kitehen-garden is strengthened for the battle of: life which she must wage against an accumulation of ad- yerse circumstances. First of all she lightens and cheers the old home by the ‘introduction ofa purer atmosphere. If it is her destiny to be a’servant she will be able to ren- der a better service, and so command better pay;'and if-itis her fortune to be married and bear children, she will bea better wife and mother. If this be true, tho kitchen~ garden is a new help to society and a fresh support to the State. > _ AFTER THE BATTLE IN ENGLAND. Nothing but the unprecedented majority which the English Liberals have gained in the recent elections could warrant the belief that they can long retain power under the present franchise. ‘The majority is composed of the most dissimilar elements,—Conserva- tive Liberals like Mr. Lowe and Mr. Walter, of the London Times; aristocratic Whigs like Earl Granville and the Marquis of Hart- ington; men who were intense Radicals in early life, but who have become more con~ servative with advancing years, such as John Bright, Vernon Aarcqurt, and Sir Charles W. Dilke; then there are Republicans, Social- Democrats,, Home-Rulers,—moderate an Parnellite,—ete. e Itis gratifying to note, however, that the Conservative Liberals © and’ aristocratic Whigs are by no means numerons, and that the party can not only carry measures with- out their aid, -but against them; that the Radical wing of the party has'been largely reinforced bynew men of great talents, and that the eccentric members of the partyin the late Parliament like Jenkins (Ginx’s Baby) and Dr. Keneally have been left out in the cold. Among the new members ara such men as Arthur Arnold, whose recent work on land-law reform has attracted much at- tention; Prof. Thorold Rogers, who lost his chair as Professor of Political Economy at Cambridge fur his too liberal theories; Mr. Assheton Dilke, brother of Sir Charles and proprietor of the London Dispatch; Prof. J. Boyd Kinnear, whose articles in the Fortnightly Review on the Irish land ques- tion may be said to have gone to the very root of the question: Prof. Boyce, and others. Sir Charles Dilke, and Peter Taylor, pro- prietor of the London World, will be rein- forced in their opposition to Royal grants by, in addition to several of those named, Brad- laugh the Socialist, and Labouchere the jour- nalist. The labor representatives, Burt and MacDonnell, will reeeive several accessions from the tenant-farmer candidateselected, and the Hon, Auberon Herbert will have at least one aristocratic Radical to keep him company, in the person of Lord Ramsey, who has been elected by the Irish vote in Liverpool. Sir Wilfred Lawson and thecold-water men will doubtless not be over glad to see a rein- forcement of the liquor element in the House. ‘Three members of the Bass family will have seatsin the Liberal benches, and Scotland sends two Majoribankses, members of the cel- ebrated brewing firm of Meux & Co., to the same side. Alsopp has gone down with his party in England; and Ireland, with perfect impartiality, retired Guinness, the Tory brewer, and Murphy, the Whig distiller. Mr. Parnell will come back to the House with about sixty-five followers instead of seven, and the character as well as number of the party: has been greatly improved. Composed mostly of young men of his own age, this may be called the party of enthusi- asm. The journalistic profession ‘is very largely represented; O’Donneil, Finnegan, and Sullivan of the Nation being. the. most distinguished members, while ‘the’ magazin- ists will be represented by O’Connor Power and Mr. McCoan, a contributor to Frazer's, and authors by the versatile and prolific Justin McCarthy, the slow but brilliant A. AL Sullivan, and the caustic O°Connor, biogra- pher of Lord Beaconsfield. The House will lose its witand fr. Parnell a stanch supporter in Major O’Gorman, the fattest and jolliest member of the last Parliament. The Tories must obtain another clown instead of Jemmy Lowther, unless'some older member might be induced to vacate his seat and let. the-young man in, On the whole, the personnel of the House has been greatly improved; the journalistic and literary element between whom and Mr. Gladstone there exists such strong sympathy will bo largely represented; the Jingo ele- ment.among the Liberals has been almost completely routed; the men of advanced ideas, ‘of broad and liberal principles, and of varied information have come to the front; and the discontented few like Lowe and Walter may retire to obseurity—or the Peer- age. The successful party at the elections will work a peaceablo ‘revolution in En- gland. The franchise will be extended so as to correspond nearly, if not entire- ly, with universal suffrage; representation for the future will be based on population, and seats will be distributed accordingly; a sweeping change in theLand laws of Great Britain and Ireland is inevitable; elective County Boards will supersede the aristocratic and abnormal Grand-Jury system, and En- gland will attend severely to her own busi- ness, and allow the Colonies to attend to theirs. AMERICAN GIRLS IN LITERATURE. The current issue of the Nation draws at- tention to the prominence which the Amer- ican girl has recently assuined as a heroine in the literature of fiction, and encourages further effort in the same direction. This suggestion proceeds upon the notion that the efforts that have been made thus far py Mr. Howells, Mr. James, the author of “An Earnest Trifler,” and other wmters, with the purpose of delineating the American girl have given us “individual portraits” which lack “the force of generalizations that might portray a national type.’ Thereupon the writet proceeds to generalize. upon certain traits,—-such as self-assertion, selt- consciousness, eagerness for information, and other conditions incident to the inde- pendence which the American girl enjoys and the influence upon her character which has been exerted by the peculiar facilities for education that have been opened up to her. ‘This theory is well enough for an essay, but it is not likely to be successfully worked out in fiction. Human nature has its variations in America as well as other coun- tries, and American girls are as diverse in their freedom as ‘English, French, or Ger- man girls under greater restraints. Every noyel-writer who takes an American girl for his heroine will draw either from his affected by the erent condi! mate, opportunities, and etna al spread over this vast country. ‘The Sonme girl, the New England girl, tho Sere ‘ girl, and the girl of the Far West are oe as distinct in their traits as if they wer many English, French, German, an@ Mid) girls. ‘They havea bond of union ince mon language and the influence Wi & American customs have impresseg eh them. They all feel secure in the hi and protection which are guaranteed ty 3 with their freedom, but -they me widely as possible in character, dispogg™ style of beauty, accomplishments, pie dencies. Daisy Miller, as drawn sans James, is.no more a type of the bd girl than one of Rhoda Broughton’ hero} isatype of the English girl. yr, Toe heroine in “The Lady of the ‘Arocha, might, with afew modifications, be an 2 glish, French, or German girl of character, plain associations, and noble ser rations. American peculiarities tare a grafted upon the heroine of a novel or Day, but they will be of one kind in one casa ai? of another in a different treatment, bal ican girls may be idealized or deformed ip literature, but the portrayal of a type is beyond the power of ANY singly writer. The accomplishments, fasoj aspirations, beauties, and perhaps eyen defects, of the American girls are too nm. merous and diverse to be limited to ANY ony type. American girls are’ too versatile fy their personal, physical, and inteleetnay traits to be photographed “by Any “ony camera, ; ———_——— >. ASTRONOMICAL i Chicago (Trracnz office), north latitude Steg, sem. 573.5 west longitude, 42m. 183. from Wag, ington, and 5h. 50m. 00s. from Greenwich, -- The subjoincd table shows the time of ey ting of the moon’s lower limb, and’ the omy time for lighting the first street-laump in eachey. cuit in this city, during the coming week, ordered sooner on account of bad weather: Aly E the following times for extinguishing the fing lamp: en oe, Day. Moon sets. ‘ght, April 1..... 9:053 p.m. P-m. ddan Heel Monday, . Pm 30am Tuesday Pm 8:0, Wednesd Pm. 3:50am Thursdu} o- Pm 3am Friday. Pm 33am ‘Saturday. D0p.m 3a § April 18. 0200 m. 3:0em, ‘The sun's upper limb rises Monday ath. 2m, -g-m. Souths at Om. 301s. p.m. Setsat sh. ain, p.m. : 3 ‘Tho sun’s upper limb rises Friday at 5:17 m. Souths at Uh. 59m. 36.93.a.m. Sets at & 424m. p.m. Sidereal time Taursday noon, 1h, Sim. Ote ‘The moon will be at her greatest distance from the carth about 1 o’clock Tuesday morning; mg} in her first quarter Suturday at 1:2 pm Se will pass very near to Mars Thursday but the’ planet will then be invisible. “Three of the plancts—Mereury, Venus; Jupiterare now oriental,—rising before the - sun.. They are very nearly together the caniing’ week. Mercury and Venus will bo conjoined. Wednesday night, Vonus and Jupiter Thurigy': evening, and Mercury and Jupiter. next Sumy" morning. At that time (about 5 o'clock) Mew cury will be only six-tenths of a degree ate nomically south from Jupiter, and Veuus om and a quarter degrees east from Jupiter, Ts EX giant planet will rise that. morning’ at 4:18 nearly an hourbefore the sun. A sharpeyemy} possibly detect Mercury néar him in the mon ing twilight. © a ae Mars will south Thursday at 4:33 p. m;, and etki aboute quarter of an hour after midnight Hates is north from Orion and near the stars in te fect of Gemini, but not very prominent, te barely equal in brightness to a star of thet magnitude. We note that Mars is now verymut| the place in which Uranus was first Herschel ninety-nine years ago. Saturn is near tho, sun, southing Thursby about 20 minutes before noon. * Uranus will south Thursday at Sb. opm ©: He is now very favorably situated for eer observation. He is a little more than half a d gree east, and @ little less than half a d north, from Rho Leonis. : The planctary conjunctions above facts of the morning, before sunrise, and theres! fore not favorable subjects of observation by} the majority of our readers. The’ planetary 85 pects in the evening are not particalarly ater Bes esting just now, except in the ense of Uranuss fics and he requires a rather large telescope for sy- thing beyond the bare fact of seeing that “tie ls there.” ‘The stars now visible in the early eve ing are, however, well worth notice: The Di alittle to the eastof north; the chair near! northern horizon; the Pleiudes and V of Tui in the west; Orion and Sirius in the south the Beehive cluster nearly overhead; thé of Leo alittle further east; and “Arcturus his sons” following up from the eastern qr f° ‘These are the best known groups. A very inte esting star, Algol, is low down in the nortawesh ‘ nearly half way between the Pleiades and, chair, and above it is the brilliant clusterintd sword hand of Perseus. i Ee Watt srreer has taken a “flyer” J opium,—one of the last things in the world f might be supposed, that anybody would ty.0 getup a corner in. The price has advanced from 4 or $4.50 2 pound to $6.50 or §i.: TM basis of the corner is an alleged short crop fig two successive yonrs in Turkey, from whichat principal supply is obtained. The prepstt opium for smoking comes from China, ast that tho duty is $6 per pound, and the total it & portation is but 6,226 pounds. The opium from Turkey pays but $1 duty, andthe importation of this during the last fiscal was 839,22 pounds. Opium. that-contalos let than 9 per centum of morphia cannot pass ti Custom-House; snd as Indian opiun does 3 contain this proportion, the only supply {ot medicinal purposes must come from Take The crop for 1877 and 1878 was about 5% to 6,000 cases of 150 pounds each; in 189 34 supply was reduced to 4,000 cases; and thisyes 1t is said, owing to unusually cold weathery dot more than 1,300 to 2,00 cases will be available Jf these estimates should prove to be came the Waill-street ‘specilators will have entirec trol of the market. tee —— CospLars7 is made that the Hotelkeerets of Chicago are putting up their mtes-and: Be paring to squéeze the public gencrally: the meeting of the Republican National; vention. Wedo not iknow that these charg are well founded. Investigation seems 19 sof that they are not. But it will be well far ti hotelkeepers as far-as possible to avoid the: pearance of evil. While it may be necessuy. @ crowd @ little in order to accommodate public, it is not and cannot be desirable to rail the rates in i single instance. Chicago ousdt¥ bea favorit bits for conventions; and 1% be extremely short-sighted for any set of MB who hav the truo Interests of the city at heat} to act this year without reference to the funn Delegates to the Convention should go am) from Chicago’so well sutistied that they "i! fea wich to come back to other conventions 00% - Sosre’ movement nas been made ine Eighteenth Ward toward contesting the set Mr. Burley, Republican Alderman-elect” 70 & alloged ground of tho contest is that cera § Aldermanic tickets put into the town box We § counted. It is not known whether a msloritr these tickets wero for Burley or Geohea but, as the precinct in which they were heavily Democratio, the latter would suffer having it thrown out. ‘The contest pra will not come to anything; but, if it does, the Republicans have developments to maxe: It EY. gard to another precinct that will surprisé ‘tf: imagination or his personal observation, In the latter case the characteristics. will con- stitute a portraiture of a composit model, In the former - there will be an ideal- ization or an exaggeration -which, with modifications, might reflect with equal truth the girls of other countries. An American’ girl is, easily recognized on the Continent of Europe, but so is the English girl traveling in this country. There ‘are distinguishing characteristics of dress, manner, and style that denote nativity and associations, but these are minor accessories in literature.” The broad freedom that is given to the American girls has undoubtedly developed a spirit of independence, a certain sense of self-reliance, and an aspiration for “improvement; but these traits are variously of Geohegan’s friends. : a i West Porsr has the largest interestin efforts to get at the truth about tho Whtpee outrage, and punish the perpetrators of Ih. 7 country ‘is neatly ont of patience’ with: Wi Point, a8 was shown by the remarks of Lad cratic and Republican Senators, Friday. ‘ctor I moment it takes the form of an aristocrat) stitution or diseriminutes between citltee the Republic on account of race or color; "Py Point will be doomed. : ———— a A NoraBLe musical family gathered. 5 ‘Woodstock, Vt, at the golden wedding of 6,8 Orsen Perkins and his wife, Monday, APF ‘The children of this venerable couple are; W.0. Perkins, of Boston, the conductor of: a sical festivals and'composer of music: Prot! 8. Perkins, of Chicago, a composer of Sf re musio; H. If. Perkins, who is Iiving at homia &™.