Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 4, 1880, Page 17

THE CHICAGO TRIBU : SUNDAY,’ APRIL 4, 1880—TWENTY PAGES. RELIGIOUS. a tery of Life as Shown the Relation of - Mind to Brain. ea entific Analysis of the Sol- 4 ee erek by Dr. Col- derwood. pene ee: d Is Dependent on Bo ae tin Phenomena of Thought. ieee Works of Thomas Aquinas a Text- Book in Jesuit Schools and Colleges. Se of the Puritan Sabbath on En- ‘gish Law and Usage—Some Curious Facts. —— ral Notes, Personals, Humor- ous Piety, Services To-Day. the Mys in Gene! ‘ LIFE. it thy substance Love? ‘and Image of the Great Divine, Lie onstitute ‘a Man, formed from above, atte retiex of Infinite Love. and Wisdom, impelled by. thee, O Life! Teron’ k their affinities in Order's Lats rue by the faculties Of the Y derstanding: qualities see ane oront, and full of lie. Ror shall thy Instre cease at last to shines. Nor thy’ es die in the ashes low; yer yea hen ‘blood shall cease to flow; x faded lle thy Powers of Love Divine:— " breath For cv'ry strugeic in the latest x Ia but progressive Life and death ee Peat he essential principle of Being—the very ying self-eticient Force or Cause. Sates te MIND AND BRAIN. Ay ABLE ANALYSIS OF THE MYSTERIES OF = Zondon Spectator, March 6. ‘Those researches into the brain and nerv- ons system, which have been prosecuted with the utmost energy, and with no small ‘measure of success, during the present cent- ury, naturally suggested renewed discussion cof the question how thinking is related to that organic apparatus with which it is, somehow or. other, associated. From the daysof Hume, and earlier, the Scotch have taken creditable interest In the Philosophical problem of tracking . the subtle and mysteri- ous tine where matter ends and mind be- gins; anditwas time that the most meta- physical of British Universities should give us something fresh upon the subject. Dr. Calderwood goesover the ground with pa- tient industry, with exemplary care, com- prehensively, candidly. He tells us—nay, by asuteession of very useful illustrations, he Jets ussee—what the anatomists and phys- fologists have been doing in this most diffi- cultand most interesting province of scien- tific exploration, Torner, Quain, Wagner, Maudsley, Ferrier, Carpenter, Huxley, are put under contribution, and he is’ equally conversant with the comments made upon the results of their investigations by such writers as G. H. Lewes and Prof. Bain. ‘When he has shown us all, however, that the indefatigable anatomists and physiologists of an.age whe the enthusiasm of science is athousandtimes more widely diffused, and even more impassioned, than the enthusiasm of poétry, have been able to accomplish in the way of explaining the tie between con- sclousness and matter, we are constrained to confess that it recalls to us Voltaire’s sum- mary of the metaphysical discoveries of the sages of all times,—Trés peu de chose. Spots have been marked on this lobe of the brain and on that which, when electrically stim- ulated, produce twichings ofthelimbs. Other lobes of the brain have been distinguished— the frontal and the occiptal—which do not respond to the electrode. Fine threads of white or gray matter have been traced from eye, and ear, and nostril to the brain, and it ‘has been shown that, when these fine threads are cut, the eye no longer sees, the edr no longer hears, the nostrils no longer smell. Some of the fine threads in question have been vroved to carry. messages ‘in from the finger-tips or toe-surfaces to the nerye-centre; some of them have been proved to carry messages out from nerve-céntre to toe and finger,—the former have been called. sensory-nerves, and the latter motornerves. We know how the gray matter and the white matter are placed inrelation to each other under the panoply of theskull. We are familiar with the cere- brum and the cerebellum, the corpus callo- sum and the medulla oblongata; we can ‘trace the fissure of Rolando, the Sylvian fis- Sure, and a variety of sutures and convolu- pereeento doubt, is much. All honor ‘Xplorers of th ii Mango Parks and 1 coed rig ue tee Africa, But when ‘we have heard Popnole, we are bound to confess, with ae f. Tyndall, that for us, as for our fathers, en Speculative Philosophy began, 3,000 igs eran ne bassane iy the abyties of sjouamiess is unthinkaber dee of cote tortifying to the self-conceit i humbling tothe pride of science, tokeugw? dist ifficulty tu question, on which the iplined observation of generations has unable to shed one ray of light, can -be pbbreclated by an intelligent boy, and must pio Presented itself in the earliest dawn of Pillosophy. Take the phenomenon—few, Phys , are more rudimentary—which we cali by rig bain. Every one knows what that waite and yet the most acute philosopher Tres, Puzzled if he attempts to take the ex- Filion to pieces, and to assign a definit and pain, Cee toit. What idea have we of solute] cept as a state of consciousness? Ab- ness hytOne. It is exclusively in conscious- feet ‘We become aware ‘of ain, ‘as sut- from ‘By ourselvéS; it is solely by inference ical iat is of consciousness, sympathet- fact {pterbreted, that we aflirm pain to be a ot a our fellow-men and the animals. Out ira nsclousness, is out of pain. ‘That tha 2 versal rule. We absolutely cannot ness, af Inaiter feeling apart from conscious. ‘7° then, the expression “physical pas, ho meaning? Tt were rash to answer i local affirmative, In the first place, we Wean, bain in vations part of ‘the body. an not more certainly conscious of pain throa eare that the pain is in our ear, our plata Oat purann. ‘This localization is EP aulferings which weeanset oot oe hess or & friend is not placed by conscious. Bear daha bf on by fplousy into the exes. We ene eas when definit and intelligible meant Then we say that toothache ie ag oe Banta 2Ot, 2 physical pain.’ Gut when it ed why and in what manner molecules, fect us“, famnot conceive as conscious, af. ile’, With conscious agony, our reply is cutee We can no more imagine one mole: Pain, sufferin pain than a stone suffering Dain’ ‘than plurality of molecules sufferin; & partion Dea of stories suffering pain, oF mol cular arrangement and or; ization f ba ness suffering pain than a hurdy- urd So far under its own cruel music. eurey. experiment afford: ithe fase its Seetns to negative: the santancs d nen a finger is put into low jput Of a candle, the pain does not fol. the inan indivisible moment of time. Were i cut away by a cannon- fame gel after the finger had touched the the tnt had. not been time to send on the Brats of the burning by the nerve to be telt a? a Paln in the finger would never own ey ; iis accounts for the well- gh that gun-shot wounds are pain- instant when the ball enters, A pI whit it is—must take place in centre, that is to say, in the brain, before the pain is felt. Dut it ts never felt except in the tinger.. The brain itself does not feel. And yet, are we not bound to admit that the pain cannot be in the molecules of the finger, since these molecules are acted on by the flame or the shot without one twinge of pain, until the message has been trans- mitted to the nerve-centre? Do we not seem to be shut up to the conclusion that the pain is solely in consciousness, that mat- ter is exclusively an instrument in the case, and that the real cause of the pain is the qual- ity or nature of the awakening of conscious- ness? We are as far, however, as before from an answer tothe question how a dis- turbance smong molecules can awaken a ainfnl consciousness. Nor is the difliculty Rssenea by the fact that consciousness can frustrate molecular action. In circumstances of great excitement, as in the tumult of bat- tle, when the attention is absorbed in fight- ing, and there is not enough brain-energy left to do what we have called the registra- tion, wounds are received without any expe- rience of pain. The physical impact could not awaken the consciousness, So much for the mere fact of pain. How mind and matter -are concerned in it is a mystery too deep for all our physicists and all our spiritists to probe. But pain is, per- haps, the simplest of the cases in which mind and matter operate, or combine, in a common re- sult. It the materialist fails to lay his grasp on anything like proof that molecules can feel pain, how strong is the probability that he will’ fail to prove thought, imagina- tion, reverence, wonder, invention, to be af- fairs of molecula: condition or arrangement! Accordingly, we need be surprised to find Dr. Calderwood setting in array against the ymaterialst a multitude of objections to the lypothesis that even the initial operations of thought can be performed by nerve-cells or by nerve-fibre. Accepting from Prof. Bain the position that “discrimination is the very beginning of our intellectual life,” and con- ceding to physiologists all they can pretend to make good in relation to nerve-fibre, he points out that, in merely touching succes- sively, with the fore-finger, “‘a sheet of note- paper, a table-cloth, and an. have discrimination of sens: no material apparatus exists for the co- performance of this discrimination. “While sensation is only a_ particu- lar and single experience, in accord- ance with the singleness of nerve-action on which it depends, consciousness distin- guishes one sensation from another,—an e: ercise for which we have no provision in nerve-action.” ‘The facts carry us quite beyond mechanical contrivance, inasmuch asone thing not only follows another, but, one thing is compared with another; that is, there is not only one thing distinct from another, but one thing is distinguished from another.” Does the materialist allege that the successive sensations are analogous to electric shocks? He is asked whether one electric shock has the capacity of comparing itself with another. Does he insist that the successive sensations leave indentations in the sensory cell? The reply is that even if this were proved—and we need scarcely say that ‘there is not a shadow of evidence that the indentations exist—there is no form of inscription known or conceivable, in which each word is its own grammatical critic and interpreter, discriminating itself from the word going before and the word coming after, and connecting itself with both. If molecules are thus shown to be incapable of the simplest operations in which thinkin takes its rise, it may be imagined with whai ease and conclusiveness Dr. Calderwood suc- ceeds in showing that molecules cannot ra- tionally be credited or debited with all that the mind of man has achieved in morality, re- ligion, science, literature, and art. Shail we say, then, that the victory of the believer in spirig the advocate of mind, the immaterialist, or whatever else we may call him, over the materialist is complete? Shall we, with Dr. Calderwood, lay down the prop osition as really too plain for dispute, that “mind is a superior order of existence. ver- forming work unapproachable under the Jaws of -nerve-action,” and that “the of the rational nature is in the forms of activ- ity which are pectliar to it??-. Shall we decide that mind is the man, and that mat- ter, in bone and muscle, in brain and nerve, is but the organ of spirit? It seems not un- reasonable to answer yes. For the distinct- ive position of materialism, that matter takes the initiative in willing, thinking, feeling, or acting, there is not a trace of evidence. ‘No doubt it is possible for the materialist to maintain that evidence in its support may one day be forthcoming, and that research in the region of the brain has unveiled an un- occupied territory, in which the evidence wanted may sooner or later be found. “A central governing power” is generally ad-, mitted to have soine special connection with the frontal lobes of the cerebruin. Remove these lobes, the animal, previously alert and energetic, becomes apathetic. Its power of Salt has vanished, These lobes do not re- spond, as‘do the lobes connected with the movements of the limbs, to electric stimula- tion. It is, therefore, certain that neither dynamically nor instrumentally is dee ie inmateriality clearly implied tricity the organ of - thought. piaterialist suggests that ‘beyond the range of sori-motor activity, there are still other correlated cells and fibres by the action of which thought and volition are induced.” But this is a purely hypothet- ical notion, and cannot stand for’ one mo- ment against the clear consciousness of will as aspiritual agent. Even if the intellectual- volitional or volitional-intellectual fibres and cells dreamed of by the materialist were dis- covered, he might be challenged’ to prove that they acted dynamically, not instrument- ally,—that they gave orders to the spirit, in- stead of taking orders from it. Let us not, however, proclaim too jubifant- ly the sovereignty of mind over matter. That sovereignty is of a strangely qualified, limit- ed, perplexing kind. If we put out of con- sideration, for argument’s sake, the proof— sound or fallacious—that extra-human exist- ences of a spiritual order act, or have acted, directly on thesoul, there is no particle o: evidence that mind can act onemind, except by means of matter. The materialist may alleze that he, at_least, sees, feels, touches matter, and may challenge the immaterialist to say whether he eversaw or touched aspirit, Nay, he may reduce his opponent to painful straits, by simply insisting upon an articu- late statement as to what spiritis. The immaterialist must have recourse to a series of negatives, suggested by particular aspects or properties of matter. ‘Spirit is not tangi- ble, is not_ponderable, is not colored, is not extended. the the primal fount, then, of all the energy in the Universe to be de- seribed only, the materialist may ask, by an amplified confession that it is not describa- ble? The immaterialist is forced to lay hands on the matter he has been spurning, and to turn spirit into something which, though inconceivable, may yet be spoken about, by arraying it in the iunaery of mat- ter. Though mind is not extended, he says that it collects itself; though it is imponder- able, he says that it is light or heavy; though it is without color, he says that it is brilliant or sombre; though it has no dimensions, he calls it profound or shallow, high or low, cold or fot, tranquil or volcanic. "It is easy to prove, against Prof. Bain, that there ean be no such thing as a mental side anda physical side of the same phenomenon, inasmuch: as a physical side can always be measured, whether in inches or the mill ionth-parts of inches, whereas it is impossi- ble to attach anything like sense_or meaning to such an expression as half an inch of feel- ing or a yard of the spiritual power by which we solve a problem of Euclid. But it is quite impossible to find any description of a mental phenomenon that shall not be liable to the Same vobjection—namely: that it denotes by material imagery what can be known only by its comprehensive negation of all material qualities. Nor is this the worst, We might be con- tent to sveak of mind in terms borrowed from matter, if we could be sure of exempt- ing mind, as © actual liying entity, from Yondage to matter. But how is this to be cone? Dr. Caiderwood does not doubt that, though the physiological exhibition of the proof is very far from complete, proof is pos- sible that every mental. state is assocuuted with some corresponding molecular state. The mind can control the body to a maryel- ous .extent, but the strongest mind in the species would snccumb to a half-a-gallon of whisky or a pint of hemloc! nice. Dr. Calderwood tells us of a clergyman who became morally scandalous, was subjected to ecclesiastical discipline, and ended in an asylum. After death his brain was found to have been wasting, the membrane ad- hered to the gray matter, and the blood-ves- sels were like quills. ‘He mentions another case of a man who was misanthropic, queer, morosely solitary.: This disagreeable person had his head accidentally broken. A lot of brain protrnded and sloughed off. On re- gaining his health he was cheerful and so- ciable. married a wife, and lived, we pre- sume, happily ever after. No doubt is suz- gested by Dr. Calderwood as to the physical explanation of both these cases, and-who will and reason in chaotic disorder, and many a man has dreaded the moment when, from ical mala the atmosphere would envelop him, and will, with durning | in- Kill his neighbor or him- therefore, we have a right to the brain and the body in general -are but the organ_ot mind,- we must admit that the way in which mind and its organ are connected is something sul generis, something unique, something un- thinkable. There’ is no other instance known in which the state of the organ or in- strument imparts itself to the power using the organ. The telegraphic wires may be out of order, but that affects only their ca- pacity to carry dispatches, not the power of the telegraphist to send them. An inflamed brain maddens a man. On the whole, how- ever, Dr..Calderwood seems to us to make good his position ‘ that man possessesa high- er order of life than the physical, yet_in tire harmony with his pliysical organism, and so governing it that the two constitute a anity ot being.” If abnormal states of mind and body, such as those produced by intox- ication and diseaso, are Jeft out of ‘account, this will ta far to explain the phenomena presented by the union of mind and body. *“ Tho Relations of Mind and Brain.” By Hen- ry Calderwood, LL.D., Professor of Moral Phi- losophy, University ‘of Edinburg. London: Macmillan & Co. 1870. THOMAS AQUINAS. THE FATHER’S WORKS A TEXT-BOOK AMONG THE JESUITS. ‘To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune. CricaGo, April 1.—I beg leave to insert in yourpapera few remarks upon the article which appeared in your last Sunday’s issue, written by Prof, Blackburn, taken from the Advance. He says: “Sixty years ago Hallam thought that only four or five Englishmen valued the fellowship of Thomas Aquinas and read much of his huge folios. In 1835 Wadding- ton said that the tomes of Aquinas, once read with such avidity, are now confined‘to the shelves of afew profound students, whence they will never again descend. . . . ‘The Jesuits are ordered (by the present Pope) to Jay aside their text-books and casuistries for the system of the medieval St. Thomas. They would find him to be more profitable company than_ their Molina, Suarez, and Peter Dens.” So much of Prof, Blackburn, Iam very much astonished at the Pro- fessor for being so ignorant of ,certain facts connected with the teaching ot St. Thomas’ doctrine, and atthe xame time for making assertions so very broad and sweeping. Mad Mr. Hallam and Mr. Waddington taken the trouble of stepping into a Jesuit college or seminary, they would have heard the ex- planation of St.Thomas every day in the week; aud had Prof. Blackburn ever asked of a Jesuit what system of theology is taught in the Jesuit colleges or schools, he would have been informed that it was that of St. Thomas. I think that the Institute of the Jesuits is very seldom read. Will the Profes- sor allow me to quote a few lines from that strange work, ‘Institutum Societatis Jesu”? A decree of the Fifth Congregation held un- der Clement VIT., 1595 and 1594, says: “ Our Professors of Scholastic Theology should follow the doctrine of St. Thomas, and no one shall be promoted to achair of Theology unless he is a follower of St, Thomas, and any one not weli-disposed towards this great author, or teaching a different doctrine, wust be removed from the office of teaching.” The rule to be observed by every provincial Su- perior insists upon this same order. The rules laid down for the Professor of Theol- ory oblige him to defend the teachings of St. Thoinas, and even on those who,study pri- vately it is enjoined to “ follow most care- fully whatever is laid down in the Institute about the doctrine of St. Thomas,” It is very strange, then, that 1 Professor should inform. the world at large that the Jesuits “are ordered to lay aside their text- books for the system of the medieval St. Thomas”; and the bold assertion is so much the more astonishing when’ the Professor tells us that Pope Leo XIII orders the Jesuits todo so. This looks very much like it. Professor, listen: Pope Leo addressed a brief to two Jesuit Fathers teaching theology in Woodstock, Md. One of these has been lately called to Rome by Leo XUI. to teach theology in the Roman College. The Pope had received a copy of their lectures on De Deo Creante,” “ De Gratia Christi,” and “De Re Sactamentiria ” and in return he an- swers: “It is of the highest importance, in these times especially, that the clergy be deeply imbued with sound and solid doc- trine. This result will certainly be attained if, as-we have: learned to our. great joy, the doctrine of St. Thomag flourish in “your schools. This is eminently becoming in| men upon whom it has been enjoined (referring to the Institute of the Society of Jesus) ‘to follow by all means, in Scholastic Theology, the doctrine of St. Thomas, to hold him as their own master, and to do all in their power to make him highly esteemed by their pupils.’ Therefore, the obligation of your rule, the intention an commands of your father and founder, St. Ignatius, the decrees of your Congregations, and the wishes and exhortations of this Holy Apostolic See, which has approved this doc- trine with marks of special favor, should fill you with courage to carry out so glorious a work, Nordo we doubt that, by following faithfully in the footsteps of so great a Doc- tor, you wi]! reap the happiest and richest fruits for r@igion and the salvation of souls. From your schools the Church of God ex- pects to‘receive soldiers most strenuous in eombating error, and in defdnding the cause of'Catholie truth.” ‘Might not the Professor have learned from this bricf also the: true motives of the Pope in exhorting all to follow faithfully in the footsteps of the Angélic Doctor? | The Professor mentions the Jesuits Molina and Suarez. 1 wish toinform him (for he has never studied these great authors) that there were never greater adinirers or follow- ers of St, Thomas than Molina and Suarez, Neither does the Professor know that whilst St. Augustine is styled ‘Father of Grace,” Suarez, his great interpreter, is called “Theologian of Grace.” As to Peter Dens, why it isnews to hear that he was a Jesuit, and I believe that very few, if any, Jesuits follow Peter Dens. “Protestants are quite surprised,” says the Professor, ‘by the Pope’s late encyclical.” I can tell him thatthe Jesuits are not, but that they are very glad, nay proud of it, “Tas he [the Pope] been reading,” con- tinues the Professur, “‘Pascal’s Provincial Letters with some conviction?” Yes, Pro- fessor, and that is the reason why he did send a brief to the Jesuits, praising them for teaching faithfully the doctrine of St. Thomas, “What can be the motive of the Pope? Is it to resist the science and skeptical philoso- phies of our day? ‘Thomas might encourage a scientific spirit, if not rouse a skeptical in- quiry, for he was not less a philosopher than a theologian. Perhaps,” surmises the Pro- fessor, “the motive is to lead_Romanism from the Jesuit Theology and Ethics toa system framed by an admirer of St. Agus- tine.” But how can this be, as_ it happens that the Jesuit Theology and Ethics are ex- actly word for word taken from St.Thomas ? Ithink Pope Leo is a little wiser than the Professoz, and would not praise the Jesuits for theif teaching the Theology of St. Thomas,—and then Jead the “ Romanists ” from the teachings of the Jesuits to those of St. Thomas. If the Professor desires to know what can be the motive of the Pope he “needs not wait for another refreshing letter,” for I can inform him thai as is evident from the __encyeli itself, but which has not refreshed the Professor,—the Pope desires to revive solid education. deep theological, philosoph- ical, and scientific research, aud, as the doc- trine of St, Thomas is calculated to effect these great desiderata, so much neglected in our age, he exhorts the clergy to study St. Thomas, ari praises the Jesuits following him so closely in their teach ‘Yes, Professor, St. Thomas and his doc- trine, and those that teach it, will encourage a scientific spirit, very much needed in our ‘day, fora good theologian must bea good Dl Hiosophery and a good philosopher only is able to be a scientific man. When the Professor tells us that the “Sumina Divi Thomae ” was laid beside the Bible, on the desk at the Council of ‘Trent, as the orthodox solvent of all disputed ques- tions, I wowd ask him, Who laid it there if not a Jesuit, the learned Father Laijnez? Iwill not stop to, refute the erroneous as- sertions of the Professor when he states that “Transubstantiation, seven Sacraments, merit of good works,suporerogation,ete., have no real foundation in Divine Seripture,”—and that these doctrines received their required support from the ingenious Doctor. But I am very much arvused, when hesays: “ If the Pope’s design is 10 strengthen these dogmas by the authority of Thomas-Aquinas, he con- fesses that nothing has been gained for then during six centuries; that they are in peril; and that Papal infallibility is not sufficient in their behalf. + df the Pope means to favor this ‘clossification (placing Ausustin- ians, Thomists, or Dominicans and.Calvinists on the sume level), Calvinists will be pleased, for. he may come forth a Jansenist, and ‘Arminians will not regret to find him ar- yayed. against the Jesuits.” Professor, fet me tell you that the Pope intends neither of etowing ph of madness he would tensity, to self. While, say that , and stan le of your tpesey Wi! very incomplete, The dog- mas of the Church need the support of no Cc sn, but they need men of deep minds, such a Sé Thomas, to de clearly explained and laced before the Catholic mind, and as St. Phomas did explain them clearly, therefore did Pope Leo, as so many had done before him, encourage and advise the study of St. nas. ThoMP alt events,” says the Professor, “it may be made clear that Romanism has pat- ties and schools in theology as diverse as are the sects of Protestantism.” This is another strange conclusion. In the Catholic Chureh, or in Romanism, as the Professor calls it, all without exception believe in all the dogmas and in whatever has been defined by the Church. But in many points, whether theo- logical or Bhilosgpitical, not decided by the authority of the Church, and even in the ex- planation of dogmatic points, there are many opinions; and because Pope Leo wishes the Catholic theologian and philosopher to fol- Tow the Angelic Dr. St. Thomas, it foliows, at least in the mind of Prof. Blackburn, that it may be made clear that Romanism has par- ties and schools as diverse in theology as are the sects of Protestantism. This [ cannot ee. ha But the most astonishiyy revelation made by the Professor is this: ‘Thomas held that reason may be freq and still not opposed to faith,” and then he, gives the Church a piece of advice: “The Roman Church would be vastly profited by 4 right use of reason and of private judgment.”’ I never heard of any philosopher who deserved the name, es- pecially a Catholic philosopher, who did not hold that reason was free, hay infallible in itsown sphere; but I have heard of, the Catholic condemnation of ,the proposition that “reason is essentially fallible.’ Per- haps this last may give the Professor some information about! private judgment. I would say that the Cathotic uses his private udgment more than any one else, but when ie goes over to the supernatural he admits that he needs a guide, And this guidance is also very useful even in natural things. One more word and Ihave done. I hope the Professor will listen to the encyclical of Pope Leo, and, as 2 Protestant, to use his awn words, do ice to Aquinas, by care- fully studying 1h work, and I can tell him that he will never again write such an arti-_ cle. i Je THE PURITAN SABBATH. ITS HISTORY 1N ENGLISH LAW AND USAGE. Soringfleld Republican, Through’ the early centuries of English history there seems fo have,been little or no legal difference in the days of the week. Parliament sat on Sunday, for in 1278 and 1805 three statutes were made on the day, and up to 1670 any act done on Sunday, ex- ceptin proceedings of courts, was of the same binding force asif doneon any other day. Nor did the early restraining laws make any distinction between Sundays and other holy days. Thus the statute of 25 Ed- ward ILL, cap. 14, the first English Sunday Jaw of which we have knowledge, says: “ Shewing of wools (by merchants) shall be made at the staple every day.in the week ex- cept the Sunday and solemn feasts of the year.” There was no further legislation upon the subject for nearly 100 years, but in Hus an act was passed (27 Henry VI., 5) en- titled, “Certain days wherein fairs and tharkets ought not to be kept,” which provides that all manner of fairs and markets held on the principal feasts, Good Friday, or any Sunday in the year ex- cept the four in harvest, “shall clearly cease from all showing of any goods or merchan- dises (necessary victual only except), on pain of forfeiture of the goods; and in recog- nition of the fact that there had previously been no such restriction, itcontinues: “ Nev- ertheless, of his special grace (ra King) granted to them power which of old time had no day to hold their fair or market, but only upon the festival days aforesaid, to hold the same authority and strength of his old grant within three days next before said feasts or next after.” In 1464.4 law was passed (+ Ed- ward IV., 7) directed specially to leather- dressers and shoemakers, forbidding the sell- ing of shoes, ete., on ‘Sundays and principal feasts. This statute was repealed in 1522, and reénacted in part in 1604. In-1522 was passed “An act for keeping helydays and feasting days”? (5 and 6 Edward V. 3. said to have been drawn up under the inspection of Bishop Cranmer, the preamble to which well illustrates the view taken of Sunday in com- mon with other holy days by all Christians until about the beginning of the seventeenth century,—that the day itself had no sacred character nor higher claim to observance than that of convenience for purposes of uniformity in worship. This Protestant law had no penalties, but was repealed the next year by the Catholic Government of Mary, and_ restored in 1604, soon after the accession of James I. Tt was strikingly similar to the decree of Constan- tine the Great, made in the year 321: ‘**Let all Judges and people of the town rest, and all the various trades be suspended on the yenerable day of. the sun. Those who live in the country, however, .may freely and without fault attend to the culti- vation, of their fields, . . . lest, with the loss of favorable oyportunity, the commodi- ties offered by Divine Providence should be destroyed.” ‘The first law compelling church attendance was passed in 1558 (1 Elizabeth: 2h providing that persons having no excuse should attend public worship af the parish churches upon Sundays and other holidays, on pain of church censure anda fine of 12 pence. * In the reign of James I. the Puritans came to have some power. calling themselves God’s people and others Egyptians and Amalekites, and from this time their influ- ence appears in legislation, the statutes re- quiring a more and more strict observance of Sunday, and calling the day *‘ Sabbath” and the “ Lord’s day,” appellations not previouse ly used, In 1602 was passed a second law i Jac: 22) against the sellmg of shoes on winday, and in 1625 (1 Car. I: 1) it was enacted that there should be “no meetings, assemblies, or concourse of people out of their own parishes on the Lord’s day, for any sports or pastimes whatsoever; nor any bear-baiting, bull-baiting, interludes, common plays, or other unlawful exercises or pastimes used by any persons within their own parishes,” on pain of fine of three shil- lings and four pence. ‘This statute,” says Blackstone, “does not prohibit, but rather impliedly allows, any innocent recreation or amusement within their respective parishes.” ‘Two years later a law was made (3 Car. I,: 1) forbidding carriers and wagons from travel- ing on Sunday with penalty of £1 to the poor, and prohibiting the killing of animals on. the day by butchers. And in 1676 was passed the most important of all Sunday statutes, the well-known “ Lord’s-day act?” of 20 Car. IL: 7 This law generally pro- hibited all work and business on Sunday, ex- eept works of necessity and charity, and, with some minor additions and changes, Te mained in foree until long after English laws ceased to have authority in this country, and formed the basis of Sunday legislation in the United States. But the real growth of the orderly English Sunday was much slower than might be sup- posed trom the legislation on the subject. ‘The law of custom was So strongin many as not tobe easily overcome by stat- and by that law the day had a firmly wark could be from the Puritanical Sa xcept for the general suspension of Iabor and the hold- ing of religious services, Not only ita day of general merry-naking, but many fairs and markets were held upon it, and in some cases special festivals and revels were changed from other days in.the week to Sunday to lessen the number of popular hol- idays. As there were frequent scenes of violence, injuries to church property, and other flagrant abuses, the clerzy interposed from time to time, and some little restra was attempted; .but all through the four- teenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries the reforms appear of the most easy-going char- acter, and but little -was accomplished. affal utes, a established character as far The fairs, which were a greater kind of markets, and against ‘which the first statute of importance was directed, seem to have been hardly reached before their existence was ended al- together from the building of roads and canals, As suggested by the statute, the time of holding many of them was fixed by grant or iMMeMo! usage, and the law had so little effect that in the letters of Queen Eliza- beth commanding the use of the prayer-book, it was enjoined ‘That in, fairs and common markets falling upon the Sunday, there be no showing of any_ wares -before the service be done.” Even Cromwell and his Puritans failed to uproot the old: order of things, for in an almanac for 1689 we find a long list of “the principal fairs in England and Wales,” which were evidently held upon the same days of the month from year to year, without regard to the days of the:week, with the ex- ception of one at Litchfield set for May 1, “if not on Sunday.” Following is a shorter list of “Movable Fairs,” none of which are set on Sunday, The doctrine of the Puritanical Sabbath was originated by the Rev. Dr. Nicholas Bound, of Norton, in the County of Suffolk, who, . About the year 1595, published_a book en- titled “Sabbathunt Veteris et Novi Testa- menti; or, ‘The True Doctrine of the Sabbath,” in which ‘the conception was first given to the world. Until this the idea of giving the name and character of the Sabbath to the first day of the week had not been enter- tained in any quarter, but thus put forth it Taadily took root and rapidly grew. In 1599 Archbishop Whitgift Suppressed the book and ordered that it should not be printed, and Lord Chief Justice Popham did the same in the year following, but Whitgift soon died, and in 160} Bound. got out & second edition of his book, In 1618 ing James I., on the ground that the entire appropriation of the day to re- ligious offices tended to maké the people loomy | and sullen, issned his “ Book of ports,” which was ordered to be read in parish churches, declaring that dancing, archery, leapiag, vaulting, May-games, and morris-dances ‘vere lawful, and that no such honest mirth should be forbidden his sub- jects on Sundays after evening service, al- though Popish recusants were not to be al- lowed to play because they had not attended. service.” But the Puritan Sunday was yet the exception rather than the rule. A stout old Catholic, seeing it 1623, complained that the Protestants had bear-baiting on Sundays atthe hour of their church-service, adding that “‘indeede the tyme is as well spent: at the one as at the other”; and on Sunday, Sept. 27, 1631,“ Midsum~ mer Night's | Dream” was _ private. ly performed in the Bishop of Lincoln’s house in London, but the Puritans found it out and had the Proms: punished, Charles I. reprimanded Lord Richardson, C. J., for making an order Suppressing Sunday revels; and in 1633 renewed his father’s edict for Sunday sports, and even punished Puri- tans for refusing obedience; all for the pro~ motion of cheerfulness. In 1628, Bradbourne, of Suffolk, published “A Detense of the Most Ancient and Sacred Ordinance of God, the Sabbath-Day,” and the Bishop of Ely was commanded by the King to write a refutation, | and Drs, Pockington and Heylin soon fol- lowed on the same side, denying any obliga- tion to observe the Lord’s day. But, except for some interruption at the time of the res- toration, the general tendency in England, from the beginning of the seventeenth cen- tury forward, was of increasing strictness in Sunday observance, and the further steps need not be recited in detail. OUR SUNDAY-SGHOOLS. TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE STATE ASSOCIATION. The following circular, which explains: itself, has been issued: ‘The twenty-second annual Convention of the Illinois State Stinday-School Association will be held (D. V.) in the City of Galesburg ‘Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, May 11, 12, and 13, 1880, ‘The sessions of the Convention will be held inthe First Congregational Church, begin- uing Tuesday, May 11, at 10 o’clock a.m. Each county in the State, except Cook, fs en- titled .to ten delegates, the representation from Cook being unlimited. As far as possible, arrangements for re- duced fares on the various railroads will be made and announced ata future time, to- gether with the names of local committees, ete. In issuing the call for this Convention the Executive Committee beg to remind the’Sun- day-school workers of the State of the his- torical significance of this gathering. The year 1880 to the Sunday-sehool world, and_ to ig particular, is wyear of peculiar inter- est, : it is the semi-millennial anniversary of the translation of the Bible into the English language. The publication of Wycklif’s Bible, in 1380, was an event worthy of com- memoration by us, upon whom the cumula- tive blessings of 500 years of Bible reading and Bible study have fallen. It is the centennial anniversary of the es- tablishment of Sundayschools. The school organized by Robert Raikes in 1780, with two or three teachers, and a half hundred scholars, has grown into more than 100,000 schools, with more than 1,000,000 teachers, and nore than 10,000,000 scholars, It is the first year of the second serles of international uniform lessons, which were first prop sed in our own State, then adopted by the National Convention, and now_used. throughout a large portion of the Bible- reading world. It is the twenty-first anniversary of the or- ganization of our State Sunday-School Asso- ciation, which has been honored of God in greatly extending the work in this common- wealth, and acknowledged by others as fur- nishing an example worthy of imitation. It is therefore proposed that this Conven- tion be made a special reunion of the workers in this State, and that the following subjects be brought before us—viz.: 1. The consideration of Jesus Christ our Lord, in his adorable person, as Creator, Lawgiver, Savior, Priest, and King. 2. His holy and blessed word, the Bible, as our light: our ruide, our text-book, our weapon. 3. The Vineyard in which He has called us to labor—our counties; our schools. 4. The commands he has left us to obey—viz.: To teach all nations; to preach His Gospel to every creature. Zi 5. The need of greater consecration on the part of those who profess to be His disciples. 6, A fresh anointing by the Holy Spirit for the - duties before us. : __ We therefore request all pastors and super- intendents throughout the State to bring the Convention before the churches and schools asasubject of frequent prayer, and we sug- gest that the second Lord’s Day of May be set apart a day of prayer for the Sunday- school officers, teachers, and scholars of this State, and especially for the bre nee and blessing of God to rest upon and fdflow this Convention. ; And we invite you, brethren, in the name of our Lord, and in remembrance of His many mercies to us in the past, to meet with us in this Convention, and share this blessing. GENERAL NOTES. The Anti-Polyqamy Standard, of Salt Lake City, is the latest candidate for general circulation. It is published in the interest of the ‘Ladies’ Anti-Polygamy Society of Utah.” — This fs the centennial year of the Freewill Baptists, and will be appropriately commem- orated at the General Conference to be held at Weirs, on ‘Lake Winnipesockee, N. H., July 21. The amenities of the religions press are sometimes humorous and occasionally epi- grammatic. For instance, the Interior speaks of the Alliance as being “Central Church glucose.” : It is announced that on Sunday, May 30, services commemorative of the Robert Raikes movement will be held in all the Sunday- schools of the Methodist Episcopal Church. ‘The services will be prepared by Dr. Vincent. Last year the Government of Honduras abolished the old Church tax of one-tenth of the incomes of the people. Many of those who took advantage of the new Jaw and re- fused to pay have been excommunicated by the priests. Dr. McCosh, of Princeton, recently stated that out of the thousand and more young men who had gone out from under his in- structions at Princeton, only four were skep- tical, and three of them were afterwards con- verted and became preachers of the Gospel. Tus Trmune is in receipt of numerous cominunications on the question, whether “the end justifies the means” be a cardinal doctrine of the Jesuits. Hundreds of books and essays have been written on the subject, and nothing new remains to be said. For this reason ‘Tue Trttbunk declines the use of its columns for 2 revival of the discussion. ‘The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America will meet on Thursday, May 20, 1880, at 11 o’clock a. mp, at Madison, Wis., in the Assembly Hall of the Cupitol by the courteous invita- tion of the Governor of the State, and be opened with a sermon, in the absence of the Moderator of the last Assembly, by the Rev. Janes Eells, D.D., the Moderator of the Assembly of 1877. A recent articlein the Christian Advocate, of Macon, Ga, on “Mixing Religion with Politics,” by which the writer explained that the principles of Christianity ought to be ap] fied untlinchingly to every departinent of public as of private life, and, in particular, to “trauds and. terrorism” ab the polls, has raised some comunotion; but the happy and good editor, though solemnly warned by his contemporaries of the “perils” of his posi- tion, as being .“ unsafe” and “ forbidden ground,” replies with the manly and en: phatic question: “ 1Who has forbidden it? Mr! Froude’s affirmation that Catholicism is gaining ground in the United States having come to the attention of Dr. Stevens, 0: Geneva, he has_ written a note sayin; that every denomination is gaining here, Catho- ici ; but that Protestantisin Jicism with the rest; but that poled is gaining faster than Romanism. ing of the lrish is only a transfer, not an in- crease, and involves a.net Joss to the whole of Catholism which has already amounted to 8,000,000 or 4.000,000, The Baptists are in excess of the-Catholics, and the Methodists have about twice as_many people as they. Several Roman Catholic States have been an- nexed to this country, and Protestantism has become strong in them. - Dr. Christlieb, of Bonn, gives the follow- ing statistics: There are now seventy mis- sionary societies; twenty-seven in Great Britain, eighteen in: America, nine in Ger- many (including Basle). There are some 2,500 European preachers, 23,000 native cate- ‘chists. There are now about 1,650,000 con- verts. In 1878 more than 60,000 Pagans passed over to Christianity. There are coasts and archipelagos which have become almost entirely Christian. The money raised by mis- siopary societies annually amounts to about a million and 2 quarter pounds sterling, of which one-half was contributed in Great Britain. There are 400,000 scholars in the mission schools. ‘Che Bible has been trans- lated into 226 different languages, and the copies cireulated amount to 148,000,000. More than seventy barbarous languages have been endowed with a grammar and literature. The recent Methodist Conference in Phila- delpnia seems to have been a very lively one. One of the hotly-contested questions was the matter of the appointment of Presiding Eld- ers. A strong party in the Conference urged that the Presiding Elders should be elected by the ministers for a specified time, and should not be appointed by the Bishop. Oth- ers proposal! that the office of Presiding Elder be done away with altogether, and Bishops be elected after the manner of the Episcopal Church, for particular limits and localities. One brother went so far as to say that the whole system of Bishops and Elders was hardly consonant with the principles of the land in which we are living, and smacked quite too much of despotism. Under the very eye of the Presiding Bishop, and within the hearing of the Presiding Elders, the sharpest thrusts and complaints were made. PERSONALS. Ex-Gov. Morgan has recently madean gift of $100,000 to Union Theological Seminary. Bishop Harris has just returned to New York from a visit to the Methodist Episcopal Missions in Mexico. The Rev. Thomas C. Eaton has accepted the call to the Lee Avenue Congregational: Church of Brook!yn. i ase ‘Tlie death is announced of the Rev. George W. Kinne, of Bath, Me. Le was a graduate of Williams College. ‘The Rev. H. W. Jones, of Bordentown, N. J.. has accepted a call to the Schuylkill Baptist Church of Philadelphia. The Rev. D. R. Breed, St. Paul, has been granted asix months’ vacation by his church. le will probably spend the time in Europe. The Rev. P. Thyholdt, a graduate ofthe Chicago Theological Seminary, has received ae eal fron the Presbyterian Church at Evart, ich, Ex-Gov. Brown, of Georgia. has given $50,- 000 to the Southern Baptist Theological Sem- inal | at Louisville, Ky., to endow a Profes- sorship. The Rev, Henry Mr. Parsons, pastor of the Lafayette Street Church, Buffalo, N. Y., has received a call to the Knox Presbyterian Church, Toledo, O. The Rev. Isaiah Crocker Thacher died at Peabody, Mass., March 16, aged 65 years. He was a graduate of Union College and Yale Seminary, and had held pastorates in Matta- poisett, Middleboro’, South Dennis, Glouces- ter, Wareham, and Lakeville. The Rev. T. B. Miller, of Philadelphia, was expelled from the Conference a few daysago, on being convicted of having an active inter- est in a bogus college, called the Universit: of Philadelphia. His partner, the Rev. Will- iam Major, was suspended for one year. The Rev. Abr Laniphares f Beverly, pastor of a Congregational church, is sustained bya large majority of his church, while the so- ciety has voted to pay him no salary. He can stay as long as the church will keep him, but have no pay for his services. He has decided to “stick.” The Rev. Theodore Monod, a prominent Protestant Pastor of Paris, has been deputed bya French Missonary Society to visit the United States this spring, to represent the present condition and needs of Protestantism in France, and to_ obtain help for the evan- gelization of Paris and other parts of that country. M, Monod studied theology in the United States. Ba ‘ Among the eminent Scotch divines who will attend the Presbyterian Council in Phil- adelphia this year is the Rev, Alexander F. Mitchell, D, D., Professor of Ecclesiastical History i St. Andrew’s University. While in America he will deliver a course of six Jectures on the “ Westminster Assembly and the Westminster Standards,” upon the_his- tory of which he is considered the best living authority. The lectures will be delivered at the Western Theological Seminary, Alle- gheny City, Pa. EUNNY PIETY. A Sunday-school scholar was requested to learn “Matthew xiv: 13, 15,” when he astounded! the teacher by jumping up with the exclamation: “Can’t be done; ’taintin the blocks !’—Mohawk Valley Democrat. -Juvenilé theology—Mother (at tea-table): “Jack, who helped you to those three tarts ?”” Jack (ged, a): “The Lord.” Mother: “The Lord? Why, what do you mean, Jack?” Jack: “Well, f helped myself, but father said yesterday that the Lord helps those who help themselves.” ata recent lecture a speaker quoted the fo lowing epitaph from a tombstone in En- glan Here lies the body of Betsy Bin, ‘Who was 80 very pure within, She burst the outer shell of sin, And hatched herself a cherubin. These days no one is safe from the charge Brown went to church last ,—a thing unusual,—and, upon being asked his opinion of the clergyman, said: “Oh, his sermon was very good; but that prayer beginning. with ‘Our Father,’ I think, e Stole entire. I know Lhave heard some- thing somewhere that it was strangely like.” —Boston Transcript. As P. T. Barnum was selecting a turkey in one of our markets, the owner drew his spe- cial attention to a large fat gobbler. Sus- pecting it was an antediluvian, Mr. Barnum said, With a smile, “What do you sell that old gentleman for ?”_ Withan airof triumph the owner replied, “I sell him for a profit.” “A prophet! Oh, I supposed he was a patri- arch,” was the quiet response, The study of sacred history terminated. Two gushing Boston girls were walking one dayin the suburbs of the Hub, when they stumbled on a little old-fashioned mile- stone, forgotten in. the march of improve- ment. One ot them stooped, and parting the grass, discovered the “half-effaced inscrip- tion, %Tm. from Boston,” upon which’ she exclaimed, ecstatically, “Here is a grave, perhaps of some young girl, who wished it written on hertombstone, * I’n from Boston, How touching! so simple, and so sufticient!”” A young man preparing for the Unitarian ministry was intruduced fo 2 prominent Prot- estant Episcoval clergyman in Boston, and gave some examples of the advice he had re- ceived, including that of an old Unitarian Professor, who ‘had_ insisted very strongly upon the necessity of “pitching into the or- thodox.” The minister replied that he dep- recated the practice of persistent “pitching into” anybody or anything. “For my own part,” he addod, “I should get tired of abus- ing the Devil right along.” This story is told of two well-known Sonth- ern clergymen, one of whom undertook to rebuke the other forusing tobacco: “ Brother G.,” he exclaimed, without stopping to ask any other questions, “is it possible that you chew tobacco?” “Lf must confess that! do,” the ather quietly replied. “Then 1 wand quit it, sir,” the old gentleman energetically continued; “itis avery unclerical practice, and a very uncleanly one. Tobacco! Why, sir, even a hog won't chew it “Father C. do you chew tobacco ?” responded the amused listener. “I? No, sir,” he answered gruftiy, with much indignation. ‘Then, pray, which is the most-like the hog, you or 12? The old ‘doctor’s fat sides shook with laughter as he said, “Well, Lhave been fairly caught this time.” CHURCH SERVICES. EPISCOPAL. id ‘ Cathedral SS. Peter and Paul, corner of West Washington and Peoria strects. The Rt-Rey. W. E. McLaren, .S,.1. D., Bishop; the Rev. J. H. Knowles, priest in charge. Holy Com- munion at 7a.m.- Choral morning prayer and celebration of the Holy Communion at 10:30a.m. Sunday-school and children's service at 3 p. m. “Evening” prayer at 7:30 p.m. ~ ~The Rev. Frederick Courtney will officiate in St. James’ Church, corner of Cass and Huron streets, at 10:45 2. m., with installation,of the Rector by the Rt.-Rev. Bishop3fcLaren. ~The Kev. R. A. Holland officiates morning and evening at Trinity Church, corner of Twen- ty-sixth street and Michigan avenw tlon of the Holy Communion at 8:50 {be Publect: “The Victor ith ng: Ay Rev. Wi —The Rev. William E. Knowlton will offici in St. Andrew's Church, corner Washington and_Robey streets, at 10:30 a. m. and 4p. in. come at be held ta ee Ansgarius® , ick street, near re at 10:30'a. m. and 7:30 ag im. acuta —The Rev. Clinton Locke will officiate in Gracn Church, Wabash avenue, neur Sixteenth street. at 1] a. m. and 7:30 p. m. Communion at&u. m —The Rev. Arthur Ritchie will Preach in the Church of-the Ascension. corner North La Snilo Elm streets, morning and evening. Holy Com- munion at 8 a. m.; solemn vespers at 7:30 p.m. —The Hov. B. F. Fleetwood will officiate in St. Mark’s Church, corner of Cottage Grove avenue and Thirty-sixth street, at 10:30 a, m. and 7:38 p.m. ~The Rey. Luther Pardee will officiate in Calvary Church, Warren avenue, near Western, eae a.m. and 7:30 p.m. Holy Communion at 745 a.m. —Tho Rev. T. N. Morrison, Jr., will officiate in the Church of the Epiphany. Throop street, be- tween Monroe and Adams, ut & mm. and 7:30 Holy Communion at 82. m. —The Rev. W. J. Petrie will officiate in tha Church of Oger Savior. corner of Linco!n and Bel- den avenues, at lla.m.and4p:m. _ —The Key. James E. Thompson will officiate in St. Thomas’ Church, Indiana avenue, between Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth strects, morning and event Holy Communion at 8 a. m. —The Rey. J. D. Cowan will ofliciate ia St. Stephen's Church, Johnson street, between Tay- lor und ‘twelfth, at 10:30 n,m. The Rev. L. W. Applegate will officiate at 7:30 p. m. —T. B. Townsend will conduct services in St. Luke's Mission, 987 and 989 Polk street, at 1043 a. m. and 7:30 p.m. “ —There will be a festival of the Sunday- schools of St. James’ Church Parish, corner of Cass and Huron streets, at 4 o'clock this ufter- noon. Celebra- t Fath Bren: of Faith." Even- Sermon to Young Men; subject, Led CONGREGATIONAL. The Rev. E. F. Williams preaches at tho South Church, quorning and evening. —The Rey. Charics Hull Everest preaches at Pipmouty Church at the usual hours. ‘he Kev. F, A. Noble preaches at Union Park Church morning: and evening. —The Rev. James Powell lectures at the Lincoln Park Church this eveuing on_ the “Slave Music of the South.” The Rey. B. Fe Leavitt preaches in the morning. - —The Kev. G. H. Peeke will preach his fourth anniversary sermon in the Leavitt Street Soo this morning, and will also preach In the evening. —The Rev. E. P. Goodwin will preach in the First Church, corner Ann and Washington strects, ut 10:30 a. m. and Leg nm. Morning subject: “The Resurrection of the Body.’ Evening subject: **How Sin Tends to Perma- neuce in Moral Character.” —The Rev. Arthur Little will preach in the New England Church, Dearborn avenue and Park piace, at 10:30 0. m. and 7:30 p. m. —The Rev. J. M. Williams will preach in the Bethany Church, corner Paulina and West Hu- ron streets, morning and evening. —Prof. J.T, Hyde will preach {n the Clinton Street Church, corner Wilson street, at 10:45 2. m.and 7:30p.m. —Services will_be held in the Western Avenue Mission, corner Polk street, at 7:50 p. m. —Services will be held in tho Central Park Mission, corner West Lake and Albany avenue, at 7:30-p. m. —Services will be hela in the Plymouth Churoh Mission, 361 Thirty-first street, at 7:45 p. m. PRESBYTERIAN, ‘The Rev. Mr. Anthony preaches at the Reunion Church morning and evening. —tThe Rev. J. H. Walker will preach at the Garuptel! Purk Chupel this evening. —The Rev. H. T. Miller preaches at the Sixth Church, corner of Vincenaes and Oak avenues, at the usual hours. —The Rev. J. Bfonro Gibson will preach in the Second Church, corner of Michigan avenue and Twentieth street, paris and evening. —The Rev. Arthur Mitchell will preach and administer the Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper inthe First Church, corner of Indiuna avenue and Twenty-tirst street, at 10:30a.m. Evening services at the Railroad Chapel, No. 715 State street, at 7:45. —The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper will be administered and new members will be received in the Third Church, corner of Ashland and Og- den avenues, at 10:0a.m. The Rev. A. E. Kit- tredge will preach in the evening on “The Father's Reception of the Prodigu! Son.” —The Rev. A. T. Pierson, of Detroit, saptpreielt in the Jeiferson Park Church, corner of Throop and Adams streets, at 10:30 a.m. and7:30 p. m. —The Rey. O. N. Barrett will preach in West- minster Church, corner of Jackson.and Peoria streets, at 10:45 a.m. and 7:30 p. m. * —The Key. James Maclaughlan will preach in the Scotch Church, corner of Sangumun and Adams streets, at 10:30 2. m. and 7:50 p. m. —The Kev. J. M. Worrall will preach in the Eighth Church, corner of West Washington and Kobey streets, at 10:30 a. m. and 7:00 p.m. ie Rev. W. 'T. Meloy, D. D., will morning and evening in the United corner of Monroe and Paulina streets. —There will be preaching at the Englewood Church, Sixty-third street, oy the Rev. Waltcd Forsyth in the morning. ’Sunday-school con= cert in the evening. - e Kev.’ James Maclaughlan will preach morning and evening nt the Scotch Church, cor= ner of Sangamon and Adams streets, UNITARIAN, The Rey. Brooke Herford will preach at the Church of the Messiah. Morning subject, “The Lesson of the World to the Church.” Eveniug: “The Four Centenaries of 1880.”” —The Rev. E. I Galvin will preach in the Third Church, corner of Monroe and Latina streets, ut 3:30 p. m. Subject: “The Uses of Great and Good Men; The Centenary of Dr, Channing's Birth.” —The Rev. S. I. Cathrop, of Syracuse, N.-¥., will preach in Unity Church, corner ‘born. avenue and Walton place, morning and evening, Morning subject: “The Heavens and Man.'* Evening subject: “The American Idex.” —The Kev. B. M. Tillotson, of St. Johnsbury, Vt., will preach in Unity Church, Oak Park, im the morning. reach hurchy ‘UNIVERSALIST. ‘The Rev. W. H. Ryder will preach in St. Paul's Church, Micbigan avenue, near Eighteenth street, at 10:454.m. No pyening service, as the congregation of St. Paul's will Join in the mis- sionary meeting at the Church of the Redeemer. ‘The Rev. Olympia Brown will preach morning and evening in the Church of the Redeemer, corner of Sangamon and Washington strects, The Rev. Dr. Ryder will participate in the even- ing services, ks INDEPENDENT. The Rev. George C. Necdham will the Chicago Avenue Church, corner o! Street, at 10:45 a.m. and 7:00 p. mi. CHRISTIAN, Barton W. Johnson, editor of the Evangelist, will preach in the cburek corner of Western avenue and Congress street in the morning. Mr. E. Stewart will preach in the evening. —The Hey. Irving A. Searies will preach In the morning and the v. Charles H. Caton in the evening in the Second Church, Oakley avenuc, corner of Jackson street. —The Rev. George W. Sweeney will preach morning and evening at the First Church, cor- ner of Twenty-fifth strect and Indiana avenue. Morning subject: “The ns of God'a Visi- ble Crentions.” Evening subject: “The Per- fection of Mun. What Is It, and How Etfectedt And When Will Tt Be Complete 2” —The Key. C. H. Caton will preach in the Sout: Side Church, Oakwood boulevard, at 10:30 a. m. and the Rev. Irving A. Searles will preach at 5:38 By. 2 Evening subject: “The Growth of the ible.” REFORMED EPISCOPAL. ‘The Rev. F. W. Adams preaches at St. Mat~ thew's Church, corner of Clark and Centre streets, at the usual hour. —Bishop Chency preaches at Christ’s Church, Morning subject: ‘*Seltishness Beforethe Mercy Seat”: evening, “St. Paul's Arithmetic.” —The Rev. J. D. Wilson pels atst. Jobn’s Church, Ellis avenue and Thirty-seventh street, morning and evening. - —The Rev. Dr. Cooper preaches at the Church of the Good Shepherd this evening. Subject: “The Lost Sheep.” 4 —Rishop Fallows. preaches at St. Paul's Chureh,. corner of Washington and Carpenter streets, this morning. Subject: *“ Doubting Thomas.” In the evening Dr. Comstock, of New York, will talc to young men only on “ Obscens Literature.” —ishop Cheney will preach in Emmanuel Church, corner Hanover and Twenty-eichth streets, and administer the rite of confirma- thon, at 4:30 p. m. ‘ ‘BAPTIST. : There will be a Gospel meeting nt the Taber- nacle, corner of Wabash avenue and Van Buren Steet, this evening. : —The Kev. N. F. Ravlin preaches at No. 42 Ogden avenue morning and evening. ie Rev. George U. Lorimer will preach in the First Church, corner of South Park avenue and Thirty-first street, at 1a. m. and 7: hp. te Morning Subject: ** The Omnipotence of Unbe- lief." Evening: “The Iwo Revelations.” Bup- tism at the close of the evening service. e Key. E. B.. Hulbert will preach at 11:58. a.m. and 7230 p.m. at the Fourth Churek, cor- ner of Paulina and Washington streets, —The Kev. J. 'T. Burhve will preach xt 10:30 and 7:50 p. m. at University Place Church, corner Dou; Place and Rhodes avenue. The Kev. J. Rowley will preach at 10:45 5. m. and 7:30 p.m. at the North Star Church, corner of Division and ee cierick Streets. —The Kev. C. Perrin will preach at 10:30 a. m. and 7:30 p.m.at the Western Avenue Church, corner of Wurren avenue. —The Rev. W. H. Parker will preach at 10:3) a. tm. and 7:30 p. in. nt Coventry Street Church, cor- ner of Bloomingdale road. * ie Rev. RK, Da Baptiste will preach at 1] a. reach in La Salle & m. and 745 p. m- in Olivet Church, on Fourth avenue, near Tavlor street. ~~ - —Tho Rev. A. K. Parker will ich at 10:30 a, m. and 7:30 p. m. in Centennial Church, corner of Lincoln and West Jackson streets. E. O. Taylor will preach at 10:45 s- m. and 7: . mm. at Central Church, No. 290 Or cburd street. —Mr. B. F. Jacobs will superintend the Gospe 33 mecting at tho Tabernacle, Nos, 302 and 30: Wa- bash avenue, at 7:30 p. m. Sirhe tev. M.A. Broadhurst will preach at: born Street 19:30. m, and 7:30p.m. at Dea Cone ee es Geet yan phn at 1045 —The Vv. J. {9 3! g,m-and 7300 p.m. at Evangel, Church, Rock sletho Rev. GB. Vossburgh will preach at 30:45. m. and 7:50 p.m. at Millan! Aveaue urch, Lawndale. —The Rey. —» Moyer will preach at 10:00 a. me