Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 6, 1880, Page 9

i, B. WASHBURNE, qhe Life and Recollec- tions of a States- i man. From Obscurity and Pov- erty to Fame and Fortune. : ie England Life Long Ago—What - May Be Accomplished by Hard Work, guccess in the Far West~A ‘ Long Congressional Career. ‘War-Time Memories — Recent Historical Events. L-NEW ENGLAND FOREFATIERS, : WO, (u New York Thiner, Ititbo true of men that "blood will telly” the success In Iifo nehleved by Elihu B, Washburne, of Iinols, who was a farmer's boy, a printer's apprentice, who has been a lawyer, statesman, and diplomat, and who fs ‘today foremost among tho men who may claim {o bo representative Americans, {3 to 6 great oxtent accounted for in advance.” Ho {s descended. directly from John | Wash- bum, tho first Secretary of the Council of Plymonth. His father, Israel Wash- burn, was n native of Massachusetts, s man of high honor ond sterling Integrity, Who removed to tho District of Maino In 1800, and in 1800 settled at Livor- more, Oxford County, that State, where ho died in September, 1876, nt the age of years, The grandfather of EM 13. Washburne on the father’s slde, Isracl Washburn, of Rayn- ham, Mass., was a soldicr of the Revolution, He was in many respecte a typical New En- glanter of the time, mingling the chnracter- istles of the Puritans with those of the Pil- gtim Fathers, Ilo was a tall, large-framed man, and even in his old ngo straight and atrong, After tho war he became a farmer; wasindustriousand frugal, united a sqund ine telligence with rare commonsense, and added toaninflexiblc honesty the strictest sense of justice, His name was tho synonym of teuth and honor, but withal he was 4 man of much sternness and severity; usually talked but Uittle, yet at times was vigorous and often yehement in bls address, Mr, Washburne’s mother was a daughter of Samuel Benjamin, who descended directly from the Pilgrim Fathers, and whose services in the Revolu- tionary War nro recounted in a document ati existing, as follows: .. Tho decinration of Lieut. Benjamin, mado for tho purpose of obtaining pension: I, Famuel Henjamiu, a resident and eltizen of the United Stntes of America, and inhabitant of Lvermore, in the County of Oxford, and Btato of Mossnchusntts, on oath declare, that from fhe battlo of Lexington, April 19, 1775, in which Iwas enguged, { wus In tho Continental service io the Rovolutionary War without ever leaving sald eerviee, even BO much ns one day, till the eth day of Auguat, A.D. 1742, Tservad tho eight months’ rervico in 1776 at. Cambri In Bild Blate, In 1776, ng seon as the British le! poston wemarched to Ticonderoga, whoro nfy yeur's fervice exnired, and on tho Jat of Janunry, 177%, Irecelved from John Hancock, Presidont of the Continental Congress, an Ensign’s commission, gblen is horounto annexcd, and continued to tervo under. sald conimisaion in Cunt, Ebenezer Cleveland's, company, Col. Michael Jackson's regiment, in tho Mnssn- chusctts Line, in the rmy of 10 United Colonics, on. tha Continental, establish- ment, till I received n commission uf Liouten- ant, dated Oct. 7, 1777, under which commission Userved in tho sama company aboyesntd, which company is now, and hus been somo months Provioug, vommanded by Capt, Silny Pleree, in consequence of tho realgnation of Capt. Clovo- land, until tho 6th day of August, A.D, 1782, When Thnd Mberty to lonve tho service, acer> titleate of which, signed by Col. Michagl Jack- son, ie niso hercunto annoxed, By commission of Lcutenant Lacnt to Washington Inat winter, and havo {t not in my power. Iwas inthe battlo of Lexington nbovesaid bofore T engaged as a Continental soldier, and was nfterwnrd in tho battlo of Monmouth, and at tho taking of Corn- vaills, and numerous other bittles of lesser magnitude. Left the sorvice at West, Point, a will oppear from tho annexed certificate, SAMUEL Benga, At the close of the Rovolutionary, War Leut. Benjamin removed to Livermore, and Was one of tho earliest scttlors of that town, The first settler, and agent of the propriotora of the settlement, was Deacon Elijah Liver- more, after whom {twas named. To was tho grandfather of ex-Vice-President Hamlin. Mr. Washburno was the third of sovon brothers. The elder, Israel Washburn, Jr, ‘was long In public }ifo,—ten years | membor of Congress from Malne, two years Governor of that Stato, and for somo twelve yonrs Cole lector of Portland, Mo. ‘Tho brother noxt younger thon himself, Cadwallnder 0, Wash- burn, of Wisconsin, reprosonted that Stato {nCongress for ten yenra; sorved during tho wholo of the War of tha Rebellion, come ing out as a Major-Gonoral of Volun- teers, and was nftorward for two yonrs Governor of Wisconsin, ‘Tho youngestot t! 0 family, Gon. Whitam D. “Washburn, of Minnesota, fa now fervlug his frst torm ns a momber of Congrese from that Btnte, Anothor brothor, Charles A, Washburn, wits United Btatos Miniater Hesident yaameuny for sovon years, appolnted by Mr. IL=MAINE IN THE OLDEN TIME. Springing from suchgtock, Elihu B, Wash- burne was born at Livermore, in Oxford County, {n September, 1816, Ils enrly We had: in it nothing of adventure, tnd his recollectlons of that timo contain no startling incidents, Ils career from hia birth to his majority 1s on that accoutit not the less interesting, The imple story of his early youth, flied na Lt is With notes of many vielssitudes, and belng is{t was n constant struggle, a ceascleas bat- {le to wring hard fara from Inhospltable sur- Toundings, and {ustrating a3 it docs life In New England tn the olden thie, tt is not only Most Interesting but exccedingly Instructive, From his earliest Infancy young Eltiu Was taught to bellevo that there was no Ronsense in this Hfe, and that the best men, wuilke the Vicar of Wakefleld, never tired of belng always wise. Is fathor kept semall country store, and he,as early a8 his 7th Feat yaa aan to male lmself gonoral- Useful,” gathering chips, carrying wood, yee stones from off the ‘tortie B ntard pant, dieting, cows, amd doing many other chores” of tho samo sort, Ilo went to School a fow weeks in winter, and agaln for Slew weeks in summers bits may readily Imagined, learned but Hite, About hits father's Store, however, being a Ind. of rat Nest intellizence, he picked tip much use- Hing et miecellancous information, At that mo the ** stare” of a country tows was the one ffest placo for socin} {nteravurse. Theory poll~ ee aud religion wore discussed, and tho weekly Fusea bere Fond to a crowd of most attentive de t tho tine in question tho Huatlowell tocate waa taken by Elihu's fathar, delivered over Wextninn who rode on horseback ohvo a Wook Tatormesscireults jit addition to this source of ane lon, which was frecly open tothe boy Ubrar gi? older, thore waa a ainall circulating fob ry in Livermore, and almost bofore hu was pots teons ho had read a nuniber of books on wai Hory, Liography, and many volumes of ru- In June, 1833, ho se J '» EE, cured tho situation of an paurentice in the oftica of the Christin Intell Benn’ wblished at Gantiner, Mo. and in his Fugi Pontion lenened rapidly. ‘Inudiition to tha ineaments of bis trado ho piokod up much odd a Taatlon, and a8 politics ran bigh tthe tito, Bollelec a th aner ollivo waa the great place for Eongicel diecunston, he nan became thoroughly Flog, abt With ail tho eluction news of tho pus in bis poking bis cus from bis father, who onco aut ring bad denounced Androw Juckson Who had fi Unit to be President, as an office Or eed Banged mon in Florida without warruut dicia, » Who had trampled tho righta of the Jus thin eg ender foot at Nuw Orleaus,—be oven ut iy carly age concolved a bitter dislike to After Vite wey Which clung :to bin in all Hoes ‘nas ee C's, muck, to mako, bis, aa he Republi 5 e leaders of the Mr Wasi party. oF this period in bis carcer burne Wrote some in a pri mie fiaty? “Ae time rolled om T'was aul te used aid contented in my trade. T learned THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, «MARCI 6, 1880—SIXTEEN PAGES. to set typo rapidly, and had also bes . b in to wo} Tilttlo ‘nt the press, Yelld not Consliter thee ine ‘0 Inbor very hard, and Thad a good dent of lets- ury time to read ‘nud atudy. Trend nll tho ox= Brae nn pern, And contracted the habit ut newa- paper, reading which has not left me to this day. Hon't think f over wasted nn hour, but davated, Inyrclf outirely to the acquiaition of knowledge, On boy who ‘Is derirous of eduenting bimeclt thera {8 not n better achool than a printing-nffice, I wasn tho infehieneeromeetnea Teta aged s lelligencer offica than I over learned In,any one sear uf ny tee peserns is tndings mt this time in Gardiner feom to have beon quite ns agreeable to him Os hia work. Upon this potnt ho’ apenks In his Mary as follows: In those days Gardiner was 0 high ploee, and was relntivoly vastly moco fine portant than itis to-day, Many men of pronil- Renee lived thero, politfelans and mon of burke n It wns the reatdenes of Goorge Kyans, Who was a inqtabor of Congress from that dis trict. Maino hag been a State fruitful of erent men, and Ihave niwnya considered Mr. Byans ona of tho greatest of thom nll. No town in tho Btate hud mora refined aooloty than had Gare diner. 'Thia was before tho era of railroads and Tepitlar passenger steambonta, and 1 good dont of the travel to Boston wag in aniling-vesscls, ‘Thero wasn dnfly mall by stage from Portinnd to Augusta, nnd tho rttlo'of tho heavy. couck through tho streets of Gardiner and tho loud erack of tho driver's whip was alwnys nn cyent, s+ 5 My recollections of that timo will al- ‘ways bo ploasant ones, IIl.—A SCHOOLMASTER. Unfortunately, the boy's pleasant situation was not long to continue. 'Tho paper with which ho was connected falted, nnd he was thrown out into the world without employ- ment or any hopo of obtaining anothor situa- Hon. Stilt ho did not despair, and, return- ingtothe nelghborhaod of his home, by tho Influence of friends, after passing f& sovere examination, he ‘was selected to teach the district’ school, his com- pensation boing $10 a month, and it being stiputnted that he was to ‘board around” among tho neighboring families, Ho was barely 18 yonrs of age whon ho entored upon tho duties of schoolmaster. “Many of bls pupils wero much older and strongor than himsclf, aoveral of them wero notorious mischief: makers, and the wintor before tho schoolmaster had been, by a numbor of riotous pupils, turned bodily out of the school and the rchool itself closed up, By overy meanain his powar, desiring to nvold a collision with them, the young tnaster tried to coneiliate his scholirs, and for n while succeeded ndmirably. After the second. week, however, ho began to seo symptoms of revolt, and bo made up his mind that upon tho first opportunity he would give the big boys who yworo disposed to bo impertinent a tnsto of his mettle, He soon bad the opportunity. The clase was up uofore tilin for recitation, whon ono of the biggest nnd worst Inds in achool not only declined to obey ono of bis orders, but Ime portinently Inughed in his face. Without a ward young Washburne sprang from his place, and, with a heavy ruler, bent tho rebellious pupil eo vigorously over the head nnd shoul ders that ho soon cried for meroy, and, to- gethor with his companions who “had been most unruly, over afterward subinitted to dis- cipline meokly nud without dispute, Echool- muster Washburne had no further trouble in innintatning tho decorum of tho establishment. ‘Whon his threo months’ ternt asa school. tencher hn closed, and be hnd recetved his $30, bo succeeded, after much offort, in securiny Binco fg apprentice in the ofice of the Kennelico ournal, av Augusta, Me., which wns thy leading ‘Whig organ of tho Stato. Regarding this pur- ton of his carcer, Mr. Washburne writes in his Journal: “It was sometime ju tho early part ‘of May, 1855, that Iwas Installed in. the Kenne- beo Journal oficons approntico. 1 had served wa *dovil' at Gardiner, and was now advanced ono grade. Mr. Severance, the editor, was 1 prav- tical printer, and set up his own ciitorinis, Ho Was ntaan of romarkiuble Sntelligences and of Yery groat influonce with tho Whiy party at at day, But though honored ‘and rovered by the organization, ho nover sought oflice. Ivory position which he hold was, In reality, thrust upon him. In tho summer of 185 ho was nominateli ns one of three Henators from Konnebeo County. I woll recollect his lenying tho office to go to’ tha Convention to ro- ort the proceedings. Ho bad not tho slightest den of his own nomination. Wnhon he returned to tho office, I wont to whero he was and asked him who. bad been nominated, not thinking of him. Ho answered, with n pleasant smile: ‘lwo men and a boy, nud I am the boy.’ “ Ho was aftorwards clected to Congress from tho Konnebeo Dintrict, served four yenrs, and yas subsequently appolnted United Sintes Min- istor to tho Sandwich Islunds. . . . The Stato Legisinture met at Augustn shortly after my orrival there, and, a8 ay head was always full of polities, 1 managed to sco, consider fbloof tho membors, At that timo both par- ties sont thelr best men to the Legisinture. Jon- athan Cilloy, afterward member of Congress, and killed in n.duel by Graves, of Kentucky, wis elected Spenkor of tho.Honse. I went to his room the oyening after his olection to get. n copy of the epecch ho’ mado th acknowledging the honor. ' Hows rary polleey gave the document to mo in his own handwriting, nud T tool It to tho ofice and sotitup. Jotm Holmes, Hannibal Hamlin, who was several times clected United States Sonntor, anc who was Vice-Pres(dont une der Lincoln, Virgil D, Parris, and others af noto, wero mombors of tho Logislature during that year." IvV.$A NEW CAREER, Young Washburne, though working vory hard, sometimes fintil-2 or3 o’elock in tho morning, when a tri-weekly paper was pub- Ushed during sesslons of tho Legislature, had what seemed to him to be a yery pleasant and rather ensy place in the Kenne- bee Journal oflice, and he wis very hopeful of becoming most proficient in-his trade, when he was stricken by an ailment which prevented him permanently — from standing at tho “ense,” This was. os, great blow, but notwithstanding tho disappointinent, and finding that one career was closed to him, he, with his usual energy, turned his attention to an- other. He decided to study low, and in the 5} Ha of 1836 bade farewell to Augusta and ho Kennobes Journal, going with whint lit- tle money he had scraped together to the Kent's If Seminary, where ho Intended to study as long as lls funds would hotd out, It is worthy of note that Etnathy O. Howe, ‘who was subsequently for a long time United States Senator trom Wiscousin, was one of hig fellow-studente, Struggling along, frequently consulting with his brothers and his family, senile lot tera by private hand because ho could not afford to pay postage, the boy worked on to etancidueation, In the winter of 1837 he studied Latin and French, read continue ously, attended lyceum lectures, and pro- ressedrapidly, Attermore thana Pearsons in this way, he entered the Inw oflles of tho Hion. John Otis, a distinguished Inwyer, and member of Congress who lived In the aris- tocrntic town of Hntlowell, Me., and in time ir. Oua was s0 much struck by his dillgence, fidelity, and ambition, that ho aided him pecuntnrily, and took him {nto his own’ family to bond, Afterward, when tho young man was fitted, Mr, Otis uivanced him tha monoy to en- tor tho Cambridge Law School. Heforo this, howover, in January, 1938, the Whiga having a majority in the Leglalature, young Washburne, urged by his frionds, tried td procure thé poxl= tion of Assistant Clerk tothe Honse, which pald #2 n day, and would literally hayo been w god. sond to bin, He wus defented in thls nspiras tion, but aftorward was given somo writing to Go by tho Hecrotary of Btate—who subsequently becamo his collonguo in Congress. In March, 1630, ha ontered the Cambridyo Law School, which was then most populiur, having for its Profcasora Mr. Juatice Story and Stinon Greon= long, two of the most iatipgulaed furiata the country hus oyer prodiced, Jt was attended by pupils from all over the country, aud many of those who studied with Mr. Washburne hive since become noted men Inthe Nation. Among othora of this class may be mentioned Gen, Charles Dovena, the Attornoy-Gonoral, ex-Goy, Hchard 1. Pane, ir, William Wetmore Story, Juices iussoll Lowell, Judgo Charles A, Peabody, Alien F, Owen, subscqnontly a member of Congress from Georgia, Willian M, Kyarte, now Beurotary of Btate, and tho Hon, Roland Jones, of Louldiana, Who afterward served in Congress with Mr, Washburne, For more than a year tho young inan pursued bia studies nt Cambridge, and then, baving massed gecritical oxamination, and having beon wimitted to the Hur, bo determined to cut loose from ble old associations, sok a home in tho Fir West, and muke for himacif a compotonce, Gathering together what money he could, und, equipped: bya carcful mother ‘with w few are ticles uf clothing, he set out on hin Journey for the” West," but with no definit idea oft what Polnt ho would ultlinately selovt for sotticment, Ve-WASITINGTON IN THE OLDEN: TIME, On his way to the West he passed through Washington, and then, for tho Urst time, be- ing throwh Into the soclety of many dis- tinguished men, he was naturally much Im- pressed, Yoars afterward, writing of that Arwt visit to the Capltal In which he was aft- erwurd destined to play so Important a part, Mr. Washburné says: “All was now to me, and Iwas vastly excited In what was golngon in Congress, In the Mouse, they had up the New Jersey election questlon, in which the Demouratic majority undertook to go behind the broad seal of the State. Very fow matters in Congress bafore or since have ever created such excitement in the Hause orinthe country. I was present on the day it violent and heated Onna tote alacueston Allard Fillmore took ® prominent part and acquittedbinself It was thon Whig ngainst Demo- and there was no acctlonal division, Kentueky, spoke with great power, Alford, p Whig member from Georgla, a rough-hewn son of the fores ry hard upon tha 'Lortes,? as the same debate many. joy. Pope, of then called then, othora participated, amonse eutrions old gentleman from one of the bac districtaof Pennsylyanta, a Dr. Pet niker cont and along cue down bis Graves of Kentucky, Hollo- Init, tse spoke, ‘or of the House back, Rriges and Minn and finn Hunter, of Virginin, was Spoal at thin time, bat he wasn poor pr and could not ‘hold the How Nevertheless, he was nn ablo and houest ‘ho Senate of the United Btates was then In the very xonith of ts powor. arent men who were then members of it, we nay well nny * there wero gianta in those diy: Duchanin, MeDuMe, thie f the Senntors which o the inpse of nenrly thirty-fve y Unetly eal] ta mind the personal one of those men, Rebar Ho wis a bluff but W wearing o red plush vert, paying Itty attention ta bis adress generally. but of frank and kindly manners. jn tho Indinn wars, and it was elaimed tht ho kied with his own hand the celebrated Indian ‘Tecumseh, and so ran the couplet in those 18 Wo ted to Looking to the nits, Tenn dite nppedrauce of was then Viee-Fresident, Rental old Kentucki “Rumsey dumsoy, 4 Colonel Johnson killed Teaumsch.' 1 wisn member of tho ITouso from the Kennobes District, and. us 1 had known ving at Mnllowell, I ond- dressed mysolf to him whun Ureached Woahing. 8. to the White Hor dent Van Buren. a Dutehslooting man, with act small features, but wit him well when Twas i io Ad Introduced nio to Presi+ h nn ititeliigent conto. wits courteous and polite, butecemed: reserved and diatant in bis muinners, as it, then to me. . t ns wis this visit to Washington, hows ever, young Washburne was unuble to prolong: Mt. Ho was soon reminded by the rapid deorcase An his mall honed of money that Hl necessary for him to push on, and, leaving Wash- ington, he, by slow stages, over rough roids, and making long trips on river steamboitts, at ert, fn landed nt Galena, f the Stato {n whiok be was ufterwards to becomo VL-IN THE GREA'E WEST. When Elihu B, Washbuine arrived in Ga- Jena, as I have deserthed, a young manina strange place, without friends or mancy, and with nothing to atd him jn the world except asound English edueation, much hard ex- perience, and a high resolve, no man would have been fooltiurdy enough to predict that he would, itt the the to come, grow with tho’ growth of his new home, and, keeping abreast. with the progress of the Grent West, make for himself a name known not only inthe Natlon, but throughout much of the elvilized world. Gulena, at the time In question, was atown of nbout 1,800 inhabitants, of great aud the centre of a} larga mining country. The Bar of the town was one of the most distinguished In Ill- nols, aud the young Enstern Inwyer, com- meneing the practice of his profésston among inany kKeen-witted men, found that he must do lis best If ho would sustain hhnself. his adopted’ State he soon found abundant opportunity for exerelsing the talent for po- Utica! discussion which, to a large extent, cane to him by hereditary right. He arrived at Galen shortly after the commencement of the memorable Harrison campalgn, and, be- ing ‘a strong Whig, speeches in supportof that party. ‘This sery- jee doubtless did much toward his reputatton ag a Inwyer, ihn what oventunlly proved business activity, and gajning for to bo a lucrative he was made n delegate ta National Convention, which met at re a ich with urbonnded enthusiasm nominated to the Presidency that prince of political lIenders, Henry he owas always one of most steadfast, and at the isinterested admirers, the Convention was over, ho went to Washi; ton to ave and congentulnte Mr, Clay: ‘upon tl nomltution. He had nover seen him before, an was a8 much Jipressed with his tall and striking: igure ns be was by. his wondrous and affabllity a Washburne epenk: Adegreo seldom with politicians, but at tho sume tiine so frank, straightforward, and open in his bearing that no man could for q moment believe that hile cour- tesy and affability were assumed for political effect, Hewas a gonticmnn at heart, genial and mature. After a ploigant inter- viow with him, his’ admirntion for tho great much intonaillod, Mr. Washburno raturned to Tilinols, and inthe campaign which followed mado muny speeches in fnvor of his election. Dospite bis efforts, howe Clay's stanchest, samo time most d To this day Mr, y na hav ever,—dvapite tho efforts Mhful Whigs,—ilinols went, oyer- wholmingly aguinst'Clay and in favor of Poll, “tho unknown," who became Presidunt of tho United Statos, During all this time, and while tuking so act- otitis, if must not bo assumed that Mr. Washburne neglected bla law business, Buch was not tho cuse. rapidly, and he attonded to it falthfally, Ho practiced not only in his own nelghborhoad, but: algo Intho Supreme Court at Springfield, tho State Capital, making the journey to tliat place by stage-conch, the trip occupying often four or thus absorbed slon, and devotlig what spare time he could to wy Of tho clans of othor men to Yushburne noyver thought of secur- fug for bimeclf polttient position. ever, ho wha brought forward by: candidate for the nomination for Congress intho district, by tho way, which at that time extended from Galenu halt way to St. BY Tl Convention met: at land, and in it Col, Baker, fresh from the 1 Wir, and whotnd butrecontly removed springtietd (in which district ho could not hope to succeed) for tho oxpress ig clocted to Congress, curried o| Practice incroaged In his profes: his frends ann Gulona district, VIT.<$ELEC' kD LO CONGRESS. Notwithstanding the defeat which he thus encountered, Mr, Washburne dovelopad such strength in the Convention as to make him moro.than over a prominent man in tho dis- trict, In 1853 he was aguin delegate to the National Whig Convention, and strongly advo- ented and aided In the nomination of Gen, Scott ns against the pro-slavery Influences of tho Convention.. Beenuse of this, when the Galona district was roapportioned in two years after, ho was again mentioned in connection: with tho Con- , and was nom. Jnated, runniug against the Ifon, Thomp- son Campbell, a Democrat, and tho sitting momber, ‘The district, ns it was reappor- Uoned, ran from the Mississipp! River to Lake Michigan, and {¢ was supposed to bo Democratic, At that tine, howayer, the Free-Soil exeltement ran spirit of universal Wberty whieh afterward resulted Jn untyersal emanclpation had al- etn to make fteelf and, as the sequel proved, the Frees j@ balunee of puwer in the Free-Sollers, beenuse of Mr. Washburne'’s position inthe Whi because of Mr, Campbell’ es Tegurdng the prominently felt Ja Amertean Convention, an fallure to keep certaln pled; Free-Soil_ movement, which strongly supported the former. Washburne U the district with untiring zeal, aud, greatly to the surprise of his opponents and the peoply of the State, ho wns elected by a inajority of 386 votes, Congress with. this record, and. representing as hedid what was _belluved to have been an overwhohningly Democratia Mr. Washburne was careful to foot 3 ground before attempting to make Ho did not bolivye, as do many menibers of to-day, that it was his duty, before he had well warmed lis seat, half a de wes, Which nd been prepared in advance, before a looking- ass iia private roam, lly what was being done by those around hin, and, knowing well the French provert, that “averything is posse he man who walls.” “So successful was bo in tho frat Congress to whleb he w BO Briere tila hore resent not Hiv watched eare- bo, When it agaln beenme ne neha was renominnted Dy o Whigs, Domocratyand Anti- Nebraska men, apd us a Republican was re- elected by a majority of over 5,000, next Congress, the frit regain scpsion of which commenced im 1455, and which wis known iw the Antl-Nebraska Congress, there occurred the Gver-memerable atrugglo which resulted In tho ianks. For him Sir, Washburne voted titty. nd becatise of bis aa woll porhups us of hls loyal Bunks, ho was mudo Chalrinan of: tho Committee on Commerce. ulshed himself by a fidelity to business, mn of tha dutics of ils elect a Congre: mass-conyerntion for tho Rpeukershh ection of Nathaniel. Es roy lous services, ‘broad comprehensia ‘Two year later b Congress for the third successive term, tho session of that Congress there occurred Nght ou the tloor of tho House between Gulusba A of Ponnsylyunin, and the South Care ollnu* firc-cuter,” Lawrence M, Keltt, which hapa, without oxagyeration, do called tual coniiict botwoen the North and South, and which may certainl; be mentioned aa the first indication given to the South by i atruck Grow, of Pennaylvanin, nt ho was wntking through the ale of the House, df Hepresentatives. Both represented great Btntes, The Huth Carolina telly tuokedt for an cagy conquest. ‘The South Caralina bully was tniataken, Grow returned the blew, For in moment there was consternation In the Hourc, Then other Houthorn tullles, true to thelr trudl> Heir chainplon bully, R flonk, rushed to tho ald of ut Mr. Grow, to the aurprise of tho Be ers, Was not left unprotected. Many Ni men, with strong Anglo-Saxon caring, rushed to hisrupport. Foremost iunong them waa Eh 1. Washburne, who, with sturdy atrokes of @ fist davaloped by hard toll upon a New England farm atrack right and left in the ust cnuse, und did-nueh to demonstrito upon proud South ern checks that Yankeo murleallis would Ayht, Faia little epteeela det Se. Washburne nie harin, When tho election. sucin came arin he wad nguln chosen from the Gatena distHet, by an in- erensed majority, In he waa redtected for tho fifth successive time, by n majority of 1511 tho largest majority given to nny nian in that Congres, and ono of the Inrgest given to any man who ever sat in the United Statos House of Representatives. —_ VUL-THE WAR TIME, In the next Congress, and In those which followed it—for Mr. Washburne was trhumphontly resected, term afterterm,—ho, as Chairman of the Committec on Commerce, and Inter, ns Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations, took o most prominent part, Tle was one of the first of the men who, with far-sighted Intelligence, saw that the War was not to be for thirty days, but might be for years. By hls constant service In the House, he had learned more regarding the means necessary to bring about legisiation than had any of his associates, and during all the fear- fut days from 1800 to 1865 he was looked upon ns one of tho chfef, If not the clief, man in the Nattonal Assembly who could be relied upon at all times clearly and forcibly to adyoente the needs of tha soldier in the fleld, and the necessity for prompt netion on the part of the clvil author- Itles. Ho was also xegarded ag the next friend of President Litfcoln, Indeed, tt was his duty, on: tho part of tho House, to go with Mr. Seward, on the part of the Senate, to receive Abraham Lincoln when, after his slcelidn for thie first time, he came to Wash- gion, Concerning Mr. Lincolw’s entrance to the Capital at this time, there hay been much misrepresentation,—inisrepresentation whieh could only be eleared tp by Mr. Washburne, and which now, for the first thne, is fue cleared up. It was at first arranged by the Republican managers, who, in 180i, were concerned jn “the entrance o} the President-elect to the Cnpital, and who, with many othor good citizens, feared ho would be motosted, $f not asisinate, upon hfs way, that Mr, Lincoln should jeuve Philudel- pola on it ordinary day train and arrive. at Washington in the afternoon, where le wis to be revolved by Mr, Washburne ind Senntor Beward, In nccordance with the same arrange- mient, ul the telegraph wires between Wushing= tion ‘nnd New York were ett, and hence no telegruphio comniunteation coyld bo had, At the time appolited thd two gentlemen mentlonei were at the depot, but, much to their consternation, Mr. Idneoln was not among the passengers on tho train whieh arrived. With tho iuost Intense anxiety thoy. ecrutinized tha face of ench mun as ho passed, and when the Lust one bad lefttha depot, with great alarm Seward. turned to Washburne and suid, exclted|y:: “My God, he has not come; what can havo ened? a which Mr, Washburne renssuringly repliod: “Toan't imuging, but let us hope for tho beat. It és probable thut he will bu in on tho tnuruing train, “ Will you como down with mo and mest him?" asked Scward. “Yes, of course,” answered Mr. Washburne, and shortly afterward tho two gentlemen parted. Meanwhlle tho Prealdent-olect was In Hurrise ‘burg, and attended a reception which was given to him in that city. In the course of the ovens dng, at about 10 o'elock, whilo the festivities wero at tholr hight, he slipped quietly away, and in a close carriage was convered ton spochil train in, walting for him. On this train he was taken to Philadelphia, thore making connection with tho ordinury night train between Now York and Washington. Io bonrded thit train with two companions, Allan Pinkerton, th tective, And Ward H. Lamon, With theeo gentlemen, on tho ordinary train, hoe proceeded on bls wa On tho foilowing morning, In the gray, cold dawn, Washturne, faithful to his promise, was nt the old Hattimore & Ohio Depot. Ilo looked anxtously about for Seward, but Saward had not arrived,” Fenring much, yet still honing, ho walked reatiesiy up and down the platform, Btill Soward didnot come. At length the train cue in eight, rolied into tho depot, and camo to netnnd-still, One by one the passengers began to allght, In almost an agony of ausponse, Mr. Washburne looked closely at each man'a face, looked only to be disupnginted, for the face was not that of the Hepuiican Vresident-oloct. At lust, when ho had almost. relinquished hope, he saw, from his position belind one of tho pil- Jars of tho station, three men: deacond from tho sleoping-car. One of thom, talland ngalit ye atonce recognized ae Lincoln. The President waa not clud in a Scotch capand short cloak, os has beon described by un number of writors, and ng is popularly belloved, Hu wore a black slouched hat, w short overcont, and his neck was mutiied in whut [a known 24 a woolon comfortor, Ashe came down tho platform, Mr. Washburti hastily advanced from behind rhe pillars and, extending ‘Lincoln, I am glad you havo got hore sufe! \s ho did so, Lincoln's companions rusted for- ward, ng if fenring an nsanult; but the Preal- dent, waving thom back, sald reussuringly, and with his own ee drawl, “Now, nover mind; thigis all right; it f@ only my friend ‘Waahburne," Thon, without further ceremony, the four entlemen took a carringe, which Mr. Wash- uirno bud fn walting, and rode to Willurd’s Ho- fel, Bo itwas that Abrabam Iincoln entered Washington for the flrat time after his election tothe Frsaidanoy. Shortly after tho arrival of the Presidontial party, nt tho hotel, Str, Seward camo hurriedly In. He bad oversiept himecif, but wis none tho jess happy to seo that Mr. Lincoln, had arrived. Whenhe had made bis congratulations, and it becamy evidout that the President-clect, wenried, by his Journoy, desired for atime to bo alone, Beuntor Seward fuyited Mr. Washburne to breakfust with tim at a liter hour, and the Int- ter readily consented, In thiseonnectton tt may ‘bo well to reeall the fict that Mr. Soward wag one of tho best tvers in Washington, and that, ng mny not bo genorally known, he went to mar- ket himsolf, picking up all the delicnofes which he could find. At breakfust on the morning in question he was in high gloe, and ilustrated the pecuilarly happy faculty wiseh ho bad of look jhe uron ‘the bright sido of things by excluim. “Ita allright, Washburno! Tt's all right!" “What fa all right?" asked Washbarne, “Why, TMncoln'’s arrivaly-Lincaln’a arrival, Fyeryliody tn sutistied with dt; thore won't ho bit of tronbte,” “Why do you think so?" asked Washburno, “OT Mt's wll settled, J know. “¥es, but how?" persisted Washburne, “Woll.” replied Seward, “to toll you the truth, Lhaye told all tho murket-women that ho. je here, nnd they are all, all quite satlaflod, and." he continued, “you may believe Me, Wash- burne, the opinion of tha market-women vor thoroughly {ndleutes the drift of public sentl+ uivnt. L tell you, it's all right.” IX.<THE WATCH-DOG OF THE TREASURY, Unfortunatoly, ns it ® perhaps needless to state, Mr, Seward’s hopeful. expectations, based upon the. oplulons of the market women, wero not realized, Tncoln was in- augurated, it 1s true, without bloodshed, but soon afterward the War caine on, and overy- thing was very far from being “allright” In Washington, During all the terrible days which followed, during the long and weary years of rebellion which were precipitated on the country by the slaye-holding power, Elthu LB. Washburne was a foremost figure in the council-chamber of the Nation, Ile wag again and again reviected to Congress, till at last, by reason of tho length of his coutin- uous service, he becamo the * Father of tho House.” In that capaclty he swore in Schuyler Colfax as Speaker on throe alfferen’ occasions, and swore in Mr, Speaker Blaine once, In the passage of all the great War legislation of tho tino he took an active part, and {tcan be with truth sald that no man attended more carefully to the business of the session, no man was more continuously in his seat, no manever fought, more pers alstently avery effort of the jotbyt than did Bir, Wastburne, He waa always in his placa tixhting “stoula” of every klid with a persist: onoy which was almost boric, No mon was so couvervant with the neods of the urmy us ha was,and no man did so mutch to see that thous needs were supplied. Sull, ho continually dee manded that the fuauces'of the Government abould he adinlniytered with tho strictest econo. my, and by bla steudy efforts in this direction, und by hiédotermined opposition to jobs of all ki eared tho namo of the" Watch-dug of dew Grunt, be f De, Washbi jeu, Gra ing ono of Mr, ¥ constituents;'owed “much Of Mia rune ii the arwy to bis intuence. Indved, every promo. tlon which be recolyed was given elthur solely orin pare upon the recummenduation of Mr. Wushburne, ‘The manner in which be (Gran decamo senior Brigadier-General of Vinuta Voluutcers {s now for tho tirat time narcated, Whon the Stute in question had rulwed thirty: 1x regimentsof troops, und was entitled to nie Hrigadios-Generats, President Lincoln seat to each of the Hilnois delegation, Senators and Congressmen, « personal note waking them to recommend nine inen to fill the vacant posl- ns. The delegat.on wus culled to meot in Judge Trumbuli's room, and, after somo tlie cuasion ag to the manner in which tho selections should bo mado, it was docided that tho districts should be called in thelr numerient order, that each Congresainan should namo his candidate, and that hia associntea rhould then voto for or against him, The Galen Dis trict was thy first one enticed, and in res Rpouse, Sr, Waghturne suggested Col, Grant, of aloud. ‘The Colonel waa not unknown to the other members of the dolegation, and for this ats much asp desire to gratify Mr. W very member of the delegation for him, and he was in this way unanimously recommended ng tho frat choteo of thy Btate fur one of the nine positions which the President desirad to Nl. Ay virtue of thd appenring at tho head of tho Belgadior-Generata, aa it afters ward turned out, Grant took senior rank, amt when It became necessary to ninke Major-G: rnin by promotion, Cor {he simple reason that his naine was nt tho head of the Hat asdescribed, ho wna tho first to receive the higher rank, Later on Mr. Wasbburno was instrumental In framing and passing tho bill which made U.S, Granta Licutenant-Genoral snd, subaequently, General of the Armies of tho United States, ‘Tho first postal-telegraph billever Introduced in the House was introduced by Mr, Washburne, and the bill providing for tho establishment o} National cenieteries (which became a law) was also introduced by him. Mr. Washby vuccupled the position of Chatr- man of-the Comittee on Commerce for ten years, and was Chuirman of tho Committee on ‘Appropriations for tho Inst Conzress In which hu served. He was niso a member of tho Joint Comunittes on the Library, Chairman of tho Committeo on Governinent Contriects during the War, and Chairman of tho Speaint Committee to Examino Into tho Memphis Miota in the summer of 18a, Hews also a inember of tho Joint Committee on Reconstruction, and the Chaltman of the Committees of the Whole House in tho matter of tho !mpenchment of Andrew Jobnson, Hie opposed all granta of the public lands, and all subsidies to railroad compunites, and resisted, with all his power what bo called tho PAIORE lsintive criino in history, tho bill which subordinated tho mortgaxo | o! 10 Government on the Pacife Inllrond to tho mortgage of the rafirond enmpanics, legistation which enabled the ralirond com- niesto build their ronda, keep all thoir lands, and put $16,000,000 into the pockets of the wily Inanigers, who overrode nll empaniion to their scheme of plunder in both branches of Congress, F7e lao one aed all the log-rolling River, aod. Harbor bills, and all the extravagant approprin- tions for public buildings, all subsidies for ateamship nes, and all renewals of patents. SECRETARY OF STATE, There Is reason to belleve that Gen, Grant was always very grateful to Mr. Washburne for the good service which he did film when hie was a comparatively obscure citizen, and afterward when he hadmade a name, At all events, In 1869, when he hind been elected President, one of his first acts was to ap- point Congressman Washburne to tho first place in his Cabinet. The appointment was madg in a nanner exceedingly characteristle of Gen. Grant, It Is a fact beyond dispute that, as in the case of Don Camoron, Mr. Washburno was entirely Sgnorant of the President's intention to make him one of his Svcretarles, The great Llinols Congressman, Immediately after the President's inaugn- ratlon, was sitting In his room in the Capitol, —tho room of the Cummittes on Approprin- tlons, which he took possession of after the death of ‘Thad Stevens,—and was discussing with Horace Greeley and two or three other gentlemen the probable action of President Grant in regard to his Cabinet. Even while they were talking, a page-boy enme in from the Senate Chamber, saylng: “Mr, Washburne, hereare a number of Im- portant Executive appointments.” Ar, Washburne took the paper which the Ind handed him, and, erually, to his surprise, rend nt the top of the lst: “ “To be Secretary of State, Elihu 3, Wash- burne, of Ilinols,” Turning to Mr, Greeley and the othor gen- tlemen who were present,-he sald: he question is at Inst settled, gentlemen, and, strangely enough, to be Secretary of State, President Graut has named myself? + It is worthy of repetition that Mr. Wash- burne was in this way for the first time in- formed of hie appointment. Hu hid absolutely no previous information of President Grant's intention toward himself, ‘To enter the Cubinet he reluctantly resigned his seat in Congress, and bade farewell ton cons atituency which for nearly twenty years hud honored’ themselves by honoring him. I say that ho ‘resigned reluctuntly, He did so not only becnusg he was sorry to discontinue his Congressional services undor tho old pleasant nuspices, but beentse his health would not per- mit him to perform tho duties of tho new Position to which he bid been called, Such proved to bo the ense, After short term of servico and consultation with eminent physic- Jans, ho was fully assured that tho duties of tho State Dr partmunt wire more than ho could hopo to Suint with safoty to himucif, and bo re- aligned, ‘he follo Hee ene and the Prosident on the sub- “Wasnixaton, D.C., March 40, 1800.—7» the Preatdent: When you did me the honor ta confer Upon mo the appotntment of Seerctary of Stato, 1 felt constrained to atate to you that my health would prevent mo from boldlng tho position for any longth of time. Inn alrendy admontahed thit a proper dischirgo of the dutfesof the olllep would Involve mora inbor and responstbility than Lam willing to undertake in Justice to the public interest and . If conveniont and agreenblo to you, L would be gind to have you Tut my successor it UB eATly a moment n6 You deem practicable, and you will pleaso consider this ng my resignation, to take eifcct us soon na my Ruccessor Is qualified and rendy to entor upon the discharge of tho duties of tho offite, “T néed not add here, Mr, President, bow grute- fully I appreciato tho distinguished honor you coaferred uponime by Invitlig me to become one of your constitutional advisers, “Had circumstances permitted it, Ishould have been pleased to have beon associnted with you olticially, and to have alded you as far as jnomy ower In carrying out your views in tho admin= stration of the Government upon the principles of honesty, retrenchment, cconomy, public fajth, and exact and extol Justico to al, “1 have tho honorto a eur ree ectfully, your obedient ueryant, EB. Wasuunng.” “EXECUTIVE MANSION, WABHINGTON, D. C., Mareh 11, 1800.—Jion. £. DB, Washburne, Seores tary of Slate—Dean Btn: Your resignation of the oflce of Secretary of State, with reasons for tho same, fy recelved. In accepting it, I doso with rogret that pour henith will not pore mit you to continuo in the office of in some Cab- inot position. Our personal relutiony have been such from tho brenking out of the Rabellion to tho rca day,and your support of mo tn- dividuully, und of the army and its enuse, such that no other fdea presonted itself stronger to iny mind on tho first news of my election to the Presktoney than that L should continue to have your ndyloo aud assistance, In parting with you, thorofore, Ido it with tho nasurance of continued contidence in your ability, zeal, and friendship, and with the hope that you muy soon be reltoved from the physteal disubllitios under which you have Invored for the past few yours, Vory respectfully, your obodiont eervunt. ty wr! 8. Gitar Subsequently President Grant tonderod Mr, Washburuo tio position of Mlulster to France, which hv necoptod, — XL<-IN THE MIDST OF A FOREIGN War, Whon Mr, Washburne resigned his posl- tlon as Svcretary of State, and, because of Ml-health and w desire for rest, took upon Nimself tho duties of tha Ministership to France, ho reckoned very much without his host. Indecd, ha had only been a few months abroad when he discovered that his new post was destined to prove a inoat Jaborious, {f not a very dangerous, one, Ina letter written to the State Dapartimont, uniter datu of July 10, 1870, he says, In substances “Never did tho peaco of Europe seem better asaurod than when loft urls two weeks ago, {un virtue of your leave of absence, to seek health and repose at Carlsbad, in Bo- hemia, It was not until after my ar rival at that remote and somewhat Inacy cessiblo polnt that matters appeared to be serlous, I kept mysel€ Informed as to the Progress of aventsns wellusleould up to the time of tho withdrawal of the Hohenzol- len candidature, That 1 Supposed would end the threatened trouble, but, Instead, threatening rumors followed, and on Satur- day last, the 10th Inst, lt was evident, from the meagre intelligence we reeelved, that o reat crisis had been reached, It seomed, nived, to be quite certain: thut war between Franco and the North Geriaun Confederation was inuyitable. Under such efreumstinces, Tdeemed tt imperative upon me to return to. my post of duty. Afteracontinuous fourne: of titty-two hours by dillgence and ruil { reached Parls Just night. ‘The suddex and unlooked for breaking out of hostilities between two such powerful patlons a8 France and the North Germun Cone federation Is, of cuurse, A moat startling ovent. « « » Tho fatercats of’ our own country are how so interwoven with those of Eurnpa tut wo muatfeel thoshock., Lehulldeem it my duty, therefore, to remuin at iny post, and to gathor all possible information, to by tranmuittad promptly to you for the gildanco of our Gav~ eromontin the faco of uxtuting clrouuutances, Thave spent much tine to-duy with ofetal porous in a situation to kuow the farts, In ordur oO be correctly advived in rulation’ theruto, Upon tha withdrawal of the. Houchzollern, oats didature, overytbing was ina fale way of belue accommodated. ‘Thurola no truth In the reports convorning tho “indignity. whleb tho Kl of the North Gorman Confederation offer to Benedetti, the Envoy of Frauoo. On the night of Wednesday, tho ith, ovory= tiog promised =a peacerut solution, but ‘Thursday morning, at about Zo'clock, a: ‘was recolved at tho Forel, tho French Charga d’aqul multting the seail-olicial articlo io Jlamarc! wing Is the correspondence between’ newspaper orgen giving tho North Qerman Con- federation sido of tho action of that Government In the Hohenzollern affair. 6... Saturdny, tho Hth, a apectal messenger was Mapatched by tha French Government to Berlin with this tees Juration; and while Tain, writhig thin disp Count Solis, the Charg6 d'Affaires of the North German Confederation, has been tn ta say that Count Wiamareck had telegraphed him that tho tlee of tho decliration ef war had been celved at Berlin, and directing him to turn ove tho archives of tho Einbaasy of the North Ger- man Confederation to our legation, and to leave Paris immedintely with the entire personnel of the Hien\aasy ‘They allicave to-morrow, and they will send here the most valinble of their archives, upon which [ sholl ites the aeal of this Legation, A great many things will be lett in tha Embassy, upon some of which the Count desires that our seul may be placed, and that wo shuil have unoversight of the Embnsey and tho Property lett thore, Ho requests that, (nena hore should bo danger of at attack upon the Prussian Embassy, (should put up the Ameris canting there for its protection. Ltold hin T should consuit with thy Duke de Gramont on Pouradngn xt tontching the extent of the pro- tection that France expected wo should give to that Binbassy, Whethor or not, under the nasent of France, our Guverninent, baving given (pas tection to tho subjects of the North German Cone federation In France and tho archives of Its Bin bassy, would nuthorize me to place the American Nag over the Embassy simply for ite proteetion, 4s. n question upon which I desire to be Instriet- ed by you, Itisnot yet fully known what is be tho oxact atutus of the South German Bia Saxony haa taken Its position, and the Count do Beobuch, Envoy Extraariinury aud Minister Plenipotentiary of that country near the Freneh Court, bus wlrendy loft Paris, “The Chirgé d'At- falres haa been tome this afternoon to sny that ho js requested by his sovervi¢n to nak tho aning protection of tho United Stutes for the citizens of Saxony and for the archives of that Legation ts hns been accorded to the North German Con- federation. Ttold bimto make his reque: weiting and I would apply for tho assent of the French Government, and, If accorded, I fett cers fain that T shoult be carrying out the wishes of my Government ty give the protection; and I trust this will merit your approval.” Tho approval for which he nxked was as Promptly a8 possible given to him, and without delay he put bimevif in communtention with the Frenoh Forolgn Depurtinent for the purpose of learning to what extent, and upon what terms, he could seoure protection and free conduct ont of Paris and tho Empiry for those Germans who desired ft. In performing this servies Mr. Washbtrne, as is now belleved by the most dise tinguished Juristain this and other countrics, «ld much to establish precedents which herentt: er will In Ike emergencies ulde tho diploinatic representatives of eivilized nations, ‘The ex- tent to which he concerned bitin: regurdin tho wolfure of German subjects in Frasice, an the careful study which ho give to the jaws benring upon the subject, may in some degree be gathered from an Suteresting communfeation which, under date of July 2, 1870, he addressed tothe Duke de Gramont, then the French 3 ister of Foreign Affalrs, In that epistie be a 3 “Thue the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency’s communication in me wo mineasking information fn bebalf af North Ger- min Confederate subjects desiring tw quit Freneh territory, Your Execllency’s communi- cation seems to resume the probability that nore or luas of these applicants ure desirous of quitting Franco to answer the summons of thelr own Governmont to benr arms against Franco, under the provision of the luwsof the North German Confederation, Without undertaking to contest the exultness of this assumptlon, or without undertaking to tnform your Excellency whethur uny or what portion of these uppiicants Are to bo found outside of the present timits of lability to bear arms in the rinks of the Confederation in caso of thelr return to North Dormant matters pon which I huve not particularly Informed wiveclf, you will allow me to remark, in loyat fulllilinent of the function that bay been contited te me in this re gird, that 1 was not prepared to learn tit the exception now proposed to be mada bythe Gaye ernment of his Ma, ae to tho disadvantaye of a portlén, pertinps tho largest portion, of tho ap- pileants would bo tnaisted on—viz.: that a lt Mity to perform military service in the home army constitutes a suilicient rengon for the re- fusul of the ordinury privilege of quitting for- clgn, belligerent territory on the outbreak of a war between that foroign Government and the home nution, If tho exception stated by yous Excellency {3 to constitute a settled principle of International comity—for 1 at once concede that thera 1s no question of ubsolute right, but only of comity or social civilization, Involved in the deciston In the enze of those applicante—then I beg lenvo to suggest that tho exception becomes tho rule, and that the privilexo of re- turing to ono's own country at the outbreak of @ war becomes a mere nulllty, since, of what male aubject, of whatever nye or of whatever condition of life, muy it not be affirmed that at somo time or under somo circumstances he mity bu compelted to fuln tho ranks of bis. country’s urmics In her defense, say, in some sudden ur extrome emergency? And isa distinction to bo made botween thoso countrics which lint the conscription of tholr soldiers tou vory restricted section of their population, ‘and those Goyern- ments which, like Prussin, tho United States, and perhups Switzerland, brim much tho larger proportion of thoir citizens under the reach of tho law of military service? Will your Excel- lIency allow mo respectfully to suggest that, in the fimited exanstnation which T bave been able to give to this abject, £ tnd the tne of excep, ton now. suggusted to his Majeaty’aGnvermmen: to the general concessions usually made tn favor of foreign: subjects wishing to quit belligerent territory an ‘entirely new cone. Even in fendal “times, when the ability to do military duty to the sovereign lord or King (was held in much xrenter strict- ness than nt the present day, Edo not: find that tho point wan insisted. upon of the returning lege being linble to become a baste soldier, Certainly, under ny own Goyernment, from which, perhaps, I borrow my prepossessions, the iden of any stich distinction eeems to have been Tong ance discarded. For aa curly as 1708, and whon boatillties between tho United States and France scomediinminent, l may gay, in refers ence to the departure of French subjecta from United States territory, my own Government, by formal statute, dcelured that subjects of the hostily nation who might wish to quit the United Btates on the outbreak of futuro hostilities should be allowed ‘stich reasonnble timo as inny be consistent with the pubile safoty, and ac cording to tho dictates of humanity nnd national hospitality’ and ‘for the recovery, disposal, und removal of thelr goods and effects, and for tholr departure.” (Laws of the United States, Vol. 1, p..677.) ‘Thus, your Excellency will ob- servo that tho privilege ia granted in tho moat unrestricted terms, without allusion to on — itability to render military ald to an enemy, [ noed not add that tho samo prineiplo 1s incorporated into various sith treaties of tho United States, and that tho highest American authority on public law, Cuancellor Kent, consiters tho principle to have become an established formula of mod orn public Inw. ‘Chis learned publicist, 1 may be permitted to add, quotes various Continontnt publicists, ination Emerlgon nad Vattely as upholding and ratifying tho sume doctrine. (hent’s Commentaries, Vol. 1, pager 50-09.) “1 trust that these suggestions of wt Itberal construction of tho rights of departing bulligor= ents will not be deemed tnapyroprinte ov un- tinely on my part, alnco your Excellency doves Hot Apprixo me that uny public notice of tho qualiiled restraints forcehudewed fn your come munieation have yeu detinitly been made public, and aince, from thut tiberal convession in favor of belligeront residents who do not choosy to depart which his Majesty's Govorument has uhllshed, and te which your Excellency hia al- hided, 1 deduce an anxious desire on tho part of that Government to conform, as much na At poate Ite to the militust Interpretation of tho hardship: of tho laws of war," XIL-THK GERMANS RELEASED— BLOODSHED AND nioT, By this and many other shiullarly clear-cut, logleal, and forglble appeals, Mr, Washburno atlast succeeded, practically upon his own terms, in effecting the relense from contine- mont within the French limita ot nencly all the German subjects who desfted to return to thelr own country, Writing to the Amurl- cun Secretary of Stute under date of Sept. 4, 1870, he thus modestly itells of the remark. Able success ho had in the direction tnd! ented: ‘fhe greater part of tho Qermun population has left Paris, ‘This Legation has viséd paasports and given safe conducts for yery nearly $0,000 persons, subjects of the North German Confederation, expelled from France. We lave given railroad tlekets to the Prussinn frontier for 8,000 of these people, ns well ax small amounts of money ton much sinallor nui ber, From this statement you will forn somewhat of an estimate of the umount of Jabor we have performed for tha past tow weeks, «6 5 aly. tine Is now « good deat taken up in lou! ag utter Germans who have been arrested and thown Into prison, ‘She number is very great, but my applies. tlons ure promptly attended Oo, ad thus fur every man hus been released yor whom f haye npplied?* Tho shecess which attended Mr. Wash burne’s exertions In behalf of thy Germain Induecd natives of nearly every other coun- try who needed, or thought thoy nneded, pro téotion to apply to bim, and soon thy American Legation bequn to be Fuganisll 86 the one placo ti Faru'whees puopio'uf all fltlauahities wore suf from molestation, How much stich pro. teetlun was nerded, oven ducing tho tnt weeks of the war, sniy be luterred from the following vivid description of Aa acon dn tho streets of Park, which wre write ten by Mr. Washburne nt tho Hines “some Gis aftur tho defeut of the French uriny at Wlessine borg, on the French frout(or, a4 the report a inn in the uniform uf a courier, or mes: or, rodo up to the front of the Hourw, where o fargo crowd hud alrowdy wasurutited, ante ale ered data the hands of a perwin who wis o dently his confederate what purported to bo an oilelul dispatch, und whlch gave an necount of a rout battle having been fought, ta which the renioh had beon Victorious, tuken forty guns, ‘and 25,000 prisoners, among Whom was included the Crown Prince, A spark of fry falling upon & magazine would hardly have produced a greutor exploulon, ‘The assombled multitude broke out Into the wildest shouts, and the contents of the dispatch wore Topeated from mouth to mouth, and men ranin every direction communicating the joyful Intelligence. Tho people rushed into ‘tho streets: ings were overywhoro alls- Played; men embraced and kisset each other, © shedding tears of joy; shouta, voolferations, 3: and oaths filled tho afr, and probably euch wdne 34? rium was never before witnessed, Rua Richos: - Ion, tho Bottlovards Montmarto nnd Itattens,. and tho Rue de la Palx were Olied with peoplo atngtig tho Marsciilaisa.” ‘ersbody declared that the news wita truc; thoy had scan tho aMeiat report; thore could be no doubt of ite correate © ness, Mme. fase, a dintingulebed opera-atior, wad found in the atreet, and tho crowd insisted upow ker singing tho 'Mursetlatse’ from her cirringe, which sho annie thevo tinesamid trans= porta of enthusinsm. In unother part af tho Rtreet the multitude forced ‘another distine seulshed sluger to mount to the top of an omni bus, also to sing the *Marsoltinise,’ After tho furor of the enthuse tnd subsided, somo persons bexin to augwest that it would he Well to inqittre a little further Into the nows, and of course the rosuit was that It proved to hon stupendous hoax. Tho songant once vensed, } the flags were taken {n, atid tho victims of the canard began to feel indignant. As it org .; Innted at tha Bourte, the ery was raised fn the crowd, ‘ata Bowrre’ and away tho people | went, breathing vengeanen agninat the mottoy= changers and speculators. who, {tis alinged, had tukon advantage uf the frise report to get the Denelit of arise of nboutd por contin theatocks, . Never tvore mot hanyers more stimmarily } driven out of thelr temple. Inn fow momnnts aul persona in the Hourse wero expelled. Soino. of thom. it is said, were thrown nock and heels | out of the windows and doors. In a ahort thie, © however, the ¢ ‘ttho Bourse, greatly ox- 7 Ing been made vietims of aa & directed themselves tawnrd dime, butting under the windows of the Minister of Justice. Thore thoy soutcd %: for Emily Olivier, and demanded of him tho | closing of the Bourse. from which the falso nows bad einanated, MM. Olivier roeponded in a shore und well-turned speech, closing by asking thom :} to disperse, which they did." * Not always, however, wore the turbulent ernyds of Paria to be disperred by n speceh from thy Department of Justice, Defent after defeat fell upon the French army, The Nravery and dash of tho men of * tho sunny land" were pows | erless against the machIne-[tke discipline and * fron endurance of the sons of Germinin, With Betcat camo gloom, then riot, then the bloody +, Mego of Paris, and at just the borcible rulo of the Commune. During ntl these terrible days! Elthu B, Washburne stood mantully at his pose. The reproventatives of neatly every othor for eign mintion ted in damay, fearing for their | ri The Amencnn Minister remained. Shells” mMied within © few Hi Is of his oftico, firea tiged, grent walls, ie jure, anil anctont mount inents tottered and fell all about him, bur stil ¢ he would not forsuke tho trust which his Gove ernment bid given inte his keeping. From tho windows of bis apartments he suw all Paris In Names; he saw tho streets of tho great Capital Mterally raonning with blood; he kaw men shot 4: down; ho was enluted day nuditzbt by the hoarse # yellsof drunken mudmen and by the grouns of the dying: but through every horror ho still roe junined at bis post, NULLA TERRIBLE CRIME. i Of all the horrors which he was obliged to Jive through during this terrible time, that whieh tmpressed him most deeply was the foul murder by the Comimnune of Mgr. Dare boy, Archbishop of Paris. This venerable man was arrested on the night of April t4, 1871, and carried to prison_in company with the Abbé Degnerry, tho Curé of the Mnile- Jeine, and several other priests, Shortly after the arrests Mr. \WWashburne was Informed of them, and besought by many of the well- thinking penple of Paris to do what he coukl to save the life of the Archbishop, which wag belleved to be in danger. Without hesitation he went to the Mazas, whero the prelate ¢ was conilued, Io fount him shut up in n damp and narrow cell, guurded by rude men, but still without any feur that he would be subjected to persou- al violence. Subsequently the Archbishop was removed to the prison of La Roquette, Hlere Mr. Washburne again visited him, . He found that tho National Guard delegates to te prison were drank and ready for any criine, ‘The wuarda would not periilt him to enter the cell of Mer. Darby, but allowed the Archbishop to caine out into ‘tho corridor. Ho waa very wenl and pale, having sulfered much during his confinement. Still, he wns evidently much: pleased ut-seclog Mr. Washburng,. and, greeting bit sith aw pleasant emile, said: “Loum, indedd, much obliged to you, sir, for the kind interest whieh you take In my aud enge,”” LF you not tosperk of obligution,” was Mr. Washturno'’s reply. “1 am only sorry that Jcun bo of so little service to you." ‘Thon the gentlemen talked of tho terrors of the aituntion, and tho probabilities of the spacdy deliverance of Paris. . AS Mr, Washburne wns about to lcayo, the good prefate antl to him: “You have ulways been so Food and so kind to me that if, in God's moroy, Cehall be spnrod, it shall bo my xrentest pleasure to tell of ull you. have done for ine." i : ‘Theso were tho int words ho Is known th havo spoken to guy frienily buiman being. Br. Wish durne nade Gyery cifort to securo bis retenso, but withoutavall, Three days after the conver= sation related tho Archbishop was brutally mare dered by the drunken goldiery of the Communo. Hy, togethor with the Curé of the Mndelolne, the Abbé Deguerry, and the Senator Bonjean, wore taken from thelr cella Into tho court-yurd, aod placed against tho bigh wall whioh Incloses the Sombre editice of in itoquotte. ‘The Aroh- Uishop was at tho head of tho Iino, and tho flends who butchered him had, with tholr knives, in mockery of his bigh station in the Church, seratuled a crosa on tho atone behind his head, Then, by the Hight of many torches, taking deadly aint, tho brutal rloters fired at tholr help- fos Victims. ‘The Archbishop did not fait at the frat. valley, but stood for n moniont. calm and immovable. Then rapidly ho mado the sign of tho cross. Another volley wis fired and, plereed by many bullets, he fell with his compan= lone, never te rise agnin, Afterward his body war horribly mutilated, and with those of his frienda was removed to Péro In Choise, whero thoy were thrown Intotho common tronch. From this, howover, tho remains wore subsoquontt removed, and In the end afforded decent burl: XIV.=<THE TANKS OF NATIONS, For his erole services during tho slego of Yaris and the terrible reign of the Commune, Minister Washburne received the siucere thanks of thousands of individuals whom he had alded, and of several nattons and high public ofticers, Tho German Government, to subjects of which ho was of untold beneflt, Ne particularly warm in expressions of grate &2: tude, . i Mr. Wasburne was practically the Prussian. Minister at Paris for nearly a year; was guardian of tha archives of the German En- bassy, and was charged with tha protection of all Germans and German Interests in Franco during all that time. Independently of being churged with the protection of Prus- sians In Paris and France, ho wis equally charged with protecting the persons and property of other nationalities, ns followas Saxony, Iesse-Grande-Ducale, Saxc-Cobourgy Gotlu, Portugal, Mexico, Dominican Ree yublte, Uraguny, Costa Rien, Ecuador, Chill, Muragin ‘enezoulu, Ronmanta. A very considarnble avené in tho earllor days of the slege was the sudden appenranee in Paris of Gen, Burnside, now United States: Senator for Rhade Island, and Paul Forbes. 3 Tn one of dls letters to Mr, Washburne, Rise marek was inclined tu claim some credit: for his Hborallty In allowing thesa two disttie ,¢ gittshed yonitomen to unter Paris, but states thar “nia liberality of ours has boon rewarted Dy those imurs you have beon kind anough to send mo. Rome thu nfter tho oloxs of tho war tho me Perar Wilhelm, conferred upon Sir, Washburne hy Order af tho Rod Engle, ona of tho highest within bis gift, and acconipanied it by 1 Jowoled starof great Valuo and oxquisit workimanehip, This, because of m constitutional provision which ppobibits United States Ministers frum. Recepink. foreign orders. bir, Washburne. was compoliod to decling. Stl, desiring te ahow to him aume murk of Appreclation, tho Emporor, onthe eve of bia departure tor Amarica, sent him his portrait. aveompunied by tho following: Jotters, which wiil fully oxplain thonisel ve * Fonnign OF¥icK, LIN, Sept. 4, 1877.—Tho undersigned discharges an agreeable duty in sending to the former Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Ploujpotentinry of the United Status of Amuricn ta the Fronch Republie, Mr, * L. Washturns, a lotter of bie Mae jesty the Emporor and Kh our = most ructous master, which bug just been reocived rom_ the Jmperial Court at Castle Nouruth, near Dilaxeldort, aod with whieh hia Mujesty tng been ploased to ‘send bls portrait. Hoping thas, the portrait, which bax been sent to Leuman, ay buve come into tho possession Of Sr, Wishe burne, ond thet the tnulosed most grubioug letter may reach ita destination before Mr, Weauburne leaves the Europoun Continent, the undorsigued nt thy sume tn wislies Me, Wishburao x bupp: Journey tobis native land, anu that aftor the HA Ulechurge of his arduous duties bo may onjoy a jong and blessod repose in bls nutive country. With these wishes, in which all Germany, fo gratoful remombranve of tho debt which they owe to dir. Waabgurne, beartily unite. tho une doratqnod begs dre Wishbunie again ta receive, the asaurunce of bis bigh eaten. ‘The Seorutury of State of the Forulyn Ulico, V. BuLow " elutter of the Emperor, wentioned by the Gorrnant Mtnlstar. Ja couched jn tho fallowlug: moat cordial term © BEURATH, Sept. 7, 181T.—o Mr, B18. Waahe voy. Hxtranrlinary, elo. of the Duan xvatlent dure, Ul now United States to the French Republic—My Mu. Wasnuunng: After you bive beon recalled from your pst as Ambussudor vf tho United States at Party, and as you aro wbout to return to your uative’ pountry, [ take occasion to ro. how ny ucknowledgients, already personally expressed, of tho aca! aud duyotion with which eee under dificult stances, protected the + erman interests during the Geruan-Prench - f war, ASA tustinony of my grutitudy 1 sond, ‘ou my portralt exeonted In oll, You will please rocelve the samo as a remembrance of the eventful time during which you hive boon {n'a position ta render bouefvial and eiiciont servy