Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 6, 1880, Page 12

1 : rari’ se | th t i THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, MARCH 6, 1880—SIXTE NEW PUBLICATIONS. A Musical Library. DUTAON & 00. from time to tims gathge to: wether their best. choierst, most anecosstnl, and pop Nar places of phaot music, and bind them’ in hands Humes of from 20 4 ee. Galle thay contain nearly nil tho really mala ever pnolished. Sepneately considered, Onck book Ie Independent of the uther, and hulls tho best nonea OF pinces Of ita kind, The very moderate cost commends them, Price in Boards, $200; Cloth, 61.40; Gilt, KO, ‘The following are the TOCAL Becks only: Bunsbine of Seng. 6 popular Bonxs. World of Rone. Eons, Great variety. Gerae of Engttah Bong. TSongs. New book, Honschold Metodtes.-2yalx 17 Songs, ‘Moore's Irish Melortes, 10) famous airs. Sliver Chord. 10¥ongs. Gems of Germann Song. 10 German Gems. Scottteh 1@) Beattinh Gemma, Gnered “110 0f tha best, Shower of Penrls, stenpltat Ducts, ‘Wreath of Gems, 1% Soney, qnite raridd. Bllver Wrenth. Mfours, Duets, and Trios, peratic Itenrle, 14 favorite Opera Bonge, aatenl Treasure, Vocal nnd Instrumental, « Any book matied, pust-free, for above prices. LYON & HEALY, Chicago, ill, OLIVER DITSON & CO,, Boston, We Witt Publish March 18 REY, DR, GIBSON'S NEW BOOK, THE FOUNDATIONS, Square iG.un. Price, oe wu CONTENTS: Clonring, the Ground—The Witness Within—The Witness Writhontstavelntion of t BS lluman Life—Credeniiais of the Uhrist—Silracies a jpiectte tyne ties a iinoh the f aie ie oh Hronghotd of Unbelluf-—The Stronghold of Faith, Wo Mave Hecently Published Life of Benedict Arnold’ ingersoll nnd Moer Terbin’s ‘Melle and the Moy Beving’s Motives of Lite’. - 1.00 ER Sold by alt booksulleis, ur malled on recelpt of price by the publishyrs, JANSEN, N'CLURG & CO. AN7 & 119 State-st., Chieag JOHN. SHERMAN, (READY MARCH 15.) A LIFE OF TION, JOHN HITERMAN, Becretary of the Treasury; containiug adelniled ecount of hls Iife und puvite services, Jy Hoy. 8. As BnoNson, 1.1, , " The author ts pecutinrly well fitted forthe work ho has chigon, from hiv lung acquaintance und close per. penal relations with the distinguished Sevretary, and ita preparation has bad throughout Str, Sherman's improve H.W. DERBY & CO,, Publishers, Columbus, 0, Amo. Cloth, Price, $1.00, Bont, postage prepaid, on receipt of price. t2- AGENTS WANTED, SAN FRANCISCO. Tho Situation Stil] Critical. Ry Telegraph to New York Hernld, SAN Francisco, March 2—Accounts weee wired from here tothe Enstern papers on tho %th of February, Intended to have tho effect of vreating tho impression that the situation was not so bad as represented in the telegrams to tho Herald, It was also stated in tha dispatches referred tothata good deal of tho incendiary talk of tho Kearnoyltes, white calculated to wlarm timid peoplo, really signified nothing; that the threats of tho “hangman's noose,’”” “ wholesalo murder,” etc, wero merely motao- phorical, On the rame day dispatches emunnt- Ing from the samo sourcu’ wore telegraphed to ‘the Pacific Couat papers ns follows: ‘cb, %.—The city is threat- A riot may brenk out tters. Four hundred polices men, well drilicd and thoroughly instructed, aro ready ata moment's notice. From the National Guard companies bave been selected with great care, who can be relled upon to obey the orders of the Citizens’ Committee. The Federal forces In garrison at Presidioand the forts in the bay ara ready to codporate with tho civil authorities, If aconilict beyins it will resultin the speedy death ‘of Kearney, and overy other prom{nent leader of tho Sand-Lotters, th Kearney, Wellock, Kalloch, and Gannon are well aware of this. W! yy Bald last Tuesdiy night about the probabilities of his death is gon- erally believed bere to be based Spon tangible facts. Therefore theso Icaders of tho Sand- Lotters will In no riot, and when tho killing begins they will probably be out of the way.” Residents In tho East buve very lite {dea of the conditions of affalra In Ban’ Francisco ao- cially and tnancially, ‘Things were bad euongh brior to tho arrival of Kearucy, but ho bas sunk them bad to worse. It is an open secret that men of wenlth feel no security. They would gladly move tholr inter- cats if thnt wero posaibic, Some of them are In process of changu; others wait but forthe op- portunity, That there 1s more or less feeling about tho Chineso, is unquestioned; but itis worse than folly to attrivute the condition of bor to thom. In the tirst place, thore are comparatively few Chinese in San Franctaco, and thero will soon bo fewer. Tho agitating clement utilizes popular prejudice against the Chinese for their own purposes, io Chinese do notinterfere with white Libor. Tho whito agitators do not work, and do not desiroto work, And, if they did wish to work, capital {a nfrald to omnploy them. No enne man thinks of builit- ing houses. Fonsequently, thoro Ja no demand for common laborers or skillcd workmen in that ald. {f tho law prohibiting corporations from cm- loping Chinamen is enforced. tt is probable tho milla will be stopped, During tho tush thines and bigh prices of the War, California capital wont oxtensively into all kinds of mane ufacture, and achieves Pronounced success in many directions; but, when prices depreciated inthe Yast, the San Hrayclsco markets weake ened, and now nothing of any oxtent is under. ‘aken. Tho waxes of servants continue ridicus loualy high. Women cooks cual! t from $10 to $0 a month, and “help” of nll kinds obtain to work in $0.0 month, Servants are unwilito; familles whore but one servant fs kept, and, Tuther thun necept low waxes, board in town and wait for what thoy want, Thoy encournge each othor in this, and oncourage the lnzy ugitators also by gencrous donations in timo of need, On men of smali means or smull salnries this burden fs grievous. ‘Their one chance far re- Nef isthe Chinnman, A ilkely Chinese Ind will wash, cook, sweep, mnko bads, and take care of children, for $10 or $12 w month, and do tt well, Of inte tho disturbnnees have become go Tmarked, and inen of position, espectilly men of capital, have been su wantonly abused and mute to uncasy, that something hud to be done to counteract tho rulnous polley of the ne'er-do- weel. The Vigliance Voromittco sttil tives, and its eMeacy noone doubts. The simple fact that Mr. Coleman, the old-timo President of thut redoubtable organizuuon, made an informul call on ace Kalloch bad its effect. San Franciscans breatho moro freoly, while Kearney and his senacless followers “roost lowor" by fifty degrees already. Sound business men regard tho sltuntion with profound anxiety, it io Nght between honest inausery and fannticn! Ineés. ‘Tho tranips baye ruled in Ban Fran olsco for years, and men are now ullve to the faot that that rulo. must be broken or rufn will bo at thelr doors, HUMOR, ‘The fathor of twins Js a botanical curloalty—n double poppy, as it were, Domestiu bilas—Kissing the maid of al! work, Domestic biister—When the man’s wife sure rises bim in the act, “That's a frustrate flea,” sald the anxfous father, when ho shrewdly ‘devised bow to pre vent tho auticlpatod clopement of his daughter, 3f you wish to marry a lady whom it won't coat you much to au port, don’t elect n burlesque actress under thy finprogston that she won't cos~ tume much, A Western slcoping-car was recently enter- tained with the sigut of a man beating his wife, 3ome men bave the rure faculty of making them. delves at home anywhere, Au Ohio girl sued aman for breach of prom: Iso, and proved him euch a ment seouadret that tha jury decided that she ought to pay bin something for not murrylng ber, A Califoroien’s matrimonial advortleemont winds up as follows: “Fortune nu object, but should require the gul's relations to deposit 1200 itt mie usasccurity for her good bos A Indy one day wrote to ber absent busband the following lotter, which inay be quoted as a model in tte way: “write ta you because [ pave nothing todo; Yend because f hav noth: ing to aay.” wo It is suid of Sir Teaac Newton's nephew, who w ‘lerzyman, thut he alwuys refused a ware rago-fee, sayluy with much pleasuutry: “Go your way, poor childrung T have done you inis- thief ysrouge already without tukiug your money. Ine rural district of Vorfurshire a young plowtdan unoo went courting on 4 Saturday aight. In valu bo rucked bts braln for some ine weresting twpic; ho could cull up no subject lultable for tho occasion,—not ony sentoyce sould be utter, and fur two long hours hu wit in vilent despatr, The rl herself wae equally Heats sho had no doubt remembered the teuch- Ing of the old Scotch sony, * Man imaun be tho Brot ta speak.” und she eat patiently yoqunting bun with demure surpriso, At last John sud- denly cxclatmed, *Jeany, there's a feather on " *Ewadua wondered if there had plied Junto, * Lor dye bron sittin’ w nicht” rin the States LETTERS AND SCIENCE, An English Work on Reciproc- ity, Bimetalism, and Land- Tenure Reform, The Law of Bailments—Leonardo da Vinoi—Tales of the Ohesa- peake, Natural Science and Rellgion—Natural History—The Wheeler Survey— Faith and Character. History of New York—Books Recelred— Magazines, Mlerary, Art, and Sclentifle Notes. Honaparte's Literary Judgments—Tho Topophone—Edison and His Light, LITERATURE. RECIPROCITY, BKIMETALISM, AND LAND-TENURE REFORM. Mr. Wilson [s nut a cheerful philosopher. He looks too much upon the dark aide of things. Ne sees England {nu troutted condition, beset by physicians who clalmesch and all to have the vnly cure; and he jmagines her tu bo doomed, —to be almost beyond all bopo of sale vation. And so, when demonstrating tho abso- lute {nutitity of each remedy proposed, and ad- vocating his own theories for a restorntion of prosperity, he acts with n faint heart; be antici- potes being told that his remedies are worso than the discnae; he prophesics fallure while advocating euvcess, ‘Reciprocity and Bimetal- ism" are tho two remedies which English statesmen, according to Me. Wilson, proclaim to be the pannecn for the {ls of the body politic. ‘Tho firat our author regurdsas a virtual aban- doument of “Free rade"; and the second be talks of very much ns though it wero ” “pestl- lent heresy.” In Land-Tenure Reform ho finda away out of the trouble; but it must by a dif- ferent reform from that guncrally advocated. Here be bns his own theortes, and places himself with those doctors whom some other writer will berenfter call empiries and other unpleas- antnames. Notwithstanding o seml-quorutous: tone, @ proneness to satire, without frst proving contrary facts, and sume, as it seoms tous, altogether tev dogmutic reasoning, we find much to commend in this work of Mr. Wilson's, Tho fucts quoted are valuable and Interesting, even when We fail to agree with the author In tho conclusions drawn from thelr application. The work gives evidence of great reserrch and atudy, of fatnfllarity with polltico-economia theories and discussions, and of much thought in connection with the subjects trented. It is a book worth rendlug: and, as Americans, we may. tect grateful that nn Englishman has made usof so much importance ns n factor in tho depres- sion prevalent In bis own land, Britons are apt to underrnte us. Afr, Wilson inclines to tho other extrome, and {n somo instances overrates our intluence. But we have no bono to pick with him on that account. Wo regret to sce some careless proof-reading, Itta only just to dd that many of tho chapters have bean previously published {n an Eogtlsh magazine. “Few things havo lately been calculated to oppress the mind more heavily than the trou- bled state of English {ndustrics,and the con- fuged {lens to which that stato has givon risa, Mon wont to faco tholr difficultics manfully, scum to bave given way to a kind of despair, and clutch wildly at whatever promises a quick and easy way outof thelr distress, . . . Tho ery, in short, is, 'Frea Trade In theory, but in Practice Heclprocity!’ That !s tho new word which {s golng to charm back to us all our wan- ing prospority. As yet only a word, we may soun expect to find {t a political cry; and, un- leas the country ts wiser than it has lately shown itself to be, from a cry {t will probably pass Into Q living, working policy, . . . Stuplility fs still, alas! a most powertul factor in mundane efairs, and, tho more stupid a pooplo fs, tha more cusily will it follow a more gound. , . . Many thinga combine to make this contingency: leas remote than Itaeemed but a fow months ago, First of all, the Government wants moncy, 8 great deal of money,—ne {is the custom 0} Tory Governments; ‘secondly, tho landlords want to maintain tholr rents, at last threatencd by the action of Free Trade, euperndded to bud harvest; falls many of the furmurs nre not unlikely to say that thoy want tho game thing as the landlords; and, finally, the manufacturer and shipper wanta larger foroign trude, which they sccm in many cases to imugine *Reclproc- ity" will give them.” And Ieciprocity means Retaliation, This is the interpretation put upon it by Mr. David Mactver, M. P. for Birkenhends und Mr. Wilson adopts it, nud proceeds to exposo its fullncics, According to Sr, Maciver, En- gland Js to any to ber colonies, “Give up your protective tariffs, or we will shut out your riw Produce.” ‘To tho French ihe must aay, “None of your wines can comu bere anless you take in exchango our lineu, woulen, aud cot! to any extent we choose tu rend thei Untted States the measure would be, iron and machinery, and our ehi; Take our our manufuctured tissues, , or keep your bread and cotton to yourselves.” It tukes very little thought to sew tho absurdity of any euch system, or the remar! ably nature of a tariff ndjusted to sult thedlifor- ent nations of the world. Yet Lord Bateman advocated the samo prinesples of Reelprocity. as Mr, Staclyer, with what Mr, Wilson fs plenséd to term “a childlike, hopelesiy muddle-henaded adroituess.” The polnts advanced In favor‘ of Siesinineitys” na itis termed, are well met by Mr. Wilson, aud ho brings facts and figures to reinforce bl skirmish lino of theory, Wo cannot bere follow him as claborately as we should like to, Dut somo pf the paragriphs re- forring to the condition of American industry ore worth quoting. Alludiug to our cotton and woolen manufact- ures he suys: ‘All those American Industries are highly* protected"; and, a8 a reault, thelr prosperity,” when it docs ‘fully como, {8 of Yery preonrious kind, as it surely must be eo jong wy the cost of every manufactured article fa blxbor than it ts here’ by from §0to 180 per cent. In other words, tho Amorican people pay this tax for tha privilege of weurlng home= mute goods of inferlor quulity, but costing ox- travagunt sums, and tn order thut n few persons iuay bayo a procurious vbunce of making aturtune, . . . Trtention hus never onabled the Statea to build up an export trade worth mentoutng in mimifactures; and wo havo « tolerably atrong practical proof that Hee tallation is not the potent. medielie for the dis- tressed manufacturers of England which Recl- procitariaus muke it out to bo, . » Tho progress of the United States has, in short, buon in spite Of thuir tarif, not becuureok it... Had Rurupe had the bapolucsy of enjoying bountiful barvests, instead uf bud ones, anee 1875, there would huve been a condition of pros- tration imanifested to-day by tha United Statea that would have Deon a spectacle ta. the world, Her tarl® would have diuppeured before tho glaniors of in needy demucmicy, . . 4 Pru teotlve tartify wlways mean disensed industrica.’* And 'Heclprocty, or tetnilution, ie then dle Tnlesed by Me. Wilson with tts Mond comment: # These tiets ail poluta. sariaud moral for the work- people of England, We have strtyed fnto extravagance on all bands, shortening unduly tho hours of tutor, increasing wages, Incrwasing the consumption of drink, and bave’ trusted. to truditional superiority, or toa fetish belief in the mysterious powor of Freo Trude perse, rathe er thin to diligence, porsoverance, and thrift, foamalntnin our pobition at the head of the manufacturers of the world. Without: copying the butter tudustrlal hubite of our rivals, we could, to suy the ivaut of i, do nothing to revive bur trad by juvitating tholr coufesedly bad policy, The Gospel of Bimetaliam" next receives Mr, Witaon's attontivn; and Mr, Berd. Mr, Lange bey and Air. Willison are quoted aa laying the wholu blame of tho present tride-depression an the crror of England in bilndly adbermy ta “alngloestandard money, Whileridivuling Bl- mmetilisn, aid ciniininy the fucts to bo “dead against the bimetalists,” Mr, Wilson is frank vnough to admit of the theory that ‘Logically it is not at wil a weak thoury elther, Wr you grant their premisos, whe 1 do not. I admit that thers Ia much ficoberent nonsense in the customary tuk ubout gold standards and silver standurds of value. In a purely arudetal sense, ft ts competent for any Nation to erect one ur other, or both, of these metals into *staudards’ for itself at fixed ratios Of value.” Hy alyo saya, further on, that “The true source of tho existing depreasion 1a ored! intlution, or, iu plain English, excessive debt Hoth tetallatory Turis and ‘Binendlism being remadios * of 4 Wind that would convert 9 slow decline tate a gulloplug consumption,” he dis- lnissva thon, and sccks to discover whut hulp is tobe found {u Land-Tenure itetorm, ‘Tho subject is our food-supplics, and their capucity to buts taxation. Cun the Nation bear the strain which @ tix Upon food-Importe would imply?” Every year our dopendence ‘upon foreign food-grafny, foreign beef, mutton, and bork, and fresh veyetables aad fruit, divresses, Sieen tp te total value of our food-imports bis risen io tweuty years’ tue from about £58,00.00) to over o. Other words, we {ine Ported In 1857 about 18644 worth of forulgn foud Per bead of the population; and we now import ore than £3 worth. population has neo R {are but tho value of imports tine grown fully 177 per These ara the statements of an Englishman speaking to hisown people, and. ther are aul. ciently pacing. And ho adds that the stock of cattle, the yield of grain, aud the area under gratn have been deereasiag, while the perma. Tent pasture-Innd has been steadily inereasing, Wehave become familiar of late with the sub- g Tho Increaso in ent in twenty tho = fond. cent.” x ' ‘ot of Britiah Land-Tenures. Asa writer in tho ‘ortnightly Revie atated it, “Our whole Land- Byatem, from beginning to end, is now tending tothe impoverishment of landlonis, tents, Jaborera, andl consumers alike.” Rent alone, tn Dine Instances, absorbs the farmer's capital, and [andlords will soon be obliged to assent ta many FeFurieh ‘The land mitst be given back tu © people, ‘ Tuthis partof the work Mr. Wilson ts disonr- five and given to repetition. What {s really tho moat important partos the buok ia too dfftuse and rhetorical But he mates a strong pros sentation of his cnee where he chime that part of the rent should bo mppropelated far the good of the Btata—!.c., tnx the rent and untex tho tenont. Tax gume-preserves an), paw parks, ‘Thits would tho Innd fall Into the bands of men who would devote thomeelves to its tillage, and encumbered estates would be brought tuto the market. This Is a radlest euro; but reform in this matter, to be effectual, must be rudieal, A forced sutiivision of the soll appears te bea neceasity. For, as Mr. Wilson says, “A fow more sensons Iike tho present would hurry uy Into Revolution.” einallys thun, the remedies suggested aro BuInined Up About as follows: 1, Moditleation of the custom of Entail, 2 Abolition of the law of Primogeniture. 3. Repent of right of Distraint and the law of } theca. . PPostitution of acheapand eficleat system of Da ininnup of titles, 5, Abolition of landlords’ game-monopoly. 6, Security to tho tennnt for linprovements ef- fected on the soil or ay i Institution of on int. * Our country,” says Mr. Wilsou, 1s full of what may be called the primary clemonts of Rovolution. A few more senrs of ‘dull trade: continiunce of the declining yteld of tho gal the advent of now troubles In Todia or in Enstern, ‘uropo, involving us inn costly and bloody wars or the temporary bankruptey of a few of our Colonies,—any ono of these not improbable events might be suficient ta precipitate the avalanche whose fall would sweep Land-System and landlords at once out of existence.” Ani in ‘the Poetseript he adds: * Baglend—great, wealthy bugland—has more tihabltanta etther abactute paupers or hoveriny on the confines of pauperis, han any country of equal elvitizution on Earth.” We bave given a good deal of space, to this last work from the pen of tho nuthor of “ The Resources of Modern Countrics " and of * Bunk ing Reforin,” because it treats of topics to whieh our attention will be more and more di- rected from day today. If nota great work, it fa written care, The writer * strikes from the should and tells pluin truths, which must be exceedingly unploasant reading for some, if not for the wasority of Englishmen. And his chapters) on Land-Tenure Reform and the condition of Land-'Tenures uro not ex- Aggerated, * Rent" cannot ba abolished. It must be paid to somo one, inone form or an- other, The guod of the nation—or, ns wo say in Amorict, “the greatest gow of the greatest numnber"—Is the true rule of action. Whethor Mr. Wilson's statement, that Mr. Parnell's agltas ton fs the most serluusdrawhack tothe progress of real Land-ticforin, !3 strictly true or not, is open for discussion, (Reviproelty, Blmetatism, aad Land Tenure 8. ucinberet-Estates Reform. By Alexander J, son. London: Mactuillan &Co. 1 vol., 200 pages, Price, $2.25.) THE LAW OF BAILMENTS, Law su progressivo science. Its principles may not vary, but their Interpretation is subject tochanges. An nuthority to-day ts superseded by another to-morrow, And to keep pice with the varying doclsions, to follow up, trace, and mnko manifest the present law, requires con- stant labor. Old standards become seml-obso- Ieto, and we must look far the listest decision of tho Supreme Court rather thnn tothe first enun- eluted principle. And tu this complicuted scl- ence of Juprisprudence, the Inws of batlments and of common carriors play an Important part. Not only that, but tholr importance increases daily, more rupldly perhaps thon that of any other branches. Mr, Schouler~a writer on legul topica of acknowledged ability, and whoso work on “Tho Domestic Relations” {3 still a standard—hns conferred n service upon the Bar by hia last work on “ Ballments, Including Com- pion Carriers." Angell und Story, Holt and Sle Sanwuel Jones, have been the authorities hither- to consulted, nor ds it at all probable that a new work on tho sume subject will lead to their belng shelved: but we ngree with Mr. Schouler in this conclusion, that, ‘While tho primitive writor hus the advantuge of legal Principles In their almplicity, one who presenta tho law in its maturo state draws from fr mo: copious sotrees, and tnuy pleture our jurispru dence more falthfutly, gud as men ot the day swish to sec It, confused as many of ita features ar appenr.” Tn other words, the atttdent must. atl read Story, but tho practitioner will want Anyelt and Schouler, Bailment law hrs yrown rapidly, and this ts ue in great mensure to two suclal contrivances of modern dato: tho delivery, capeeinlly ns cole lnteral security, of fncorporcal kinds af persone ty,and the appliance of steam to transporta- ton, These are claborntely discussed and np- plied by the author. jevts to the use of tho terns Deposit and Stundatum where Bailment fe for the batlor’s sole benefit. The objections stated are three: 1, Thut It isa trans. Planting of foreign terma which do not bring thelr full foreign tavor. 2. Tho division {4 not logical, U. Both words in the pemular,ar oven in tho legnl. English sense, may import something quite unlike 2 Builment. These same ob- Jecttons would apply to many other law terms. The chapters devoted to the Jaw of Common Carriers are timely, and bring tho decisions down to within, two “years. Probably those chapters will require revision within five years, HB wo do not neree with Mr, Schouler that every twenty years ts often enough to rewrite a work on £0 fluctuating a tople, The, author frankly acknowledges un apparent iuexactness in the statement of legal principles, as though rules are honeycumbed by exceptions, and ona legal doctrine ubsorbs anothor.” This is attrib. uted to actual uncertuinty among the courts re- Ported, which, in the otfert todo equnl justice und extend familiar ries to the complox and inultiferin trangactions of modern life, are al- ready nding it bopeless to compress the close relations of society und business into legal Dioxins." 1A Treatise on the Law of Hallments, Includ- ing Carriers, Innkeepers, and Pledge, By Jamea Schouler, Hoston: Little, Brown & Co,” Chica- go; Cullnghan & Co.) LUONANDO DA VINCI. This {9 the firat, we belleve,in the English sorivs of * Iustrated Blographies of the Great Artists," and it ty the work of Dr. Juan Paul Rlehter, and translated by Mr. Percy B, Pinkor- ton, The wuthor cluims superiority to the other lives of this artist,—those of Biano, Clement, Heaton, and Brawn,—in that bo bas had access to Leonania’s own unpublished documenta, 1t {srathor singular that Leonardo probably ex~ celgall other contemporancous artista in the nutuber of spurious pictures attributed to bim, for he himself painted comparatively very Uttle, There is very little kuown about this aortlar, and the art-bletorlan has a dificult task in attenipttiig to nasign Lim bis true position. We doubt very mush Whether Dr Richter bas uot gene too far in plucing bim aide by sido with Michel sngulo ond Haphinel. Leonardo stauds alone in the history of art as one who both conceived and realized tden which were wholly tndependent from the a que. Inall bis pupers nnd writiigs he never uotes the antique adn menns of Instruction for tho urtiat. Leonard was the firt who yontured, tw base all urt-inatruction oxclusively and on- urely upon tho study of Nature. Ho hinparta to. tho ‘Qgures in his canvas a grace and c senal- Ditty: at ones strunge und wnieeountivle. The charm of Leonardo's pictures 33 reserved tor kre ably wholly to discern aud appreciate those subnie aml) hidden mewntigs with which bis works are chirged.” ‘The painter Lomuzzo sild of him that" Hle coloring was kubordinate to a grand wtyle of drawing. In the tovhnicul management of his pletires ho care> fully inteusites and re transparent the Uaht and shade by successive xlazings,” Portuguese artist says of hin that “i fo was the first who boldly valnted shadow.” He was Tond of drawing grotesque heudly; uttended ox~ coutions that he wight study tho ‘tanial contore Hons of criminals when in their death-throea, Ve waa n deep atudent of Anatomy, and wrote valuy on *Patuting, ead the Mov mnenta of the Body.” Onn of his pres, cepts in pat ws graphically descettead wreat trut! erspective ia’ to palntlig what the bridle 0 4 bordy, and the rudder to aship.” No other old author has left 6o many. Manuscripts; but, us he wrote from right to lett, they ure very bard to decipher, 1tia eurlous to Hote that in the “Codex Athinticus" there is a sketch by him of 8 steum-caunon; and ulsoa note In which he expresses his frm conviction That, with the help of steam, o boat could be act in mation. We also tind drawings of 1 breech= Jonni cannon. His guidiug principle, a8 exe reasedl by binuelf, was, that— W Wo vannot do as he desires, must do MWhat Hes within bis power, Vain itt fo wish what cannot be; tho wite man bokts That from such wishing be must free bimzelf,!* His ie erie fy his west famous work, although (bis "Mona Live” and “Hatte uf nip cho well known, Baus tient uci. Hy Jean Paul ¥ichter, Serimier & Welford, Lone Marston & Co, Priov $1.45.) TALES OF THE CHESAPEAKE, George Alfred Townsend, better knuwn io the Journalistic world as “Gath,” has published a collection of pooms and short stories with tho not {nuppropriate tite—since they ure all luld in the saine locality—of “Tales of tha Chesi- Peake." Sir. Townsend is at home when dealing In pure fiction. His imagination ts full of od conovits, which he bas embodied in these differs ent storios, The prose ta tn tnany places strong, and tho working out of the ota woll, waauagud, Whether there ure avy tacts at the bottom of theso welrd and fenciful “tales,” ts not stated. a “Tho King of Chinco- onus. are really quite thrilling, and show considerable skit In charncter-palnting. Tho: are clover mngazine storice, where tho action fs concentrated Into a ehort apace of time, and tho incltente are neewssurily limited. The alatog ts sometimes brilliant: the themes suffloiently viried to ult all tates; the views of solemn things those of a inan of tho world; the style In- cinive and clear; the stories nover tedtons, “artotype’ in the beginning is sald tu be a speaking likeness, and the buok Is nently gotten up by the publiahers, (Tales of the Chesapenke. Br George Alfred Townsent. Now York: American Nows Com- pany. Price $1), NATURAL SCLENCE AND RELIGION. Dr. Asa Gray, of Noston, la among tha few original investigators in Science in thiscorntry. Mis epvolu! devartmont ts that of Hotany, but ho ia well pustod in genernt Sefence. He is, at tho snino time, no menn philosophers and, withal, ho {sn firm believer in Divine Kevetatton. Dr. Gray hus recontly deliveret, by request, two lectures before the theological students of Yalo University, on “Natural Sefence and Itellgion.!* He fean Evotutionist, and adopts In part tho hypotheres of Darwin. In tho first tecture bo Drerents whut. he conceives to be the present position of advanced Sctenco in relation to the doctrine of Evolution. In the second lecture bo constders tha relations of Evolution to Retigion. He 14 wie enough to ndmit that the doctrine of Evolution is na yct only a hypothesis; but be imnintains that ft explains more facts thun any other theory, and 1s, thorefore, prob- ably tid. In this he fe not in nevord with tnany: able philosophic and setentitic men. But, ns ho anys. the drift among scfentife men ts in the di- rection of Ryolutiont: and the skepticnt sclentists regard it ns sutticiently wellestablished to bo made tho basis of oauice. objections against Rovealed Retigion. Dr. Gray however, tloes not bellove that, if the Evolutionary othesis were proved, it would involve noy necesatry conilict with the Bitle, On this point he makts the following well-cousidered’ ree marks: “It -[Selence} deals in effects and cuures. anil knows nothing of ends, It bas no verdict to render against our ease.—for it dots not entertain It, and has no Juriediction under which to try it. “But its wiser Judges do not In- sist that theirs ts the only court in the realm. We have not to go beyond Nature for 9 juris- dletion, which may be Hhened to that of Equity, Alnee it enforces speeitic performance, | an Which ndds to causes and effects tho considera Hon of ends.” Again le observes: "Our wills, in tholr limited degree, modify the courso of Nature, subservient though it ha to fixed jaws, By our will we make th laws subserve ourents. Wo momently violnte the uniformity: of Nature. But we do not violate the Iaw of tho untformity of Nature, [sit not legitiuate, {9 it not Inovitable, that n beng who knows that he fg 0 will, and w power, should explain what ho seca aromud and above him by the livpothosis of a Mligher aud Supreme will—a Will which has deposed things in view of ends ‘hy establishing Nature, nnd which may, tf tived be, dispose to particular and thned ends, elther with or with- out perceptible suspension of tho Inw of tho uniformity of Naturo?" And tho objections to this view he ably answers, We cunnot say that wo are prepared to indorso Dr. Gray's opliifons {n regatd to the probable truth of the Evolutionary thoory. But, con- sidering the bearing of his two lectures: upon. the alleged contilct of Natural Sclenee with Revealed Keligion, we regard them ns among (ie most valuable recent contributions to the enoral discussion of this important subject. ‘ho spirit of tha lectures {s thoruughly scientitic, and also Christian; and we henrtily wish that every skeptical eclentist would carofully rend and © inwardly: igen them. ‘The volume cons aists of only 111 octavo pagos, and may be ensily rend In threo hours. (Natural Sefenco and ‘Helfgion, ‘Two Lectures Dellvered in tho Theologient choal of Yalo College. By Aga Gray. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1880, “Prico $1. CECIL’S BOOKS OF NATURAL WIs- TORY, Prof. fellm H, Peabody, tho author of tho above book, {a well knowu to the peopic of Chi- cago as @ former instructor i ono of our High-Schools, and Beeretary of tho Acad- emy of Sclenecs. If people want an entertaining aud iustructlye work, which shall lead, and not mislead, tho young mind, then thia one {6 entitled to consid- erntion, It{isastmple, elegant work; and tho largo woodeuta are rccurite in proportionate measurement, The work Is divided into threo parts: Beasts, Birds, and Insects, Soveral hun- dred species are briefly described, and many of them are explained by illustrations... Prof, Ponbody"s best work seems to‘ Lo fn re= Intion to his third part. on Insects, which {9 renily his speci} and Ufclong atudy, Some in- accunite statements have naturally crept into even so small a treatise. For instance: in trenting of the family of Crows, he nsserta that, Its membors aro black. Some are, but others tro not, Again: referring tu tho tonguo of tha Hummer, he says, *It' ty long, thrend-like, and ixdouble neurly to thd root. At the throat it Jolns 8 curiousls-forked’ bone, which passer on either side of tho neck, and round tho back of the bend, ending in the forchend. . . . ‘Tho common Woodpecker has a tongue Ike this, and can uge {tin thosame way.” ‘The facts are, that tho tongue of the Hummer fs not only double, but tubular,—both parts containing a passage in use for some myaterions purpose,—and there- foro co reseinbics tho Woodpecker's tongue in tho parts pnssing around tho head, With tho exception of sone questions of sclentife nu- thority, tho yulue of the work sa unquestioned, (Cecll’s Rooks of Natural Wistory: Birds, Boasta. and Insects, Price $1.2%—3 vol I2m0,.678 pp, Thiladelpitas Claxton, Items & Haffelinger.) ASTRONOMY AND BAROMETRIC HYPSOMETRY, ‘The United Statcs Geographical Surveys west of the 100th Meridian havo attracted an un- usual amount of attontion in engineering circlea throughout the world. The reports thomnselvea ara a. voluminous testimony to the vast re- sources of tho West yot undoveloped, and destined In time to afford fabulous wealth ta mankind, That thoGenoral Government should undertake to enlighten us os to tho untold riches of “theso Oclds and pastures now" Is a matter of sinocrocongratulation, The prosecu- tion of those survgys has attracted tho favorablo culmmont and approval of every nation of note, As adirect consequence, a vast number of 'Ter- ritorial mines havo been, ppenen. for tho invest~ Ment of millions of dollars, which have re- turned, and are now repuying, more than ono hundred fold the sts oxponded by the Govern- ment and by Eapieadiatis ‘Tho work under review forms a record of the astronomical and meteorological observations tiken by the Survey at prominent and important prints throughout the West, Tho determina- Uon of the longitude, Intitudo, and elevations of peat, points iy mrcenling valine and bearing on © gongraphy of the country. Is poin Capt. Georze M. Wheeler, in charge of tho ‘Bure vey. remurks as follows: “Tho neovasity fur astronomical determina- tions at paints In the Weatern interior, contynt- ous to tho elds of survey, becnine apparent at un enrly stage of tho work, since gittudea In the region occupted wore necessnri) abprosimntes for want of tolegrapble communt- cation, and other essentials of aceuraey. Tho Jatitude determinations have been found to pos- suss a much greater degren of accuracy, and aro. the only ones which could be relled pan, except ao extrumely imited number of longludes, Tt yelleved that the methods adopt. ed for) the obsorvations and thelr computation have proven adequate for the re- guirements of stundard fleld astronomical work; and the results are so grouped ns to show tn each fase thoir greater or lessor probable values. The {nportance of tho astronomical determination, With stations and moridinn nes, usually marked with perruiment monumonts, inthe prosecution of extended feogranhical surveys, cannot be overcstimated, Tn rogtons remote from railroad cormmunicutions, more portable instruments aud diferent methods can bo used with eleleney,” Let it not be auppowed that the work is com. posed ontirely of dry tables of statist ponded to cach town or olty [sa note on population, and importance, and often : ‘Crutch the Pago, other mutter of interest, Part I tulns tothe baromotriohypsometry, Or motermloyy of the region under survey, Since Lieut Willlim L. Starshall admits in his’ intro- duction that the observations are somewhat “ desultory (necessarily), they can be of litte Use to, metecrulugista for climatological pur. posos, Thore isa matter which demands attontion In connection with this and nearly all publications emunutiog from the War Departmont. There are two iinportant things about @ book which demand fst considerition,—ita title, and. its author, Tn any one of the quarto works Issued by this Burvey and the Depurtinent, one must mags through’a dozen puges to And the author- Astronomy and Barometric flypsometry. (Being Vat. 1, of Quarto fteports of the United States Geographteal Survey, west of the 100th Meridian, in Change of George M. Wheelar, Cap> tala of Enyiucers, U, 8, Aq Washlngion? War Dopartuent, Government Print) WY, .U, FAITH AND CHARACTER, Rooks of sermons are generally little read, Untess the discuastons pre distinctive aud fresh. Such au-exceptional character belongs tn tho volume of sermons before us entitled “ Faith and Character,” by Dr. Marvin R. Vincont, of Now York. Under the head of Faith, Dr, Vine cent consitters Fatth in the Unscen, Intercourse with tho Unscon, and Christ the luterproter of tho Unseen,—giving ono discourse under the Nrat division, two discourses under tho second, und suven utider the third. Under the head of fret, Ite Integrity, ju 1 Ite Development, ja three sormons; thirdly, t Tuske,!n three sermons; fourthly, Ite Lodepondenoe; and Afthly, Ite Ate tude Toward Men, In onedlscourso each; alxth- Jy, Hts Active Bldu, fn threeaormons, ad tually, Its Kternity, th a Vory intoresting discourse, Dr. Vincent affords, in thesa sermons, a’ fino illustration of his scholariy and devout think. ing. bia clear, forcible, an hed hoppy mannor of pultiog things. ‘Th courdes aru highly practical, and yet so profound thoughts, aduirab! “full ot Ny oxpressod, that Tho | principal fon- | VAGES. cannot fall ta find many deeply interested readers, who will be sure te derive personal profit from the perural of them. (Faith and Churacter, By Martin I, Vincont, » Dy Pastor of the Church of the Corennnt, New York. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1860, Prico $1.60.) HISTORY OF NEW YORK. Part Fifth of the second volumo of Mrs, Mar+ tha J. Iamb's "History of the City of Now York" treats of the battle of Monmouth, tho are rival of the Fronch tloot, tho reception of tho firat French Minister by Congress, the destruc- tton of Wyotning, the fire and tho explosion In New York City, with a picture of tho New York prisons, citizons, and general affairs, the forays in all directions, the nttack upon New Haven, tho burnings of Fairfield and Norwalk, the storming of Btony Point, the Southern army, tho cold winter-life in Washington's camp at Mor- ristown, Hamilton's courtship and marriage, the burning of New Jersoy tawns, the battle of Springtleld, tho treason of Benedict Arnold, and the conquering, pegress of Lord Corniwallis tn tho Carolinas, Mrs. Lomb shows how Now York City waa the central point ching ovente of the war revoly: illustration represents n wooded seeno on the Opposit shore of the Hudson, with Washington slewing, New York City from that Plciureonue, Pulnt. Ono of the most notable portraits In this number js of Hamilton, copied from the print- ing by Trumbull, In the poaseasion of the Cham. ber of Commerce. | It has never before been re- reducer, There is alson portraitof Mra. Mam ton. The old Verplanck munaion {s among tho Mlustrations; and the two houtes then sinning on the sito of the Astor House, tho homes 0} Watter Ruthorford and Col. William Axtell. Tho work in progressing rapidly towards completion, and will bo finished {n two liandsome volumes, It is published by subscription. —— AMID TITE STADOWS, 2 ‘The National Temperanee Society haa pub= Nehed a new story, with the above title, from tho pen of Mary F.dfartin. It fa anid to bo founded on fagts of real life, and {6 intended to:| illustrate the #rotchedness which Intemperanco begets allkeomong the poorand the wealthy. The pictures presented tothe render are tho mechunto’s home, ru{ned by the fall of adrunken mother through prescriptions of alcoholic bevor- ages while nursing her children, and of tho perils. through strong drink which haunt the sclons of wealthy homes, The book also embodies a plea for early consecration to retigious Ife. Itisa ik for a Sundny-sehool llurary. (Amid the Shadows, By Mary ‘F. Martin. National Temperance Society and Pubifcation House. Price $1.25.) “ é round which tho The tull-pn MAGAZINES. The Sanitarian for March bas papers “Camps and Depopulation in Yellow-Feyer"; “Inspection of Vessels't; “State Hights and Quarantino"; “Naval Hygiene": " Drinking- Water Abroad"; ete, . Tho Western Magazine for March, edited by Mra. Starrett, containa articles on: “Sioux Falls"; “Manitoba”; “Tho Old Dimplo"; “Romance of the Village Vinci"; and others. ‘Thore are also literary notes and some eclectic matter, Morford'a New Monthly Magazine has somo good things fn its March numbor. “My Wants," by Edinund Kirke; “ England's Royal Windsor"; “Common Sunse, ‘Applied to Living’; “Memo- ries of tho ee tho Merry Wives of Wind- sor, aut its Falstaffs,” by tho editor, aro of tho number. Tho Western isn bi-monthly St. Louls mara- zinc. Its March-Aprit number contains articles centile! A Ghost's ‘enturo"; 4 More"; ization"; *Gipses of Valtalre’ “Sonn "Spelling Reform"; Herbart's Pevenolany. ete. Nota particularly attractlvo table of contenta, Tho Californian for Mnreh contains tho third part of “Sand,” by J. W. Gallys and, among others, articles on" OurRelations with “Shephorits and: Shee Herding" Phases of the Chincse on the Summit of Shastu and Present Condition” tals.” ton Mt “frotand—Her Past 3 and “Clouded Crys- LITERARY NOTES. “ Goldou Row” waa writtou by Mrs, D, N. Har- ison, “Jufforson Davia’ Memoirs" ara promised for carly in the fall. A.J. Ellis, F, R,8.,bas been engaged for two years ona “ History of tho Musionl Pitch,’ Tho Hon. S.8.Cox haa comploted a work on political ceonomy, which ho culls “Froo Land and Free Trady,"” Albert Gurnter has written n book callod 'Bel- entific Billiards,” which will bave over 100 cul- ored illustrations. Tho Roy, Titus Conn wilt soon publish a work entitled “Adventures in Patagonia—A Mia- slonary's Tour of Exploration.” Four editions of tho Metternich Memotra’? kayo boon fasucd already. The salo in Amerion is nvarly three times os great as In England. A hithorto unpublished story by the lute G. P. R. James. entitled “Tap Ponty Shilling,” ts Publlebed in tho lust number of Sforford’s Maya- zine, A now volume of poems by Dr, Rake fa en- titled “Maldon Eestuey, It consists of four- feats storics, ouch illustrating a phuse of mafden. love, 1, Worthington will publish Mr. Bwinburno'a new volume of poems before Itappears in Bue land, We beHove it is entitled *Thularsius; On the Cilft; Tho Garden of Cymodoco," Anthony Trollopo {s now 65 years old, and Is described ns baying a bald forehead, with a hor- dor of curly, luify batr, a lirge mustache, an immense beard, and an overbearing manuer. ‘The Atheneum acouses the Portfolio at pagar lam, An article necompanying an etching cons sits of passuges, unquoted, from Mr, Drum- mond’s “Perthshire [In bygone Days.” Tho article fe signed * Alexander Fraser.” G. P. Putnam's Sons will add to their Hat n vook by tha author of A Ludy inthe Rocky Mountuins,”” Isavella, Bird, in which, under the title of “Unbouten Trivka Jn Japan,” sho do- seribes her travels on horseback in the interior of the Japanese islands, J.B. ‘Eippincott & Co. of Philatetphia, an= nouunce that an entirely new and phorauphl = revised edition of thotr “Gnzotteor of: the World” will be issued towards the closo of this month. A compotent editorial corps bay been ead for tho lust five years on the work of revision, Mr. E, P. Roo's papers upon “Success with Small Fruits” will be made tho basis of n book upon thig subject. Mr. Roo will use the greater sonpe afforded by the published volume to givo tho full results of bia extensive Knowledgo and expertunce in this fleld, his aim belug to furnish a munual of practical valuo. I. K, Funk & Co, publishers of the now Standard Series—ono of the nentestof tho chenp Ubrariee—proposa also to publish in siinflar shape tho letterpress of Knight's * Populur Has. tory of Bugtand,” to oust but $2.40 complete. It will bo tasucd in eight maniin-covered volumes, or bound togotuor in one at & slightly-advanced price. a\ccording to the Cologne Gazette, the Papal archives luiye beon recently onriched by somo inestimable treasures, Among other matters, thoag newly-acquired documenta consist of nue tograph lelters fram Cardinnia Farnoso, Sfond~ rat, Palo, Carlo Horromeo, Pope Pius V., and sovorul dignitaries. present at the Coundil of ‘Trent ‘The pagers throw much light upon Repltalaatoal ory during tho lust three cent- ries, An English publishing house has in preas an entirely new work on Poe, by J. H. Ingram, The book fs suid to contain a-large amount of Ulographic Inateritl not bithorta made public, ineluding more than fifty now letters, much fresh information about’ Poe's parentage, his early lif in England and America, his schoole days, his university and West Point careers, ad- vontures in Europe, Htorury trunsactions, an explanation of tho cause which drove him ta atiinulants, cto, ‘The work will be issued In two volumes, One of the most Interesting of the recent contributions to the history of FolkeLore te Felix Iubreeht’s Zur Volka Kunde," which das Just beon published at Heilbronn, in Germuny. lt is. in part, nn elnborition and revision of articles by him which bavo previously appeared in print, and tn part eutirely uew matter, The ay he, Paper st thne, custonis, ond songs of many Enropean. and Aslatte peoples aro given, compared, and ex. plained; and the person who fa uble toremember the * pies of Mother Goose" will tind ity Liebrecht’s book un oxplunation of many of the bard guyings in that charming collection. Tube recht bas lupg been prs among Gere man writera on Folk-Lore, and this latest pubs Ucation will not diminish bly reputation. — BONAPARTE’S LITERARY JUDG- MENTS, From Mme. de Hemusat's Memotra, One eyentoy, while we wero wt Boulogne, Bo Baparte turned the conversation upon itera. ture, Lomercter, the poot, whom Bonsparte Vked, had just Anished a .triyody, called “Philippe Auguste,” which contatued allusions to the First Consul, and had brought the monu- scriptto him, Ronaparte took it into hla head to read thla production aloud tome. Jt wus anus. ing to hear @ man, who wus always {va burry when he had wothing todo, trying to read Alex+ andrine versed, of which bo did uot know tho mvtro, and pronouncing then so badly that ho did not scom to understand what he read. Ro- sides, be no soonor opened any book than ho wanted to criticise it, I asked him to gtve mo the manuscript, and Tread {tout myself, Thon he bogan to talk; he took tho play out y hand, struck out whole pasi and found of d, mudo several marginal not fault with the plot and the charactors, He di Bot run much risk of spoiling tho ploce, for it was very bad, Singularly eugugh, when be bad dono reniding, ho tokt me ho did not wish tho author to know that all those crasures and cor- rections were made by so important a hand, and he directed mo to take them tipon ntyselt. Lob- Jected to this, ns may be suppored. “Thad grent didiculty in convincing him that, as It might be thought strange that even he should thus have meddled with an author's manuecript, It would be contrary to all the convennanees for mo to have taken sucha liberty, “Well, woth" sald ho, * pertinys you nre right; but on this, as on every other ueension, Town 1 do not ike that yautio and leveling phrase, the convenasnces, whieh you women aro always using. Itis a do- vice at fools to raise themselves to tho level of people of intellect; neort of rocial gag, which tructs the strong mind and only sorves tho wen It may he all very well for womon,—thoy have not miteh to do In this life; but you must. ‘bo aware that [, for example, cannot bo bound by the convennhees.” ‘ “But,” Troplicd, ts not the Anntication of those laws to the conduct of lifo ike that of tho dnimatic untites to the drama? They give order nad regulartiy; and thoy do not ly trammet genie, except when It would, without thuir con- trol, err nminst good taste,” “Ah 1 woud taste! That {s another of thot elngafeal words which Lido not adopt. It te pore haps my own fault, but thore ure cortain rules which menn nothing tome. Forexample, what {a called * style,’ good or bed, doce not alfoct me, T care only for tho force of the thought, [used to llke Ossian, bat it wag for tho sumo reason which made m ft in tho murmur of tho wineda iine wav ti Harpe Litted to read tho ‘lad,’ but T got tired of it, As for French poeta, Tunderstand none of them except Core nelle, That man understood nolitics, and, {f ho hud been trained to public affairs, he would bayo been statesinan, T think U apprecinte him anore brs than any one else does, becuse I ox- clude all fhe dramatic sentiments from my. ylow of him. For example, it (8 only” lately, hive come to understand tho dénouement of ‘Cinna.’ At flrat Trogurded it ns merely a contrivance for it pathetic fifth act; for, reall, clemency, props erly apenking, I4 such a’ poor Ittlo virtue, when it 14 not founded on polley, that to turn Atiguatus suddenly into a kind-hoarted Prince appénred to me an unworthy climax, However, [enw Monvel uct in the tragedy one night, and tho mystery of tho great concoption was revenied to me.” Ho pronounced the *Sovans amis, Cina,’ In so cun= niae and subtle atone, that 1 saw at once the action was only n teint of tho tyrant, and I Proved ns a culewlation what bed appeared to me eilly asa sentiment. The tne ahold twas bo go delivered that, of all those who hear It, only Cinna Is deceived. “Ag for Hacine, he plenaes mo in 'Iphigénto,’ ‘That plece, while it lusts, mnkes one breathe th Reeds. irof Greece, In 'Brltannicus’ bo bes een trammeled by Tacitus, against whom [am Proludtons, beeause he tloes not. eereRny, ex- plan his meaning, Tho tragedies of Voltairo are pissfonite, but they do not go deeply inte bumun nature, For instance, his Mahomet ts neltber a prophet nor an Arab, Ho fsan ime orton, who might have been educated at tho fcole Polytechnique, for ho wees powor as T might use it an ago liko tho present. And, then, the murder of gue father by the fon {fs 1 Useless crime, Grent mon are never cruel except front necessity. “As for comedy, It interests me about as much as tho gussip of your drawing-room. I under. stand your admiration of Moliére, but I do not shure §t; he hus placed his personages In slt~ uations which have no nttractions for me." From there observations it is plain that Bona. porte cared only to observe human nature when, it was strasuling with the great chances of life, i ‘that mun in tho nbstract interested him Lit- le, BOOKS RECEIVED. . Coxrspencn. By Henry James Jr. Boston: Houghton, Oszood & Co, Price $1.50, Poxtky ror Cittupnen, Edited by Samuel Eliot. Boston: Lev & Shepard. Price $1. ’ Tun New Depantune tn THY ComMONScr001s or Quinoy, By 0, F, Adams, Jr. Boston: Estes & Louriat. Tustony or tz Crry or New Yon. Dy Mrs, Martha J, Lamb. Vot. 11, Purt 6, A. 8. Barnes &Co. Price 50 cents, Kinog 1x Exine. A Novel of Parlaian Tfo, From tho French of Alphonso Daudet. Boston! Lee & Shepard, Price ai. Bix Bronies Feo THe AADIAX Nianrs. Tdlted by Samuel Ellott, LL.D. Boston: Leo &Shepani. Prico 60 cents, ‘81x PoporAn Tarxs. First and Second Serics, Selected by Henry Cabot Lodge, Boston; Leo &Shopurd. Privo od cents each, ee REMNANTS OF EAnny Lattx. Selected and Explained for tho Uso of Stuitenta by F. D. Allen, Ph.D, Boston: Ginn & Leath, History oF MATENIALISM, AND CRITICISM OF Ins Pursent IMportanog. Vol. 11. By Frede erick Albert Luuge, Boston: Huughton, Os god & Co, Privo, $3.50, 4 MAnuinega or Cnnisr. By Thomas Hughes, Q.0, author of “Tom’Rrown's Schooldiys," ete, Prico 10 conts, MACAULAY'S EssAYs— “Milton,” Deyden.? “Bunyan,” “Hist and vo essays on Samuel Johnson," fan Orntors," and * Montgomery's Pooms," By Lord Macaulay. Price 15 cents. ‘Standard Borics. Now York: I. K. Funk & Co. ART. THE DUCAL PALACE AT VENICE, An architect writes to tho Altiencum that “Tho attention of tho pubic In England bas been so much ubsorbed with the proposed reatoration of the west front of St. Mark's, at Venico; that thore is danger that tho senrecly less important operations in progress and In contemplation at the Ducal Palco, immediately adjoining tho famous church, may esenpe observation, Ex- tensive works in the way of repair and substitu: ton bave. been going on there for somo time Dust, and bave been carricd out in a manner which hus not escaped severe criticism. It ts now proposed to restore tho celebrated Porta della Carta, cho lovely doorway leading to the Giant's Staircago, down whose steps’ rolled the bead of Marino Fullero, The Untel of thia doorway, a most exquisit picoo of work, Is erucked, but in no danger of falling, nor docs it even uced to bo shored up. It {s, however, to be romoyed, and a new Untel, copied from tho original, put in its place, The work bus beon deluyed In conacquonce of the diMoulty of find- {ug a atono of Ruiticlent size for the purpose; but tt is much to be fonred that, unloss somo sorious remonstrance ts mude, the substitution will Lo efecusd, with the spprobation of tho ma- ority of tha Venotinns,—tho original lintel be- ug, perhups, preserved in the Corror Museum, which 1s aklnd of hortus siccus to which dis- nents of antiquity sro Talogated by Muniel ey ~ There ls not tho slightest ox- cure for this work, Which will destroy the nue thenticity of a mogt interesting monument; a simple bar of copper, or a smal tena-shaped Rirder, cut into the stonework of the lintel, and. Cehicty srutaest up to it, is all that la required to keep it in ita pluco; and any further work to tho doorway fa perfectly unnecessary, Thi Venetians “hive, however, — thi apres: sion that it 3 perfectly Justitinblo to remove ol! work and to replace tt with now, provided tho new work bo an exact reproduction of tho old; aud tho urchitect who bas directed the works of restoration at St. Mark's has care ried this doctrino go far as to assert publicly that u portion of the pavement tn that basilica which bas been recently taken up and relaid tn- der hia direction 1s, in his opinion, superior to the orlcinal, There can de, therefore, hut little hope that the Porta delta Carta will be pared. the indignity of boing made whut those gentio- mon would consider as good as now, or better, Tho Fanfula'of the 18th of January containea poem, by Victor Salmint, oulogizing the action of the English inthe matterof the woat front of &t, Mark’s, and imploring thom to continuo thoir efforts for its preservation.” ART NOTES. Touts ©. Tiffany recofyed $1,000 for his ploture of * Tho Reapers.” a\ Socloty for tho Protection of Ancient Build ings Las been sucovasfully established In Franco, ‘Tho artist Edouard Détailte {8 80 ycars old, and bas ulready painted his thirticth pieture, He is wdupllof Mulssonuier, and ts sald to be a very rupli painter. . ‘The Commission appointed to superintend the erection of a statue of Victor Emmanuel .in Rome bas thrown open the competition for it ta the whole world, i The proprietors of the London Graphto recent- Jy conmtsstoned several well-known artists onch, to palnt a female head, typifying his veption: of Reutay. Mr, Leslie ls ahewd with a branes aire <Altogethor Rubens roduced 2, 10 we ol art, winong which 203 Wore tketiee fora drawings, Of ull these works, 8 bayo never bee gopted, 000 ure only known by copy, and 204 el a Tho Now York Water-Color Exhibition has deen n great success. Tho receipts su faramount 1 $21.00 for pictures, us aguinst $0,000 in 1870, and $0,000 in 187k.‘ Tho gallaries bave been cons wtantiy crowded, Carotis Duran keeps bla studio very neat, A fobuccu ur eignret ush dropped op tha carpet ives rise tou heurt-plereing look of reproach hu the painter, fis great passions are fencing and mnaste., Swords argon ane ban juoniem on the other, He marred Crolzette, tho Freneh actress, ‘The formut opening of tho Now York Metro- Felton Museuin of Art ts announced for ae 1 © collections have Loon mainly the gifts of erdons furming the memborship of the Musoun), tho now building ts situated at Elyhty-second Stevet and Fifth avenuc, Amongother Valuavlo collections, tho Musoum contains the Cesnola collection, the Avery porcelain collection, the MacCallum oolloction of old lacos und ‘em- brokderiog, oypriute jowolry, and Kensctt's pict- The statue of Farragut for Union Square, Now York, hag been cornpleted in clay Fs) St, Gau- lens, the sculptor, ‘Tho figure ts of colossal proportions,—about nlue feet high. Tho Ad-+ tiral stands upright, in uniform, apd wearing is serviou-cap, Ho boldy i one Hard. O large double-barreled sca-glass. ‘The attitude is per fectly y and graceful; tha foot are somewhat Spar; the old sailor, in faut, atunds in sailor: god a hare atater uf ad {nshion on his sen-legs, Tho {8 at oneon portrait e at oncon portrait and a ed, [tin te urn and Loyalty. SUI anothor now Procers, @ rival o face ts striking; 1, d typical niudy, Kon) ture is Rimply and masel vel; onst in bronze ; Petostal, nt tho haae uf whlch will be a ona URES of Mand-Durand method of reproduce tte othe copperplate, i Paris, autd'is and to” be method, alice it. produces Foprexluation without ro! Charles Blano's catalog raisonné of alt ings, Reem tiro series o Sree by by thle proces: SCIENCE. u an nbsolute! Moh tna notte he mn onon coming to ti much Seupernce panei At ” M hin eteh- clon of the ens EDISON AND ms Lrarrr, Nature is rather sovere on 1 Might, It saya, After quoting tho tho light with which. roadors of fre familiar: “ Wo foar Mr. five years behind the tlme In hi ilison's electrig description ‘ag THe Troon, Edleon fs thirty. 1é now Invention, The patont-roll of Great Iritain for 1813 con. tains tho ‘spceification of n King, in which n thin rod of lamp Invented by carbon was placed in an exhausted globe; and tho Inventor speciale ly dwells on tho advantage Yacuum for tho purpose, ence botiween these lamps Apparently less durable, bon to that omployed though, agnin, et as Torricellian simitnr lam, designed by Lodyguino In 1872... The onty He " And that naw forward fa, that Edison profers a cite ae rent, an kind of prepared car. by his Predecessors, in the employment of carbontecd Paper bo has been more than onea anticipated." “Mr, Edison's first ateps in Wo are told, " were to {nvent ator, ‘Tho Inmp consisted of eleetria Ughting,* 8 lamp and goner A plece of platinum, to bo mnde Incandoscent, and 50 arranged that any excess of hent would cnusa cut off tha current. It was deserlbed hy Drapor tn 1847, ses WASH wrong In principle. covered ’—what had b qnany monthy-that hopeless fallure, wron; ‘SMonntine Eatsen hag heen known in Europe mercurial air. Osmall lover to an old device, ‘Tho fonerator lesign, *dise itinps o constructed to exhaust to one-mititonthor imosphero, The new generato Farndlo known Siemens machine, Sion that this driving gjatiaas by Mr. Upton to b ielentific American, vo e Mmackine, embodied no ‘new boing essentially a moditication of whacking gives Oh fy a gives out tu electricity wrcentof tho energy it receiv engine, Sr. Edison entised. cor ee hristened tho Fulnelple, ho wells tho alle. certain enis ublished tn the Wo have caleulationg, and find tat thoy are bared one? based on tho supposition that tha electromotive force of tha generator {5 a constant quantity of revolution is constant, and the resistances of tho circult an tity of current generated. be’ true if by a. separate current Now, in the have thus been assertion, ther when tho speed. independent of of tho quan- ‘This can only tho Hciiemagacts | ure exelted nn at numerical cateutations wht ut forth in proof of i is NO Btntemnent mide as tothe Power necessury to supply this Auxitiney generator, the abovo cure Fent, nor, Indeed, are any stutistics whaterer givon of the actual power (in suy°athor Measure) dellyored e cnloulation to show that, f foot-pounds or by the driving ne to the generator; only a cut-and-di the ‘external resist Ance be greater than the {nternnl, tho maching will theoretically work mar economically not Seril ond Faradio machina Ughts and { of which is a view of Farudio machines ret up in Hon,’ tho nnturo of the arrangon ‘he more wo study the detailed new inventions, the moro we ison docs not devote some tin has beon already dono In this fold, who Ignores whit has boon dono mortified to find himself ocensionall somo discovery wh Ich by othors in himself is his the inability: credit the gpod faith of a ‘The worst feature of such 1 co own, ly when. enerating tha maximum current! In tho bner article it is oxpltoltly stated that ig used to re: the magnets of tho machine which at a sec- der netive upnlies the in two admirible pictures, one the batter of a ‘contral stns monts is shown, accounts of the aus ‘that Mr. no to learn what An inventor ott not to be foroatalted, bo prides Possibly this may explain sometimes shown by an Invcitor to, rival who has ean nirsa of thougl Ves in tts absolute incompatibility witha truly. scientific epirit. Horo tho selent! inventor purt company; since ¢ eurnto thi aking and tho neces: selenti{ie met! iio man andthe tho babite of ace sary candor of the od preclude tho trily scientitio man from fgnoring, evon for the sike of sclett- Ufle discovery, sefentifie truth. Wo are doing that which Ie already n part of no. injustice ta Mr. Edison’s eplondid genius when wo say that it isto the chaructor of tho inventor, not to thatof tho sclontile thinker, that he aspires, Whether tho latest forms of the invention arc doomed to tho fate of thelr predecessora or not, tho man who can struggle a: Inst failttres and discoure agomnenta ns indomitably as Edleon has done do Serves to succood, however erratic bis methods,” THE TOPOPHONE, J ‘The Nation contains u description of a new invention which ought to bo of great service ta mariners, if not too complicated. It says that: * “It {9 impossiblo for tno unaided oar to doter.> mine with certainty the direction of a distant . sound, eapcolally whon tho atmosphore {s fogzy; hence tho great utility to navigators of tho ine strument which {ts inventor, } Mayer, of tho Stevens Institute, Prof. Alfred Sf, has foltcltously named tho ‘topophone,’ or sound-piacer, {t consists ofa vertical rod passing through the root of the deck-cabin, and beart: end a horizontal bar carrying Ing on tho upper two adjustable resonators, below which a pointer is act at right angles with tho bar, Rubber tubes from the _ resonators pass through the roof of the cabin, and unite in a single pipe connected with a pair of -cartubes. The vertical rod fs turned by moans of # bandle tn any direction, The 6ret step isto tune tho resonntors accurately to the itch of tho sound under obese rvation, and fx hom at a distance from each ether somes what than the length of that sound; the next, b, of tho wavo yy turning the handle, to bring them simultancousiy on the wavo-surface, when, 18 same instant, tho same phase of planes of thelr mouths, it conneoting tubes be of sound-pulses, actin, one-halt the wave-length of pulses will and thus tond ta produce silence. thoy both receive, at tha vibrationan the wHl result that, {f the tho samo length, the togother, will ho rotnforeed tothe car, but, {¢ the tubes alter tn length by 10 64) oppose and nentralizo each othor, the At this mo- ment the horizontal bar faa chord iu the spherical wavo-surtace of which say tho contre; and the pointer Fest he fog-horn {8 the nts a radius, or, | i words,coliciics in nlignment with a ino at a Bb gt eg iced through tho placent obst » By salle ing the anip measured distance at an observed angle from the rat second radius line may in dis Uno, thus found. & Uke maunor be found, and the distance between the trn ints of obsorvation ts tho buso-lino of atrie ingles of whioh the two convergont radil aro the 8 des, horn {s readily computed." From these dita tho distanco of the fog- SCIENTIFIC NOTES. ‘Tho Jeland of BMadagascar Is nearly four times as largo ns England and Wales, Ita largest river {8 900 iniles long. A work entitled “Tho Constitutfon of the Earth" will shortly bo published in Encland: which contains a new theory of the evolution of species, Mr, Matedaira,a Jopancso engincer wishing in Now York, in addition to many Inventions o! morit, roads eleven languages, has finished s Tmnthomatical work in thrve volu! 00 yours of uge. In the Vatican brary at Romo mos, and is oly thero fs a book of accounta which records the fact that botween 1586 fabont id 1580 Pope Sixtus V, expended mit $8,000) to buve a portion of the ‘Daths of ‘550 scual Diocletian Serircret to tholr foundations, an‘ that in loss than t Few yerrs 2,560,000 cublo Loot of musonry were broken in pieces. f the onlightencd ia Hapuncse na compared ith tele nel Jopunese as inten lt is Interesting to tearn dition of fe pelghbors that thoduples sys of tolegraphy with tho Morse instrument Eambeot in ‘mueceashil working for some months ast onone vf the longest of tho Goyernmont Iinca,—that between Yokohama, Kobo, Nagasaki, Tho French Chambers, at the Instigation M. da Froycinet, havo voted a sum francs for ‘ho nding of exploring into tha remoter parts of Algiers of. mission® and Keneral, Tholr tinmediate objoct Is to trace thy, Ines # ure railways, but the indirect Influence ie axtonslon Re ‘our geographical knowlodge 1s most important, t | ho Chincse Eme ne Immense coat folds of tho Chines O eratte wily being dovelo ray peopte belt squat fue hae meen ts . Os oon! J thom, lying omy 100 feat below being worked, and at least 120), thragite bave beon exposud. Writing to Lea 3flssians Cathal ir ‘Tehany, on the Uppei Kiang, & coalefleld extendin; over we P yorod; one been ulsoavar rr ry 000 tons of overcome, 1 r Yang-tele venty fre Wo-tze"! ed ane trom Lage dana, in Congo, Pere Currie supplies ‘8 fow pare fe respecting Mr. H. 31, tea from t je Weat Const. pou Arab, Mr. i ia ith blin fourteen white Bisa Hutives. of Sierra Lou, niey'@ ex mea, and sixty avo fan from Zanaibur, whenco a lunge od onal panier aro whortly: charge of a Huropenn. Mr, Btanloy has w! houses read; advances {ota tha interior, expected to arrive in vere Carrio adds thas th bim a numbur of woodey for erection at various polnis as In tho “Bclentific Notes" fn Laat woek'’s TAT UNE, ailublod, ma i thus d Pacrivos bis instrument; ton of it {a very simple. Ove Straight beasg tubo le otal, wi scrow, #0 that tho vampound tubo ‘enod of sbortened AL will, and thi: reglatored one a To jam oe ike ‘suspected pot, brating, and the scruw Prof, Forbes, tho pit, tha fustruinent “ luge fork £3 sot Yr de turuod wut tuo mas b Inade to the Invention of the ‘Tho inventor “The construc the mouth of & fixed & tuning-forkg another tubo 0! od by 8 fating La Zan ba lengte Js movement ascertain the stount iy taked mum sound Is emitted. Tho index is then the es oiyed ty within $4 of J per vent * i nitty of gys cal DO te