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THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY FEBRUARY 1, 1880—SIXTEEN. PAGES. . Che Tribune. + TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY MAIL~IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID. Daily edition, one year... $12.00 Paris of 5 Feat per mont 1.00 Any other jes Seni Give Post-Oftce address in ful, including State and Connty. Remi s may be made either by Graft, express, Post-Otee| orden OF in registered letter, at our risk. TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. ‘si 3 Dally, delivered, Sundsy excepted, £5 cents per wee! Daily, delivered, Sunday included, ZO conts per week. alidresa ” ‘THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, ‘Cornet Madison and Dearborn-sta, Chicago, IL, — POSTAGE. the Post-Ofice at Chicago, IL, as Becond~ EASE Class Matter, For the benefit of our patrons who desire to send single copies of THE TRIBUNE through the mall, we give berewtth tha transient rate of postage: Bight ive Page Panes re ‘Twelve ie Paper.. ot BLS age Peper: sia 7, cents Eight and Twelve Page Paper. 2 cents Eifigen Pace Paper & cents TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. ‘TRE CEICAGO TRIBUNE has established Drench offices for the receipt of subscriptions and ndvertise- mentsnstollows: = _ i NEW YORK—Roow 2 Tvibune Building. ¥.T.MO- FADDEN, Manager. PARIB, France.—No. 36 Bue Ge ln Grango-Batelere. H, MAnira, Ageut. LONDON, Eng—Amertcan Exchange, #9, Strand. ‘Hxnzr ¥. GIuuic, Agent. WASHINGTON, Ano F street. ——— SOCIETY MERTINGS. THOMAS J. T 3B LODGE, NO, 48, A. me & 4.M—Thureday, Feu ket Reeemasous’ Ball, 6 Mon (American Express Building), at 7:30 p. m. iL work. Matter of importance ‘eack member will be brought before the Lodge. Hampers ang urvently spauertee waren Ye orsare 19 mec! e of JOHN E. PETTIBONE, W. M. W. M STANTON, Secrataty. YAN RERBSELAER GRAND LODUE OF PERFEC- TION. A. & A. SCOTTISH HITE MASONS—Therega- jar gnsual asseroi ing next sv 7:00 ‘will be beldon Thursday even- isto otk, for tne election ‘of officers, : 5 ete. He orter 3 Payment of ane Os PETTIDOND, Te. Po. Qs Ms ED SOODALE, Grand Secrewry. APOLLO COMMANDERY, NO. 1, K.'T.—Btated Canelzve Tuesday evening, Feb. 3, 180, st 8 o'clock. BRET ST AP alas webomes ae order of se : eleome, EiinomCommsiter Seb TMPANY, Recorder. PERSEVERANCE LODGE, NG. 587, 1. 0. 0.: F- ‘Tho installation of officers will ‘take ‘placa Monday Seem Eig prevent Bromerofie Lodge, resent. By order of the ee Riaete, Permanant Searctary. CORINTHIAN CHAPTER, NO,t9,3, 4, M-—Special Convocation Monday evening, Feb. 2 for work on Degree. Visiting Companions ‘are always wel- ° come, By drier fRORERT MALCOM, M. H. IL P. JOHN 0. DICKERSON, Secretary. = MIRIAM CHAPTER, No.1, 0. E. S—The regular monthiy Party ‘will be held at theirhall,: comer Thirty rsi-st. 0d Indiana-av., Saturday evening, Feb. 7, ee rill beein, “at $0 stoke: (All are invited Bae = Tordes fis8 JENNIE HODGEON, Seo. eb Ts EEN RORY RS eT Fs nosda Feb d ab 1 Sclock. Work on the ‘Templar Order. Visiting Sir Knights are courteously invited. By orde: JOHN D. Cg Ge | illness has heretofore been noticed, was bet- Boynton, and says that, until the latter can secure the indorsement of commissioned officer to his charges, no notice will be taken’ of them. : Srcretary Scuunz maintains’ decided reticence regarding the summary removal by him of Indian-Commissioner Hayt, declin- ing to'state the nature of the information which decided him to decapitate that official. Gen. Hammond, who was also somewhat in- terested in the matter, as an Indian Inspect- or and professed friend of Hayt, and whose ter yesterday, being able to leave his bed. On the 5th of the present month the En- glizh Parliament will be opened with un- usual ceremony by the Queen in person. Her Majesty, attended by the lords and ladies of her Court, will proceed trom Os- bometo Buckingham Palace, where they will -be met by the Prince and Princess of Wales, Prince Leopold, and the Duke and Duchess of Connaught. The departure from the palace will be made in great state, and the entire ceremony will! be more impressive than anything of the kind witnessed for years. Tre Democratic mafority in the Senste seems not to be disposed to confirm the nomi- nations of Census-Takers recently made by the President, It appears that there have been a large number of spplications to Demo- cratic Senators by members of their own party for positions of this character, and that, influenced probably by this fact, they are de- termined to secure a goodly stare of Demo- cratic appointments in this line. It remains to be seen whether the President will reverse the usual order of things, and withdraw ap- pointments already made in order to provide jobs for persons belonging to the Democratic party. s e _ Ma. Pex, a party who visited this coun- try not long ago for the alleged purpose of obtaining information regarding the agri- cultural interests of the United States and Canadas, has returned to England and made his report. He dwells at length upon the subject of English emigration to this coun- try, and arrives. at the conclusion that it is bad policy for English farmers to leave home at-all; but if they insist upon gomg, Mr. Pell strongly advises them to secure land in Canada instead of the United States.. Upon the whole, Mr. Pell’s report appearg like an effort to persuade English agriculturists that they are better off at home than they can possibly hope to be elsewhere. ———— A pispator from Berlin, which rests on the rather slim foundation of the say-so of “an earnest and zealous supporter of the Government,” states that the proposed: in- crease of the German army is only thé in- {tial move in a deep-laid plot ngainst France. According to this person’s idea, the object of filling the army to a war standard is to give France notice that the Socialists, Nihilists, and other orders whose members are opposed. to existing governments have reached such strength in point of numbers that com- bined action on the part of European nations : ab. commander. 4:0; DICK : BON, LAD! DG, NO, 478, AF, & A. DA fall st Se EOSIN ESS ANG ROBT HL. JENEANE, We I ‘3. H. STABR, Bec. SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1850. ‘Tus revival of good times—the “business boom,” so calléd—hes given elmost every class a lift forward except publishers of newspapers. Strange as it may sound, the general advance in wages and prices which pleases the public so much has made harder “times” for the press. The prica of type has been raised, coal is dearer, labor has ad- vanced, end white paper, the leading item in newspaper expense, has been thrast up 33 to 50 per cent, with threats on thé part of the paper-making combination to put it higher next spring. Meanwhile, publishers are charging the old price to their subscribers and the old rates for advertising; consequently the whole advance in the cost of publishing a newspaper falls on the proprietors, who have not felt at liberty to tax back their losses on the pubiic. Some of the newspapers have dropped their supplements to reduce ex- penses, and afew haye ventured to raise their subscription prices. The St. Louis morning papers have advanced their rates from four cents a copy at retail to five cents, and by tha week have increased their charges five cents. Papers in other cities are con- tempiating a reduction In the size of their sheets where their presses will permitit, In this city, Tae Trusons, as stated, has omitted a part of its. supplements, and may have to drop more -of them if the price of paper keeps on advanc- Ing. The Times, as a choice of evils between a reduction of size and an, increase of rates, has advanced its price one cent a day, retailing hereafter at six cents instead of five, aud raising its delivery price to city. subscribers five cents per week, charging 30 cents instead of 25. In making the announce- ment of the advance, the publisher says that the cost of printing the Times is at the rate of $100,000 per annum more than it was a year ago. Judging from our own experience, this statement is not farswide of thptrath. All the great dailies will be obliged either to curtail their size or increase their price if they would escape serious loss. Singular as it may appear to the unreflecting reader, the more business booms and prices inflate the worse it is forthe publishers. Like the fable in Esop, what is sport to the reader is death to the publisher. ‘Tue Marquis of Anglesey, a Liberal mem- ber of the English House of Lords, diedyes- terday, aged 59 years. ConGrEssMan Aldrich’s Immediate Trans- portation bill has been favorably reported on by the Sab-Committee on Ways and Means, ‘Tue New York Convention to select dele- gates to the National Republican Convention, which mgets in Chicago next June, will be held Feb. 95, at Utica, the home of Senator Conkling. Tueng is no abatement of the terrible fever which bas been raging in the Province of Naples, Italy, for some time. Over one-. half the population has already been at-. tacked, and 5,000 have died. A famine is also feared. A HUMAN life was sacrificed in Chicago yesterday by the burning of a chair factory on the West Side.—a Polish boy, working in an attic from which there was no escape save vy a Jadder leading to the floor below, being burned to death by the taking fire of the building. Gex, Borxron’s charges against Gen, Sherman have aroused the ire of the latter official, and at last accounts he was in such a frame of mind about the matter that only language of the most sulphurous description ‘was competent to express his feelings. He wannly denies the statements made by is necessary.. Should France refuse to co- operate with Germany and Russia, war is to be declared against her by the Inst-named Power. The story is a rather fishy one. ‘YESTERDAY'S testimony before the Exodus Investigating Committce goes a long way to prove that the entiré emigration scheme has been in the hands of speculating agents who have hoped to make an honest penny by it. The. most ridiculous representations were cash, which represents a surplus of. back taxes, after paying off the old flosting debt. -which so long existed in the shape of scrip. ‘This sum may be somewhat reduced ‘by. ap- ‘plications to specific purposes, but there will still remain‘a respectable sum in the hands of the City Treasurer, An effort will be -madé in thé Cotincil: to increase the appro- priations beyond the possible revenue under the 2 per cent limitation, so as to exhanst this money in the Treasury; and, while the laty limits the tax to $2,200,000, independent of the tax for schools and interest, and the income from miscellaneous sources, the Council will appropriate in addition for various. objects enough to consume this surplus cash in the This faund—the result of rigid economy—is the foundation, the starting-point, for the .re- sumption of cash payments and the aban- donment of the. scrip, business. Is it not time to abandon that wretched makeshift—~ that inexcusable pretense—by which the law 4s evaded and good government defeated ? If this money be left in the Treasury.to be used to meet the current expenses of 1880, its accretions during the would enable the City Government in’ to run the city without the Issue of s¢rip for several months, Instead of allowing the expenses of the City Government to fall in arrear several months, and then be satisfied by the issue of scrip, the eity can pay cash for at-least half the year. If this fund be left asa cash supply to. meet current expenditures, there will be hope that in time the city will be able to pay’cash, as the Constitation of the State requires itto do. The appropriation of this money for the mere sake of expending it will bea piece of wanton profligacy. The Controller ‘should be authorized, if he does not have’ the authority at present, to use this unappro- priated cash in the Treasury to the last cent; he should be required to expend every dollar of it before issuing any scrip... If it be used to cover appropriations in addition ‘to those allowed by the 2 per cent tax -limitation, the city, in 1881 will be without one - dollar:of cash, and for nine months. will. have, ta. wait for money to take up the scrip of 1880, and thereafter. the city willbe, disgraced by hav- ing nearly four millions of dollars of scrip afloatatone time. If-the Mayor and Coun- cil remain firm now, and fairly pnt‘the cash system “in operation, the* battle for, the re- covery of the city’s credit will be fought and won, and there will be no trouble or incon- venience. hereafter. Can’ any member of the Council desire to force the city back into the sorip business again ? BASTERN MONEY AND. WESTERN IN- ‘VESTMENTS, ‘The New York newspapers are untiring in their efforts to discourage the lodning of Eastern capital upon Western real-estate securities, ‘The latest attempt in this direc- tion has been made by the New York Herald, whioh very unfairly takes some figures from. a report of a legislative investigating com- mittee of 1877,—three years ago,—separates them from the text of the report and the con- clusions of the Commtittee, and presents them as proof that Western mortgages are unsafe as investments for insurance and other cor- poration funds. These figures make a show- ing on their face of certain investments of the Connecticut Mutual Life-Insurance Com- pany in Chicago mortgages amounting in the aggregate to $1,791,956 on property which was appraised in 1877 at $1,180,620, revealing, ap- parently, a depreciation below the face of the mortgages of $611,330, A similar report on St. Louis investments shows that in.an ag gregate of $1,529,566 of morsgages, the prop- erty was st that time appraised at $992,405, made to the ignorant colored people of North Carolina, and promises held forth that would even have induced the more intelligent white people of the South to. leave that-country had the same fales been circulated among them. Itis very certain that no Republican politicians of prominence -have been in any way connected with the matter, and that the Political capital which the Democratic Con- eressmen calculated upon making out of it ‘will be exccedingly small. Were the investi- gation conducted. entirely by Democrats, from the character of the questions put to witnesses, a very plausible story might be concocted, but in almost every instance the cross-examination puts a new and very differ- ent phase upon the matter, and leaves the Democratic case weaker than ever. In the House yesterday there was a little squabble over the motion of Mr. Keifer to haye the petition of Jere Haralson in his eon- tested-election case for the sent from the Fourth Alabama District printed. , The Dem- ocrats objected on the ground that the Com- mittee on Elections, to which the memorial of Haraison was referred, could order the document printed if such action was neces- sary. The memorial sets forth that, after the result of the election had been declared, Har- alson resolved upon a contest of the same, but was prevented from’ taking depositions bearing upon the matter by the refusal of the Mayor of Selma, and other persons author- ized to take such depositions, to make any move in the case, the ground of their refusal being that such action would injure the Democratic’party. Gen. Shelley, Mr, Haral- son’s opponent, it is alleged, procured in- dictments against all the witnesses sum- moned by Haralson, and kept them in jail until the time for taking evidence in the con- tested-election case had expired. Gen. Shelley is also charged with paying, or causing to be paid, a large sum of money to the judges of election in several precinots in Lowndes County, their return for the same being in the shape of a refusal to sign the election returns. The memorial was ordered printed. THE CITY BUDGET. ‘The. various Departments of the City Goy- ernment having presented their estimates for appropriations for the year 1680, the Con- troller has revised them, and has submitted them to the Finance Committee of the Coun- cil. The budget of appropriations as revised by him, as compared with the estimates of the various Departments, is as follows: tes. Pablie Works... S BOL $406,205 Fire Department. Baier rtd Realth. 80,780 56,980 Police. 499,945, 487,885 Lib: cy oes ‘221, tise the Controller's estimate for appropriations to $3,503,682, The law of 1879 limits the rate of taxation to per cent on the valuation of taxable property; another act takes taxation by cities for schoo)-buildings, ete., out of the. ordinnry objects. of municipal duties;' vand the Constitution exempts taxation for in- terest on the public debt contracted before August, 1870, from all limitation on taxes, ‘The amount of tax which can be levied un- der the 2 per cent limitation is about $2,00,- (000. Deducting the special appropriations of $013,980 for interest and $639,260 for school Purposes—the two aggregating $1,253,190— which are to be provided for byspecial levies, and allowing $509,000 as the revenue from miscellaneous subjects, there remains of the Controller's estimates some $1,840,491 to be provided for by taxation. The Controller, however, estimates that an allowatice must be made for 10 per cent of these ‘taxes which ‘will not be coflected, and he therefore adds a further estimate of $153,919 to cover that de-" ficiency, making a total of $2,024441 to be raised by taxation for city purposes. 3 ‘There is in the Treasury some $700,000 showing @ depreciation below the actual investment of $337,161. Another general list of Western investments sets down miscellaneous Western property appraised at $1,613,040, on which: the Insurance Com- pany’s liens (including Ioan and: interest) amount to $2,085,748, or a depreciation of $442,708 below the investment. The explana- tion of these differences is to be found in the facts thatthe appraisal was made by persons who were making out a special case to suit |. the New York investigators; that atthe time when the property was valued the prices were at the lowest.and there was practically no market for real estate} and that the Hsts inelude only that property which the owners were forced to sacrifice. because. they were unable to keep up thelr interest pay- ments, Such a showing is obviously unfail for present information. ’ : These figures were submitted to Col. Jacob L. Greene, President of the Connecticut Mu- tual, who made a very complete answer to the inference which the Herald sought to put upon them. He showed that: the real- estate panic was genera¥ throughout the country,.and that the depreciation in the real estate of New York City was more serious as arule than that of Western cities; that there was no Means to ascertain the real yalue of real estate at the time the above figures were made, because there was no market; that, in nine out of every. ten foreclosures, the Com- pany was the only bidder, so that the pur: chase was in no sense a gauge of prices; that many pieces of property for which the Com- pany could get no offer {n.1877 have since been Sold at handsome prices; and that the Company has every reason to be satisfied that itinvested in Western mortgages, instead of New York mortgages, to which the New York insurance companies are limited by law. Col. Greene further illustrated the mis+ leading character of the figures as follows: . “There can be no better security than real estate. It is generally the Inst to fall, but, having fallen, it is the last to rally, because peo- ple can get on longer without buying it. That is the present situation. We have encountered the greatest pavic known since 1937,‘and we are not over it yet. There is, to. bo sure, an im- provement in general business, but the reai- estate market hasn’t felt it fo any great extent yet. It will, of course. History invariably ro- peats iteelf, and, as during the few years prior to 1672 valuations were overhigh, so in the past few: years they bave been correspondingly low. They will look up again as certain as the sun rises, ‘These figures I know nothing about per- sonally, They bave been represented as the re- port of the Special Legislative Commission of 1877. They are not the report of that. Commission, nor any partof it. If they repre-' sent anything correctly,—about which I know nothing,—thoy nré merely the valuations made for the Commission by some of the persons whom they employed, and were, I suppose, considered by them’ among other information and data by which they reached. the conclusion stated in their report. Those figures were nevor published -by the Commission, for it’ never adopted them as fina! or conclusive of anyth ing. ‘Their own views ure expressed in thelr own re- port, after considering these, figures and the other means of judgment which a personal, careful examination furnished them. These fizures as used have given an entirely false im- vression of their nature and purpose, while the conclusions of the Special Commission who had these figures (if they are. correct) have been ignored and kept out of sight by the persons who have used these figures for the purpose of at” tacking this Company.” ~ “> Bpeeietetle Col, Greene added that, since tha panic, People have been économizing, getting out of debt, and laying up money; that the coun-— try has been increasing in. population and de- veloping new resources; that the productive. capacity has been enormously increased; and that there is now a stronger ‘basis for values. than ever before.. It is only reasonable to anticipate, therefore, that’ more money will be made than ever in real estate, which in the past has made more fortunes‘than -any other line of. investment. The unused money: of the country will.soon begin to rush into real. property as the safest security and most prom- ising speculation... : The New York newspaper effort to de ‘preclate and discourage investments in West- :the East (which purpose is the basis of the -porations. of that State to lend their ‘money in any -other State), but main- Jy owing to the fact that Eastern money _Teal-estate security at 634 per cent, without } Austria could no longer bear the strain of so ern property and, mortgages is partly due to & selfish interest in ‘retaining. the money at New York law forbidding the insurance cor- can no. longer obtain higher rates in the West upon first-class security than it can‘get'at home. It is a case of sour grapes. One Western insurance company is loanitg money in sums.as small as $1,000 on good ‘commissions. Eastern capital never. before found any such competition in the Chicago ‘market, and would’have reason to rejoice if any suspicion could be established that would bring back the old rates, ranging from 8to10 per cent, with commissions, This is ‘not.to be accomplished, and the New York newspapers may just ag well abandon the effort. Capital has been increasing in the West during the hard times by reason of in- | dustry, frugality, and steady accumulation. ‘The legal rate of interest bas been reduced | in'most of the Western States in recognition | ofthe change:in supply and demand. Bank rates and current loans are lower in propor- tion. It Eastern money-lenders desire tut- ure Western investments they must be satis- fied with the rates they get at home, with the difference of a better security in a sec- tion of the country which is constantly ‘growing in population, production, and renee 2 THE WAR POWER OF AUSTRIA AND GER- ‘The recent alliance between Germany ana Austria has been followed by sighificant military. legislation in both Empires. The : legislation is rather paradoxical, when itis | considered that the statesmen of both ; Empires haye declared repeatedly that the object of the alliance is to secure the peace of Europe and immediately diminish the prospect of war, The object, perhaps, might } be more correctly stated if it were said that | both Germany and Austria are suspicious of attack from Russia or France, or both com- bined, and have increased their armies as a precaution for safety, In Austria, the long struggle in Patliament has been settled. A writer in the New York. Nation gives some very interesting details of the recent legisla- tion touching the strength of the army. The Ministry proposed a measure which would Continue certain sections of the law of 1863 in force for ten years from the present time. These sections fix the strength of the standing army at 800,000 men, and’ forbid any change in this stand- ard for the period of ten years. The ten years were up in 1878, at which time the grants were continued only one year. Re- cently, however, the Ministry came forward and demanded a grant for another ten years. The Minister of War made ‘a strong argu- ment in its favor by showing that, as com- pared with Germany, France, and Russia, Austria had the smallest standing army, the smallest number of annual recruits, and the smallest proportion of} men under arms, ac- cording to population; while the Liberals, who, opposed the. measure, contended that large an army, The struggle was a long and bitter one, and the Liberals were beaten, not- withstanding it was conceded that they had the advantage in the debate. The only result they secured was a-small reduction in the peace footing, from 252,000, the present nuin- Der, to 292,000. “The'standing army will re- maiz at 800,000 until 1869, and Parliament has surrendered for that time ali right of making any changes in the hillitary Inw. : While the number of the standing army is not increased, it is of course. immensely ad- vantageots, ina militiry sense; to“ Austria that it cannot be diminished for ten years to come, while, in ‘ense: of ‘war, the incresse ‘would be sure to come if it should prove to be necessary. . Germany has gone a step fur- ther, and made 2 small increase to her al- ready colossal force, and has supplemented. it with increased orders for heavy ordnance, with the repairs of old fortifications and the construction of new ones, with the larger accumulation of war materia! and stores, and with taking possession of the entire rail- road system, so that in case of war, she can transport her troops to the frontier: without. any unnecessary. delay and at the small est :possible cost of transportation, be- sides having the additional advantage of: close’ connections on all the Toads. Whether this isa practical method of securing the peace of Europe is exceeding- ly problematical to say the least. It certain- ly does not tender an olive-branch to the other Powers; but, on the other hand, looks very much like a huge menace, which may be. resented in a moment of desperation, or when the ther Powers find, themselves suf- ficiently strong to hazard the chances of war, The most important question that arises from these. considerations is, How mach longercan Austria and Germany endure the enormous expense arising from their mill- tary establishments? How much longer can they bear the fearful strain upon: their re- sources which withdraws in the two Empirea nearly 600,000 of the able-bodied from the va- rious industries for greater or lesser periods ? In Germany the increase of the army has been followed by Increased taxation, such as the taxing of newspaper advertise- ments, of all persons not actually in the service, and other sources of reve- nue; which goes to show that the reve- nue from the new tariff system cannot be relied upon to meet the army expenses. Austria is poor country, and much less able fo endure the strain than Germany. It was stated in the debate upon her military law by the Liberals, that either the debit side of the budget must be brought down to a level with the credit, or the country must declare ftself bankrupt. She Is already 1,500 millions of dollars in- debt; has a deficit, which has been steadily increasing since 1870, and now amounts to $9,000,000; while of her'income 60 per cent goes to pay the inter- estonher debt and keep up the army, and but 4 per cent for education and 1 per cent for the national industry. If the military measures of the two Empires are in the in- terests of peace in Europe, then the tax- ridden and suffering people are paying a cost which entitles them to the admiration, 1! if ot to the pity, of the rest of the world. THE FARWELL DAMAGES. : - Daniel Webster, or some other great law- yer, once safd that there was nothing un- known to the Almighty unless it were the decision which a petit jury might reach. This was superior to His omntsclence. The sardonic character of the remark: is well illustrated in the finding of the Cortright- Farwell fury. Mr. Cortright sued Mr. Far- well for damage to his character, amounting to $50,000, which would be a pretty heavy damage to any character which is not angelic. The plaintif! employed very skill- ful’ and astute counsel to prosecute his claim, and the defendant was represented by equally skillful counsel. ‘The Court was learned and dignified. The jury was-com- posed of intelligent citizens, who could tell a hawk froma handsaw, Theré was no lack of testimony. Nearly every, one connected with the lHfeingurance business testified. As the case progressed, the widest Jatitudé was’ allowed, and nearly: every oné concerned was charged with all the les. in:Shakspeare’s category, from tha lie cir cumstantial to the lie direct, or fighting lie. it Witness and counsel-were ‘allowed to freely expend their wit upon.each other, and they cut and slashed in every.. direction. The de- -fendant did not escape. He ts a ‘rich’ mer- chant, «who: sets “himself: down: as ‘worth & mnillion, though, being a modest man, he is probably worth a xréat deal more. He is an ex-President of the Y. M.C. A., a warm ‘friend: did patron of Brother Moody, ‘an ardent temperance man, a friend of all the moralities. Every side of him that offered a j target was shot at. At last, after all had had 2 jolly time, the case Was summed up rand handed over to the jury, who immediately commenced to have a jolly-time’also. comparing notes, it was found that some of them thought the plaintiff had been damaged } to” the’ full- ‘amount claimed. Others | thought that 825,000 would make him whole. Others viewed the ruin. and thought $10,000 would make it good. pretty thorough examination of the ’charnc- ter, believed it could be repaired for $5,000. After nineteen -ballots, which represented sums all the way from $50,000 down to $100, the market- being weak with a downward tendency after each ballot, the sardonic man of the jury, who had patiently listened to the conversations and arguments, arose and gravely asked a question which had not been | thought of by counsel or Court in all the Jong and tedious proceedings—namely: What was -all the row about?. Here was a quarrel between the stockholders, officers, actuaries, and managers of a life-insurance company wealth, - : | that.had been roasted, smothered out, and ae smashed by the cost its owners a million or two. They were out of temper and out of pocket. They had | wrangled and jangled.. They had filed bills | and crosabills,’ affidavits, rejoinders, rebut- | tals, and surrebuttals against each other, and pelted each other with newspaper squibs. Itwas a Kilkenny fight in which every one had been clawed and bitten until-there was no fur left. He didn’t see how any of them could be damaged any more, since there was nothing left of them to hurt. In all this scrimmage no reference. had been made to anything outside of the Company's interests. Their characters were all straight and as blameless as a babe’s in everything that did not pertain to the Republic Life-Insurance Company; but, as they had rattled away at each other inside until apparently no official character was left, how could any one be damaged ? . were convinced in an instant. All the reams of. testimony, speeches of counsel, and in- structions of Court were forgotten in this new and convincing presentation of the case. They struggled for'a brief time whether the damages should be.a cent and a half or 4 cent, and finally unanimously settled upon the latter figure, and triumphantly bore it into the court-room and presented it to the astonished plaintiff. All of which goes to | show how superior o grain of hard common sense sometimes is to the garrulity of wit nesses, the technical abilities of counsel, and the wisdom of Courts. tion has been confined to the Western and | Southern districts of {reland, and resistance to theservice of ejectment processes of the mereiless' landlords, and subsequent evic~ tions, to the Connemara regions in the Coun- ties of Mayo and Galway. _gtams of the past few weeks indicate, how- .ever, that the agitation has extended into the Ulster counties of the North, where it is sure to be conducted in 8 more systematic, independent, and unyielding manner than heretofore.. Already the Protestant farmers of Armagh and Antrim are reported as com- dining tp resist eviction from their farms, and it is certain that if wise counsels prevail among the ‘landlords they will not be in haste to enforce their demands. The bailiffs, { process-servers, and policemen who form | the “ crowbar brigade ” will find it no easy | task to evict the sturdy Presbyterian yeomen i of Ulster. There they will have no unarmed, { hungry, spirit-broken tenantry to contend : with. The descendants of the-defenders of ; Derry, and of those who kicked the crown f the cowardly, faithless, and bigoted | Stuarts into the Boyne, will not trust-to { women to defend their homes. Enlightened English Tory statesmen know all this, and itis significant that Mr. John: Bright came out s0 boldly in favor of {rish Land Reform ina letter addressed toa tenant-right meet- ing held ‘at Ballymoney, in the County of Antin. their own cupidity, will press .their un- righteous claims, and that the Tory Govern- ment, lost in the mazes of their foreign policy, will be foolish enough to back them up. Whst the consequences may be in such a case, it is hard to say, but the action of the Dungannon Convention of 1761, and of the volunteers of '82, who hung tablets from their gun-barrels bearing the motto ‘Free Trade or mote date that one cannot predict that the Protestant Ulster farmers will resist to the bitter end. These men are of a race of whom our own historinn, Bancroft, wrote: “Théir training had kept the spirit of liberty and the Teadiness to resist unjust government fresh in their hearts; “ Their experience and théir Teligion alike bade them to meet oppression with resistance.” the South and West, the Ulster farmers have the means of tesistauce, for, esteeming it the first privilege of freemen “to have and bear arms,” they have persistently and successfully resisted all attempts of the En- glish Government to disarm them. That the landlords respect a determined and firm atti- tude, if they do not fear it, may be gathered from the fact that in Tipperary and West- meath, where the “wild justice of revenge” doctrine prevails, there have been scarcely any evictions for a dozen years. It fs hardly possible, then, that there will be any serious attempt to throw the Ulster tenants on the highways; and, did the Catholic Irish exhibit the same spirit of determination and: union, there is every reason to think'that heartrend- ing scenes would not be so numerous as they seem to de in the Celtic districts of Ireland at the present time, : ‘The legislation of recent years, particularly the legislation of Mr. Gladstone’s Adminis- tration, has done much to. obiterate all sec- tional, race, and religious animosities in Ire- land, and a spirit of mutual toleration has begun to prevail between the Catholics and Protestants, which isa good auguty for the future of that unhappy, plundered, and op- pressed country. The community of inter- ests and better acquaintance with each other which-will result from united political action will do much to extend this spirit. The vir- tual settlement of the higher-education ques- tion, in which the people took little interest, but which a smal! faction of political 'relig- jonists kept before the country for their own purposes, has removed another source of contention. So,the time is:not far distant when Ireland may be a united people whom After Still, others, after a great fire, - It had The sardonic man sat down. The jury THE IRISH LAND QUESTION. Until quite recently the Irish land agita- Several cable- It may ‘be that the landlords, blinded by +” is not a matter of so re- Unlike the farmers of fectly disinterested eyes should, be enabled to say.a different law is enacted ‘in’ Ireland, and on account of some jealousy or sus- -picion Ireland has curtailed or, mutilated rights.” When such shall be the case, and when there has been effected a complete and | radical change in the system-of land tenure and ownership, there will be no need for the Irish people to be periodical mendicants, and their country the scene of misery, squalot, and anarchy. The determined attitude al- réady assumed by the Presbyterian tenantry eannot but hasten these good resnits.’ Men of their race and blood,” according to Ban- croft and Froude, were the’ first to declare for the separation of thé American Colonies from, the “Mother Country.” May not the present position of thesé men indicste and betoken the dawn of a brighter era of com- parative independence for themselves and their less determined countrymen ? THE NEWBERRY LIBRARY. : ‘The remarkable growth of the Astor Li- brary in New York warrants the prediction that Chicago at some future day, starting ‘with the Newberry Fund, wil! possess oné of the greatest libraries inthe world. Mr. John Jacob Astor has recently conveyed to the library founded by bis grandfather a piece of Jand adjoining the present building, and pro- poses to furnish the means for enlarging the present facilities of the Institution by about one-half,, This library was opened not longer ago than 1853, and began with an endowment of $400,000, which had been | bequeathed by the John Jacob Astor who | died in 1848, In 1853, Mr. William B. Astor followed up the good work begun by his ‘Trustees,. erected 3 new building, and en- Jarged the number of volumes. At thedeath of William B, Astor, in 1875, the property of the institution had doubled. The present John Jacob Astor’s donations have increased that property to the value of $1,112,957. The fund for the maintenance of the library has grown to $421,000,.and the number of books has increased from 80,000 volumes to 200,000 volumes. The number of readers in 1805 was 23,000; there were 50,000 readers last year. Astor Library in New York is a forecast of that which may be expected from the New- berry Library in Chicago; which: will start with a fund three or four times as large ag John Jacob Astor’s original donation, The Newberry estate is probably worth not less than $8,000,000, af the present. increased, though still low, value of property, and one- half of the entire estate, when divided, goes to the Library. The division is delayed be- cause the Courts apprehend apossiblecontest from minor collateral heirs in case a division should be made before. the death of the widow. '. The Supreme Court, however, has granted a ‘new hearing, and may-find that there will be no basis for such suits, and that the: estate may be legally divided at once, under the terms of the will. Itisto be hoped that this view.will be taken of the ‘case, 50 that the Trustees may proceed without fur ther delay to carry out Mr. Newberry’s de- sires. It cannot be doubted that, once fairly under way, the institution will be the recipi- entof other bounfies, and grow in size rnd usefulness as rapidly as the Astor Library. ‘The Newberry Library is designed to be an institution similar to the Astor Library,—not for the miscellaneous circulation of fiction and light, popular reading,—but a repository for the best works in all branches of, knowl- edge and investigation, with adequate facili- ties for study and the prosecution of earnest research. No books are ever taken from the Astor Library; jit isan institution for readme and reference, and the books have been ac- cumulated with. special regard to literary excellence and usefulness. .The., Newberry. Library, conducted upon the same’ plan, will be to Chicago what the British Museum is to London, and will attract to this city and edu- cate among our own -people a large class of authors, writers, students, and investigators, who will some day make Chicago equally conspicuous asa literary centre as it is al- ready in its character of commercial centre. Hence it is important that the Supreme Court shall authorize the beginning of the great in- stitution at the earliest possible date. . THE DUNDEEARY VICEBOY OF IRELAND. His Grace of Marlborough seems to have been considerably disturbed in mind by the recent action of the Irish Home-Rule and Land-Reform members; the flimkies of Dub- Itt have missed an opportunity for airing their loyalty; the Aldermen of the Capital City have lost a good square meal and some thing to wash it down; and the Irish news- papers will have to go without: the usual speech of the English ‘Viceroy in reply to that rather curious but time-honored toast; “The Prosperity of Ireland.” But it is an ill wind that blows nobody some good, and the people whom the Duke of Marlborough was to congratulate on their prosperous con- dition will receive $2,300 by way of relief, The good and loyal Tory Lord-Mayor of Dublin will doubtless make ample apology for his offensive conduct before the year is over,—indeed, he has already set about do- ing s0,—and . everybody will be happy. ‘The resolution which caused all the “row,” and which was proposed by that pictur esque politician and erratic gentleman, Tha O*Donoghue of the Glens, is not such a terri- ble document after all. Here it fs in full: “Resolved, That we beg to tender the ex- pression of our sympathy and promise our support to the gallant peasantry of the West now struggling to retain possession of their homes; and as representatives of the people father, conveyed additional ground to the ; Feb. ‘The progress that has been made by the | fable, would, 80°. Beaco; wi ae country ‘equires neat in, shopkeepers to the Toy is's tradition, too, that she isan Tine and what could so win on the Celts ants idea that one of their own country” was Queen of Ireland de facto? Aad wet than all, her sister, the Countess of Por arlington, was a Roman Catholte, and if wi, industriously circulated ‘that she herself me strongly inclined Romewatd, and, asa bed sequence, would certainly coneciliata = Catholics, That the Duchess has Played, be part well is unquestioned.’ The “count = *squires and the shopkeepers of. Dublin . enthusiastic about her; she has been a warmly received by the pro-British Cathoti ‘All her efforts, however, to win favor ‘i the people have been utterly Without avail, Her relief fund is looked on with suspicion: ind oor than all, her stupid Dundrearyia usband has completely spoiled aid ins everything. patied hse ——_.., > —XXX ASTRONOMICAL. ‘ + Chicago office), north latitude leg. 62m. 675.5 west longitude, 42m. Ths. Washington, and sh. 80m. 0s. from Greenwich, The subjoined table shows tho time of rising of the moon's lower limb, and the official for lighting the first street-lamp in each clrenit ia this city, during the coming week, unless op. though the pa dered sooner on account of bad weather, the following times for extinguishing the first lamp! con Eight. Erxting 52 pe pane 5:20pm, 10am 5:5). m. “5:53am S25). mM. 6:35am 5:25 D. M5 :e me 5:25. m.- 55am, 5:57... 850m, 5:35pm 5am ‘The moon passed the full last Tuesday morn. ing. She will be in her Inst quarter Wedn ig | at 9h. 48m. a.m.; and nearest to the earth just before noon next Friday. The following mor. ing she will be about2 degrees south of Venus in the southeast, before sunrise. To-night, about o'clock, ahe will pass very cloze (below) ta No, Sin Virgo; astar of the 6th magnitude;. tut | both star and moon will probably be obscured by the fog banks above the lake. aoe Monday, sun's upper limb rises Th. 2m. a.m, Souths 18m, 36.78. p.m. Sets 5h. 164m. p.m. Friday, sun’s upper limb rises 7h. 074m. s,m, Souths 14m, 16.03. p.m. Sets 5b. 214m. p. mf’? Sidereal time Thursday noon, 21h. Im. 24s. ‘Mercury is near the sun: rising a few minateg. before him. ‘The Superior Conjunction will ow: cur on the 14th inst. Sart Venusiss morning star. Thursday sha rises. atth. Sim. a. m.; souths at 0h. Sim. a.m; nearly’ three-fourths of her disc is iuminated, gig Dow approaching the sun. Mars isan evening star. Thursday souths ab 6h, 3m. p. m., and sets at 1h, 63m. the follwing morning. About nine-tenths of hia illuminated disc is turned ‘towards us. He iss little wesk from the Pletades, and onthe 9th. inst, willbe}: ‘degrees south of that group of stara. “ :. | Jupiter is an evening star. Thursday, sets at wh. 45m. p.m. He fs a short distance from the ¥' of Aquaries. Three of the eclipses of his satel: lites occur during the evening twilightaof the‘ coming week; he is now too near the sun toper mit the eclipses to be of interest except to the| expert. £ opty Saturn fs an evening star, nearly midway bex tween the apparent places of Mars and Jupitér, and southeast from the square of Pegams ‘Thursday he souths at 3h. 45m., and sets at'Sh, Sim. p.m. ‘The breadth of his ring system is spe parently about one-sixth of its greatest diame’ eter. a oles Uranus souths Thursday at th. 40m. s,m. “He is just visible to the naked eye in @ clear sky; but not favorably situated for evening observa> tion. ; Neptune souths Thursday at bh. 2m. pm Right Asconsion 2h. 30m., and Declination 13 deg. 56 min. north. He is invisible except through a telescope. ae The middle star in the belt of Orion souths a) 8h, 28m, Thursday evening; and Sirius willsouth at oh, 8m. ; ‘The planet Mars is now approaching the welle known group of stars called the Pleiades, ce Sailors’ Stars. Tuesday of noxt week he will be only about two'degrees south from: Alayone, of the third magnitude, the leading brilliant ii the. group. This star, Alcyone, is memorable as be ing the one selected by Midler, some forty years ago, as the probsble central sun, about which ‘our sun is moving in a mighty cireait which requires some 18,000,000 years to describe it, Ourreaders may be interested in knowing that this idea of a central sun is untenable. The sun is undoubtedly moving in the present direo- tion of the constellation Hercules, as wus long since deemed probable; but it may be owing to the attractions of many stars, and not to that of any one.orb. A little calculation ts sufficient to abow that a star atthe distance of Sirius cold not pull the solar system through space at the rate of (say) five miles per second, without containing some ninety. thousand times 28 much matter as our sun. ‘In that caso thé analogies indicate that the “star” would be at least three hundred times as bright an object to ‘us as Sirius is tow; the Jatter being tous vory much the brightest of all the stars. Indeed, wa are warranted in claiming that the “star” must be.much more effulgent than that limit, 28 Sirlus gives out nearly two hundred times 2s much light as our sun, while only containing alittle more than twenty times as much matter, This is in accordance with the observed, fact that the smaller worlds are Jess Inminous thag the larger ones, taking distance into the ac: count, in each case; and this is easily explained by ‘reference to the well-known fact that tha larger the body the more slowly does it ood! under equal conditions in each case. Webavé taken Sirius as an instance; but the diMcnlty does not grow much less if we suppose the cen? tral sun to be farther off, or nearer to us, than i$ ‘The motion of the sun in space is, therefore in all probability, the result of the attractive force exerted by a great number of stars; aud, if this be go, the direction as well as velocity of the movement are continually changing with the varying distances of the sun from the other components in tho grand system out this train of reasoning to irs" legitimate conclusion, we aball find ft dificult to believe 18 Possible that the sun is moving in @ closed orbit around any particular polnt in space. Wemust, regard it a3 most probable that the solar ey tem, like a family of Wandering Jews, is roam to protest against their being driven forth to starve for non-payment of rent, fixed under a system which constitutes the landlord the absolute owner of the soil, and confers on him the power of exacting whatever rent he pleases, such system being carried out in de- fiance of the repeated protests of the Irish people, solemnly delivered through their Tepresentatives in Parliament.” Americans will scarcely regard this resolu- tion as very revolutionary in character, and maany Irishmen will consider it legal, peacea~ ble, and constitutional. Lord-Mayor Dwyer Gray Is a very loyal person; in fact, he very strenuously opposed the passage of : the reso- lution, Why, then, treat his invitation to a good dinner, a bottle of wine, or .mayhap a bowl of whisky-punch, so discourteously ? ‘Well, the Duke of Marlborough is a g00d ‘Tory, a large landed proprietor, a, loyal fol- Jower of my Lord Benconsfield, and withal a very stupid'man, and doubtless thought that his refusal would deter other members of Parliament of the Gray stripe from associat- ing with those revolutionary members who are opposed to rack-renting and. evicting land- lords. The privileges and the perquisits of his Grace’s order were threatened, and it re- quired bold measures to put an end to such a state of affairs, even if he should be obliged will not be safe for a Tory Government or rack-renting landlords to oppress and tread. underfooh The advent of. Mr. Gladstone to power, which is sure to. follow the next election in Great Britain and Ireland, will be the inau- guration of a series of measures which will realize Peel’s policy~of. “establishing be- tween England and Ireland ‘complete equali- . ty in all civil, municfpal,.and political righta, ‘so that no person viewing Ireland with per- ing hither and thither through the vastness of space, and that not 13,000,000 of years but a2 eternity of ages may elapse without on0 circus having been completed. : — fot ‘Tus Rev. Dr. Simpson, educated as s phy siolan, and afterward a regularly a minister of the Cumberland Pres! 7 Church, is now in New York. He hasresidedin : Western Texas for forty years, and his treaty ment by the Texas Democrats is a suitable com, mentary on the freedom of opinion in many: parts of the South. ‘The Honalist says that the shooting of several colored Republicans near big residence led him to write to the At torney-General to know if the Government could not in some way protect that class of cit, zeus. He was bold enough to read the Attorney*. Generat’s answer in a public meeting, for’ . crime he, was arrested, stripped of nearly. all bis clothing, and imprisoned in an iron cage, from which by the aid of a friend he escaped with life, and, after s series of bardakipey permanently impairing his health, ‘be. reached the North. He was for some months in New York under the kind treatment of Dr. Willard Parker dnd others. He is now in Boston, Will be glad to speak—in a mild and way—of the facts of loyal life at the South, he has seen them and known them. ‘Dr. Simp, s0n’s narrative might be printed by the Southe, ern {ramigration gocicties as an inducement People to settle in that section. : to give up his much cherished: post-prandial oration, the wine, and the whisky-pnnch, Lord Beaconsfield will. no doubt congratu- late himself on his wisdom in choosing the Duke of Marlborough as Lord-Lieutenaut of Treland, although he could never " haye thought it possible that the good nobleman Would have to rebuke a Lord-Mayor of Dub- lin, or that he would summon enough cour-” age to do soit the occasion required. In- deed, it. fs generally believed that Beacons- field intended that the Duchess’ of Marl- Dorongh should be the real Viceroy of Ire- AN Ilinols exchange says that s large number of dormant Grange3 during the past, year, having taken advantage of the Il terms offered to such by the State Grange, have been reinstated, and several new Granges have been organized. ‘The object of tho Patrons of. Husbandry, as now understood, is for the educational, and financ{al interests of ita men. bers, and not to promote the ambition af pol ticlans and sectariaus. Porte who know that marriages in Err gland take place {n the forenoon do not know, how the absurd law requiring it happened to be passed, By law,a marriage solemnized in the, evening, as is the fashionable hour in the United: land, and the Duke, who is a Dundreary- ish sort of person, a mere figurehead. ‘The Duchess, being very sprightly and at- States, would be illegal. A bill is now before: Parliament to «extend the time and te, foolish custom, The London World tells the