Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 1, 1879, Page 4

iy sheet * Beturday Kattion, Pare. . Of County” Commissionors for work to bo “new law bo necessary to Iet any contract for of Oourt-Houso construction contracts, ’ costly, which forbids a fow millionaire drag. . this country, The’ combination on tho SUISCRIPTION, BY MAIl—-IN ADVAXCE=-POSTAGH PREPAID, + Parner one ye: 333 ub ak f te: 50 Ae ‘Bpecimen coojes sent free, Give Foat-Omite addres In fall, Inoluding State and County. i Remittances may to made etther by draft, express, Port-Omice order, of In registered letter, at obr tlk. TRNM6 TO, CITY SUDECRIBERS, Dally, delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 cents per week. Tally, delivered, Sunday Included, 30 cents per week. Address TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madteon and Drarborn-ta,, Clilearo, 11, Orders for the delivery of Thx Tninuxx at Evanston, Englewood, and Myde Park left 1a the counting-room ‘willreceive prompt attention. TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFIUES, ‘THX Crteado TAINCHY, has established branch ofices forthe recelstof rubscriptiona amd advertisements ax foltown: ; NEW TORK~Room 29 Tribune Batlding, FT, Moe Faporn, Manger, PARIS, FrancesNo, 16 Rue de 14 Grange-Datellere. 1, Manurn, Agent, LONDUN, Eng.cAmerican Rxchange, 449 Strand. Vexny Fy Grito, Agent. | WASHINGTON 1 ateen pag oo WREKLY EDITION, TUSTPATD, ‘copy, Der yet Saeeey gets? AMUSEMENTS, Mooley’s'Theater. 5, Renfoinh street, berween Clark snd LaSalle, Ens. wacement of Emerson's Megatherian Minstrel a Haverly'’s Theatres . : Dearborn strect, corer of Monroe. Engagement of the Tony Donier Troune. ** Humpty Dumpty." s MeVicker'n Theatre. Madteon street, beiween Dearborn and State. En- aeqerecay of tho Standart Thoatra Company. ‘Fa * thnitea,” ‘ - ‘.Hamlin's Thentre, “Clark street, ,opponite the Court-Honse, Engages Mens of the Georgia Minstrels, _ Motropolltan ‘Theatre, Clark street, opposite Sherman flours, of May Flak‘a Iinotherlan Ledy Minstrels, White Htooking Parks 2° Lake Bhore, toot of Washington street. Champion- ship game. between the Cinctanat! and Chicago Clupe at3:30 p,m. a SS _ TUESDAY, JULY 1, 1879, a REL * Tho completo succoss of tho Sntro Tun- Del asa means of drawing off the water from tho flooded’ Borénza mines wos yosterday colebrated with groat enthuaissm by tho in- Labitants of.the Carson Valloy and Washoo Silver rogiovs, In eight hours the water in the Hale’& Norcross and Savago Minos was lowered-100 feat, domonstrating the capacity of ihe wnuel to perform all the work ever claimed ‘for or oxpected of it, ‘Tho great undertaking has cost $6,000,000 in money Aid ten yoars of labor and litigation, but its “ecmplote succosa through such tremondous difficulties elevates Avonrn Surno to 5 high xank among the mon of the world mado famous by grent achiovemonts, © —_—_—_—_—_— Contracts involving a large outlny of monoy were yesterday awarded by the Bonrd ! Fogagectent lone on the interior of the new Court Houso, An effort was mado to postpone the awards until to-day, whon tho votes of two. thirds of tho ontiro Board will undor the ovor 2600, nnd it is probably fortunate for tho taxpayors that the attompt failed, for otherwiso it: world havo been ensy for tho Domooratic Ring membors to combine and withhold thoir ‘votes until tho contractors submitted to bo blackmailed aud camo to thoit terms, Taken as a whole it will doubt. Joss bo found that the awards are moro in the interest of good work nt-roasonablo Prices tion has usually been the cnse in tho lotting Some time ing to-day tho extra session of tho Forty-sixth Congress, which was born of Demooratic necexsity and intended to serve cortain political onds, will expiro. All tho appropriation bills, except that pro- viding for tho service of United States Mar- shols and their Doputiog, have beon enacted in the uaual form, aftor doliberato and une succosafnl attempts ‘to hamper thom with political provisions intended to aid tho Democracy in the coming Presidontial cam. pign, As tho Mon, Zact Onanpray aptly romarked yesterday, tho Domocratia major- ity in Congross may laugh now at thoir questionablo vivtory, tut thero ia every Prospoct that, when the people como to pass upon the issues theso ombitious and hend- strong politicians havo sat up, the Bonrbons will Jaagh on tho other sido of thoir faco, ——__—_—_—_—_—_— One of tho very few things that will bo placed to the orodit of the Lower Honsd of the Forty-sixth Congress is tho Passage ander a susponsion of the roles of a bill to romoyo the duty onquinino, ‘The only yotes against this measnre of relicf for tho sok aud sufforing, which ia intended to makd health choapor by making modicine less manufacturers to lovy a tax on faver and eolloct a royally on malarin,—tha only op. ponents of tho bill wero the oxpononta in Con- Gress of tho Ponnsylvania ‘idea" that tho chief ond of Government Ja to onact and maintain a protectivo tariff for tha bonafit of Pennsylvania, If tho Sonate wants to take the bad taste out of the vountry’s mouth which has beou left thero by the dosos of vicious partisanship administerol, it cannot do botter than to pass this Cheap-Quinina Dill to-day ond incontinontly adjourn, ————— A falr degree of snocess scoma likely to attend tho laudable effort to excite the eym. pathy and generosity of the people of Chica go in behalf of tho unfortunate tribe of Ponea Indiaus who, through che machina tions of the Indian Ring, were removed from their farms sud homoa in Nebraska to a bar. ren reservation in the Indian Territory, Fands aro required to ausist the return of the Voucas still in the ‘forritory, and also to contest in the United States Supreme Court tho caso that is expected to Bottle forever tho status of tho Ibdinn ova “ person” in tho view of the law, and the macting last evening for tho purpose of ralaing money was a step in the right direction, No ono can read the story of the wrongs aud suifer. ings of the peacetul and industrious Poncay without foeling that these Indians aro worthy objects of sasistance in their efforta to re- ccive just and humane treatmunt. Tho wheat doal which closed yesterday is in many respects the most remarkable opera. | tion in grain that was ever engineered in “loug” side was organized early last May, and wns the natural outgrowth of the Keene purchase of 4,000,000 bnahels last fall, Pos- sessed of almost unlimited capital, it wont into the market, aud in addition to buying all the options offered for May und June, 50- cured the control of all thu cash wheat that | was offered, ‘The stocks in Milwaukeo, Buf. | falo, und New York. wore also purchased, : and to-day thero 18 nota bushel of No, 23 spring in right in this country or afloat for Enropo that docs not belong to the combinn- tion. ‘The options were bought at au average price of 92 cents per bushol, and the great bulk of them woro acttled at about $1.03@1.04, although at tha close clearings wero made nt 106}@107. The Profits on the doal must foot up in the neighborhood of $1,000,000, The combins- tion insist that they mado no attempt to work acorner; thoy bought tho wheat on its merits, and confidently believe that it will soll for at lonst $1.25 before any of the crop will bo harvested. Bew will bo fonnd to sympathize with the ‘‘beara” in thoir enormous losses, for tho reason that for two mteotssive nensons they havo discredited and depresiated the crop, and nro now simply called hpou to shell ont what properly and honestly should have lined the pockets of the producor, ——__ Tho President will have the Inst word. His moseigo following tho voto of Judicial vill No. 2,-callivg attention to thanocessity of making1ome provision for United States Marshals, brings to public notico the precise sitnation—which- iz, “a-state of things which lonves the publfo service thus unpro- vided for and the publio intorost ‘unpro- teoted” simply beentse the Democratic majority in Congress failed in tho attempt . to coercqa, the. Executive into conourrenco in its _ donspiracy to oatablish the dangerond heresy of Stnto’s rights, Congress will givo.no heed to the President's earncat remindsr, but tho conn- try will not forget that an adjournment waa deliberately voted immediately following tho adoption of a reaolution in tho Sonate in. definitely postponing. consideration of the Dill to provide for United States Marshals, ‘Tho Prosident’a leat wont’ te the ono that ) Will bo hoard ond romombored: tbh sloudest aud longest. ‘ a _ THE FIFTH VETO, a “Tho fifth veto measago, callod ontby at taching tho proposed nullification & the Election Inws to o bill appropriating $700,- 000 for tho pay of -the United States Xar- shals, was gont into Congrosa by the Prisj- dont yesterday. The document i¢ an al. mirablo specimen uf n State Papor suited te the occasion. It is briof and to tho point. Tt was unnecossary to go over again tho ground that waa traversod in provious mes- snges involving precisoly tho sama princl. ples, and the Presidont contonts himsolf with roforring Congress to the opinions therein oxpressed. Butihis messago points out inn forcible way the urgent necessity for provid- ing for the Marshals’ pay by describing tho extent and importancs of their duties, Ho proporly dosignates’tho’ United States Mar- shals as. the only police of the United States Government.” Thochict provision of the Revised Statutes with regatd to thoso officers is that they shall havea the samo powers in oxecnting the lawa of the United States that Sheriffs and their dopatios in ench State havo in exoonting tho Jaws of such State, Tho criminal jurisdic. Uion of tho United States in tho District of Columbia, in tho Torritories, and in nll the States, ao far as tho crimes committed against the General Govornmont go, dopends upon tho efficioncy of the Marshals, who servo tho warrants, mako the arroste®and enforce the mandatos of tha United States Courts. “To deprive the National Government of those officora,” saya tha President, “would bo as disastrons to society as to abolish Sheriffs, Constablos, and police offleiala in tho soveral States.” Tho moncy has been paid over by tho people for the compensation of theso offlcers na provided by law, and It is tho duty of Congress to vote tho authonty for its dis. bursemont. But, in doing 60, the partisan majority havo made the pay of the Marshals conditional upon the samo, restrictions of powor that wore incorporated ina Previous bill, providing for thoso and othor judicial oxponsea. Tho Prosidont vetoed tho other bill on account of theso Tostrictions, and for reasons which he thon gavo and which aro equally potent now. Congress fnilod to pasa that bill ovar the Executive voto by the majority requirad by tho Con- atitntion, but again attempts to coerce tha assout of the President by tho threat of sus. ponding certain necossary functions of Goy- ernment in case he shall again refuse to ap- prove the proposed nnllification of tho Eles. tion lawa, Evory consideration of consis. tency compels him to veto this bill as ho haa vetoad tho others, sinco tho principle is pro. clsoly tho samo, ond in ordor to avert what he forcibly characterizes ns y radi. cal, dangorons, and unconstitutional chango in tho chifracter of our in. stitutions,” ‘Tho rowponsibility {a thus olearly fixed upon tho partisan Iajority in Congross, If it detormino to adjourn with- out voting unrostriotod supplies for the Mar- shals, then it will assume tho blamo for oll: the embarrnssmont to pubhio justice that may ensue, Tho Prosidont has decided not to call anothor eoxaion, but to trust to tho Po triotisin and solf-sncrifica of the Marahals to continue their fanctions and to look to the futuro for thoir pay. If lawlosunoga and a failuro to colloct the revennes rosult from tho Congrcasional course, tho country will fix the blnmo whera It bolongy ; and, in tho meantime, it will havo a propor contempt for the patty spite which tho Domoeratio moajori. ty hay oxhibited in attacking a particular sot of offtoials with the absnrd notion that auch 8 course will punish the Prosidont, THE SIGH HOUR SOPHISTRY, Tho local reports of yostorday spoak of a meeting of clgarmakors hold Sunday oftor. noon to disouss tho eight-hour question. A great intellectual headlight shod his incon. dosconce upon the andjfoct. What ko sald fa thus stated: “*Sam GouDwaran mado aspecch upon the ques. Won of the moment, Mo claiined that by working elght hours a working day, a demand woutd be created for workmen, and thelr unemployed breth- Fen would soon he employed, ‘The welfare of all other trades meant the welfare of thomeclyes, If the shoemakers cut better wages the cigsrinakers would reoslve the beuedt of ft, He advocatert unity of offort saa means of power, It stood ta reason that at ol¢ht houra’ work per day more men would be omployed than if they worked ten bours a day, a ‘Tho general rule is that the prico of au article iy determined by tho coat of produo. ing it, If shoemakers aro paid high wages, tho work turned out by them will bo pro. Portionately dons, for tho manufacturor must sell tho boots and ahocs for enough to cover all tho expense of making, including price of tho lonther, rent of Pprenilues, his living ox. penses, and wages paid to the Oriapius for fabricating thom, Tha higher Wages ho pays the Orlspins the dearer will be tho boots and shoes, Now, saya Base Gorpwatzn to his hearors, “If the shocmakers get botter wages, the cigarmakers will receive the ben- efit of it"; in othor words, the moro the cigarmakors have to pay for thelr leather. wear the better it will bo for them! ho higher they aro charged for boots and shoos the more of them they buy, thus increasing employment! On tho samo principlo, whon a shoomdior goos into n cigar-storo it will bon benefit to him to bo charged 10 conts for n b-cont cigar. Paorhnpa so; beennso if he wero only charged Seentsha would purchase two cignra, and that might not be good for bis health, On sanitary grounds, the donblo price mhy bo justified. But howwill charging high pricos for cigara increase their consumption and thereby creato incroasod employment for clgarmakora? The experience of tho world is all tho other way. Tho chonpor anything is that peoplo wont, tho mora of it is bonght and consumed; nnd tho dearer it is, tho lees of it is purchased. ‘Tho greator the demand for anything, tho grentor tho num- ber of persons required to produce it, Tho less the demand, tha fewer workmen em- ployed. ‘This not only ‘stands to renson,” but is tho actnal experiouco of all dealers and the obsorvation of all persons not idiots or willfully blind, ; * In the caro of leathor-wonr, tho choapor aro boots and shoes the mora of them a man will buy for himself and: family; and tho more boots and shoes ho can purchase the more shoomnakers will got work in making thom. This nlso “stands to reason,” al- though a mighty intellect like Saxr Gonp. WwaTER teaches just the contrary doctrine; but Bam's logic, like tho cigarmnker’s prod- uot, ends in smoke, Sam soys “It stands to reason that at olght hours per day more men would bo omployod than if they worked ton houra a dey.” But it also stands to rosson that it doponds alto- gethor on how much thoy charge per hour for tholr servicos, Tho cheaper thoy work, the more of tho eight-hour gentlomon will be employed; the denror they obargo, tho fewer of thom will find situations. Tho amount of consumption doponds on tho cost of the goods producod, The consuming public cannot pur. chaso more goods than they aro ablo to buy, and they can buy no moro than the eqniva- lont of their earnings; and a man’s earnings must be in proportion to his work. If he works little, ho carns Httlo; if ho works much, ho earns much, and has mora to spend in buying things that he wants than if he works but little, If Sat Gonpwaten was ondowed with the reflecting faculty he would porceiva that no more mon can be employed on tho oight- hour principle than on tho ten, and that tho avorago oaruings of cach man, measured by the purchasing power of his wages, will bo diminished in proportion og ho works less, and ttoréforo earns less, Tho trouble with Sam's nioatal ptructuro is myope,—shortness of sight. \In looking at tho workers under his uoso he failg to sco the consumora be- yond them. :Ife takes in only ono side of the Iabor prolom: Ho thinks it makes no difference to consumers how much thoy aro charged, ard that thoy will buy tho same qnantity of merchondisa no matter how dear the goods may bo; and on this utterly faleo assumption. he and Pansons, and thoso like them, jump’ at the fool's con. clusion that tho fowor houra men work the more wages they will get and the moro laborors will be employed, wholly overlook. ing the obvious fact that people can pur- ebnse goods only to the amount of thoir own: earnings, and tho less they work tho lesa they will earn; and that. tho. dearer the goods the fowor they can buy, and the fower goods thnt aro bought the less numbor of persons can bo omployed to make them, : eneeicns CALIFORNIA POLITICS. Tho presonce of Keanyer and his follow- ora in California politics gives the campaign in that Stato o National intorost. ‘he Domocrata, o5 such, havo abandoned tho field altogothor, which is actually ocoupiod by three political organizations, viz.: Tho Republicans, tho Conatitationalists, and tho Kearnoyites. ‘Tho clootion will occur on tho 8d of September, and tho threo partios have already nominated thoir tickets and actively entered upon tho campaign. ‘Cho Repub- licans alone maintain tho usual connection with tho namo and organization of a National political party; thoy hopo to retain the majority of tho regular Republican voters and to socuro a gufficiont number of tho cousorvative Democratic votes to offact the dofection on State and looal issuos, ‘Tho Constitutionalists, under tho namo of “The Now Constitution Party,” fiud a nuclous for thoix orgnntzation among Domocrats who ro- fuso to act with the Kearnoyitos, but aro afi! unwilling to act with tho Republicans, and look to the farmors for such an accro- tion of votes as will give thom majority in tho Stato; tho Iatost reports chronicle the formation of 208 clubs in forty. five difforent countios in the intereat of tho new movomont, Tho Kearnoyitos roprogont the Uommnnism and ngrarianism of the Stato; they olaim the erodit of carry. ing the now Constitution before the peoplo; thoy opposo tho Lopublicans on general principles, aud tho Constitutionalists, whom they call the ‘ Honorablo Bilks,” because thoy charge tho Inttor with tho purpose of stenling thoir plunder only to misconstruo tho new Constitution and defont its logiti. mate ends, ‘The Constitutionalists moro uenrly resem. ble the former Granger organization in thin and othor North wostern States than any other political faction. They havo no: sympathy with Communism as undorstood by its frionda and Uoliovors who rosido in tho cities, and dony that thera was over any intontion to puteuch aconstruction upon the now Constitution a3 would bo favorable to Communism, At the same timo, thoy profozs to bolicve that the Republican party of tho Stato fd under the control of the railrond combinations and monopolists, and cannot bo trusted to carry out tho roal spiritof the now Constitu- Hon, hoy declaro that tho Constitu. tion must be so construed in tho laws and by tho Courts au to prohibit the Legislature from granting subsidios of any kind; to pro- toot depositors in banks by making tho Di- reotors of such institutions criminally lable in all casos of loss by ombozzloment or mis. appropriation; to absolutoly tranafor the control of tho railroads futo the bonds of « Commission to be olected by aud directly ro. sponsible to the peoplo; ta oqualize taxation Ly tho elootion of a State Board,—an illnsion that o study of Ilinois oxperionco would havo dispelled; to limit the sessions of the Leglulature to sixty doys and reduce State expenditures; to make lobbying a folony ; to improve the publio school system, and to sucourago immigration by discouraging the monopoly of land, The new party olaima that both tho old parties aro hostile to the ; principles of tha now Couatitution, aud that the organia law of the State will not bo prop. orly Intorproted aud euforeed by the Logins Jature aud tho Courta unluas both of those branches of the State sorvico shall be elected by tho Conatitutionalistsas a party, Thoy also claim that the so-called “ Workingmon'a Party uf California” (tho Koarneyites) aro undor tho dictation of asingle person who is intrigu. ing with the Contrat Pacific mouopoly, aod henes aro uot sutitled to thu confidence of THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: TUESDAY, JULY 1, 18799—TWELVE PAGE thosa who desire that the now Constitution shall bo rigidly enforcod. Finally, they basa thoir protensious to tho eleation of Congresa- men upon the alleged necessity of National control over tho through, trans-continontal railroad traMlo, All threo partios striving for supremacy in Onlifornia stand upon common ground in so far na professed devotion to tho principles of the now Constitution is concerned. Tho dif. ferences between them may, perhaps, be fairly stated os followa: The majority of the Republicans and n respectable minority of Domocrata dosiro that tho now Consti- tution shall bo constrnod and onforced in a conservative spirit, and appre. hend sa much danger pf oxcessos aril Injustice from the Constitntionalists ns fron, the Koarnoyites, The Conatitutionaliate aro, in sofhe ways, os radical in regard to the in- tent and offect of tho new Constitution ag the Koarneyites, but thoir leaning is towards the agricultural intorests rathor than the do- mands of the city workingmon, Possibly a dread of dofent undor the name of the Dem- ocratic party, or when acting with Keanner, also had considerable Influenco in bringing about tho formation of fho now party, The Konrneyites aro just what Kyanyuy makes them,—o lond-monthod and daugerous elo- ment, nctnated by much tho samo spirit as tho Communists of all-onr largo cities, and thoroughly subjected, through ignorance nnd credulity, to tho do- minion of ono or two ambitious and probably dishonost leadora. This party be- Neves in making tho now Constitution an instrumont of vengennos upon sociaty, thongh it is not impossible that Kzanyzy himsolf has an idea that it mny be used to better advantage for blackmailing purposos, It is not possible, of course, to form any approximate eatimate at tho present time of tho rolative strongth of these three contend. ing factions, but it may bo shfely prodicted that the mass of the votes will be divided hotween the Republicans aud tho Constitu- tionalists, ond thot the ‘ Workingmen’s Party of Californian” will poll so fow votes that Kzanney and his kind will nevor again bo regarded os formidable leadora on the Pacific Coast, Such o result will bo of the greatest value to the ontiro country, which wonld be threatened with a spread of Kenr- neyism in case of the latter's success in Cali. fornia this fall. ——— ae ENGLISH SPARROWS IN AMERICA, A sad warning to omatour naturalists, who think they can improve upon tho’ natural distribution of the beasts of the flold and the birds of tho air, is afforded by tho oxperience of the American people with the English apnrrow, Wo know the English sparrow of old as a brisk, importinent little follow, enid to be usefnl in protooting treea from insocta, and renowned for a sociable disposition and domestic tastes. This roputation did woll enough while tho English sparrows remained at home, But in an ovil hour some city gentlemen bogan to import them into this country, and the result has beon the total destruction of the good name which they once onjoyad, Dr. Exurorr Cours, the ornithologist, was among the first to peint ont the danger of acol{tantizing tho English sparrows. His chief objection to them was their amazing feoundity, and tho obsonce of tho natural checks on thoir incroaso in this country, which in Englond aré‘abundant. ‘Tho one- thion of tho spnrrowi in Amorica, partion. Inrly in tho neighborhood of large citics, aro vory fow, whorena in England they aro: mauy. In Amorica thoy ago protected by low and artificially coddled, hile in Englond thoy nro loft to take care of thomselvos, Dr, Cours forosaw that, if thoy wore pormitted to increnae frosly, they would become a pos: itive nuisance, Ho said thoy wero dirty, noisy, and quarrelsomo; that thoy would drive away native birds; that they would ont groin, as well ag insects, and do no service to the troos whioh could not bo as woll porformod by othor birds, These prodiotions were long 8g0 proved truo by tho exporionce of thoao who havo had moat to do with tho Englieh sparrows. It is often difficult to keop servants in houses that aro infested by thom, and thoir clatter is an annoyance to whole ueighborhoods, Reridonts of parts ofthe North Sido in Ohicago will confirm all tY¥o obsorvations of Dr. Coves in this respect, Within a fow months the Doctor has taken up auothor branch of the subject, Assum. ing that tho sparrows are a nuisance, ho in. quired, inn recont numbor of the American Naturalist, ‘Wow shall thoir number bo diminished?” He ended by adviaing the removal of all roatrictions on the natural disposition of tho small boy to stone and shoot sparrows; tho uso of spar. rowa, in pluco of pigeons, for trap. shooting; and tho destruction of boxes. and othor special contrivances for sholter- ing and petting them, Up to this timo tho argumont on both sides—for the Sparrows are nat catirely without frionds— hay been serious; but now entors a cham- pion of tho birds who pute oll the others to shamo, and at the same timo introducce an cloment of bouge into the controvorsy which makes it of intorest to everybody, ‘Mr. Denon ig tho new Don Qurrora, He’ knows nothing about sparrows; nothing about the morita of tho quostion in dispute; and apparently nothing about Dr. Coves, Mr, Benaw apoaks of this distinguishod nat. uraliut, who ig known to ovory learned society in the world, aa “ons Dr, Fxraorr Coves M. calla him ‘an enomy of Gon "; says that he how “dared to rebuke the Maker of all things "; and declares that ho is a follow who hag not the braing to comprehend the moaning of humanity and good poligy,” Warming up to his work, Mr. Beran observes that he does not caro whethor Dr. Cours be ‘a Zulu or an Amarican sav. ago,” but at tho samo time would be glad to see him ‘introduce hig beautiful theory in Now York," so that ho might be mado ‘ao. quaintod with tho legal guillotine which ho would certainly be compelled to sscend,” ‘Mr, eaou has pity for overy bird and boast; but for Dr, Exuiorr Covxs, whom he hag thus drawn and quartorod, he has spparont- ly only contempt aud indignation, ‘Tho nmusing part of Mr. Benan'a letter ia, of courgo, that in which he argucs iz. piety on the part of Dr. Cours because he advised the destruction of Gop's creatures, i 4, the English sparrows, ‘Tho oditors of the Popular Sconce Monthly, in which Me, Benau's letter appears, auswer him yory cleverly on this point, It is possible to show, o# they coptehd, that the small boy who, when unhindored, shoots sparrows, is og much @ part of the economy of Noturo aa tho sparrows themselvos, aud may have been divinely appointed to keop theso little pesta reduced in numbers, Tho sparrow-hawk, a viclous bird, was certainly designed to, live on sparrows, and jdoes so most succosafully when let alono, Nature abounds in instances of one class of Jervaturew living upon another; indeed, the dostruction of lify is the only many wheroby lifo becomes tolorable, ‘If Mr, Benar's sparrows could multiply at thoir normal rato, unchocked by the ngencics of docimntion, thoy wonld take posaossion of the world, and humanity and philanthropy would ond togethor.” Again: Doath is tho gront and ultimate fact in Nature.- By means of it a better life ia prodnood, *Naturo is slowly, very slowly, workingup to a bottor condition of things. In tho eanguinary atrugglo tho fittost survive, tho Sil-ndapted and loss-per- foot aro slain, and then comes improvement.” Thoro fs another answer to Mr. Benau, and wo nre surpriaod that the aditor of tho Popular Scisncs Mowthly did. not advance it #3 tho moat conclusive of nll. It is this: That Gop did not intend tho English aparrow to bo brought to Amorica and potted at the exponso of tho native birds, Dr. Cours is quite right in saying that this sparrow is ‘‘a wrotched intorlopor which has no place in the natural economy of this gountry,” Tho spoctes belongs in England, whoro the checks on {ts incronse aro provided by Nature, whore the sparrow-hawk finds and knows his own, and tho parasites and small boys do not censo from troubling birds at the command of Mr. Benon, ——____., THE PROPOSED INTERNATIONAL copy. GHT, Tho publishors of AMacmitlan’s (London) Magazine roquested Mr. 8. 8. Conant, of New York, to write an article giving o state. mont of tho American view of the quostion of international copyright, Mr. Conanz’s article was submitted to an English writer, whoso comments theroon, togothor with the articlo itself, aro published in tho latest num- bor of the Magazine, Wo confess to n strong conviction that the Englishman has not only answered Mr. Conaxr’s paper, but has so riddlod it and turned it inside out, exposing its wenknesses pnd its jobism, that tho in- clination to laugh at tho Now York gontle- man is only rostrained by the regrot that a person ;who announces himeolf as of “au exporienco of more than twonty yoars on the dsily ond weekly’ Amorican prosa” should have 60 recklessly loft tho bara down behind him. Wo haya rocently discussod tho now-born zeal shown by cortnin publishers in thia conntry for an international copyright, and have pointed out the possible causes of this zeal, Mr. Conant in his statemont so con. firms tho viows of this paper on this point that the Englishman has no diffionlty in at- tributing the recent ‘“‘rressuro” In this country in favor of sich a treaty to tho most selfish onds, and reaches tho conclu- sion that “when the tima comes for inter: national copyright to be established it will not bo such as Mr, Conant contemplates.” Thore being no international law on tho subject, American publishers havo always followod the practioo of roprinting tho works of foreign authors in this country without compensation, ‘Tho business has boen more or less profitable, nnd somo of the largest publishing Lousea in this country hayo grown rich on tho appropriation of “other men’s property. Somo years ago tho lending Amorican publishers astablished the * courtesy of tho trade,"—that is to say, when ono publishor proposed to re- print on English book ho notified tho others, and then the othors by “courtesy ” abstained from printing that work thomselves. 'Thia agrooment bad all the force of ao copyright law; it protected the Amorican ‘ pirate” against the British author, and tho * pirate” aforeesid, having an actual monopoly of tho sale of tho book in this country, was able to add 50 to 100 per cent to tha rofail price of his publications, It enabled him also to tondor to the foreign owner of tho work somo compensation, especially for advance shoats, #0 that the reprint could appear as goon in this country as the original in England. Under this arrangoment everything was lovely. ‘Tho “clionp” Amorican repridts which formorly sold for 26 or 50 conts wero now sold for 50, 75, or 100 conta; but the law of courtesy was obligatory only among tho “first-class” pirates, and so tho Joss courteous and eas “cultured” porsons who are desoribod by Mr, Conant as “ guerrillas” concluded that they could roprint and soll at a profit tho novels and other works of foroign authors, for which the first-class pub- lshers demand from 60 cents to SI, at 10, 15, or 20 conta, aud forthwith they engagod in the business, and these *# absurdly-cheap editions” have beon sold literally by tho millton all ovor tho United States. Henco tho zoal for international copyright Jaw, Tho law of nations does not rocogniza ‘' guorrillA” warfare, henco a domand for in- ternational law to rostrain those who offer violence to tho inw of “courtesy,” Mr, Conant'a whole argumént rests upon two points, Ho admits that morally tho author of a book is entitled to some componsation, but denies tho right of tho foreign author to fix tho sum of his compensation, or to with. hold its publication in this country, oxcopt. on’his own torms, His second point is, that tho Amorican people ara entitled to havo all foreign books pnbliahod hore at such prices as thoy aro willing to pay; and among tho amusing roasons givon for this ia that eduontion and tho dissomina- tion of good reoding among tho American people aro cssontial to tho national presorva- tion, and, bocause Europe sonds hither annu- ally a very large number of ignorant and illiternto porsons, it is but proper that European books should bo takon and: widely cirenlated at choap prices to counteract. the ignoranca which is addod to our popular stock, In claiming a popular right to havo the instruction furnishod by cheap publications of tho best books, aud in denying to foroign authors an unlimited right of property in thelr own productions, Mr. Conanr, to uso the common phrase, “gives himaolf away,” and {t ig not surprising that tho En- lich writer punoturos his ormor at every point, Mr. Conant, speaking for “our poopto,” assumes that o componsation to foreign authors is nnob. jeotionablo, a this ho is porhaps right ; but when he odds that “our poople” will determinedly insist that, if this componsn. tion be granted or secured (to the aforesaid American peoplo), all forcign books ‘shall be manufacturod ond published hore by a citizen of the United Statos,” he is utterly mistaken, Tho Amorican people who buy books would not give a ponny moro for a book becanso it was printed in the United States, Boiled down to its substauoe, Mr. Cowant's international copyright means that a foreign author who wishes to presorve 4 legat property in his book in this country must find an Amorican pubjishor, who will therefore have the exclusive right to publish that book in the United States, and of course to fix his own price on it, “Our pooplo," who sro not just now troubling themselves in the least on this subject, bué who are purchasing tho best reading matter at the lowest price at which they can buy it, will univorsally, whenover wach a scheme is proposed, remonstrate sgainst it, ‘Tho consumers have some in- torost in this matter; they caro nothing for tho moro peouniary profits of tho publishors. ‘Thoy nre willing to pay an author somothing for his labor, but thoy are not willing to erento a publishers’ monopoly. ‘Tho sxohomo proposed by Mr. Monrow, Qf Louisville, is Ono onsily comprehondod by the wholo read. ing publio, ansily enforced, unites convon- jonoa nnd unlimited rending with just com- Ponsation to the anthor, and would be whol- ly unobjectionablo in this country and in Europe, * That schomo is every man publishing to require in this coun. try tho book of a. foreign author to pay to that author a royalty of 10 per cent on the wholesale price of tho book, and loay. ing tho publishing froo to all men. This would opon the way for an immenso incronse in the roading of good books; it wonld add largely to tho income of anthorsa; and thoso two aro roally the only considorationa in- volved in the quostion of international copy. right. Rating on ordinary English novel, tho reprint of which is now sold at whole- salo.at 40 conts in paper, 80 conts in cloth, and of which 10,000 copios in tho cheap and 3,000 copies in tho bound form are sold, tho atithor’s royalty would be $640. But, ,undor tho froo publication law, the bool would be sold wholosala nt 10 conts in papor and 40 conts in the more durable form. Of the cheaper odition tho sales wStld roach probably to 100,000 copies, and of the other ‘0 20,000; the author would receive for his proporty in these sales $2,800, while thore would be 120,000 purchasers against the 13,- 000 who buy at prosont prices, Such alow would ba a great blessing to consumers and to the authors ; it would, to adopt Mr. Conant’s ides, do on immensa educational work in the way of counteract. ing the ignoranco thrown on onr. shores from Enropo ; and would, in tho proportion of 120 to 13, oxtond tho influence of good reading among tho fifty millions of people of tho Republic, This principle might woll bo oxtonded to’ authors and publishors at home and abrond. Tho national aud international copyright inight be made idontical, and the property of an author at homo and abroad might bo fixed at a givon sum, say 10 per cont of the whole. sale prico of the book, with froo publication by anybody} ‘Thon would follow tho widest ciroulation of books, the vast multiplication of purchasors and of ronders, and both read- ora and outhora would sharo the blessings and tho profits of this great revolution in the production of books. ‘hat is'tho only kind of international copyright likely ever to meot the approval of any peoplo in any country, —_—_ P THE LATE KHEDIVE OF EGYPT, Temaet Pacha, tho Into Khedive of ‘Egypt, ond tho fifth ruler of that country asa quasi indopendont Government, who has jnst beon forced to nbdicate in favor of his eldcat fon, ‘Tewrim Pacha, has boen one of the most ro- markable men of the time, His grandfather, ‘Meuemer Ali, was tho first, Khedivo, and gained that position from tho lowllost walke of lifo; ho had boen a iobaccontat, joined the army in a subordinate position to resist tho invasion of tho first Narorron, dovel- oped a marked capacity for command, and workod his way up to tho highost place in the province, Menzster was a succcesfal' warrior, and conquered the recognition of Egypt asa power; and ho would probably hava established o socond Moslom Empire had not the Western Europoan nations in- terfered to provont him. It remnined for the grandson, Ismazs, howover, to dovelop the internal resources of tho country, His ambition in this diroction began before ho became Vieoroy; and, while his uncle was still on tho throne, ho purchased vast estates aud ostablish. od himscif as a power among the peo- plo. Whon ho had succooded to tho rojus of Government, ho introduced the Eu- ropoan mothods of improvemont and devel- opmont, Ie mado of Cairo ono of tho rich. est nnd most beautiful cities in tho world. Ho reclaimed half o million acres of bad lands, aud put in preparation the reclamation of nearly og much moro, Under his mavage- ment the cotton yield of Egypt graw from tho insignifloant proportions of a few thou- sand bales to a supply oqual to one-olghth of tha ontira European consumption. It was he who introduced tho cultivation of sugar- cano, which is now the third in rank of tho Egyptian staples. Ho prooseded upon tho theory that tho rasonrces of Egypt, watered by the Nilo and its dependencies, woro prac- tically inexhaustible, and that tho country could regain its ancient supremacy, Io built villagos all along tho river and tho canals, aud mado cities ont of towns: that wora struggling for oxiatonco, onergy aud cncouragemont, and a thousand voasals now pass through it that formorly sail- od to India around the Capa of Good Hope. Ovor 1,000 miles of raflrond wero construct- od during the sixteen yearsof Imrars's reign, and 4,000 miles of telegraph’ stretch through tholandinalldirections, Tholato Khedive was ag successful in war and diplomacy as he was in his control of internal affairs, He roor- ganized tho armios of Egypt, Inrgoly under American officers, and ho added to the woalth and power of the country by hig expeditions into Africa. He succcoded, after Tong in- triguea, in soouring a change in tho law of suc. cession, which provided that tho right should bo vosted in the oldost male of tho family, and a decroo wns finally issued that the Egyptian throno should descend in direct lino to tha sons of the Khedivoin ordor of seniority, At tha samo time ho seoured new concessions from Turkey, so that, at the last, Egypt tribute, He wasa great patron of music and tho arta, Vznnr composed one of his prin- cipal oporns for original production in Cairo, Ho hberalized the religious sontiment of the country, so that Obristian churohos ara pro- portionatoly as numorous in Epypt as the Moslem tomplos, Ye abolished the slave trade and romodeled the oriminal code .in keeping with civilized, notions. Bat to fecomplish all these matorial, political, and moral improvomonta within so short a period required the expondituro of enormous sums of money. Tho concersiong mado by ‘TYurkay ware ata cost of noarly doubling the annual ribnte in money and furnishing 80,000 soldiers, He exhausted all the Oriental devices for lovying taxes upon the people to carry out his improvements, He beonme tho victim of usury. The publio dobt grew to the enormous total of $460,- 000,000, of which it is estimated that fully one-half was swallowed up in commissions and discouuls, His extravaganoa was bound: loss, and flnally wrought bis downfall, Tur. key was very willing to put on new restric- tions when England suggested that course, and the onforced abdication in favor of his son, after this brilliant career, is in the jn- terest of the money-lendors, . There was a sequel to the Beaup-Lurren affair at Boston which has not yet found ite wey geucrally into the newspapers, The Boston Tho com. plotion of the Suez Oanal was due to hig was virtually indopendont except in the paymont of annual correspondent of the Springfold Aepubtiean alone had the cournge to report it frankly. It was the specch of ex-Collector Stamoxa on the trip down the hay the day after tho, banquet. ‘The ex-Collector thought ha saw a good op portunity to rebuke bts successor, for whom ho naturally bas nolmmoderate fondness, Mr, 8tm- Mons reforred pointedly to Mr. Buanp’s speech of the previous day; intimated that It there had een no change in the Collector's office the vla- {tore would not have been insulted; and then launched out into.a blographical and laudatory skotch of hiinsclf, referring especially to the memorial in hia favor drawn up by the mer- chante of Boston,—1whoreat certain sugar-deal- ersin tho company, who had repented of that affalr, were much distressed. ‘Thera was some lspute among the Boston people as tothe taste which prompted Brann’s epesch; thera was nonc at all ag to that which animated Bisons’. a The protest azalnat the appointment of Capt. Eans on tho slisstseipp! River Commission Is well-nigh universal. It is admitted that he tsa good engineer, but urged, on the other hand, that he is engaged in an enormous job which he fs Prosocuting without regard to the merite of his work onthe fottles, Hehns already recelyed $250,- 000 fn anticipation of reaching a depth of twenty- alx fect, and has applicd for $250,000 more, whilla: itis perfectly notorious that no vessel drawing twenty-two fect can go thraugh the jottics, “By ingenious maneuvering, Capt, BaDS has: mane aged to hava the width of his channel reduced from 250 to 200 feet, and bas caused all speciti- cations as to the length of timo the channet ehatl be maintained to bo etricken out of bis contract. The Jotty Company fs not now required to matntain any speciiicd depth. fora alnglo day, This legislative jockeying tas, of course, beon authorized by Capt. Eans, It {s mortifying to the friends of the President that, he should have rewarded Ens for hls trickery by giving bim an honorable appointment, a ‘The result of the raco between Yale and Har- vard Increases the popular discontent with tho plan of holding efght-oared racee between theso colleges alone, It was sald in 1876, whon the Intercollegiate regattas wero abandoned, that, though the olght-oared racca would decide noth- ing as to the relative merits of college racing- men, they would at least be moro interesting: ‘than the regattas, But euch hns not been the case, Tho races havo not beon close, and they have decided nothing except the obvious fact that Yale can’t row. The Now York Herald says very truth{nlly; ‘One moro procession as that of Saturday will ktll this pretentious sub+ stitute fer the truo American university race, and every lover of true sport will rojolce.-if it docs.” a Says an cight-houra-work for ten-hours-pay organt : Elght boars for work, eight for rest, elght for recreation ana mental and moral elevation, is tha demand which must be heeded. This demand was“ hocded” {nthe bulldiog of the Chicago Custom-House. ‘The amount of “ meutal and moral elevation” the ofght-hour- “ites derived while sogering that job was not shown at the recent trial, but it 1s to be feared {t was not enough to compensate the taxpayers for the $800,000 out of which they were smindled by the moral and mental recreators, ay Tho St. Paul Pioneer-Press makes “a caroful montal distinction between the new allver move: mont [represented by the Bl-Metalllé League formed in Chicago) and the old one.” The mental distinction aforesaid fg allin the eya of our estoomedcontomporary. At the same time, if it will help any unfortunate editors, Nke tha chiof of the Ploneer-Preas, to come into tho ark, thers is no objection to It, 5 a At the elghty-fourth annual Commencement of Union College, Schonectady, N. Y., on Wednesday, duno 25, the degroo of LL. D. was conferred upon the Hon, Winttam LU, Kina, of Chicago, and on tho Hon, Gronaz F. Dan« FouTH, of the Court of Appeals of New York, Mr, Kina was- graduated at Unton College in 1816, —— ey Leut.-Gov. Donsneiter, of New York, fa a public address recently, satd that the flrat Irons clad fight between the Monitor and the Merrimaa occurred in Mobile Bay, with Admiral Fanna- Gut lushed to the mast. It fs cyident that Liaut.-Gov, Donsnsister studied Gorman in the public achools, and German only, —— ‘Tho Boston Advertleer refers to the Bi-Motallte League of Chicago without a sneer of a sigh, A change has come over the spirit of the Boston press on the allver queation. They.begin to sce that.Western capital has gone into the silver movement, and when Weatern capital leads the way, Sastern capital must follow, ——— Tho tact that Sata Dannnannr {6 a mother without volng a wifo toca not aeom to disturb tho highest London society, of which sho.1s now tho Moness.—Hoston Herald, Tho more odloua and common vice in Franco {se being a wife without boing mother. But it has not seemed so fn England till now. a Yale “nances aro now ina very bad way, Last year it was found necessary to reduco the salaries of Professors. This year the reduction has been extended to tutors and other instruct- ors. It scems pretty clear that Harvard ts pull- ing away from Yale in moro respects than one. ————_——— 8tx hundred cavin passengers wore taken cut of New York to Europe Saturday, This.is the Jargeat number of the season thus far. Now, if these 600 would only engage their Instructors and guides on this aldo the water, thoy woulu make their money do twico as much ood. es ‘The appointment of Eans to the. Misstssippt River Commission only snakes more ‘annoylug and {nexplicable the failure to appoint Capt, Cownsn, who bas no Job on band, it fs tru, but hag a reasonable plan of relief to pruposc. The New York Tribune thinks that, if somo of the Pittsburg riotera had been executed for their rapine and bloodshed, the Socialists of Cktcogo would not now be so defiant, REVERIES, At lovers’ perjurios they say Jovo laug! and the old man is on the broad grigall the timo, ——_—_ ‘The other States of tho Union whon com. pared with Louisiana must palo thelr inofoctua) are. 4 The Ohicago Artificial Bea-Sorpont Manu facturiog Company has received latge orders with in the past week from all parts of the country, auch as leave no doabt that the aeason of 1870 will be one of the most anccessful ever recorded in the: annals of American watering-places, In particue Tar, the 8t, Loutea @iobe-Democrat bas ordered a duplicate of its famous monster which so terrified, the people ou the banks of the s{issise(pol in 1876, It Iu to cost $2,200, being 180 feet long, and. fare nished with all the latest improvements,—the patent back-acting compensatory undniator, the Automatic Head-fobber, the Compressed Alr Howl, and thg dioptric The sea-serpent of 1876 sa ag balloon-attachment by which it was enabled at will to svar aloft iute the blue empyrean;. in the present auisoa) the serial appa. ratua ja made twice as powerful, and the inside of. the terrific monster of tho deeply titted up with a beautifully contrived apparatus, by means of which it will, white in the water, cast olott great columns of water with a hoarse, bellowtog roar, and white in the afr discharge Homan candles, blue-lights, advertising-notices, paragrapba about th boom, andsoon, The Chicago Artificis! Sea-Herpent Manufecturiog Com- pany hasalso begun the mangfacture an Ox- tended ecals of patent reversible bee! me for rallroad cating-houses, cheap restaurants, cto., In the production of which the soles of goloshes and condemned Macintosh overcoats, substancus which have hitherto been regarded as not possible to be utilized, will be Jargely employed. The patont bee: ike can be used as cork-sotes for boots, or as pie-crusts or doughuute, When scrved up with plenty of gravy anda pleco of bone it will not be easy todetect them from the natural carnal etcak of commerce, Thousands of teatimonials have been recelved from dentists, boarding-bouse keope ere, crowned heads of Europe, etc., which will be sent ln a ueat pampulet on receiptof stamp. The jugenlous managers of the Chicago Artificial Bea. Gerpens Manufacturing Company have also invente