Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 26, 1879, Page 9

iE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: WEDNESDAY, MARCII 26, 1879--- TWELVE PAGES. ARCIEBISHOP PURCELL. How the Lost Money Came, How it Went, and Where It Has Cone. Fathor Edware Vurcoll’s Poor System find Worse Memor Keeping Accounts cn Loose Scraps of Paper---Money for Whoover Applied. Wo Adequate Sccurity Given or Do- manded by tho Unworldly Priost. Correananaenre New York Bun, Crneisnati, Mareh 21—The thing which peo- plo generally ace 10 flud most difiiculty tn understanding about the fallure of Archbishop Purcell js, * What tins become of the money! Jt fa without precedent in the history of bank- rupteles that au vast a sun sould leave so little trace of ita disappenrance, and ehould have ‘peen to all appearance of so little beneflt to the persons responsible for the toss, Nut cven the most cengorious or bitterly sectarian can hon- estly say that oe dollar of the great sums de- posited with the Archblahop and his brother has gone to the enrlehment of those ned and sim- ple-minded men, or bas been applicd by them mith any taint uf dishonest Inteut, or has been squandered. Wiint, then, has been done with the inoney{’? To know that, ove must. pri- morily understand the character of the two men, And flrat, OF ‘Ts ARCHMISHOY, White not at allo bigot, he boa, from the tine ef hfs ordination as a priest in 1826, glyen him- aclf heart, soul, and body to the service to which his Wife was consecrated. To him the most vital aud all-important thing in the world was his re- ligion, It was now a mero profession ot falth, to | be chertshed, defended, and strengthened, but a yivlfying principle that animated him in every one of the many good words nnd works. When be was assigned to the charge of the Dioceso of Gincinnatl he found himself ino fled. where aimost everything that he regarded as essential to the well-belng of mankind, here aud heros after, had yet to be bronght into being, wud it depended upon him. ~~ Churebes were lackiuc. ‘There was. only one Catholic churet iu Cinein- nati, and only a few were ecnttered through the dloceso, for thit was forty-six yeurs ago. OF Catholic educational Institutions, orphan asy- Inia, and reformatorles there wero noue. In short, there lay bofore him, as his task, o great creative work, for which hu was ns well fitted as any man could be, excupt in one partionlar— thit of possessing 2 practicu! executive talent for grasping busiuess details and handing then againan of business would manage a commer cal enterprise, Jie had the heart, MUT sf LACKED TH MEAD for that sort of thing, It is to be feared that In his urdont desiro tu do Rood he wade the mis- take of trusting tuo entirely to providentlal in- splration. So far a8 can, at this tIme, be defluttely agcer- tained, hfs Guanclal operations did not nsewune any importance until after his brother Edward wags ordained a priest, fn 1889. Upto that tine he had been receiviigs some deposits that were forcud upon him, but had not made any use of them, and paid no interest on them, He simply: acted us thelr custodian for the benellt of poor persons to whom they belonged. He was poor then,—as puor aa any of his flock almost,—for hie had to borruw ai the Bust the means wherewith to travel to his Bishopric; snd, arriving there, hod to ask months of credit tor the simplest necessaries of life. ‘To his honor, be ft ever re- membered, that, notwithstanding the enormous gums of money unquestionably poured into his hands, there has never been atime sluco those carly days of hiv Eplseopacy when he was not fist ‘ag pour as he was then, except that le has eon out of debt. ‘About the time that he was joined by lis brother Edward there was an cra of financial prosperity, duc to large immigration and conse- quent activity in the development of the caun- try and the building up of the cities. Cathoties from across the seas came foto the West by thousands, and there was bread and work for all, ‘They gave liberally to promote In thelr new homes the faith of thetr fathers, and in all directions Catholic churches sprang inte bolng, Tt would be interesting to know exactly how ‘THE REV. FATHER EDWARD PURCELL became a Mnancicr, and something of the par- tleniars of hia carly career in that character, but that knowledgn Js unattainable, now at least, ‘The present great disaster acems tu have entirely warped und changed bis dispost- tlon, and to have xeriously affected his mind, From the genial, kindly man he used to be, ho has become repellant, either morose or hot tempered by turns, and obstiiately unwilling to conversa ahout these topics. It seems, how- ever, that he honestly and impulsively entered, into his brother's plans, atd, cherishing the crroncous {dea thit ho possessed the business capacity in whien hts brother was lacking, set hivecli to provide the means by which those plans might be realized. ‘The Bishop very will- Ingly resiened to him the foancial department. From that time until the final crash, tt 14 averred by the Archbishop, and tmplleitly’ believed by those most intimate with him, ‘that he knew absolutely nothing of the conduct of the fluancea, and had ‘not cven a suspicion of the slightest irreezularity. At frst the Rey, Father Edward Purcell pald no Interest pup deposits. In thut ornfesion be was slinply following 1 long-established prece- dent. ‘The people who put money in bis hunds did 80 merely to have it Ina place of supposed absolute security. Itis mnderstond, however, that some one gnfd to bim, You should pay tn terest. It is only fatr that the money of the poor as well as that of the rie should breed, and it fs by Interest that money breeds, “The banks would pay wien interest for their moanoy, and you sliculd as #eherous to your own people as thy banka would be.” When it was suggested that A PER CENT would be abont the safe unt proner figure, he promptly acceded. It fa not at. all tmprobable that if 14 es cent fostead of 4 bad been advised he would have ngreed to that. But the 4 per cent rate Jasted only a short time. ‘The men Who would haya bein content with no fntcrest, at all thoughe it hard when they were alowed 4 per vont thit they were not in recelpt of as Much os the baits proffered, and grumbled thut they ought to “have 6 per cent, At about the same ume tho Rey, Father Edward began to feel the pressure of a demand for monvy to carry out the Biuhop's projects, which had heen get afloat on the etrangth of the depoalts already it: hand. More money was needed, and when ho announced that thence- forth he would pay 6 per cent mterest, deposits vane ing torrent more than ample to amet Wery then pressing requirement, aml give as- suranes to one of his sanguine temperament thut euch a Pactolian stream vould never run dry, Fron this point was the beginning of the Inevitable end, "The great tnanclat blunder of yin G per cent interest for monoy maul invest- ing itn ways which returned no per cont, nor even the principal, wusa tlt beginning for a career of SUCH STUPRNDOUS MISMANAGEMENT. Meanwhile the Blanop bought a superb sito and rected a truly nuugnificent cathedral upon It, aith a plain but commodious Eptecopal reai- gence in ita rear, What the cost was nobody now knows, for father Edward sinply puld all the billsas they Were presented, Hie MQ ate counts, and docen't remember inuch about that, or indeed about anything, cle, Hut ft could Rot aye been lees thon half ao million thut waa thux expanded here, No needy, stray. ellug congregation uppeated iu vain to the Bishop for ald. Father Rdvurd's moncy-bag Was always open. Up on stout Adains, Where the people were not able tu build wo church for thunselyes, the Mahop ordered a haudeome ou for them, and Father Edward pald ite cost, ‘The orphan waviune und the tnatititions of the Sis- fers af Charity, and a convent up iu Brown County, ull came In fur liberal shures of the fstiog's muniticence through the Father Ed- ward chaunel. ‘The Bistop was fa the position of uchemlst engrossed in xume Important ox- periment, who calls upon bis assistant to Hil Certain vessels with water, nid dreams not of Juterrupting his processes to inquire Whence. the Water comes. Father Edward was all the time doing things THAT LOOKED LIKE BUSINESS, He was receiving inuch nency, paying Interest on itin a very practical-seeming way, supplying Money in any neoded amouut for ayy chertadle orrcligions purpose that met with the Bishop's 8pproval, buying rou) estate here and there, in and about the city, often at apparently tood aiguing, und —luyesting money fa mann facturing und tercuutils concerns, — Buty as it iow turns out, much of the moncy be received ux deposits went immediate. ly to pay: futerest, “um when required Principal of previous deposits; the loans aud Bite made with the Bishop's approval broughs hack no rettirns; the real eatate pureliased he clung to when offered five tines ie valng for it, ne, for tostanee, the all United Slates Baule property,—anel retahied poracarton of until tt bos depreetated below its original cost to ins the business investments were made, not to Teap profit from already siceessfiil auterpriscs, but to rave strugulige firma and individiuis fromm failure. Tn the whole of hie alleged hust- ness corcer hd did nothing unworthy of a well- meaning, good-hearted man, and scarcely any- thing worthy.of a wise one. So matters went on andi Bishop Purcell was mada Arebtixhop in 1850. The only change that elevation made in the Ife of this noble minded, carnest, und self-encriflelng tun was to enlargs the Held of bis benevolenca and tne creage the welehtof lle reaponsibilities. ‘The blaln simoltcity of bis fifo was fn no degree nfe feeted, Inatend of assimlug the pomp and clr- tiktanee povuirly supposed to surroitnd the digulttries of the Clinrch, he still, na he always liad, lived the unostentutious und ecu- homtcal ify of 2 A PARISIE PRIEST. When valuable presents were made to him, ho caused then to be disposed of for the beneht of the orplinn asytutus, For years ho refused to recelye his cathedraticum or dues from the churches in his proylnee, lest thelr payment nicht prees hardly upon somo strucgling pare fshes, und when ab femth this revenue was forced npon him, he stipulated Unit the sms patd should be far less than he was by precedent nud custom entltléd to, and, whew they were reeelyed, he always gave them to charitable in- stitutions, Many very valuable pieces of prap- erty stand recorded di his name, but not ono xquare Inch of round wos actually iis. All were simply hetd in trust by lim tn his oflelal capuelty forthe Church. Even those which he bas Focarilly conveyed by deed, tn order that they might be assigned for the sccuring of the clainis against hin, were only constructively his, and thelr asalgument is, in point of fact, merely a legal form to save them from the clutch of some enger creditors, who would otherwise have: taken advantage of his nominal ownership to force them tose. By this means It Is believed they can be protected ‘until the moncy ts raised to pay the debts, © Father Edward aceumiulated a5 tittle of this world’s cools as hia brother, Much as tie re- cocelved and much aa he paid out, NONE STUCK TO MIN PINUERS, Mo cot the same salary as the other priests at- tached to the cathedral and the episcopal rest dence, $300 n year. He bad a room in the episcopal residence little, ff any, better thin the average third-rtory back room of a Kecond-rate New York boarding-horke. He pulled through the crisis of 1852, and even saved certain bank- dng instititions that were threatentn collapse, for Whe peonle, Trighuened by the fullures all about them, rushed to blm to deposit thelr money. [He never troubled himeelf to keep any book, so that he could have nothing approxtmat- Ing an acetrate fden of what he uwed or what was owlng to bint. Going upon the wiidly Suliacluus theory that everybudl. meant honestly, he scarcely moro thoulit of expecting security: from those to whom he lent money than he did of alvin eveurity to these who mide depostts with him, When a depositor brought him money he snatched up the handfest serap of paper on his desk and noted down the date, amount, and name, nnd that serap was held as tho deposit- or’s certificate. When such 9 acrap was present- ed for payment he nnquestioningly paid, and when it was offuréd a3 the evidence of a elain: for fiuterest, if the party producing it did not want the moticy, he Just dotted down, whereyer there wis a clean spot on the paper, te amount of interest due, When mors money was dopas- Jtted, he marked tt dawn as so much “ patd in,’ and when money Was drawn he serivbled the entry as 80 much “ paid ont! arpen the same. fernp of paper. IJn course of time these entrics would come tocaver the paner with zig-zac, criss-cross, up-and-down, tangled lines of words and figures in x ALMOST INEXTRICANLE CONFUSION. Hs handwriting was very irregutar in its de- grees of Heribility, but at either Its best or worst could easily Taye been forged, and he, having nelther books nor memory, would have paid Wnhesitatingly atorged as Well a8 1 genu- ne certificate. -It fz, Indeetl, believed thut he has Jost conalderable sums in that way. ‘Ten years azo inost of the ulier paper scrap certill- cates having Deen Worn almost out, or been so voyered by cutrics that there was no room on them for any more, he made a relesue, figuring avcounts wp to date, amt to many of the do- posttors he gaye such little books a8 savings banks furnish to their patrons. That spasm of system hoy played the mischic£ with all hope of ever disentangling his affairs far enough to thad out what money he actuolty did receive, and how mueli of the vast ann ‘now duo is lr pont: of fact acetinulated ‘and comnounded interes It must be remambered that he hud alroady been colnyg on abont thirty years, in which thine the oldest deposits. had. more than doubdlad themselves twice over, But fy: the new tasue of certifleates ‘thera was nothing to show when the original deposit was made, or its amount, All that appeared was the aniount sup poset to be on deposit to the credit of the holder of ft as, aggregate, ‘Them upon that basis ho would erect v new mass of chire- graphic taugles. ‘She expert account have for weeks past been wrestling with fatrs, as presented by the claims turned Ln to the trastees for audit, muke ont that consid ably over 500,000 of the total debt repres interest which has accrued upon deposits, und has Deen compuunding In the ten years since the pew certificates were Issued. Respecting all behind that, there ean be nothing but. conjee- ture; but practical men, who haye devoted deep and careful study to the matter, express the oplnion that NOT OVER ONR-MALP of the sum represented as tie present total debt. was ever actually deposited with Father Edward, and that be hus, fn very many instances where interest was not eft to compound, nald to the depositors as Interest: much more than the amount of their original deposits, course that fret docs not relieve him from the obilgation to pay the firineteal also; but the knowledge of it cannot hut niithzate the scem- {us woverity of the juss of # depositors, Father Edward could not say “No” ta any who usked for all. [ft the party soliciting a Joan from him protfered a morteag uke it, but If one was not fortheumin would accept a mere note of hun, One man who borrowed 815,000 from him siinply yave fn return, * Recelved of Father Edward Purcell $15,000," signing his numa to ft nnd that was quity sutisfactory. It 1s aflirmed that not Jess than $50,000 were loaned by It, aud ore atti] outstanding, in puns from 50 to $1,600, fur whieh he received nothing more thin verbal avknowledziments and prouises to pays Andus for worthless notes, he bas torn up hundreds of thent, conyineed that nothing could ever bo collected on them, und hundreds 6tit remuln upon. which the Assignee ns some vague hopes of vetting be 1 pe He'was particularly weak among buelness men, out of their duancial em barragsinents, and da that way hay cot rid of some very lurga sums, By the Hire of one big dry-coods house, for instance, he lost $70,- 0, and by another bankruptey $80,000, and. theae are but sumples of nuinbers of Ins Hannela) transactions ip that lige, So he went imernly sailing along, like thy fabled earthen pot fluat- Jug among the brass ones, HOUND TO GO TO SMASH EN THI END. Meanwhile the Archblshop, not suspecting any- thtag of this, bad conthiued all those years drawing upon liv for money to utd churches nnd fustitutlons of varlous sorts throughout the dtogese, and son tedious lawsuits were costing him pretty heavily, One’ Patrlek Considine, tn dying, left a large farm on Mount Adains to the Aretibtshon for denominational uses. Hts uatu- ral helrs contested the will, und the Hiiation thereupon Jasted many. ra, costing the Arch- blehop $25,000 before [t Was tinally scttled, When the hard Unies cane and deposits fc off, thu dernandstpon Father Edward's trengury were fot correspondingly diininished, ho found tt necessary to Bo oul and ratsu tuoney: by morteaging Teal estate tu which ho hid elung so many years, aul by hypethecating the ‘more or leas Worthless paper whieh bo had con~ Adlugly tateon In exchange for good muney, ‘Then talso roports of other losses by the falt- ures of two local havking Institutions conyerted the ulurm ‘into a panig, wad the ran upon him: began, fo dtd not fast aday, nor av hour, un der ft, in the senso fn whieh savings banks aleht Lo siti to lust, for he run out of caus at the thrat dash, and stopped payment, But he hastened to get Bote Wore money, and bein paying agaia. fn an hour or tivo his strong box was empty. ‘Then he closed, went outanl borrowed sulle tore Money, opened agaln, pald stall out, und closed, Aunt that was the way ho went on from day to day, solvent and honoring all abll- dations for about two hours every forenoon, aid BANKNUIT THR Nest OF THE TWENTY-¥OUIt NOUNS. Ofcourse, the deposltara grew wild. The very uncertainty of whether they were going to bo paid or not maddened them.” Ad excited muld: tude besieced the house, ‘The aged Archbishop noticed (helr presence, und naked what wns the mattes. Father Edward told ifm there was imorely a little temporary Croubla about money, ‘The: other priests fu the house thought thers waa only somo femporary trouble, and bor. rowed for Father Edward from their personal friends seyorul thousand dollars. ‘The uext day Father Edward played paying-teller a Uttle Jouver than usual. ‘Then some wealthy Catho- Me luynion gave-several thousand dollars more; but still the troublo grew daily. At lenath the end was reached. ‘Thers was nothing more to mortgage; No tore money could be raised, and tho depositors kept "coming 1 great’ numbers and with Jarger clatins every day, The hideous fact of a bankruptcy could no leuger bo cuuceal- ed from fie Archbletion, tte at once fnsistedt upon the entire alfalr being turned over tow Board of ‘Trustecs, Even then Father Edward could pot realize Chat he was fa fix From whi he could not get out quite easily (fF Ne had ty ty or thirty thowsunl dollars, avd when t Trustees talkest of fasta $700,000 of honda to mmect the deflelt he pooli-poohed thelr eatiniate ; inl after some olaborate Meurinzs al divin into his memory nesured them confidently tint 252500 would bo more than ample tocover ery cent awed to depoaitore. When, a few weoks afterward, he wos tuforimed that they then knew tnt the debt would exceed 83,000,000 and possibly reach $4,000,000, 1m WAS MORE ASTONISHED than anybody else could poselbly Inve been, and indeed sceins never since ty linve quite ole tent over the stunning effect of that discovers. ‘The allegation hag been made that targe suns of Mur alepaaltors, jnaney trad bee sent to Rome. ‘That, however, is positively de- tied by ine Archulet : At least tio-thirds of the depositors nro Ger- mans, and. three-fourths of the debt is due to them, For awhile thelr anttIrish feeting was dominant, snd they excited each other with funcies that they bad been despaited by un Archbishop of Irish extraction to help trish churches and further the buatness [Interests of Irlebmien. fallure by which Father Edward sustalned nis beavicst loss was thet of an irish Hiro. But upon calm inqulry it was vot found needy Germin fndividual or congregation had ever applied In vain for atd at the episcopal residence. The Geriaans lind recelved little any because they asked for searecly any- luz. : $a TUNNELING THE HUDSON. A Gignnile Enterprise hy Which New York In to Be Connected with Now deraoys New York Letter, More than four yeara ago the Hudson Tunnel Company commenced the shaft. for on under- ground communieation between New York sud detsey City beneath the bed of the Hudson Iuver to enable the numerous railroads ter nfuutliys in dersey Clty to continue thetr tracks into the metropolis. Litigation was instituted that put a stop to the work, but this hos now happily terminated, and the passage of 9 bill nensting in the New York Legislature will svon entige the resumption of the work. It ts only nevessury to consider the gigantic traMe of the Erie, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Lackawanna & Western, New dersey Central, aud other roads toshow the tinportance of the cars yolng direct into the city Instead of having to depend on the transfer of frelunt and passengers hy the ferry- bonts. ‘The saying of the uit lessening of expeuses cannot fai) to be sattafactory and profitable to all coneerned. All the plans are settled, the means provided, and it Is ealeu- lated, that the tuanel ent be constructed fh nbout two sears, ‘The entrance to the tunuel on the Jersey side will be {00 fect from the river banks, ‘There will be 5,400 feet under the hed of the river, the createst depth being VF feet, aud 8000 feet on the New York side, making the entire tunnel about 23¢ miles long. For tle purpose of expedition, it 1s proposed to work from ench alde of the river at the anime time, employing as niany men as can be suc- cessfully employed, changing them every efght hours, is doing three dayal work” every tiventv-four hours. The tunnel will be 26 fect in width and 2¢ feet tu bight, with a double track of heavy ateet rails, and capable of passing 409 trains every twenty, hours, [t will be pafnted white and Tit with gas, while ‘the lozo- motives will constune thelr own steam and stoke, rendering the pasagze pleusant nas well os apeedy, nob more Shan six imine ules belng reaulred, ‘The President, Mr, Haskins, has a patent for the use of compressed alr, Which, In councetion with other impor: {nut appliances, will complete thls work at tnteh fess expense than hus attended any other stintlur construction. No expensive coffer-dain, calssone, or Brunel aliielas will be required, ‘The uso of compressed air tntoduced inlo the fuce of the tunnel with enMcient pressure to botd in place or keep back und prevent the irrption ‘of silt, clay, or water, is expected] to overcome the difiiculties usually expcricnced {n constrac! jig auch works. ‘The aly-pressure wit] also carry: back to the worklug-shafts all sund, mud, or Water that may aceumulate in the heads whilo the workimen are making the excavations, ‘The slr-pressure is also expected to assist in keeping ont water and upholding the roof of earth during the excavation, which is to be made by tires sets of workmen on platforms, one above the other, ‘The masonry will be colng on na fast as the excavation {9 made, the brick- work doing three feet thick amd Ioid with cement, Ipia 2 gigantic enterprise and deserves to eneceed, without any of the impediments that now binder the contpletion of the great stispenalon bridge across the Enst River. ‘The vapital ofthe Company ($10,000,000), [tis sun. posed, will be abundant to put the work in uctual operation within two year PISCATORIAL Tho Senson’s Operations of the Dotralt Fish-UnteheryTho Young = ry Now Being Deposited in tho Inland Lakes. Detyatt Past, March 2 At this season of the year the Nsh-hatchery on. Atwater street fs the scene of great activity. The millions of young whitellsh which have licen hatehed from the spawn gathered last fall aire just now helng shipped to varlous points througivut the Stute, to be placed in te inland takes which are so numerous in Michigan. Dur- {ng the paat week 1,595,000 young fish haye been Bent out from the hatchery. Of these, 50,000 were placed in the Dotroit River, 800,000 were deposited fn the lakes slong the ine of the Detrolt, Grand Haven, & Mil- waukee Read, and a aiinilar deposit for the Contrul Michlgau = lakes onthe Mne oof the Flint & Pere Marquette Talway. ‘The Tatter wero distributed as fol- lows. Croaked Luke, Clare Cat 180,000; re Clare Cunnts, 80,000; Btar Lake, 70,0003 Upper ‘Twin Lake, Lake 00; Lower Twit Luke, Lute ‘The remainder were sent to teofthe. State, There are atilt ro- mainiig at Me hatchery eggs aud teh to the atinber of 1,000,000, whieh will be depestted durlig the ensuing taree week ‘The stocking of the fikuad Asli ty now un cstublished st then haylig heen caught and ace parts of the State weleliny Ul to five pounds, whieh wero planted a few since by the Fish Commiestoncrs, ‘The work of propagation ivan juteresting one, amd as carried on ut the Detroit hatchery 13 worth seelng, Tn the tall the employes of Uw Fish Commis: stoner visit the fisheries along the river ad col- lect the spawn from the whitellab us they are brought tn. ‘This fs-tespregnated and seit to the batehery, and jn dug course of thas the Ht- tle tlsa uppear, ‘They are then fed and eared for nntii the shlpplug season arrives, when the hutenvry {s cleared Until the new crop of pawn tivathered, ‘The youn fish subslst largely upon the insceta whiel abound 1 the water, although: thers fsa food prepared and tek them at me hatebery. fh couedsts of Jubbered: mule and Uy er chopped into mlntite particles, ‘The flsh ent this food with avidity aud grow rapidly upon it, ‘the whitellsh ts the only xpeeles of the tiny trlbe whieh will not feed upon ths own Kind, and. henco itis not ditilcalt ta rilse birge umbers of them together, ‘The Detroit batehery is des voted exclusively to the propagation of white. fish, the srayling and salmon trout belng raged ut the Pokagon tateher! 3 Rouey Lak ater 8 with white: ees, Inany ot anda different Sete Yor ies, Among the most famous of the world's walk Ing matches are seme of thoau recorded fp mill- tary history, where the obstacles of heavy bur dene and dittvult ground were added to those of the and space. ‘The march of the heayily> armed Nvartans in 400 1. C,, from Lacedivinen to Marathon, covertngz 150 wniles of alniost road Jess country dn three daya, would have earned igh commendation In an aye of sporting papers. ‘The Const] Nero's march to the Metaurus, to sitrprise the Carthainiang (201 B. C.), lasted two days und a night, with the slightest posai- Die lutermisslon, the dotdlors takiug food from the hands of the country-veople, and eating It as they went. Hanulbal’s retreat from Zune upon Carthage brought hin to Andrumetum, aixty-lhrce miles distant, between dawn and snighitfall, the pursuing Rowans ascomplshing the same distance (n-cvgy loss time, Canara Tenth Leylun nebleved a fiaraltel, feat in Gaul, while in heavy marchlay order, The Rerucau Swiss, When sumMnuned to uld those of Boleure tn repelling an invasion, are sald to have answered the call so promptly thut the newly- haked louves which they carried with them wera barely cold on arrival. © Frederiels ii Great, on the hottest day of the terrible summer of 1780, dnula kind of racewith Marshal Daun for the occupation of an important post, both armies miakiig such speed that SCO Prusstane and 800 Austrlins dropped dead on the Mine of march from sheer extiaustion. Frederick's younger brother, Heary, during tha same war, Inarched for fiity hours, with only three juterventng halts. Napoleon's “Old Guard repeatedly mace sixty miles ina duy during the igeeat campaled of 1813; und ony uf tho: Rugslan regiments tu Central Asia is stated, on: good authority, to have accomplished auventy-cight. ‘The aimitar exploits achieved during thé Indian mutiny of 7, aud the American Civil Wat of 1001-5, aro tuo well kuown to need repetltion, CARBONATES. A Fresh Field in the Vicinity of Alamosa, Colorado. Uncertainty Yet ns to Whether the Ores Aro Rich Enongh fo Pay for Working. The Route from Pacblo to the New Camp---Mountains and Mex- icons, Funny Court-Sceues in the Contennial State---Tho San Luis Velloy. Enecttl Correspondenes of The Tribune, Anamosa, Colo. March 1.—For some weeks there have been frequent telegrams and com- munications published In the Denver papers, announcing great diacoyerics of very rich ear- Donates In thle vielnity, and, bets fn Puchto. yeaterday, I determined to come down and ds. vover, if possible, how inuch trutn there might he In the atatementa, "The ride here oyer tho Denver & Itio Grande Rallroad {3 w very pleasané ove, uit the latter part of it very wild and picturesque. Yrom Pueblo to Cucharas, about fifty mites, Ib passes: over the plalis, Just far enough from the mount- ala-ranges to goften thelr aeperities and make the yew very beautifvl; while, on the other alde, extends to the eastern horizon the un- broken, Iimitless sea of prairie, But, at the httle Mextean hamtet of Cuchuras, the road turns abruptly to the west, following the wind- ings of Cucharas Creek through the pretty ‘Towns of Walsenburg and Lo Veta,—tcaying those famous landmurks, ‘TU SPANISH PRAKS, to the left, Int close ut Mand. ‘These peaks are twin mountalus, close torether, standing out, on the plains Ike lofty sentinels guarding the approaches of the loftler Sangre dv Christo rauge. Quite a number of sliver-bearing velns Dave been found upon thelr steep eldes, whieh have been worked with falr, but varying, ste- cess for years, ‘They are noted landinarks, and, though not ns high as Pike’s Peak or Mt, Blanca, they staud out so far from the range that they can be seen for along distance from the north, east, and south. Tagalug theae, the road soon enters the pas- sage of the range avindIngaround the footor Veta Mountain, and climbing its steep sides by « grade of 215 feet to the mile, winding and almost doubling itself over the famous * Mule- Shoe Curve” (a marvel of engineering skill), unifl the {rain stands almost over the spot it left afew moments before, but 600 feet above At, nnd finally crossing the range nt the cele- brated Veta Pass, ‘Chis pass Is about 9,500 feet above the sea, belnt ‘Tuk IIGMEST PASS crossed by n railroad in America, and sald to be the second In hight tu the world, being exceeded only by one tn Peru. . It fs 1,800 fect higher than the passat Sherman, where the Union Pacitle Railroad crosses the Rocky Motntalns, "The change in temperature was very manifest from the warm and pleasant atinusphere ut La Vetn; here it was so cold as to be thoroughly chilling. From this polut the road descends, oy a long grate of fourteen miles, to Fort Garland, and to thls point, seme twenty-tve iniles further. ‘Alamosa is a pretty Ittle villoge, tocated tn the fertitc San Luls Valley, on the right bank of the Klo Grande River.-which fs even here quite a conatderable stream,—and surrouuded on every aide by snow-covered mountains. Directly tothe east rises shorply the peak of Mt. ianea, elained to be the highest in Colorado, risiny nearly 14,600 fect, and witha central coue 80 steep and precipitous that D'rof. Hayden, with lls party, was wot ablo;to reuch {ts surmimit, but took its altitude from a lower plano by tri- angulation. eweapm—-- °/ gate TNE TOWN OF ALAMORA faa lively intand place, dalug a laree trade with De! Norte nud the San Juan country, Its bust- neas-houses are extenstye, and its stores would do credit tou much farger place. It is located fn Conejos County (pronounced as ff spelled Conshoud)y and {he settlers of the county as yet ure largoly Mexicans, though the town ts i R y Atmeriean. ‘The couuty-seat {a at Conejos, aud almost all the county officers: wre Mexteaus. ‘The tlde of immigration will, however, probably soon change this state of affairs, “Shu Mexieans mostty still adhere to their old hablts of living and agricaltur fig in tone, rows of adoby houses ane story mind touching each over, fronting on one side of a tong street or plazas and, in farming, we a crooked stick for plowing, lke those we see in the pletures of Biblical antiquities, 1 saw quite anumber of these Mextean villuges yes- terduy as J caine over the rail; aud near one of them was a largo flock of goats, numberlng per- hapa a hundred, A ratlroad-train is to these Mexicans an Increasing wonder and delight; and the eondtictor atid that every day they gathered in. front of their dwelllugs—menu, women, and ehildren—to see it, pase. ‘They are generally peaceable and law-ablding, aud TOO LAZY TO MAKE ANY TROUBLE. They are algo improving radually by contact. with Auericuns; und one dealer told'me here to-day that duriye Inst year he sold over 300 lowe, and expected to set] more this season, ‘The mountain Jytns some tweuty-flvo miles to the test and suuth have been for years work- ad for their mineral deposits, but haye hitherto been worked mostly for gold. ‘The marvelous deposits of silver, however, carried in the before neileeted carbonates ot lend at Leadville, have awakencd a general interest all. over the Biate, and guiners .iave everywhera kept thelr oyes open for similar veins aud deposits jn other parte af the State. Lust dail there war a wild, hut brief, excliemoent (n the vicinity of Boulder, arising from the suppuced discovery of a larce Held of curbonates in tlut section; hut the as- anys Ruan dissinated the ho) Later, earhon- ates wero found near Silver Cif, causing an im- mediate ruah to that Jovality, which still con- a large degrey; od, Within the lust the ery went out that IMD DHCOVEIILS OF CARDONATES had been Jound fn the foot-hills near Alamosa Creek, aud twenty-fye imiles froin Utls place. Crude assaya cuvy the most promising results, and tho reglon jy that vieinity Is now being versed by hundreds of prospectors, mostly: perlenced miuers trom Del Norte and the San ‘As yet not a large almost exclusive e Juan country to the weet, number have come by raft, The reports from the camp are extremoly con- Altius, und it fd impossible us yot to get at the trath of the matter, There secms to be no question but that 4 good many silyer-beartiys veltws have been found; bat whether they are true carbonates, or whether the grade of ore is igh enough to pay for mining and milling, aro questions whieh cannot bo settled until there have been returns trom somo quantities of the ore which have been sent to Denver for reduc- tion. ‘Tho mifil-roturns d WILL SETTLE THB MATTER fu ashort thine, favorably or unfavorably. Mr. Cilttord, of this place, who brought down one ot the’ first lola of ore, thinks thera Is not chough allver to pay fur working the m{nos, Judge Bowen, of the Routhern Circult of Cot- radu, says he tas uot beard of any relate assays running over miuctuon aunces of silver to the tow On the other hand, Mr. Hany, editor of the Colurada Jadepeadent, published here, says ho hus great faith In the discoveries, and knows of aasdys mining over seventy ounces. Sante sterles ure told of assays well up Into the hundreds, ‘As it now stands, { would not sdytse a rush of prospectors into this camp wotll the mill. returns hava proved the value of the ores. This will bo known within two or three weeks; and there are parties interested cnouch hero tomate itknown ta the world us soonas knows, 1¢ wit require mitlreturas of ifty. to soventy ounces to muke it protitable mining, If the re- (urns are favorable, trausportation will bo VENY EASY AND CHEAY, as the grades between this polnt (the present terininus of the railroad) and the cainp aro yery cusy. ‘Therols naw @ kook wazon-roail; and, as the railroud bss been graded almost there, it would bu an easy matter ta complete it to that point, so avoiding the cnurmous cost of freighting now experienced by Yhosa abipping ores front Leadyitle, My own impression, guth- ered frum all that Leau see uu bear, ds, that some valuable discoveries uf vilver-bearing ore havo been and wilt be mude in this locatity; but whather they will prove tu be true carbonates, with wall-rocks ‘in place,” romaing to bo suon, 1 visited at Alamosa the ofllce of tha Colerada Judependent, w lively wide-awake weekly (not weakly), conducted by Messra, Ham a& Finley, tivo gentlemen who are alive to the needs of a now country wid all ite iuterests, aud whose pleasant courtesies and ready Information ride mg. my quest. ‘ 'Fhis afternoon I apent a short time in hearing rather ATUNSY SUIT FOR ANSAULT AND BATTERY, in which a Chinese woman was plaintiff, aud 20 Trish urass-widow was defendant, It cena that, as the Marstal said, the Irlah woman slept over 8t. Patrick's day, and dotermined to cele- Drate on the noxt day by lick ay a ‘heathen Chine" The Court waa held in the Justice's wiy—throngh the Wnot-holes Inthe floor li, the audience, inde skilful hy long- u » expectorated with wonderful precision, The ffonorablg Court, without collar or veat, ail with bolr standing “Uke quills upon the fretted paren plBas sat with a conscious Mentty, as ithe retth ment of the whole Chinese ques- tion reated npon tis shoublers, gle-Alylits of cloquetice by th unsel on either #3 aud, durin an Imparaioned word-palntin, 2 Wrongs suffered by defendant, i justlil- cation of ber ussault, the Chinese woiman—Sin ‘Toru, more cominonily called “ Pete” —beenine much excited, shouting Heap Het! and com- menced vigorurisly Kicking the defendant, to th feet Magust of the dicnifled Court. But per- haps the most comufeal of all the features of the easy waa Whett, on a point of practice raised by the counsel, on which the statutes of the State sere clear unt! explicit, the Court gravely deter- inined thut ha was a dustice olected under 0 tneaviqrarganization, and, thereture, na Not subject to the statutes of the States, and cuolly overrated them. A srony 18 TOLD afthfaanined, P., Muorlantd, that, onone occasion, one Pat Molloy was brought before him charged with ossnult, ind battery. After rending The complaint, the Court as! if ho would wlead guilty or not. rite “Guilty, your Hanor anid Pat, Well, da you want me to fmpanel a Jury aud gu on with ihe trial! “No, your Jronar; T don’t need any jury nor trink I jas pristnt when F hit the bloody enalpeen over the head, nnd J can swear J at guilty aud realy to pay my fine”? © ‘That won't do, Pat,’ sald the Judee, "You are av unreliable in your state mments that Tcan’t take your word for It, and will be compelled to proceed with the trial. Aud he did 6y, the Jury conilenving the truth of Hat's plea, aud talhiag him unnecessary costs of aboat 825 after which the Court adjourned to the sazmpie-roem, Friend, Hum, of the Independent, tells ANOTHER STORY, ofa Court in La Veta, where the testimony of a Chiucso was objected toon the ground that he afd not understandd or regard the obligation of ap oath. To test this, questions were ueked about as follows: “Joho, do yon know anything about God??? “No, me no belly well acquaint with hit," “ave you nu Joss in China ¢?? “oO hes Cottey heapes Joss.” “Where da you go when you dict" “Me goto San Flaneiso.? “Not You don’t understanl me. | When nan quit washieo all tine, and nu live ony where toes he got!” Q, yeal Me sebe now. If he belly goadee man, be go luppee sky. If he belty baddee anau, he go luppee down hellee, allee stmee Mell van man? ‘The Court was satisfied with his competency usa witness; and, thouh the opposityy coun- sel insisted that there wasn bios to his eyes it not to his mind, he was permitted to testify. TUE SAN LUIS VALLEY isn favorite for sportsmen, as both the fishing nud bunting are exceptionally good. [t fa also largely visited by tourists, ‘on avconnt of the fine scenery Woon the road; und is the must. direct roututo Lake City and the San Juan country. Barlow & Sanderson, of the Sonth- em Overland Mall Company, ranadatly Hoe vf staves weatward from Alamosa, connecting with the trains of the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, ‘The hospitality of the people of all these mountgli-tawns 3 conapieuons aid worthy of mention. It is auly necessary to present your- self ina pleasant and unassuming way, to eecttre a cordial greeting, all the tuformation th their power tu give, and the best they have of hospitality. as further developments as to mining mat- ters are made, I will write ugain. DS. C, EDISON SERENE. Satisfied with Hin Electric Lamps, and Go- ing io Try Them in Metuchen, Sao Virk Wortd, durch 2. When a World reporter eutcred Edison's workshop at Menlo ark yesterday the inventor exclaimed: What brings you here? id you hear 1 bad been illuminating this bellding with my electric lamp!” 'This ews had not yet ‘There were ca- yeached New York, the abject of the visit belt, to ask how the clectric light was gotting alunz. 1t bad been suggested that the golution of the problem of lighting by electricity was slow of fulliliment, and that there was a general desire to know what Edison was doi Edison Jaughed. “I've had eighteen lamps golng in this workshop,’ eaid he, “and they worked perfeetly, All those lamps were sup- picd from a two-nnd-a-half —horse-power Gramme munching, and cach lamp war equal in britlianey to sixteen candles, J rigged them up to show our stuckholders, und I expect some uthers of the Company down here to-nignt.”” “Tlave you overcome aif the obstacles that ‘cin your way?’! asked the reporter, ALi that Is left for me to do,” auswered Ed- {son, “fs to do away with mechanteal defects, ‘The problem of subdivision is solved, ‘The ques- tlon of evonumy fa suswered, ‘The burner is no Jonger lected” by cheileal action, und it aets pertectly well in the seated glove.” “When, Chen, is the lump to be put on the market!” “Thad intended as an experiinent to light Meulo Hark with wy lampa, but ecneluded that 4s there tre su few honses here the experiment: would not he couchwive. Therefore, same thine thts summer 1 intend to Heht up Metuchen, two mites off, whieh isa large place, und which will offer tests that contd not be found here, f will run the current over voles, It is my oblect to present the lamp in atich a way shut all kinds mul classes of people may baye ‘an opportunity to judxe at ivan to compare it with oll other modes of iltumnation, It Ismore tinportant to me that the servant in the kitehen should e: press her mind on the Janp, with regard slinply to its Melting power, Uist bat ner mlstress: should wonder over {t ns a novelty without com paring tt proverly with gas. When f have broucut it to chat degree that it ds poplar my work will be dong, and the Company will take churze ot the whole matter.” * How does the Company feel with regard to the Hight?” “Well, [have heard that my backers went back on tne, If 5 ne cura JT dou't know tty and J don't bolicye any one can buy any of the Company's stock now at any price. [haven't the slightest doubt that suiticlent money wilt be given ine to carry out thla experiment ot Nght- ing Metuchen, Ltell you what tt fa," he con- tinued, {a imore ontinoted tone, when a nan Hnds a system of Mghting that costs, taking the fleures of gus, W5'g cents o thousand feet, ft isn't necessary for him to bother about what people thluk if he’s sutistled in’ his own mint that he lg right. ‘The great trouble with olectrie: Vighting bas been on account of the fatlire of the voltale are to produce uny good results, und consequently the whole thing has fallen out of popular fayor, ‘The fact is, Uint the same lows: wich govern the distribution of ordinury tilu- we injuxting yas govern the dlstribution of the elegtrie current iu the form of ‘The two lights are produced by incantes partleles of carbon being present in gay sad platinnn fn the electric lamp. But the electric Hight by itiea descence Las at advantage entirely unkvown in Uaghting by av. ‘Ths is the almost utter absence of heat.mys. ‘The amount of heat in the flaine from on Basjet w itteen times greater than fn the electric lamp. AS A consequence the vast amount of energy required to produve the heat of a gas flame fo utiized jn the electric hamp to pradtice ht. Besides this, the gas furnished in cities {s not. rich In carbon, and, while ( gives alurge flame, it throws out Hetle Huh, Just fancy: the ewo sides of a fiah-tall flame givoout alight equal to eight candies, while the two tdues given light of seven eaudles. ‘That fea daproportian whleh shows there should be some evneentration of Nght, Yot thls cannot tic at fected ju gas-Heht. 2 attain this object in my lunp, ‘The burner is only 8-10 of an inch fa Alent, and the Iight fs about the same fllaien- glons; yet the iMiminating power fs greater thea that of the ordinary gas fane.” * Iluye you a idea what it will cast to lay a conductor from Menlo Park to Metuchen!” No; f havo not yet made enleuttions with regard to thats but in fayluy such a conductor the expense will not ba su great that the protts will not amply pay for the nionoy invested. ‘Tho conductor will be composed of bundles of wires and the current will be distributed e: vy ke gas. 1 will get oix gas-jets por horse-power— und, remember this, ab a cost equal to 15 conts por 1,000 feet of way. ‘There ta nu comparison atallto be made between gas and the cleegrte Ygot" . All Partles Getting a Show, Hoxton adoertiver. For harmony in politics, commend us to Bac- ramento. ‘There [tis possible to hold a caucus aud give all partics a showlny,—miore oF Juss equal. ‘Ibe Democrats of that elty called a meeting the other day, but the Worklugmen captured It. Then, before the latter wore well started, thy Republicans atepped in witn a bal- auco of power, made all the specches, wi adopted all the resulutlons. y witherat “one, From the nbove cuust ALASICA. Official Revort of the Commander of H. B.M, Ship Ozprey---A Terror. Stricken People. A Hondfal of Whites Opposed to Thou. sands of Bollying Intians-—A Chief Inciting War. San Francisca Storning Gall, 1.3. M. Sie Oseury, Sitka, March 10,— fm: I haye the honor to forward you a report that f have drawn up of what I think to be the situation uf the people of Sitka, While the Rarrison remained at Sitka the Indians were Kept in check by authorfey nant the place in a state of defense, there being a strong stockade between the Indian village aud the town, ‘The troops were withdrawn in June, 1877, and with them disappeared all vestige of vower. Since that thine the Indians bave been growlng more and more turbulent nnd troublesome, and more exceasive and extravagant in thelr demande on the white people. They tore down a great part of the stockade and carried off the wood, ‘The Governtnent buildines were despolled of every- thing valuable, aud euine turn to pleces for the sake of the lumber. ‘The eltizens were sub- jected to fnsvlence, the Indlans making no acruple of saying that the United States Gov- ernment did not care for Sitkny tht it was tele to them, snd they should do os they Iiked. ‘This itl-feollug has been steadily increasing, and the tollowing circumstances have, I think, brouglit matters to their present state, CAUSE OF THE Finest TROURET. ‘Toward the end of lort yenr, ab Indian who had been on a long detinuch forced himself into a miner's roo, and, tyding some whisky, drank himeelf Into a.stapor, from which he never recovered. dying that night. The miner washeld responsible for his Wife under their systent of retaliation of money conipenration, and £2,000 was detuanded, The miner, fearing that trouble might come on the whole town, os they threatened tu tabe the Hives of two white men If thelr demand wus pot satisticd, offered thei, tu the absenco of the Collector of Cus- tomns, $250, which was oecepted und paid. Fam given tu urderstund that there have been sev rat ininor cases of blackmatling. BROWN'S MURDER, Abant the 1st of January un American eltizen called Thomas 4. Brown, whe Kept a id ot hotel at Hot Springs. about twelve mites dis- tant, was fonnd merdered in his house, Of the ors, tivo were Knossn, and the chicls s informed that unless they were civen un would be eld’ responsible. They were given up and sent to Portland, Ore., per steain- tr, for trial, ; A NRW CHIEP WANTS WAR, At this tme ft beeaine known Uiat a young tan who had succeeded to the position af chict or head of the famiy was getting very violent in Is threats of retaliation in case of the arrest of these men; that he waa using wil hla inilu- enee to excite Iz relations aud others to join him finan attaele on the town for the purpose of insuring their retesse, taking the place, and turdermg the inhabltants,—falding out as an inducement that they could get enough pinnder In the town ‘to’ endble them to live thtee or four yeure In the anauntalpe, and that {t would etter to tet thelr houses gu und have their we on the white men. ANOTHER PRETEXT POR TROUBLE. On (he 2th of Juuuary. auotber pratext for excithi: trouble was brought forward, dnduly, 1878, tve out of six Indians who had shinped [1 a schoover tradins to the Western waters Were, with thelr Cuytaia nud-mate, drowned through the swamping of a boat. On becomins® aware of this, a deputation called nu the Collector and demanded paviment tor their Hyves, stating tlut they were relations of the decoured, and That, {fF the money were not forthcomluy, there woud bea Sus. This deputasiun was found aut efterward to be an experimental embassy from the turbulent, elilets. i A few days afterward he appeared to he entis- fied, nnd.satd that be had talked foolishly when drank., He udinitted thot the men had kiled Brown, and sald they should be hung at once im front of the Indian village. { tated that he hnd- no clutin for the fives of the Indlans drowned, but asked the Collector to try aud pet what wagers were due to them, which the Callector praintsed ta do, ANCUTEM A WAM All this time, however, he wus endeavoring to Incite his people to attempt a rescue, and the very night: on whleb he made this protestation ho assembled bis clansmen, with as many more as he could induce to follow bin, and Ina large Torce and armed was droceesting fw the exesn- uon of hls threat, when le was met at tie gate of the stockade by seyeral of the friendly chiefs, who, alter much perenaslon, induced Yn to return, using as thelr ctrongzent argue auents that the white men liad heard of his tne tention and were prepared for hin. ‘This vce curred on Feb, 6. OUTRAGEOUS DEMAND. On the th of February the -surslying Indians from the schooner arrived aid wld that. the master of the schooner bad coptracted with them for $5a day Hf they would remain with ihm after the fal! of 1877, Thints evidently a mere protest for bluekinailing, the regular wages belny only $13.4 month. ‘The chief has, however, given it out that be will not bo sntis- fled with Jess, and that unters he fs pula within ushort time he willtake it out of the Sitka stores, amt he is only waiting until the snow goes off. a iittiec to enforce his demands, STIRWING CP NIIGHWONING THEES. After this ho left the place, saylye he was. colug to Wrangel, but from intormation whieh: admits of but little doubt itis certain that he has gone to the north tu attempt to ieite the various tribes of Indians settled there, with whom he has relations by mucriage, to joln hint for the sake of the plunder to be gained from the town; anid ft fs estimated by the Indians, and nlso the peopl here, that, should he ruc ceed, hu would he able to bring at least ifteen war canoes, each holding tweuty men, thus tue creasing his thting power by 800 mer. Sitka, from the nature of the ground, [8 com- posed of a number of strargling houses, those vest udapted for defense being in Use part of the town neorest the dndiun villages. STATEMENT OF TUE COLLECTOR OF CUaTOMS, The following is an extract fram a report [ure nished ine, at my request, by Col, Bull, Collector ‘of Customs: Smumedtately adJolulng' the town, and stretching along the shore to the westward, lies the Indian village, of sixty-one lodges or dwetliuze. ‘These have ut average occupation of fiftoen or twenty each, but a capacity of titty to 100, ‘The population properly belonging to this. village is just abort 1,00), dwindling to 500 or 600 In the summer time, when the hunting pure ties are ont, but in the winter frequently reach fiver 2,000, when the visttars fram the Northern tribes come in, Of the 1,000 Indfans belonging here, the male portion capable of bearing arma is variously vetinated. ‘They themeclyes fix 1 neOOO, and there may be a preponderance of men, owing to thelr girls having been sold or married off [bly certain that not less thun 800 orealways proscnt. Sitko is the meal northerly white settlemontan tho coast. It is 160 miles from Wrangle, with only monthly communica: Jot. ‘Co the northivard, along the Inner jshanes betireon the Islind und us fur as Callchat Bay, are pumcrons other tilbes—amoug them the Atks-Fubkous, Hootzmous, Chilchats, Hoonalis, Cokes, Kayons Yah-Rettes, Mtoushekius, Chi coota, wud others, ‘These are distant from one to ten days? ran by canues, ‘There ts a close re- lationship oF, frequent intermarrying between thy Sitka Indians und several of the tost pow. erful, notably the Chilehuly, Cokes, Folikus, aint iks, ‘They number, fu the opinion of the most intelligent Indian | kuow here, fully 6,000 men, wut are fleree aint warlike, Dans sure of the accuracy of his menus of knowledze, and 1 ean imagind no motive for his misstatement under the cirenmatances under whieh hls Information ‘wos Ulvett ‘Thits, then, hus atood the situation since the al of the troops, ‘The total forces of whits men capaplo of bearliyg ating is aizty-cight, but the men who could be relied upon to use luvin eficlently In ease of an outbreak will not reach fifty. Distributed anwng these ary flity brvech-luading United States Npringileld rifles — an excellent armi—and ammunition. ‘Shere are alsa a few Winchester rifles nad other aris, ‘The Indians belongiyg here autnumber, us we seen, our eifuctive Nght foree to with friendly reserves of 1,000 to draw from incase of trouble once begun or decided on; and thatit tas been gradually ewlininaling ever alnce the withdrawat of troops, Lom tirmly persuaded, CERTAINTY OF MASSACRE IN CASE OF ASSAULT , BY INDIANS, ‘The white poputation of Sitka ts catimated at about 320 whites, about 240 being Ruselan-born subjects who havo becoue United States cltl- zeud,—the remaluder being, with few excuptions, orn citizens of the United Sta namely: the strag- git nature of the town und proximity of the Tudfin yilaco; the preponderance of Nghting fn favor of the Iudiang, which, shonid the Chilo! bo successful In hte endeavors, would be fa- ercased abuut twelyo to ono; the absynce of the stockade, un the fact tint tho castle, na it’ ta vailed, which aright be made tmoregnatilo to any assault from the Indians, only diliicuts. ty being the procuring of wat 4s out of ree pairs convinees mu that an attack made quickl? and violently, and with sy system of organiz.t- tion, woul reantt in the destruction of ‘a larze. portion of the women and childrens before Uimny coutd Uo ptoced ‘In safety, unless tiinely notica hat been given. CONDITION OF AFFAIRS WHEN THH OSPREY Ale KIVED AY SITKA | This I benteve to have been the atate of affairs when the inhabltants, Anding thelr altuntion ite ANoreLOUIR, ‘ded to apneat to the Captain of any uf ber Majesty's ships at Esqtilmalt for im- niediato assistiunce, as being the nearest port, where 0 man-of-war of any matlon {s stationed. On tiny arrival at Sitka, which, from had - ind thick weather, was detained until the tat ol March, { found the intabitanta Ina state. of great anxiety und alarm, the Clicl being cx nected buck, by the computation of the Indians, the next day, When thera Is nu dount. an fininy dinte attnck would have taken place, ns he would ejther haye to tht so as ty allow bis fol {nie fe gain thelr plunder orelse pay then ainsett, “ Lam {nelined to think that this alarm has not Veen vaused by any undue fear, but that the }p- abltants were fully alive to the belplesancas of their situation, ‘The arrival of this ship changed the aspect of * affairs, nud the fears of an finmediata’ attack passed away; the inhabitants wore enabled to steep tn compmrative safety tind perce, and tha tone ant manner of the Indians changed, . The Chief has not returned, etther {siinable to stir iy cutuse he his rolatives, or, what {6 Ikely, he hos been Informed by his friends here of the presence of a man-of-war, and that under the circumstances he 1s fot prepared elther. ta Nght or pay them, AIIUVAL OF THE OLIVER WOLCOTT. On Sunday, March 2, the revenue cutter Oliver Wolcott arrived from Port Townsend. The nextday I met Capt. Seldon in the Cole lector's ofliee, by appointment, After talking the matter over. they both expressed so strong an opinion, in whieh [ fully coucurred, that the Oliver Wolcott alone was inadequate for the deseuse of the place, and that i I left affairs would assuine thelr former state, that I decided to remain, at Jeast until the arrival of the Call- fornix, by which shin I was in hopes some fur ther agsistance would be sent. WHY THE OSPREY REMAINS, ‘The reason for arriving at the conclusion thal the Ollver Wolvott is insuiliclent for the protec« ton of the inhabitants [5 that. although she would be ablejto destroy the Indian village,—enr- sylog three twenty-four-pounders,—yet, in con sequence vf the small number of the crew,—{0 all, L velleve, thirty,—she would be unable ta afford avy satcrial asalstance for the protection of women and elifldtren, or ta check the Indians in sacking the town. 1 also am of the opinion that the destruction of the Indina village fs ao inatter that. admits of question, as there are a great nainber of friendly Indians who have ledges and . proverty there, the destroying of whieb, and posaltls: the loss of some of their lives, would tend to make them cast their lots with thy others, oven tf the threats and persue sion of their relatives liad not compelled or thelr eke of plunder induced them tv do so viously. ye Indians are fullyaware of the weakness of the Oliver Wolcott, aid on her arrival openly suid that they were not afraid of her. q AMAN-OF-WAM ESSENTIAL TO PRESERVE THY PEACE, In coneluston T beg to state that I feel certatn that the presence of the Oliver Wolcott aud this ahip has averted a scrious calamity, and that if is my firm conviction that. nothings but perma nent protection aud some sort af Government, having authority, will enable the white people to live here without molestation from the Indians, to carry on thelr trade und develop the resources of the countrys and {fT may ventura, todo so, without belug thought presiniuptuous, L would stiggest that the protection should take the form of a man-of-war in preference to troops, although they might bo combined with advan- taye,—ag, belus niovable, ashiy could at various tlines visit the numerous tribes aud villages ttercd along the coust, un algo be usefully ployed ln surveying the inner channels, of winch’ litle is Known at present. 1 nave the honor to by, sir, your obedient servant, H, Hotans Acoutt, Commander, ZULULAND. The Disposition of the Beltish Forccan Cetywayo Hurvesting~The Attitude of tho ‘Tronavnal Boors—Disquieting Yows. Corresnandenes Landon Datly News. ¢ Carz Town, South Africa, Feb. 18.—The past week, in common with the whole yerlod whieb has elansed since the disaster nt Isandila, Use been characterized virtually by complete m- action on both sides. On our part, we have found it impossible to’ resumno the offensive until considerable retnforcements have arrived, ‘Nhe Interest. principally attaches to Cole Pear- eon, Who remming coped up at Etkowe with a foren of nearly 1,740 men, of whom 1,800 ere combatants, 14/s position {3 quite impregnable. ‘The fort fs provistoucd onty for a short period, which whl make relief a matter of present necessity, ‘The manner in which the object 1s to be accomplished, whether by forcing through a convoy or bringing way - a” portion of the garrizon, has” yet to be deter- ‘mincd upon. — Probably” the fatter menus will be adapted. Lord Chelmaford is at Foru Yenedos, ni intrenched post on the Zulu side of the Tugela, flve miles above ite mouth, mok- ing the necessary arrangements tor relleving Ekowe, Col. Glyn’s columu is intranched, and ubree divistons ure posted atone the muta road comnecting Maritzburg with Rorke’s Drift. The total strength of the column dues not excegd 2,000 mex, and neatly all Europeans.: In cunt sequence of privation and expusure the health of this column is but indifferent. At Krantzkap, midway between Fort Tenedot mx Rorke’s Dritt, part of the rematntug bat tallons of the native contingent, numbering 530 Europeany, is tn occupation of u defensible post. ‘The tutervening dlatance clther way fa patrolled by volunteers, police, und natives. Col. Wood ts ereatly Harassing the enemy by constant patrols, the mounted men con. sinthng of the frontier Light Horse and titty Boers. The destruction of the mill. tary ul of Kagulusin’ was effected sotie days azo, but the operations of this’ col- nai do not cenerally extend beyond the linc of disputed ‘territory. Col, Wood's force, 2,709 men, fucludes 1,000 useful natives raised in'the 'Trauaynal. Reis anxlous to obtain reinforces inents of tnounted men, ‘The Dordrecht Vol- unteers und Baker's Horse accordingly ure une der orders for Utrecht. Commandant Schona- brucker, with the Catfrurlin Rifles, fs ot Lune- burg, but powerless to act for want of cavalry. Col. Rowhw? {sat Derby with u wing ot the Fightieth Regiment, two guns, und s atiall Swaz, detachment. le ts in the sama wyedleaments bur reinforcements from Raat's Horse snd Weatherly’s Horderers, volunteer corps raised In the ‘Transvaal, are expected to Join his com- mand forthwith, Ho pill detach.» eiaail pars tlon of his army te preserve Col, Pearson's com: tounteation with the colony, Cotywayo Js re ported to have temporarily disbanded hia forces to alow opportunities for gathering in tha # crops. It jy currently belleved that the reg- finents will tuke the fickt again at the new noon, though with what object tt fs dittleatt ta suriise, sveliye flint the King's polley will, 1 fa understood, precliide the Invualun of the colony, while bis siratey does net encourage attacks on fortiied positions, ‘The suspanse resulting from this prolonged taction ts evident in the exotdts of large tumbera of Euroncana among she Caluntal "pemutation, Col, Wood ‘on the 1th captured 490 cattle ot Iuhobaua, with tha loss of one man wounded and ona horde shot. At Port Pearxau all is quiet, ‘The General and Iifs stuff made a reconnaissance about ning miles trom the Tugela, ‘Uhey saw nothing but x large body of Zulus is belloyed to be watelilng, » A dispatch from Kisnberly, dated the tth, says thy Transvaal Hoers are offering high prieca to traders for grain (f}and powder. The Ma- nochs Kaflirs are In furce close to Leydenburg. There aro only 120 frupe anil sixty men to de- fond the place, ‘he Governtnent Nas armed them, nd horses are tu be saddted, gous to leave the town at o moment's notice, A mount. ed corps tor defen hos been organized at Mite delebery. Preparations for defense at Pretoria are still polny on. y From Inforination received direct from Zula sources, itis considered very queationsble wheth. er there will bean invusiono Natal, Dabulman- ai, brother to Cotewaya, who led the uttack at Rorke's Drift, has been mace per in conse {quence of the violation of the King's commands Hot to cross the border. Ustrayo ts also - prisoner, bound hurd wud fast at the King's krasl. Umbellue ts ulso there, but. nul tn durance., Every convayanco Teavlag Maritzbure far the coust fs crowded with peu from the city and the up-couatry districts, who . have thought It judicious to Idave thelr homes. Van~ mandant Lonadals bus arrived at Cape Town with the object of ralsing a force of 1,000 men for service in Natal under the Government. From the Transvaal the news is of a vory dhs tndeting nature, suspicion connecting the uaties ot nearly all the principal Chiefs of the country with a projected rlulug. ‘The ularm fo Pretoria and Leydenburg ts considerable, resulting, ta thy Intver place, fron rumors of au iuipendhig attack and contemplated cvacuativn of the forte upan the border uf Secovoenis’ country. oa Wo are alway pleased to recommend & goud er- elo, Dr, Lu Jough Syrup hever fails tp cures cough orcold juneshort thine. ‘Shu prise le 25 ste,