Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 15, 1879, Page 9

. : ‘THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY. FEBRUARY 15, I1879—TWELVE PAGES) RATURE. | ifo of Goorge David Cumming, ThGII‘,i‘rat Bishop of the Reformed Churol. onology and Devil Lore, by Dw;(oncuro Conway---Froducts of the Sea. ostry of Swift-=-Reading as a Fine Arte==Gerrit Smith, The P ¢ Mopazines—Literary Notes--- flwFfl:“ Notes-—Science Gos- sip, Ete. TATERATURE. : RISNOP CUMMINS, Thelifs of Blshop Cumrnins, before his com- [i] 10 Ubicago, wasin no respect eventful, Lo was ‘E.m Smyrna, Del. HIs father was n member :? the Ptotestant Episcopal Chburch, but, dylug yhen Georize was 4 years of age, left bim to the -areof his motlier, who afterward married & Euhodm minfster. 8o It hnppencd that young George's first. T glous experlence was in the Hethodiss Cliarchi, ile was sent to Dickinson College, at Carliste, Pa,, inteudiug then to be- mme'l Iawyer; but be wasconverted during Ms coliciza course, and went out as aclrewt rider. After rome expericuca und conslderabla yuceess for_one so young {n the Methodlst Church, lie deelded toleava it, chielly on account of the Ilinerant system. ‘But 1t appeared after- ward that the itinerant system need not bave ranted bim much troudle, * fle moved about us constantly in the Eptscopal Church as he would tare done If tie had remained a Methodist. 1o wasordalned on the 20th of October, 1845, by Bisbop Lee, of Delaware, From the spriue of 8 till June of 1847 bie was assiataut minister 1 Christ. Chureh, Baltlowore. Trom the lutter ditefor six years ‘I,m vgln;lu nlectnrbocf" C’hr]ubl: rburch at Norfolk, Va. Then for about eigh i e wa tector of Bt. Jamea’ Ciircly Rickmond. Hia mnnl call wn'a k:l Tlnuny Churcl:l vton, where hie remaioed three yenrs un mlhll.u it was Rector of St. Feter's Church, Baltimore, for five years, this period {neluding a yisltto Europe. Oct. 4, 1868, he preached his ‘St serinon fn Trinurya u;u;\dx.‘(iil cago, us pi A ‘was consscrates sslatan| shop o ;(“:muufiy Nov. 15, 1808, In twenty-one yll.?lll‘l‘ he nad 8ix chargus', I'lll;lkh[l;:;lu ;vfirwo pnlsmt{n;.n ears and & half, c bud remaives n :l':fi({thudln Church he might, under favora- “Hle dreutnstatices, have douo nimost as well s thie, [t shiould be sald, however, that Bishop (umminy’ frequent changes were due in part to the #1l health of hlu;ui"l( n:&i J;:lmlll.y. flrl no 0 far 08 wa are (nform e fall 1o ot el to his peoplo. 'His ealis wercall nanimous, and cach successlve one was to o : itlon of greater respousibility, honor, and lon 1) neefulness than he had occupled betore. He ro- fused Lwo urgent calis from Califoroia, to which weraadded dazzling inducements In the way of salary, andt one from New - York, His pasioral rarect was onc of standy proeress, unstained by wellishness or auy ‘purpose of persousl awygrag- dizement. Bishop Cummins’ residence in Chlcagro was, 0 far s the new biography written by his wife In{nmi! n;,[ m;u ‘;( lhnhnl cusautest pnn‘ud-lfil lnlla lfe. In his lutters he scems Bearcely able to fiod words to express lifs admiration of our city, Iis thrivwg prospects, ita encrgetic buslucss ¥ags, Its bountiful charlty asud open-handed eenerosity, Those were war tmés, and the grest Savitary Foir was beld during Dr. Cum- wiug! pastarste, His more private and personnl relations wera cqually a subject of congratula- tion with him, “the delicate attentions of cer- tinmembers of M8 cougregation touched him deeply, He was sure of their afTections, nud re- sionded heartily to them. It will be a pleasure tomany of his old parlshiuers stiil living to know that ‘l‘r(n"?' Church to the last hud o gmu :gn;u of nis wnrmum't lncllln;xfi‘ ut k¢ aro one’ Cor two nili- calfons in the correspondence for this pertod that Dr. Commins while i Chicsgo felt the 00 hand which for su mauy yeams ruled the Diocesc of Hllinots. His relatfons with Bishop \ihltetiouse were cordlaly but there could . be little real sympnthy between two men, in other tespects allks pood und noble in character, whose views 08 tu Chureh polity ditfered 8o cs- unmun‘uy‘gflwo inf‘ur‘ lllmlt, Dr. Cumtml!lr;n w:mluut 0 out of e Diocese ol 1nois fnto more congealal company whon bo wus elected e iof DerCosei o Kentuck ¢ pugition of Dr, Cuminlns In Kentucl maa lesy ogreeable thun bie supposed fy \\'lmlg Hetiad no authority. Practices which be ok wuck 10 heart us upposcd to the traditional policy of the Cliurch were continued, fu the tace of bis earneat protest, uuder the sanctlon of Bishop Bultt, 'Itien came the open rupture with Bishoo Whitehouse, nto the merits of l‘;.m:m:“ I;nvu "fi hi:unum; of eme{lim: place, unfortunate thut the clrcumstances ottendig the inhibition of Bishop Cummins {rom preacling fn Alls Dicese and s deflance of Bishop WWhite- bausa should hiave been stuted s at Ffll!lh in :l'la blozraphy. 1t ought to huve been possible o getatthe facts without so much coloring, n ¢ publication uf Bistiop Clarkson’s cxceedlng- ¥ strong letter on Bishop Whiichouse’s charac- tir]wlll lot be welcome to auy of the frickds ul n, ler side; nnd Dr, Powers, though b Is now u_e!y out of the Dlocese, may regret to lis ;"llunl alred so ot longth. 1t is only JusBee Lo sliop Cumuning to savtiat ifs own leiters n this I!Itltgnec‘:i!l:m“ n‘x{‘u( :‘:lwmml' remeculul,nlud-ulmumu:; . Al udu ou the question fnvolved of lll]:x?ln Fihtto preachon Lh&lnvunl!un of & pres- -I)I vn];luunmhnr Dioceso of the Chiurch bus virtu- el settled in lils favor sinca thut thne, But mml d inve been bef tolet Bishup Cumnmins' h lm sbeak for themselves without bringing :“ill llllu uuarre] living men wlio, we doubt not, g lm &nmnulvnn\\'lllluu to flud_themeolyes e position of anlmadverting upon o g::ld tlllrL.nmn of thelr owa Church fu favor of a tuesttempt fg . mada in this blography, and ;'enm}nk suceesslully, to show that Iuhuuy Jume- fathe o 00y yeara contemplated reforu with- !n"l Uhurcli, aid was browuzht most roluctante Tl ok t0 4 alfferent conctusion, W will not T further the bistory of his progress in this o[:‘:ll\m. thoso who are futerested fn fL wiil o un.riumd the whole atory for themselves. % m;mlngrnmny as a picee of literury work [t w“mn' et to say that, wiile the firat part of it e heur juuicious compresslon, the work as iy e hus been done with tuste wild Judgment. It feaorthy wemoriul of a remarkable carecr, lmuT" strong upon the reader thu convle- ey flll Blshop' Cumlns was a fzood und great mfl.[:u usu!xumtmd und ll-treated § and we lecl (e luu &0 ouly because It s stuted the ‘Whlie?"!""“‘l and lefe them to spusk for it ves, S Georgs Davld Cumunus, First Iy ‘Wrni the lzmnpuu Eplscopal Churcl, sty Frice g9 .va York: " Dodd, Mead & Co. ) “De, LNESIS OF THE DEVIL. e gunalugy und Devil Lore,” by Mon- Dirtal n‘nh.-l Conwoy, M. A, B, D. of o ¥ College, Harvard Unlversity, membor Wiy “N Autbropological Institute, Loudon, k> uumcmus iustrations, . Now York: 'Drk’ olt& Co, 1870, ‘This {a an olaborats ek 4g:)ulalhhcd in two octavo volumes of it ‘nfl).'u cach, Itis beautitully printed, i, .)M’ bouud, and contains many fiucly- “w: l.llhmr:u.mm. ‘The firat, volume con- flh"'flllfit ree parts, Part L is devoted to tho freci, n .fl Demonolatey, pud s divided into e m:lm. 1n the firat chaptor, on Duallsm, o hh:r tTpregacs tho opinton that Panthelsm e ortcally ourlier than Fotlchism,—that Mieryy "]M wurlds wero first worsbiped, and ke dlfl‘-‘ ' Bearer aud iminuter objects. In this them, :Y"n from wany other write) among "flen‘: |u U Btuart MUl Jn Chap. 4, on the bw “u’ o Demons," ho distingulshed the Demog l‘mm the Devil, assertlug that the oy 4y fefarded as harmful on account of mkfl}nngu Which bo hopea to derive from ki llllm. Whils the Devil s belteved to ! o(' mm ita own yake. Tho sub- dat™ g du thind chapter is the degra- deton, g elties, by which they becomo I urtlier on, * Dovil-Woralip» is rop- Dartthe n:: 0 sierted Defsm,” Iu this tirst Nations o e'r Wil nd some interesting specus oyt dem.uru 10 the waya In which popular o H10us have been developed ud tnudl- = e “m‘:lh beriod to another, < map® iy Beudiug of Part 1, 15 «The’ De- Oupley THR G 1‘!& thwlva clapters of this alviston are & surt of plllosophte bistury of deméns_considered under varlous classes: de- mons of “hunger;" of **lieat,” Including the anuthor's 1des of “gehenna’: of ‘‘cold”: of ‘*thie elements; of “anlmals,” as the boar, the bear, the serpents, ete.; ol *enemies, elants, dwarfs, cte.; of * harrenneas,” famine, demon of *the desert,’” the aphinx, hurrlcane, floud, abandon, the mirage or Satan's water, Azazel, ete.y of “abstacles,” na Scylla and Charybitls, Scottish glants, devil's bridzes; of “Mlluston,” natural treacheries, Chinese mer- mald, suicide, ete.; of “darkness," embracing the Prince of Darkncss, the moonlight vampire, dieams, ecte.; of s e, degil dances, . angels, Salan aud Job, etey of *tdleathy” death on the palo lorse, Chirist and death, dance of death, vte, In references tothe Berlpturea, wherever hxcy touch theso subjects, Mr. Conway always spesksa of them as *le- gends,' ‘I'ie gencral subject of Part (11, fs # The Drag- on” “This_dlvision, alsy, consists of tiwelve cliapters, Mony striking things are developed Iu the history of Drugons, * Fato? fa the tople of the twelfth chapter. Ilere Mr, Conway dis- tingulslies between the Dravon that “lurks n all“theology which represents the'universe as an orena of strupglo botween good and evil principles, und hnman life us a war of the soul weainst the flesh,’ und * that fdea of necessity taught by science, which is another name for the supremacy of law,” Ife seems to think the time I8 coming when all evil will be traced back tu the necessity of uatural luw, ‘It Is too Inte," he suys, “'for man to be interested in an *Om- nipotent? Yersunallty, whoso power fs linited at the precise point where it 18 needed, nud whose woral governuient is another nmine for man's owu contrul ol nature. Nevertheless, this Orl- cutal pesslmism 18 the Pauline theory of mat. tery ik it Is the speentutive vrotoplasm out ot wilel s bean evulyed, In muny shapes, waich remnins for our conslderation—tiie Devil”! Mr, Cunway, it may be proper to say, was formerly a Unttarlan minister of the most Hberal school, Webelieve he no longer claling o aceept Chris- tlanity in any sense. ‘Tl second votume of this work is wholly de- voted to ““Uhe Devil” 1n (ke twenty-nlue chapters of this volume, the suthor presents the results of his fngniries fn the wide range of literuture pertutmtng to this subject. o dis- tingrulsties the Drawon from the Devil. He cons siders the plural * Elobeim " with the singular verb, us found {n the Ol Testument, as fndicat- Ing a transition from polytheism to monothy fsm. The *legend ¥ of Eve, aud her tempta- tion, he traces to the tuller leuend of the Hn- doos. Aduin, hu thinks, hud two wives, the {irst, Leltith, who was sgparated from him, and becatne a dovil, und then tempted the second wife, Eve, Naveriheless, he contends that the cartier Hebrews hiad no ' ldea of one personal Devil, Butun was at tirst an acenser, nfterwaeds the nccuser, After the captivity, Satan wos deemed ** the Prince of this worid,” especially i the New Testament. Christ's saeritlee of himself wus an offering wo the Devils "I'he iden ul *the Man of Bin" grew out of Eastern mytha, The Holy Glost Is ultimitoly the De- stroyer, for thy sin apatest 1im hath no for- giveness, From such poiuts the author advances to notcs ** Anti-Chrlst,” * the Prida of Life,”* *the Curse of Knowledge,” moden ‘¢ Witeherult, and % Animallst n the clos- Ingz chapter Mr, Conway to forward hope- fully to n brighter day; but whether there s to b uny religion. at all fu ihut coming day wo nave been unable to nfer Srom auything that Is distinetly developed eltber 1n this ‘or any other part of the book, The work before us cvinces much-learning and research, unil affords more {nformation on the general subject of * Demonolorry und Devil- Loro” than cair be, found _in any other siugle book, Every theological scbolacshould read it. Mr, Conwuy does not.sesin to have sufliiently considered Whother superstitiona 8o wide-spread as those which ho brings to our notice are not Hkely nfter all to have some basis ot trugh, Il concedes thut there haye nlways beon 8 conflict in the world butween rood and bad principles and men. 1t°s0, then possibly ¢t extends outsids of the visible sphére. As to the borrowinz of Biblieal legends from those of the hesthen, it would Lo well to fnquire which accounts are the briefer und alinplor; wmd whether the shavler storfes aro’ not ‘lrvlmhly the original; from which the longer und more “complex have been derived, and of which ‘they are exuggerations or carlea- tures. But the redder will Judize for bimself as to these points. It would certainly have been uiore sutisfuctory to ull readers §f our author Iiad distinctly futieated s own belief, or dis- bellet, in relation to the existenee of a personal God, the question us to a fundamental distine- tion between moral good and evil, und the fin- mortality ot the hutan soul. For these ques- tlons ure surgested ut a multitude of points fn the wide ronge of the writer's learned and in- genfous treatient of bis subject. And it would have detracted nothing, it “scems to us, from the force of the views presented, It the suthor hud sbstaived from the use of epithets which must be revolting to every devout reader, ns evineing a want of becoming respect fur the most. clieristied convictions of the cutirs Chris- thau world. COMMERCIAL I'RODUCITS OF TIE SEA. % Very few have any defindte idea of the im- mense value of the products annually obtained from ‘the sca, Bome Informatfon concerning marloe resources oy be obtained from the followlng extracts complled by P L, Simmonds, the suthor of the above work. Coucerning British trade ho says: * Our fnports of fish from sbroad have largely increased, as wili seen by the following ligures, giving the valuct ' .8 o 075 4 In 1570 the agaregate imports of Great Brit- afo of shell-fish, peurls, coral, sponges, mother- of-peal, blubber, tortulse-shell, oysters, surdioes, scal-gking, ete., were over £3,000,000 “he number of craft of all kluds engazed off Ireland und Scotlund fo flshing for sote fu 1876 was 20,612, with crews of 65,030 men. The value of the shippiug was estimnted at £1,197,- 0941 It will be seen ut once that the sheries industry fn Great Dritnin is oue jmportant sulution of the problem of the toud-suuul{ Tor the poor. Yet this supply, etiormons as it iy, 18 barely sufliclont for Loudon und the sen-coust countics aloue; so that “in the tnlund and mid- dle countles of Eugluud the laburing eclasses scarcely Know the tuste of fish, wilen of lute years lusibecome o scaree urtfele,” Homeo thouuhts in the work ure rather sug- gustive: **Every oere of the surrounding seas of Great Brituln s intinftely more productive then the smne quautity of the richest Jamd. . ‘I'he produce of the sea around our coast beara & far higher proportion to that of the Lnul thun is generally imacindd. Unee tn a year an sere of good land, enretulty tilled, produces a ton of corn, Or two or three ewts. of meat or cnecse. ‘The same area at the bottom of the sen on the best fishivg-grounds ylelds a ereater weight of foud to the persevering fsherman cvery week In the year. 0 Vessels be- longing o the same owner, in @ slogle night’s tishing, hove brought In scventeen tons weight o tlsly—un atnount of whotvsoine sood equal in welghit to thut of fifty eattle or 3w sheep, The round which these vessels covered durfug the njuhit's flshing could not have exceeded nn area ol fity ucres,” Mr, Bunmouds hus also somu- thivg to suy of North Awmerican tlsheries: S About LW0 deckedfvessels und 17,000 vpen boata are ungaged (0 flshing within the four Proviucts of Nuva Scotln, New Brunswick, Que- bee, und Ontario, 42,000 men ure actually en- gaced In nshing, while 200,000 persons are estl- mated to be' suvported ulmost entlrely by this industry fn [ts vartous brauches, ‘I'nd ar.uuul produce of the fishiery of these four Provinees 15 about 2,000,000, und the boats, necs, wid other instrameiits represent o canltal ot ovor £000,000. . o« 'The produce of the llsherles of all the North Amerlcan Colonfes fa £3,150,303 unnually, which reatize o fourth or & ifth umore when sent to'n forelen market, . . Bustou fs the Hab-market of the United States; wnd the vroduct of the Nuw Englund fishery 18 eatimat- wd at £1,600,000 erly. of which Bustou hundle wore than half,” - Mr. Simmonds’ work does wot stop with o survey of the lisheries, but contulus o pructical review and n systematie deserivtion ol ull ob. Jucts taken from the sea that uro known to the commercinl world, While tho merchant is showt the localitics from whence varlous prod- ucts aro tuken, 18 given atatistics exhibiting thclr respoctiva values and the besw markets for thelr disposal, the student and the acientist 18 eiven at tho same thne a vorreet description of soecles, uud & Knowledgo of thelr geographical distributiou and hubite, Although 1t s truw thut orlgzinality is not clalined for thls book, yet onw is coustuntly surprised tn the perusal o s lnuzn #t the yast aimount ot knowledgro brought opether 8o 80 suull uvolume and fn so pupuiar o munner. - Facts fesr no eriticlsm - thgm- selves, und, aa Lhis work fa n compiistion of facts, it way be recommended toall fnterested In the commeres und sclence of the products of the sea 85 u valuable uddltion to our llterature. ‘Lhe work {8 the outgrowth of rics vl papers pub- lishied fy the Art Jouras'y the Technologiat, und the Jouriad of Adpplied Science, 1t oceurrod to thy suthor *that tivy miglt be conveniontly cgl- lected fnto ons volume, which would form’ o campanion to_books prcv(ou-l{’ published on * Commerclal Products of thu Vegetablo Kiug- dom? and * Aulma) Products.’ ™ 1y treats fu u nractleal uner Y marlue coutributions to {ne dustyy," aring coutributious to art,” und S products obtojued from the sea” It coutuius uearly 500 pagcs, lustratod with thir- Ly-two woud-cngraviugs, 2 (" Cowmerewul Prouucts of the Bua,” By I 8, 8immonds, Editor of the Journal of Acpllr.’l Selence. Now York, 1870: . Appleton & Co, $1.70.) W. 1. B THE POETRY OF BWIFT, The poetical works of Bwilt In two volumes have been added to the Riverside edition of Britla's poete, now Ih course of republication by Ioughton, Osgood & Co., making in all about fifty volumes thus far issucd. ‘Ihe Hfe of Bwitt, prefixed to his poctry In thie first of these volumes, {s by the Rev, John Mitford, snd the inscription fs to John Payne Collier, of the Miil- dle temple, bearing date Oct, 10, 1833, Bince Mitferd's edition of 8wift there has been no im- portant contributlon to our knowledge of the subject. In the present case the author chosen fora placein the Riverslde edition of British poets fs moro famous ns a prose writer than ns apuet. Wedoubt, indeed, if he would bo well remembered as a poct If it were not for his vigorous, polished, and mnsterly prose. The councction of his poetry, huwever, with any eamplete exhibition of thc riro amd progress of theart in England is necessary and aporonriate, Wahave hero many Jines that throw light on the politica nud ife-nature of Swift's time; much nlso that tells the story of his own lile aud bis sorrowTul love aflalrs, ns it lins been told iv'vo other place, and many eplarams, satires, and odes that exhibit not only BwllL's savage wit, but Nis perfect commnnd of all the resources of the English language, Rome famous apecimens of his style fn each depart~ ment of ~composition will” occur readlly to thuseat all familiac with his weltings, His +*Cadenus nnd Vancssa™ s the chiel sourec of Information with regard to ane of his loves, and has been subjected to as many violent Interpre- tatluns even a8 Bhakspearc's souncts, und his manv lines to 8tella perform similar service for anothers while his Illnnpsud[ on Poetry is one of the great poetical satires of the language, and his llnes on the **Death of Dr. 8wift " arc an Instance of coarse and briiliant Jesting characteristic of the man, This editton” of Swirt Is comjlete, not vven omitting the most ribald lines by ever wrote, (“The "Poctical Works of Jonulhav Bwitt,” with a Lifs by the_Rov, John Mitford. ‘Three volumes in tivo, Boston: Houghton, Osguod & Co. $3.50. READING AS A FINE ART. Ernest Legouve’s Httle treatise on the art of reading, translation of which hns just been put forth by Messra, Roberts Brothers, of Boston, is Interesting fn many wuys, Desldo its practical directions for the use of the volce und—n very different thing—the breath, It contains many persoual recollections of the veterau dramatist and Academiclnn. ‘Those who have the passion for stage history and drawatic literature, a con- stantly growing complalut in this country, will value highly what Legouve hos to say in this volume of Talma's early difficuities, and theclr- cumstauces under which Adrienne Locouvereur was forced on the Theatre Francals. {1 this an- eedote of Ruchel and prool of lier capricious fickle, linpetnous nature have anywhere else ap- eared, we have not met with them. Some al- owances must be made, of course, for the vaolty und egotlstn of Legouve, but even then "his testimony on such a snbject lias great value, The part of the essay which treats strictly of reading as a fine art ts not so impor- tant 08 the otlier. It inay be fmportaat to know that ono should flll thelungs full before com- tmencing to read, sit_ercet, take breath before the open vowels, begin on a low key, seek vorl- ety in the voice, punctuate the seuse distinetly, read poetry poetieally, ete.§ but none of these thinws are to be learned from books, Incessant practice nnd skiliful teaching can alone muke good readers, und even with these aids natural defects or confirmed Lubits may not b over- come. Wo value this trentise chiefly beeause it i filled with the recolleetions of a fumous dramutist, und becouse whatever be m?' suy on n subject of this nature, apite of his affectution and his detostable jauntiness, possessea futer- est. The translation Is admirably doue, Intho rhyming of the extracts from La Fontane it must have been o difficult work. (*Reading ns a Fine Art." By Erncst Legouve, of the Academie Fraoculse. Trauslated from the ninth edition, By Abby Langdon Alger. Boston: Roberis Bros. Price, GV eents.) ’ LIFE OF GERRIT 8MITIL The Messra, Putnain have lssued o second edl- tion of Octavius Brooks Frothinghom's Life of Gerrit Smith. A prefatory note prefixed to this cditfon reads ns follows: “The second edition ot the Life of Gerrit Smith differs from the first in one respect. 1u the portion which relatés: to -Johm Brown and the attack on Haroer's Ferry the historlcal facts are stated - simply and without comment. For a final statement ns to these the rveader |8 rofersed to paze 254 of the present volume.” Turning to this page, wo flnd the fol- lowing: ™ * Gerrlt Smitw's affirmation that he had uo previous knowledwo or {utimation of John Brown’s invasion ef Harper’s Ferry was made in entire stucerlty, A slmllar aflirmation might be made by Dr. Hawe, Mr. Banborn, or nuy other of Brown's friends.” ‘Ihe intimation here fs that Gerrit Bmith, though kuowing the zoueral seape of Brown's enterprise, had no ver- taln knowledge of the point of attack, and Lad no reason to believo thut sedition wus contem- vlated, This etatement of the coseis umler- stood to be satisfactory to the frionds and rela- tives of Gerrit Smith und we do not know that the truth of history will sufler serlously on ac- count of it. ‘The Life §s inotlier respects s de- scribed in Tre TiisuNe heretofore, und quito worthy of the nthncb und of Mr. Frothineham. “ Gerrit 8mith.”! A blograpby. By Octavius rooks Frothiugham, Secout edliton. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Boms, Price, $2.) PHOILOMENE'S MARRIAGLS. Whatever merit. this lust novel by Henry Groville may possess is hidden by the atrocious translutlon, Miss Helen Stanley may have a full aequaintance with idfomatic Freneh, but (¢ she knows nothing about idlomatic English. 8he habitually tranelotes the verb ignorer “ignores,” which Is about as far out of the way as the translating of tapls for tapis would be. A fair iden 6f the manner 1 which the tranala- tion has been done will bo given, evon to a per- son who hus nob the original av bund, by the fol~ lowlug extruct: Madame Crepin had mada of tho sllenco to be kopt In regard to her relations a cundition fine quat nou of er consent. A old Pallsh custom consists in introducing & cane of nullity {n cvery marcinge contract, thud cursecting what might bu redoubta- bl snd inconvenicnt in eternal bunds, Philo- mene, . who, lowever, completely ' Ymored ovurytling in relation to Poland, had found an anat- aotis resonrco in ber natural churacter. 1t was very hittle probuble that Mounivur, sud Monalvur anil Mme. Verroy would not hear hier propused mac- rluge spoken of, and, s svon aw thoy wers in- formed of It, the mowent woild comu for hur to discntanglo horaell from Luvenel of & huzardous pronse, ‘I'he humorist of the World, who occasionnlly eives literal veralons of French newapaper wit, nover produced anythlug more abstrd than Miss Stanley’s translation, It Iulmruullulu to judge the novel untll it §8 presented s sowe ¥hupo mory intelllgible than this. (1% B Peterson & Bros. IP'rice, 76 centa.) BRIE NOTICES, “8fwning the Coutract, and Whnt It Cost,!* Is the titls of n uew story by Martha Finley, pub- lshed by Dudd, Mead & Co,y of New Yurk. Price, 810 “Modern Rhymes,® by Willlam Entelken Balloy, {s the caption of a small volume of vrigi- ual poctry publisied by J, B. Lippincott & Co., of Philadelphiu, Price, 81, My Three Angols, Falth, Hope, and Love, & Dream," by Mary Raundolol 8heots, {8 the thle of agift-book, profusely illustrated by E. D, Qrafton. Clocinnati: Robert Clurke& Co, -4 8oldler nud Ploncer, a Biozr aplical 8keteh of Lieut,-Col, Richard C. Anderson, ot ths Con- tinental Army,” s the title of u thin volume publiskied by’G, P. Putnuin's Sons, Vrive, 81, * ''he Natloual Tnmpemnc« Soclety havo print. edtwonew tracts,—'' tutemperancs und Cr,mc." Ly Noali Davis, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Yurk. und ** Modernto Drlubing, For and Agaiust,” by Benjamin W, Richardson, M. D, F. K. 8, (No, 58 Reade streot, New York,) Q. I’ Putnain’s Bous publlsh for the Hampton Tract Committes the following tracts in tho Sanltary Berleat ¥'Uhe Reulth Luws of Moses," by Helen W. Ludlow; *Duty of Teachers,? by E. W. Colilngwood; “ Proventable Discases,” . Ko Aruistrongs *Who Foaud Jamis(* udlow; und “A Haunted House," . Armstroug, Price, elgnt cents 8, W, Tliton & Co,, Boston, publish Hiuts to Chioa und Tite Decorators, from the Enilish of Jotw C. L. Bparkes, head-master of the Natioual Art Trulning_8chuol, Bouth Konsing- ton, Director of the Lambath Beliool of Art, Edited and revised by au Auerican decorator, who has added designs of tho principal borders, utey, uaed by the eclobrated Wedzewood, aud o Ast of all material uscd in china und the deco- ration. Pricy, 50 cen ‘The same publishers send us: “Flaxmau's Outline Desigus of the Human Figare.” INustrating Ureciau and Homan Mythology. BSlze of plates, threo to dour uud nive to aeven fuclivs, “flicss sublocts are cxtensively used in decoratlve art and ns stidics {n fviire drawine. “lhe first scrics of Lwenty denfgns, Including Achilles, Andro- mache, Ajax, Apollo, Circe, Calvpsy, Dians, Hector, Hermes, Iris, Juno, «)"pllur. Lampetla, Minerva, Mars, Mereury, Morning, Neptune, Nauslcan, Penciope, Parls, Iz, ‘Flictis, Ulys- ses, Venus, ete., ele, now ready, Price, Ina nortfollo, 81, LITERARY NOTYS, Mr. Furncas hooes to fintsh his new Varlorum cdition of King Lear In March next, Ho great Is the demaond for Fauny Kemble's " Records of n Girlhood ** that on the day of its publication the publisliors ware obliged to order the plates to presa for a new cdition, Benor Emilio Castelar has accepted the fnvi- tation of the Curators of the Taylor Institution to give a courae of lecturcs ou $punisn iterature before the University of Oxford during the next summer term. Riiodes & McClure, Chicago, hava in press " Edison and His Inventions.” handsowely i« lustrated, and glviog the futeresting polnts In the Inventor's Jile, with full explanation of his principal discoveries. J. B, McClure Is the com- pller. Richard Watson Gilder, assistant edfior of Scribuer's Monthly, and s eritle und poet of cholee order, has broken down In health from too assiduous devotlon to bis work, und wil sall for Europa shortiv to spend four or five mouths, principally in Venlee, In remembrance of the cordial reception and most gencrous hospitality he met with {n the Umted States, atl to meet the wishes of 1u- merous frlends, Dean Btanley bus collected Into & yolume his various addresses aud serinons, which Macmillan & Co. will publish In s fow daya, Stlll further to Increase the Intereat of the volume, the publishers, by the kind permis- slon of the Dean, have Leen able to add a pho- touraph portrait, Mr. Murray has made arrangements for new e of Swift. By the death of Mr. Forater the work on Bwift, which he had fong projected was urrested 1’10( the firat fostallment unly hae been written, ‘he many probleins, therefore, that nrtse ns to Bwilt's chiaracter and his relo- tions to his contemporaries, on which Mr, For- ster hus but slightly touched, stil) await a more careful and dispnssiouate treatinent than they Luve found.—Atheneum The London World says: *8ince Dean Stan- ley came back from America his frieuds say he Is"gven to transatlonticising in his utterances, 1 only know thut [ read in his little discourse to the Workingmen’s Club Inst week, apropus of the Jerusalem Chamber and the old story of *Mad- cap Hal,’ that ‘the King cameto himeclf, and, licaring who hiad taken the crown, he thouht it wasa wild freak of his son; accordlngly he went for him nud administered warniugs which bad an effect upon the youne mau,’ ¥ Mr. F. B. Wilkle, of the Zimes, anvounces e early publication in book form of a ecrles of lctters which he wrote Inst year from En- gland and the Europesu Contioent. It s an- nounced thnt the book will contain sketehes of Enzlish life und character, pen-portraits of noted English stutesmen and writers, aud descriptive articles on krench, Beletan, Hollund, German, nmd Bwiss lifc and character; it will ulso be fllustrated with character sketehes by Mr. C. D, Weldon, of New York. A Yokohama contcmporary state® that the Jupanese Government have suthorized the fssue by adapanese publisher of an edition of the Book of Genesls in Chlnese, prepared for the Japaneso by the inscrtion of “the Kun-ten, the work of the Amerlcan Bibie Society. This is the first. Porllun of the Scriptures the publication of which i Japan has been autherized by means of the Government stamp; uud, havive fn view the great distuste which the authoritics have so long entertatned to the introduction of forclgn religions, the fuct {8 slgniticant and worthy of record,—Acadeny. It appears Tom Tn{lur is quite_savaze about the report fu efrculation, to the effest that Bur- noud Is to supplant bim gs editor of Punch. ‘I'he veteran ** Tumptaler ¥ gi un {ndignant deninl. Burnand 48 s valued contributor to J‘unchy und it is in that perlodieal that all his most amusing productions—hls Haopy Thoughts serles, his parodies on novels, &e.—have first uppeared: but oddly enough, for a purely comie publication, which ane might think would not meddle with such mattors, Punch Les wlwuys ery unti-Catholic fn its tone. Burnand ts # Catholie, nud, therefore, would never do us cditor of 2’uncly, untess the humpboacked, hu- morous rogue changed bis fato—or the new ed- itor did. The Internationn! Concress of Men of Let- ters, hield at Pards lust June, {8 to be repeated in London in June of the present year. “The ln- ternatlonal Literary Association, tormerd at the firat Conyress, has Iis headquurters In Paris, fs presided over by Vietor Hugo, and includes awmone {ts members Edmund About, Berehold Aucrbach, George Bancroft, Emillo Castelar, Eminanuel Gonzales, Johannes Nordmann (V’resident of La Coucordis, the Austrinn liter- ary soclety), Jules 8umon, Lvan Tourgueneil, De Luvulcyc, uts Firuler, G, Hachette, and mun; otliers, ‘The Associution is 1n course of consot- dation under the care of o zealous Exccutive, i is proparing to preseut to the Congress ln dJune next a well-cousidered scheme of fnterna- tional litetary wachinery, devised to protect the rights of authors all over the world, und to create u general esprit de corps. Blanchard Jer- Told, correspoading member for England, No, 8 Curlton Chambers, Rtewent street, Londou, fs now engaged n eulmmfg the great body of Brit 18l authors and Journutlsts to” take purt lo the coming meeting. PERIODICAL LITERATURE. The dmerican Law Zegiater for Junnary (Phil- adelphia: D. B. Canfleld & Co., 2208outh Sixth street) bus beon received. Terms, 85 per au- vum, ‘The leading article §s entitlea ' Taxation of Bonds or Stocks of Forelgn States uud Cor- porations.” The Fortrightly Review for February has the following table of contente: % Virgl)," by I, W. il Myers; The-Electrie Lizht," by Prof, Tyndall; ** Chapters on Soclalism,” by John Stuart MUl; “ Ecee, Convertimur ad Gentes,' Ly Matthow Arnold; ¢ Agerlenltursl Depres- slon,”” by W, E. Bear; * A Jupaness Romance,” by 8ir Duvid Wedderburn; “ Blutl Wa Glye Up Greek$” by E. A. Freemun; “ Economic Metn- 0d," by Henry Blagwick; Home uud Forelgn Affalre. The froutisplece of the Magazine of Art for February s nu albertotyps of *“ A Btudy of Drapery,” by Sir Frederick Lelghton, President of the Royal Academy. In the text there s o loniz und uppreciative potlce of the new Presi- dent. A article on Gainshorough gives etch- fugzs of his Siddons und Princess Ellzabeth, “Freuch Flno Ar,™* ¢ Bketebies in Lower Brit- anny," and * American Artists and - Amerlean Art," are the titles of other papersin this num- Uer, Terms, 8275 per snnum; 25 cents per number, _Cassell, Petter & Ualpln, London utd New York, pubtishers, The Workshop (New York: Willmer & Rogers News Compun #ins the twollth volume with a notable ntm [late 1 {s @ mirror uud sil- ver und brouze, desigoed und - executed by Eik- inuztan & Co., silversiniths, of Londou, Plate represents a chalse, lougue, aud chairs, stylo Lunis XVL, designed und executed by 11, Four- dinoly, art-furniture mnuufacturer” in Parts, Plity 6 16 o stxteenth century German bedatead, und the other plutes represent stobe-raitings, ornnmcnts for decarative painting, desicns for knile, tork, sud spoon, ete. Price, 50 cents per nutbier, 5 The Juternational feview for February lias the fotlowing table of conteots: “English amd Awmerlean Pafuting at Varts,” by Philip Gitbert Humerton; *Gus Btock," by Prof, John Trow- bridgre, Cambridue: he “Birth of the Com- mune, 1331-1849," by J, . Dlss Debar, Philadel- ‘nhln' # Recollectlons of Mazzlul's Views vn tuvsia and the East. 11 Conciusion,” by Karl Himd, London: “An Awmeriesn Wedge,” by Eawiu aylor, New York; *Hovert Hrown- ingr,"* by Georgo Harnett Smith, London; * Ex- presston of Lmotluns on ths Huwman Counte- nance,” by Prof, Heury Calderwood, University of Edinbure; *The Literay Movement fu_Eo- gland, France, aud Gernany," i The first number of the Twdex Medicus, n monthly classified recond of the current medies al literaturo of _ the world, complicd quder the superviston of Dr, John B. Billtues, Surgeon Unilted States Army, und Dr, Robert Fletcher, M. I, C, B,y Epgr, hus come to haud, The fol- lowlog extract from the prospectus will glve s clent ilea of the alnof the uew publication: 'Uhe Judez Medicus will red the titles of all new publications fn i urgery, und the callateral branches, received during the pres ceding mouth, These will be classed under- subject headlngs, and will be followed by the titics of vuluable orleiual articles upon the samu subjeet, touud, duriug the llke period, in medieal journals und transactious of medic- ol socfetles, The periodicals thus fu- dexed will comprise all current wmedie- al jourouls and truusactions of value, o lar 88 they can Lo obtained. At the tlose of each yearly volumo s duuble fudex of autliors wind subjects will be udded, forming u complete bibliograpby of medicine for the preceding year, The first number of the fudez bears dute of Jan, 81, 1870, It fa not at present intended to lodex Journsls devoted to thu subjecta of chemiatry, pharwacy, veterivary wnediciog, and deotlatey; but the editors will seleet from them ariteles which have a hearing upon pathology or thera- peutles,” ‘The name of the pubiisher (F. Ley- puldt, 17 Park Row, New York) 18 nsufllcient guarantoe of the bibliowraphicat’ valus of the dudex. Subseription, £3 per annum, Among the contents of the fortheoming Murch Serthuer are annonnced a bloxraphcal skeich of Modieska, contalning snuch that 18 entirely new regardinge this remarkable actress, and accompanted with three portraits; a dis- cuszion of taste in ‘manuers and art under the eaption **Iie. Gustibus,” by Charles L. t- lake, ot furniture fame: @ paper on “The Comtnercinl Crists of 1837," by Prof. Bumner, of Yale; “*A Buffalo Hunt in Northes co,” Dby f(ien, Lew Wallnce; Western® Schoolmasters,” by Edward Eeuies- ton; another of Stockton’s * Rudder Granice " llurinu. “ Pomonn's Bridal Trip; a curlous account of “Tne Late George Rapp and the Harmonists,” who wore also Millcnarians; o new study of the so-catled **OId Mil1? at New- port, by an architect, who attempts to detnon- steate that it was butit for auother purpose: A College Camp nt Laks (ieoris,!” by K. It, Bow- lier, with pictures br K. 8. Church? “Lawn- Planting for 8mail Places,” by an expert, wnd several poems iy memory of Bayard Taylor. ‘The At'antic for March has three important rnllux-nl articles, * The Natural History of Pol- tea," by N, 8, Shaler; *Our Lana Polley,” by Gearze W, Jullani und . * Presidential Eléctlonis cering In the Scnate,” by the anonymous author, lulcl&- ndded to the list of regular contributorss Mr, 8haler exaniines the extremely interesting atiestion of the eifect of focal veenllaritics on natloual 1fe. Diverstfleation of population is highty inportant, be thiuke, to a srunz Btate, #nd the want of It In this country I8 & misfortune, Ile states some of the rensons why the population of Furope fs mure diversified than thut of this country, und appliex certatn well-known vrin- ciples “uf Natural History to polities through this donble conbection. The paper pursues the fame e of investiration marked out by the late Waiter lingchot, und is almost worthy of him, Mr, Juliay, of course, finds abundant fuult with our lund-system; we hope to spenk of his grtiele more fully fn another place. The article on ¢ Presidential Electioneering® con- talns much shrewd observation on the style, Jnethod, and ratfonale of the oratory of Messra, Thurman, Bayurd, Conkling, Edmuuds, nnd laine. The “writer falls into some paipable blunders, particularly that of counting At Tnurman out of the Prestilential canvass, Iate contlict hetween fhurman wl Bavard would have added much polut to the article, if it had oceurred fu Usoe for the writer's purposce. Aunartlele {u this number of the magazine to which many readers will turn first (s Mark Twafu’s WGreat Itevolution o Pltealrn,” —an article every way worthy of hls reputation, Piteatrn 45 " the fslad made farnous by the mutincers of the Bounty; and Marle Twain’s fun turns oo an fmavinary revo- lution oroduced on the fsland by au intruding Yankee. Thesmall scale on whien the revolu: tlon proceeds, and the munifest hurlesque of Luropean plans of * unitication,”” are the matn fugredients of the bumor, Mr, Howell's story, “#The Lady of the Arcostook,” concluded in this story, will add to his reputation, It s in luauy respects the best he has ever written, This number containg also two poems by Mr, Whittler, one by Mr. Longtellow, an_article on ‘¢ Amcrleanlems,” by Richard Graut White, the second part of Mr. Story's Roman [lolidny Twenty Years Ago,"” an excellent review of Ty- ler's % Amerlean Literatu e, a full Contrib- utor’s Ciub, and other imstters oo abundant to describe. ‘I'he number, on the .whole, fs-the richest thut has beew seen for o long time. The Mayazine of American History for Febru- ary {s 8 Wuslingrton number, the contents re- lating exclusively to the Father of our Country. The first paper {s ooe of a number of memorial relics purchised from the descendants of Wash- fugton by the State of New York, and now in the State Libruryat Atbany, It isamemorandum preparced by Washinston after the defeatof Gen. St. Ciair by the Iudians {n 1700, with a view to the appointment uf n new Comuiander-iu-Chief, and 18 n brief sunming up of his knowledge of the characters and clalms to the ofllce of the Generals of the Revolution then living. The orlziual spetling and punctuation are preserved. Some of the judgments are exceedingly curfots, ‘That of Wayne, who atterwarde recelved the command, Is discriminating and just. Washing- ton wrote of him thus: * More actlve and en- teroristne than Judiclous and cuutious, No cconumtst, it 15 feared. Open to flatiery, vain, castly finposed upon aud lable to be draivn into serapes, Too Indulgent (the effect. perhaps, of some of the candes just mentioned) to Nis ofll- cera and men, Whether sober or a little ad- dicted to the bottle I know nut.” Washington examined the churacter of cach ofliver with reeard to his drukiug habits, thinkine these apparently highly importaut con- slderations. Temperance people Wil be gernti- fled to hear also that o statement of his hou: hold expenses for three months, at the begin. nine of his tirst Presidentfal term, prioted In this munber of the magazine, shows that at that time he bouzht nothing strouger than beer nnd claret for his own family, A fac-simile of g puze of Washington's opinion of bis general ofllcera accomponies it document, und suother fau. gimile ds given with the household - accounts. This nuinber of the magazine also contulus sev- cnty Jetters pever before prioted, uotes on Washlnpron’s headquarters, ind g great varlety cllnneous matter. We wish thint the de- nartments of notes, querdes, nnd replies had not been crowded owt by the desire to make this exclusively o Washington numby For many readers theso feattures of the magnzlue are the most valuable of all, and they can 11} be spared, even for a smzlo number. The editor s also muking o nistake. it seems to us, und dolng an injury to tie magazine, by paying comparative- 1y so little uttention to New Engrlund history, in tiiany respects the richest, most froitfal, “and mosk needing o thorouzth exploration of all de- purtuients of the subject. (New York und Chi- eago: A. 8. Barnes & Ca Price, §5 per annuwm; 50 cents for slugle numbers,) AR NOTES, Berlin has just acquived Idest memento of the Reformatton, in the shane of the doors of the church of Wittenberg towhich Luther natled his ufoety-five theses. The dvors now form the doors of the Church of 8t Burtholumew iu Berlin, M, Gustave Dore has at Iength obtalned ofticlal recoguition In his own conutry. Henppenrs in the Offieiel amon 1he promations in the Legion of Honor, recommended by the Minlstey of Fine Arts.. M. Dore has been ralsed to” the ronk of Officer fn the great uatlousl urder of merit, A report has lately been published concerniug the monument which Italy desires to ratse to the memory of Victor Emmanuel, It fs estl- mated that this momunent, which is to consist of a colossal cquestrian stutue mounted on triumplil arch, will cost niot less than 10,00,00 franes, Ot this s only 1,220,000 fruncs hns alyeady been subscribed, but the cutive Comuntiea are proceeding vigorously with dhely work, und have deetded got to Tunlt the compe- tition for this monument to Jaly, lut to throw {t open to all the world, Herve (3" certainly flng opportunity for modern urtists to distinzulsh themselves, A equestrun statue such as that which Lionardo da Vinet ones modeled of Fran- cesea Sforzal Wiho will bu the mun bold enough to undertake it?—dcademy, At the Inst aunivorsary mecting of the Gor- man Chemieal Society fu° wus reported tiat the Caonumittee Intrusted with the selection of n de- sfzn for the Lichle monumnent have awseded the first prize to Prof, Wagiuller, of Munl the second to Prof, Bewas, of Berlin, el after the fewillboa monument will therefore be exeet model of the frst-uamed sealp altting portrait statue of Liebie which will contaln bug-reliels r from the workime 1ife of the gr these Iatier have not yut been detinitel ‘g queation oa to the'materdal to bo ured wi very warinly discussed, tie chofes 1y ing betwes marblu—for which the artiat himself plesded burd=—umt bronze, At last the forn adopted for the st hich 1s tu bo Munich; whilst Giesven will huve an exact copy In bronze, ccular tnueble from the Tyrol is proposedy b ean be, saturated with Unat more vestiting toatmosphe well us fn a condition to be clea anlly, antleipated cost 13w llitle above £5,000,—.dthe e, SPARKS OF SCIENCE, NOXIOUS INSECTS, The ravages of Insects In varfous parts of the West of latu years huye filled many minds with constervotion, During the Just century the whole territory of the United States wind South- ern Britist Amerlca hos been the seeno of ter- rlble visitation, fn oue pare or suothier, of un fu- sect plagues Bume of these vieltutious have a place 1 the bistory of the country as great epochs of devastation und ruln, Like thy yel- low fever of the Eouth or the fautiue of Indla, thesu (nsects, fn one form or wuothier, sWept over vast arcas of land, leaving no vestige of uny greon thing, stopping the vory cars ou the track, und often nurking the fences sud houses with the evidencs o) thelr greed, Tn 1770 the Hessluy fly (Cecldomyn destrictor) nppoured * on Staten lsland, und st Flutbush, on the west entd of Long Island. Having multiplied lu these places, the insects gradually spread over the southern part of New York sud Conuecticut, and contius ued to proceed fulund at the rute of Ricen or twenty milce # year, They reachied Saratoge, 200 miica from thelr original station, in 1789, Dr. Chapman says 1hat they wero found west of the Alleghiany Mountainaln 17075 from their progreas through the country having apparent Iy advanced ahout thirty miles every summer, Wheat, rye, barley, nid even timothy-grass, were attacked by them ; wid so great were thelr ravages in the Jurva atate that the caltivation of wheat was abandonvd {n many pluvun where they had established thewselves. (Ilarrls. Ex- tract from Packard, p. u‘.t.‘;.) The ‘theory of the migrations of the Hessian tly 18 undoubtedly the samne as thatapplied to Rocky Mountain locusts, und will appear further on, The Wheat-Midge, Diolosistritict, is sald to have first nopeared fn Quebee 1820, making “its way nlong the St. Lawrenca and Sorelie Rivera ‘ihio Northwestern Vermont, and soon became so abundant In New England and New that cultivation of wheat was mostly aban- Its attacks then decrcased, nid wheat was gunin raleed until In the year 1858, when wheat waa largely {n cultivation, it aguin becate Yyory destructive, causiug a loss, in the State of New York nlone, uccording to the estimate of Dr, Fisch, of 815,000,000, In Canmln b 1 the loss was estimated to cxceced §2,600,000. In the same year ln New York, the midie destroyed une-hulf to tiwo-thirds on the uplands and neurly ull of the lowlands, and the desiruction wus worse fn 1857 aud 1833." (Fitch extract trom Pack 'rid, po 703.) This midee 18 destroved Ly a parusite as greedy for midge-lesh ns the former for praln. - This' parasite increases and diminishes with the mldges i Yru;rorllonnle rutio, aml consequently is ** selduin noticed now ur kuown to be present in our _cauntry,” The Northern Army Worm, Hetfovlila uni- uncta, came on in vasi oumbers with the Re- bellton itself. *“'Plie sunimer of 1861 will long be remeinbered by agriculturista on account of the injury their crops received from the sudiden and unprecedented appearance of a cateeplltar, which destroyed the leaves und heads of every gortof grain, unt o species, Aphis, or plant-lonse, that gathered in lunmense numbers on the cars of grain that had been left untouched by the army worm, sucking up the sap of the car, und thus lesscning very materially its welght, or, if in many cases not dolng as much na Lhis, canse ing much apprehension to furiners wenerally, ‘This wurm hus nnuvu,rcd In the eliccessive yeurs E of 1518, 162, 25, , 41, 142, 140, 754, 165, i, 760, 71,72 (Packard, pp, G0 50, 01, '65, and 701), devastating various portions of the country fromn the Rocky Mountains to the At- Inutie. " 1t atfords much cousolation to Insectiv- orous birds, however, ‘The Colarndo Potato-Beetle, Leptinotarsa de- cemlineata, seemns to bave been first knuwu to naturallsts in 1823, aud was described fn the following year by Mr. 8ay, It appears first us “a large, tbick-bodied, reddish oranue wrub, spotted on the sides with black, changing uu. derground into a large hemtsplierfeal yellow beetle about half au fuch long, with ten wide stripes {1s back; three broods of the worm appearing in one seagon.’’ 1t “devours leaves, somethnes tubers,” being especlally destructive 10 potatoea (“but vreferrlug its oritinal fuud plant—a roadside weed—to tho potato in Kane sy, ete.”? Bnow), Concerning the * potato-buy," Dr. A, Packard says: “‘The history of the suceessive juvasion of tho prairies of thi Missts. Alppl sud the wooded district of the Mlddle and Northeastern States, uutll only the ocean proved a suillcient burrier to their advauces, 19 a subject of a pgood deal of Interest to the naturalist. . . . Bome years sgo jt wns conflicntly nonuunced that — the Colurade beetla would not _ flourish in the deinp, cold climate of New Engluud; that the suminers were o wel hat i3 woitld die while Iying as o pups under ground.” But {t Sdid ns mueh domage ln the Northeastern Statesns fo the Western, und the newspapers report that It crossed the Atluntie pud effected o landing n Bremen, Germauy, and there [s no reaton why 1t fhould not overrun Europe after su successiutly withstundlor the great dilfer- cuce In climate between the eastern snd western cirions of the Unlted States,” ‘The history of the potato-beetle 1s too well known to everg one to dwell further upon its devastations. Nut only the producer, but the consumier, have been mude to feel fts power. Of other fusects, the cotlou-worm and the I]u[lllr worm are prominent fromw the humenso losses oceastoned by thewr ravages. But chiel of all depredators is the fusect—the Rocky Mountuin Locust—which has enacted the most terribie fn- fhietion on the cereal resources of the county ‘Ile vast fusses oceasioned by this fnseet are nbe volutety uppalling and have o purailel fu the known’ lilstory of Amerfen. The fnsect plague of primeval Blulical Wistory Is foirly a° relief beside tt, 'The loss fu U 1875, 1876, und 1877 in the aren visited by locusts alone f9 ese timated by mdisputable facts ut $200,000,000, aud the annual average losses from the umred attacks of varlous fusects is catlioated at the same amuunt. Concerning the theorles of the migration of locusts, Dr. Yackord gava: “The funnediate cuuse of the migration of the locust from fts orighnt breeding-places Is the unusual nbundance of thelr species during certain years, A secondary cause for migration fs the de- sira tor fuod, uud possibly the reproductive fn- stlnet.” ‘These sections are treated by Dr. Packard as theories, mud are properly demonstrated. ‘They are 60 evident of themselves, towever, that no commont may be made on them. ‘Phe remedics agaiust the varous noxlous fnscets may be brlef- Iy mym«luccd from Dr. Puckard’s report: 4 Hesslan Fiy—Cecldomyin destructor. * Remedy—Besldes the vurasltes of tins fnsect, its natural encmies, large numbers probubly full prey to roving carnlvorous insects und bivds, particularly swallows and murting, As, hoy every the fusect rematusin the *flax-seed? state in the straw und stubble, the obvians remedy Is to burn over wheat-ficlds for several years in suce cession. The rotutton of crops s alsv u v uable preventive.? The larvis may be ree- vznized by the following: “Two or three sl reddish white mazgots fmbedded fn the crown of the ruots or justubove the lower jolut, causiue the stolis andleaves to wither and die; thematrzots harden, turn browa, then resembling u flax-seed, nnd chungo mto Hetdo black midizes with smolky wings, which appear in sprivg and autumy, wid oy from twenty to thirty fu a crense fu the leaf of the youni plant," “Colorado Potuto-Bug.” — Remedles — The surest nnd pufest remedy fs hund-picking, As 5000 us the eges ur lnid” they should bu looked for on the under stac of the teaf, torn off, wnl burned, Afterwurds the grubs wad beetles should be pieked otlL" Stattsties ure glven showlng that this [s the ouly effectuat method of destructlon. Y Rocky Mountuin _Locust,~Itemedies—T; tocust. may be most effectunlly dealt with in 1 e state.” Bounties shouli be pald by the df ferent Btates und ‘ereltories, us §s donu by Baropean Governments, As the cogs are lald very close together uid onty an dnel below the surfuce, the top sofl mizht be gat d tnto heaps and heated throuzn by bontires, or pussedthrough crushing-nills, o the eme Anes picked women uml - ehll- dren [we Dr. DPackard that the present. sty of the women are not cqual to the oceasfon], nnd Jbera) bounties be pafd—so much u bushel—hy town am! county fuapectors, and then hurned. Deep plowlng al heavy rolllng al dylsable, nud, on the other 1, harrowing the il fn sutumie so that the egie-sucs may be turned up aud exposed to the frost, birds, bugs, und cattle, ., 1 nckard’s work Is full of the very hest jru 01 noxions fusects and most ellls cient methods of treating them, 1L constats of over two humdred boges, protusely INistruted with coeruvings of fnsects, wid mups showing area of devastntlon, It wmay undoubiedly by obtaled by upplication to the Secretiry of the Interlor Depurtment, o jus) may be quoted ag an fusplration to yonne ural{sts sl fur the information of alt: +* Unlike fishes, Dbirds, nnd quadrupeds, which have siinllar hab- Ita at all st uf growth, wn fusect, with ity three soparate stages of farva, pup, and adult, ieads, aa It were, three llves, with different sur- roundingss, wint [n eaen of thesu stnges way oo regarded a8 8 ditferent wonnal, . . Onr eutomuloglsts are not numcrous enough, wnl often, frou thelr thie behng taken un with tha P pursult ot thelr projession, usually ot that of sclence, wre tinuble 1o bo lung enough I the ficld to observu. tur themseives the habits of foseets, Dutore tunately, also, so backwurd fs the sclencs of cutomology In this vountry thut ita students aro at prescut ully ongrossed with the lubor of classifying adudt nscets,. When 1t bs to by borio in mind tiut thers aro within the lmits of thy Unbted Stutes vrobahly, ot o Jow estimate, 19,000 speges ot lymenoptera (Lees, winps, ), near® as many bubterdios unud wmoshs, abonit 1,000 of tvo-winged fhies (Daplera), us muny beetles und bugs, severat thousamd spes cles of grasshopuers, el the whols smounting to upwird of LO000 speclea of useets, not Lo speak of spiders, ltes, teks, centipedus, sid neliltpedes, it 18 cyldent thut fthe were prelimbry work of fgentifying sad prop- erly describlog theso myriad forins 13 vast one, und that the combined exertlons of wany minds over soveral gencrations will not vxhaust the subject, As i 3, thero uro only thirty entomolugists In this country who pub- lish unvibing relatinze to loscets “Phe report of the United Btutes Entomological Commiaton comoriscs 500 vage, Wit nimerous maps und flustratlons, relating cutirely to the Ltocky Mountam Jocust and * the liest sucsns of exter- minating them, It wukes up their nomencls- ture, clussiticatlon, history of thewr fujurics, stutisties of losses, sgricultural bearlng of thoe Tocust problem, its permancut feeding-gruunds, geogruphicat vistriontlon, migratlons, hsbits aud uatural history, anatomy nnd embryolowy, wictumorphoses, ity cuotites, reinedles utilization, ravuges of other locusts in this and other countrics, Dr. Huyden, In his detter of trauswlitisl, closes With & requesk Tur 19,00 from Congress to continua the work of fnvastle < - gation, Buch n request is reasonable wien, Ny © ndopting such measures as will be und have been suggested by the Commlssion,—Prof. C, V. Riley, Dr. A, 8. Packard, und Lrot, | - Cyrus ‘Thomas,—many militon dotlars may bes #aved to American citizens, \ X al(upurt of the Rocky Mountaln Liocust and other {nscets injurluus to fleld und earden crops, By A, 8. Packard, Jr. Extract from the ninth . ° annual report of the Unlted States Geological = i Survey, Department of tho Interlor, Governe § ment print.) & (o 80, i ~ (Fitst Anoual Report of the United States Ene tomologteal Commission relating to the Rocky - L Mountuin Locust. By C. V., Riley, A. 8. Packs ardy Jr., and Cyrus “Thomas, Departwment of * the Interior, Governnent print, m:\s.;fl B . METEORIC DUST. Landan Tmes, Mr. Cowper Ranyard has made a commiunicas tion to the Astronomical Society o mictevriq dust, in which he tas thrown out sumo Interests fng speculations as to the explanation of the relative distributton of land and water on the lole, und as to geologleal climates. He says that meteoric dust cxlsts to a much creater ex- - tent than was formerly suspected. In 1887 Dr. Phipson published the result of many experls wents fo inany countrics; which showed that, by exposing o sheet of eluss covercd with pura elveerine to u strong wind, lie bas colleeted on it black, angular pacticles, which he has by chetnleal tests found to he fron, It is, however, only iu the winter months that he has found this to be thecase. In 1871 Dr. Nordenks- Jold collected by n magnet meteoric- fron articles fromn soow which had falien near Stock- olm, In 18% he ‘vollccted much of 1t from suow lying on fce fu Finlund, The Arctie ex- pedition of 1872 lind vppoitunitis of collecting 81w far removed from hunan habitations, nnd they found large probortions of magnetle pare tleles, M. ‘Tisandier, 18745-6, pubhished in the Comtes Hendus u series of papers on ale mosphicric dust, i whict, omong other things, he lins alluded to the fron found n the dust cols Jected v the towers of Notre Dame, Awan, Dr, Walter Filehit. published In_the Gestugical Muagazine in 18575 & puper i which he colicered the evidences of frou * dust™ found In boles In the fee tn Greentand, I 1873 Mr. Johu Murs ray pubhishea a paper fo the % Proceedines of the Royal Suclety of Edinburz,” fn which ha uve s account of his examination of the bot- tom of the oceans us_vislted by her Maj- In wmuny of the de- ctle pactieles were fouud, It that the ulckel present pres oxlalzation, hlle the fuct that vented the meteoric purticles whicn had fallen fnto the sca bad not been washed away was attributed to the water betns deep and not near the seour- fugs of lund surtuces, which would cover it up. Agaly, In 1576, M. Yuug examined the fron par- tictes Juuud t the snow which hod fallen od the Hosplee ot 8t. Bernard. Mr. Runyard subimits thut ali these facts go Lo slow that mwetcorio matter falline In the lapse of ages must mate- rially contribute to the matter of the earth's cruste In the course of a yeur iniltions uf mo- teors cater the varth's atmosphere. Most of them are ¢ cousumed ' n the higher regiony, but many particles reack tho carth without havinge undergone change, Thers is littlodoubt thut nigh abovs the earth’s surface the ir s in- regnated with dust. 'Fle researches of Von Nicsel show that muny of the weleorle masses enter the earth’s atmosphere 1n airections mdi- eating thut they do not belong to our sular system. 1t {8, therefore, probable thut o large quantity of moteorie duse 1s derived frun sources outstdo oursystem. The earth and the plaocts os they ure carried along with the sun i its motlun through spuce would thus recelve o larger pro- portion of meteorie matter o their northern thuy on thelr southern hemispheres, und Mr, Ravyard suggrests that this muy aceount for (e preponderating mass of the contiuents in iho nertheen hemiephiere of the carth and for the fues thut the great peninsulas all taper to the souti. Anotuer inpurtant nlerence to which Ar. Ranyard dircets attention ls et it (s known thut wnen weteorie utsses ore heated lurio amounts of oceluded gras ure given off. One of the resttits from o cantibuous tati of meteoriy miatter §s that graseous matter §s- provably belng coutinuully adued to the atmosptiere, Accords dugr to whether the carth were passing tirough o rewion of spuce In Which there ure many or few neteers, the bight of the stmospbera would be fnereased or decreased, When de- creased, the temperature ug the sen level would be that'of our monntein_tops, wnd o elacll perfod would result. When fucrcased, the teinperature would probably be like that ot the carboniferous perlod, . PREIISTORIC FAUNAS AND FLORAY Prof. Rollestun lectured recently ot the Lons don Iustution on “LUrehistoric Faunas and Florug.” Partof Lls lecture was in continua. tion, he sald, of one he rave iu Aprll, part wag in continuation of one hie gave last week, und he had, he submltted, too much to say within the hour to adopt any delluito sequence. Mo spoke of whut would be the result it the fu- fluence of man wero withdrawn from the world. ‘The anfiwals that had flourished {n consequence of his care would be left to be the prey ot groups of anhwals that would predominute. Many of the domestieated anftnals lio bas gradus* ally tended til they are pructleally defenscless, ikl the packs of dogs thut would soon pres domluate would make o sveedy end of them, ‘Then, with the disappeamnes of guns, hawks wanld foon elear away sparrows and purtridy Starlings, larks, und sparrows have undoubtedly multiplicd through muan's futluence, With the disuppearatics of " mun, narrowed channels of Tivers would give way to flooda. ‘The horse okl et wild and wonld rdam fn berds, Wolves huve, £o far as this country isconcerned, Dbeen exterminated, and dogs wnd” horses woutd have all much their own way, Bpenklug of flors e mentioned that i) 300 years ago the o wnd the Seateh e were In hixtorie ties, the prancipal drees fo this country. Somu wrriters )xurlnuiuuhluuuf d some tme nzo potite out thut Jieus Cesar must have beew wistuken in hls deseription of Brituln whon Le gkl that in the Hritish - 18les the fie did not esist. The sproce e was jutroduced in the time of Fdward VE ‘Thers {s abune dant prool that t existed In pre-gindal thmes. Of the Jarch we bave u perfeet history. 1t was Introduced n the thne of Queen Ei/ie betl by Jutes, Duke of Athol. Tn pre-ginclal thnes ‘the Indigenous trees of Faugland seem (trom geatozical evidence) to have been the two irk, the yow, oak, ulder, birch, sloe, and thorn, Gireat mistakes had been made o4 to the former distribution of the vew i Europe from Pope's awd Drsden's translations of Homer ™ aml £ Virgll? ‘The Greek bow was not mude of yew, but ot horns, Speakiine of the domestieation of il y Prof. Rolleston sald the golnea-plg was the only anbuul we had aequired fi th his- forie period. "The pig wus probably tha earliest anfmal domestiested, wud Romau uscriptions showed that the shecp, ox, amd phr were cvidently the most value amtunls, a3 they were used a8 - sucritlees on Tai- portant ocensloms, ‘The ple had the same entos Zua us odraclyes, und this probably showed -un early solldarlty, "The reason the horsy was not meitioned in P Homer™ us u war nutmal, except for drawlng chariots, was, no doubit, dud to the fuct that stirrups wers pot invented, wind the use of 4 word or Jang ot sy " \Was , not ensy. Wa know, ho o from Assyrian seuiptures tat 1he horse was used (a8 denleted oL least) i without stirtups. ‘Phe names of englst snd Horew (mare and horse) show iroi the wamen of valued aninmle given to greal leaders that this unimsl was highly prized, T the cow wus carly domestionted s evidenced from the bones found in the Cissbury pits. ‘the tnothers wero no doibt eanturod fn tie pitialla, undd the voune were captured sand tratied o be beusts of druaehit und Kept to yield witk, OISON OF SERIPENTS, anant's’ Meavenyer, dun, 1u, Do Quatrefuges presented o L Academy of Selencen ob 13 Just Mg u note svom M. Locerds relutive to somo rescarched he has been muling ut o de Janciro into the action of the venom of the rattlesnake, Hitherto, the gene cral Lellef has heen that the pulsonous muttee seeretid by cortaln speaes of reptiles was noth- I mnure thisn a pulsonous suliva, neting i the wunner of solable fermonts. s nvesthas tous, however, show that the matter n quess tuncontilug #lut s called flgured ferments, the unatogy of which with bucteridee 13 yery romgrkoble, From o young awd virorous crotulug, siblected to the uctlon of chlorulorm, L outaited a drop of the veuon on a chemically clean plece of gludm and ot ouce placed it under o ticroscope, Ahnost immediately he observed the formation of o flumentous pulp o sn shorescent dispositlon, Gradunlly — (hs thickened filament, after having pushed out spores, dissolyed awnd disuppeared, und the Hocrated spores swelled und enlirged vislbly, cach of thewn sending out o minate tube, which lengthened suphily, ~After u very short period, tho futser sepuraivd feom the first spore sud, constituied uiather nuclous for engenderlug thy - . deadly contamination. In thu examination ol the bluod of uniieata killed by the bite of vne of tyosu snuked, M. Lacerds noticed that the rza totiules of the bloud -commenced by presents g womis smull briltlant points on the surfave which spread with ereatrapidity, und oltivyte.y 14 globules melted ous futo tis uther, foruinyg & #0it ol mmorphous puste, which could ug . res