Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 4, 1879, Page 12

12 r oot -y £ay ho holds his throne indeflanceof the wishes of his people. They all clalm that thelr nowers are baeed wpon the will, the fatellleence, and patriotism of thelr citizens, While we have. in our methads of voting and representation, clesr and effective wags of showlng the popular will, these do not giva popular power, It Is are- markable fact that ours ts the only system which declares that TAR MAJORITY BIIALL XOT ROVERN IN MANY . VITAL RESPECTS; that ft has devlsca s plan by which it can be beld in check; and that each indlvidual has de- fennes against the will of the hody of the neople and the poser of the Governinent which repre- sonts them. The distinctive features of Ameri- can constitutions are not that they aim to give power to majarities, but that they slm to pro- tect the rights of minorities; and this [s done by methods which sre {n strong coutrast with any- thing attempted elsewhere. ‘There are many things that the majority and Government cannot do. The writ of habuas corpus cannot bo suspended unless In cancs of rehellion or fuvaston: wo bitl - of ottainder can he passed; o tax lafd upon any article exported from any States no laws can be made respecting an cs- tablishment of reliion, or probibiting the frec exerclee thereof, or atrldging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right to asscinble and petitfon Government for a redress of gricvances, The right to keep and bear arma cannat be fnfringed; the right to be eccure i thelr persons and houses aealnst unreasonable searches and seizures cannot be violated, No yerson can be held to answer for capital or other {nfamous crimes, unless upon indickment of a Grand Jury, cte. If our Constitution merely made these declarations, {6 might te said tiiat it only staled In terms wiat was s clearly sct forth fn the unwritien maxims of other States; that tho Englishman holds in as high regard what ho calls the Constitutlon of Great Britain as we do the documents on which are written out our Stato or Natloual covenauts, —for he clatms that these unwritten thaxims ' OUIt' GOVERNMENT. Horatlo Seymour on the Political Institutions of the United : States. American Prosperity and Progress Largely the Results of Our Forms of Government. Protection of Minoritics and Individuals the Great Distinguishing Feat- ure of Our System. Tho Value of Bpecial Intelligences in the Oonduot of Publio Lo Affajrs, Town and Connty Self-overnment the Basis ir . Gur Politieal Strenglh. Congress und State Legislatures Are Conduits Rathor than Enact- ing Agencies. North American Rerlein for December. 1878, Tho growth of our country in population and power Is wonderful. Befors tho closo of this century, It our progress goes on at the ratlo of the past, our numbers wilt excced 80,000,000. | pive cqusl protection to minorities or 1t is a just sourco of pride that we have not be- lm:l‘vhlunls. nml‘ that the splll:u- cly!“hm- u; rat 14 csts | held ns sacred os are o _letters o zfl:fi:’; “h:r:_mrrl;,,d?::\?";?fab%::: q&“m constitutions, But our fathers did not stop with declarations, They fortilled the rizhts of States sud persons by placing the Judlclry for this purpore above the Exceutive and Law- waking powers. This 18 the GIIEAT DISTINGUISHING FRATURE of our Government. In this we stand ulone mnong the puuylnu( the earth. If the Parlia- ment of Great Britafn enact laws with the as- sent of the Crown, they ‘must be entorced by the Judiciary and the whole power of the Kingdow, although they trample upon every maxim held sacred, or upon every right of per- Bon or of conscieace. ‘Ihiere I8 no remedy bat repeal or revolution, © In th's country onr Courts declare such laws to be vold, and they will not enforee nor pertiit them to be enforced by the Exceutive or nnv other power, althongh tliey trench ubon the rights of but ove citizen statdini againet the whole people. Not only are the powers of the through their representatives ul M theso respects, bt the mojority, in fact, are not al- lowed to control the most powerful branch of Coneress, thie Senate, which nol only has equal wer of legizlation with the lionse of nre not thoso of force, but prironers of peace drawn to our shores by the desire to enjoy with us the libertles of thq land, and the plenty which Providence has given ns. While the dif- ferent nntlons of Europe watch with jealous sud hostile eyes tha vomparative progress and power of each.—whilo pence In the miads of fts statesmen means armed neutrality alw threatening wor,—we have drawn from th population by bencticent fuflucuces more than + the most auccessful in nrms bave been. able to capture from those juto whose territorivs they have carried death and devastation. We bava taken by immigration from Germany e GREATER NUMNERS than that Empire wrested from France In tho 1eat war between those Pawers. But at this time, when ro many facts tend to 00l our hearts with pride nud gratitude, we are perplexed by the gencral depres- ston of business, and the distress of larze | Representatives, but has plso the clastes of our citizens, Wa.now feel the full | power of nvprovlu‘: or of . rejecting cost of the late Civil Wur, nud the force of | treaties. About one-lourth of the beoole have as mauny Ncenators a8 the remalnlag three-fourths, This Inequality In princinle, AL not {n degree, was designied liy the (ramers of tue Constitution to keep the majority in check, and to protect the righis and lutercats of the Heates baviee rmall pooulations, By the cuns atitutional plan of disttibuiing thé Elcetoral votes, a President may be ciected overa cnnal- date who 18 suppurted by a maejority ot the jeo- ple.. Bevond tho Livelors who iepreseot the population in each Btate, two Electoral votus are uiven to euch of them. The matority of the peobls Jive Iu ten States; they get twenty of these. The winority, Hvioe In twenty-elzht States, get fifes-2ix of the Hena- torial Elcctorul votes, ‘This, If they ehould act iu_totcert, ennbles thew to electn President over the malority, ‘The purpose, in mnking the Ueneral Guvernmient one which dues tot strict- Iy represent the peoplo of tho Unlted States, was to tho resction which springs from wild specula- tion. Qur desire for wealth has outatrlpped tho swift growthof our country,and a greed fur gafn has tempted us to disrezard the laws of vrudence, {ndustrs, and cconomy, and to grasp ot wealth by schemes which In the end bave plunzed us intomany public and private dis- osters, We find that habits of extravagauce ure more casily sequired than cast off. We pronot yet rendy to admit the rruth that we have brought these evils upon oursclves, and that ive must go back to the tried pathways by wileh our conntry reached its greatuess. Thia state of aflalrs gives birth to wild and conflict- inz schemes about finnnces, -social ornder, und the pallfes of government. These discordant theorics rango from the doctrines of the Com- munist who would overturn our social struct- ures, to those of the timid, hall-hecarted be- Jievera fn cur (overnment who wish to go back 1o restraluts snd powera exerted by the mon- © FROTECT MINONITIES, and to keep it within fts coustitutional linits. ‘I'his purpose Is_shown more clearly fa tho artl- ele about amendments, whero it 1s provided timt 10 changzes cun be mado [n the Constitutjon un- archs of Europe. Many fear that uravo ovils | Joss two-thirds of the Ilouse and of wiil grow out of theso couflicts of opinfon. But | the Senate - shall propose thewm, ond thosé who bave studled with care the principles [ them, —In ml“‘”""{ they —are rauficd s0d workings of our politieal institiions look by theee-Jousths at the Btates, [{inore than oie-quarter of the Statos object toan ameand- ment, although they arv smnll Statea with Jess thun o tenthi of the” population of the country, it fallsy {f wo look lute State coustitutions, wo thul 1k reatrainta upon the power of majeriiies, by articles tnking framn thelr representatives the rizht to pass many taws whlch they conld enact but for such restrulnts, These probibittons have been multiplied of late, Thev aro numer- ous in thy Constitutlon of New York. it not only repeats those sct forth in that of the Gen- eral Governmeng, but i adds many others Amouie thutn are’ prohibitions agalost tha cre tlon of debte, the use of public nioney foraany purposes, nud tho right to give to citlea or towna the power to wiake losns to uid cor{- a- tlons. The whale course af canatitutionul legls- latlon, Iu all the States, shows that the spirl and genjus of oar political syatem tend to check the power of inajorltles, either acting directly or through thelr represcutatives, and to BECURLTO BACH INDIVIDUAL tho richts of person, property, und conscience. ‘Tho writer states these fucts 1o correct the Impreseon, whalch vrevalls fn this country and cleewhere, that the individual or ml- norities are awallowed np by the majority, and mado helplesa 1o restst wrobg or to uphoeld the rlght, Every man can, il he will, be potent for theso purposes, Tho fact that majoritios have fereat control 4o our country 18 uot ove which dtstinguishes it from all other peaple,~for pow- er always (0 some wa"y.lnlmru with the major- ity, by forco of ballots or bayonets, by elections of revolutions, by regular or convulsive methi- uds, The distlogulshing feature of our Gov- ernment In, thut §t s the only ous which at- tempta to restraln and check this power, althougt It may be acting fn oceord with the popular will. It other words, it is the only Government which attempts to protect the rights of minoritics and of localities azninst thio power of majoritles: wna for that purpose it hos worked out a pohitleal orgaulzation " un- parulleled in any olher country or fu any other perfod of the world's history. . .. Tt 15 also constantly .mmf thut our system depenuts upon the gunoral intoliizenss of our venule. It 18 true that, without popular fntel- Jigence, virtue, and patristism, we ehall sink Into snarchy, corraption, and ruln, But this is true af uil other civillzed uations, ‘I'ey apeedily full intodecay without the same virtucs, ‘This rent trath, oa 1t 18 usually expressd, does not carry with 1t a tull and clear {dea of the na- turo of that lutelhgence upon which our Gov- croment devends. Wo demand uot only gen- eral Intelligence, os it 1 required clsewhere, but in additlon speclal intolligences, without which our volitleat system cannot be conducted. Irs vecultarity, which distinguistics it from all oth- wrd, 18, that it st bo ahted by TIHOSH BPECIAL INTELLIGENCES which make fts very hife, and which, in namer- oux {nstauces, ean carry on 1 funs of governwent, oven swhere {uteliigence iy Lo wantiow, Wit s meant by apecial - teiligonce 18, 1or tustance, this: A won faching edacation, und with s limited Enowbedy besoptaced that lic kuows better than m men where s road should La Juld or u school: house Luilt, and ke may huve n decper interest thau others In Javine those ‘1langs well dune, Wine men will, tierefore, cive to him tho cou- trol of this work. Tue same theory Is truo of myny other eiluirs which concern the “wellurs of socicty, Our fnthers, bofora our independen aud when they shuped our system of o ment, weto forced by the then stata of ety to avall themsclves of such apectal fotelli- pepees. These not only served to pro- wmiote the interests of tue Colontes, but they enabled the franers of our Cousthiution tosolve problems whers the worla saul they would fail, No mun can understand the spieit and geoica of vur political fnstitutions who dovs ot trace ont the uses made Ly our fathers of hess special futellizencess nor can o fecl s lie shiould hiv dutics and vights us a cftizen, unless hegees clearly that our system fmposcs upon him cerbain work which be can perform, und upon them oa SOURCE3 OF 00D RATINER THAN OF RVIL, ‘Fiiey foel that our systemm ja not ondy moro con- vervatjvo thau all athers, but that it hos less to fenr from wild theorles or from party passions, Distress alivfys makes discontent, und men ‘who aro fn trouble turn with futerest and hope to every proposed remody, It is our duty to treat their views with respcet, for, while thelr theortes may be false, thelr sulferings are real. It is well that wo are taugbt by popular agita- tlun the cxistenco of evila, It s nccessary for those who biave chargo of publle affalrs to learn what men have in thelr minds,—what views they hold,—at what cnds they nhn, We can gain many trutbs from tnode who may hold mistaken oplnfons. Onc of the advantares wo enjoy under our form ol goverament 1s, that wo can lot false notlons curv themselves. Itis not necessary for the public safety to restruin frecdom of speech. It ts o striking fact that, whilo the movarchs of Germuny and Russia, with vast armles under thelr control, are dis- turbed and endangered by the thuor‘rl of Bo- clalists or uther revolutionary associations, wo listen to them without fear. "We allow tho ut- most frecdom of speech, and wo rely upon the good sense of our people to inake harme lesnall uppesls to prejudice, Elscwhera tho violent passions or fusane cotism of 8 theorist may lead him to shoot o manarch and ahake n £tate, Here he can only indulge w violent dec- lumation which wav attract u passing notice, snd then he siuks into hopeless obscurity, In Europe his teachjugs ars decmed dangerous Lo soclal order, Hero thev serve only Lo satisly the pubiicof the folly of his views, and to strenzelien the public faith in the valuc of soclal order and of thne-tested truths, On the wholo KUCI MEN AlE UBEFUL TO US. Thelr vanity dies out whern uo one cares for their opintons. Witbout the atd of persceution they aink Into pitlable helplessness. — After u time the truth gets throueh their wddled bisins that their soceches and writings only help the social system which they seekk to overthrow, Alost of them becoms tudustrious citizeos, eoin sume proverty, and ablior the lea of shariug it with less fortuiate or morg 1d1e assuclates, The folifes of fanaties fregurently teach wisdom bet- ter tiau the words of the wie, But the purpoas of the writer is uot to speak of the dutferent theorles which hove their orfela 10 the depresslon of fudustry. Our country will roun rise sbove its business troubles. "It 18 enough to sav that the conflicting quinjons lield by the numerous orgaulzutions which haye recently sprung up will noponly teach ud many truths and leud us tu just Ideas about business and dnunces, bug thoy will alko our attention to the theory and eenfns of ouy Govermment, We witl ear that our prosperity und progress ars not slune due to our aterlal sdvantages, but fua prent degreo are the re- sults of our forms of government. ‘There are othier lande with amale territories, with climates os genfal, with solls as productive us ours, which sbowr no sieus of growth und gredtness. ‘Che passions stirred up by vl war, sud the speealative excitement which followed it, hnve Jud us to negleet trutha wisteh we shiould ever bear in mind. Sotetlipg may be regatned by yecalling even famlliar fucts, us they may allay th fearé of those who distrust the future by « shawing thut vurs I8 the most conservative tov- croment fo existence; that under it va edn do much to promots the pubile fnterests, aod the duty yests upon Lim to do what ho can 1o uplold the bonor sud the welfare of our Ru- public, While we Loast uf uur progress, we tind our selves conlronted by OUEAT PIOLEMS IN TUE NKAK-DY PUTUKR. From thls tune our average Incrouse will probgbly bo more than LGOGW0 cach al are - than 4,000 vach dag,~mors thau 70 cach leeting hour! ‘Tuls fs o growth unpar- ahelad do the history of tie world, and throws nto tbe sbades the results of Europcan strug- . gles fn war or ot the subtilties of dinlowacy 14 peute. The question §s forced upon our winds, Arvuursystems ot Stateor Ueueral (overnwents fitted tonicet such vost wud rapidehonges! Wuag #re the Jeadmg featurca of vur political policy which bas served us so well beretojore, and npon which we place ourtrust to carry us vasely througl the years to cume? To, get clear views 13 on these poluts we wust dlapel wuny falee sdeas with recurd to the theory aud structure of our political lustitutions. It (8 4 comon oplu- fon that our Goveroment ultlers from otbers because we hola that power rightlully bejougs muy which will be productive of good, despite thy e of mujuritles, or even thc luck uf genero) utellicence i the community in v hich bo lives, It £4 not the purvose of this artlele to present any partisan views of the distribution of power between the General uud State Governuients, or 1o touch any coutroverted political polnt, Its duaigu du to show that every cltizen, WITHOUT REUARD TO MAJURITIES ond without undertuking Lo change the winds or tlevate the general wtelllgenc of the Amerl- cuhs people, Con 60 use his -Yuulul power wud f teihjienee a8 Lo promoto the publle wellar alsu 10 prove thut under our muchinery of goy erument, 3 thero are wid 1o the wejority, and that §t fa bustcd ubona be- | ju locul il adued it .hmfi. ¥ . L - - F Lene adudulst Nl i tho- gencral futellizence of the people, | watle - Hes &t the door —of the " imde Whils there 6w messure of truth (o thess os- pertions, they ueverthelvss wislead us with re- sord Lo the fstioetive feutures of ovur politival systew. Wy confound vur icthods of geiting Bt the will of the wajorty whtis the weasure of power wiven 1o the " wajority. AN cive ilized Goveruments claim that they represeut tus popular witl, sud to a great extent they do: furet thsday o civilized Governent r:ium stund tnat decply and persistentlv uflend- €d tie bodv ol the people. “Fhese would soon Sud u way ol overturning it, it not by ballots, then by bayonets, No womaren to Europe dare vidual citizena, becuuse thoy did not do ther persoual duty I the vurticaler tield marked out oF thew by our aystem of laws. What fs said about the powers of wajoritivs aud tho rights of winoritics, ahout geueral and special lntelil wencca and dutics, 18 for the purjoss of seatter- Iug certuu clouds tuder which we are st to hilde wur dutics frow our Uwn vyes. Let us placo oursclves wiiere our fathers stood when thicy worked out our polliicul system, and thus learu what they mesut to do.” A peoule thinly scuttered over a conticent, living uoder ooposlte couditions of ellwmate, production, wod womestie habits, were to be nuited for purposes uf commoy defense and welfare. This could only bo done by secnring lo cach section of a vast regfon laws which would prontote the pros- perity of overy part, Where was the wisdom to frame the laws 1o mect the wants so diversified and conflicting! They knew from experience that Kioge, Lords, and Commous could not do it. Thelr Faflures led to the Rovolution. They claimed no wisdom superior to that of Pariia- ment,—for that was the pertod when a host of orators .l statesmen made Parliament glorious in_Brittsh annals, The Colonfes were practl- cnlly as reaote from each other a% from Briteln, ~when ~obstacles to Interconrae were taken intd account, The uecessitios of the caso forced our fathers to frame thclr Slme and General Governments upon prinel- Dles TN NEYERSE OF THOSK which usnally mark the polily of natlons. Thelr theory takes away control "from nolitical centres, and distributes it to the various points that arc most futercsted In 1ta wize and honeat cxercise, it keepe at every maun’s home the greatest share of the political puwer that con- cerns hio fudividually. It ylelds to the remoter Teglslative bodles in diministing provorttons as they recede from the dircet infiaeuce and action of ibie people. Tha local eelf-zavernment un- der which our 2ountry ia expanding itaell over a continent, withont " becoming wealk by Its ex- tenslon, Is founded on these propositions, That Guvernnient is tmost wise wileli I3 In the hands of those hest informed about the particular questlons on which they legislate; most cconom- feal and honest, when “controlied by those tnost interested In preserving frugality and virtue; must strone, when it only exerviscs nuthor(t which s beneflclal In fts nction to the governed. These arc obvious truths, but tow arc lhu{ to be made nvailabio for practical purposesi Tt Is In this that the wisdom of our {nstitutions con- sizts. In their progress, thoy are developing truths 1ndmvemmcm. which liave not only dis- appointed tho hopes of our cnemies, but disst- pated the feara of our friends. ‘The goad order of soctety, the protection of onr lives and our property, the promation of re- \igion snd learning, the enfarcement of statutes, or thio upbolding of_the unwritten laws of just moral restraints, mainly depend upon the wis- dom of the inhabitanta of townshlps. Upon such questions, so for as they particularly con- cern them, the people of the towns sro mora in- telligent and more futerested than those vutside of their Hmits can be. The wisest statesinen, lviug and acting ot tho City of Washington, tanpot understand these nfairs, nor can they conduct them, se well as the cltizous upon the raund, although they mav be unlearnd men. Vit Is truc of one fown {s true of rhio other 10,000 towna in the United States. When we shall have 20,000 towne, this systom of zovern- ment will in no dezree becomie overfonded or complieated, Thers will bo no moro then for caeh citizen 10 «do than now. Our town oflicers in the aguregato B A ARE MONtB IMPORTAN than Cougressmen or Scuators. Hence, the fm- portance to our Governmantof relliglon, morality, und education, which ealighten and purify the governed and the governurs at the samo thne, i which st ever conatitute the best securi- ties for the advancement gnd havph of our country. ‘Township powers and duties edu- cate ‘and elevate thiso who oxcrcise them. The next organizations {n order ond importance are boards ol county ollicers, who control questions of a loeal charae: teg, but affectiir @ greater number than tho habitants of single towns. The peaple of each county are mora intetlizent and more jnterested ju what coocerps thelr own affairs " than auy mnount of wisdom or of patriotism outsido of . The aggregate transactions of county ofli- vers arc more lnportaut than those of our State Tegislatures. When wehave eecured good zoy- orument In towns ood countics, most of the ob- jects of government are galned, In the ns- cending eeale of rank, in the descending scale of Importance. Is the Legislature, which {s, or ahould be, Mnited to Statu affaira. 1ts greatest wisdum 1a shown by the smallest amount of legislation,and (testronugeat clalmas for gratitnde grow out of what it does not do. Our Geuerat Qoverntnent is remarkiabilo for beingr tho reverso of every piher, Instend of being the source of uuthorlty, ¥ IT ONLY RECEIVES THR REMNANT OF POWLR alter all that coneerna towy, county, ana Steto jurisdRtiona has been distributed. Its juris- tletion, although confued within narrow litults, 18 of irveat diznity, for It concerns our National houor aud Yrurxdu for the Nallonnl defense. We mako this head of our system strong when wo confloe its action to thowe ub{wu which arc of general uterest, and prevent its intericrenco with subjects upon which it cannot act with fu- telitigence, I our General (lovernment had the power which 18 now divided between town, connty, nud State jurlsdiction, fts attempts ut thelr exercise would shiver fu {nto atomn. 1€ it were compered of the wisest and purest men tha world ever saw, It could not. understand alt the varted Interests of o land as wido o all Eurooe, and withas great adiversity of climato, soil, and sockal eonditlon. ‘The welfare ol the several commtnities would bu sacritteed to the ignorouce or prejudices of those who bad nu alrect coucern Iu” the laws thoy Imposed upon othiers. ‘T'hie theary of sclf-government s not founded upon the idea that the peopla are necessarlly virtuous and intelligent, but it attemplts to dis- tribulo cach particular power to those who have the ereatest interest fn its wise and falzh(ui ex- eretse. Such distribution s founded ou the princivle that persons most futirested in avy matter § MANAGE 1T DETTEL than wiser men who aro vot (nterested. Men et thus fn thele private concerns, When wo are slek, wo o not acck the wisest mon in the community, but the uhysiclan who s best ne- aualoted with our disorder and ita remedivs, It we wish to hulld, we seok mnot the nost learved wan, but the skillful in the kind of atructuro wo desire to ercet s and, if wwe require the services of an agent, the ousts hest for us who s best acqualnted with our wants, and must {nterested I satisfying them, ‘The Bible intimates this courss whien b says that a man can judeo better in relation to Lts own offalra thun seven. watchmen on a high tower, ‘This princtple not only secures o good povernent for each locality, but it leo brlozs home 1o cach fndividual’ a scnse of his richts abd re- spousibilities; 1t clevates his charncter o8 n man; he Is taught self-relance; be leatns that the pecformance of his duty os a citizen s the corrective fur Lhe evils of soclety, and is not led to place n vazue, unfouuded dependence ugon legirlotive wisdom, It wuot only makes cood government, but 1t nlso makes good man- hiood, Under Buropran (Guvernments, but few frel that they cun exert any influence upon pub- 11+ morals or affairs; hicre every ono kuows that hiw choracter and conduct will at least affect tha character of the towu In which ke hves, While the intercsis o1 vach section ore Lhus secured, and tho citizen ls educated by duties, the Gen- eral Uovernment Is strengthened and mada en- during by Hifting It above fnvidlouy action, and making it the point about which rally the affes tlous and pride of the American people, as the exponent to the world at lurire of our common power, digulty, und natlonality, UNDEI Tits SYSTEM our country bus atiained ita power, Its prospere ity, ond its muroilicent vrovortions, Look at it upon 1he map of the world1 It is as broad us all Europe, Murk fts boundarfes! "The greatest chajn of fiesh-wateelakes inon the globe bathes 1ts narthern Hmits, the Atlanticand Lacitle wish 1t4 castern and western shiores, and its southicin rest ubon the eeeat Mediteeranean 8ca iea. Our paliey of government inects oV loval want of this vast replong it gives enerzy, entorprise, amd freedon to oach community, 1o watter huw renia or suintl, And this ts doseso 1endily und so reato- ably that the prom rescinblea the great amd Denelleent operation “Fhis plun of carrybng dowu classes of duties to thuse who have o special tntedlgence with ro- pard to them, und peeubiur nterest in ther wise unid honest exceution, 8 u wonderful educatlon- nl wystenm, without which {t would bo diticult to carey on our Governments. 1t worklngs ure ore clearly seen n the conutry thun io cities, In many instovces 1 our uew and wild settle- nents, aneducated mew have beeu mudo Sthools Trustees, holding thetr meetings f toz-bouses or in other humble tenements, All have beeg atruck with tuelr efforts to sct Wisely, stimulot- ed by thelr uaxiety for thele ehifdven. “The writer las watched such men as tuoy rradually sulued kuowledyeof town laws, He has scen tuew B different Tocad oflices, become miem- Uera of County Bourds and ot tho Slate Legle fature. As dovernor of New York be fonud them better grounded and versed In ol that re- lotes to Jegislation thau mapy who have had the wivantuzes of weallh and education Iy nesdemic or - colleglite form, Lut who bave wboever been placed. In positions whero they have taken part In tho work of lozal dutl e plafi wen thus edu- cated aru those who, withiu o few years, bave :u‘nlw tu the West, and buve founded, orgamized, i BET IN OPERATION GRUAT STATES, ‘They have done wisely what would be decined works of statesmunship i otbier purts of the world, Alu:{ of us remember wheo Do, now the *hird State lofmportauce tn vur Union, wos but a part of s vast whd territury. Tho tmmnigrunts, traived Jo towi duties, tmade thele howes there. Iualittle time they built upa Btate, oue of the most prosperous {n the Unfon, adorned with cltles, and ealightencd by learn- fug sud religon, with more raliroads thsn utost of the Ewpires of Eurvpe, Yt this areat work bLas been dony o8 qulétly s If ft were o watter of course, und with the sanme casc with which tley buiit bouses, and barus, snd fences. While we ditfer ubout the rights of tie States or of tho Generul Government under thu Con- stitution, we syrce that tuers s a diatrlbution of jurisdictions; that all the forms of lucul gov- TUE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY. JANUARY 4, 1RIC—TWREI.¥H PAGES. \ arnment snolken of ta exist. The purpose s te (naulre what daties these distributions fmpuse upun each, and how far thelr hones!, pa- triotic performance will work out reiorms fu wovernment, and bring back simplicity, econamy, and _[nteqrity in the conduct of punlic affairs. Tt s not_only befleved that thls can bedone, but that we haveniready made prog- resa {n that dircction WNONNS X0 [ONARR CAN N PERPETRATED with impunity, which nroused no resistance but alittlo time_since, Thisis truc allke of Tocal, Htate, and Natlonal affairs. Put back into nower the men who plundered the City of New York, qive them all the advantagen of tho laws, or- ganizations, and allisnces they then bad, and they could not hold thelr ground for a single day. No one would now ventare upon the plinder of the Natlona! Treasury by Credit Mobllier or kindred echiemes, or would dare ‘o destroy our great ehanncls of commerce in New York by fraudulent contracts. We do nut now ask what should ba done by State or tenera] Governments, Wereverse the fnqutry, to lear@! what ecach cltizen rhould do where tho control of innjorities Is restralnen and the rizhts of minoritics and Individuola guarded, where a flold of duty Is marked out for every mun, and where tho spirit and genfus of our fnstitutions demand that the spectal {ntelli- genee of each citizen shall be used to promate the general welfaro, \Ve must look to this groundwork whenever we scck 10 correct public abuses, or to reform the administration of Buate of National nffuirs. When the lofty spire of some temple of relizlon swaya from the truo line, we da not aiscuss the fufluence which its piunacles excrt in throwing it from its proper sition, but we look to the condition of fis ase and buttresses, and Spend our Jabor there to restore its uprightness, for we know that there wo shall find the causes of threatened dnorer. Bad government is the logical result ot bud morals orneglect of daty by the con- stitucucy. Men n oflice do not wrm’;c the Jpeople 8o often as the peuple corrupt of licials. The men who plundered the Cluy of New York of mayy millions could nut havo done so U there had not been o stato of publle morals, of wild speculative excitement, n greed for eold no matter hiow gaineu, which suzgested and favored all their schemes. ’I'he{ wera made boll by secing traneaetions inall the walks of life, in versonal and business circles, and in all depart. ments of State and Natlonal Goveroment, which wero akin to their own, They had no business skill, sagacity, or experlenve. They did not make eorrupiion; : CONUUITION MADE THEM, - The same causes existine all over our coun- try produced the Mo resulte. Ultlzens here and elsewhere did not do their home dutles; they dld not use their soccial inteliizence to check wrong {n their own neighborbood. Wo were all swept away by the spirit of specufation, exteavogance, and Indulzence. Bad Govern- ments are the results, the punishments, and, we hope, the romedles, for this wide-spread demor- allzatton, "They impose tife penalties for neg- lect. God in His gooduess daes not permit n tfons to be linppy and prusperous when Govern- ments aro corrupt ood citizens are indierent. Indifferenco on_the part of the public maks corruption in officiala, 8light changes in public mornls act with futonsificd forve at political capitalt, a8 slicht contractions or expansions in the bulb of the thermometer make great changes fnthe rise and fall of the slender column ot mercury which marks the temperature, Fora Alice renson, any loss or galn in the morals of o people 18 potent for good or evil 1n the conduct of public affalrs. mind sbape legislation and ofleial actton, that It, {8 moro correct to say that laws ary passed through Congress or Stato Lezisiotures than it is to say they are passed by them. Tliey ure conduits rather thun enacting mrencles. Tho opiniona which sugizest, tho minds which shape, the wills' which demnnd their passaze. ARE OCTSIDE OF LROISLATIVA ALLS. The grent business-interesta of the conntry, the sentlinents of the people, the tone of public moralty, give form gnd_hue to poiitical actlon. Heneo alt acts of ofticlal corruption aro Justly looked upon by the world s statns upon the Amerlean charpcter, every committal of crimo an fndletiaent of the Amerlean people, Hard times nud general aistruss are the romedles which cure publte llls. They teach that neglect of dutles and disregard of obhgations to soclety arg cxpensive, 'and thwart our vury schicmes for gain or self-indulzence. . The Influcncesof such distributlon, nnd of the use of sprclal inteli- genve In the performanco of uillclal work, reach beyond the lines marked vut by statute- books, They educatu us to do many things which clsewiiere_arc thought to be the'work of governtient, - To got clear views of the gonlus of utir political ' fnstitutions, we niust look not only at written conatitutions and laws, but also at the unwritten laws olusege which grow out of themn, % i ) Mare 13 done to promote the publlc wel. farn outside of tho domain of laws than Ly foree of thelr cnactments. Churches, .collopes,'neademies, hospitals, and a th 1 ‘charities, are arganized and uplield by the fundy of ingiviluals and by the care of unofficial ond largely of unpald Influences. ‘Thelr positions, forms, relflous. or cdueationnl uspects, are all determined by thio speelal intelligenco of the particular communities in which they extst, They make the bascs of our sucial and politieal Aystem. Boyond all other influences thcy wov- crn and save soclety from disorder and corrup- tion. Tho restraints 1n oar Constitution nzainst any tyrauny by majorities, the satepuard thrown around tho rights of minorities and individuats, the freedom of conscience and . worshin, the sucreduesy of perdons, the sanctity ol hoines, Aho liberty of speceh and nctlon, the distribu- tion of politienl dutivs, the polley of using for the publle welfaro the special fntelifzencs of cath citizen, all polnt in one dircetion, and bring hoine to every man 118 PENSONAL DUTY TO BRAVE TUE TUDLIC, to promoto fts virtue, Its prosperty, and its glory, i some of the muny paths which are opzn to him. Toese Influences are not limjted to the particular ficid in which he Jabors. 3 Vir- tu {8 catchilnz us well os vice, (ool example 18 08 potent as bad example. 1o who does s duty sticda g 1ight which mukes other men sca the'r dutics. ‘Tne woys und mcana. for public raforms in morals, politices, or busincss, are not outside of the ordinary pursuits of life, ‘Thoy are at our firesides,~they lle in our pathways, ~—they oxist in all of our business and social relatfonships, ‘The condition of our country is favorable to reform. All honest tesehlugs tell upon tho }mhhe mind. Argument is now eatoreed by auf- crfug, ‘The aprings and sources of povern- mettal power ate under our control, The vir tites of economy or of fntegrity which wo prac- tice ourselves we will require of nur represchts atfves, They will feel aud resrnml to our demands. Reforma are not to b galucd by ralling at political partfes while negloctinie our individual dutles, 'This is o device by which wo bliod vurselves to truth, It §s nconsistent with an lopest self-respect, Newleet of political duty fs but a_sbade better thau violatlon of ofticlal duty, It crows out of u Jack of true manhood, n want of sense aml virtue, and a fecling that peréonal and soclal position do not make men equal to the work of battling with wrone, The strength of Britin In no swall degree I owime to tho fact tuat the Peers of the realin meet ip manly ways the rough cutivs of polit- teal atruegies. Polltleal partlea are, in publie xMairs, what John Doe and Richand Ttoo uaed to b in Jegal provecdings,~fictitious names to conceal the real uctors, \We aro 100 apt to satisly our con- selences und bllnd ourselves to our own neglect by railing at them, As portles embrace the whols populatlon, why not say that the Ameri- cun peoble have been corrupted, or maae extrave agant, or indifferent to their oblizotions as efti- xenad ‘Uit §s what the fucure historian will say of this perlud, Sholl we not also make him gay that t! 1 conditlon was fullawed by A BEVIVAL OF NATIONAL VINTUES, wnd that the beginning of the seeand century of wur existence as o people was murked by 4§ re. turn of the Iutegrity and patriotism “‘which fuspired our fathers 100 years acot ‘Tho social, political, uud Luginess ovils which affect our couptry ure uot to be cured by polit- leal strutegy ner by tricka ot statesinunship, *No couptry can be legislated out ol distrees, crling, or poverty. No laws fu civilized countricy arc potent for good which do not emanate fron tho sentiments, habits, and virtues of the peo- vle, They demand personal, fircalde, atd Yoeal reforme. They vanuot by tuade by olbers for us, ‘They must be wroughe out by ‘each wan in thio use ol lits wpectal intellizenco sl personal power, In olil.e und out of it, fu ull forms ol uneeltish work for the general wellare, i con- yuntion, uoun the platform, fo the puloit, and turough she press, 'The lumlerants of varled Ilncazes undd creeds woo colne to our shures exclte fears fn thu minds of sowe, These spring from nurrow prejudlves. Ail pl of civitiza- tlon give Lroaver views sbous a), relizious, avd jolitieal yquestions, Men of loval funth in -our Goverument fecl that this mingling of Ku- fupean races on this Coutlneut will uive ug higher clyBleation, greater puwer suld prosper- Ity thou bave yot boen sveu n thu listory of the world, Hogario Byzovit. DISSIPATION IR HIGH LIFE, Tho Noou salled huwe A the clock steock twelve, T vew waas the Siare were about: VsMly guldeu- hojred darlioge. Are all of you luy" Why, Ma, We ara every oue uun"‘ X - ———— Au English Fallure, Rsgnr, L ‘There is a Scaudiuaviau -Jegend sbout a crea- ture that otiacked slecpers und sucked their blood, Net that the creature was bloodtlirety, Bo completely does the stato of the puolle’ .the wholo conutry to lend thelr old in suppress- orawatlowed the bibod, but it was bound by a cruel decree of fate to thus aiilivt the people of Scandinavia, We thought of the Jegend when read the balance-sheot of James Morton & Totat labllities ndly oyer three mill- fons. Unsecared llabrlities ~grandiy ayer two milllons. Debts dua to the City of (Hasgow Bank about twa millions and n quarter, and tho securitics held by the Bank nominally worth about £500,0), The adrances’ to theflrm by the Hank on open credit, £670,667. When the firm atopped the eash in hand was £200. The personni assets of the company (Aloxander Tay- lor)are eatimated at £1.524, no shillings, no pence. Personsl assets of James Muorton. no pounds, no shilllogs, no pence. Vi, Samehow or other wa cannot awallow the word nil, What has become of the money? it! The big fieures we have quoted, onen credit £876,567, for example, and, so far ns James Morton {8 concerned, al ?m‘. Nit? Then, why did he do it Why 312 he provokes the bitter curscs of aver u thousand familles? Fornil7 Was ho like the Scagdlnavian crea- ture fn the bloodsucking legend, the Instrument of & cruel fate! At the meeting of ereditors the reporters wera not admitted, The bost mortem was accret. Bo ¢ #0, but there ought to be a public fuquest. Why, & vender of horse beef atuck upon skewers for tho.sustensnce of our cats would havo suma porsonal gmncrlsv. if ho came to floanclal grief. Here s James Mor- tan, who has had milllons of pounds through his eeive, and not & pound, not a shiiling, not & bronze tokep, hus stuck. Bo far as hels voncerned, all the monoy fs as clean wone as Inat year's London snow. The $1,623 of Alexander Taslor—the Uo.—ts a harad fact to swallow, and {s well nigh fudigeatible as a bit of lead. But Jomes Morton's mil sticks in the throat. 8o 'twve walt with tho ntmost lmpaticnce for the public Inqueat on the.deceased frm. OUTRAGES IN. THE SOUTH. Negroos Demanding Thbir Rights—An Ad- dress by tho Young Men's Progressive Assoclation of New Orloans, ‘The Young Men’s Progressive Assoclation of New Orlcans haa {ssued an address to the coun- try settiog forth the wrongs Inflicted upon the colored citizens of Loulsiaon, and tha purposes which the Assoclation hopes to accomplish. Extracts from tho nddress are glven below ¢ * It would be nnnccusnrl{. not to say tedions, to go over tho period of fiiteen yoors, during which time our people wero made to sufler the bittercet trials; thelr griovances, it well collect- ed, would cover thousuuds of pages, every line of*which weuld move tho heart ef avy man except a Southern bulldozer, We can conceive bow difficult 1t 18 for the civilized and refined peopte of tho North to giveeredonco to uny stotoments concerning thicse horrible decds, which belong propesly to tha dark ages of bar- barity nnd crimo. Yot they arc facts which stand forth as plaln as tho noonday suu, When President Inyes inaugarated his + Bouthern policy,” which gave the long-covet- ed * Jocal self-government * to tho Bouth, we had huped that tho prejudicial fcellng in regard to tho black man’s suflrags Lad subelded for- ever; wo had hoped that there would havo been no wore sazasainations, whippings, or intimida- tlons: wo had hoped that the rood citizens of the Bouth, without 1egard to race, color, ur pre- vlous condition, would havo been nllowed on clection-iny to go to the polls, and, in the lan- guage of I'resident Ilayes, ** cast one unintin dated ballot, and Lnve that ballot houcstly counted,” Iliusury, fallacious hopes, At tho first election alter the inaururation of that poll- g, tho outrages tnflicted upon defenscless col- ored cliizons—Iepublicans In polities aud con- victions—by the lawlcss bands of night-riders, styllng themsclyes * Regulatora” or White Léaguers, In the Jarger Republican parlsics of tha Fourth, Fifth, and 8ixth Coneressioual Dis- tricts, may well evoke the carncst consideratton and hearty condeioontion ot every loyal Ameri- can_throughout the country,—such cascsns that of Daniel Ith, of Quachita Parish,who was riddicd with builets, aud lis nssassination completed whilst upon his dring bed tryini to make peace with his God; Horman Bell, of the samo parlal, taken from s homo {u_the dead ot nicht, drageed to the woods and massacred, his body left to feea tho vultures and the prowllng beasts of tiie forest; Commodore Smallwoosd, Charles Carrol, Juhu Higgins, and Washington I, of Cuncordin Farlsli; Charles *Bethel, Robert Wiltiams, Munday Hill, James Staord, Louis Postlewalt, Willlam Henry, ana othiers, of ‘Yensas Parish, who were ruthiessly murdercd in their diffcrent paristes Jor no other vreason than that ot belog™ Republicans, and for nt- tempting to exercise thelr rights as American citizens, Whola patlshes were run over, and vietlins of **local self-government ™ wers by by scores hanging 1o treess ail thla even uurInF tile awful timo when God was pouriog His wrath upon the Btatoas & sceming chastisement for these hellsh deeds, These ara facts, patent fucts, no inutter bow incredible they may seem, ‘Fhe above swunmary Is” epough to ahow b gmnl coutroveray that the corner-stone of outhern creed conalsts fn the gradunl but re- Jentlesa extermination of tho negro race, Opon thu suceessful operation of that barbarous doe- wring bung the hoves of these frreconcllable encmlius of the Constitntion 3 get full control of the Yovernment, No item iIn the history of tho darkust azes of barbarlam offera n parallel, either 08 to the character of the contrivante or the manner ol exccution, Paelfic appeals and virtuous cxamples will never solve the problem of Auicrlean auffraye In the South; expericnco has ubundwitly demonstrated that all experd- ments founded on pollcy nnd sentivientallsin looking to this cud have ‘signally fafled, Such 1s the condition of our Statu to-day, znd these are the reasons for the funuguration of this As- sociation. If woare citizens of this grout and irco country wo demand our rights as such, We appeul first to Premdent Hayes, and we are proud to hall with pleasuro his ‘message in rgla- tlon 1o his “*Soutnern polfey '3 wa sce in it the honest sentiments of an lionorable stateaman; wo sce fn 1t the hwinanitarian, the Christlan, and the Prestient, and we Juok to him to rectify these unparnlicled outruges upon American clti- rens. Wau proteat that *local seif-government! Bouth meaus politleal outrazes, under which the rights of citizons need tho protecting arm of tue Natloval Government, We appeal to Cone gress to enact such luws 28 will remedy the Dreseut outruges upon the civil and politiesl rizhes of Republican citizens of the Bouth. We appenl to the Judiclary to punish without dis- tinction of position, wealth, or pedigree, these Juwless twen who dye thelr handsin funocent blood, or those who aid and abetjtho same. We [ mcfl to the rellizlous and moral sentiment of . fngz these greal wrongs, We ars uncompromis- fugly opposed to ouy schems lovklug to tho dis- franchisemient of our race, We fndulze tne cotiviction that thoe olfenses committed against, and ail asuaults made upon, Amerlean cltizen- ship con b checked fu the Bouth us they are fn the: North, il -tho laws are properly enforced. We are proud to acknowledps our adhoston to the Natlonal Republican party, but we stund readvy to co-ou- cratd with the goud cltizeus of any acction of the Stato {n the interest of roform, wherever such co-operation does not futerfere with our car- dinul principles. Vo shall always consider it a sueclol vause for gratificativn whenever our asslstance can be jwstrumestol In promoting the uercial interests of this Gommonweaith, Ever mindiul of the fact that we aro yitaily in- tereated In tho welfare of the State, wa shall alwuys strive for (ts prosperity, « in fact, the record of uur race fu that direction L a fatter- fne memento to Our rewuutbrunce. Wa favor the calling of 8 convention at the carliest practieal moment for the purposs of de- vising meaus by which wa can svcure tho enjoy- ment of that ‘protection which so for hns bean shnply s taunt to our suffuring people. Wo wunt ircedom of ballot for sll clilzony allke. We want safety in llfo and proverty, freedom i the purswit of bappiuess, aud (v the acquirfng of education, - We i these blessings in the Constitugiou, aud we bope to find the sulution of the means of evjoying them fn tho Learts of tho Amerlean people. ‘Tho Young Mew's Progressivo Assoclation propuse that the gricvances of our race i the South shall be wade known to the world. We udvige tha colored men to set aside their per- sonal ditfereitces i this solemis hour of our ex- fstence, und turn over o clen leaf tn salutation of the dawn of anew era which pleads for har- wouy, unity, und cordiality. Our inotto "'l‘n:s"(.‘mlnllluuun. order, wud good Govern mont. A Campalgn of Terror Describod by a Lady Who YWrites from VPersonul Koowledge. Uelow are printed extracts frow u brivate let- ter recently written by a lady now living to Luuisiang to frlieuds in New Eogiand, describlog Southiern outragea: 1 am tweuty years olace than when I Jast wrote, and bave died a thousand deaths o the Just twwo mionths from tervor for the fte of my busband snd the boys,—uot ui uccount of the epldemie; it ceased 0 bu o lulxlc when the ca- reer of crime commenced, \When every dav rullod up its frigbtful record, traced Dby the hands of mlduleht asassing; when bolues wade after God's Hkeness dlsgaliod. themselves with paint, snd , sud tree- moes,~uniil tuey looked lie demuns, ss the; went wbout witd lugh and gua, scourging an killing under cover ol niglt, (I wumew and cblldrén, and 1t way be ine, too, trembled ut Jts_ avproach; wden uothers, sl wives, and duuvliters feit that death in its nate h aral forms would bo o relef.—ulmost a J\].('Zl“"c; then the epldemic lost fts tervors, e » betore the electlon (If that farce—or tragedy rather—can be ao called) uuwl [ the walrds stationed about ourtown were calivd olf tu swell Lhe runks of the hul\lduzen. sud the few thut romained vave ot it end gavo up, it the destrover wos .t come under gulss of sfckuces, glving warning ¢ of his approach. Jlow many have fallen duidng | ho lato campalen can- not catimated, ahd | et perhaps the whole will never bo known, for ] tepublicana are afrfil to Inform even through tt ¢ matis,—they cannot 1ive and speak.: ‘The Det iocrata suppreas aml conceal thelr deoda; they are abiewd enouh to know that the less kinown the hatter for them. At the same timo they seit 1 out garbled, Iying statementa m the woeld, ¢ nd the world profers to bolieve them to bellevit u the treath. In Morehouse Parieh 948 shot by a eolored man A white man nataed . \liea, ¢me of ngang who went at night to do sume widpping. Suv- eral houses wérg visited and. LI1b occupants whipped, but they came finsliy to & house that id not answer to thelr demitnds. They fired into 1t_and kilkd one chilid;f thas forced the door. ‘The father of e ch [ld ot lnto the crowd and kitled Allen, who w s tida firat to en- ter, The others fell back for the inoment, avd In the darkness nnd confusion the tiegro rushed out and made bis cscape. ‘I' g miscreants mot fire to tho honse, burnt the de ad aad the livide chilid, and the wile, who had toncealed hersélt under the fluor, harely escape d, budly burnud. We know Allen’s family, ey was a bad boy and & worse man. Ho was nrrested two or thres yvars and taken | to New Orleans for negroes,” but was honorably atquitted, af course. You should sce the newapuper account of it, saying that Allen, *“ona of th o beat and brave est,” died for “the peace of his comwmunitvy ho died for Louistann.” e 1rus '* murderously shot down" while ‘‘paking 1oy see 't a stiurbu- Ient meero® who had heen ‘‘making viclent tireats.” My husband owe s his life to: his known cournge and ‘hmm'mnun of hirj de- termined little body-guard, :The boys tiever fet him go about alone, and 4% was woll kiown that somebody besides tho nasails uts would, get hurt,—and nobody felt like bes'ng that sime- body. [t he could have been A e unawsres, he would have been picked off |ong azo; but the safe vpportunity did not oflar, ‘The time, and place, and manner of his dewh have licen fised more than onve. Upon ¢ine occasion, while he was absent §o the hill piirishes, fnfor- mation was brought me that he yits not tyre- turn alive, He and his guard wAre thoroug iy armed, and his would-bo assaflants were htld {u check. II he had been aloneire would halve been kitled. b It would take volumes to tefl you what I know, and yct I know so Dttle comparativel r, and peraaps you ma{ be, ke the Morth geney- ally, tired of the “bloody shivt.” Tht trouble (s not now or in any way different from thatin preceding campalgns, except that thiro was no protection this timo: formerly thero siasa littlo, Tho Deaocrats are simoly finishinz up theworlk begun formerly agd left uniinished, and there wna nothing to relirain them. Thev will soon make it appear that they aro thevictimsand tha Republicans the ageressors, Wo arc doomi:d at hotne and abandoned abrond, and koow it. ! ———e———— RESUMPTION, Views of Prominent Citizens of New York. Nno Tork Tribune, Jan, 1. 9 ‘Tho New York Christian Unlon of Jau, L con- tains letters from somo of the men best kaowa in that city for vusiness experience and futegrity, upon the probableeuccess of the resumptién of specle payments and its effects upon um‘ om- | morclal interests of the country, From 'these lotters, written in reapunso to the request of the cditors of tho Ohrlstian Unlon, llberul exiracts are given below under the natwes of thio writers: WILLIAM A, BOOTH, z Thero {a far lcss dlstrust among fluancial men in relntion to resumpiion st this. time ithan there was the do; vlons to the ‘resumption in 1857, and 1 tnfuk there is now more contl- dencu that specie-payments way ho couthiued t:nn there was wiien Lhe banks resumed ac that tiue. (ling JAMES RUBLL. 1 can geo no reason ab preacnt in tha finoncial hiorizon to defeat resumption. Tho Secrciary hias ample powers and unple incans ot bis coni- mand, and, best of all, the publlc wind s 0. unisoh with the object. The umlanch of trado 13 lorely In our favor, ond oll the great staples of the country are lower or us low as'they wars before the War, and, in fact, they D“Y rvesuwed, 80 10 Bpeake | JUDOE KOAI DAVIR, . The daogor is fn Congress. In tila country we can stand bad laws 11 they are not voustuntly changing from bad to worse, 1t Condress wero not in sessfon, and could nut sit for o Vear,thers would be littte danger or feat, As it 1A, an aox- loty will oppress the business commubiey, ke thie fear thut haunts people who live neAt-nelih- bors to a lunatic asyluin, The coumi\v ought cverywhero to tinite W rayor to Congrels tolet ‘ things alose. ‘The war on tho Natlonal, banks 8 mother danger, The objcet 1a to 1esusct- rato Stuts bunks. They who rycoliect the reign of tho “wild-eat" ond ; “reu- dogg " currency of the past koow what {6 likely to come to_biilbotders when BState bauks arc restored. . Now nobody asis e whnt Siats u Natfonal bauk is located. Every bill Is tho equal of overy ottier of the snme deviomination. Liven if the bank bodrokon tho bill passes, for ** Uncle Sam " tokes, mh\?l v at Waabingion, Never yet, of all tho mitlions fesued to National bunks which have broken or gone into liguidation, has a Alngle dollar been presented and not redeeinsd. This satety snd conlldeucs tmust not be dise turbed by rash and rucklcss theorists, by whom, the chaees of fullation and specnlation nre rated higher than the secunty of the people. 1 velieye ou eru_of sound prosuerity Is telorn the country, aud all the swunder for its. sloy) and L!rmlunl'approuch. Manufacturca are risin) —better tulnza are made; ond hereaftor w: moke $dr ourselves, ani shall not buy of uthors what we can make {wllur.‘ We are bound, alav, to compate with the best abroud. And aqumt tor.of n century honce Amerfca will bo tho :preut free-trade pation of the world, und Enciand, Fraove,-und Germany will Do sheltering thiem-’ sclves bohind tarlffs for protection, cat nen, nud bonest princlplus to make res kmp- tion sucvessful aud our future sccre, i . GEORGR 8. COR. . I toks plensurs {n saying that resumption is already an. aecomplished fact, and thero seens 1o me no okl ressun why it shonid not pub uently contitue. The commerdal eaud iulor are in tho hiehest degrce fuvarable, and. t general situation, resources, nud proapuis ol tho country all uidte I ofalue the movarheut, There ts also an earnest purpose on the 1 srt of bauks ana thoe community to co-operate wit b the Government In re-catubllshing the cummeyelul standord of tho world,as weli In howmnw as fu our- torelgn trade. WILLIAM . DODGR, 1 havo full fuith In the success of resumption, and for the Tolowlng reasons} i Hirst—"Tho country_has beon anticlpating and! preparing for it for the past two years, and wo, shall enter upon {t with perfect coas and with- out auy excitowents i Second—There are but two partles on whom the burden of resuming and malntaining spocis payinents rests: the United Scates Governtgnt, aud the Nutloual banks. Indoed, osn watier of fuct, but one; s4 the United Status holy! Government bonds 8s sceurlty for thu N tonal bank currency, the former mupt aud can protect Al “issucy of N)- tional bauhs, and . thoe Treasurer of | tho United States has provided a apecie furmd | Tarzey In proportion Lo the suount of peoer in clreulation than tho azercgate which was held by tho different banks ull_over the conntry Lo- fore the War, And the conlldeney with which the present paper arculation ol the Govern- munt and thy Natfonal bonks {3 Leld by the peovle is far beyond anything ever known undur the old Btate-bank system, when the country was_flooded with paperof which the genonil public knew out little. Third—1The long depressjon through wiich wo bave been passing greatly Sacilitutes and luas paved the way for resumptlon. . Fourth—Tho balance of tride has continued 80 loug in our favor, aud the mapld Wnprowe- ments in all domeatls tnauufaviures bave of .juta so changed our foreign relations that wo 1nsy Lo assured our lmfuru und exports for u Junig thne to come will by such as tprevent hyayy suipiments of apecla to other coudtrivs. Fyth—It our banks will refuse to loan on specle, wo ag torender s coruer in it by speculntoga wupostivle, 1 have no doubt of the succeds ot resumption, st us ita result a general revivijl of contldence, with grudual but sure return 1o prosgiority. POSTMASTER To LydAMES, The fact that resumptian flas come of its ow n secord und without belng:fgreed or alded by las v is tho stronucst proof of the wisdowm of Fhos 3 who desmed It necessary to specily 8 i vos * its actual taklug pluce.” Its desirability is, fo'. wy judement, o sound and strabebtforward ex- « presston of the people in fuvor of houusty sud . tutegrity lu our Nnaucial aystem, and its pracel- + cabnlity is already demonstrated by the adoption + of old vaymeats {u busfuess cireles during the past week. As to ita cfleet upon ths postal . serpvice, 1 can only judgc that as resuwption whil , uudoubtedly Le beucllcfal to commires and o buslucss of ol kinds, hoseby lucresslog ther weed for additional postal facititles, the reye - nues of the Postal Department wii be propor - tlonately luzreaseds ) ¥, A PALMER. Ju reply to muny (nquirtes s to the probabl (e chances of the Unlted States Treasury and thie banks of inis and otber cltles resuining and co: = thouuie specle-vayments on and after Juw. ! {4 1579: from @ loug uud varied experience 118 Lusiticas Ly this citv,—tur sbout filty years,— {1 thiok the business-wen of this und otier citic \8 fully ugry upon she pecessity of reoumin ; shecie-paveaents, aitbongh disapproving ok i passage of the Resumptiou law so far inadvenu b Wo hnve only to bu inflexibly true tn hunes: money, hon- | e At uneh stuff as tuat. s wie cloves with It aud then eat it, but the = vl wrapped It up sod put it in her pocket of the time that It should wo into effect. A much preater sinount of vroperty has been log to the ¢lefzens of che United Statea in the sieiny. age of values of nll real and personal properiy than the cost of sunpresaing the Rehe ‘The loss anstain8d by the owners of U States bonds cannot fall much short of $u0j. 000.000, cauised moatly by nnnocessary fearatngg when resumption should take placo valney would be so ancertain that no person would hyy them except nt greatly reduced prices. All the varfed interests wil ‘be_grestly benehted Ly permanent specie paymenta, and I see 1o res. son why sucn pavments shiall not continne, pro. vided tie Secretary of the Treasury exercise the powers conlerred upon him without any hindrance on the part of Congress. JOHN THOMPSON. 1 cannot doubt for & moment that the peopte ars in favor of a specle basis for our curren and credits, and hence I fully belioye all wifi join In the wooa work and minke It an eminest succcss. Weo hava three clasres of legal-tender currency.~gold coln, the atandard sliver dollar, and greenbacks. Legally, and for & leaal-tep. der, elther Is as gnod as the other; therefor nothing can be gained. in & business potnt :} ylew, by diserininating against either clas; but, in A Gnancial polut of view, much good wi) s cl‘l’l.‘hy discriminatiog in favor of the grees. It 1, X. THURBRR. 1 have no doubt that the resumption of svecs payiments bas been in » measure discounted. Altmost eyery thinking man has seen for tis Insl(yeu the great impravement In the credit of the (iovernment,—enabling Sceretary Sherman to float a 4 per cent loan,—thes wonderful [p. crease in our cxports, and the great decrease (o our imports. All this hias shown that It was go- ing to Lo an easy matter to resume specle nag. meénts, and our abte Becretary of tho Tressnry was not tho man to lot 82 favorable an oppow tunity pass. ‘Inerefore, probably nine-tenthy of the people who had given any tbought to tho matter made up thelr minds that we would resume specic payments without s flnancisl convulsion, Yet woshall all breatho freer Jt, after Jan, 1, and for n perlod of a_few month, everything moves along quietly, Then we sbal berln to foet the full effects of belnk on a sound financlal basts. . 8. WINSTOX, 1. Resumption has accomplished these great resulta, - Anticipation of ft fed tho Trusteesof our sound e institutions, who wers mca of oxpericuco and discretion, to resist as fa \ns practicable tus _extravogant assumptions and speculntions of the era of Inflati ond 80 ‘to arrange thelr business an oeeurfties a8 to be ready. for resump- lon whepever it should come. 2. Resnmption 110w finds such conipanics with osaets worth par 1n gold, or within an influltesithal fraction of «, u‘!ml fully able to meet all their oblizations, #) Resumption at this time, with genoral bugl p/css reviving over the land, the people less in debt indlvidually than aver before, the conntry ¢/ eveloping ts productive capacity fn sericulturs 1| nth manafactures more extensively than nt an) her tine, and with the prospcct that tho bal | nce of furelgn trado will contitue a now large. 1y ln its favor, secures to those who are freeto ¢, ake ndvantage of it such a perlod of sound and &/ ‘encral prosperity as they have not bitherto ene floyeds g . —_——— SHE-1S DEAD. Cold, and pale, .and mill, she Natk On her anow-white hed; Bud and low the March wind sigheths Sho i3 dend, Strangely cold and lefl ahe seemeth, \ Lying starxly there; But the goiden Hight stlll gleamoth In bor hatr, Aud the same sweet smile remaineth Of sngelic grace, And & holy aniet reiznoth On herface. She fa dead: a husband weepeth For his lovely bride, - ‘While 1 xolemu watch Lo keepeth Dy her slde, Al 4 sllli—no curtain swnveth '{n the darkencd room; Aud b hushand, Kneeilng, prayoth T . thegloom. 4 Cold, : and pale, and atilt, aho Heth v 4T her siow-white bed ; 1 -Bad n‘ A low the March wind sigheth: 1§ he e dead, OxAla, 3 100Xt BnusaRen ! e ——— § o Blatr-Granger Case. - T .; Wawington Posl. ho story of tho Dlair-Girangor scandal, pub listfed @ 1 aw doys ago In tho Post, whilo sub stehitially | cub, srems to have been arroncous in o ipw \oed sentlat pointe. " From what has sincs been wadf public concernlng the matter, it 2z vegrs thal Capt. Blair ls o natlve of Scotland, Ha, umc] «1 the army ns o privatein the Fil- tegntis In} antry, but wos graduglly promoted, ubti in 19 77 his present commission of Captaln wap grated to linn. He was marsied to Mrs. Quidon Clranger about o yosr ago, st he fathorls fiesitlonca in Lexington, and hins atucs Tived voith bor in Santa Fe. “Fho atory of hixal- Jetod flrat Amrflun was made known by the Ayerlenty.Consul at UGlasgow, who canio tv Wiasbaiztpn Juat previous to the publivation of thy Pait'sartdelo, and made A statement ot Lehalt af; Mua, “Thomas Blalr Nichols, of Glay gow, who clabuia to be the lawful wile of Capt “Thomns Biuir. Nichols, allas Blair, of tho rif teenth Infoutcy, nnd that she has had children by hint. THh" Consuf alse brought with hin what prrporbd to be the acceptanca by the Wa Uepartinens'of Capt. Bialr's resicnation, whih Mra. Nichols alleges woa piven her by Cab Blair when he visited ber about s yeat ago. This m;cep!nm:qu'was. of course, false, as the gontle man_hod, pever resignod, Mrs, Granger was notificd of] taeso procecdings by her riend, Mr. Witliam 11 Vanderblit, of New York, who fird tolewraphed her to be prepared for unpleasant news. ‘Thig was followed by another disputeh 1o the éffeed that Blalr had o wife fu Scotland. Mrs. (iranizor at onee repifed in langusze whicdh indleated ‘that sho was not totally izvorant of existhng: complications, but that she would stand by her fimsband, ‘The councetion of Judgs Due haus with the matter wus cfroncously stated ‘That gentleman wmerely esllen at the War De- parfingnt to learn wint truth there wus in the rumnrs that bud reachied s, the former Mru Grangur befnz a realdont of his district. e —— A Prerocious Polsouer, Langor (Me,) Wy, The Thowmaston Mlera’d relates acaso of st tempited polsuning which tole place recently s Tentmune's Morbor. 3lss Caddio Wall, the wonid-bu polsonor, I8 about 15 vears of oge, It sewrt s that she concelved o girliah affection for B yaung man, who did not reviprocate, hut pre- ferpiul Coddie’s couyin, This wroused Caddie's feaitasy, aud she deterinined to put lier cousis Gut of_th wav, - Bhe at st intended to accom blis)1 hor purpose with arsenie, and wade wasy lmm Irles conceruing Its properties. Iinding, howvever, that she could not wbtalu it without 8 phyl leini's prescription, she bad to abandon tie idea’of uslug tbis polson, She nexs turged lef atteritfon to sugar of lead, and, Hod- 1o was frequontly used for sore eyes, Went (o a drug-storo aod obtalned 3 «uan! Ity oo the pretonve that ehu wanted it fur tllxu 1 urpose, On tho evening of Dec. 8 sho at- tendu J some sort of a soclable, and there Jouu her victime Calling her to one aidv sha guve aer 8l e sugar of lead, soyiug, “A fotlow gave e s, mlmlr aud told me to take half of I8 swid 2 )ve'you the other lalf.”* ‘Ihe young girls valth the intention of eatiog It, put It o her v 1auldy, when (ts poculiar odor arrested her ute tomtlan, aud she told Caddio that she could not Caddlo told her to put W 'hen shu got home she showed ft to her m owher, who told hior nat to cat It, and the nexd do y took it to tue drugelst to see what it was. ‘T Ve latter rmnuuuwu it sugar of lead, and said i st bie hal the w called upon to cxplaln, when she satd tst she +had bouvht it for & holizhhor with sore eyek but .« Juvestleation discovered no nelghbor with any * trouhla with (be oyes. Au attemipt was ma 3¢ to bush up the affalr, and Caddie was vob arr dateds sold 1t tu Cudilis Wall. Cuddle was ———— The Dukedom of Dedtopd. N Yori World. T tueve 1s & rumor (n London that the title snd [N est: \Weuof the Dukedom of Bedford will Le .clai t ed by person profeasiue vo be the eidest 80l 4 0¥ & private marriage, of the elghith Duke, wh 0 ¢lied, vsteusibly uomarried, In May, 1572 ot ) 1vas thon succeecded by bis cousty,” Frauck Ct syles Jastiugs Husscll, eldest son of Lurd Qe oge Wilham Rusaell und grandsoy of Johny ai: ) Duke Bedford. ‘The present Duke Is av ol lur brotber of Lord Arthur Russell, A, P wt il-kuown in tuls coguiry, and of Jord (Mo R ssell, now DBritish Ambsssador st Beriin. Tl driy yeurs ago bo uarrled the eldest dauzliter of the Btth Eorl of Delawarr, sud by her has - foor childres, tho uldest whouy George Willlam, called by courtesl e Marquis of . Tavistock, was warne only the other day. A successful lawsnis brought by & vew claimant would make a tret 1 undous tempest fn the social tespur of Lo dou aristocratic Nite. lor the fortuno .of thé Ducal Louss of Ledford 1s one of the lurgesb be!d fu tho Pecrage. Auch of it vame juto tue Tamily through tho plunderlog of tho Chunh 1u the sixteonth ceutury, wiicn Joha Husscll, u Berwick, fn Dorsetebire, got bhoaclf juto the Koyl fuvor under Henry V)1, and coutrived t¢ keen i that wiolesome sunshine throuzh (bs relgus of feury VIIL, Edward V1., and Queed Mary, belaz erduted Earl of Bedford by Eunar V., and wzden Kuight of the Gartee by Marss ‘P Eurldom becaye 8 Dubedow uuder Willisa I1l. 10 1694 ‘Tue fowlly own sn lmmcuse ci tate i the metropolls, wolch bas lucreased i vujue greatly duriog the list bulf-ceutury,