Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 3, 1879, Page 10

“LINCOLN. An Intimate View of “ Honest Old € 5 Abe." Talk with Mr, Usher, One of Mr. Lin. b eoln’s Cabinet-Ministers. Aneodotes and TInoidents of the Martyr- President’s Eventful Oareer. 8 Bag of ‘*Fxtraordinary Pemonality,” Whe . ** Dad the SKIL of the Greatest States. i man In the World,” 2ol Corremondence a7 (Nnelnnntl Fnquirer, New York, Dec. 25.—Passing through the FinY Avenne Hotel corridor last Baturday my attention was attracted to'a large, stoutish, wmooth-faced man spparently sbout 55 years of age. . “That fs Secrctary Usher, who was Io Mr. Ljncoln's Cabinet,” sald a person at my sfde. 1wheelea around st the remark, because I Lave uever ceascd to regret that with my oppor- 1doitles In Mr. Lincoln's time of life I did not ake a thorough study of him. Without any Joubt hie will loug atand as the greatest polit- fcal product of n democratic government. Not. o fortunate in time as Washington, who heeamn tbe Commander-in-Chicf of our insui,. 1.icmi- ety, and by success remalns it patriarch, Mr, Lincoln was alone the ripe product of instita- tlons 'rhich (ien. Washington but dimly con- cilved. Poorest of the poor, greatest of the ureat, aud wieest of the wise, ko needed no culoglet like Henry Lee to confer on him a dublous: title. The world Instinctively recog- sizes his greatoess, and feels it also. 3 COKXVERSATION ON ARE, “Uan you remember, Mr, Usher, aoy of the particulars of your first sacqualutance with Mr. Liocolnl": “Well,- he won the case at snit, It war the case of John J. Brown ngainst duneau, of Mil- waukee, and Fithtan. John J. Brown was one of the most celebrated men In the Western couiilry, an eminent counsel and attorney, and Iziend of 'Lincoln. He and certaln other per- £ons of that reglon had gonepnto a speculation n lohd on the site of the present City of Mil- wnukee. 'There was an old fellow by tha name of Junenu, who had a farm where Milwaukeo stands, and Brown aod others bought bis farm, paying a certala amouny down aud giving their notes for the remainder. When the notes be- vame duc, Brown and the others vlaimed that Fltuion, whom they bad sent to Milwaukee to mnke the purchase, had entered into a private vontract, by which, without paylng up any portiou of the purchase monoy, ho was to be let {n ns the negotiator. On that ground 1liey claimed the uotes were not justifled. Mr. Lincola opened the case, and when it was ap- penled the Bapremne Court affirmed it At that thne Mr. Lincoln had a good deal of the appear- once that he had in later years. 1 wasavery yuubg mnan in 1843, Hownver, I kept Mr. Lio- {nIn'¢ acquaintance, and In the courso of time Lecame & member of his Administration. d ANECDOTES, #Can't you remember anything fu minutis about him at that timai 4] remember meeting bim some time after- wasc at the Town of Parls, Iil,, which fs not far 1rom Terre Houte. Oope uf the lawyers sall to ine: *Usher, bave you seen Abe Lincoln since sou've been here? He has got some of the best stusies you ever heard in your life, and all new,’ Tuey ealled up Mr, Lincoln the second night, ond thero was a crowded rootn, aud made him £0 over those storles. I remember ons,” Lna story, broad, but harmliess, was told. Mr., Ushir suld: * ** In those days Liucoln was conslaered a firat-rato lawyer, He weut from Jourt to Court all over [llinols, and was en- geged (o many of the most important cases. He rode horseback when 1 irst knew him, but as times improved with bim and the rogds got bet. ter be haa a buggv, Idon’t think he recclved nore than 825 indhe largest cascs be tried, anid it he made $100 at a court, lasting from a week 10 three weeks, hie went back to Springficld sat- fstled,” * Was e JIUCH OF A LAWYRR, aceording 10 your notions, after the long expe- ricnce you bave bad (" “Qyes. He belonged to the ressoning class of moo, 1le dealt with bis own mind and turn- cd thiugs over there, seeking the truth nutll he established it and it becamo a conviction, As a Inwyer he never claimed everything for his client. He stated something “of hoth sides i tbe cake. have known him to say: ' Now, 1 don't think my chent Is entitlod to the whaie of what ha cluime. In this potut or that polnt he mav have been fn error, Ale st rebate something of his clain,’ He wus.alio very carelul about giving personal of- {frpse, and, 12 he had something acvere to sny, L would 1urn to bis oppovent or to the peraon about 10 be referred to and ray: ‘1 don't llke to use this language,’ or *1 am sorry that 1 havo- to be bard on that gentleman®: and, thercfore, whst be did say was thrice as effective, and very seldom wounded the person attacked. ‘Through- wut Mr, Lincoln’s lifo that kind of wiedom ut- teoded blin, and made bim the great and skill- ful politiciun he was In handling people. Heo bod o smooth, mavly, pleasing volce. and when arguiog fu Court that voice sttracted the jury und did not tire thera, so that they followed his urqument throughont, fie was not o graceful twman, Le would leab ou the back of a ehir, or ut the chatr behind him, or stand hipshotten, or with arins akimnbo, but yet there was a pleas- ure In iistening to him, becsuso be ssemed so unwercenary.” A LIKCOLN'S AMBITION, ¢ Hagd not Air. Lincoln a towering ambltioni" % No. Idon't think ho was ambitiona at all, 1t yeerns to e that bis ob{cl-t i lifo was no ereater thun to meke a living for hia lm|llv. The dremn of avarice never crussed bim, e 100k 00 initial steps to reach the Presldency or the Hepate, and wad rather pushed forward than u voluutcer. 1can't recall In those days when he attended court that he ever spoke about him- selt or took any satisfaction In yictory over an uSUVETIRTY, OF Fe| ed any good thing he had Jone or sald. As « partisan Le always reasoned for the zood of tho party, and not conceruing Lis own advancement. Consequently, when thy people had mads up their minds that there was tulent in him of a remarkable kind, they came 10 Lis asalstanca with o spontaneity and vehem- cuce that was clectrical. He resped the great qeward of unseifishnes fow men have ever Jone.” **DId Mr. Lincoln ever drink spirits or alel”! *He was werfectly {odifferent about that. tle dravk if Lo yeuted to, but generally declined, ilc wus the same way about his meals; it ho J{dn't feel huugry he would not eat, 1 have seen blin take a_ drink, but more ofteu refuee voe. We generally had a litile lk’uur on the Conrt cireult, and passed It sround. +* Ii1s fouduexs for anecdate was not an affect- atlon, nor & merely low propensity **No. Me lked the humorous slde of life, «od ¥aw g great desl of {4 truveling from shanty to shanty. He could tell 4 story very well, and 1008t Of Lis storiea were at fret band,” “Uon’t you recoliect somethiog clse, Mr, (,;bhu!.u'l" those early days which will glvo nio u ciew - MR. LISCOLN'S NaTUuE!" * Well, { can reeall 4 certaln fuclden . Sowe- v ligre ju tho ncizobortiood of the Towu of Parts there wus & Whik population, withstroni proju- ulces fn Javor of protecting blavery. Thesu peo- ple lked Lincolu, sud beiloved in” bim, wud vaw with painthat he wis becowing w Radleal, ‘They e 10 him during Court zod sahil: * We want juu to cowso np and talk tous. Wedon't wunt to quarrel with you, snd we will hear oll you bayo tu say; but sowetblue must be wroug wheo as falr u man w3 you is drifting over to Atolitionism,’ * Very well,! sald Mr. Lincoln, *1 will ¢oe up on such s duy sod give you my views.) Lincoln went ou toat duy, und wads a tetperate, sweet-toothed, cordlal nddress o thg fsaucs of the day. Slesalids * My frienas, | perceive that you will uot ugres with me, but Lt cugbt to ake uo dilercucy In our rela- tions with esch other. You bhewr e, us you always have, wit Lindness, sud 1 sholl respect youir views, 44 I hups you wiil wise “The Jieard Livcoln througzh, sud disinisscd biu wltfl rewpent, but did oot sgree with bim. Thers was anotber person up there by tho vame ol Ble- vuys, who wad lame, and be undertuok to cim- pudaize Lincolo's views, and put Lis foot in it. A certaln ductor, o1 Southern origin, interrupt- vd pteveus, aud sald ho would turusb biw, Ste- vens turued wround and replied, * Well, Doctor, ou uu thresh mig, or do auythivg fu the world uf p violent sort to we, if zou don’t give any of your pilis.’ Lincoln used to tell this atory with . i good deal of delight. You ace, o those days the ssttlees fu 1o would live in the cdges of tho thuber, which grew {u spuls aod vateoss, sud feft nuked prairiv between the groves. Jt wus ot such 8 plice that Lincolu made $hat speechion the Slavery question,” i L HLs BOUTUERNINN. 4 Afr. Usher, buw do you svcount for Mr. Lin- coln becoming a Republivan when hie was born in a slaye State}” publican party waa formed, and the Whigs gen- "Lmi rat to fooking a4 Slavery an an anadhro- nisu pose freedom, and he m: of time that Slavery In its nataro must be ae- greesive and continne to be a nuisance until we‘mnk hold of it for the good of tho conntry ani nees for the people of the State of Kentucky anid the South? could doanything for s Kentuckian, or East- ‘Tennesseean, or A Snutherner, without trespass- ing on bis duty, it alwass made him very glad to do'ft. He waa estremsly compssslonate and avalozetic for individuals In the South. If they would have the Unlon, Lincolu’s hightst smbition would bave been satisfied,”” Indifferent orlein bie had{”? him, be surprised IT T occasfonally medfums, While howas a ratlonalist in religlous questions, he scemed aleo to bo o little nf a fa- tulist, and at times to be posseased with brood- fog notions,”? wonderful capacity in the Euglish Janzuagel” zflram from the small amonnt of reading that he had. rare 10 see anvthing being the onfy book, Mr. Lincoln devoured it} and ms phraseotogy anid reverent way of put- ting thinge was of Hiblicul derivatfon.? vious timuv—ray when you were practicing law together—as a possible 'resident of the Btateal” mainly on the ecore of his debate with Dourlas. He had never been fu any great prominence as a0 oflice-holder. to hin party brought him universal zood-will, however, and he grew 5o harmontously {oto the advoeacy of Nepublican principles and opposi- tlon to Douglas’ nolion of squatter soverelgnty, that there was a general desire to sce him coma forward and debate with Douglas, vou something interesting about that debate. 10 tnatch a man of Douglas’ financlul resources, ‘The people in Lincoln's followiug, however, put their hands in their pockets and subscribed for a hand of music to appear with him, and that band was procured fn tudlans. They put thé Land on a wagon to send it by point to point of meeting. camo on to stood, hurrowed $100,000. X of it from Ben Wood ana Fernaudo Wood. ile then took n special traln of cars and mede o soft of trinmphal tour ol the State, designing to carry tha Senatorship by storm. after the contest was over withn certaln sc- rious grimnoss, ‘1 reckon that campaign has cost e !ulle' 260 It wns nunerall{ under- stood in the Ve Douglas $100,000. ' . “Lincoln's apccches against Donglas wers ex- temporancous, and ho never rovised them. M fmpression fe that young McCullagh, now an ed- itor in 8t. Louls, was the stenographer of caln's specches. marks, They met soven times, it 1 yemember, Liocoln reasoned 80 closel, Douglas’ false statements that campalgn covered with respect, and {nstant- Iy the movenient started to mako him President, 1'think it is due,' said Mr. ard's niemory to say that his extreme viows on tue Blavery question helped to beat him," tlon from the first1" predecessor fn my oflice, The Wekt generally waa for Lincoln.” ter they got Lo know each other? neas and ndmiration for Eeward, susplclon or rivalr Beward supported scruple that ho had, My {morcssion s that ihose two men were as cordial and intimato 28 any two persons of such member of tho Cabluct ho desired mu to be his Assistant Becretary, District Judgeof the United Btates fn the courso of time, snd then Mr. Smith's request. 1 was in tho Cabinet some- what woro than two years, and a time was under Mr. was_very ll-assorted. My predecessor, .ludt:e Smith, was a kind man, but without much dis- criminntion as to his followers, wan fiv:r such a thing as a regular Cobloet- meetin; and under Grant I have scen a table with chairs rluml in recular order around it, as if for Cab- M. Liocoln's Csbinel, Seward would come In and lie down on a rettce. Btanton hardly ever stayed more than fivo or ten minutes. S8ametimea Seward would tell the President the outline of some Linecoln generally stood up and walked about. own Departmeut In his owu way, pose that auch o historic period wns ever to simply operated from tho center of powers. Lincoln trusted all his subordinates and they worked out thelr own performonces. I regard Seward," said Mr. Uslier, *aa on the whole the strong man of the Cabluet, the counsel of the slek or aullen, dyspeptic or something of that day?' Lincoln would nothing, Stanton.’ ‘W with his Cablnee” district, stead of saying voters, I ruggest that you put n citizen!’ driving af eral, had pronounced negroc: ‘The Iaw of the Adminlytzation, therefore, wan walked awa; ‘was al my aide, and he sald must sticl \Well, Lincoln was o Whig hefore ths Re- Tincolu was a man of ‘demucratie ldeas ed with tho passion and patriotism ol ¢ up his mind fn the courze nt it away,'! *tDid Mr. Lincoln retaln any fancy or fond. ‘*Yes. We observed that all the time, Ifhe behaved themselyes and come into 118 SUPERETITIONS, D14 you scc any traces in his behavior of the **Yes; he bad A certaln superatition about Although I don’t know l]I should not visited Spiritual “\Vell, alr, iow does_that comport with his’ ] think that Lincoln’s lterary power partly In thosa liuts and cabins of 1tlinois It was morethan the Bibte. That WIAT ELECTRD HIX, “had youever thought of him atnuy pre- nited “0 no, Mr. Lincaln hecame President His thorough-going devotion I can tell Linvoln had 5o mouvey. e was in no posliton the rvads from ouglas meantime New_York, and, as [ have under- 1'think he ot some incoln sald, st that the samo campaign cost Lin- Douglas did “reyise bis re- and carcfully oo at he came out of Usher, ** to Mr. Sew- “ Werg you {n favor of Mr, Lincolu’s nomion- * Yes, 8o was Caleb 8mith, my friend and AXWARD AND LINCOLN. “ Did Mr. Lincoln llko Sewlrd"pcrsonnlly af- * Yes, I think that Lincoin had & real fond- here was no whatever between thein. dncoln o every position or “ How did you et urflam{‘fizmt‘:‘ucmo:wfi': “ After Caleh Bmnlith, of Indlana, was made 8 Mr. ¥mith was nominated Liocoln promoted me at art of the Johnson. That Cablnct Thero hardl; in the seuso of form. Under Johnson net Councll, Nothing of that kind oceurred in paper he was writing on a Btate matter. In fact, cvery meumber of that Cabiuet ran his 1 don't sup- Prestdent.” ATANTON AND CIHANE. #What sort of o man was Btanton in his rela- tions to you and your assoclatesi” ‘* Well, Stanton always scemed to me to bo kind, He would come into the room and say: ‘Mr. President, have you -nlvllxln;: for mo to- ' css thero s , Mr, Prestdent, I will bid yaufiood morning, as 1 am very busy at my oftice.’ "I'hat often In;pcneul on Cablnet day.” + DM you ever see Mr. Lincoln out of temper “ [ think I have, Yes, I remembor one event, Lincoln had {ssued a procinwmation statinz that when one-tenth af the voters of a Cougreszionat ur & part of a Htale, resuined thelr po- sitlon {n the Unfon, and elected & member of Congress, they should be recoguized as much as the whole conatituency, Chase remarked, *In. 1 saw in & minuto what Chase wae "This question had arisen as to who were citizeus, and Mr, Hates, the Attoruey-fien- 8 to bo citizens. that negroes were Included in citizenship. As I from the Cabinct thut day Chaso *Mr. Usher, we 0 it that citizens, and not voters, ba named luthat proclamation.! 1turnedabout wheu wo had got to the Treasury, and walked back on the plank which stood at that time to the White House, and Itold Lincoln that Chass was very pertinacious about the word citizens fnstead of volers. *Yes,' sald Lincoln, ¢ Chase tuinks that the negrges, us citizens, will all vote to muke him President,’ " *'Was Lincoln of the oplnlon that CUASH HAD A PERSONAL AMDITION in that dircctiont™ “Yes It was almost transparent. The jnci- dent 1 was about to tell you was this. In one of the Presldent’s proclamations of emaucipa- tiou bie excepted Kentucky, s nsrt of Tennessee, two distrlcta of Virginia, and two of Loulslana frota the operation of the act on account of the Union forces holding them, to some extent, with the conscut of the peuple. Somebody -Eok'u up, I think {4 was Blalr, sod sald that bero might be sowme nxuuv&lcn taken to those cxempted districts. *Well,? suid Mr, Lincoln, ‘1 told Mr, Boulligny, the Unlon member of Cougress fram Loulsians, that 1 would have wenibers adultted from tbosa districts if £ could, That is,".sald Mr, Lincoln, *1 did not tell him 50 io terms, but T thivk that he wot that tmpression. While [ um not bound to have s thivge done, [ would rather that Boulligny shouldn't think he wua not fatrly dealt with, Huth Blair and Beward spoke up at once i1 favor of the President's position, Chase sald, * Congress bas not admifted thess members yet,! Mr. Liucoln was wulking up and down the roum, und ho turned suddonly aud looked over at Uhase uuil said: ¢ 1 am to bo threatencd with Conpress, amy [ Well, if I do 1')l be darn- ed!’ Chuso made no auswer, but o saw that Lincoln was inwandly exssperated. 3o bad the fdea that Mr. Chase wus workiug Congress aguinst certuln of bis ideas.”? [As to the above fucident I wish to say that 1 sm consclous of not haviug remcinbered it with prectston, However, 25 1 have relsted the al- falr, 18 is approximstively correct.—GaTa. | LINCOLY'S BAUNESS. ‘4 Mr. Usher, bud not Mr. Liucoln w certaln fxed mclancholy, with jadications; even, of {usaniey i *(), uu; be was not ingane, but lie was, fn his fixed quallty, & wen of swducss. It he were looking out of w wiudow when aloue and you huppened 1o be passing by wud caught his fice, you would geacrilly sed in it au expression of distress.” * How do you estimate him smong men of great positions ™ “‘Howas oveof the greslest men who over llved. It bas uow been wnany years sluce [ was i1 his Cubloet, and sume of thy things that bap- peued thero bave been forgotten, and the whols ol it is rather dresmy. But Llocolu's extruond- out Lincoln’s work, but he hadn't the skill. was 1o such a man, however, as Mr. Lincoln in breadth, wisdom, or wit. Johnron said to mo one day, *Don’t yon think I am carrying out Lincoin's intentionst” > best you can.' lerize. Johnson hated Tylcrism,”” Lincoln have reconstructed t some 1and ultimatel in your States, your friends politicaily, nnd your prosperity will not be embarrassed,’ Ouly Mr. Lincoln could bave carried out that platform. peramente,fimivence, and quality all adapted him for such & great part. Jolinson, on the contrary, was & man of violent mind, and en- tertained be hanged. He was pot at all adapicd for the work ol pacification and reconstruction.’* came to Its terminatlon, any change in Mr, Line coln’s pature of behavior—elther elation, or satlety, or despondencel " when it became cortaln that the Unfon arms were soon to triumph, Mr, Lincoln grew graver and his face longer. that o moro scrious work than war was to de- ing of embittered encintes.” feellng on the Southeru questfon! i Mr. Seward told me whils he was sufferiug that fellow Paine, that if be ‘had been out anit around, Me. Lincoln would not hiave gone to the theatre the nigh’ ha was murdered. ard, you will rememuer, bad experienced an ac- cldent, He was thrown from a carriage and badly hurt, At that thme Wanl Lamon, Mr, Linculu's Marshal and he also that gona to at home, sgalost the President's life. no suspicion of tho particular but Lomon sent wornld from thera was something impeuding, and Mr, 8 ard’s detectives knew that somothlog was brooding.” qu_galllon of hils danueri” f.“ out of his house at night and walk over to i celving dispatches, unattended, Prealdent replled thal body sround him, nolsel® THE CHICAGO nars personality ia atill one of tho most dlstinet things In my memory, nent, He had the gkill of the greateet states- man in the wurld, Evcrything ho handied came to rutceess. Nobod; ‘brought it to the same perfection.” 1o wasos wisoana took up his work and A UNFINIBRED PLAN. *Don’t you think that he would have falled It he had lived over into the time of reconstric- tion! Wonld not he have been a failure if he had rmled untit 18681 *No, eir. 1la wonld have been supporied by the people of tho country, howerer opposed by the politiciaps, and tha people wonld have adonted Lincoln's {dess on reconstructiom Ho fonght the politicians with such akill that he always had the people with him,'and swyouldn’t have Tost. them as Johnson did."? *“What do yon think of Johneon?"” ' "Well, Johnson sincerely undertook to urfiv o “ replicd, * Yeas 1 think yon are doing the He safd he pever wished to Ty- how wonld Mr, he South!" “Ho would have made,” eald Mr. Usher, ** aw, tell me, Mr. Ulnnt‘ powerful white Republican party in every Bouth- em State, have mado the Routhern people support him fn Pn:lm:nce to tho radical Northern polistciana, Ilehad that in him which would Lincoln would have said (n private to their lead- ers, ' You will have tostand in with ma and help me out: otherwise Humner aud_Btevens and those fellows witl beat us both.” have eald, * You o back home nnd start -some #chools youraclves for thenegroes, and ptit them on the route to citizenship. He would Let (L be your own Muaka some arrangements to glve them out of tie public domain 1n that way you will have them wark, His tem- tne notlon that somebody ought to 1118 BENSE OF DISTRUST. *Mr, Usher, did vou ever sec, s the War i*Yes, sir, Toward the close of the War, Ho seemed to apprebend volve upon him,—the pncitication and harmoniz- “May I ask, Mr. Usher, what Is your préesent ] don't think the Bouthern tates have behaved as thoy should have dons, They haye not been sincere, and they can never expect to be prosperous until thelr public conduct Is ctated by honesty and patriotism, ll;ll ln,:'mhcr into a Bolld Bouth won't help them,’ This band- OLIVER P. MORTON A very important man when you went fato Mr. Lincoln's Cabinet 1" *Not very. Morton was about ten vears my jun(lll)r. and L recolleet him distinctly at Indiag- npolls. san, and, thercfore, we Whigs did not look on bim with much favor. strong specimen of an Indiana boy. large of staturc and very perfect in his limbs, and my recollection of lim is princtpally as & gancer, the dances, and would get the servant-girls or snybody around the hotre into the room snd throw np his heels with them. He was particu- larly impudent and mature in his style.” Ho was a Democrat and o stout partl- He was a rough, e was At the hotel he used to figurc'in all *“Iiad * Mr. Lincoln any fancy for female so- clety?" **T think not. He was almost wholly porsessed with a sense of duty and responribilizy. ile was not shy in the company of ladles, but I don't think he thought anything sbout them nintil they came before him as guests or callers. Bome of the women gave him a great deal of trouble, Bome of his wife's people were Boutherncrs, and public attacks were made on them; as, for In- stance, it was sald that one of thom had gone through the lines with & paes from Mr. Lincoln, and taken a quantity of medicine, ete. member that an old partner in brought his wifoto Washiuzton,andthey wanted to sce Mr. Lincoln. awalting sround hls door, but the doarkeeper admitted us ot once, and Mr. Liucolu came for- ward with both hands extended snd shook the lady's hand, rather divining thut she was the wifc of iny partner, Ile told I re- Taw of mine ‘There was a great crowd a littlo aucodote or two, and said some quaint things; and when the lad W Wb" L don't think that he Is an ugly man at all.” He was almost a father to his wife. to ho possesacd of the notion that sho was: under his protection, and that he must look out for her Jike & willful ebild.” camo out sho #ald to me: He secined TIE ARSARSTNATION. » dreadful gash in_ bis jaw, inflicted by Mr, Bew- , was sbsent In Richmond, vald, when he returned, Lincoln should not huve the theatre i he had been ‘There were rumors of somo design Of course, wo bad ersou, Booth, tichmond that ow- Mr, ‘“Did you ever peak to Mr. Lincoln on the dld, Lincoln wus too careleas. He would o War Department, where Stanton wus ro- 1 sald Lo him: ‘Lincoln, you hiave no business to expose your- sclfin this way, It is known that you wo out at midnight and return here sometimes at 3 o'clock lu the mornivg from the War Depart- ment, It would be very easy to kill you.' The If ‘auybody desired to sssaseinate him he dfa not suppose suy smnount of care would savo him,” U8 KINDNESA 4 1\Was Mr, Lincolo's kindness of disposition a reality?” #Oh, yes. 1le bad moro paticuce than any- HSometimes, when wo were cousidering a thing of importance In the Cabl- act, his lititle sou would push open the door and come in with a drum and beat it up uad down the room, rlvlnf us all a certaln umount of mlsery. b . Lincoln, however, never ordercd the boy to ba taken out, but would ssy: *My son, dou't you think you can ke & 1fttle less That Thaddous was & stubborn little chup. We could not make up with him whea be got offended. Ilubert was as well-behaved o youug man as 1 bave ever seou, lle went to Hartford und graduated, and we entertaiuned high respect for him." “+Was Mr. Lincoln severe in hils judgment of peoplel Was bo luflexible, a8 1n cises of mlll- tary executions, etci” - LINCOLN OX ¥ITZ 0NN TOKTEN, 71 have beard him say that Fitz John Porter ought to be shot. If the court-martial bad so cundemned him, Lincoln would bave undoubt- 1dly had 1t entorced. Ho was a strong frlend of Jolin Pope, and that might bave tntlucnced him. Ile thought Popo was not bouestly supported In his campalgn.” - * What harassed Mr, Lincoln anore than sny other thing in the Presidency?™ 4+1 think Congrees bothered him as much as anything. You must remember, in justico to bath parties, that 1o thls Governmeut ot the people every member of Cougress thinks bo ouzht to know the why and wherclore of every movement. They were constantly rialug up in Congreds and luvestiguting this or that problem trom the best of motlyes, but often to the serl- ous detriment of tha Exccutive purpose and desigu, You will remember that they bad a Committes vn the Conduct of the War which sumwmooed all the Geoceraly runsacked the mulitary movements, Henry Winter Davis, Thaddeus Btevens, aod Ben Wade were quite notable o this jealousy of the Exceutive Department, Even as just and stroug & man as Gew Bebienck sad, when Mr “Lincoln aug Mr, Seward went to Hampton Roads to mcet Campbell, Btephens, and Hunter, that be boped the Kebels would takes Beward and put bLioy fu Libby Pris- on. After thdy ot safcly honie we sduwoulshed Hchendk on this subject, aud ho repeated thet Beward had no busluess to be conferring with Rebets, and |t would hava served bhw right to go to Libby. It is my recollection thut when Cou- Kress passed the bl creating the office of (en- eral they origiually put the vame of Gen. Grunt o the bill 50 as to ¢t the appofuting vower out of Mr. Lincoln’s bsnds. 1le was 100 wise not to observe that, and members of Cun- @reas saw that they were usurpio: the uppalut- ing power aud took the nawe out of tha WIL™ MIts. PHEMONT, *“Doyou recall any particular lostanco of Mr. Liocoln's flucsset" “Well, there was thae casc of John C, Fro- mout. Ile had mude up bis wiud to run a little euterpriso ot bis own. When he got {uto Mussouri e soon quarrcled with Frauk Blalr, aud Montgowery Klalr started on to St. Louis. Meantimes 3lrs. Fremout came East, pusstug Blair ou tho road, aud the suwe plght she ar- rived went up to the President, to know what Mootzowery Blalr bad gune to Missourt for. Mr. Liveolu'sald be dida’t kouw, TRIBUNE: belfors them snd* FRIDAY, JANUARY. ! fTnr hs gone out fo remove my husbandi® said Mra. Fremont. * You csnuot remoye Uen, Fre- mont. He would not ba removed.’ Mr. Lin- coln Instantly began to talk shout the diffieul- ties of making a Journey from #t. Louts City to Whashington slone, Three or four times during that conversation she repeated, ‘ Gon. Fremont cannot be removed.’ Lincoln evaided that part ot tr'l’u talk cvery timc, and she Jeft unsatls- e ‘T called Mr. Usher's attenttontos chm-&u of the late Benjamin 0. Tasloc, in & book his widow published, that Francis P, Blalr, Sen., had discovercd and ereated Abrabam Lincoln. **‘There is nathing in that," said Mr. Usher. *! Blair was in favor of Edward Bates for Presi- dent, and when Bates was dropped, It hecame & question fn_his mind whether to go for Lincoln or Beward, aud he was for Lincoln. Lincoln was not an accldent,” How much was Mr. Linceln's income before he reached the Presldency 7' * I don’c think It was ever over $3,000 a year, unless soma one exceptional law case might hdve come fn." QAT SHERMAN THE SILEN 1M1s Seheme to Hecome the Next Presldant. Washington Correspondence Phtladelphia Record I3 ‘The Sccretary of tho Tfeasury Is & very deep man, and as wily s politiclan as thero ia {a the land to-day. He fs one of the dangerous men of the country, and for the next twelve months, at least, promises to be thg central figure in Amcrican polities, ot alone because of his prominence in the attempt to bring the country back to a specle basls, but also becauss of his amblitions and his ability to bring them to a suc- ceasful fsaue. John Sherman has been one of ihe most successful men In politics, If Lo has failed thus far to attaln any particular object of his heart's desire, the ontside world does not know it. Hels not aman of bruto force and fmperturbability, ssGrantis. Heis nota wlittering fcicls like Conkliog, Nor is he & brilliant actor Itke Blaine. But ho is u deeper vlotter than sy of them, as smblitious as any, nnd more aclfish than all the rest tozetner. e istho great Josuit of the Republican partv. Talk of Grant as the '* great silent man."” Why, he is a talking poll-parrot compared with Sher- man; for Grant, while sllent to the great ont~ side world, could talk freely enough with his vomrades, and bad a most remarkable facnlty of choosing bad confdaats. But Bher: laa closed book to hia own brother, the litical schernes which he has hatched, no maa a8 shared his confidence [n one of them, Itis the striking characteristic of the man that he trusts no one. But I set out to gossip about a few facts and E‘mluhlmlo- anent tho rumor that Sherman will ¢ the next Republican candldate for Guvernor of Olifo, The rumor is not such & raorback as it scems. Sherman certalnly desires it, and his Iriends are certaloly working for it. Why! For the best reason in the world to John Shierman, In that way lics tha road to his political future, More than a year ago I took occasion to say that John Bherman ospired to the Presidency, and would ba a leading edndidato lor the Republican nowmination In 1850, Now I say that he la nearer attalning that desiroof his heart than s citner Blaine or Conkilng, and thfough as Lo has piacned thom, Grant bimaelt will have to play second fiddla to Sherman in the next Republican Convention. Secretary Sherman desires to be the next Re- publican candidate for the Governorship of Ohlo, because he has cverythiniz to win sna vothing to losy by ft. 1f”horemaine Inthe Cablnct, what political futureis there for him at the closs of tho present Admibistration? Nothing. e will simply bold au office for two yeara wore, ont of which ke will have extracted all tho honor by tho 114 of noxt JuI{. and then be will be shelved, Lut if hecartles Ohloin the fall, the prestige of that victory, added to tue prestige which the accomplishment of re- sumption will give him, will put him far for- ward io the raco for the national namination, and his resignation of the Treasury portfolio will, beside, tend to sllonce the fongues of those who are u)-lng that ho is runniug the Department for I8 ersonal emolu- mont. It Bherman can gel Thurman pitted agalust him in the Ohlo Gubernatorial race, and can then carry tho Btate, who may dispute hisclaim tothe Republican unominationt Aud even if he loses the Presf- dential nomination, he will ba_better off than to remain whera ho fs, for, §f hs con carry the Btate, he can also sccuro a Legialaturs which will return it to Lhe Senata Iu 1881, 1t he fails of thy greater prize, uad so be will remain in public l{fo aud be In position four years hence to Lry akuto. ., Bat 8herman bas no ldea of fallog. He de- #ires to run, nnd to run agafuse Thurman, be- cause he knows that he can carry Oblo agalnat Thurmay, and Thurman knows it also, and thereinis tho whole secret of Sherman's anxiety mgcr. the nomination of the Ohlo Republicans, and Thurman’s positive refusal ta nllow the uso of his name by the Ohlo Democrate. It I not that Thurman fears Sticrman in o fair fight fn Ohlo, but this would not be a falr fight. T'wice and thrice has Ohlo been carried by the Repub- licans on a hard-money tasue; and once againat that popular idol of thoe Ohio Democracy, “ Ol Bl Allen,” ~ Sherman knows this, and Thurman kuows I¢, Nezt fall 8hcrman will Do mded py the pres! which succesaful re- sumption will givo him, and the hard-moncy party in Ohio will not he u{ the weaker because resumption s sccomplished, Tnurman, on the other hand, will ba bandicapped by the soft- wmoney doetrines of tbe Ohlo Democracy, But more than this, the old Senator, whose head Is of the longest, knows that in such a campalgn Bherman would have the absolute control of 1olltions of money, when ho could only have a voles in the disbursement of bundreds. ‘Thur- man has declared himuelf the avowed enemy of the Nutlonal banks. Bherman is the ellent partaer of all the bauks and the fricud of Wall street. 1n a fight between the two, when a pa- tional nomination for cither Mmied on victory, ‘Wall strcet and the banks would furnish any mmonnt of money veeded to slaughbier Thure sioco hls defeat, in such s sight, be the end of him politically, intimates Thurmsn bhas statcd bluntly this, which’' he may unot admit publicly, that be cannot carry Oblo against tho monoy of Wall street and the banks and ugalnat tne nrestize of veaumption. 1le knows his Stato better than suy jnan in it, and he knuws tull well that the Republicans will carry Ohto next fall, whoever the Democrats may nominate, and that victory carries with it his Rcostorial seat. Whether ho runs thea or whether he docs not Ia st} tho same so far ag the Henatorship s concerned. It he ruus, his per- sunai defeat 1gses him all liops of & Presiduntial nomination. If he refuses to run, ths mone; q"‘xenhm may be out of the canvasa in 1820, ani thea bls chative for nomination would pa sowe- tbivg; or resumption may fatl, and then his auce would be next to certalnty, It may be set down fact, therefore, and” now I speak of kuowledee, 1bat Thurman means what he says, and will uot bea randidate iz the Ohlo Uubernatorlal race next fall =3 if his schemes go KANE COUNTY POULTRY-SHOW, Buacial Correspondenca of Tha Tridure.» AUROEA, 1, Jan. 1.~The Kave County Poultry Assoclation began its second snnual ex- hibition fn loyt's Hall, in this city, to-day, with entries of 500 binls. The cutries fruin abroad werc na follows; J. W. Butterfleld, La Clatre, elght entries. John B. Plsto, Genevs, two entrics, Jobu IS, Fool, Norwood Park, six entri Haulioy & Sto Stowand, four entr Samuel Platt, G 4. twoniy-one el ¥. M, Munger, \Vénncl. cluvan enttles, James K. White. £uglewood, four entries. U, Nowton, Batuvis, twelvd entries, * M. Kish, Bandwich, sevon entries, Ledoyt, Bandwich, (wo entries A. E, Major, Eureks, twoeatries. K¥ddwe J. Laird, Napervills, threc entries. J. W. Taylor, Chicayo, two eniries. B. N. llerce, of Corutug, 1., who has an ex- tended reputation as su engraver of birds and as & puultry-fancier, Is sole fudgo in all classes. ‘Ko abow will cluae ou the Bd tuat, The Way to Flod Emplopment, ushingtan (1), £.) Republicun, A co-operative assoclation of workiug people, at Guuston, Va., furnishes all ita members with couatant ewployment, at falr wufi\ aud boards thew all tu one large family or lomwe, and thus reduces the cost of living about This cualiles ench member to save a conslderable share of their wages, which they are required to do, None of their number bave been l’fih nday durfog tho past mive mionthe, unless from cholee, They lave s large farn and garden, aud are emploved ralsluz food, wakiogclotbiuge, erectiog buildings, wakipg ruads sod fences, cutting ducl, sod I housekceplng for thew- sclyes,—producing with thefr own labor nearly all that {s requtred to supply ihelr wants und make them cowfortable, with a considerable surolus, which they sell. Thoy are dewonstratiog o s proctical way that all workiug peovle have to do to find em- ployment s to organize and ¥o 10 work, ralsing thelr own food, waking their clothing, aud such other articles us they need to wuke themsclves comfortably wad bappy, If they staud idle, they wust suller waut; while if they are buev, producinz what they need, ull their” wants will bu supplivd. ‘This sssociation fs stasll yet, but fs growing rapldly, and promiacs 1o sbaorb all Lhe wore tu- tellizeut workiug people Ia the country withius linfted time. expeosive feasts, About fort companics have po halls, an tandiog, dom of the company., privilego of pressnting, not of selliug, their frecdom to thosa who thelr auclent trade chasracter more thuu boll a dozon of thein have any traco of this character lit, aud these oply degree, Among these lust ara the Fishmongers, who have the puwer of orderiog the destruction ofull bad (isb coming {nto London, and they con- I879—TWELYl PAGES. Curious Relics of Early English Times===Their History. How Trade Bocletics Have Grown into Great Monopolies. Revenues to the Amount of $2,500,000 a Year—How the Vast In- come Is Bpent. Loxnoy, Dec,A7.~Among the curfouc relics of early Fnglish times are the City Guilds, or Livery Companics, of London. The * City of London ** comprlsea but & small fraction of the c‘arrunn?mn Cincinnall Gazelte, entire arca and population of the metropolis,— the former having an area of about 700 acres and less than 75,000 people, while the jatter has an area of somo 80,000 acres, and nearly, or per- haps quite, 4,000,000 people. The term *“ciiy" spplies only to this amall tract of 700 acres at the very heart of the metropolis, whers tho heaviest part of the businces fs centered. Tha hails of the Livery Companies ars all within the limits of the city, and these organizations are so closcly connecled with the government and business of this part of London that they may truly be callad the vital R‘" of the corpo- rnx:‘n: ffself. They own the ground upun ‘Whicl ABOUT ONE-IALY TIE ENTIRE CITY 1a bullt, from which they draw ground rent, and in a very large number of Inatancen they also own the buildlugs upon {t. though this is by no means aiways tho case. 1t {8 very usual in'En- glaud to build upon leased ground, and the landlord then has 1o property in the bulldings; but upon the oxpiration of the leass the bulld- fugs become absolutely his withont any pay- ment whatever, Ninety-nine years is a ver usual length of ground leases. The City uulld{ are constantly growing In wealth by the lapse ol _such leases, These guilis are about eighty in number. A Iarge number of them took thoir risc In the times of the Plantagenet Kings, and some of them even back to Norman times. Tho charters of the older ones wore mostly granted by Ed- ward 1L, and Richard 1L, In tho fourteenth century. Many of them, however, had been ln existence from 100 to 200 years previous to that time, but were then tmostly without charters, end hod nono of the rights of corporato socie- tics. The gulld of tho Goldsmiths can be cer- tainly traced back as far as 1180, and the Mer- cers back to 1172, Probably hoth camo into ex- istence considerably beforo those known dates. ‘The Fishmongers are atill older, and wore char- tered by Edward L., in the Jatter part of the thirtecntn century. TUE TWELVE GREAT COMPANINR are the Mercers, Grocers, Drapers, Fishmoogers, Goldsmiths, Bkinnuu, Merchant Taylors (sic), Haberdashers, Salters, Ironmoungers, Viotners, and Clothesworkers. Many of them have great wealth, aud all the promivent ones have maguificent halls, where they occasfonally give of the minor some of.these bave so diminished in numbers as scarcely to be able to keep up thelr organization, ' As their names imply, they wers all origi- nally trade assoclations. London has slways been pre-eminently s trading place, and In Norman and Plantagenet times, when the city contained pearly tho whole population of the metropolls, the cltizens were almost wholly tradesmen. At first the term guild scems to Lave meant moch the same thing as ward; at ahl events, the members of tho diffcrant trades bad gonerally mppropristed distinct parts of Loudon to themselves, 1t was not long, how- ever, until this colony arrancement fell Into dis- use. Alter theas bodies became ocorporated they had the absoluto monopoly and control of their own trades. No one could follow tho Lusiness of a draper withont the consent of the gulld of Drapers, and presently it was necessary that sll who practiced that trade should be members ot the guild, By and by the differsnt trades began to adopt & dress pécutlar to them- sclves, and this gave them thelr name of LIVERY COMPANIBS, At flrat ali members must bo actually engaged in the pecullar trade of thelr scvers) gullas. As the guilds grew in wealth sod power, this rulo was 4o far relaxea s to allow the adr mission of who did not practice the momber, was In full When he. was sald to bLava the free- They alwoys bheld the dld not pructice tneir trade. Fioally, their Influsnco became so grent, and thelr supoort so {mportaut, that Kings wero willing to become members. Queen Ellzabeth was frea of the Mereors' Company,—that Is, a member, and James 1. was & Cloth Worker, Charles 11, and Willlam IIL. were Grocers, and Ileury VIL was a Me sut Talor, In ‘the sixtcenth aud seventeenth centuries these wealthy zullds were often comoclled to furnish the soverelgns monoy for carryin, forelgn wars, aud fur otuer purposes. mouey waa not generall; V111 camo upon them of money, In 1545 they paid him more thau $100,000 "toward the Beotch value of that mun fu our present currency, the amount must ba multiplied b five nt least. Q BI25,000 toward Ellzubeth is aald to have taken $700,000 from them, Charles 'L also took large sums, over 8500,000 bejug banded over at one time, They suffered in the saine way duriog the Common- wealth, hut rccovered 0 for that when Charles 11. came to the throne they.weee able to wel- come him with niost expensive prescuts snd processiona. tury, uionarchs found other mcans of raising money, and the guilds were left free to grow {n wealth anil ‘monopolous power as fast as anav[ could, aod their trade chardcter then beran he Henry or many large sunis returned. war. To get the four or ucen Mary took frow themn the Fi ‘rench war, and Quecen In the latter part of the last cen- sappeir. At present tho Livery Compaules have ALMOST WHOLLY 10T Indeed, wot in limited tinue touxercise that supervision, though notone of the Compuny is really counected with tha Osh trade. thesd bodles hava nothing to do withs tho trades thoy aro supposed to practice, sod only two or 1In nearly ull cuses tho mewbers of threo of them—e. g., tho Apothecuries and lsxll:uoners—lnuks thls a condition of member- ship. Bome of the wore powerful companies have each several hundred imembers, and tho tle that bindathem together 1a the social distinction, Influcnee, dinners, etc., that go with member- ship, Should busiuess tnisfortuue overtake therm, they stand a chance of a guod fat sine- cure, an ofliee witbuut dutics, or of 3 ood pen~ slon ot $500 to $1,500 & year, Memberzhio was formarly obtalned mos y by servitude; that is, by :uuu;\ through an spprenticeship of seven ears. Now, it s always by payment of 8 fee, n somg of {ho minor” eullds,n feo of a few gulneas will admit to full membership, but In all tho wealthier onies, the freedom of the com- pany capoot, in any case, be had for less than $500, and, iu many cases, {t costa fully §1,000. Over 160 members of the present Ilouse of LUomnions are free of lh«'fll‘lmllcll{ compaules, In inost of these cases the freedom In preseuted, for thoy arc wise coough to koow that they cannot have too many friends fu Parllament. These city guilds are among the MOST OBJECTIONABLE MONOPOLIES a civflized country ever tolerated. In addition to thele property io the nuf. they owu vast rmpuru inother parts of London and many arge tracts of Iand clsewhers fu the Kingdom. ‘Ihey have very larze vstates lu Irelaud. Thcre are évon numcrous church livings {u the gift of some of thew. ‘There 1s no meuns of ascertain ing the exact lnrel(nu revouucs of these cu pavles, but enouuh i3 known to ssy with cor- talnty that the yearly reveuucs of all from rea) property s not "below $2,500,000; some venture to put the amount a8s high as €5,000,000 8 year, A commlssion wos sopoluted 1o IX7 by Parllament to in- vestigate tho affalrs Of the guilds, The commissfon ot well snubbed on nwi{ every band, and that Is ocarly all they aid get. few Uid give some wxcount of thelr *jncome and expenditures, but must of them refused to tell suytbing whatever, The Drupers condescended to inforin the Commlssioners that their yearly revenue was §130,000; that they spent $25,000 8 year ou dinuers snd entertainments, $20,000 on salaries, and $25,000 more o usions and gra- tuities. ‘The rest went towa: arious cbarita- able purposes. Thero is pot ono real draper in the company, and yet the membership 18 very lurge. 1M ulieir iucome was $120,000 {n 1837, it may safely ba put at twice that amuount now, {or the uroperty {8 mainlyin the metropolis, au values bave more than doubled siuce 1537, Bumg of the wealth of tbese companles bas been loft to them without conditioy, but the greater purt s in trust, aud intended, clther whotly or {n part, o go to stated charitable or educativaal objects. ~ Unfortunately, the be- quests do vot generally dircet that the catire fiflx‘e‘ofll of auch bequests shall gu to the speci- cd objects, but name, instead, tixed amounts to be paid to this or that object, or to several objects, Iu an enorwous vumber of cases prop- erty 8o left has increased so greatly that tha letter of the bequests may be satlsficd, 8nd yet uine-teutbs of tug procecds remwain uuspent, Here comes o & Jarge unuppropristed balavee, ~ LONDON GUILDS. | and it ug m\II‘V tarns out to ho & nisappropriated balance, for {t URUALLY GORS IN TEASTING, ‘Varlous writers have tried to £500,000 a year, TAC it scems to me, declde that, where abaut the full income of a property at th Ject ceeds shonld always, be so spent, In Robert Donkyn, & merchant tallor, left to I“? nanmo property fn the guild of welv alsoshirt to be worth two shillings each, Twelve poirsof shoes were aleo to be given at ‘Twelve poor women wers simi- impos- albig to literally fulfill such s bequest, but a Rgood jurist wonld deflne It to mcan this: that an sgual number of poor men and women wero to recefvs a full sujt of coarso clothing each per year, and he would direct that the number of Peonlo should bo so fncressed a8 tu consume the ‘[be Merchaat Toflors did not decide thus, They magnanimously doubled the amount directed to be paid out, and turned the 12d the pair. larly provided@for. It would bu entire revenue. balancs Into their own fund, and so continued to do untfl quite recently. oroperty Is fully 100 timpes what it was in 1370, To another company $100,000 was left *to maks themsalves comtortable.”” [n 1483 the Grocers bought a plece of land for about 8160. It was 'fi‘;ll)‘l within the present century for over £100,- In another respect, the vaat revenues of these bodles 1 ARE MISAPPOPRIATED. Many beqnesta were left for the purpose of give or members Ilundreds of these pensions ing pensions to old, Intirin, and of thoso trades. ars regulatly pald, but they do not go to actual grocers, drapers, and fishmongers. They erally 2o to persons who have lived jolly, eas) lives, and if they have come to poverty of all t 1a more likely to have been througl specalation o the 8tock Exchange than by failure in any real trade. Tne muney was to go fo tradésmen In tho actual sensc, and there ia éxactly where it don’t goatall. seema to be followed. ‘Tho mass of the membership of these gnilds are just as much in ignorance of the real in- come and oum{ of thelr companies s tho out- side public. The managiog boardsare not often changed, and they alone know angthing about it. They pay about this to the rest of the livery- ment “Tdke the goods the gods have provided for you, namely: The dinncrs, sinccures, dlstri- butlons of money, ete, and don’t be curious about_ the warking of tho machinery,” 'If ths money of these wealthy corporations was well spont, no onc would_ scriously object to their exlstence, even though the reason of thelr belng has long since passed away; but thia they aro not dotng. Tho greater part of it is wrongly spent. altogether. The Goldsmiths are sald to spend $150,000 a year on entertaluments and dinners alone, VOORHEES REFORMFD. It Ts Claimed that e Wil ‘Do Nothing Contrary to the Wishes nf Mard-Money Men, Dispatek to Cincinnall Gazelte, IsDIANATOLIS, Dec, 31.—The News thls even- ug clalms to have information '*from those who are lo u position to know," that all the Demo- cratic members of the Legislature, except two or three, have signified thelr willingness to sup- port Voorhecs, if nominated in caucus. *Thls chaoge,” ssys.the Aews, “has been brought about by assurauces given the bard-money members that Voorhcea was at heart In favor of their views, aud that he would not introduce aoy bill or make any move to re- neal the Kesumption act; and, furthier, that, if avard or any other bonl-moncy D should be nominated for Yresident by the Democratic party on o hard-money platform, that he, Voorhecs, would give him his cordial nummr‘, as he did Tilden, under similar circum- stances, at the last clection. In & word, that he will go with his party wherever it may lead, and he should not ho condcmuned for: the soft- mnnn{ and groenback specches made by him be- fore the lata election, which were only intended 1o catch votes fot his party, This arrangzement accounts for the fact that” Voornees did not in. troduce at tho preacnt session & bill to repeal the Resumntion act as the public generally, and especially the soft-money men, expected ho would do. Tho Jatter are just beeinning to reallzo that they mre sold. Mr. Buchanan and is wing aro espocially indignant at the betrayal, and are now opeuly aalnat Voorhers; and the’ Seutinel, secing how things are drifting, opens war upon Unchanan, ono of the recognized Icad-: ers of the Natlonal unrty,™ ‘This may bs taken with & graln of allowance, although as matters arc shaping it looks very nuuch as If Democrats and Natlonals cannut co- alesco, The former will flud, however, that without the atd of a few Natlonals they may have troublo to elect a United States Senator. In tho House, they number fiity-one, and in the the Schats tweyty-four, giving'a ainglo bolter power to defeat the cnucus sclection. b Na™ tionals aro very confldent of ‘clecting one of their own vumber, with Republicau ald, pro- vided every man clected as a Nutlonal will bang tatho party. ** Aye! the the rub1” ————— THE RED RIVER VALLEY. Ta the Editor of The Tribune, Variey City, Barnea Co., Dak., Dee, 28.—In the letter from *Our Northern Empire? inyour {ssue of Dec, 21, your correspoundent, in his leap from the Red to the James River, Ignores 8 por- tlon of country equal to auy on thallne of the Northiern Pacitic Railrozd; and a brief outline of which may intercat your readers. As arcaldent of the section spoken of, allaw mo to: supply the missfng Mok, The Red River Valloy h‘lupvued to be tlxlrty' milea wide, lying on rither side of the river; yet where it bogina snd where it ends no man can "tell. Tha high, fertila tablo-land sinks down to | that but for the edge of the river so uall; the barometer oue would not now ho was deacend| and the change In the character of even moro gradual, **Red River 'y ** {s but a kind of popularname for & yast territory of which the lauds_lying along the river form but a small part. For example, tho Dalrymplo and Grandin farms, lying twenty-one ailica from the Red River, oro said to be (i the bLeart of the valley. 1u comparing the soll around Fargo, which Is at tho crossing of the river by thy Northern Paciflc Ratlroad, with tho soll’of the prairie west, it Is touud that while the too soll at the former polnt is & heayy muck, subsolled by a btue vlay, tha top soll'of the pralric, equally as desy, 88 dark, saudy loam with 2 subsoll of r:l ow clay, capable of pood wheat crops in tsclf, frow tiftevn to twenty feet in dopth. Under this clay, sepsrated by s stratum of rayel, {8 the blua clay of the Red River bottom. Tha prairie soll Is practivally inexhaustible, and for wheat raising 1s superior to any fand of which the top soll is muck. The summers aro short aud tho prairie soll {s the swarmer, while the yellow clay retalns enough moliture to nature crups even in timo of drought. During the past summer for nine weeks while the fimln was growing not s drop of raln fell In arnes County; yet thecrops did not suffer, ‘The first crop of wheat taken from the lands thronghout the county has averaged 25 bushels to tue acre, whie upon laua longer under cultivation the ?vl!hl has beeu ong-third more. The Red Iliver, the castern boundary of Cass County, Is about 000 [eet above the aea levet, whlle st Valle) cu[v. on the Sheyenne, fifty-sevén suiles westy the clevation ia but 1,100 fcel, 'tho climate Is the sama throughout Northern Dakott. 'he summers are very waria, while the wioters are ot about the sawme averuge temperaturc s ju Now Euglaod and Wiscousin, with this differenco: that, owing to the dryness and rarity of the alr in Dakot,.ons sutlers hardly mora with the cold Iu the latter place with the mereury wt 20 deg, below zero thau in elther of tho former places when zero Is reached. ‘The watar fo the wells of the river- bottom throughout Eastern Dakats i bad, owlog to its lmprezoation with segetable sub- stances; yet the rivers aro pure, aud the best of waler upon the prairics cau be bad by lnuflluz tho gravel streak between the yellow and blus clay at an aversge.depth of twenty feet, Neither rafiroad nor Government lands can be bad dlrectly trom tho Uoverument or the rall- road in Cass County excent at the extrcme Hmits of the county. Iu Buroes County uctual scttierscan obtain Unlted States lund from tho Governwuent within from two to five riles fromn the truck,—each citizen beini ennbled to secure 210 acres by actual settlemaent without expense, save the Laud-OtHes fecs,—cighty scres.us w howestead and 10 acres under the Thuver- Culture act. ‘Yo obtalu rallroad lands directly from tho Nortbern Pacliic Cumpanpio Baroes Couutr 13 s necessary tu go back Hlisen or \wenty tufles where the lands are yet vacaut mad van be pur- chased for from $4 to $5 per~acre fo the bonds of the Company, taken at par, As these bomls are worth but 23 ceuts on’ the dollar, the caah price of tbe lauds are fa the vicinity of $1.50 per acre. Becond-hand ruilresd lands neasrer the truck sod stations can be bad for from $2.50 to $10 per acre, on time, The swaller giaing, such as wheat, oats, ang barley, cay be ralsed 1u abundsncy ou any of thiesd lauds, whilo potatoes and vegetabies geu- erally yield as well s in any part of tue United States. Coru 1s yat a thing to bo tested, though 1u the Bhoyeoue bottom It Lus been ‘experi- mentad upon with good euccess, Market for the pruductivos uf theso 18 tuaud by way of the figure out the amount of his misaporoprinted rbalance, and the agaregate smonnt s usually put at over A falr-minded pergon would, ¢ time of making » uest was directed Lo be pald to a certain ob- the intcntion must be that the whola {go it Blshopsgate. poor men wero cach year to recelve 8 zown of Welsh fricze at 16d the ynrd, and The value of that gen- Yet theletter of ihe law emocrat, Northoern Pacific Rallroad to Duluth, thenco by water to Buflalo, mvln; the country a great ad- yantage oyer other States lying as fav wo ‘The cost of wheat transportation to Duluth from Fareo Is 15 cents per bushel ; from tho 8heyenue at Valley City it 16 18 cents per bushel. g Frepenick I Apaxs, VICTORIA’S ENEMIES, Another Tandtle Makes Mysterions Menaced C-IP"'I“. Attnekn or Threats Agalnst the unen. : ZLawdon Standard, Dec. 13, An cxtraordinary case was yestérday heard at Bow strect, before 8ir James Ingbam. A man named Edward Byrne Madden,azed fi,described on the charge-shect as an interpreter, was %rought up in cuatody for having written to Mr. Cross and to Mr. Adolphus Liddell, the Per~ manent SBecretary for the Home Ofice, several letters threatening her Majosty’s life. The firat witness cnlled was Mr. Maran, the 8nperentend- ent of the Regiatry at the Home Office. Mr. Maran produced two letters, which he proved had been reccived at the Home Oflice, and which wera addressed to Mr. Cross, One of these remarkablo communications bore date of the 20th of May last, and the other of the 10th inst. With them was a third, bearing the data of last Monday, a day earlier than the secona letter to Mr. dnm, and addressed to Mr, Lid- dell. The recelpt_of tha letters havinz been vroved, Inapector Butcher gave evidence to the effcet that he had taken them to the prisoncr’s resfdenca and shown them to him, and that the prisoner himself, inatead of denying any knowl- edge of them, had at ance admitted that he had written and sent them, further addiog that he had commenced writing a fourth letter to ILord Lyons, but had not yet concluded it. Tha let- ters in question were handed up to Bir James Ingham, but were not rend. Thoy were written in French, snd before the: entered ou tho depositions they must betranslated into En- lish, and the translation ftsell must be formai- }; attested by the interpreter who makes it, or this purpose tho case stands at present adjourned, and although, no doubt, the publiv will be curious to Kpow what was tho exact purport of these menacing missives, there 1s - certainly no occasion for serious apprehiension, It 1s not suggested that the prisoner belongs to the International, nor fs hen Communist, or o very recently-escaped lunatic, or a dramatist whose transiation from the Fronch haa becn con~ demned by the Lord Cbamberlain’a representa- tive, or even o disappointed candidate for n Baronetcy. Iicisa man considerably advanced in life, who, being out of his senses, and baying, ns he no doubt belleves, some cinim elther against the Queen In Yfil’lm‘l or tho country, has thonght it not to write to her Majesty herself, or oven to onc of the immediato attendants wp- on her person, but, withi all due regard to for- mality and precedent, to one of her Sccrotaries of Btate, iutimatiog thot unless his elatu i fin- mediately taken {nto conslderstlon bo should do something very desperate. \What the some- thing fs we may, perhaps, koow when the letters are read. The present Is the aixth time that her Maj- esty’s life bas been citbor attemnted, or, ot agy rate, threatencd. On the 10th of Juue, 13{0, & talt-witted lad, named Oxford, fired twice at the Queen, ns ‘she was driving with Prince Al- bert up Constitution i1ill. Ho was tried at the 01d Batley, before Lord Denman, Baron Ander- son, and Mr, Justico Paticson, snd the jury found that the pistols had been discharged, that there was no proof that thay had been loaded with ball, and" that Oxford himself was insane. Tha unfortunate lad was detained for some tiine as aluuatic, and it waa understood at the tine that, in the ppinlon of competent medieal men, he was never likely to recover. In 1843 John Francls fired at her Majesty, and some tlve weoks after a man named Bean presonted a pls- tol at her, Eight years later a crack-bralned fel~ low of tho name of TYate, formerly s Licutenant in the Tenih Hussars, lay in walt for the Qucen aa sho waa driving out of the residenco of the Dulie of Cambridge, in_Plecadilly, and aimed a violent blow at her wish hia walking-atick, crushiog her bonnet over ber toreliead, e was tried at the Old Battey befors Mr. Baron Alderron, and the plea of insanity, which was, of course, set up in his Lebalf, was nceatived by the fnrs. Soan after tho M:?nhul of Oxford o special act of Parliament had byen passed. lxmvldlnz AIIODE other things, inat any one gullty of an it upan the Queesishall be llable to transporta- tion, or to imprisonment, with or without hard | Iabor, together with thice whippings, either publie or private, the amount and character of Whicls is Jeft to tho vourt to- determine, Pate, although the jury declined to find him insane, was yot heyond alt questlon so far Irresponsible for Liis own condnet that Mr. Boron Alderson omitted the whipping, snd tho senteoce of transportation'whi*hiwas formolly passed wos shortly after commtited, For two-and-twenty years _after Pate's insonn uct of violence, her Majesty woa allowed to rest in peace, Inthe February of 187, however, n fifth fooll oaod wicked attempt was made to frichten A Iad, ealled O'Connor, grand-nephew of Feargus 0'Connor, a silly shup-bay, who had turned iz head with reading stupfd romnnces, presented & plstol ot her Mujesty as she was about to nl?l{lll from her enrvlae at Buckingham Palace, Put upon his trial at the Old Balley, he perstut- ed In pleading Fullty‘ and was very properly sentenced by Mr. Baron Cleasby 1o a year’s hard labor and twenty strokea with a bireh rod, Such {s the history of the most noteworthy attempts which have been made, not_to arsassinate, but to frighten the Queen. In nll it Is gore than doubtful whether any scrious Intentlon esleted, Pate and O’Connor, aithough not judicially founil {nsane, were yet, boyond ali queation, sis far lunatic as to justify their detention. Ox- ford was admittedly out of his snlud, oud such slight Interoat ns stiil attaches tn tho records of hin trial. centres in the quustion whether the two pistols which he discharged were sctunily loaded with ball, or whetber, liko the silly toy of the boy O’Connor, they wereno bet ter that empty popguns, The present charge s one ovey loss worthy of merious conalderation than those which it follows, Insteadl of firing u [stol, whether londed with ball o1 not, at the ueen, or presenting & platol at ber, or even Rolng 1o far as to it hier with & stick, the man .\Ind&un. who Is old enough to know better, ls ed, In 80 far as toe facts of tho cuse hoye beeu at present mada public, with writing to the flome-Oflice to threaten that It i his juteu- tion to take his sovercipn's lifo nunless sowe- thing or auother which ho wants done fs done forthwith. Unless the facts are tnore lm-:l- made public, and weknow precisely what Mad- den's complaint 18, aud what ara the desperate proceedings which he bas declaed it to be bis resolution to take, wo arc unable, of course, to finally prouounce judgment on the case, f- | stitutional? haliucination, if we may o terin 1t, isslmoat as common ns theological mania it- sclf. Oxford on the one land, und Jobanoa Bouthcote on the other, are familiar tygos to all those who have any practical acquaiutance with Junacy and Juunaticasylums, — \ AMERICAN DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION, ‘The fourteenth annual Coovention of the American Dairymen’s Assoclation will be held a). T, Dulrymart, Datry," ‘Thursday, Jan. 14,15 aud 16, at 11 8. 10, Pa« NPml. @, 0. Caldwell, Carell Univeraity, Itbaca, Prof, L. B, Amolfll Tocheater, N. Y.~*Cnecse sieins for the Dairy. The llon. Marrle Lewls, Prankfort, N, Y.— ‘rof, W. K. nby, Tthaca, N, Y, —** Prin ylll of Faeding. ork (ot Francla K. inglehardi, Byracuse, N, ¥.— * 8al CthUlnlnl.“ Hlustrated wish maps. L. Wight, Whitestown, N. ¥.—**Mare Prol, *¢ Parm-Bulldings." pers will be read by the following-named gea +=4'New ‘Thoughts on Lld Topicsa—Fer- and Checse-Making," J bitestown, N. V.—*'Huols W. L. lutherfs **8hart-llorns for the Datry. J. M, Pelers, New City,—*+ Commarcial . in the Animal Kcononmiyand as s Fer- iz = . McRElrath, editor of the American v keting Cbeess. Stewast, Lake View, N, T ‘urtls, editor of the Ttica v, Ut‘l’u, N. Y, =* tn Utles, N, Y,, on Tuesday, Wednesday, and - tlemen on the subjects given: mwents and Balts." Solomon_Hoxie, 'V rid, Waddington, N, Y.—**Jore soya for the nnry‘?'tl‘ Jlaman, 5 Lazes Cornell Ul'llvlnlly. # " Aspacts of the bairy, " ihe J, V. 11, 8covill, Paris, N. Y.—*'Lessons of New York City—‘Literature of the E. W, Proft apd Loss in Dalrying. ‘rol. L. B, Aroold, Jtochester, N, Y,—''Re= port on the loternations) Dairy Fair, ** il. A. Mott, Je.. E. M. Fh. "D,, New York Clty Ll R ey, 8y N. Y, = Worki " oY, racuse, N, Y,—* TEiD; sud Sendivg Butter to farset. ¥ ‘The Hou. Horatio Boymour, President of the Amiuclutfon, I3 expected 10 wive s shors address on such tovic as he may chooso. ‘The_lollowing-named gentlemen have beeu fovited to prepure papers for the Couventiou, but bad pot resoonded when this circulsr was ready for the preas: Frof. A. . Chester, Ham-~ fltonCollewe, Cilutun, > Prof, X, A, Wil- lard, Little Fulls, N. X.; Dr. M, A, 1lenderson, Veterninury, Byracuse, N, Y, - A largo attendauce and ao unusuully (aterest~ oi and sucvessful Convention are aaticjpated. The return of the Associstion, like the Prodigal, from its wandcrings .to its birthplace, Is on event which will call. out s large local sttend- auce, as in tho carlicr davs of 1ts orgunization. We have encouraging information indicating & lurge attendany from ofber parts of the coun- try. Utlcans will tuke pleasure fu exteuding lielr hospitalitics and contributing to make thy oceuslon vue ol unusual Juterest Lo dulrymen. ‘The beadquarters of the Assoclation will be st the }aummehllluuu. in Utlen, the proprietor of which bas reduced bis fare 1o §2 & day for those atteuding the Courestion,