Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, October 13, 1878, Page 4

ST Ry X THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, OCTOBER 13, i878—-SIXTEEN. PAGES. Tlye Tribwue, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY MAIL—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPATD. sty Edition. one year... $12.00 5718 0f 3 year, . R A o Lhverary and Teeliious Doubie 2.50 260 Tri-Weekly, oue year. 5.00 Partsof 4 yesr, Ter month. a0 WEEKLY S Qb QT copy. her yeur. o531 Chab Gt gour.-.. 5.0 Spectmen coples sent free. Give Post-Ofice addressio full, fncluding State and County. Remittances moy be made elther by draft, express, Post-Office order, of in registered letter. at our risk. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. 7, delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 cents per weck. v, delivered, Suncay included, 30 cents per week. Addrees THE TKIBUNE COMPANT, Corner Madison and Dearborn-sta.. Chicago, Tl Orders for the delivery of Tug TEIBTNE at Evaaston, Englewood. and Hyde Par& left in 1he counting-room will receive promptstention. — TRIBUNE BRANCIH OFFICES. “Tyz CmCAGO TRIBTNE has established branch offices for the recelpt of subscriptions and advertisements as follows: NEW YORK—Room 29 Tridune Bullding. F.T.Mc- Fapprx, Manager. PARIS, France—Xo. 16 Rue dela Grange-Batelicre. H.Maniee, Agent LONDOX, Eng.—American Exchange, 449 Strand. Hrexzy F. GILLIG, Agent. SAN FIANCISCO. Cal.—Palace Wotel. SOCIETY MEETINGS. CORISTRIAN CHAPTER XO. 6. T A. M.— e Copvocatiou Monday evenloz, Oct. 1. at 7:30 B e an the Mark Degree: Visitiog Com= y . By order. panlonsarc cordially faviicd, By onifcarp, n. P * LLO COMMANDERY, XO. 1. K. T.-Stated c&’c’flmenfiuu«;; erenini s 8 Vlock, for bout: v} y ome. By orde; - ek e, oT IAYE WL DUNLOL, liecorder: LAFATETTE CHAPTER. XNO. 2. R. A %0 Monroe-st.—Visitors coraialiy and fomeet with us i Stated Convocation. Sgiay, - Oct. 14, a1 7:30 o'clock, for busiuess all 8 QGG Soerary. W H. KELD, . P CHICAGD COMMAXDERY. XO. 19, K. T.—Special .m.hnfl:lcr. redue JAMES E. MEGUILN, Xecurder. HOME LODGE. XO. 415, 1. 0. O. resutar mecting on Monday, Oct. 14, members are Tequesied to attend. cordially invited. Will hold a a0, m. Al Isfiing brothets SPERIA LODGE, 0. 41 &AL M.—Ttezu- h{’igammnn(uunn Wednesday evenlng, Oct. 16 2t 7:30 p. m‘i_,l:‘r 'Dr:rd[:],]. ‘li\(:l’l"l‘beflu are requested to be Bresen ors coi i N SULES - BISADLE, Secretary. SUNDAY, OCTOBER 13, 187S. In New York on Saturday greenbacks were quoted at 99 cents on the dollar. ‘The comparative cheapness of human Iife {2 pitily condensed in a telegram stating that since the discovery, nearly a month ago, of the remains of an unknown girl in Staten Tsland, the poiice have uncarthed the names of five young women who have been missing for some time, but whose mysterious absence had not been reported. The failare of the Glasgow Bauk and the suspension of several large houses in the Bntish-Indian trade hes been followed' by & depression in nearly all the labor markets in tite United Kingdom. The shipbuilders on the Clyde have notified their workmen of & reduction of 73 per cent in their wages. Some 40,000 employes are more or less in- terested. . A Congressional committee is in session in Omaha, investigating tho edvisability of transferring the Indian Bureau from the Interior to the War Department. Severci army officers testified that in their opinion the change would be a beneficial one for the Indian, but at the same time it would im- pose additional and burdensome duties on the army officers. 2 The election of officers of the Western TUnion Telegrapk Company for the ensuing year took place yesterdsy. Dr. Norvix GreEY, the successor of the lamented Wini- 143 OrTON, Was unanimously re-elegied Pres- ident, and Mr. Jomy Vax Horse, who has been for many years the Superintendent of the Southern Division, was chosen Second Vice-President, to fill the vacancy caused by the promotion of the first-named gentleman. Tre Treose’s Memphis correspondent has just returned from s trip over the Mem- phis & Charleston Railroad for a distance of 150 miles. He reports the situation s ab- | solutely appalling. Towns and villages are deserted and the bronze pestilence knocks at almost every door. To 8dd to the horrors of the scene there is zn almost utter absence of physicians and . medicines. The victims are dying off like sheep affiioted with the rot. The surviving inhab- itents are anxiously awaiting a sharp frost, which, it is expected, will kill the germs of, the plague. Friday night there was a drop in the thermometer almost to the freezing point, and the indications last evening were that the polar wave would make itself felt. BeacoxsFrELy’s diplomacy at Berlin does | not seem {o have settled the interminzble Eastern question, and Russia has again in- jected berself ss a factor in its settlement, or rather in the postponement of a settle- ment. The House of Romanoff declines to glve up the territory around Adrianople, claiming that, as no mention of it was made in the Berlin Treaty, Russia is entitled by provision of the arrangements entered into at San Stefano to hold possession until a definito treaty is agreed upon. What Russia has foregone on the Afghan border she has taken hold of in Europe, and England will without doubt find that cre lonj* she will heve to combat Moscorite diplomacy at both ends of the ‘neunlral country between ber Indian possessions and Russia. A highly sensational but apocryphal story comes from San Francisco about the arrest of one Bumcxss, 2 noted English burglar, who, after & chase of over 20,000 miles, was captured at Niles, Cal, a day or two ago, on the charge of having s little over a year ago murdered an Assistant Cashier of the Bank of England and robbed the institution of £250,000. It is alleged that be com- ‘nitted the murder by - striking the victim on the wrist with a ring con- ‘aining a poisoned lancet. The story lacks all elements of truth, for the resson that no mc!} robbery was ever committed endimo Assistant Cashier or other officer was mur- dered. The news-gatherers on the Pacific Coast have been given a *“stifi” of gigantic proportionz. A local interest attaches to the yarn by reason of its dragging in a CHaRLES PrxEERTON, Of Chicago, s one of the captors. CranLEs is a myth. —— Bishop Duraxrovr, of Orleans, and mem- bfl:u! the French Senste, died suddenly on Pndfy. He was born in 1802, received his elerical education at Paris, and subsequently became confessor in the households of the Dukes of _Bordeanx and Orlemns. He Was gn intimate friend of Tarrey- Baxp. In 1849 he was appointed Uji.xop of ‘Orleans, ond was decorated with the Legion of Honor in the succeeding year. Tp to the adoption of the dogma of the infallibility of tho Pope he wes regarded as one of the leaders of the Liberal Catholic party. To that dogma he, however, gavo his adhesion, and since then was' looked upon as being the head of the Frouch Ultramontanes. He was a firm believer in the temporal power Oof the Papacy, and defended it in a series of arti- cles dirccted egainst Epxuxp Asour, who had espoused the entire separation of Church and State. Bishop DurANLOUP W5 one of the “forty immortals ” of the French Academy, but resigned his seat in 1871, upon the election of M. Lrrrae, the Positivist philosopher. One of the many interesting ‘episodes in his career was his capture, a5 & prisoner of war, by the Germn_na at the taking of Orleans in 1870. NO COUNIY BON We presume that the County Board will riot be dissuaded from the purpose of sub- mitting the proposition for §500,000 of new bonds to a vote of the people at the coming election. It is o Ring measure, and Ring mensures, as a rule, find an easy passage in the Board. The Ring have everything to gain and nothing to lose by submitting this proposition. If defeated, as it ought to be, they will be no worse off than they are now, and, if successful, they will be sble to plun- der more than ever. No matter how many parties or how many tickets there may be in the field this fall, every party should vote against the proposition, and every ticket printed should bear the words, “Against the Issno of County Bonds.” The Ring will make an offort to convinco the people that ~ work on the Court- House will be suspended unless ihe bonds be voted. This is not true. They made the same representations last year when they wanted tho bonds voted, and yet the work bas gone on steadily, though the people refused to vote the bonds. The County Board have authority to tax property to the amount of 75 cents on every $100 of valustion, They will imposo this tas to the utmost limit just so long as the Board is governed by a Ring, and the people cannot help themselves. But the Board cannot issne bonds without the consent of the peo- ple. If they be authorized to raiso $500,000 on bonds, then they will have a separate fund for prosecuting the work on the Court- House, sud they will exhaust the full amount raised by taxation on the goaeral expenses of the county. But if they be not permitted to borrow £300,000, then they will save enough out of the general tax-levy to go on with the Court-House work. To refuse to vote the bonds will be equivalent to an actu- alsavingof ebout 150,000 a year; tovotethe bonds will bo equivalent not only to squan- dering the $150,000 of the general tax-levy that might otherwise be seved, but also to giving the Ring an opportunity for still fur- ther plunder out of the borrowed fund. This is so clear and evident a proposition that every man must comprehend it, and nothing that the Ring members or their as- sociates can urge will change the fact as wo bave stated it. Not one dollar should be in- trusted to the County Board (so long as it shall remain in the hands of a Ring) which tha Board has not the lawful means of forc- ing from the people. It would be the sheer- est folly to provido a special fund of half a million for the Ring to steal from, in addi- tion to the enormous tax-levy they exact. R ——— CONDITION OF LABOR IN CHICAGO. Thero are some reasons why the condition of the laboring men of Chicago should be as unsatisfactory es that of the laboring men of any other city in the country. During the three years succeeding the fire of 1871 there was 2 demand for labor here altogether un- paralleled, znd the work of rébuilding and high prices peid for all classes of labor at- {reeted men to this city by thousands and tens of thomsands. ‘These newcomers re- mnined in large numbers after the rush of rebuilding was over and after the panic had operated to reduce wages and suspend jobs already undertsken. ‘the Iaboring classes have been incressed in this city also by the fact that Chicago has enjoyed the reputation of having suffered less thun most other cities from the hard times, and by the growth of the manufacturing industries during tho last few years. All these things have had s tendeney to induce laboring men to come here, and the nataral result of Iarge immigration during .the period of de- pression is that the supply of Ilabor should exceed the demand therefor,—a con- dition which inevitably entails the greatest fmflering. The conclusion we desire to draw from these statements -of - facts is, that if, in spite of the tendency toward aa over- stocked Jabor market, there is no serious luck of cmployment in this city, then the genoral complaints of suffering and starvation among the masses throughout the country are utter- 1y untrustworthy. In order {o sscertain the sctual condition of the labor market in Chicago, Tue Tris- uxE detailed a reporter during the past weelk to visit a Jarge number of manufactories and other bnsiness enterprises employing- labor- ers, and o inquire into the relative demand for lubor and wages paid os compared with the same season during the past fow years. A score or more large employers were vis- ited, who had an aggregate of about 5,000 men at work in various capeeities, and, whils the individual experience varied somewhat, there was a universal agreement that there is now good, steady cmployment at living weges for all men willing to work, At some places there was o demand for more laborers than weraactually at worl ; ot others there was no demand, but there were no applications; at others still there were a few applications for work which could not be satisfied. There was also a variation in the wages paid, not only in skilled labor, the compensation for wifich naturally depends upon the capa- bility of the workman, but also for common day-labor, which is usually rated everywhere alike. Some employers were paying day- Iaborers $1, others $1.10, and others $1.12}. This variation may mesn in some cases that certain employers, having a good set*cf bands, pay them a little above the average rate to make sure of retaining them, but it would also indicate that the demand for Iabor is growing, since employers are willing to run up the wages in order to get the num- ber and kind of laborers they want. In ‘many of {he trades, assurance was given that there is nota single capable workman out of employmént, and the wages paid for skilled lobor range from $2'to $7 aday. The testi- mony on all sides wasto the effect that 1pboring men now reccive wages that ensble them to purchase more at ruling prices than they were able to procure at inflation prices when their wages were nominally higher. Tue TRIBUNE'S investigation fully warrants the conclusion that the Iaboring classes in this city are as well off to-day as they have ever been except in times of unusual aetivity, such as the two or three years succeeding the destruction of the aity by fire. Complaints about’ Iack of employment come from just two classes, viz.: (1) Aset of loafers always tobe fouud in lerge cities wle desire to be classed among tho workingmen, but who, as a matter of, fact, néver do a stroke of work anless they aro compelled to ; and (2) a class of discontented workingmen who fancy they are imposed upon because employers can no l(;nger afford to pay the- exceptional wages that prevailed during the overwrought activity of the rebuilding period. As to the loafers and bummers, there is no reason to believe that !liey are more DUMETouUs now than they are ordinarily; they never shoulder a pickax or carry a hod, no matter how active the demand for labor may be, Lut they grow noisier and more offensive when the Iabor market is weak. As for the class of discontented workingmen who spend o large pert of their time unprofitably in looking up higher. wages than any class of omployers -can afford to pay, they will be forced to admit sogner or Ilater that such wages can never rule for any length of time as were paid in Chicago during the hurry and excitement of rebuilding the city, and they ought to learn from the uniform expe- rience of laboring men that sbnormally high wages suslly imply such bigh prices for eversthing which they consume that the margin of their esrnings is .smaller than when their wages are nominally less but really purchase more. The result of Tae Trisuxe’s investigation of the condition of the laboring classes in this city is highly important in estimating the sincerity of tliose people who are basing tho demand for fiat monoy upon tha alleged starvation of some four millions of people in this country. If there is nobody starving in Chicago, and if practically all the men who are capable of working and are willing to work at living wages are actually employed, then it may reasonably be concluded that the condition of the workingmen throughout the country is very far from being so deplor-* able as the demagogues represent itto be. IE they told the truth, it would not follow that their panacea of rag-money would help mat- ters; but, as they have exaggerated and mis- represented the resl condition of things, it does follow that there is'no mecessity for making this or any other desperate expori- ment. ‘There is no class of people who would suffer 50 much from .the proposed folly of debasing the currency of tho coun- try as the workingmen, whose condition is ‘falsely et up as the basis of the movement. THE CORRUPIION FUND AT ELECTIONS. ‘Tho public Lve been regaled during the present * campaign” by the disclosure of how the inside machinery of local politics is operated. Perhaps it wasnews {o the ma- jority of people who are not office-seekers that the roed to offico by popular election is a costly one; the toll-gatherers are numer- ous and exacting. The disclosure recently mnde was the publication of the list of what is called *sssessments” madé by the De- mocracy upon persons who happen to have sccured nominations for elective oflices, When a man becomes a candidate, ** at the urgent solicitation of his frionds,” the first step is tosccure a nominationfrom the party to which he belongs. For this purpose he must interest himself among the ward and precinct operstors, who comnpose & numerous and a very distinet profession. Theso men work for gein. . To énlist them in one’s be- half, or to negotiate their opposition, re- quires the espenditure of money. These men are cither probablo delegates, or they are active agents in the selection of delegates. After wecks of time spent by candidates in visiting werds, waking specches, and enduring much that is disagreenble, but at the same time very ex- pensive, the day for electing delegates ar- rives. At this stage the candidate has learned, if the office he secks is classed as a profitable one, that to secure a nomination he must do oneof three things: 1. Homust select & controlling number of delegates by paying men beforehand; 2. He must con- tract with some firm of delegate brokers to secure the clection in the eighteen wards of 2 majority of the delegates to the Nominating Conventioxf, who must be paid befora the Con- vention meets; or, 3. Ila maust, after the delegntes are elecied, and perhaps after the Convention meets, purchaso the votes of a sufficient number to nominate him. Asthers are always several candidates secking the nomination, the cash offer for votes, to be successful, mustexcesd that of any other can- didate, and, as often happens, must be in addition to what some other candidate has already paid, or contracted to pay. The code in such eases is that a purchase only gives title until somo other person bids higher, and that thoe Ilast pur- chaser is entitled to the property. Having thus obtained the nomination (we will say for Sheriff), and paid up all his bills, he is required to attend o meeting of the candi- dates, in the prescnco of the Committes ap- pointed to conduct the compaign. It is assumed, and understood, that ““soap” (that is, money) is necessary, and- the Com- mittee proceceds to determine how much sosp will Do required. * Ordinarily, $1,500 would bs ample to pay all the honest and legitimate expenses of each party at an clection; but the sum designated Ly the Comamittee ranges from $10,000 to $30,000 on each side, the amount depending on the number and value of the ofiicers to bo elect- ed. The aggregate is then apportioned, or “pssegsed,” upon the several candidates, who are required to pay up within a certain number of hours. Taking the assessments of o number of elections by the two parties, the following may be put down as about the average tariff paid by candidates, after nomi- nation, and payment of which is considered to be essential to the support of the party— or continuancs on ihe ticket : Years of teym. Assesement. This ** assessment” is vaid into the gen- erzl fund. At once, upon being nominated, the candidate becomes the victim of personal demands for money. Every imaginable pretest is presented for these-demands, and, 50 firmly established is tho rule, he' must pay out day by day, and it is 2 common oc- cnrrence that the opposing candidntes pay money to the same individuals. This con- tinues to tho last hour of closing the polls. Taking the case of Sheriff, let us follow the man who may be eclected, and see how he fares financially. His salary is limited by law to $7,000 a year. His only other source of income is such profit as he may make on the allowance for feeding the prisoners in the jail.. He has of necessity to employ.a Iegal firm to protect him in the courts and to advise him in his extensive civil business,, and this will average $5,000 a year. He is- beset day and night for every 1maginable form of contribution, and - at every election doring his term (fall and spring)'he has as “meetings. an officcholder to contribute to the party fund, and is expected: to be paymaster on every social oceasion. : Let us state his ac- count under these girqumstances at the close of his term of .two years, supposing he have no other income from the office save what legitimately belongs to him. The gross sum poid tho Sheriff for feéding the prisoners is 245,500 a year. Ho is pmd 55 cents per'day for each prisoner, of which from 15 to 20 cents is regarded as clear profit. Look at the account: 14,000 Salary, two years. Feeding prisonezs, 91.000 Total fncome, 1Wo years.. ... .o. ---§105,000 EXPENDITURE: " Cost of prisoners, Lwo years.. $ 52,000 Attorneys, two yeara, .. ), 000 Ante- nominative expenses 5.000 Regular sssessment... 6,000 Personal election expe! 4,000 Tax for other elections, twi 4-333 Other demands, two yea: i) Total 0Utlay..eees o ver v sene +-8. 84,000 This leaves the Sheriff at the end of two years with $21,000 profit, or nt tho rate of $10,500 a year. If he have the good sense to abandon the office st that time he will escapo with some kind of compensation for the outlay and the hoavy respousibility of the two years in office. If, however, he, obeying the impulses of all men holding office, shall seck another nomination and election, ho will find himself subjected to more than ordinary cost. Faitbful service counts for nothing, All his patronage has been given out: he has nothing to offer in that way, and, to get nominated,—coerce o renomination against outside competitors,— e must use money freely, and Wwhatever sum may bo required. All his profits for bis fall term, and perhaps - more, will be swallowed up in the attempt to get renominated and ro-elected. Should he fail to bo elected, his fist term will be an actual loss. We have stated that the price paid by tho county for dieting the prisoners is thirty-five cents a day for each person. The cost o dieting a larger average nuamber of prisoners at the Bridewell is known to be about 12 cents per day each. Making duc allowances, the ‘profit on feeding tho prisoners in the jail is fully three-sovenths of the sum paid by tho county. The rateis fived by the County Board, and that Board has by law fized the rate at twenty-five cents per day for each prisoner the coming year. 'This, of course, will take from the Sheriff two-thirds of his present profit on that point. OF course the County Commis- sioners can restore tho old rate, but it is presumable that they will not do this without a division of the profits. Indeed, the reduc- tion was made, in all probability, to compel the next Sheriff to pay liberally to have the old rate restored. ‘We call the especial attention of taxpayers to this exhibit of what it costs to get and run the offico of Sheriff. The successful candidate has to pay, at a moderate estimate, 22,000 to get the nomination, get - elected, nnd meet party demands in office. That money; of course, is expended among pro- fessional political election-brokers, and spent to corrupt and degrade the whole system of nominating and’electing public officers. The fact that the Sheriff and the County Treasurer have to make such expenditures is urged by the politicians as a reason why the expenses of the officesshould not bocut down. The very men who are elected to tha Logislature three weeks hence will resist every effort to reduce by law the expendi- tures of all these local offices, and they will all oppose such reduction on the ground that, unless the offices be madelargely profit- able, the ** party ” will have no money to run the clections, and no money will be ex. pended to pack primary meetings, purchase conventions, support election committees, or corrupt and degrade elections, and force upon the people dishonest and corrupt officinls. It is not considered enough that political nominations and elections are con- trolled by money; it is-insisted that the pco- ple shall, by excessive compensation, pay the very money which is used at the polls to betray them into the hands of tho ruflians and scoundrels who run the machinery of local politics in largo cities. " THE RACES. There is hardly an event in the history of Chicago, “except the Great Fire, that has created such an excitement os the October meeting of the Chicago Trotting and Jockey Club, which occupicd the whole of last week. 'The success of the races once more shows that when Chicago really sets herself about anything she does it with all her might. This is true of her business, her charities, her fires, her opera-seasons, her newspapers, her goodiiness, and her wicked- noss. If the project is a commercial one, Chicego naver stops until she has outstrip- ped nll other competitors. If an epidemic were on hand, and Chicago really set her mind on having it, the census of the city would be a sickly object when ‘she got through. This has been the case with the races, Thousands of people have put them- selves to all sorts of discomforts for tho sake of secing them. They have gone on foot, on horseback, in every conceivable form of vehicle, They have hung on o horse-cars by their teeth. Forty thousand people on one dny swarmed into the grounds, worked themselves up into & craze of excitement over threo ' horses and the margin of a few secconds, yslled themselves hoarse, bet money frantically, and gen- erally every man displayed as much enthasiasm of the crazy kind as if the horses belonged to him, and his own life depended upon the issue of the race. Those who didn’t go to the races contented themselves with talking about thém. Tho result has been . that- every event of the weck has Dbeen more . or less permeated with horse. That noble gniwal has trotted through the hotels, run through tho boarding-houses, cantered on the Board of Trade, galloped through the evening Bootblacks on the street-corners, pending their shiunes, have wrangled over the merits of their respective favorites quite as vociferously, if not as lesrnedly in turf-jar- gon, as their elders. To such an extent has this mania permeated the community that the men who has not been to the reces is fast becoming en object of interest, while the man who has not enthused over them isa pitiable object in the estimation of a large majority of his fellow-citizens. There is but one more miserable object this morn- ing, and he is the man who lost. - If ho were interviewed upon the subject of races, and ‘were desired to express his viows, he wonld probably declaro them fo be a delusion and a snare, and the October meeting a very un- successful affair. It is notimpossible, if the interviewer were a young person unused to the wer* of the world, that he would advise him not io patronize horse-races, as being dangerous to morals, as well asexpensive. In fact, the man who has lost money at the races has become a miserable - equosogynist. The average Chicagoan who has been lo the races is a fair type of the whole Anglo- Saxon race. The Anglo-Saxon gets his love of field-sports from the ancient Greek, or at least shores with the. contemporaries- of Prroras and DestosTEENES the love they had rot only of tho race but of all athletic sports that require strength and agility. The race is peculinr to Great Britain and the United States. It has never flourished on the Continent. 'Tho French have imported the race from England, but it has never be- como o national event. They send horses over to the Derby to run, but they have no Derby-Day themselves, nor are they willing, like the English, to stop all the duties of life and postpone even the most profound affairs of State so that they may go to the races. The same rule holds good in contests of almost every description that involve efforts of muscular strength and force, pluck and grit. Frenchmen will fight duels with swords, and Germans will jab at each other with foils, and Italians will stiletto their op- ponents in the dark ; but none of the Conti- nental peoplo stand up to a square fist-fight, like Americans and Englishmen, or will crack crowns with clubs and feel happy over it, like Irishmen. Boxing and wrestling, which were such favorite games with the old Grecks, and which have supplied us with some of the masterpieces of ancient sculpt- ure, are also the sole possession of the Anglo-Saxon. The pitching of quoits, the flinging of the hammer, the throwing and lifting of heavy weights, are -also his. The people of Southern Europe are too inert to indulge ia sport of this kind. The Frenchman will dance for exercise, and the. German will practice the feats of the gymnasium, as is illustrated in the Turner organizations. Contests with the oar, walking matches, the games of Dbase-ball and cricket,—in fact almost every sport that requires strength and cournge,— Delong to the Anglo-Saxon and are not found in Continental Europe. The Chicagoan, therefore, only represents the attributes of the whole Anglo-Saxon race when bhe tarn out to the horse-race. e differs, however, from the Anglo-Saxon race, as it is found in St. Louis and other American cities, by turning out in more force, because he has more push and enter- prise, justas he multiplies here faster for the same reasons. Now that the races are over, however, it is time to let up. The past week has been devoted to the interests of the horse-race; to-day must. be devoted to the best interests of the humnn race. Itis cheerful to know that our ministers are equal to the sask. The great multitudes who went to the races should go to church to-day and attend to the affairs of the soul. MR. JOSEPH COOK IN ENGLAND. The Monday lectures of Mr. Josern Coox ‘have not been received with unvarying honor in this country, partly becanse he has as- sumed an offensive tone and manner in de- livering them, and partly becnuse he has misrepresented the present condition of scientific knowledge. Some of the criticisms that Bave been called out by him, notably that of the New Englander, have been as hostile as criticisms well could be. Ho has been accused of unfairness, of egotism, of superficiality, and even of blank and total ignorance of the subjects he presumed to speak about. If it were possible to collect the opinions of educated persons generally in this country, including those who have some right to speak with authority on scientific questions, we presume tho common judg- ment would be that Mr. Cooxhad shown more zeal than- discretion, and more faith than Lnowledge. - Tt must be refreshing for him, under these circumstances, to find o disposition to treat him kindly in an unexpected quarter. En- glish judgment, it might be thought before- hand, would be more stern than that of his own countrymen, But this does not appear to be the case. The last number of the Spec- tator contains a review of his lectures on “ Transcendentalism,” which i, all things considered, extremely favorable! Ths re- viewer admits that they do not contain many idens of absolute novelty, but thinks the in- cisiveness and raciness of their style makes them decidedly worthy of attention. *‘There is a great show, perhaps a littie too much, of strictly scientific and logical method ; but this and the occasional use of illustrations somewhat far-fetched, and not in the most severe taste, will be excused, in consideration of the intrinsic value of the argument, and the necessity for effectivé and popular treatment of a subject which is, on the one hand, apt to be one of the driest, and, on the other, has been recently handled and brought be- fore the thinking part of the public almost ad nauseam, end, on the orthodox side at least, inlauguage deficient in precision.” This is, by the way, a literal quotation from the Spectator ; we should be sorry to have the sentence pass for original composition. ‘The Spectator goes on, in botter English, to define 3f. Coow’s philosophy. It likes especinlly his tests of truth,“which are, in tho order named, intuition, instinct, experi- ment, and syllogism. It approves of his making tho ideas of immortality and of the existouco of Gop instinctive, not intaitive, and generally accopts the foundations of his philosophy as its own. The difficulties of his system do not lie, it says, in his first princi- ples, but in the application of them, and in the mauner in which hie works out of them a system of orthodox theology. His style of reasoning, while Iegitimnte in reference -to that phase of sensational philosophy and cvolutional science which insists on the ole- ment of experience, *docs not touch that more modernte evolutionism which looks up- on the higher functions of .body and of mind as somehow or other superadded to the lower, in creatures derived from the simbler forms by ordinary generation. The truth of the Iatter hypothesis is a question of mere science, not of philosophy.” The reviewer concludes by strongly recommending ** this vigorous and suggastive little book ™ ¢ to all who are interested m those prineiples which lie at. the root of the questions which are among the most important that can occupy human thought.”. ‘The chief objection to 3Ir. Cooxr’s method,” which the Spectator itself does not fully per- ceivo or state, is that he is constantly en- @eavoring to male out a case. He does not gointo any discussion with a purpose to state the whole truth clearly, let it lead him where it may ; but, baving first marked out his boundaries, he crowds as many of his principles as he can'into the space previously assigued for his work, This method, while it is objectionable from the standpoint of pure speculation, is. apparently productive of most abundant results. It brings a great many seientific {raths to a focus on articles of faith or practice, and consequent- ly confirms or justifies Mr. Coox’s friends in opinions which they had previous- 1y formed. Heaco it is particularly gratify- ing to their feelings. It soothes their vani- ty, moreover, to be informed that what they had supposed was only religion is science as well, and the highest science at that. They suddenly begin to suspect that, like the mzn who talked prose all his life without suspecting it, they have been spontaneously expounding the loftiost science. No won- der they esteem a preacher who assures them of this. - Now, the circumstances which- have made Mr. Coox’s lectures popBlar in America ara calcnlated to make them much more popular in England. 'There is more need of him in that country, The English people are more generally bitten with materilistic doctrine than the American people. And in propor- tion to the disease is the need of the remedy. Wae do not doubt that if Mr. Coor went to England he wouold find among the common people, a5 he has ‘already found in the re- views, a more hearty appreciation than he has met with at home. England is really the field for missionary enterprise that now most strongly invites him ; and to Ergland at no distant day he must g¢ KEHOE AND THE TRAMP BILL There nppears to be some trouble in the southern wards of Mr. KEHOE's district in re- gard to his support of the act that passed at the lost session commonly called the “Tramp bill.” Judge McALvLiSTER pronounces it un- constitutional, on the grounds that it does not provide a jury trial for the vagrants and vagabonds that may be arrested under it. The Judge of the Peoria District, who is fully as able a jurist as McArristar, decides that the act is constitutional, and that it does not repeal the laws giving jury trials fo all criminals ; and probably all the other Judges whose sympathies arenot with the criminal classes will hold to the same opinion. How- ever that may be, the law is 2 good one, and, unless the Supreme Court pro- nounces it in conflict with the jury clauses of the Constitution, it -will not be disturbed by the Legislature. But many of those counted on to support Kenok are bit- terly opposed to any enti-tramp or vagrant Iaw which interferes with the practices of strolling, lazy, worthless vagabounds who prowl about the city and conntry begging and stealing; hence they are threatening to vote against Mires, and some of his friends who sympathize with the tramps and va- grants ere vociferously denying that he sup- ported the Anti-Tramp bill which was enacted last year. But he did support it, and should not be, and we' presume. is not, ashamed or sorry for his vote therefor. The bistory of the bill is as follows: What is known as the Tramp law” appears on pege 87 of the Scssion Laws of the State of Tllinois for 1877. It is entitled ““ An Act to Amend an Act entitled an Act to Revise the Law in Relation to Criminal Juris- prudence, approved March 27, 1874.” Sen- ator TIExry Deyest, of Lee County, had been charged by his constituents with the necessity of a tramp law. Alarch 9, 3r. DeuMesT, by unanimous consent, introduced Senate Bill 301 *for an act concerning tramps and vagabonds.” Senator DEMENT copied entire the Massachusetts law on'the same subject. A bill was also introduced into the House by Mr. Eastoy, of Cook, Jan. 23, 1877, numbered 120, and referred to the Judiciary Committee, March 2, the House Judiciary Committee reported Jr. Eastox's bill back with ike request thet it *lie on the table,” and reported House Bill 537 (which was a slight modification of EisTox's Dbill) ns a substitute. April12, this bill passed the House by a vote of 107 to 5. Those vot- ing in the negative were: Messrs. ALLEN, Marrey, Hesoaicgsoy, MooNeymay, and TRonisox of Fulton,—one Independent and four Democrats. | The House Anti-Tramp bill was duly re- ported to the Senate, passed through the hands of the Judiciary Committee, and, April 24, on motion of Senator Keuox, was put upon its passage. The following is the vote: Ayes —ArcrEee, Biasn, Buenner, Beivk, CasTLr, Davis, DELANEY, DExesT, Fosbick, Havsa, Honcses, JosLyN, KRHOE, Lek, Maveonw, McCrernay, McDowers, MopErweLL, Mor- Gax, RiopLE, Ropysoy, Suurr, Souruwortr, Tavriarerro, Tooxrsoy, Ware, Warrme— 27. Nuays—KroxE, Pamisy, Proms, Rusex April 30, Mr. DeyENT, on his own motion, had his bill ordered to lie on the table, be- cause the House bill met ihe emergency and bad been approved by the Governor. THE DEBTS OF RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. Every intelligent person will resdily ad- mit that the prosperity of religious societies is essential to the success and highest devel- opment of civilized comnunities, and, agree- ing to that proposition, he must necessarily cousent to its corollary, to-wit: that what- ever rotards the growth of such organizations and smothers their enthusiasm is detrimental to the best interests of mankind. This ex- pression is 50 nearly allied to the self-evi- dent that it will not be gninsaid by any one whose opinion is worth regarding, and so we proceed to say that there is no one thing that stands so prominently and obstinately in the way of the prosperity of the religions societies of America to-day as the (generally) enormous church indebtedness that oppresses and hampers them, and under which they stagger from first to last. Debt is the ¢ 0ld Man of the Sea” that sits astride their shoulders, exhausting all theic best energics, absorbing their resources, filling the future with apprehension and unrest, and neutral- izing the devotion and perseverauce that ought to be spent in more sacred work. Very few churches ave free from -this great incubus ; and what we are now saying has no special application to auy religions sect, but rclates to all their cases alike,—the plain country churches being as badly of. accord- ing to their means of payment, as the moro costly and pretentious city congregations. The present condition of two of the lead- ing Baptist churches in this city—no worse off, perhaps, than a mejority of the other religions socicties of Chicago—afford an ap- propriate text for this little sermon on the debts of such corporations. The Rev. Dr. Everts, of the Tirst Baptist Church, ten- dered his resignation last Sunday morning, and, in so doing, sutmitted a communication to his congregation that explained the cause of his nction. Tere was a church which, as Dr. Evenrs truly says, “ was'the mother of the Baptist charches of the Northwest. By forecast and sacrifice she was the foremost among the founders of our - denominational schools. Her enterprise in church-building and church-cxtension has been unsurpassed.” And here is a pastor who, for twenty years, bas broken the bread of life to this- people, —holding the spcred relation long enough. to perform the mar- ringe cercmony for some of those whom he had christened in childhood,— forced to resign and retire on account of the financial embarrassments of bis Society. The debt now amounts ‘to $70,000, aud Dr. Eveets says that they are now bronght face to face with the question, **Can the First Charch be saved &s a corporation, or shonld the field by essumed by some new organiza- tion?” The Michigan Avenue Baptist Church is in a condition quite similar to that of the First. It hes o mortgage on its prop- erty of nearly 60,000 already, and its mem- bers are now discussing the propriety of $6,000 more to it ‘ for the purpose of making certain changes in the interior of the building, regarded ad necessary to tha growth and prosperity of the church.” Neither of these churches can borrow itself out of debt. Neither of them can raise ths amount of money necessary to liquidate itg indebtedness from the pockets of its parish: ioners, and there is nothing to hope for 1n the future for either, unless a financial mir. acle is performed in their favor, except fore- closure, sale, and the abandonment of the property. Tn this respect they are no worss off than a dozen other fine churches in this- city whose Day of Doom hag not yet arrived, but which is gg certain to come as that notes and mortgages mature by the passing away of time, I;or are the churches of Chicago in nny worse financial condition than the churches in negr. iy every other city and village in the Uniteq States. A gentleman at the East has madea specialty of raising this kind of indebtednass, nnd has become almost as famous in it ag Ar. Mooy or Mrs. Vax Corr has in the Jing of revivals. Indeed, the number of sinners to be converted, and the number of dollars to be raised, ars enough, in either case, to appall the stoutest heart, and to call for the exercise of the sublimest courage, the most heroic effort, and some of the faith that ro- moves mountains. We have referred to the financial embar. ressments of theso two churches for the pur. pose of pointing the moral of onr Sunday. morning Lomily, and not with the design to present them to the public in any unfavors. ble light. The question that we wish to raise here is one that is well worthy of the earnest consideration of every well-wisher of religious progress,—and it is this: Is thera not o radical reform mnecessary in thg financial manegement of all onr Telig- iousj societies? Has not church-build. ing, church-farnishing, and chyreh.ex- penditure gonerally, become so costly and extravagant that rigid retrenchment is aliky a duty that we owa to Gop and man? Arg not the American people spending mors money, incurring more debts, and making more display in church architecturs apd’ adornment, thon comports with republican simplicity, or tha still more simple require. ments of a religion that was founded by Oge who was born in asteble and cradled in manger? What does it profit a congrega. tion of worshipers to raise all the money - they can among themselves, borrow all they cen, and thep, after years of hard work, the practice of self-deninl, and the everlasting worry that debt is always sare to bring, to sec in the end the red flag of the arctioneer hung over the church-door as the sad signst of the finel disaster?- Churches everywhers are much too large and too expensively bilt. The Building Committee invariably over: estimates the size of the edifice that is needed and the amount of money necessary for its construction, and the architect comes in for. his share of the blame by making beautiful plans and specifieations with the estimated cost represented by figures that he knows very well will lio like SaTax long before the last nail is driven. In this way the original subscription isab- sorbed before the work is fairly commenced, and the property is dedicated to the mort- gagor long before it is dedicated to the service of the Living Gop. - Then begins the everlasting, hopeless struggle with the all- conquering hydra, Debt. Extra subscriptions . - § are cirenlated, extra assessments levied, fairs, festivals, concerts, and sociabies are held, with the one prominent object in view,” namely, to feed the monster whose insatiable ° maw swallows all and still eries for more. And when the building is finished it is foned to be too fine and too exclusive. Poor pec- ple are as practically shut out by the rigid rules of conventionalism as if they were ex- cluded by the statute of the State, made and provided on purpose to fit their particnlsc case. Even what we call the common peo- ple find little that is congenial to their tastes inside of the walls of most city churches. And the result is precisely what might be expect- ed in both instances: both classes keep out. By s recent census, taken by reliable parties, of the church-going portion of Chicago, it was found that out of a population of 550,000 souls only 30,000 attended church. Un- doubtedly there are many causes which con- spire to produce this result, and it behooves aull of us who believe that morality and re- ligion promote the good of the community to not only try and discover the true cause of this growing indiffercnce to public wor- ship, but to provide a sufficient remedy. ey e The Tabernasic is already a thing of the past. It was upened on the 1st day of Oc:ober, 1870, by Brotheér MoopT, with a strong revival al- dress appealing for an honest life, andit was - closed on the Tth inst. by Mr. BLAISE with a strong financial address, appealing foran hon- est money. It is now in process of dismantling, preparatory. to the construction of stores. Mam- mon will rule where MuobY preached. Between its opening and close it has witnessed some stir- ringscenes. Great political and temperance mect- ings have Leen held withiu its walls. Gouell Josern Cook, anmd Beecuen bave lectured there. Hundreds of babies have squalled witt- in the sacred precinets, legended all over with sacred texts,—the precinets, not the babies,— and huadreds of swindied wothers bave rush frantically out of dts duors. Two of three great musical festivals have been held in it, and KELLoge and CamY have warbled Dbackoeyed songs on S staze. THOMMIS' orchestra and GILMORE'S band have inade its walls ring, and great plans ists have wrestled with their iostruments and tried to make them audible in its vast spces- Six thousand people repented of their sins i the ereat cellar, and, it is to be hoped, are lead- ing better ives. Hundreds of drunkards sign cd the piedge there, and, it is to be hoped, are sober men to-day. By personal appesls from its staze $10,000 were rased for the Buiss Monument Fund and $i0,000 for the Young Men’s Chiristian Association. Five or sixstori¢s of stone, brick, and ‘mortar will be piledupod . these associations, but they cannot_bury the memorics, both giad and solewn, that run back to tnat spot. Let us hope that they will have 2 sanctifying influence upon the worship of Mam-= mon that will hereafter go on above them. Te place where Moooy thunderea bis warning3 and SANKEY sang should not attogether be for- zotten. ¢ down the sacred texts, but keep ihe memory green. e SRR SR e Dr. WaLkeR Kevrsren, of Osbkosh, Seper- intendent of the Insane Asylumm located there, recently read a paper before the Popular~ Science Society of Milwaukee, i Which Le took the ground that the increase of xnsauiq is largely due to the manncr in which the minds of children are injured by the common metbod of teachi e inveighs against the uopatural attempt to fill the minds of young persons with the lessons of the text-books, and dwells w_lth empbasis upon the injurious efect of loadinZ tbie memory only, without the control and de- velopment of the nobler faculties. The bad effectof the present system, he thinks, is €3~ pecially noticenble on the healts of yonog girls: In somc schools the more advanced pupils Lave to bezin their studies at an carly bour, aad: with very brief intervals, are obliged to spead the day and evening tu the tiresome work of mastering their tasks. Dr. Kesxpstex (bioss that this ivevitably produccs a morbid condition - of both mind oud bodf “The firsi.. alm of education,” BE T -