Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 21, 1878, Page 9

TERATURL. Stanley’s New Book, “ Through the Dark Conti- nent.” v The Three Groat Problems of Africa, and How He Solved Them, - «Yillages and Village Life -~ Perry’s Political Econ- omy. “Almost an Englishman "-=-New Poems-=-An lllinols Geog- raphy. Wonders of the Paris Exposition—The Electrio Light—8clence Notes, LITERATURE. THROUGIT TIHE DARK CONTINENT, “The story of Stanley's jonracy across Atila fas been told iLy him In two larze volumes. It has seldom heen our furtnne to read & more thrtlting nareative, The orizin, the hardships, and the great results of the exocdition combine to make It one of the most remarkable fn Nistory. Its succeas was due mainly to its leader. No one who reads thcse volumes and conslders the obstacles which Mr. Btanley had to overcone will doubt this, 1f ho hud not written o word to prove It, the fact that he suc- ceeded where all others falled would be evidence of it. 1t would be no small achlevement to do what Liwingstone and Camncron had done; to take up thelr work where they left i, and wearry 4 forward o a suceessful conclusion, was o task that scarcely any living man but Stanloy could have sccom- plished. fle succeeded becauss he bappened to unite previous experience of African travel with those qualities of bodily, mental, and moral en- durance which alone could “carry him through. Without his experlence he would never have gone beyond Ujijis and with it, unalded by sn lierofe résolution, he must have succumbed at the first. eatoracts, The expedition was eonceived by the editor of the London Dairy Teeqraph, 8oon after the burial of Davil Liviugstono fn Westintuster Aboey, Stanley, who had acted as owe of the pall-bearers, was talking over Journul- istie enterprise in_ peneral with one of the stoff of the ZTelograph, In the midst of the conversation, ibe editor entored. “We spoke of Liviogstone and the unfinished task remoining debind him, In veply to an eager remark which 1 mmde he asked: * Could und would, yott complete the work! And what 1s there 10bo donsi'™ Stanley anawered, in rubstauce, that there were three problems to be wolved: First, the sources of the Nile, which hud been ludelnitely fixed by S8peke i Lake Victoria, were to be sacertained, Becondly, Lake Tangautks was tobe explored, Thirdiy, the western half of Africa was to bo visited, and the vourse of the Congo River tracea. The elitor uf the Teeyraph telegraphed to Mr, Bennett, in New York, asking him whether he woula joln in sending Stan- ley out tv Alrlcato completo thy discoveries ot Speke, Burton, and Livingstone, Within twenty-lour hours the new mission to Africa was ditermined ot as o foint expedition by tho laconle_answer flashed "under thu Atlantle: “Yea “Bennett,” It witl notdo fn this caso to underratu the importanco of Str. Bennctt's serv- fzes to African cxploration. e furnlshed the an and hall the means for tho prosecution of the work ; aud bis neme will live in history— pome of his envious contemporarics msy be sorry to think—along with 8tanley's. ‘I'ie fourney of Atrican exploration properly Degins 1n these days at Zanzivar. The whole of Ktanley's first volnma. is devoted to the coun- 15y belween Zauzibar sud Ui, where, on the jormer expedition, Livingstone was found. But the Journey thia time was not in s dircet Jine. ‘The explorer had first to tivcumnavigate the Vietorin Nyunza, the sgettlement of whose bounslaries was one of the malu objects of 1 exnedition. 'This Important worle was succes: fallv accomplished. Stanley answered the ques- tlun whether Lhe water scen b* varjous explor- rs iere, ot the source of the Nile, was oue or souny by sslling entirely around It, mappiug its wutlines, snd flxiug the Tocality of {ts headlands. Hle found the meun level of the lake above the evs 10 bLe 4,105 feet, and its superficial area 21,500 square mites. The Victoria Nile, which flows through Gitanzego and Caja Jakes Into the Alpert Nyanzals, of course, he altluent of this immense budy of water. ‘I'he yrincipal affluent 1s the Alexandra Nile, which 4t {ts niouth fa sbout 150 yards wide, estsoundings obtalued i it wero eigh 1tuatream, Irom its volume and darkiron coly wny be traced soveral milea out into the lake. 1ts sourco I8 not dellnitely ascertained, but may not lmpossibly be a further interfor lake, The country about Lake Victoria fs sald to be fertile uud beautitul, and the cllmate s dealthful. It steamers were placed on this inland scs, trading purts of consequence wonld coine Into exiut- wuce, gud a arge and civiized population bo suoported, The second part of Btanley's work was under- taken by him atter reachine U!lljl. and the de- seription of it opens the second valume. o crcumnavigated Lake Tancaoiks, as he had vreviously the Victota Nyanza. e conld flod vo sufticlent data for the conclusion thet the lake hus at present any outlet. s theory is tiat it {s an Inland sea witnout any outlet; that it (s raphdly rise; and that in short time It will overllow througt the Lukuga River into the Lualab, which 1s the extreme wouthorn brauch of the Congo. Lake Tanganika therofore be- lunge us disthictly to the Cougo systemn g the Victorla Nyauza does to the Nilo system, The water-shed Is Letween them, and alimost imuer- ceptible, hke the water-shed between the Gait of Mexico systemn and the 8t, Lowrence syatem. Tho evidencos for Stanley's Bellef {n thie counection of the ‘Tanganiks with the Congo system are curious, Ho found the Liver Lukagu with no scttled currcnt elther to or Irow th lake, One duy It was iu une direetlon and unother day fo_the opposite direction. Its mouth was choked by papyrus and mud. At the samne time thero was abundant testimon; tuat the luke had beon steadily rising. It ha wiily three feet to nse In order 1o overcome the barrers at tho mouth of the Lukags, and flow away through the Lunlaba and the Congo to “the Allantle, — Mr, Stanley belleves the Tangauika many Ita outlet n this way: that by some convulston its bed was suditvaly extended und 118 level consequently lowered; that tho Lualaba, which had proviouvly tdowed from the lske, was thus made to flow "towards t; that, elce the convulsion roferred 1o, the lake has been wrudunily titliog up, and that it must soon resumie, it i has not already resumed, jte old wurs ;e lcvel above tho sea of the Tanga- i by tsunh"v at 2,750 feet, and the superilcial mrea at 0,240 square miles. It ts sut 1,800 fect lower than th Victoria Nyanza, canuot conscquently have any consection sud with the Nl system. " The maly purpose of Stanley’s expedition was 1o Lraco the Congo from fts source (o the sea, Thils aleo be accomplished after much suffering, and in the face of wany obstacles. It was coue ectured by Livivgstone sud Caineron that the uulaba wus tho Congo; bat a jouruey of 1,500 tulles throuph b hostile country, vver cataracts und talls, and by missmatic forests was needed 1o verify their conjectures, They had no meane of determining the courso of the river. They SupLosed that fi weut lu wearly 8 strulgnt e to the oeean. +He proved that Tts course for bart of the distance was_nearly two degrees nurth of the equator. Th:[v knew wothing of falls or caturscts aloug the wayj ¢ wapped aud described thew. The dis laee traveled ou the river was 1430 wiles, The tiwe occupted by the Journey was nearly ine wouths, Une of tho greatest ditticultics Was Lo get wtarted. 1t was tu?nulhlew fuduce the iwen who biad cowes with Stanley from Zan- zibar tu ko ou trow Nysugwe, the poiut on the Lualabs reached by Liviugstone, uuless by gs- Auring thew of s powerful vatlve escort. 'Thiy Liort cuuld bardiy be obtatued. At thls polut llmmeruu fatled. fle could get no uatives to o e unkno-nuuumfi. Which was sald to ¢ lubiabited by canpibals, Neither Cawmvron wor Liviugstous could obtalu cauoes from the Arabs ut Nyougwos wnd proceed on the ‘f““."’*" aloue. ’i'nu refusal wus placed on angfround of appreliensions for their salety, i Jegard fur the wuppused wishes of the riilal Conaul at Zuuzibar, but thes true reason Uiy castly Luve Leen that eitbier of the eastier tablorera could could pav woll enough for thu fofuies destred. Stauley was wore fortunate A‘ ALX. Teapect, agreed with Tippu-Tib, an Gt bwder of Nyaugwe, to accowuauy bin 3 le of wixty camps, cach camp Lo be four Luwa' warek from the wtuer, fuc the suw of _that his life was spared, $5,000, on certaln conditions. This sum woul b respeciable in clvillzed life, and t tue in- terlor of Africn ft wasagreat fortune, The Arab trled, bLut was not able, to earn the money. After ten days’ travel, seven of them_ throngh s _ terrible forest and {ungle, Tippu-Tib broke dowa, and asked tn Lo relcased from his contract. 1le had then eccataplisbied less than seventy-five miles travel, nu(Y, by the terms of his contract, would get no pay for what hchad done. Stanley argued the wmatter with him long and earnestly, * and finally nade & new contract with him, prom- Ising to croes the river, ind a more favorable country for traveling, and give nim $2,600 for twenty marches, counting two marches to the dav. ‘This ncw contract was made Dec. 16, 8is days afterwanls, Tippu-Tit's resolution apaln falled, and this time completely, Though elght marches wero still wanting to edmplere the twenty camps agreed upom, he declured his intentfon of returning to Nvangwe by another route, and with such firmness of tone that Stantey renounced the idea of at- tempting to change his decislon. ~ * Indeed, the awful condition of the sick, the high dafly mor- tality, and_the constant actacka .on us during each "journcy, had produced such dismal im- pressions_on the minds of the escort that no amount of money wuould have bribed the undis- ciplined people of Tippu-Tib to have entertained fora moment the dea of continuing the journey.” When Arab and _native tournge faiied in this manner, It must have required ostraordinary resolution for 8 stranger and en Eu- ropean, cuttivg Joose Irom sil his commu- nicatlons, to continne the journev alone. Nev. ertheless, Stauley sccmis not_to have besitated for & moment, He gave Tippu-Tib (though tha contrsct had been unfulilited) a draft for $2,000—and went ou. The course of the river conalamtly tended north, nuluu(‘smnley niuch anxiety and per- plexity, In Nvangwe he had aucstloned an Arab, who had heen farther away on o maraud- ing expedition for ivory than any of.his felluws: ‘The son of Jumah =ald: ** Yes, T knaw all about audn;ar Ethamd ub lltu ] (** the thasi to o +*1n which alrection does It flow, my frlend?” *1t flowa north,” ** Anii thenr" 4 8ulf north." 4+ Come, my friend, sveax; whithor does it flow renching tha porthr* Why, master,” replial he with a bland smile of wonder at_my' sunarent lack of ready compre- hension, **dow't [ teh yon it flows north, 'and north, andnortb, and there {s no ena to it? I tnink it reaclies the salt sea, at Ieast somo of my {fricnus asy do, ) Beanley found that it did, Indeed, go north for a' long distavce, Mis land-fourney from Nyangwe, which ke left Nov, b, brouhit hlin to Rukombeh’s Crossing on tiie Livinzions River, thirteen days afterward, ‘The distauce on o’ stralght line was only forty-one goographical miles, but by the roundabout route he had taken nearly seventy-five mnfles, and all through a dense jungle. The Congo—or, as Stanloy has rechristened it, the Livingstone—Rlver was, at the crossing, 1,2 yards wide., Stan. Jey fetermined ' to take to tne water, permitting part of the expedition - to folluw by land. Ile soon aciuired canous enough by capture and purchase to ffoat his uxpedition, and made the rest of the jouruey in this man- ner, His adventures during the voyage were many., He bud thirty-oue severo flfinn with savages, many of them cannibale. He Jost a number of men in shooting rapids. Iils friond and only Furopean companion, Frank Pocock, Jost hislifo by his own foolnardiness in sttempt- lng_an impossable cataracl. Bianley arrived finally 1\(ty-slx mtles from Embonna io s stary- fug conditlon; aud he ana his whole expedition were onty succored o their liour of extroma necd by sending tnessengers to the European resldents on tho coast and obtaluivg provistons from them. ‘The fncldents of this marvelous journcy have been more or leas fully deserived [o tho lettera printed in the newspabera aud need oot bo re- cited here. The narrative impresses tho reader with s deep scuse of Mr. Stanley’s lotrepidity and #kill3 and this, too, after moking due ai- fowances for possibie exagaeration on the part of the author. The story of his sufferings do not rest, Indeed, solely uvon his own testlmony, but upon that of the Europaan residents of Embouna whorescucd bim. 1t shiould be romem- bered also that hie was the only one of four Earo- peans who pluned into the dark contineot vn 1he cast side Ly ewrerge ot tho Atlantic Ocean. Edward Pocock died Jan. 17, 1876, just two monthis after leaving the coast, of tvphald fe. ver. Frederick Barker dled five montlis out at Kagehyl, on the sliore of Lake Victorls, Francis Johin Pocock died two years and s ball out (June U, 1877), being drowned {n the Congo, It s & remarkable fact that the health of Steoley sud Pacock was good alter reachity the Cougea. They suffered only from the want of . suitable sud sullicient food, The two Pococks wera buat- wen, and Barker waa an hotel-clerk; noncof them perhaps waa well adapted Lo underyo the bard- ships of an overland fourncy tn Afriea; but any of them tnignt buvy been as likely to survive os Stanley. ~ Itisa fortunate thing for sclence If he had been taken instead of auy of them, the world mi; have known that white men had seen the interior of Afriea, but would bave added littie to {ts school of knowledige ‘Wa have vot tho space cven to meantion alt the wonderful things that Stanley saw, mnuch leas to describe theun In oue viliage he found piles of skulls llniog tho stroets. ;Thess skulls, tho matives assured him, uad been taken jrom porilias; but Prof tluxiey, who examined two' brought batk to England y Btauloy, asserts that they were unquestion- ably bumuan. Mon-ating trives were separated from thoss who sbliorred cauniballsus by narrow strips of territory,—a lact which nticsts the difliculty of communication Letween diTerent parts of Central Africa. And yet soms of the tribes in the interror were armed with cld mus. kets, which hud passed fron hand to hand by npegro-traders from the Attantic coast, Other tribea used polsoncd arrows. Some were tall aud Euwurlnl men, sowe were shnust dwarfs, oe tribe was found cocumpassed by a thick forest, so that, belog uniy a tew milcs abitant - from the rivor, they hud neyer seen it. Ono King had' huge brass col lars soldered unbout the necks of i wives, one of whom carried thirty pounds of motal in this manver upon her shoulders, thus at the same tinie saviog and exbibitiog the wealth of her Royal master, I anotber trive thiers was fouud a primitive blast-furnace, where jrou of superior quality was fushioned juto va- rivus rude implements. ‘The languages of the tribes changed many times on the jaurney, and shie nawme of the river was tuken from each new afffuent. Stauley’s note-book was pronounced fellch at one place, aud Lo wuly saved It by sae- rillcing a volume of Shakspeare In its place, ‘Tho appendix contains a nuwber of statlstical tables. ~ Tbe extent of the whole jour vey was 7,158 nules; 2,874} milles wero wade by laud, and the rematoder by water, “The leogth of the boac voyares on Lake Victoria was 1,070 miles; ou Lake Tagan- 1ka, 811 mhice; on tho Congo, 1,430 wiles; and there was otber water travel. ‘Fhe jouruey bo- won at tho Indlan Ocean Nov, 17, 1873, aud ‘end- cd at the Attantic Aug. 12, 1877, thus occupylug about two years and thres-quarters, The dcaths in the expedition proper during bis time were 114, lncludive thres Europesns, tha boy Kaluly, and bpeke’s vld guide. The auxili- arles lost 59, making the grand total 17, The princlpal causss of deatt were dysentery (31 battle and murder (55); drowned (14); swalt- pox (15). One was cauint by a crocodile; two Aled’ from overdoses of oplum, oliv frowm starvation, two from ulcers, and oo from chtldbirth,. Oue became lnsane, one was loat in the juople, nod five were arrested by the natives and condewned for steailug. The pres- ent voluno contals & lurge number of wood. cuts aud engravings. Ol tieso latter the most uotabla are two which, prefixed to the lret aud the second volumes respectively, show Btanley us ba was the week before his departure from 'he first 18 Lho picture of 4 bealthy young us full-faced, black-buired, snd Incllued to corpu- lence, with un snfmated, cheerful expression, ‘The sccoud Is the pleture of s gaunt, wau, and cadsyerus frume, s ploched aud hungry fate, aud, au lutent, anxlous JOok, the oves strajulng esgerly, ws (I watcllng for danger or relief. ‘Aho ualr in the labter icture Is almost white. Bestdo thess engray- e, the voluumes coutsin two {aree waps, ote filustrating the eastern, and the otber the weat- €ro, part of the journey, Thero ure also sev- cral neps cxnibiting e previous stato of geo- erspbival kuowledge. Ahogether, the bouk fa oue that mway be Leartlly reconmended 83 well to scleutific men a3 to those who read ouly for eniertainiuent or distraction; for, whether it by covsldered as & coutribution 1o thd world's stuck of kuowledge, or asatale of marvelous sdventure, Siauley’s * Through the Dirk Con- tiveut ' will Joug remain without au equal {n literature, “(New York: Harper & Bros. Sold culy by subscription. K. 8, Bogue, Nu. 83 klfth avebug, Chicugo, Northwesteru ageot.) VILLAGES AND VILLAGE-LIFE. Dr. N, H. Eggleatou, master of & boys® school at Willlamatown, Mass., and an old resident of Berishire CountyStas recorded some of the resulls of his obeervations of ‘country-life In's volume reecutly publisbed by Messrs, Harper & Bros, Tho most InterestioX chapters of the bouk to our miud sre those which treat of Vil lage Improvemeut Soclotles, tho Laurel-Hll As- suciation, Trees aud Tree-Planting, Feoces and Hedges, and thu Samtary Aspects of Country- Llie. The Laurel-Hill Association 1s ope of the inatitutions of Btockbralge, Mass. It had its orlgiu 1u the eudvaver of a few scusible and situated vearly {n U centre of the village, fro Ialling & victtin to the wooriman’s ax. Its ope ations graduslly extended, first to the cemetery, and ~Afterwards to the roads, walks, snd Tanes of the villoge, And #o the process of contructing walks, Improving roads, planting trees and hodees, and stimulating the peaple gencrally to more tasteful care of their vremiscs, has goue for- Little by little, and In many namcless the door-vards and farms, have come to weara look of neatness and intelligent care that. makes the Btockbridge of to.aay ?ullcu different place from the Btork- bridoe of twenty, or even of ten, years no, Al this has been done, too, at comparatively Jitt} nlary expense. Yeatly subscriptions, can ng from $10° down to &1, have bren solicited, the payment of which has castly heen made: and with the monay thus secured rom year to year, and the additional contributlons mide in Iabor, tho work has heen accomplighed, It has really been no tax wpon the town and hardly a burden toany one.’” Mr. Eggleaton pgivea the Ly-laws and reguiations of tue Laurel-Hil Assoclation, which it 18 hobed may prove the model of many aimilar sasoclations throughout the vountry. Mr, Egaleston 18 an uncompromising encmy of fences, except in eanes of sosolute neceasity, Tlc quotes trom 3ir, Dodge, the statisticlan of the Agricaltural Department in Washington, the statement that the wholc cost of fences in the Unlon amounts to $1,700,0:0,000, and the cost of snuual repalrs to §193.000,000, A larze part of this money, Mr. Eggleston intimates, tnight be better used than fu the perpetuation of unnece: barons state of ry and nosightly relica of o bhar- 1y, stich a8 fences too often catile come upon any one’'s premises he can of " them and hold them of damages. This ought ~ to be law “in every Btate.”” Mr. Eggleston scems to forget that Iy soine States more fences would be required to Keep the cattle in than to keen them out; hat, with qualificstions, he fs right in urging the general sbulition of fences within corporate limita, _**Wo have now," he goes on to say, “somo fino examples ou a large acale of the ad- vantage resulting (row the absence of fences, eapecially from the fronts of dwellings. In viduzl instances are to be found in very many of our towns and viilages all over the country, as far West cven as. Colorado. The Village ot Bouth Manchester, Conn., the seat of the sl oflls of the Brothers Cheney, {s a notable jilu. tratlon of what may be dopne by mot dai: This villaze covers 700 acres of land, and hns 150 liouses; but not a wall or fence of any kind isto socn between these louses and the varjous roads along which they stand. Each house has its lawn in front dotted with flowers and shirubs, M unmistakable look bf comfort, neatness, and taste pervades the vitlage, and evers visitor is charmed byits apgearance, Anotherifustra- tion of the elfect ot open grounds nuay be secn at Williamstown, Masa., wliera the fences along the priuclpal street have been takon down one by one, unttl Bually, under au impulse of gen- eral lmprovement the present year, alded by the cunlary gouerosity and personal influente of Ir. Cyrus W. Fleld, nearly all have been re- moved, aud the ontire street, o mile In length, presents the appearance of o parg,’” AMr. Egelcston’s chapter ou Draloage rests largely on -the authorlty uf George E. Waring, Jr., and-that on Ventllation on the authority of Prot. Joy; but fu peithier case conld there bo better source of infurmation. These aru sub: i“” too )ittle understood or regarded in vil- aco cominunities, Whoever shall read Mr, Eggleston's statcment, that the country hus now becoms tho Labltat of fevers fnstead of tho city, and his explanation of the rcasons of 1t, will'ba apt to think the subject well worthy hls atteution. The chapter “on Roads and Bridges contains mnn{' useful hints which wo shall have to leave to the persoual attention of villaga authorities and people—for whom this book {s iIntcoded and by whom it should he widely read. (** Villagesand Vilingo Life.”” By N. 1, Eggleston. New York: Udarper & Bros. Price, 81.75.) [ PERRY’S POLITICAL ECONOMY. A new cditlon of Prof, Perry's » Elements of Political Economy! has become of late st annual event. Prof. Perry's book is, i not the highest atandard authority in any depart- ment of tho scicuce, possibly the best text-book #ow dxtant,—a fact which s proved as well by on examination of It as by Its large sale. Its successful use {u the class-room 18 due princl- paily to the expericnee of its author as a teach~ er. He has been now for s quarter of a cen- tury s Professor in Willlama College; aud he acknowledges his {ndebtcdness to the succes. sivacizases ‘of Intofligent' young wmen with whom he has discussed the principles of the science. Nor s oxperlence the only qualifica- tion of Prof. Perry. A conscentious methiod, untiring Industry, and an avalyllc mind lhave cnabled him to solve some of the problems of the aclence that otber inyestizators have peglected or auswered incorrectly, 118 chapters on Valus and Laud sre eapeclally noteworth! n this respect; and he dares to liope that his atatement of the relations of utility to value s evau snore clearly put thao Bastiat’s. It should be remembercd nlso that Prof. Perry wus ale most a solitary ploneer lo sketching the his- tory of American tariffs aod wmonoy n the Unlted Btates. We cannat sgree with biim in saying that Prof, Bumver bas worthiiy Quished the task thus bequn, There never was, fuds s more Hagrant case of book-making for own sske and shamelsss padding than Prof.’ Bumoer's ** Awmcrican Curreney.” ‘I'n€princlpal changes ln the acw editfons of Prof, Perry’s Politteal Bconomy have been In the chapter ou Money, where the utluence of Maclood and Walker hns been felt, Pror. Porry hus foltowed Prof, Walker tn wome sodi- tications, dropping the tern currency L3 ueclest and perplexing word, Prof. Perry's new deflultion of monoy, however, strikes us us uo improvement on the old_ond. T'o say thut vimonoy 18 a curront and legal measure of services ? inay express 1o hils mind somcthing clearer thay L say that **iponey 18 & mvusury of valus; but the now detinstion I not s complete as tho old one. 'Pho “relations of money to prico ot once show this. Prof, Perry bas evideutly been Induced to enango this deflnition out ot deference to bls breviousdetinl- tlon of value as *‘the ruiatfon of mutual urchoso . establishied between two services thelr _cxchange Value s not nrelatfon. It i3 tho worth of s commodity or rvics expressed in denontinatious of another commodity or service. Money I8 tho common denominaior fn which valuo of com- modities and services {s expressed for the pur- poses of oxoliunies. Prof. Perry's other propoaitions are too geueral o carclessly stated, as that ** Huzh wages do ot {mport a Diieh cost of production.” Jigh Woges may not cause a high cost of production, Lut they gen- erally do, and thoy at lcast “import" a uizh cost'of production. But it would bo mlslcad- fug, wud perbaps Dresumptuous, to attompt & eritictain of so uble and carcful & work as this, which reoresents the watured thought of such s man as Prof. Perry. o (New York: Charles Beriboer's Bons.) ATMOST AN ENUGLISIIMAN, < Mr. M. L. 8cudder, Jr., now admitted to by the author ot “‘The Romsuce of tha ircal Dividable," Las written another work of fiction, which1s called * Almost an Englishman,” As the production of a Chicago writer, well known at home, tho book is entitled to wnore than the ysual share of attention. The character de- scribed a8 almost an Englishman Is represcotgit 84 bolug & young mau from Massachuscits, e bas learued to despuir of tho Republic, and to beliove that its fustitutions are at fault fur the results of the bad workings of them. lead- mires Britlsh fdeas mare than those of his own country. Inshort, he is & pessimilst. Howight bhave writteu, or atleast havo praised, Mr. Park- wman's late article intho North Am:rican Ke- view, which taught us, If auything could, that the Republic was fo a far worse way than we bad supposed. He says boldly tha atriotisul I an unworthy ' sentiment—*that L is uoworthy of ibluklug men. It la better than absolute Individual self- Ishness. ¢ 18 better thut a tnan should ba wiit- luz to sscrifice himsell jor his country, gLt or wrong, than be brutally beat on nothing but personal welfare, But mien of the righl uaw bave come 20 overlook were ph boundartes. Tho rizht sort of suus s willlug to sacrijcs bimeell for the wellure uf Lig leilow- men, Bo natter what way be tbeir differences of ruce or lucality. A natioual ftug fe repre- scutation of the selllshncss ol hull-clvllization, It is well cuough for those who cabuot do bet- ter, 1tiea sten in advsuce of barbarism. Bt ws for me—woll, 1 trust that I have outgrown that sort of thiug, Lawreoce Mill (the young man acscribed ae +'Alinost an KogMhmau ™) had -a_comfortsble fortune, Ll toais wis fna swall New Enlaud city. Ll was accustomed Lo be looked uv to au & supenor beiug by must ol the peuple arcaud v e Waa thougbt by bis fuvoring. freuds 1o hawe un- uvusl ability, bui ne bud tuus lar been coulenied with Hatering domeatic | roputation, and bed never luken paine to do auye thing to deserve it. Mo bad studied law, Lut mever practiced. He bai desoted bimself to litcrature, but mever privied snythlog worth meptionine. 'fie bad wpent wnch Hws o Tesulns works on politica) ¢conomy, aud had passed wany imtellectual huttrs bu discaarions with uthee w inforined conticwen. cudvaverivg to deduo clearly 1ho wage-fund theury aud 1bo Taw of vaiie, . e bud alao writteu labdred ssaay ou *Ovegproducs tion a Penple 2 eenny which was kindly read bir annacriot by severnl American of the Cabden Club, and lighly peatsd by thom. anid which he had been nrzed to paoll—st e own eapense, © . o In hin fecline he fad a fellowship for eyery {deal human Lefay. fint in s practige ha hold Rlmself aloof from all persons to wiiom he had not bheen formally introduced. . .+ Ila wan broaght up to contend that the Conzn snvaze waa the pofitical equal of the fall- bracuied hete of all the aze« and st the same time to afsume with the most confident pride that Nis #aizhior who lived (n the next etrect and kept 4 #huis wae e snciat Snferlor, He sa nothing - conaiatent In this view sad’ this assamption. /e had taal catin and fiuld ronjitens n lhe correct- ness of hia condust and habits whlch ls yroductire of rability of apiril. . Whethier #a calm and fuld confldence in the ceorrectness of one's eondact and habits” Is sl- ways productive of notulity of spirit s a ques- tion that necd unt now be diserssed with Seudder, Jt s reasonabie, however, to fngtine 1t Lawreace [1ill's ** calm nad Auld coulldence ad nforesnld was notshaken when he had taken an {nteresting voung woman in his arne iy Woestminster Abbey and klssed ber, and then neglected to-offer "her marringe. The voung womun, for her part, need not have beea fo submiesively hapoy over this lnteresting eplsode s she appears to have For the rest, it will b seen that e character of Lawrence 11111 1a full of wood sugestions. I these are not al- wava consisteatly carried out, It is because the author, while vosscssing the Imagination to coneeive, huy waoted the skl to exi e, Reuben Ketrham, the companion of Hill and the typleal Awmertesn of the stury, s less than a gentleman oF 8 man of honor, which we _hape the typical Awerlesa college-graduate and law- Yer not alwava fa. The other characters want Inlividuslity, ond wong of them are (nvariablv interesting.” Mr. Beudder has done & good thing in catchini the heavy Massachusctts swell and potitical evolutionist; but we feas lie tar ubt described the choracter ta the best ndva either by comparison or, contrast. The merity of the book lis in some bits of clever deserip- tlon, in ocvasional feliritius of expression, s in a clear mud attractive style. (New York: 4, P, Putoam’s Sons.) POETRY, Toston furnishes the brals and New York the binding, as hias come to be the fashion, of a new volumeoof poems, **The Ringof Amethyst,” by & new poot, Alic® Wellington Rollius. The toplcs are those that pocts snd thelr hearers love,—flowers, swest women, strong men, the faces of the sky, life, and its joys and shadows rather than its mysterles, There are no long Nights, no Jumps at the cplic, but many songe. That the wsiter Is young appears from the out- pouring of personal expericnco; but that ls the way all poets, excapt Shskspeare, have beaun, Toets inust Intorpret themaclves before they tuterpret the worll, 'There fs no surer sign of poetie fecling than this unconsclous spinning out from within, and there may casily be a more delieate reserve {n Wying your hicart before the world than in glving & secret Lo your nelzhibor. Who can criticlse poet,f It le 18 woreh notiee at wll, you ‘can onlv sy you Mie or dislike; you cannot juuge. thia writer's note, and the varied ond akilifal form of her versc, with ts Jarge share of the sonnet, Those who ke tiie music orwords In measure and rhyime, and to lovk upon the world Idcalized fn the fresh oyes of 8 young poet, to whom {vall scems fjorous and riglt, will find loasure In reading *’The Ring of Amethyst.” Tue preface to the reader fas 1t aply in theso pavea you shonld read Aughtibat seents true to Buman nature. true Ta neavenly Inntincte~IF they apetk to you f Tove, of sorruw, faith ithout u creed, Of doult, of Lupe, of longing—or indeed OF any piln or jov the post knew | - Aheart conld feel—think nos to find a clew T hia own heati—its gladnens or $is neen Trom o deen spring with tanglea weods o'etgrown Fha poct parts tua Teavess IF they who pia Bending wo look down through the tall wild grase. By winde of Heaven falatly overblown, Shoatil start to ree there, dinly {n 8 gii Somie faco—"tls 1ot the poet's, but thelr own, (New York: G P. Putnam’s Bops.) WARREN'S GEOGRAPIIY, The nublishera of Warreu's (icozraphies have made an important and desirable addition to the old work, in the shape of an Iilinols supple- ment, intended especially for use in the public scliools of Illinols. This supplement plves ono 1ull page to a deseriptlon of Chicago, a Chleagu map locating the! different wards, mile- streets, ote, und’ o two-paze Ilinols county, sectlonal, -jld townshlp map, The whole supplemeut cofars sight pages, wnd fsn caraful” and condenfed “statemnent of fact. would bear a little cxpanslon i the hintory-soc tlon, but i other respecta I8 all that conld bo asked, We have longt felt that this was sn fu- provement much needed {o the current school geographiess under the 0)d *aystew, chlldren erew up fu comparative Ignorancs of the State in which they lived ool 10 which they owed their education. Al this order of thiugs is to be done-away., Tho publishers of Warren's Geographles liave doubtless done for other Blates what they have dome for Ulinots, and henceforth the ‘book which does” this tnust successfully will be Hiely to secure adops tion by 8chool Boards, ‘The publisbers already tako pleasure in saylng thut Warren's Schoo) ticography Las beesu tor mavy years and ja now used in the rnbllc schools of Chicagu, St. Louls, Boatoy, Patiadciphls, and mnany smaller cities &nd towns 1n the country, The present edttion, we observe, embodics the results of Staniey' lute explurstions iu Africa, though the Cougoun Lhe map daes DOL continue as fur 1o the west, vorth of the equator, as It stpuld, Valuable parts of this edition alxo ure tie system of map- drawlug, prepared by E. A, and A, C, Apzar, the prououncing vocabulary, and the geograpl- fcal ‘and statisticas tubles.” (Pullagelohia: Co- erthwalt & Co. Bupetiutendent of Western cpartmeat, Francts 5, Belden, 25 Washington screet, Chicago, [l Introduction price, $1.08.) TCCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, A vontinuation of the uscful atudeut’s series in offered by Messra, Hurper & Bros. in “'fue History of the Coristlan Church’ During the First Teu Centuries,” by Philtp Sudth, B, A, /This work tekes up the history of Christianity where or u little beiure the poiut at walch the Btudent’s ** New Testament lilstory™ leaves it, and carrien It forward (o tho Reformation, ‘I'tils is 0 grent subject to write fn the limits of one small voluma, covering us It dous the whole period of Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Ro- man Ewplre, and treating of pecullar religlous developinents which wers without the scope of his inquiries, The writer hus only suceceded fn currvipg out his vlan by practiclug the most rigld compreasion, und steadlly rofusing to be drawn away from his malu theme to tho discus- slon of sfdo fasues, Thus he has not eveu ot- tompted to deal with any of thy cone troversloa concerniug the character of Marvus Auretius, but has beep content. with showine that he persecutod Clirtstiana, and that ha justi- fied s peraceutions by the Pavan vhitosophy, Bo the whole subject ol ueo-Platontsm fs dis- missed In & few pazes of colorless wtatement, The great controversies of the Church coacern- ing the Eucharist, the onlivance of Laptlsm, upd the nature of the ‘Irinity_are more (ully, but stil) bricfly, treated. Oue of the wost satlsfuctory cuspters {u the book Is that which with the rise sug progress of Arianlsn, velopwent of Unitarianlam through Por- phyry snd Mouarchism is also successfully deserlbed.’ Buch vexed questions as areafforded by a study of tby charscters and motlves u{(.‘u stantine and Julian the Apostate eud the carcers of Gregory the Great and Leo the Greut wsre uat alighted, Much psce 18 given to lives of the Fatbers. Tha carly literuture of the Chureh fs comprehien- sively cpltomized 10 separate chapters, sud ity architecture, inuale, und services are notioed fn thelr orlgiu and progress. The work Ls one thay should b placed fu the hands of every lutellse gent youug wan; for uowbere else that we are aware of can the history of the Churcy, which fur the Brst teu or twelve conturivs wus Lhe his- tory of rellziun, o vo surcly and o quickly Jearnod. (New York: Hurper & tros.) LITERARY NOTES, The *Selected Pocms of Satthew Arnold,” In the Franklin Square Library of larper & Bros., ure Just out. Baysrd ‘Tuvlor’s **Prince Deucalion,” » drama fu verse, will be lasucd from the press of Houxliton, Qigoos & Co. duriog the present month, Jutiau Hawthorne will have in the sizth vol- utae of St. Nichous, which degioy with the Nu- vember uumber, a coutinued falry tale, called S Ruwpty Dudzet’s Tower.” 1t will be {hus- trated. P Mr. W, IL Mallock's “ Lucretlus” is_some- thiug wore than & sebash of the old Rumsu poct. He counects the spoculations of Lucre fisa with wodern thougbt, und shows that bu n:lnplb‘ suticipated the puliosopbers of our own U, Reviswlog the **Twenty . Years' Resldence i Gresks, Al Amoug the Bulguriau: “Turk &nml Awerivuns," tue nlwerous words on Turis peared durlug the las: three yesrs It way tuld with suwe contidence that tae last (v the best, Itisa long thoe, ludeed, sinee we have et With sy socogut of the {uhasitants of auy CULLETY a0 $XUAJSLVE, aud 8t the saiae tlue su We like' intereating, as that which fs jonnid In the pres- ent ook, The hook is published (n Enziand in two expensive yolumes, hut is reprinted in this country by the Ilarpers (n thete Franklin Square reries and sold for 8 few c:nts. The Srectator's reviewsof perfodical literature sre aftan amusiny, which s more than can be sald of most reviews of the same character, In the last mumber. for fostance, iLsays f'ack. ol I8 feriounly dull,—that Is to say, it I8 fero- clously dull, and the Contemporary, 1t *ro- grets to say," s singilarly dull. Two truths most plainly exoreese A late number of the New York Tribune con- Luins an article nearly two columns long mak- In{: announcements of autymn books, from which we atean tie following: ‘The first volume of Prof. MosesCoit Fyler's * Jlistory of Amert- ean_Literature " (Pulnatn’s), the first vyolume ol Talne's *Freneh Revolution® (Holt), the campletion of D'Anbigucts *leformation '” {Carter), the tourtl volumne of Lonfres’s * Na- poleon L1 (MacMillan). Mesars, Haraer & Bros. have found [t neces- sary to pubilsh 8 cirenfar ietter warning the public of the existence of & spurious hook wi Dprofesses to be Stauley's account of his Iatest Aftiean explorations, bt which {s an affalr made up of newspayer letters, and Is therefore with- ,out that completences and continuity which sre necessary even to the tolerable comprehension of the narrative. ‘They make no complaiut of injury or wrong done to themselves by the pub- lieation of the baok, but content themselyes with setting forth the facts and warnlug the publle that whoever huys any other work than Through the Dark Continent,” belleving It to be Stanles’s account of hls’ expedition, will throw his “money away, and cheat himacif out of the most fascinatinz story of travel aud ad- venture produced fu modern times, PERIODICALS RECEIVED, We have recelved the Gu!f (Vitizen, published at Mobile, Ale., by I C. De Leon. The Wetern for September-October has bheen received. @, 1. Jones & Co., of 8L Louts, pub- Tahera. ‘The £ brary Journal for August, contalnlog o ereat variety of matier lnteresting to librarians, has rome to hand. Tl Penn Monthly for Beptember has articles on * Henrv Arwitt Brown,” * The Johns Hop- kins Unisersity,” * The Orzanizatlon ot Charity in Phitladelphin,® and *“*'Ihe Poetry of the Turk- ish Peoples.” ‘The Catholic Wor'd for October has articles entitled “ Plain Chant tn Its Relation to Lit- urey,”” “The New Protestant Crticlsm of Christianity," “Tie Pretended Fall of Libe- rius,” and a great number of revicws. Lippincolls for October has the following notabile conteuts: * Warwick and Caventee ™ ‘llhu'mlc:l}. by Lady Blanche Murply; *The Parls Exposition of 1578" (tllustrated), by Ed- ward 4, Knignt; “Lady Morzan,” by Kate A, Saunders: **Cowraunists and Capitalists,”? by Octave ‘Thauet; and “An Adventure in Cy- prus,” by David Ker. The contents ot MNaem'ilan's Magazine for Neptember aru: *Cyprus,” by R. Hamilton Lang, late Consul: * Wilham Cullen Bryant,’ by Nadal; “ Robert Schwinann,” by Ed- mund Guruey; “Two Siles to a Salnt—nt. Fraucts de Bales, by the Rev. L. Woolsey Ba con; “Unknown Gruves—In Cyprus,” by It fl, Hurne; and Recent Homerie “Stadies, * Glnd- stone, Ueddes, Zebb,” by the Rev. J, P, Mahafl. Appetons’ Journal for October bas au fllus- trated article on the sea by 8. G. W, Benjaming a short stary by Clrlattan Relas * French Me- 1wotrs," by Junius Heori Browne; “Cunsolation for the “Nervous,” Uy George M. Beards *ltousckecuing, English and Americap,” by Mury Sheldun3 * A Motley University ¥ (Aber- deen), by D. C. Macdonald and poctry by Nora Perry, FEdzar Faweett, and Coustance Fennl- wore Woolson. A. 8, Darnes & Co.'s sumptuous .Yagazine of Aimerican Latory, which comes too Iate for o 1un notiee, haa the folluwing table ol contents: *Tho Texas Revolution,” hy R. M. Potter; “Deseription of the Falls of Nisgara, 1735, by Bt John de_Creveeaur: *Seven Letters of the American Revolution™; “Itivers and Veople Duiscovered by LaSalle, 1681-/837" (trauslated for the maazine); * Washington's liesl. Estate, }‘?“‘I"“"""“' Querics, aud Replies, and Literary otices. The fivst article in Seridner’s for October s entitled © The Art-ehools of New York," It 13 protusely and Leauufully fllustrated from slictches by the puplls sud teachers of the schools. Other notanle articies in tuls number are: “ Artewius Wurd st Cleveland,” by C, Hutbraufls ¢ Coliege Jouruslisw,” “by L. ¥, 'Tawing: * Recallings from a luhlllx“ an Sumner, Life! by =~ Robert Uale & Sociallam,” by Prof. W, In the department of fletion Laere are contluua- tions of Edward Epvleatoo’s “Roxy, and . i, Boyesen's “Falvonhere,” skl 1sa Cal- deron’s Gierman,” & most amusing short atory by . Il Bishov. Bret Haree contributes o bumorous juvenile poetn, * Miss Edith Becomen Neizhvoriy," aud there 18 a great varety of mue cetlanyous matter. The moat Interesting articlo In the Nineteenth Century for September 1s & review of **Henrl Grevilie's Sketenes of Rusafan Lite, by W. R, 8, Ralston, Tlhe conciusion is that ** 1o foreigy autbor hias ever befors drawn so gencrally pore rect o serfes of Russion female portraitss no wue has made so clear to forelgu eyes the tnner- e of Russiun homes.” " The wonderful success of Mume. Durand (“Henrl Gire- villo”) and the reasons of {t are fully set furth by Mr. Ralston, Other intereating 4 {mportant artd fu this uumber are The Crown and Cabinet ju Capada,” by 8ir Fraucis Hinc The Ceremomal use of Flowers," by Mlss Aznes Luwmbert; =+ Tho New Principle of Industry,” by Ueorge Jucob Holyoake; aud *Eungland’s Misslon,” by Mr. Gladstone. Tue opeutog article, by W. R. Greg, duscussed the ever-new " question, SFurelgn Poliey of (rest Britain—~Imperiul or Economict™ 'The first wrticle in the Atlantic for October fa an exceedingly carcful and uhle resiew of the Boclaliatic apd Coinmunistic outeroppings of the thne, eatltled *Certain Daugerous lendencles fn Amerleau Life” “fhe authior's naue is noy iven, bat the New York Fost cuesscs 1t uiay be Edward Everctt Hale, Juwwes Frecmun Clarke, M, J. Savaege. Houry James' sauirable story, Tune Europesns,’ fa continued (n thi number, 28 18 lso )iur.me Scuditer's * {louse of Loter- we! G, tafument.” Other importaut articles fn tis uuwber * Abuse of Taxatlon,” by Brouks Adams; * Home Life of the Brook Town Asso- by K. 1, Swoddard; +Toe Relusloos of Labor awl Capital,’” by KErastus B, Hurelow; and “The. Meaning of Musle,” by Richard Grant White, The Contributors® " Club i as full and Interesting as cver. Tihe editor this month contiuues the practics of huving a largy pumber uf novels reviewed iu & wepatule wrtlile outslde bis uwu departinent, SPARKS OF SCIENCE. TWO WONDERS AT THE PARIS LXPOSULION There Is s new fuvention now on eshibition in the Parls Exvosition which accomplishes a sesult which has crested vo small degree of astonlshmyent even awong skilled mechanical experts. Discoyeries whleh reveal pew cspa- bilities exlating in appllances the uve of which hus been constaut almost shive tune lwmeisorial ore always tho wost surerisluz, but this ooe advances & atep further juto the wonderful, and shows to bo pussible that which bas hitherto <been regarded pot merely fu the Jizht of a nechianical hnpossibllity, but virtually as logically absurd. By u alinple rotary motlon of a common drill 10w cummon bauce or holder it bores u square ho'e. 11 the invenfor had assembled & multi- tude of levers, and cog-whecls, and ams to trausmit motton, or, Iu other words, it Le bad coutrived a camplicated machine to produce the sawe resuit,—aud §L would bLave beenan easy tnutter 80 to du,—people would uone thu Jesy bave wondered, but ‘st the same tmo they would have Ini‘lncllv:l{ ascribed the accompllab- meut of suine part of the feat tothe mechantam, ‘Flerusls o current but erruneous populur uotloy that the more wacuinery au nventor combines to produce & given restilt, the wore reason 14 there for bis success. telepbone sud tiirophoue bus souew biat sbat- tered this fdes, but it s doubiiul whether even thess wondertul devices will attack popular bes lief in the tnhereus eflcucy of comphicated mechaniam more scrongly than will this lastnew mdarvel. Ingbe slugic sentence above writteu tha eutire cuntrivavee 13 deacrived. There 15 8 drili-holder, walcl way b the ususl baud-bra famihisr L0 every carbenter or wetal-worker, tuougy e tuveator, Mr. Juhus Hail, ot Lou- don, Eng., uses one that s statiovary, and oi whilch tuy drudl is turned by o crauk and geanng. ‘The drill i3 Kuown as the threesquare, " —Lb: 13, 1t bas three cutilng edges, thus, The vbject 10 whivti the Lote {8 10 by bured ts Gicid traly by acbiuck or any l'oll\‘?uluul teans, ‘Thls 18°al —=but the seeret. Al Yt b, bistead of clusp: nserL it o that st will bave suine sidewise DY, —i s word, 40 that its eud will “wabble.”” Now, use tho tool i the ordivary way, aud stesl ot u clrcolar bole befog loruied, a8 certaluly wouid b the vse i tisnely held, a square one witl be 0 why Lhis paradoxical result ¢l 45 DCEiens, bivuilas WDy e 15 uccomplis PAGES. | stand or lfe In the desired position. clations," by uu anunymous writers ** Historv," | ‘Tho slmplicity of the, e e ———— thanfe can test the question for bimself, and very speedily perceive the reston. The slde of the' squarc cut equals the distance hetwren thie cutting edges of the tool, and 1t will be found that while the cutting 15 2oz on nne edge of the 1ool fs alwasa stationary, ftting Into a corner, while the other twoare awinging around It as & pivot, the axis of the driil never vol ing with the central point of the square, Cer- tatnly nothing can be more simule than all this, vet scientists, Inventors, manufmeturers, and mechanics of every grade are ally ¢atheriog In crowda sround the device, seemingly never tired of watching its operation. Thai the In- ventlon is of gome practical utilicy is obvlons, but Just at preaent no one tiunks of that, the majority I’Efllnlln(t 1t a8 n kind of hue mechan- fcal Joke, a0 enmically does It completely srb- vert preconceised {deas of the Impossille. While thie sauare-liole drill holds_caslly the firat place amonz wonders at the Fxpost- tlon, the second must be accorded to two Dins. ter casts which are exhibited in the Russian section by Dr. Lerfttons, of Warsaw. ‘The casty arc of the female tigure, in recurbent position, and are made directly Irom 1ife. 8o, sccurate are they as reproductions that every wrinkic of the skin, even to tho minutest [olds In the palms of the hunds, Is visible. Further than this, all aver the body may be asen the little nrotuher- ances commonly called * goose-lesh,” probably caused by the chill engendered by the cold Yiquid plaster flowing over the form. How the casts werg produced {3 a probiem which the in- ventor haa not vet elucidated, and which causea no small amount of speculation. 1t Is no un- tummon thing to take plaster casts of portlons of the living bodr, sspecially of the face, and there Is no special dilliculty attending the vo- eralion. But how fan cast made of an entire -figure not riglaly stralzhicned out, but repos- Inein ngraceful vosition, with someof the limba bent,—such 2 puse, In fact, as scalptors con- stantly chooss! Supposing the diificulty of keeoibz the model suppiied with af, and other- wise rendered comlurtable during the process of molding, sccomplishied, how were the uatural motions of the hody,—the beav- fog of the chest, fur example,—vreveni- red from destroving the mold! Thew, lastly, how was the mold taken apart anmd - fitsed ro- mether so that Lent fingers, Hosshug Yuir, and other tutricate portiona mlzit all be malutained in thelr fntegeity{ Examination of the casts themaclves teils fery Httle,—there are linea i ceztalt places which scew to Indicate junctlops of the molde, vet in other places whcre the eamp lines, it would scem, ahould necessarily exist, they are abseul. 1t may be concerved that this new process is destined to exerciae no small {nflucnce on the plasticart, Tue ordinary work of the sculptor I8 buw to fInish his statue In clav and to leave o skiller] workmen the manual task of transferrinz the figure by a serfcs of accucate measurenients to the marble, The sculptur tupivs in many cases from the living model, whom be (-nlu‘ul:s "l“ e is slming at o ldeal tigure, one perlectly propors tluned gecording to all the cauons of art, of conrse hie departs from the lines of tne model,—~ since It may be questioned Yihether an fdealiy perfect humau fizure exists,~and tnsuch carethe surgestion about to b madedoes notapply. But 1t tne afus of the artist Is to reproduce Nature,— and perhaps this fs tho hizher art,—then 1t may be ssked. Is nol the labor of the seulptor even aa a modeler now rendered unnecessary ! It would s¢cin that he has ouly to adjusc his mode, to procure » cast, aad place that zast 1 the Liands ol his workuien, to secure u repros duction of the *huwan form divine” far more perfect than avything he could make fu clay, 1t must foflow that the expressivn of the face, uecessarily placed lu the motionless model during the casting, must be given by bLis own chifscl, but, on the other hand, it may be urized that even thls work, however skilliuliy exe- cuted, wowid contrast unfavorably with the rest ol the body molded by Nature hcraclf, (learly, Dr. Lerittonx bas not completed ki task. Let lim Ond some rapld meabs of cast- ing u face together with ita” cxpression, und he wiil Lave given to the wourld the means of makiug the closest reproduction of Nulure vet known. It will be to the plaster ur¢ niore thun photography Is to the pletorial ars, for it will give a mold frons Nature, snd not the tnage of Nature, always distorted by the optical inaceu- racies of the lens. PanK BENJAMIN, THE ELECTRIC LIGHT. Ts the Lditor of The Tridune, Wasminuron, . C., 8ept. 16~ bad the pleasure this evenlug, upon fuvitation aod in cowmpany of a number of other persuns fu this city, of witnessing a private exhibition of elec- trie Hyht, upon a plan iuvented by, and recuntly patented to, Dr. P, O, Jeukius, a vitlzen of Ithinols, temdorarily residing biere. Dr.Jevking, bulug o sclentist, chemist, “and electriciio, bt reflected and experimented much upon the sub- {ect ot utillzlng for peactival purposes whet hag long beew known tu be next to sunlight ju britllancy, his nttention belng particularly - rected to the discovery of a methud by which the flickerlng and Inconstancy of a tight made upon the blunt ends of carbon sticks could by overcomne, the result belnz wisat 1 witnesse: ‘The extibltion of his plan .was o complete tri- uml)h. and the lizht produced was unifure brilliant, and can be continued without vess: tion duning au eutire night, or anv desired leagth of time. Uther wethods having beew pretty extensively descrived 1 nowspapurs, and, having seen this heht, examiued the {acxpeusive muchinery and tixtnres, methud of coutinuiug 15, aud believing a brict deseriptive notice of 1L would™tnterest the huudred ur more thousand readers of Tux Thivuxs, | von- turo thus to notlee it. For the purpose of making o more efficlent light, tho tngenious Invenior uses polnted fn- stead of blunt carbon, but us the points will bn consued aud the caroon become bluuted, tnus makling the light incilicient and Nable to be us- tuguished, he has overcowe those ditlivultics by naving all bls carbon poivts wolded i thy anape ol cones, sy cxeavated that ove wil e closely loto snother, the potnt of the one inside being bronghit so near that of the oue tu frent that the puint of the tnatde one ts tuited by the timo the front ons has uecowe so blunt that its efticiency 15 lust, These cones ara slitted throuzh thelr walls from tho base to near tha olnt, on opposite parts of the cireunilerove, #0 that the consumpiion of the pomi reaches the torward ends o1 the shits tmwicdutely sfier the tull Ienitfon of the vext poing, ana the sides of the frout une then drop ot~ These cones, by a stmple contrivance, are firmly locked to- getuer, aud, all belog molded exactly alike, fit Into each other very cioselyi thus a cyhlinder posed of 'uzem, of anv e e lewtn, may e conssrueted., Al ecussary 10 Keo nenr each other, Wil msy be ubic «lo otk macainery, 5o regulated s to grad- ually move the cviinder of carbou points fors ward and maiutalo the proper distuute between them, 1 bave thus very briefly given in my stvie— not belugg un electricen uyaell—a description ol tue wuin features of the plau, and wii udd taat the cxuitation which I witnessod [nily demonstrated its uthity. Tho carbon poluts used on thie oceasion tade & briltiant and cou- wtant Mzht, [ observed {t very closely st the time one polut shovid be ignitsl, und the sides of the vue {u front be relsased and drop out of the way, snd tpou erery oceasion thoy aid su. b Lhe proper thae, Witliout auy nterterence fn the coustancy of the bt The uventor clams ¢ upo his play two eylloders couppwsed of 1l L ese cunies Jucked tozether sy be phaced w position, and with s sttentlon, belns kept in by the clock-wurk, furniai B ilghl. fur an cntire It would seein tuat the ticulties fu tho other modes in uso for utilizing wicetric Jzht bave been by thls method ully overcoma; bul as § write not us au clectriciun, nor toadvertisc this lnvention, 1 will adid that 1his 14 8 voulBun-seuse view ol the matiu least, uud voe that ay practical wind would baws of it upah seving t demonatrated as { i, “The people are uow clamoriig for sune chiss acter of hiht that witl be supwrior b and cheap- er Luan gus. A to thy supcrlonty o i tric tibt thens van be no yuestlow, . 1 lave wie tadtied fuforiuation as to ie cust ok aa-light, and very nearly the expeise ol Lurnlshing it by electity, sud wy wfotwation leuls to the conclualuly that tbe lutter cun be Juruished wy Lalf the average cust of the furier, Fur wany purpuses, sud pacticalarly (o faclo- rics uud otber places wiere steatr-pover is uved, . ~uud tuers I3 & anitleicnt surplus of such power toupply i opersting & waguetle batters,—iy aay be had lue even a fess cust, Jax, [Yte improvement of poluts sbove uoticed way prove to bave some value o coudection withs Mr. Edtaon's late discovery of & metsod for dividiog the clectrie light.} SCIENCE NOTES, Of the varlous schemes which have been pro- pused to diwiokh the Golss of the tralns on the clevated rouds, the Manwfacturer and Builder calls atteutivn to oue suggusted by Mr, Vg Huu- \ner, » manufucturer of clectrie clocks, - Md » clever juventor and workmsn. AMr. Himmer proposes 1o 12y u twihited, o wire rups fo & gruuve un Lop of the rau, 80 thut the whcels of Lue cuss. nuu{‘.run on this rope and ot sest VU e ruli tac . < The scieatitic facilities of Zurich are to be fu- creseed by the erection of w umgudlecut uew chewleul Juborstory for L'ruf. Victor Meyer. For this purpose the Cantonal Government has graanted o mwple site sud L0e sutn of GX,000 francs, which wmount wiil by fncredsed by ap- vropriations from the Prof. Meyvr, althougn Lut B0 years of 4 one uf the Mot of the prascnt day, aud his present laboratar: I: thronged with students of varfous natlonali- ties, “The nppolntment of Priucipal Lihrarian and Scccctnry of the British Muscum, vacant by the slznation of Mr.J. W. Jones, has teen” con. ferred npon Mr. Edward A, Bohed, Keeper ot the Manuscripts, Mr. Honl lias been in tim publi: servjee for upwardsof forty yeors. It waa ovlng 1o his labors and enerpetfe” snperyu ton that the atupendons compilation of u vlasse catalogae of MIN. was earried out suctessinily. Mr. Bond's paloeraphienl arcomplishinents aro well knawn Lo tue literary world.—Athenaum. ‘The Engllsh Arctic exploting-atilp Alort 16 bes Ing sitted out for a ngw rurveying teip, iich Nature savs will be carried uut pelncinally In Yhe SBomih Pacitic, Her firat worls will be an exan- Inatton of the inner water leailing from the Straits of Magellan to ths Galf ot:Penas, along the seabourd of Chili; froms Lhis eho will streteh across the South Pacltle Ocean from Fiji, adding cnrouts as far s practicuble to the present knowledge of the nydmlgmphr of 1he Low Archipelazo—~8oviety and Friendly Ialunds, An englnecr has appifed the teleohone to testing tie torpedoes by sound. The [nstru~ ment Is placed with the vibratig dtapiracm apwatd, aad the latter {s so loadad With w - Ier of sniall movable welgbta that every motion of the torpedo causes o vibration of “the disk anda correvporiding nofse In_tho telephons vn shore. Every torpedo inus becontes fts own lrutieatar, for it no suuad (8 heand {n the recvir- inz fnstrument tha fact ls evident thac the Lor- 0 has grounded. or the connections have Leen aevered. The wices used Lo tve tho fuses are avallable for the telephone, and one ol those lnstrumetnia unt shore, eoolied cons tively to the differcnt cables, will serve to re- rt the conditon ol any number of turpedocs jafd down fn a port. A writer In the last Contributor’s Club of the Atantic makes this numusing _note on Heory Juines’ eritletsm ot Tourguenerl: s ‘The paper on Tourgucnef 14 & strong contrib: tlon, alaa? to the *“Tourguenell jiteraiure ¥ of to day. In it he saya, wigal ** Nothiug 1o iy oplutun Gitltisales the taste more [alas:) tian 0 read hin, " (The sighn are inine, ) Mr. Janice bus leb Bimsel? outu breadth hiere, Whether lie halances it with sumething terrihie an the next pace, as usasl, I do 004 remeaaer: but 7 will balance It with sometinag swhich 7 consider terrible (althiough | prasinie o dues 1oty from it 0wl ednsy. IEirad w0 dreadiul that § wrate I¢ down, **ite [Toarguened;is s storysteller who han taken notes. If weare not tnistaken, i writea down au dfosyncracy of c acter, u frazment of fak, an stitade, o featnrg yes, capeciallv noses|, a gesture, and_keeps i1l teed e for twenty yeats, 1t Just the taoment for aing 1t comen, Jusi the apot for pluciug It ™" I're- cloely, That fs th way it rvads, -0 pathwork cf tacts, attitudes, 2nd featarss. 'Uut where in the beauiv? Whero 18 the fuleremt? Where {o tho vasslon? Where the continufty? And more than ail, whore {s the happineas? A sclentlfic journal mentions asa singular physical fuct thiat open air, which Is so favoravle o health, las nurx:remlvutunuw cllest tn early youtl. Watle the chlidren ot pareats ta comfortable elreumsia earcfully housed and tended, are B0t so BLYou {0 malurer years s ehildren of the poor, allowed o it-door 1 dom and to run ot larze, they are usnaily tulier thuu the latter, Laborers’ children, for exam- ple, who play in the strects of towns or fu the wpen fields of the countey during the day, aro commonls short fur their ace, guiniog o breadth what they lose in heleht; and the chil dren of working formers exbibic like pe. larities. _Alter the) ve been In a state of arreats develupinent for sixteen to elrhween o¥ears, the luds In particular suddealy sioot up and becone bz, burly fellows. Hence ft would seem that fu-duor life forces growth ut_tho wrons period, and Is thetefore Injurlous, Tne sdewtitic jour- nel's juference is searcely correct. Catldran of well-to-du persuns are not tall, as has beeo sad, Lecause they are kopt tu the house, but becaase they are well eareid for physically i every way, "The elutdren ot the poor are hindered fy erowih by lack of proper nuurishment, not by plety of air and sunshine. ‘Dne best rule is 10 atlow the children havang material comforts abundant out~ door exervise, aud tais, with their othe: ud- vantages, will make t both scrong and tall when strenzth and tulloess ore most required.— New York Times, THE NEW PLANETS, Nature ond other Lnghsh authorlties oow seewn tuclined to sdwit that Prol. Watson really has discovered uot one, bal twe, Intra-mereu- rlal pluncts. The hotiors of the discovery will doubticss bo elyimed tn part by Mr. Lewls Buwitt; of Ruchester, who positively atlirmed the day of the observationa that he had seena strange bady in preclsely the place descrlbed utterwards by Prof. watson, Me. SWiit's dis- coverywas daly reported fn Tig Tiouse at the titne. O this exfremely wteresttine sub- Jeet Me, Swife writes unuer date ot Seot. 19: Ilave recelved threo Jettera from Watson, ans 10-08y, Where he clalma (ll uews 1o we) Wit us saw 1w \ ulcans (@) neae Thoia Cancrs and (L) noar Zeta Canerl, 1o ladier vae muzntiade ot erthan tn), Itwae ) that fwaw, We di very Littie (1 1t posliion, vut he cluims u quality of joiemitade i uune, Lexamined | udka Moniiay murnlig at 5535, and fonnd )t without o~ cothpsnton, as Lyvasvuee should, Yours, ce., Lawis bworr A TIDAY, MOTOR, To (e Editar of The Teiune, Cumicago, Sept, .—~The trimph of Edlion in sendlug light and power by clectricity to any distance enabics the utltizatlon of. tue natural power which fa 1epresented in tho tidus of the seas. A tidal motor, which the genius of the present era could vasliy eoutrive, woult furntsh all the power for slutionsry ¢n- zinds, and tor producing all the Lt wanted fur the whole country, ‘Two yeara ago | Wi posed ways, aud proved thent, 1o convert this uatural iwoter fote o vaeuun power, which by wusns of plpes coald ub soy dist bractivally Gaed, as stea (3 Uded Bus. Wwad an fnfant bfed, bay it was an aaticipation of whnat was tu vomte. ‘Tut gentns of an Edlzon [ will enoble s {ufant fdea to attan a full Rrowiu, A BTRNPEL. St YOU DO HOT KHOW, You do not know—you never will— Al that you are v mes Thie sscest of my lwve tor you MY Very own must e, T dara not teli 1 to nvself, s Wy conrtant feat That i'en Biat gussiper, 1he Wind, Will sudse day cliastice 10 bear, My beast U've futored, D Ay eyer can Lierl your Aud evon yau cvdia eve You ura the favorgd une 1 champ your land v ¢ Vang s ef <do bt o, T otaer thaw the teader faend, And trde, 1 alwaye seem. w0 well, You do not know—yun never will 11w enle tng Ede ) Por unly bherk wiy Your uani will inderstaud; La Cuossx, W\ s, ——— Uabs wt Chicuga, cinrinautt Saturday Night, Chteagoans waw Lave uot ke adventage of the Baniraat lww are looked Upous with suapis clon Ly thel? nesghoors, Kealuk Cumstitution, A Chidengo man had a terrible temntat) atucr day, e Wl teimoted W bt be resiatecd, und the papers wers dupt sensation, Neww Yort (immercial Adrertior, Nothiuyg could exceed the enthusiasm of the Preswleutal seceptivn lu Chwagoe. Kighteen buckets were pieked, Al tlis butoes Luaped upou tho head of Gyu. Gruut by Rings uud Courts muast pale thelr m- eifectual tires uclore tue nosle speets.te ot Presidont luyes shaking haods with several hundred banseugts tn Chicuszo, Roston Aoty Scene, Parlsian cafe, Euter Cileagu man, hungey und tired, when the followjug couver: i Man—" Uarsoy, dounncs wol nuelque chose o munger, Ju auls femme!? Garsouy (grivulug all over)—** Vraluent, moi- steur!?” Chicugo Man (exasoerated)=Qul, oul, Rargong, )& wdis pratd femme” Garang (tickled clearto his slirt-studs)—+* Mon Dicu, monsleur, vous etes blen deguise,” ————— - What Worth Told Mrs. Houper. Luey Hoogers Paris Lotier 40 PAiludelydia Telearamn, Worth tells we tuut ted Ls 10 Ue extremely fayblubable lor eveulng-dress wear during the coming scason. VIvid rict hucs will, in fact, roplace the dull, fuded tiuts that have bren 1askion for ro luniz, Labies must fouk up the woire-antiques and watered sliks of their woths ©rs, a8 woll as the brocudes ul thelr graudmusn- A «ers, stuce thosu wuterisls are comlug o lushs . o ugui, Sutins aud velvews whi be largesy useil for eventug dressy mofre-autique und watered stk tritiiued with velvet ur sailn, tur dinner or reception dressess ayd cioth or casns wiere in dark colors, trimmmed with duil-tioted brocaded, for strees wear, Plaids bave bud their day, aud are waklug their appearance - the chedp shops. Buits of sllk wud cusbmers ury o lauger considered sty us slrect-oos- Lumes 86 LOW L0 b composed o wue waterlal throuzuout. Dark broyu will be much wors jn the streee tbls year, us it comblucs o well with the brocudes that aro vow used fur truidiug. Kilt-plulted ebtria sud buf-luog, ball-ditiug ublidr ung Well-houwn prafeasora ol susiuiatsy | aesets will be fushinable fur walkeg drvas,