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THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY. JULY 21, 1878-SIXTEEN - Qe Tribue, BY MAIL—IN ADVANCE~POSTAGE PREPAID. Dafly Edition. ore year.. -$12.00 Purts of a vear, per month..... " 1. ditlon: Literary and Keligions Doubie e yea: Parts of a Fear, pir month, 2 . WEBELY EDITION, - POSTPAID. One copy. per year. Club or four.. Spectmen cop! tirce. Give Post-Uttice address in full, {ncluding State asd County. T:emiitances may be made cither by draft, express, Fost-Ofiice order, or in rextstered letter. at our risk. > TEEMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Dafiy, delivered, Eunday excepled, 25 cents per week. Daily. delivered. Suncay included, 30 cents per week. Address THE TKIBUNE COMPANY, . Corner Madison and Dearbora-sts.. Chicago, 1il. - Orders tor the delivery of Tux TRISUNE at Evanston, ‘Englewood, and Hyde Pars feft in the countiog-room will recelve prompt atrention. poai—c TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. Tur Cuicaco TRIBUNE has establishied branch ofices for the recelpt of subscriptions snd advertisemznts as follows: NEW YORRK—TRoom 29 Tritune Bullding. F.T.Mo- B FADDIN, Manager. PARIS, France—No. 16 Rue dela Grange-Bateliere. H. Manven. Agent. LONDON, —American Exchange, 449 Strand. Hexey F. GILLIG, Agent. SAN FRANCISCO, Cal.—Palace HoteL .00 SOCIETY MEETINGS. A F. & A M. Wil picnic on” Wednesdzy Train APOLLO LODGE. NO. 042, give 1ts seventh annual basge jext, July 26 at Turaer Park. Couth Chicago, c: v: 5L acpot 9 a. m. sliafp, Seun] placea. 5750 cents. Children, ea e usunl places. Adults, Band will accompany. DEARBORN LODGE, NO. 310.A. F. & A. 3. bers are hereby notfied to meet at Masonic Mouroe-sL.. this (Suuday) moruing &t 10:30 sharp, to artend the funeral of our late brotner, James . Me- Xay. 3lembers of York Chapter nd sister lodges are Iratermaliy favited to acien Funeral from. b late Teatdence, No. 529 Wabashi-av., at L2 m., DY ca Vakwoods. AL FORSTTIL W. 3L E. L. PETRIE, Becretary. ST. BERN XDERY, No. '35, K. T.-— Autention,” Sir creby natified to ineet alodr Asylum. Sunday, July_ 1. 8t 10:30 & @ {oaucud 1h¢ funerai of our late Sir Kniaht James I a1 McKay. Sir Knlzhtaof sister Commanderie: Sicd JUILN 5. WHITE, E. invitedto joln with us. VAN RENSSELAER GRAND LODGE OF PERFEC- A. & A. Scoten Rt Masous, hol d 8 Special SUNDAY, JULY 21; 1878, In New York on Saturday greenbacks closed at 99} cents on the dollar ir gold and siiver coin. ‘While the weather in Chicago was not all Jthat could Le desired yesterday, it was o slight improvement upon- that of Friday, aud a cool breeze prevailed. Visitors to the Paris Exhibition are experiencing some of the discomforts that attended sight-seeing at Philadelphia in 1876. Some of the evidence presented at the trial of Frrz Jomx Ponrrs, at West Point, seems to show that that General has been anjustly under a cloud during these last fteen vears.. Itwould be strange indeed if the present Court wera to find that he was innocent, after all; yet even a late exculpa- tion is better than none, ever if it involves the reputation of another officer of name and fame, No wonder that little Servia objects to payivg $5,000,000 of the Turkish national debt! The province hes declared itself in- dependent, and in 2 favorable condition to commence incurring debts of its own. Un- doubtedly the theory of the Congresswas that when the Turkish loans were negotiated Servia was a part of the Empire, and hence is still linble for its share, whether or not it ever received any benefit from the loans. Some mora serious trouble may be reasona- bly anticipated in Washington similar to that which arese between ex-Senator Srwoy Can- eroN and the Widow Owwvee Sixty or seventy exasperated young women were re- cently bounced. from. the Treasury Depart- ment, and they do not take their removal a: all kindly. - It is hinted that unless some of them are speedily reinstated there will be other hearts that will sche among Senators and Congressmen. A New York dispatch says that Collector Anrruz transferred his office to Gen. 3ez- nrITT, who thereupon entered upon his duties as Collector of the Port. Collector Merrirr appointed Jonx J. Ossonx in place of Jorx R. Lypecgez, Deputy Collector in charge of the Third Division. Osporx had previounsly to make room for LyDECKER. Gen. CHanLEs K. Granax, of New York, has been appoint- ed Surveyor of Customs, vice Mzaaryr, ap. pointed Collector. Gett:: g rid of LyDECKER will be worth millions tu 'he revenue from customs. Herenfter impori.zsin the Western cities will have some chance of competing with the “ drawback and damage allowance” ring in New York Thero is & small class of irreconcilables in England whose chief duty consists in op- posing every scheme of the party i power. Of that class GrapsToNE is the real loader, alihough he continually disclaims the title, Iu his present crusade gainst BEACONSFIELD heis not followed by the majority of the Liberals ; in fact, for practical purposes, it ‘would be more appropriate to call his follow- ers theanti-Beaconsfields. Yesterday evening B . he'made nlong and bitter speech before an obscure Liberal club in London, and in the course of Lis remarks declared the Berlin Congress a failure, and the act of the English Government in establishing a protectorate of Turkey to be what no despotic Power in Enrope would have dared to do. The con- vention with Turkey, Lo said, was an “in. sane covenant,” aud no great English states- man of the last forty yeers would have eigned it. The speech of Mr. GLADSTONE Wwas unnecessarily violent throughout, and will Liardly aid him in recovering the political prestige that he bas of late years been striv- ing so assiducusly and with such unexampled % success to squande Asin Englnpd there -is o party, or rather's 3 section of a party, which is opposed to the British Protectorate of Turkey, so in Russia there are malcontents who loadly complain against the Russian concessions- in the Ber- lin Gongress. " It is but following out o nat:. * wal law ‘for the ‘“onts” to demounce of the ““ing” - swhether <be "good "o bad and ‘no sur., prise nedd e “occasioned by either of these atsurdities of politics; buf the'fact must be evident o all réaders'who have followed the' various phases of the Enstern: complications tliat Englsnd has achieved & great and blood- less triumph, ‘while Russia hns accomplished all that shie’ started out 'io. do, and counld therefore well'afford to make the few conces" sions .asked .- by, -the - 'combined - Powers of Europe - through their ' representatives st the récent Congress.. Pablic sentiment in Russie, 83 nearly as can be determined, is . haps largely favorable to the terms ‘of. thie tréaty as finally agreed upon, and it does not appear. ihat even'the mass of ‘the Panclavists' are disappointed, although a few agitators have denounced the judicious compromises of the. Russian Government. * ‘As for the:mercantile classes, they are’said tobe greaily pleased at the final disposal of the Russo-Turkish feud. ' ' THE HOUSE-BURNERS, ' There has been for some, time past an at- tempt to organize in the Common Council & faction ihat may fairly be called *“The ‘House-Burners.” Ald. Curiezroy, a sorb of gnerrills in politics, who retains a lien on ' seat in the Council by pandering to the Pro- letarint element, introduced an ordinauce & few weeks ago materially modifying the prés- ent. fire-limits, which are co-extensive with the city himits, and reopening the south- western portions of the city to the construc- tion of pine buildings. "The Committee on Fire and Water reported . adversely on- the proposed ordinance, but the strength of the #‘House-Burners” in the Council was signi- fied by their snccess in securing the appoint- ment of a Special Committee which is to give the matter further consideration. The Aldermen appointed on this Committee by Ald. TuLEY, the President of the Council, are Taroor, Rawrriar, Knorr, Sraunes, Eisz- ~eR, Nreses, WETTERER, DALY, JANSSENS, GIL- DERT, SANDEDS, PreLrs, and TuBNER. Some of thess members are known to be opposed to the ‘ House-Burners'” policy ; others are believed to be willing, for demagogical or corrupt purposes, to consent to this delib- eratorenewal of Chicago’s grentest danger; others are doubtful, and, perhaps, subject to “influences.” The result of the Commit- tee's action may be determined by a vote of 7 to 6, and it is n mattdr of doubt on which side the majority will range itself. This question affects the most vital inter- ests of Chicago. The proposition to narrow the fire.limiis, and permit the ercction of pine shanties and fire-trups within & large portion of the city, already built up, for the most part, with inflammable structures, has been introduced under the pretense that the poorer classes demand it. This is untrue. It is notorious that the majority of the poor- er people are now, and have been for some time past, merely wmaking a living at the best. The number of poor people who are now . prepared to build themselves houses is proportionately smaller than ever before. It is impossible, then, that <hera should be any special demand among the poorer classes at the present time for the privilege of constructing pine houses instead of brick houses, as they are not pre- puared to build houses of any ki:d. There are large numbers of the poorer people who already own their houses. Thesowere mostly built before the hard times eame, and before the fire-limits were extendéd to the ex- treme boundaries of the city, which was done in 1874, Nearlyall of them are wooden struciures, We venture the assertion that not n single man among all thess poorer house-owners is anxious, or even willing, that his own danger from fire shall be in- croased by permitting others to erect addi- tionel frame houses on all sides of him. Thers are still larger numbers of poor people who occupy frame houses as tenants, and live in these very southwestern districts of the city which are already so dangerous. These tenants own their household goods, however, and we venture the further asser~ tion that ninety-nine out of every one hundred would vote, if the opportunity wera given, aguinst any proposition to ereot new pine houses adjoining theirs, because of the increased jeopardy in which their per- sonal property would be placed thereby. The claim that this movement is in the in- terest, or at the instance, of the poorer classes is manifestly false. ? The fact is that . the faction in the Council that should be known as the ** House-Burn- ers” are working in- the interest of certain land-specnlutors, who are willing to sacrifice atonce the interests of the business men and of the laboring classes to acquire a small personal aud seifish advantage. A certain class of persons who own unoccupied ground in the outlying wards of the city desire the old-time privilege of setting up pine balloon shanties on stilts, that they may rent them a little lower than the houses built in & more permanent manner, and thus make their present unoccupied groand profitable at the expense of those who have already made improvements. [n order to acquire this advantage they are- ready to bribe the class of members of the Council who are ‘‘always on the make” with lots, and perhaps with money, to fur- nish them with the privilege of building combustible shanties iustead of real houses. 1t is of no concern to these selfish, heartless speculators that the safety of the eity will be {hreatened even ; it is a matter of indif- ference to them that the selfish advantage they ask will constantly incrense the dangers of a general conflagration in those very por- tions of the city that are already most dau- gerous; they do not care whether the insur- ance companies double their charges or with- draw from the city altogether, since their only purpose is to build houses from which they expect to realize the entire cost in the rental of a couple of years. It is this class of land-sharks, and not the ‘“poor people,” over whom certain Aldermen shed crocodile tears, who are urging the contraction of tho fire-limits ; and every Alderman who joins the *“House-Burners” will subject himself to the suspicion of havingyielded to the pecaliar “influences ” which the land-sharks propose to use in order to carry out their scheme. ‘In urging the sdoption of this new ordi- nance, reference was made to the location of the lumber-yards, and a West-Side Alderman said “he couldn’t see why *poor people’ should not be allowed to erect frame build- ings as long as lumbermen were allowed to have lumber-yards within the present limits,” The * poor people,” it will be remsrked, are lugged in and made to do service at every turn in the incendiary controversy. - But, if it be admitted that the lumber-yards are a source of dnuger, is their existence, or is that fact, n resson why an additional source”of danger should be incurred by permitting the “erection of thousands of pine shanties? But thie truth is, and experience has demon- strated, that ; the danger of wi_de-spr_anql conflagration, is not to be found in the Ilumber-yards, +which ‘consist of compact masses of boards, but in the open -pine shells, which the frame ‘¢ottages really are, set up on posts and act- ing like so many firebrands and fiues for the communieation of the flames. - All our large fires have owed both their origin and exten: sion to this'class of, houses ;, we have already. _too many of ‘them. located in:the’ very dis:- tricts irhich'the prevailing southwest winds’ .in Chicago make most dangerous, and it will De‘almost l:_rimmnl to authorize “their ‘indefi- ‘nife increase, It is' pretty certain’ that the most prudent and . secure " fire ‘companies would withdraw. their~ risks" from this class. of houses altogether, and ;‘pe:. refase to do any bosiness in the city.". It is ‘absolutely certain that the rates of insursnce would bo enormously in- creised, thus imposing 8 new and frightfal tax tipon all property and all business. - The - manufacturing and -the' comiercial houses of Chicago, would: have a new and constant item of expense, even if the change did not result in increased _destruction of properly,. and this new expensd would fall mainly upon’'the very * poor people” whom the demagogues are trying' to'use and abuse .in this matter. Never befora could brick houses be built so cheaply as now. The city has incurred -an expense of millions of dollars for sewerage to enablo the construc- tion of - brick basements in the outlying wards, Chicago hes just begun to outlive the bad repute of . two great fires ; and now, in the face of these facts,.a small class of land-owners want to bribe the-Council to undo the good work of - years, and revert to the old and fatal system of bnilding fire- boxes. The Aldermen must be reckless of their roputation who will lend their aid to so villainous 2 scheme. . EXAGGERATION OF HARD TIMES. Demagogunes of the Sax Cary, Dav. Vooxr- mees, and “ Brick” Poaeroy school have been seeking for yoars to acquire additional consideration for their financial vagaries by exaggerating the amonnt of idleness and suffering which they have falsely charged to a contraction of the currency that has never taken place. These people deal in-round numbers. They have told us that thore are, and have been for a loog time, three millions of unemployed men in the country who can- not obtain work, and whose families are starving for that reason, Every intelligent person has rocoguized this as an exaggera- tion ; but wehave conceded too much to the demagogues. Most of us, influenced by reit- orated statements and inclined to believe the worst, have admitted that there are prob- ably 1,000,000 unemployed men in the coun- try, and from this assumption o greater awmount of distress has been argued out than ectually exists, and falso conclusions have been drawn as to the causes thercof. This matter has 1eceived some attention recently from Col. Carrorr D. Wrionr, Chief of the Labor Bureau, who has been investigating the condition of the workingmen in Alassa- chusetts. The statistics of Massachusotts furnish a fair gauge for the entire country, since, ns a manufacturing State, the laboring classes there must be as seriously affected as are thoss of any other State in the Union. ‘The following paragraph briefly recapitulates the result of Col. WriGaT's investigation: Reports not long ago, ne satd, were circulated to the etect that 300,000 ancmiployed men, skilled and unskilled, wero rozming ‘about in Maussach setts. This statement, he arged, had done an i calculable amount of harm. ile said: **1caused an investigation to be made, and I that the number is actuaily from 15, 3 50 oer cent of them beinzs men who were honestly searching for work. This is, 1 have no doubdt, the “casc all over tho conntry, sothat outlittle faith can be placea in stories of such n startling and incen- diary aspect, Taey are circulated for interested reasons, and, I aw gorry to sag, meet everywhere with much credence. Agam, it s £aid that the in- Guetrial condition of the conntry is worse ‘tnan it ever way before. This fe also Talze, for here in Maaeachusetts I have absolute knowledwe taat be- fore six months nearly all the mills in the State will be running on full time.™ On the basis of Col. Wrient's estimate for the State of Massachuselts, the total number of idle mon honestly seeking work through- out the United Btates does not exceed 180,000, and, on the basis of his' New York investigation, the total number comes with- in 250,000 at the outside. During a period of sixty or ninety days in winter, the number is increased by perhaps 200,000.or 300,000, by reason of suspension of work necessitated by the senson, and it is probably on this basis that the exaggeration of the demagogues has been founded. But the temporary sus- pension of work during the' severe winter season is not peculiar to bard times, and it is counted upon by byth employers and em- ployes. It may be concluded; then, that tho real workingmen, ready aud- anxious to be employed, but unnble to secure employ- mont, do not number more than 250,000 on an average. The assertion of the demagogues that there are 3,000,000 of nnemployed men, and even the general impression that there are at leazt 1,000,000 of 1dle workingmen, becomes ‘manifestly erroneous in the light of statistics. The total number of men who earn their living by manual Inbor in all the cities and towns of the United States is not more than 3,000,000,—the number stated:to be idle. The total number of adult males in all the citics and towns is only 4,000,000. The number of adult males who live on lands, by farming or gardening, is between 4,000,000 and 5,000,000, but it cannot fairly be said that any portion of this class is idle; farm- ers and gardeners work all the year around in one way or another. If there were 1,000,- 000 of unemployed men in the cities and towns, one out of four of all the adult population would be idle. Every one can judge of the falsity of this assump- tion by his own observation. If one out of every four men weroe unemployed in this or any other large city, and unable to earn a living for himself or his family, peace and order would not prevail to the extent that we enjoy them ; the Commaunists would not be a straggling fow, making themselves known simply by their loud and biatant speeches, but swould be & formidable army of desperate and hungry men, ready for plun- der, riot, and pillage. But Col Wricat's estimate, based on actual statistics, comes within reason and probability. It may be that the hard times have left an average of one in a hundred, or one in 150, who can- not find employment, but the number is not always the same. A man, out of work to-day may be . employed to-morrow, so that the hardships do not fall entirely upon a certain number, but are distributed among the en- tiro working population,—all suffering to some extent, but comparatively only a few actually reduced to a relisnce upon public or private charity. In exposing the exaggzrations of the dem- agogues, deliberately made for purposes of their own, andin gratefully accepting Col. ‘Wrienr's predictions of rapid improvement, it will be just as well not to go to the other extreme, and persunde ourselves that the conditions for laboring people in this cour- try are soon going to be not merely the best in the world, but as favorable as they ever have been in the past. No sooner shall the impression prevail ‘that’ there is abundant employment. at good wages for everybody in America than fleets, of ships from abrosd will bogin to pour ‘in upon us, bringing- workingmen and their families by tens of thousands. . Nearly.all of ‘thém will come empty-handed, - for . the - condition of the working classes " abroad’ has - been; ‘even worse than amoag us, and in. such numbers as to’ again brenk down the market for labor'and’ produce neéw. dis- tress. This is a practical and serious view of the ease. ‘The‘comic'side of the situstion is that the Sax OaEys, the.Dix Voonmees', and *“Brick” PoMeroys propose to relieve the distress that actually exists , by watering the currency . and reducing. its purchasing valug,; 0 that the laboring men, when they Bavg smployment and get paid for their work; « cannot i proture &s -much for. their money as’ they do_now. Thése fellows ex- aggerate the actual distress by twenty-fold to find' an excisoV for suggesting a remedy that will b infinjtely worse than the present disease, <= L ' HOT ST. LOUIS, ° :‘»Thm seems to, bp o disposition upon the partof some thoughtless newspaper-editors in Cincinnati, foit, Louisville, and St. Louis to indulgeint the' most extraordinary lévity because Chioago has had Zwo days of weather when the mercury got above 90, while they. have;had nearly two weeks of weather in the 90s. +: The saddest fenture of this levity is the St. Louis part of it. We are astonished that, while they are undorgoing 8 thermomotrical infliction that ought to vivi ly remind them of another and lower world, they should still” sticlke to their chronic Labits, and kesp on lying, even when they are broiling in the sun's ardont heat. How a newspaper like'the Globe-Democrat, with five of its editors ih {he Dispensary taking ice douches, can delibgrately concoct the follow- ing imaginings and ‘not expect the fate of Axax1As, S one of ‘thoso things no fellow can tind out: Private advices from Ghicago yesterday said that thé heat there was mych more intense than had been reported, The newspapers bud all agreed to suppress the: truth, as they generally do in emer- wencies of the kkind. , People were dropping dead in the streets in alafming numoere, and_business wau_entirely suspended. ~ To add to tne horrors of the situation, an ice-famine way threatened. The luu‘rh‘ of ice wus almost cxhausted, and the bad credit of tho city left; the auttoritics unable to purchase abroad, ~ Chicago has snid u great many evil things of §. Louts in the past few days, but we trust’ they will all'be forzotten in the presence of the great aMliction which has fallen upon the former city. _Action should be taken at once for sending a suoply of ice to Chicago from St. Louis. Asubscription on 'Chaiigs would rase the neces- #ary funds in ten minutes. Let it not be said that t. Louts atood idly by while vouple were uying by bendreds in Chicago for waut of & commodity like ce. s Wo can stand almost anything, and we aro not angry at the fried, boiled, broiled, parboiled, baked, sweating, sweltering, and sizzling Globe-Democrat, because it is never too hot to lie in that wicked city. We spenk wora in sorrow than in anger. But if even such appalling mendacity as the above affords St. Louis any relief, or tends "to cool off its heated imagination, we have no complaint to make. Weare even willing that the Globe- Democrat should say that the Chicago River is ont fire; that the fish are boiled every day in Lake Michigan; that the church-spires have melted off ; and that thousands of peo- plo and millions of animals are dropping dead every hour. 'We shall have no fanlt to find—if it helps to ‘relieve St. Louis of the heat; and, as it has been our experience hitherlo that nothing relieves that place so much as colossal and phenomenal falsifica- tion, we advise the Globe-Democrat, when its stricken oflice is replenished, to set the whole force to work in that direction, and loy it on as thick as possible. L At the sawme timo, we do notintend that the Globe-Democrat shall lose sight of one point, to the truth of whick crowds of St. Louis people will testify who' have selected Chi- cagoas the great place of summor resort, and are now enjoying our cooling breezes while they reand the heated dispatches from their friends at home. e once more call its at- tention to the fact that we have had but two days this summer when the thermometer reached over 90, and that the hoat of those two days was due to-the southwest wind from St. Louis, over which we have no con- trol and for which we must not be held re- sponsible. We never bave any such winds of our own. The breezes that we produce are .the blessod north' winds, that are tem- pered with coolness by our vast lakes and shower down benediction upon tae city, not only mitigating the heat of the doy, so that msan can toil without weariness, but giving us refreshing sleep at night, and producing feelings of sym- pathy for the poor people of St. Louis, who, after being boiled all day, are baked all night. Never having any such wind of our own, we are all the better qualified to judge of the nis- ery of St. Louis, and to sympathize with her. If her wind, after traveling 300 miles and be- ing temperod all the way by the benign in- fluences of the lakes, con be so hot here for two days, what must it be in St Louis, whera they have the original articlo day after day and week after week, 'in all its native, un- diluted intensity ? If such awind, aftersucha long journey, and counteracted by our cool- ing agencies, can push one of our thermom- eters above 90 for a few hours, whers must a thermometer in St. Louis go, or how do they make & thermometer long enough to accommodate the exasperating tendencies of their distressing, sickening, enervating, sultry southwest wind, from which all the trees in Chicago turn away in disgust, not to .mention people and animals? Every time we feel: that wind from St. Louis we sympathize with her, for we know how its horrors must be eggravated and its distress intonsified where they have the original Jucobs and cannot get rid of it. Let the St. Louis paper keep on with its mendacity. We do not begrudge it the luxury if that mitigates its condition as it wearily turns on the gridiron, but we beseech it to appreciate our assurance; that” Chicago sym- pathizes with St. Louis. }, Wo have had a two days' taste of her wind, aud, although we chancs, for peace,” woman mukes reply: . " i L But why should thore bo danger? And why shoald'st thou, the foremost Prince of ain, - - o Fear orpmlke foes? Thou standest in no light Woula fali on other shoulders; thou hast no M?hh To climb and naught to gain.. Thou art.complete, The King alone above thee, and thy friend. . The pertinence of her.reply to Beicoxs- FELD's present position in the English Gov- ernment need not be pointed out. . Turning over the pages of * Contarini Fleming,” the hero of which has always: been regarded as Disracrr himself, :giving expression to his own aspirations and ambitions, we find the following declarations, which are surprising- ‘ly significant : -** I had achiaved by. this time what is called'a great reputation. I do not know that thare was any one more talked of ormorg considered in the country than my- self; it was the zenith of my popularity and power.” Again: I heard my name. The hall was now darkened. - In the distance stood my father; I joined him. He placed his arm. affectionately in mine and said to me, ‘ My son, you will be Prime Min- ister of ' . .« . (as many dots as there are letters in the word Eungland), ‘and per- haps something greater.’” - The successive steps to his present position are thus vividly described in a scene’ where Contarina is about to retire from public life, but is urged by his friends to remain. *‘ Action is now your part; act, act without ceasing, and you will no longer talk of the vanity of life.” “But how am I to act?” asks Contarine. “Create. Man is made to create, from the poct to the potter.” He reflects upon the condition of things: “ When I examine the state of European society, I perceive that it is in o state of tragsition from feudal to federal principles, which I concuive to be the sole and secret causo of all the convulsions that have occurred and are- to occur,” and | this refloction brings him to the following conviction: * Circumstancos may be bo- yond the control of a man, but his conduct is in his own power.”. In tho same volume snoay be found an account of a meeting of diplomatists, representing tho same Powers that were represented in the vecent Earo- pean Congress, at which a seal was left for Contarini at the lower end of tho table, the Thero, however, rejecting it and boldly taking a place among the “statesmen at the head. In the * New Crusade” thereisa graphic pen-picturs of himself, in which Lord Mon- tacute is recsiving congratulatory addresses® from Mayors and other dignitaries,—n scene exactly reproduced in BEACONSFIELDS recent trip from Dover to London. Here 18 a por- tion of the pen-picture: ‘‘ Nothing was more remarkable in the demeanor of Lord Montacute than his self-possession. Every movement or gesture was distinguished by what may be called a graceful gravity. It would appear thiat he duly estimated the im- portance of the event they were commemo- rating, yet was mnot of a bLabit of mind that overestimated anything.” In “Tancred”” there are some remark- able historical utterances completely foreshadowing events that hLave now taken place. In a discussion of the Eastern Question, the characters are mads to say: *+If your Government only understood the Eastern Question,” said Ar. Consul-General ZLaurella. **I could settlo the Eastern Ques- tion in & month,” said Fakredeen.. * The Eastern Question is,” said the Emir, ** Who shall govern thie Mediterranecn?” In an- ‘other conversation at Jerusalem, one of the charucters says: - “ The English will not do tho business of the Tarks again for nothing. They will.take this city and they will keep it. They want. s new market for cotton. Mark me: England will never be satisfied till the people of Jerusalem wear calico tar- bous.” From his own standpoint, BeacoNs- Fierp has solved the Eastern Cluestion; for with Englaud st Gibroltar, Malts, and Cy- prus, it. is no longer a problem who controls the Moditerranean. The declaration as to Jerusalem is also mow a realization, for with the English protectorate over the Holy Land which ho has established in the Anglo-Turkish Convention, and with the scheme of railroad communication already contemplated by English capitalists, how long will it be before the poople of Jeruselem will be wearing Baglish calico turbans? Even when Disrazut entered the political world the gift of propliecy did not abandon him. Forty years ago, when he was hissed down in Parliament for defending O'CoxxEeLL’s entrance into the Tory faction, e uttered the memorable words that the day would yet come when the Houis would be glad aud eager to listen to him. That time hins come. The extracts we have made are but a few from numerous other. declarations of a similar import which go to show that ho belongs to and 18 & worthy representative of that race which produced Isijar, Jene- arran, Davip, Saxuzs, and the other prophets, aud wears their mantle with eaco and grace. DALE'S IMPRESSIONS OF AMERICA, Mr. Dare's fourth paper on America“is given in the last number of tha Nincteenth Century. It is devoted, like its predecessor, to the school system, treating chiefly on the interzal life of the schools and the relations between scholars and teachers. Sowe sug- gestive facts aud comparisons are brought had only a condensed“edition.of it, we know how St. Louis must feel, by multiply- ing our experiences in the direct ratio of the distance from the headquarters of the sirocco itself. ‘At the same timo-the St. Louis sheet ought notto get mad. In times of terrible heat like that at St. Logis, excitement is a very common cause of sunstroke. THE PREMIER ‘PROPHET. One of that class whom old Smrox Cax- Enox delighted to call ** d—d literary fellers™ | has reached o political hight where old Snox can never hope to climb, and has de- veloped a success in statesmanship in com- parison with which old, SrwoN’s political craft sppears like boy's play. Whatever else we may think of .the English’ Premier, there is no disputing the factthat Disraert the author is overshadowed'by Lorp Bracoxs- FreLp the diplomat and'power behind tho throne; and the most remarksble feature of his rapid Tise is the gift 6f prophecy and- as- sertion of individual ambition aud snccess that characterized him when he was nothing but a “ d—a literary fellef,” dreaming Orien- tal fantasies and painting Asiatic pageants’ and pomps. - The English papers just now 'are, ransacking - his . early . novels and bringing out - numerous extracis which g9 to show that eyen half a century, ago he was contemplating possibilities, which ate now :fast becomingrealities, as to his own crircer, the devélopments of the Enstern +Question, and the growth 'and destiny of En- glish colonies in” Asin. “Some of *thése'cx- tracts; in the light of, cirrent. events, make : interesting reading, - ozl e "Fifty 'years: ngo, Discirry,’ unknown fo fame, and , in his vealy.days, wrote o high- flown tragedy—** Connt -Alcaros "—the hero being & Prime Minister of, Castile. . Upon one’ oceasion the Count hintsto his Countess that he is “mnear to the th-Adne—mn near, per- forward. We suppose that Mr. Dare is nearly, or quite, right in saying that, but for *¢ negligence and misnppropriation,” the funds derived from school-lands might probably have gone a long way towards raaking taxa- tion for educational purposes unnecessary. In 1870 there had been sct apart by Congress for common schools, universities, agrical- tural and mechanical colleges, 79,506,794 ncres, or 124,322 square miles,—a larger sur- face than that of Great Britain and Ireland. Certeinly the revenue derived from so princely a domain as this ought to go far to- wards making taxation for school purposes Tunecessary. E Mr. Dace notices thet the pressure of the school tax varies greatly in different cities and different States. “In the City and County of New York iho total sum appor- tioned to educational purposes in 1875 was $3,653,000; $2,008,345 came from the local tax. This was at the rate of about $2.25 per lead for the whole population.” This does not represent, however, the whole amount raised by the City and County of New York for educational purposes.. In the same year they paid for State school tax $$1,503,983; the amount apportioned to themn from the State tax wad $32,330, and frown the State school fund, §54,303. < The- totil received from ‘the -State was- 855,654, as ngainst 81,506,914 paid. ' TIncluding the State school tax and the city school tax, the ptipulation of New York paid in 1875 about $3.40 per head for educational purposes.”: ‘Elsewhere in the sume irticlo! Mr! Dars says thay the worst _school-buildings he. saw wers in New York City ; so his statements 6f expexjes, and re- Sults taken togetlier form ' an'‘instructive commeiidry on the organized. system of plunder, even in school matters, established in that misgoverned city. In. Philadelphin the same year, the tax for the city schools was rather more than $1.82 per haad for the ‘hole population, or about one-half the rate in'New York. -In Boston, it is true, the rate” was '$5.36 per head; but there, it i con- fessed, the results corresponded with the ex- penditure. . The cost per head of the educa- tion of scholars in New York. was $25,24, in Philadelphia about $17.82, and in Boston $31.46. v 3 . Froma {able in Mr. EATox'e report it appears that there'are atill more remarkable differences in the cost of education In_the different States. Tho Territory of Arizona, with eleven schools and 560 pupils eurolled, spends S37.34 on each of them, while Georgla spends only §2.48; Massachusetts soends $17.60; Connecticut, S11,38; California, §15.04; Ohio, $9.30; Loulsfana, $8.30; Florids, .16, ' Mr. 'Avaus’ (Free Schools. p. 71) has worked out the amount of taxation paid -per head In: several Statos for the malntenance of schools. Izivea few of the results wnich he Lus arrived at. The fgures are for the year 1873, In Massachu- setta the_vopulation contributed $2.21 per head; inNew York, S1.86: in Pennsylvania, $1.70; in Kentacky, 50¢; inLouisiana, 56c;_in Michigan, SL.78; In Illingls, $2.00; in New Jersey, $2.20} InTows, $2.69. Mr. DavLe notices that the social position of American teachsrs is higher than that of teachers in British elementary schools. The difference in favor of American teachers in this respect is perhaps even greater than he is aware of. Among us the teacher and the clergyman are on the same honoreble level 5 and there are Americans who believe that the mission of the oue is, or may become, as important as that of thé other. In the mat- ter of salaries some suggestive comparisons are made. The highest salary paid in Phila- delphia, Mr. DaLEsays, is $1,800 per annum; in Chicago, $1,550; in New York, $3,000; and in Boston, $3,200. “Thia is, it is under- stood, only for teachers in grammar schools, and exclusive of superintendency. ‘The comparison s not quite fair, inasmuch 88 it is not made between‘the same grade of teachers in Bostonand Chicago ; -besides, the low salaries in the latter city are, it is hoped, temporary, and -due to.peculiar eircum- stances. But there is enongh of truth in the comparison to make Chicago people humble. They have, indeed, strong renson to regret that their pinching economy should be most severely felt among the noblest and most self-denying class of public servants. Mr. Dave had o peculiar experience on the occngion of visits to normal schools in Phila- delphia and New York. He was much sur- prised when the young Indies in the former school were invited to *‘dsclaim” offhand, and when they responded to the invitation. Still more amazing to the cultivated English- man must have been the exhibition of quot- ing in the New York school. Of this he writes : Forthe Information and warniog of English trav- elers in America, I must tell what followed. When the declamations were oser, the Principal delisered a very bricf address to the stadents, to which I listened with interest until there came an nlarming sentence about te school Leing ** honor- ed that morning with the presence of & distinguish- ed strunger from England, " and. before I had time to recover from the shock, 1 was called upon to make a apeech. This was 'the first occasion on ‘which I fell a victim to thesremarksble American superstition that every inndetinz English- man is capable, at 2 moment's notice, of. gelting on..to his feet and addressing.. any audience on any subject. I coutd not plead that [ was *‘altogether unaccustomed to public speak- ing,” but L confess that it required more nerve to nddress theee Y00 young ladics, looking at me with keen eyes over their dainty-looking deaks, than to stand gp in the Birmingham Town-Hall and to face 1,500 or 2,000 excited Conservatives, shoutinz themselves hoarac on behalf of the policy of Lord BEACONSFIELD's Government. How many times auring the remaining weeks of my American visit 1heard the ominous formula about the *‘distin- gaished stranwer™ [am airaid to estimate. For- tunately I avoided prisvns aud lunatic asylums, or else 1 snppose that it would have been my fate to find nlnilzble words to address to convicts and mad people. Mr. Dace, in summing up, suggests that the strength and weakness of the American system are derived from the training re- ceived by ~American teachers in hugh and normal schools; that the high and liberal culture of American teachers has an obwous effect on ‘thé children; that much is owing perhaps to the intersprinkling of children of wealthy and cultivated parents in American schools, and much also to the taking of the religious question out of the schools. His rough and final judgment is that in elemen- tary schools America is ahead'of Eagland, but not so far ahead as he expected, judg- ing from the results of teaching which can be tested by examinations. A MONUMERT TO MARQUETTE: The good people of Mackivac—once *Michi- limackjoac —bave organized an association for the purposc of erecting a monument at that place to the memory of the great MARQUETTE: They extend a cordial invitation to all the His- torival Societies aud toall others in the Northwest to lend their co-operation. The body of MAR- QUETTE was3 last year recovered from its origzinal burfal-place and removed to Mackinac, and ou the 8th of August, at the latter place, thereis to be a grand gathering to make the orenniza~ tion a gene:zal one, for the purpose mnamed. Chicazo has a special interest in all that relates to Marquzrre. Ie was obeof the two first white men who visited the present site of this city and navigated the river, and the first white man -who ever-lived here. In 1674, while on his way for a second time o the Indian scttle- ment at LaSalle, be und his assoclates ascended Lake Michigan in canoes, traveling on the west side of the lake, and entered the Chicago River in November. MARQUETIE, Who hiad been sick, was unable to travel further, so 2 hut was buiit somewbere on theSouth Brancaof the river, and hetook up his residence, being the fiest white in- habitant and househiolder in this city. He re- mained in Chicazo nntil the last day of the next March, when a sudden rising of the river carried their canoe over into the Desplames River. They foated down this river to the Llinois. and theuce to LaSaile, His residence here was from November, 1674, to March 31, 1675, sometbing over four months. In May he returned, and, whiie traveling along the east e of Lake Michizan, he died. Shortly after the fire, the late Col. J. W. FoSTER, of this city, took a:tive steps to have abi-centennial celebration of 31ar- QUETTE'S ¥isit to Chicago, and he bad enter=d intoan extensive correspondence on the sub- | ject, proposing to erect,; in one of the public parks of this city. 2 mouument .to the discoverer and first inhabitantof Chicago: but, with Col. Fosten’s death, the subject was ove: looked and forgotten. Nevertheless, this city hos interest in all that relates to the adven- turous discoverer, the first mau who had resided a- whole season.on the beuks of the Chivazo Kiver, who bad come here sick, so fecble und prostrate as to be unable to move another step, and who, on the banks of that stream, drinking its then pure waters, recovered his strength and health. He was the first visitor to Chicago secking and obtaining a renewat of bis health. We suppose our Historleal Soclety will take some notice of this MARQUETTE memo- rial by beinz represented at Mackinac on the Stn of August, and by giving its aid and en- courazement to this memorial to the first Chi- cagoan, who marked out the route of water transportation from the Iakes to the Mississippi River, and who In person traversed that route. A monument to MARQUETTE would not br an inappropriate ornament to oue of the public parks of this city. S The New York Journal of° Commerce calls at-. tention to, the astonishing rapidity with “which Japan has Americanized her institutions. She has a finded debt of $30,000.000, and pays ler uterest so promptly that “her 7-per-cents’ are worth 106 and 103, andt_her 9-per-cents 1117 dnd 118, She has a gystem of National Bauks, alarge paper currency, and s about to issue & new lotu of $12,50,000 a6 ver cent, to*be taken from her own people Gily, no foreigners being allowed to subscribe. - Her mioney system. is decimal, and ber “‘yen " Isequal to'éur dollar. She'las railrouds, telearaphs, light-houses, cus- toms-houses, public schools, and a post-offlce, afl on the American pattern, and in fact firat set woing by Americans. Her exhibition at Porls 1s excellent, and quite up to tbe highest. stand- ard. . There is oulv one thinzshe Lusaot vet ed from the ericans,—the ‘fricl: 55 3 pudiating her debts; and it is proh:hrll:k ,,,‘:1 it this is not national, but only a local prayy o some of our commaunities, Japan wili .w‘ug it mecessary to copy it. P Many a jaded woman sn the now looking for ter relations o visit he; like the one'who calls herself an ¢ ov::mm Woman,” a0d makes her compisigt throggy columas of the New York Tridune A She has been married 5 o children; lives on the om“fif:'x:u‘sz:i’ as e summer her husoand's mother, brothere o ters, witn their children, come viumegs oL yheh my husband fold ms that e had tpard | er, ant ¥, .II l;nn}. k-on d;ui‘"n‘%hhdg:hmm' et on’t know how totake any mare troabje s where,” said he, more work,® 3y moth X work. All you hava to do 15 "te st plate. Isdld no more, hut from that dy g each year, she comes with her chiidren any childon. ' They it o tae coal plazza, for them over the hot kitchen-stove, with, ong inmyarms and another- hanzineat my spid She thinks it a cruel wav o Treat apy mup e at least shows unat all the inconvenicnces i o ‘mother-in-| s of the basband, 2o BOLOR the sigg e —— A London letter to the New York 7 imes sagg’ that the so-called wmpper-ten of Enzllm;‘ : tainted with debauchery -ood soctal viea gy ¥R deeply as ever it wasin the days of Cm.m.: ;fi IL, “‘that miserable impostor of g “divigg Kiog.'” Tnfidelity among women snd mie; Eod conduet amoug men are faults that the Divoreg:” £ Courts bring into prominence, and which extend; v the contamination of fast life by fumilfarizige; the fainds of all classes ot socicty with. the, 52 detalls. The letter adds that * The ouly thing £ that can be said in extenuation of- the'zemg % truthfulness of this zleomy view ot soviety ig) that every family’s dirty linen Is now Society 57 country why | 2 inpobile. The press takes care that has nv secrets. “We koow all the abominibls’ thiogs that happen.” hi'”“ ——— The St. Louis Glode, feeling in" duty boyy to make out Clicazo a hotter ity g’h:.usnz» Louis, heads its article thusly: *Stricken Cai eazo—The Heat in That City Something Ter.. SE rible—Tempered by No Breezes as in 8t. Louls - % Whatever was * terrible fn the Leat” esme from St. Louiss It was the southwest sirowo wing- that caused al the distress felt here, and that - % wind came straizht from St. Louis. - Chiego: Was ‘““temperca” by the same “breezes” that cooled St. Louis, where they ran the thetmome-: terupto102 in the shade, and only lost seven keep those tempering breezes at lomel Cti cago greatly prefers the *“ Munitobe wave.” P ———— Ot course, the omnipresent reporter was o3 the wharf watching Mr. JAMES GorpoN By NETT, of the Herald, the otber day come ashore, and he tells us that **Mr. BENNCTT certainly, travels like 2 Lord. For himself and sister” there were six servants, and his Inggame) as i lay upon the pier this morning, outnumbersy that of sll the other passengors taken to gother. There were no less than 123 pieces, aed. they caused the customs officers a large amonnt. of trouble.” If e had only told the inquist; tive public just what was inside of those 13- packages! : " Chicngo necdn’t rejoice ovgr our little sell.of warmth_in St. Louis, The thermometer miba®- City of Mortzages an Tuesiay reached U7 degrees, —Clobe-Demacrat. % Don’t make it worse than"ft was, for every, aczree counts when the thermometer rets abare 90. The highest noteh Lere was 953§ desrees, and it was hard to bear 1t but thinkof 8. Louis enduring 102 degrees. It was hotterin the shade there than it was here in the sun. - —_— J At Ann Arbor the other day oneof the educated sexes who was gradnated a; the dlose of the term took for the subject of her thesti *¢My Lovers.” She bandled the whole erowd, of them without gloves, gave their naies, de- scribed their manner of courtship, and polat out their mistakes,—dissecied them la public, as it were. - i 4 * It may that the sun is farther from; the earth now by several millions of :nfles than it was the first of Jnnuary, but no astrocs Who has auy regard for his reputation, or:who expects to be believed, will venture to mske: such an assertion in public at this time. It.is; too much for any one’s eredulity. —————— ‘I'he St. Lonis Il!uuo.'lmn»,mmp‘.nms of th number and size of. the lies tuin have been In regard to the heat that prevailed in that it during the past week. Itinsists tbat the:s ries have been greatly exaceernted, and th-t they have not been chiefly engrossed in dy] and burying the dead. . ———— M SAYLER s sweating round on the stamp ; fn his districtin Ohio, telling the people thiat b8 Resumption act ouxht to be immediately e pealed. MiLt ought to know_that it cannob be i, repealed until vext winter, ana’then it will b33 too late, a5 resainption will -be an accompliszed fact by that time. The Lebanon (Texas) 7imes says the Texds &1' Pacific Ruilroad is shaking up thiugs powerfull in DurmaM’s district, and Is Lecoming & most: eflicient auxitiary to the doctrine of rotatiby |n; office, and that it s too populii a measure {0 be safely opposed by any Soutiera Congre man. Sr—— That scientist is wanted who some years a0 i undertook to demonstrate that our climats rupidly growing cooler, and that the time Wil come wheu the temperate zones will be usit lmbitable by reason of the excessive cold. . L nim put in appearance at St. Louis at ooce. e ———— The London Times pays Lord BEACONSFIELD, the highest compliment: “To the faweof distinguished English statesman,” it say has added that of a singularly sucvessfut F Minister, and it would be bard tu say ¥ greater distinction can romain for bim.” ———————— The effort to defeat the nomination of SANE: ELJ. RaxDALL for Congress Is to be made Wi 50 much power thas the New York Sun writes a leading editorial In Raypacs favor.” Now RANDALL is defeated he will probably Iy the blame on the Sun. . The Louisllle C.~J. says that the-story set afloat by the Cincinnati Enquirer to the ‘eftecs that the Mollle MeCarthy race was & jiut i Jo isalie. It says that the Euguirer’s aoillty. I distort news about Kentuciy 1s enortmous. —_————— bt A special dispatch from the office of the B timore American informs us thar ‘the mad on hiorseback ™ was seen in that vicinits azal yesterday, and he appeared to be hr{d@l’ toward Washington. 5 e ——— 1f the editor of the L-0.-. will carry acal baze-leal fn his hat life will cease to be bus den, the world will look brighter, aud hisreaderd will wonder what bas nnppened- et e 1t is sald that tae ravages of sunstroke 8 Louis fell chiefly upon the intemperate.. Is the explanation of so much sufferfug amo! the newspaper-men there. . e ——— If there had been a competitive examios of the candidates for, Coneress in little Doo! TLE's district, - would ‘'tle Doaur,fl-{ passed mystert - Bon Toowmps lias goue ‘fto M. Steraess’ district, and Is making some lent speeches in favor of bis reelcc!lnn [l House. - * The Cincinnati Cazefte felicitates jteell, HFaxes’ Administration witl create no Ju the party’to carry. ] : - faxrs seems determined to glvo CONKLEY anotber ; opportunity- to -make “the greated effort of nis life.*”? * 3 e i For the first time In Oty years the bmkazf—fl'r has bad to suspend operatious on aeconnt: theweather. © - . Never do to-day what can be put ol! unti merrow, Is a good motio for not weathier Y