Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 2, 1878, Page 4

e THE CHICAGC TRIBUNE: .SUNDAY.. JUNE D) ~9 1878—SIXTEEN . PAGES, The Treibnne, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. 1T 'MAIL—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID. Daily Edition, one vear. 32, Farthof ayesr. 100 Fditior Sin ect. A_-Z&u k , on 501 P e por 280 WEEELY EDITION, POSTPAID. o one copy, peryear. o3 i el Tokr. 5100 ‘Srecimen Copies sent rrce. Give Post-Ofuce address 1n full, includiog Stateand Covnry. temftiances may be made efthier by draft, express, Post-Ofce order, orfn reglstercd letters, at our risk. TERNS TO CITY SUDSCRIBERS. Daily, delivered. Sunday excepted, 25 conts per week. Qellvered, Sunday included. 70 cents per week. Aduress THE TRIBUNE COMPAXY, Corner Madison and Dearborn-sts.. Chicago, TIL Orders for the deliveryof Tux TEiprxx st Evausion. Evgiewood, and Hyde Park lefLIn the counting-room. ® hizecetve Prompt stiention. TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. Tz CR1CAGO TRIVTT has cstablished branch ofices for thereceiptof Fubscripticns end advertiscments as NEW TORK—Room 29 Tribune Buflding. F. T, Mc- FADDEN, Manazer. "PAIIS, France—Xo. 16 Ruc & 1a Grange-Datellere. H. Mauier, Agent. LONDON, Eng.—American Exchange, 440 Strand. CHICAGO CONCLAYE. Clivss OF CO TINE, O e M. P. necial Order No. 10. Sad dings of Freat sor- Tow, We have received letters from the Grand Orieat, ringing intelligence of the d>ath of the Em. aud lil. Sr. Kt ltobers Wentworth Liutle, . Grand Kecorder, nd Grand Tressurer of the Grand Imperial Councll of land. Nobie brother. sincere Christfan, honored Son, T lias zone from the midst of his bloved and urning brethren Into the preseuce of our Father. ase2d Wit one plorions st » Py order of GHN D, soverizn Intendant-General and Gra Hoverizn Int RS June 2. 1678 G x . Zequiercat (nyace. C OPE LODGE~DEGREE OF HONOR. the_above are requested to meet at 43, cor. Micligan ayd Clurks ay 3. CHICAGO COMMANDERT. No, 19, K. T.—Stated Coaclare Moraas o Jime 3, 18R, at Asylom, corner of 1lalsted and 2and s.” A tull attendzoee Vishirg Sir Kulghts courcepusly favited. % 6 clovk promn. Ortier of the Temple By order of 5 r order. . 0. 0. F.—Election of y ‘next, June 6. Hall cor- and Washingion-sia! Membérs are re- end. J. J. FRENCIL Seey. ¥ CIAPTER. R A M.—Spe- 4.7 Work on SUKNDAY, JUNE 1878, a B3 In New York on Saturday greenbacks were worth 99@952 cents on- the doller in silver and gold coi : —— Few additional perticulars have been ob- tained regarding the sinking of the German iron-clad in the Eaglish Channel. As usual in such cases, the first reports were consider- sbly exaggerated, yet, even with all allow- ances, the loss of life sccms to have been unnecessarily great. The Rev. GEeonce Vosnuecr, of Jersey City, on trial for the alleged poisoning of his wife, was scquitted by the jury yesterday. A remarksble festure of this case is that his wife has been all along his most ardent de- fender, and before the trial vowed that, if he were found guiity, she would share his punishment, whether it be imprisonment or death. Although the President disowns the inter- ~view alleged to have been held with him by a correspondent of the Philadelphia Z7mes, Le says that there is nothing in the published ~version which Lo cares to deny; hence, with duc allowancs for the effervescences of the imaginative correspondert, the interview may be taken to represent in general terms the opinions of President Hayrs on the latest Demoeratic frosk. In onr Washington dispatches will be found a complete account and description of the investigation proceedings yesterday. To sppreciate the testimony of AxpEmsox it is only necessary to rememwmber that he is a self- confessed perjofer, that from his own state- ment he has been a persistent office-secker, Lounting the Deparlments at Washington since tho Presidential election, and that his feilure to secure a Government place is his reason for meking his present accnsa- tion. There is not much freshness or orig- inality in this kind of thing, and AxpErson will hardly find it so remunerative a field as the practice of second-rate journalism in Thiladeiphia. The Senato has concurred in the House resolution o adjourn on the 17th of June by a'vote of 38 to 17. This settles several things. The session must end in two weeks from nexi Wednesday. The interveping time will be mainly occupied in finishing the Appropriation bills. No other bills can pass . if the minority of the House is determined in opposition. Thers are seversl nseful bills ‘which ought to pass, and will if not serionsly opposed,—such as the Popalar Loan bill and Postal Savings bill, but it is doubtful if citlier of them gets through. The lobby will work indefatigably fo push through their various schemes of subsidy, claims, pensions, ond plander, and it is apprehended that zany of them will be successfal. Congress will not adjourn a minute too eoon for the good of the country. ——— Tho work of patchlzg up the gaps of ill- feeling existing betweea the leading Euro- Pean nations proceeds slowly and tediously. Now ’nd then we' hear rumorsof fresh dif. foulties asising from the jealousy of one or t}_m ul.}:.eref the Powers, but amidst thess disturbing and often contradictory reports :i is_avident that the work of reconstruc- ion snd reconcilistion s . o gradnall 0N on. Dispatches from © Vieny this morning assert {hat the Austrian Gov- ernment is distrustful of Russin's intent; oud that the Oourt and Cabinet, sahl‘:?é divided on the Esstern question, is at last, of @ colucident opinion on this point, Porhaps there is-reason for this mew distrust. Tn making every exertion to pacify England, there is little doubt but that Russia has been cumpdltfd to overlook somewhat the claims of Ausiria,—claims that have not been ex- Dressly defined, but which sre understood to be, generslly speaking, for a share in the proceeds of the deceased Turk's estate. Tha notes of warning that we henr from Vienna are undoubtedly heard also in St. Patersburg, and the sick. Chancellor will be obliged to turn his attention to this rew phase of the complications. Reassuying dis- patches may be expeeted from Vieyna in o fow days,—in about the length of time that it will take for diplomaticcommunications to pass between the Austrian and Russian Gov- ernments. 1 The Iatest move of the County Rings isto avoid publicity.. Nearly oll the business of the County Bosrd is matured, considered, and discussed in committee, When the committeo prepares a scheme, they take tho thing into the Board and then passit. So long as the committees are open all the busi- ness taken up is reported in the papers, and it hos frequently happened that such busi- ness has been so thoronghly exposed that it has failed in the full Board. Mr. LeNzEN, the Commissioner who keeps a saloon oppo- site the County Building, on Friday submit- ted a resolution for the exclusion of all newspgper-reporters from the committe rooms while public business is under consit eration, and, after a debate, this scandalous and open attempt to carry on the county business in secret session was earried,— several “‘Reformers” voting for it. The yeas were: Boksg, Bravrey, Coxvy, Firz- GERALD, Horryaxy, Leszen, Mever, Mur- zov, and Weeeres—9. The nays were Arans, Bupimxe, Creary, Srorrorp, snd SExsE—5. This is something broader than anything over attempted by the Ring in its worst days of depravity, and when there was not & so-called * Reformer” to defend the public interest, ‘We print elsewhere in this issue an inter- view with Mr. Cavrsenn, of Milwaukee, upon the sabject of Communism that will be of interest to tho reader who has given any attention to that question. Mr. CauPBELL is good autkority upon that subject, because he was the condidate of -the Socialistic party in Wisconsin last fall for Governor, and stumped the State in the interest of that ticket. ' He seems to ba able to put a milder face on Communism thau most of his associ- ates who writo and speak upon the subject; but, even as defined by him, it is the samo impracticable, illogical, crazy, revolutionary theory that is held by the whola crowd of agitators and fanatics, It will be observed that Mr. Camrperi is of English birth, and. 3t is safe to say that nine-tenths of his associates who share this Communistic Dallucination with Lim' are of foreign birth clso,—which only goes to prove what Tus Trisose has all along contended, to-wit: that Socialism is a noxious plant of foreign origin, which has been transplanted into the rich and iuviting soil of the New World. The absurd fentures of the whole scheme exe made sufficiently prominent by our cor- 1espondent’s questions, although he abstained from arguing the case with Mr. CaxeBELL, to mako any extended examination in this con- nection unnecessary. LICENSED SCHOOLS FOR THIEVES. When Dicrexs presented the world with the picture of Facrx and his school of young thieves, the sketch was considered ns an ex- aggerated one of a very rare system. But there are in Chicago to-day, and have been for yeers, thirty or more cstablishments for the education of children as thieves, and for the encouragement and promotion of crime; each of these schools graduating a large class annually, and each representedlargely on the List of inmates of {he various peniten- tiaries and prisons in the United States. These schools are tho establishments known as junk and pawn shops. The present Grand Jury have prepared, to be presented to the City Council on Monday, an appenl seiting forth the evils now exist- ing, and urging certain restrictive legislation, having the - purpose to render such business less profitable. At present the two classes of business may be said to operate thus: 1. The junk-shop is open at all hours, and may be found in any part of the eity. It offers fo buy anything that is offered for sale, from the common glass bottle or bundle of rags to the costly gas-chandelier, coil of lead-pipe, or & locomotive boiler, if not the locomotive itself. There is mothing too bulky, nothing too ponderous or too minute, which the junk-shop will not buy. As the junk-shop ordinerily psys about five cents on the dollar of the value of the thing it buys, the profits of the business are great. 1t only requires a brisk business for a fow vears to cnable the proprietor to give up business, send his children to the University to be educated, and, while they are thus occupied, take his wife to Europe, be pre- sented at all the courts, purchase a title, come home and finish out the remainder of his days as Park Commissioaer, Presideni of a bank, or Managing Director of a theological scminary. That we may not be considered as-exaggerating, wo muy recall the fact that a few years ago an effort was made to convict and punish an individual engaged in this business, and, though tho evidence was conclusive as {o & long series of crimes, the mon escaped, having been able, it was understood, to expend $30,000 cash to avert imprisonment. 2. The second branch of the business iz done in the pewn- shep. Here, professedly, everything is taken on pledge for loan; but the loan busi- ness is comparatively a light one, because in the multitude of cases the articles are never intended to bo redeemed. The pawn-ticket is issued 85 & legal protection against buying stolen property. ‘We may a5 well state here, to prevent any wmistake, that there arc respectablo porsons in this city who carry on honestly the busi- vess of pawnbrokers and junk-dealers, and all of these rersons will earnestly approve any measure to break up the criminal prac- tices of others. , The pawnbrokers’ shops are open at all times to lend money on valuables. The pawnbroker, if e understands his business, can rendily distinguish between o case of genuine pawning aod a caso of stolen prop- erty. In the latter case he names the sumn he will advance ; if it be refused, Le cdn call the thief by name, or he can otherwise maka known bis ability to hand the party over to the police. In either case Lo gets the prop- erty at from 10 to 20 per cent of its value, . and gets the property permanently, so far as the thief is concerned. Thus, when a bell- boy in one of the hotels a few years ago stole dinmonds to the value of £3,500, and a pawnbroker ““loaned” him $15 on them, the transaction passed as a legitimate caso of “pawning.” That boy’s case was but ome of ten thousand ; he stole the jewelry because he knew there was a shop in which ke could sell it, and, being obliged to take w.hat he was offered, Ius robbery yielded bim oaly the small sum named. So other boys and girls, men end women, clerks, servants, and others, have the temptations of lfle Tenderad stronger because thers is on immediate opportunity to convert the thing stolen into moncy. The average time intervening between tho stealing of an over- eoat from 2 haliway or an office mnd its disposal. at & pawnshop s fifteen minutes thethief, beforestoaling, knows exactly where De can find a customer, and the pawnshop- Xeeper knows fully as well in all such cases that the thing offered him hos been stolen. 1t 1s true, the police may find such things at the pawnshop; but the pawnbroker gen- enlly adds 200 per cent to the sum actually paid for the property, and the loser is ex- pected to at least reward the ** honesty” of the dealer to protect him from apy loss. In cither case the pawnbroker is safe ; he re- covers from the owner whatever he may rep- resont to have been pnid to the thief, and, if the owser is ot forthcoming, he keeps the article, on which he has paid a nominal sum. So thoroughly is this business understood that burglars and thieves have a quasi agrae- ment that they will steal and scll on a 15, 20, 25, or 30 per cent basis ; the shops ngreeing to take what is brought them and pay at that rate. This basis is arranged, as railroad freights are, according to tho kind of prop- orty,—~dinmonds snd other stones, silverware, jewelry, watches, oil- pointings, and so on down to opers- glasses, carving-knives, revolvers, and other articles,—all classified according to tho ease of secreting them and tho readi- ness with which they may be converted or sold. With the boys and girls or the men and women just beginning to steal, how- ever, the dishonest pawnbroker drives 8 more profitable trade. Theso he can terrify into taking whatever he may offer, and, under threat of having them arrested, may compel them to agreo to bring him whatever else they may be able to get their honds on. 7 'The junk-shop is the favorite dealing-place for boys. The varicty of things that may be sold there for cash is a strong appeal to them. Lend pipe and gns-fixtures, tools, cutlery, silver spoons, forks, knives, and household utensils, all find ready sale at the junk-shop, and the keeper who will givea boy 50 cents for §10 worth of articles, by giving him an extra 10 cents bocause be likes him, will sectire a customer who will eling to him 50 long as the one or the other keeps out of the Penitentiary. The Grand Jury thus de- scribo the proceedings in both these lines of dishonest trade : Tdle, thriftless boys, having no proper restraint over them, and worthless characlers of all azes and descriptions, infest every part of the city, The tools of the artisan and of ihe honest laborer, the raw material ad well as the finished work of the mannfacturer, the exposed £oods of the merchant, the books and wearing apparel of professional en in their oflices, garden implements, clothes upon the lines, harness in the barns, ctc., around the private residences of our citizens,—ail and every species of portable property not under lock and key, or specially watchied and guarded, is sub- ject continually to’ the depredations of this claes of nmwlinfi. watchful. indefatigable thieves, eelz- ing cversthing they can lay hands upon,.snd bearing it away to the junk or pawnshop, or soma other dealer in_sccond-hand articles, whero a ready purchaser is found, too often withuut ques- tion or scrutiny, -the mere pittance paid in most cazes to the thief being the inducement to the dealer to take the risk of reclamatfon. After pointing out the inducements which these shops hold out to crime, because offer- ing immediate cash reward for each thing stolen, tho Grand Jury suggest that the City Counsel rovise the existing laws and regula- tions, and that hereafter some preverntion may be provided. The law they ask will re- quire that All junk-shops, pawnbrokers, and dealers in second-hand articles of any description in the city, under penalty of fne o forfeiture of license, or both, 1o deliver he Central Police Station or TPolice Headguactess every morning at from 10 to 12 o'clock a comblete lieCof all the articles par- chaved by them the day before fatrly described and numbered; and reqaire that all sach articles ahall not be sold, removed, or in uny way dikposed of by said dealers for three days ofier the filing of euch ligt, that owners may thus have a chance of finding and reclaiming stolen goods when euch have been purchssed. Adopt a special and efiicient form of license tor all such casce. License none but per- cons of fair aud honest reputution, and require thiem to give such bonds as will insurc obedience to the law. b i Tu s to be lioped Wat thY City Connil will give attention to this appeal. The whole police force will affirm the truth of the mild representations of theGrand Jury, and every honest person engaged in the pawnbroking and junk-shop business will cordially unito in any mensure to break mp the schools of vice and harbors for thieves which have brought the business into such general dis- grace. ————— SWINDLING THE GOVERNMENT. The persons naturally implicated in the exposure of the Custom-House frauds, made by Assistant District-Attorney Tuomsox at the instance of Collector Ssorri, have all put in their replies, The evidence of the fraud remains unchallenged. Saute gui peut seems to have been the motto of all who were in any degree responsible for the rascalities and plunder that were committed. Hrrx, tho Supervising Architect, says that the “sys- tem ” is mainly to blame, but at the same time tries to unload on the Secrotary of tho Treasury the blame for approving all that has been done, and upon the looal officials at Chicngo the blame for not reporting the ex- cessive cost and waste of time. MouErLer, the contractor, follows a good deal the same line of argument, and seeks a justification in alleging that there was no more waste under his contracts than under similar coniracts elsewhere in which the 15 per cont commis- sion swindle was tolerated. Both wenken their cases matorially by abusing Messrs. Ssitmand Troxsox because these gentlemen did their duty faithfully and consecientiously in run- ning down the frauds and reporting them. Bokzixa says that he was mainly employed in tho building itself, and that he was only able to give the stone-cntting oceasional and cursory attention, butsent a full report of all operations every month. PrussiNe's plea is, in effect, that every time.ho made an effort to check the excessive cost, he met with a rebuff, and that finally he resign- ed because he would no longer be responsi- ble, even in appearance, for the extraor- dinary time being spent on the upper stories. Virtually all these people, including MueLrer, admit that the Gov- ernment was robbed, as a matter of course, but individuslly thold them- selves inmocent, and seek to shift the re- sponsibility on other shoulders. As they claim that the investigation so far hins been ex-parte, they cannot . consistently object to bringing the whole matter before the United States Grand Jury as o means for & judicial iovestigation and a fair trial by jury of all the men charged with responsibility in the matter. This is what Secretary Smeraay should direct ; it is what the District-Attorney here should proceed to do unless actually prevented by his superiors at Washington. Messrs. Syire and TmousoN have made out a very clear case of public robbery in the construction of this Chicago Custom- House, It is now in an uncompleted condi- tion after more than six years of work, though it might have been finished two years ago. It is constructed of a *‘cheap and nasty ” Cincinnati stone, which tho Cincin- nati people wouldn't take for their own Cus- tom-House; solia granite from New England was imported to build the Cincinnati Govern- ment buildings, and at aless cost, we believe, than the rotten Cincinnati stone which has been used here. If the truth were known, it is not unlikely that a million of dollars have been squandered or stolen in this job; such an impression has obtained in Chicago for some time. 'The investigations mads precious | Lave “traced some of the items of fraud. Thq payment of 15 per cent commis- sion to Contractor Muzrrer on all the stone- cutling was the chief opportunity for swindling. It wasa temptation for him to prolong the work and encourage idleness. 1t is estimated that on this item alono there was 8 waste of 100,000 days of labor paid for by the “Government, which represents a loss of several hundred thousand dollars, of which the contractor received $43,000. There was o palpable swindle in the contract for haul- ing ‘tha stone, since the original contract required tho delivery of the stono at the building. This new contract (for which Su- pervising-Architect Hiwr cannobt evade the responsibility, sinco he made it) involved the Government in an estra cost of nearly $10,000. There is evidonco of fraud in the stono-sawing contracts, and in the manipu- Intions of the dimension stone. These oro the surface frauds; how many others havo not yet been unearthed, but may be ina judicial investigation, cannot be told. _It is not very nstonishing that MuzLren should fight for his contracts, 8s ibere is still 8 good deal of work to be ddne, and still a good deal of money to be gobbled in thosamo way. * It is great folly, howevor, for him to suggest that several hundred workmen should be indicted if the allegations of Mr. TroMsON'S report are true. Nobody is dis- posed tohold the stone-cutters to account. Like master like man. When workmen un- derstand that their employer greatly prefers them to idle away their time, human nature, self-interest, and the personal rclease from responsibility under timekeepers and super- intendents render shiftlessness and * soger- ing” unavoidable. It is equally foolish to attempt to smirch Mr. Syut, who insti- gated tho investigation, on the grouud that he (Sarrm) was ex-officio disbursing ofticer and paid the vouchers, It took Mr. Ssrtm only ninety days after assuming his office to satisfy himself that there were frauds; once convinced of the fact, ho set the investigation on foot with the results noted. Mr. MueLien need mnot be apprehensive that Collector Syurm will pay any moro vouchers until he shall bo con- vinced that there has been s reform. It is not so naturel that Supervising-Architect Hrux should rush to the defonse of MoELLER and bis swindling profits, excapt on the theo- ry that he has some personal interest to serve. It isnot enough for HiLv to set up that the contract for 15 per cent commissions ‘was made before his time, because he hum- self claims that he secured the forfeiture of similar confracts in other cities, and fails to explamn why he did not do so in the case of the Chicago Custom-House. The contract here could have been set aside at any time, because it was not let according to Iaw. Hivy has been Supervising Architect for two years, and in that timo has become responsi- blo not merely for what ho bas done himself, but for what he hLas failed to do in correcting tho robberies and abuses of his predecessors. The local officers and timekeepers also claim that their reports wera s0 made that Hiz, ought to have known of the waste and excessivo payments. The simple fact is that the Government hes been plundered, but nobody feels any degree of guilt, simply because the victim was the Gov- ornment. We can only hope that another vigorous effort will be made to efface this very common moral fallacy by a different constraction in the Courts, — PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ATHLETIC EXERCISE. The enrly Jewish writers taught men to despise the body. Contact with many ex- ‘ternal things was said to produce unclean- ness. The body was supposed to bo vesed by unclean spirits, and its purification at stated intervals was enjoined by tho law. The ides of baseness and corruption which thus attached to conditions of the body after- wards passed to the thing itself. A similar idea was transferred to the Christian dis- pensation. The mortification of the body was preached by St. Paur. *‘If ye through the Spirit do mortify the deeds of the body,” he wrote to the Romaus, **yo shall live.” So St Jomy spoke of ““tho lust of the flesh, the 1lust of the eyes, sud the pride of life” as things which were ‘‘not of the Father but of the world.” There is nothing in the Old or the New Testament which, rightly interpreted, Jjustifies neglect of the body ; but the warn- ings and injunctions intended to prevent the abuse of the body have had pracisely the opposite effect. Thus the Jews in all ages have considered physical education of small account. Tho aversgo small stature and bodily inferiority of the race is to be at- tributed to this circnmstance more then auy other. The early Christians also misinter- preted the Bible. Hence nrose the austeri- ties and penances of the first Christian cen- turies and the middle ages. St. Smwox Sryrrres glorified Gop by liviag on s pillar for thirty years. St. Doxinic did soven years' pengnce, and was rewarded with “Dentific visions,”—hallucinations arising from nervous disorders,—which he ig- norantly supposed were communications from Gop. St. ANTHONY submitted to temptations of the Devil that have been commemorated in noble paintings, but were only extraordinery in that he did not suc- cumb to them. So it was with nearly all the early smints and martyrs. The first Popes ware chosen for their disregard of earthly comforts, and subsequent ones were praised for self-denials which they had tho good- will te, preach, if not the patience to prac- tice. After the Reformation, the Protestant Church ' continued largely in the same way of thinking and preaching. If Lurnen had not abused his body he would not have thrown his izkstand ot the Devil, because, probably, he would have seen no Devil to throw it at; or, if he had thrown it with a clear eye and & strong arm, he wonld not have missed his aim, The effects of the neglect of the body, induced by the mistakes of Jewish and Cristian teachers, ard until lately advocated by thom, may bo seen in the race to-day. Progress in knowledge and morals has not been nccompanied by the growth or develop- ment of the body. Tke Europenn races are physically inferior to the old Greeks nnd Romans. According to Xexorsox, tha Spar- tan soldier in heavy ‘marching order Lad accoutrements that weighed seventy-five pounds, exclusiva of the camp, mining, and bridge-building tools. The rations of bread and dried fruit, which were issued in woekly installments, increased the burden of tho infantry soldier to nimety, minety- five, or even to a full hundred pouuds. “This load,” says a recent writer in the Popular Science Monthly, ** was often carried 8t the rate of four English miles an hour for twelve hours: per diem.” The gymbastic tests applied by the recruiting-officer of a picked corps would appear preposterous in this-day. *‘Tall and well-shaped men could not pass the preliminary examination unless they were ablo to jump their own height verticellv. 'and thrice their own lenzth horizontally, and two-thirds of thoso dis~ tances ‘1 full armor; pitch a weight equsl to one-third of their own to a distance of twenty yards, and throw o javelin with such dexterity that they ~would not miss a mak of the size of a man's hend more than four out of ten times at a distance of fifty yards, besides other tests referring to their expertnessin the use of the bow and the broadsword” Grent stories are told of parsonal feats. of prowess by successful contestants in the Olympian games. Porypairos fractured the ‘skull of asteer with a single blow of his fist, and tamed a wild horse by twisting his hind legs. Mo of Crotona could not be moved from his position by a four-horse team if ho braced himself against a rock. A Theban gladintor killed three picked men of the Persian body-guard in s few minutes’ contest, fighting them all at the same time. Longevity, which is tho best test of physical endurance, was common among the early Grocks. The writer whom wo have already once quoted says in this connection: The second census of Trajan furnishes some cu- rious statistics on this sudject, and shows that among the 28,000,000 intabifants of Northern Italy, Greece, and Jlagna Grecia (Southern Ttaly and Bicily), thera were 11,000 centenariane, 750 of whom had passed 190 years, eighty-two their 150th, and twenty their 175th year of 1ife, - while three were double centonarians,and, respectively, 0,208, and 218 years of age. Four brothers of an Albanjan family had passed their 110th year, The same census shows that, among the indvlent races of Asia Minor, Egypt,and Palastine, the pro- portion of centenurians in every 1,000,000 of fn- habitants was conslderably lower, and mot much above the present average. The Greek training was wise in making provision for the physical education of the women. Weak mothers cannot produce a race of stalwart men. Hence the law of Lycurcus provided free training-schools for both sexes, and cautioned parents ngainst giving their daughters in marriage before they had attained the prescribed degree of proficiency in certain exercises. Within the memory of men now living the doctrine of a muscular Christianity was first espounded in England by Cmartes Kives- rEy. He felt that the Pagans had the benefits of physical education too much to themsolves, and that it was not too late to imitate their example. He found sympsthy and material assistance among the better class of English people. Tox Hucnes preached this doctrine most warmly in his books, without which no boy's library is now complete. English educators generally took the idea up and enforced it as for as possible. Boating, cricket, hunting, sparring, and every other variety of athletic sport, were encouraged, and they have gained a firm hold of school and university lifa both in England and America. But the effects have not been felt as they should be outside the scheol and the university. There is need of a reform that shall reach the latter- day ascetics,~whose dovotion is more apt to be to business than to religion,—the clerks, accountants, salesmen, bankers, writ- ers, lawyers, doctors, and clergymen. These have been broken down by neglect of the simplest precautions against ill-health and disease. They have tried chemical instead of mechanical remedies,~—have run parts of their physical machine at high rates of speed, and forgotten to run others at all. ‘What wonder that they bave in tov many instances wasted their lives, that their minds and imaginations have outstripped and worn out their bodies? They need some system of rational exercise which shall bring the whole population out into the fresh air, and develop the lungs and mauscles by use and training. This systom cannot Le described offhand, or set down at all in rules; but we are quite sure that it is not a pastime like the national game of base- ball, which permits excrcise to be taken by proxy. The mew remedy will perhaps be found in the development of s national mili- tia, which shall call out all the citizens of military age, and, furnishing them with arms and equipments, give them plenty of training days. Jomy ADAMS used to say that Virginia could be made to resemble Now England if sho would adopt threo New England institu- tions ; the meeting-house, the township or- ganization, and the irsining-day. The training-dey ~ furnished precisely the kind- of exercise which is most boneficial, combining a free use of the arms and legs with plenty of fresh air, It had, moreover, the advantage of being capable of indefinito expansion. Ourword * exercise” is itself derived from tho Roman word for army, and the idea conveyed by it is fally carried out in Germauy, whero the young soldiersare put through a course of vigorous training scarce- ly inferior to that practiced by the old Grecks, The German is, indeed, the only nation which has sound and healthy notions of living, and they bave brought many of their habits of physical exercise to the United States, as may be seen smong the Turners. Their practice is fortunately find- ing imitators. The French and Italians have introduced physical exercises in their armies, and the English have established a volunteer force, alrendy numbering 175,000 men, The United States nlone are wholly without proper provisions of this descrip- tion. How long will it be before the idea of a uniformed national militia and national training-days shall teke possession of all the young men, aud result in a state of healthy living more in accordance with trne religion than the old ascatic order of things ? BODY-SNATCHING AGAIN, Cincinnati is very naturally scandalized snd aroused over tho latest case of body- suntching in that city. The victim was the son of an ox-President of the United States, and himself an old and highly-respected citi- zen of Obio. He was buried in a suburban cemetery near the historic Harrisox farm, and the very next day his body was found hung up in the Olio Medical College in Cin- cinnati. Tho circumstances of the case, which are peculiarly shocking, sre thus epitomized by the Cincinnati Commercial: Wo havo never been called upon to speak of a more thocking outrage thun that of the robbery of the grave of the Hon. Jous Scorr HAnmisox. But yesterday the Commercial contained a report of his Tuneral services, Ilis remaing were carried by old citizens, who were bis near friends, and placed in a spot sacred in the history of the country. The crave was prepared with extraordioary care. The fron casket wae placed in_masonry, and covercd with an 1mmense stone aud cemenied, before the carth waa thrown tn. It was ascertained that the €on of a poor wicow had been removed from his grave in the ncighborhood, and one of Mr. Han- Ris0N's 8043 camic {0 the city on the generous ers rand of king the body of the widow’s sun, and, not knowing the desecration of his father’s grave, cnd that honored father at the Obio Medical Col- ¢, with a rope about his neck, by which he had been suspended, until wanted in thé’ disvecting- room. ‘Ihere never was anything more dramatic than the incidents of this Uiscavery. Tho sense of umozement and indignation with winch the strange intelligence was received in this communi- ty can hardly be described. and Mr. HakRisos's old neighvors are_excited and distressed iv an ex- traordinary degree, and 2nTi0ns to take vengeance on the responsible partics. It is doubtful whether the law woutd ve allawed to take {ts course 1n case the guily were speedily alecovered. . Gen. BEx- 42305 Haumisos, of Indiana, 14 fn the city,.and Is resolved to nscertain who are responsible, and to cuuse their punishment. In the indignation felt by the citizens of Cincinnati, there is evidently a disposition to hold the College Faculty to & certain de- greo of responsibility. The janitor bas al- rendy been arrested, and there is an inclina- tion to enforce the penalty of 1,000 fino and six months' imprisonment provided by “the law, not merely for those actuslly guilty of removing o corpse from & place of sepul- ture, but also for those who receive, conceal or secrete any carpse 5o removed, and those who assist in any surgical experiment or demonstration therewith.” It is probable that the discovery of the grave-robbers will quiet the popular wrath soas not to carry the case to an actual prosecution of ths Col- lege authorities. Cool judgment will con- vince any one that the strict aud vigorous enforcement of so sweeping a law would re- sult in depriving the colleges: and medical men of all means for the practical study of anatomy and demonstrations in surgery so necessary to their usefulness. i We think that the real lesson which this conspicuous and aggravated outrage should teach is the nocossity that every State should provide by law a legitimate and un- objectionable system for furnishing -medical colleges with subjects for dissection and demonstration, This is entirely feasible. The bodics of criminals and paupers who have been a .charge upon the State while living, and whose friends do not clsim the privilege and bear the oxpense of burial when they die, are numerous enough to supply the legitimate demand for medical demonstra- tion and instruction. .Thero is no roasonable objection to such a disposition of such re- wmains. The outrage of despoiling a grave and dissecting a lifeless body is not upon the dend, but upon the living relatives and friends of the decoased. The study of anatomy and surgery 18 too useful tosociety to be prevented by laws calculated to withhold from colleges ond instructors the necessary subjects for demonstration. Humsan sympathy is not shocked in the abstract by post-mortem dis- seclion, but only when the remains are dear to those left behind, who bave a lagitimate claim upon disposing of them in the usual Christisn way. By enabling the medical colleges to sacure the necessary corpses in a legitimate manner, the revolting business of body-snatching will be broken up for all time. The medical men will not incur the penalty, the disgrace, and the greater expense of securing dead bodies in an unlawful way when they can obtain them lawfully and In this manner such outrages as that at Cincinoati can be permanently cheaply. guarded against; and science, the public health, public morals, and human sympathy olike demand a revolution in the present practice. A FORMER RUMOR. The recent probate disclosures in the progress of the settlement of the estate of the late Mr. Wrmrnw F. Coonsavcm have sttracted universal attention. Ordinarily the settlement of an estate is a matter of purely private concern, in which the public bas no interest or right to inguire. The fact of men enjoying the reputation of large wenlth being overtaken by reversss, and brought to the vergs, if not to actual bank- raptey, is of too general occurrence to pro- voke any more than & day’s surprise, to be forgotten with the occurrences of the next day. It is, moreover, no unusual thing, in sifting after doath the affairs of business men, to find tkat estates that were ex- pected to be large and substantial are mere shells ond valueless ; and the world accepts these things as part of the history of the strange, exciting, and unprecedented times in which we live. . The fact that Mr. CooLBiUGHS estate shows that that gentleman died compara- tively poor ; that tho large woalth of half a million or more imputed to him when living, had passed from him; and that for some time before he died he was doing business really for others, who owned the property that stood in his name, has given a new interest and intensity to the mysterious and extraordi- nary circumstances of his suicide. It is with no purpose to wound the feelings or to in- terpose o public dicussion of purely private affairs that we are led to give publicity to a theory concerning the business of the late Mcr. Coornpaves, which, while thers is no public evidence of its truth, will be judged by each person who knew all the parties, and such estimate placed on it as such knowledge may justify. Mr. CooLnsvgE Was 8 man of ocultivated ability, Though a strictly business man, dovoting his time and energies to his business with untiring fidelity, he was never- theless & man of strong literary tastes, a close student of political economy, and a man every way qualified and entitled to a warm political ambition. Despite the ex- actions of his business, ha was & party man in the highest sense of the term. He sought the elevation of his party that it might merit, and by meriting attain, success, and in the success of the party he hada reasonable ambition to share the honors it might have in its power to bestow. It is violating no confidence, and in 1o way re- flecting upon the character of the man, to sny that he had looked forward to a seat in tho United States Senate as something to which he might becomingly aspire. Among the members of the same political party in this State was 3r. Davm A. Gace. Tho two men werae close and intimate friends. In 1869 Mr. Gace was olected City Troas- urer. He was then wealthy, and it is con. ceded that he did not seek the office for any gnin it might offer. During the yoars 1870- '71 the profits of the officc were very great, all of which, after deducting the expenses, Mr. Gacr accounted for to the City Treas. ury. No man stood higher, personally or officially, in the ostimation of the community then did Mr. Gacs. In October, 1871, ocenrred the fire, and a month Iater Gace was re-elected, In 1873, in September, occurred the panic, the immediate destruc- tion of credit, and the goneral prostration of business. Severnl banks closed, among them that of Mr. Coornaverm ; butina few days he reopened his doors and resumed Business. In the meantine a city election was pending, and Mr. GAGE was defeated. Then come rumors of his inability to meet his official obligations, and in Decem- ber it was found that he was in default, in round numbers, 400,000. The theory to which we refer connects the defalcation in the City Treasury with Mr, CoorpataR, which caused all the trouble that followed, ending in the extinction of the once handsome means and estate of the banker. The assumptions on which this theory ars founded are, substantially, that Gace and CooLBATGH Were intimate personal friends; that they had business relations of the most intimate character; that Gage had a million or mora of city money in his hands; that he had control over it, and, s0 long as he psid tho principal and interest to tho city, it was no one’s business where he kept it; that he and Coorpavey, in 1871 and in 1872, specu- lated largely, especially in mining business in Colorado; shat both, being wealthy and of good credit, felt sble at any moment o rmse the money and re- store it to the city if called for; and that while thus engaged, with a million or per- haps more invested, the panic came. In an instant there was a collapse. * It was imvos- siblo to sell or to borrow. Al that was in. vested was practieally sunk. for thy time. If ~GaceE were re-clected thy defaleation. could be carried over; g hs was defeated there would be an exposurg,- Gaox was defeated, and then, it is assumeq, began the work of Mr. CooLnivcn to rni!; money to replace that borrowed from g Gity Tronsury. Whatever may have besy tha sum of money used by Gace befors the povic, thero was a deficit of nearly half 5 million in December, when Gage left office,- and the differance betwoen the sum sed gng the ascertained defalcation is assumed to have been raisod by Alr. COOLBATGI! by loang on everything he possessed, and thess logng eventually sacrificed the bulk of hus cstate, Subsequently thero was an intimation or pri. vate rumor that the wholo sum of cityy money was originally loaned by, Gack tec): nically to the bank, in which case the bapks might be in some way responsible to the city; nnd, while these things were canvassed, the death of Mr. CooLnatGx took place, Tt is due to all partios to state that Afy, Gace, upon being informed that such - story or theory was discussed in the city, promptly and vigorously donied there! was foundation or warrant for any por.’ tion of it. The disclosure by the legal rep., tho cons” resentatives of Mr. CooLnaucn of dition of his estate has rovivéd'the former report, and we present the whole story asip ‘was bruited many months ago, indorsing no part of it, but leaving each reader to estj- mate the probabilities a3 he may think they are worth, THE DISEASE OF INTEMPERANCE. We _have already printed in Taz Trpees the main points counccted with Dy, D'UxcEr’s discovery of Cinchoransa curg for drunkenness, and have also given to the public his interesting trentise’ on Dipso- mania. A gentleman of this city who i ip. terested in the subject has had some cor. respondence with Dr. D'UNcEn upon differ ent phases of the guestion, which has de- veloped some further points of general jn- terest. The Doctor’s correspondent argued upon the assumption that alcoholism wasa natural, inherited taste, and was universal, ood that it was transmitted. Beinga natural - taste and not = disease, how could it be re. moved by medicine? How could the natarsl desire for drink be removed any mors than that for food? If it were possible to curg this natural taste, would it not also b pos- sible to cure all other physical, and even mental, tastes? If tho taste for drink can be cured, cannot the taste for music bo cured by medicine? In his replies the Doctor brings out two important points, or, rather, advonces iwo important theories.” The first pertains to the nature of alcoholism; the second to its alleged transmission. He boldly assumes in the first instance that it is ‘not a natural taste, but a specific dissase, cud consequent- 1y can be cured. He establishes four centres of the nervous system,—the Idcational or In- tellectual, the Sensorial, the Reflex, and ths Orgnnic, each acting independently within certain limits, but beyond these limits each subordinate to the.next higher. The dis- ease, he claims, lics in the Sensorial centrs, notin the Intellectual, and Cinchona holds the system up until nutrition properly and normally commences, just as stimulants operate in the caso of typhoid fever. In an. other lotter ho defines the discase with more precision. As the result of an sutopsy upoa a pouper who had died of mania-a-potn he found that the cells of the carebellum ganglia were puffed up, .and that, their openings were yeasty 1n char. acter. When yeast is exomined under the microscope the cells are found to be filled with vegetable fungi that hava the power of propagation when mixed with sugar. By analogy, therefore, tha Doctor claims that it is only ressonabla to suppose that, when the nerve cells are fed with alco- holic condiment mixed with the sugar of the blood, they become the seat of fungi, either es living organisms or cryptogamicoccupants, and that they can be removed by the appro- priate remedy that will destroy them. Upon thesecond issue,~—that of hereditary transmission,~the Doctor claims that the disease is not necessarily hereditary, be- canse Nature does not engraft disease proper upon offspring. If it were so, then all the children of a dranken father would be in- fected with it, wherens it rarely happens ,[ that thero is more then one drunkerdin & family. He assumes, in common with many other scientists, though in opposition to tho usually accepted tleory, that thers is mo direct transmission of disease, but an indi- rect one, which is tantamount to a predis- position, and that we ourselves are chiefly reponsible for the maladies from which we suffer. Ho says: *If drunkenness werd hereditary, would not the majority instead of the minority of the children of a family be- come inebriates? Would not females as well as males be subject to the taint? If there was not a germ,—it may be a living organ- ism or a fungus,—the craving dssire for liquor would mot cowe on as it does.” To the argument that this craving occurs be- cause the body becomes morbid, he auswers, ‘What makes a man in perfect health morbid if it is not something within? ¢ Whena man eats, sleeps, and works well ho is not morbid. It is the germ or deposit that brings abqut the condition that induces the debauch.” It is this germ that Cinchona Rubra destroys. The Doctor ssys: “Iam positive it eradicates the germ orroot. Parties whom I have cured tell me they do not expe- rienco the samo feelings they did between their sprees, but a different ono, liku' that they felt before they ever drank any liguer ot all.” A former victim of intemperance says: “I have a feeling of freedom,— one that makes the sight of liquor appesr liko any other thing befors me. I have 20 desire to tasto it. I am not afraid of it, 83T used to be.” g The strongest proofs of the radical s2d therefore permancnt cures effected by Cin- chona come from the patients themselves who have been treated. BSeveral of thesd testimonials are from Chicago people, whoso names it would not be proper to state pu Ticly, but they bear very strong testimony to the effectiveness of tho cure. In view of such evidonce, it matters little perhops whether intemperance is the exercise of 8 natural toste or a disense in itself. It estal- lishes the position that the remedy, if really o specific, should be used by all thosa who want to cure themselves of drunkenness- Ifa man does mot want to cure himself, 2nd is detormined to go to destruction, bo will not uge it at all. They have had 2 highly comic murder trial ab Paris, where a pharmscist was convicted of pofsoning his wife. There came Into the bo< the woman's father, a pland old Lourgebls, ¥ho stupetied the Judge by sayiog that be pever could bear the prisoner, **and so™ he accepted. bim 85 a son-in-law. Also the murderer’s busk ness partner, who had his suspicions of bis as- sociate when he found that that essoclate 1ay in ‘Ded utter 7 8. m.,—suspiciuns which increased when that associate took to making love to the” - DT B ——