Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 10, 1878, Page 4

Thye i, TERMS OF SURSCRIPTION, BY MAIL—IN ADVANCE—TOATAGE PREPAID, af Editton, one yesr... T aye arta o Air. Eurday Laitlo Donblegneet. Enturday Edition, tweive pares.. it Weekiy, one year. aTtsof nyear, per = WEERLY EDITION, POSTPAID. L per yen o Foher. 1 Epecimen et Give Post-Oea wddress 1n fnl), Inelnding Stats and Dounty, Itemfltances may ba made efther by draft, expresa, Tost-Office order, or fn regiatered lestern, &t our Hsk. TERMS TO CITT SURSCRIDERS. Delly, delivered, Bundsy excepted, 23 cents per week. Latly, delivered, Gunday included, 50 cents per week, Addresa THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearborn-sta., Chicago. Il Orders for the deliveryof Tnz TRinvxz2 st Evanston, Englewood, and iyde Park left In the countng-room wilireceive promot attention. T ——— TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES, TRE Cu104G0 TRIRUNK haa estabilshed branch offices or the receiptof subscriptionsand advertisements a3 Sllowar NEW YORR~Toom 20 Tribune Dullding. F. T. Mo+ Faboew, Managed, - PARIB, Ffance—No, 16 Rue de I Grange-Dateliere. . Manizn, Agent. LONDON, Eng.—-Ametrican Exchange, 440 Strand, Uxxxr F. Grite, Agent, HAN FRANCISCO, Cal.—Palace Hotel, ADUSEMENTS, MoVicker’s Thenatre. Msllton etrect, between Dearborn and Btate, “ After Dark," Iiooley’s Theatre. Randolnh rireet, Dbetween Clark aod LaSslle, Emerson's Mihstrels, New Chlengo Theatre, Clark street, opposite Sherman llouse. Engage tacotat J. Z. Litte. **Hoving Jack." tinverly’s Theatre, 3onroe street, vorner of Dy Arama of the Chicsgo Fire. Collaeam, Clark street, opporlte new City-Tlall, Varfety en- dertatoment. Afterovon and evenlag, Terahey 1Iall. adlson strect. betwecn Btato tert by Jeanle Watson and Jam: d Dearborn, Cone Hardy, BOCIETY MEETINGS. ORIRN' 123 1asw WASIHINGTON CHAPTER, No, 43, 11, A, M,—-fpe. cInl Convovation this (Friday) eventng st 7:30 o'clock, {or otk on the luyal Arch Degree. Visiting Como uus cordially favited. Hy order of the M, K, 11, P, CHARLES 8. WRIGNT, Becretary. WAURBANRIA LODGE, No.100, A.F.and A, Meghten: ular Communicniion ihie (Frivay} eveniug, st Masonlo Hall. 76 Montoe:st. Work on M, 3. Degrae, A full ate tendance of lrothiren ledeaired, ~ Visitura coritatly fus vited. J. C. HUWELL, Secretary, FRIDAY, MAY 10, 1878, Greoubacks at tho New York Stock Ex- chango yesterday cloaed at 993, Tho latest {ndications @e that the Sonato ill ndopt the amendment to the pending Bankrupt-Ropoal bill fixing the date of re. penl for Hept, 1,—being s compromise be. tween the advocatea of immediate repeal and thoso Beuators who favor Jau, 1, 1879, as the limit, ——e— Ald. Corrgnton's mlschievous scheme for smending the Fire ordinance so ns to por- mit tho ercction of a eordon of wooden buildings around the entire city has made ity appenrance in the new Council, While thero is probably no danger that the under. takiog will succood, the Oduncil shonld nevertheless loso no time fn sottling the Yuestjon by lnyiug CurLesron's ordiuance on the table indefinitely. —— e Tho Electoral.investigation business hangs £%0 In the Houso, tho mauagers being appar- ently uncertain asto the precise degree of support thoy can expoct at tho hands of Speaker Ranpavy, without whose co-opera. tion it will bo possible for the Republican minority to delsy if not altogether defuat tho introduction ot any mensuro looking to tho one-sicled investigation which the Dem- ocrats propose, It is evident that the course I3 not clear, nnd that wome obstructions must bo removed befora the party lines ara in working orde — Yeslerday's proceedings in Congress con- sisted in tha passage by the Senate of the Imdian Appropriation bill, with uumerous rmendments rolative to the mansgement of tho nation's aboriginal wards; tho discussion {u tho Senato of the mnendments intended to Dostponw the date when the ropenl of the Dankrupt law shall take effect; and in the Houss the dolivery of specches on the Tariff Lill by Judge Kewrey, of Peunsylvania, aud JMr. Hannis, of Georgia, the former in oppo- sitiou to aud tho latter in support of the bill wd reported by tho Ways and Means Com. wittee. A signifizaut cplio e, us.boaring upon tho adjust uent of complications betweon Russia nud Logland, {8 noted in the request of 8ir Srarrorp Nortscote, the Conserva- tivo louder ju the Ilouse, for the postpone- 1aent of & request to sot apart a duy for dis- cussing the forelgn policy of the Government. That such a request should Lo made to the Radical member who proposed tho discussion is vegarded as an indicatiou that the Cabinet will shortly be ablo to sunounco that oll threatening con. ditions Liave been practically removed, and that the uecessity for discusaing the question in Parlismoent no longor exiats, The menibers of the Board of Education need bo under o apprehension of wasling their time and esergics wrestiing with the tchool-book monopoly. Al they can do toword reduciog tho cost to scliolars of the books preseribed for use in the city schools will* practically operate us a reduction of taxer, for thu purchase of books for their children is to many poor families a serious problem in theso scrimplog times, A reduc. tion of 85 or 50 por caut §u the price charged 8t pressut by tho school-book monopoly is viell worth all the labor and troublle shat the Heliool Inspoctors oan dovolo to the under: taking, aud the present egitation of the tjucstion in tho Boord should not ceaso until something tongiblo and permanent shall Lsve bren accomplished, ‘Tho appesl of Burnny, one of the Mce CoxviLLe wurderers, now under senteace of deatl, for an sppropriation by the County Loard to pay the cost of taking his case to the Supreme Court on o writ of error, was yesterday denfed, recoiving but two votes out of fourtecen. Even supposing that the Board could luwtully appropriate woney for such o purpose,—which 13 by no means cer- tain,—there is no valid reason why the Ppeo- plo sbould bo taxed to asust a condemned criminal to escape from the consequences of his ¢crime. 'The statemont that Suragy has . mot bod justice done bim is an et parto sssumplion uot warraated by oveisge human experience in this locality, where it too oftea happens thet the com- wuuity and pot the crimina) fal's to get Justice. Commissionsr Srorvoap mado the ensiblo point, in opposition to the pe- tition for an appropriation, that it was for the connty to proseonts, mot to defend criminals, and that the people, having onco been taxed to pay the cost of trial and con- viction, ought not to be tazed sgain to pay the cost of kicking it all aver, —— A social event of national interest—the wedding of United Btates Senator J. Dovarn Cauzroy, of Pennsylvania, and Miss Evtza. pern B, Sumnsaw, danghtor of Judge Coarrzs T. Smxnuan and meco of Gen, W. T, Baeruax and Jonx Bnemaraw, Secralary of the Tronsury—is chronicled in our, dispatches this morning with tention to detail that will be of absorbing interest to the fair reader everywhers. The wedding was what the position of the principals wonld naturally involve—an sffair of extraordinary brilliancy in the distingnished attendadce, the cos- tumes, tho prosents, the decorations, and all that goes to make up a grand hymenesl suc- cosa, The Appollate Conrt of this district yes. terday gave jndgment in the second branch of the cases assailing the city scrip. Tho de. cision of the Circuit Jndges (given last week) was in a case involving the legality of the serip of 1878, —ths four Judges refusing to enjoin the fssud of the Tresury orders. The cage decided by the Appellate Court was on the application to enjoin the payment of tha certificates of 1877, and also thoso of 1875, The Court holds that the certifieates of 1877 are within the rule Inid down by the Bupreme Court in the Sptingflold case; are not debts, ‘and there- foro ought not to bLs prohibited. The Ap- pellate Court holds that the certificates of 1875 aro payablo out of taxes against which they were drawn, and that it was intonded they should be paid out of thoso taxes when collected, and the Court bolds that there ia nothing inequitable in their paymont out of the funds thus collected. This ronders the payment of taxes of 1877 {n ecrip of that year legal and valid, THE THIRD PARTY, The Ponnaylvanin Convontion of the so- called ** Nationals” sets tho third party fairly onits feol asa soparato sudindependent politi. cal orgauization, appealing to the suffrages of the poopls with deflned aims and purposes, While it wonld’ unquostionably be better for the country if the theories ropresented by the Communists could be re. pressed altogethor, we aro inclined to tho belict that their concentration Into a distinct palitical party fs & matter for congratula- tion so long as total repression is out of the qnestion. This will bo the fairest way for tho Communists (sud the Nationals are nothing moro nor less than Communists) to test their popularity and strongth in this conutry. 8o long ns they affected sym- pathy or sought allianco with one or the other of the existing partics, thers was dangor that their roal purposs would be con. cealed, snd they might galn votes under false pretenses that would ultimately lead them into overestimating their own strength and botray them into an excess of sslf-confldence that wonld inoke a great deal of trouble. Ho long as they wore beliaved to be m formida. blo faction withont a separate organization, tho mauagiug politicians of both the Repub. lican and Democratio parties wonld pander more or less to their mischisvons vagaries, and thero would result a confusion of plat- forms and a prostitution in legislation that wonld not fail to work inluite injury to the consorvative property Interests of the coun- try, It 18 well, therefore, that the Nationals whould sound thelr own toosin, carry their own flag, promulyate thelr own demands, and outer the field of politics to fight for thomsolves, Tho recent Philadelphia Convention has demonstrated that the Nationals aro dotor- wined npon this independent nction. Oue clroumnstance alone attosts this sufiolontly, Twoof tho leading candidates for the Guber- natorial nomination were Watanr, a Domo- cratio . Cougrossman from Pennsylva- nis, who has made Limsel? conspicu- ons Ly his Communistio sontiments, and ArwoTnong, s Republican politlcian who oxpected to carry off a large Republican vote with him. It was even thought that either of thesamen, once nowminated by the Nationalists, could also secure tho nomins. tion of lis own parly,—an event which would certalnly have given the Nationals greater numaerical strongth than they can commnand alone, Hut the Convention would uot listen to any such proposition, and Misox, ono of thelr own number, was nominated. by an overwhelming vote. Wrrout's rejection was not because ho is in nny way opposed to the Communistio doo. trines of tho Nationals, but bocause Lo atill acts with the Domocrats; ArdaTnona's fail- ko wos not on aégonnt of any appreliension in the Convention that he would not pander to tho Communistio eloment, but on acconnt of his continued affiliation with the Repub. lican party, Tho general sentiment of tho Convention was In favor of severing all connoction with tho old organizations, and such was the result, This was an open, atraightforward, and commendable courso to pursue, and it deprives both Democrats and Republicaus of auy temptation and oxcuse for pandering to the fallactes and iniquities of Communiss, From now on it may bo safely predicted that tho party which shall undortuke to assimilate the pernlcious doc- trines reprosonted, Ly tho Nationals will abandon auy claim to conservatism aud drive the roponsiblo classes over to tho opposing camp. It the Democrats shall continue to court an alliauce with the Communistio elo- wont, as they have been doing to u consider. able oxtent throughout the counmtry, the property-owners and business-men of that party will aot with tho Republicans. Noth. iug is more cortain thau thot Communiem, once cloarly defined 84 & political lusue, will euconuter the solid, united resistance of all men who have property rights and interests to conserve and dofend., In entoriug upon an avowed struggle for independent political existonce, the Nationals havo evidently osunted upon one important elemont that will desert them. The Amerl. can farmers have nothlug in common with them. Acouploof yearssgo, thaterm * Gran. gor" was identified with that class of the Auwerican population that demauded an irre. deemable paper currency, *founded upon the faith aud resources of the pation, and equal {u volume to the busincis' demands of tho country.” ‘This phrese was never clearly defined, but it fascinated a Jarge number of the farmers. It opened up visions of an abundance of money, high pricea for their crops, speedy emancipation from debt, the cornival of war times,—and, without stop- ping to reason out the natural consequences of auother national dobsuch, thoy readily jolned the inflstion lunatica DBut this solecism of flat monoy is but an fusignificant iucident in the programme of the * Nation. al” party as it is now organized, Tho de- wand for an uolimited and irredecmable an At paper currency is no longer the sole, and not even the most prominent, demand of the third party. Tho first and foromost aim of the Nationals is to nso the Government as an agont for tho distribntion of other poo- ple's properiy. It is to begin by fur nishing Government monoy to colonizs and support the tramps and city loafora; the noxt step will be to demand for theso classes Ianda that have already been improved,—for the Communists are not people who want to accumulato property by bard labor of their own, Mennwhile, the farmers ars asked to support a law forbidding men to work more than elght hours a day, though theirown interosts require that at certain sonsons they must work twelve hours, The farmers are expaoted to contributo to the support of Penitontiary conviots in idlencss; to oppose the natural and practical syatem of Iaborcon- tracts; to tax industry and frugality by in. oreasing the fwposition in proportion to the enlargement of savings; to prevent chul- dron from learning to work for themsclves; to set their face against all inventions calen- lated to fncrease producjion and save labor ; and, {n a word, to nssumo new hiardships and dangers in order to maks 1ifo easier for the non-productive and loafer classea that infost the towns. There is no principle nor purpose of Grangerism that has anything in common with these docirines, and the Commuuista count without their host when they think they can deceive tha shrowd monse: of the American farmer by approprinting a name with which the farmer bLas nssociated other notions, Of all classes in this country that Communism has roason to most dread aro the farmors, who ars tho most powerful, formidable, and unrelonting,~—wheroin may be found another reason for being thankful that tho **Natlonals” have started out for themselves in political life, The agricultur- ista will henceforth seek that party alliance which offers thom the surest protection against tho menacs of Communism. —— BANK-NOTE CIRCULATION, A proposition ls made in Congress to go amend the National Banking law as to per- mit the bauke to have a note cironlation aqual, dollar for dollar, to the amount of their bonds deposited for circulation. Thia is not anaw, though it ia nono the less n sensible and desirable measure, When the Bank sot was originally pnased the margin of 10 por cant was less a protection to tho note-holder than tho bonds would furnish now, aven it notes were {ssued at the par valne of the bonds. The bonds of the United States aro all payable in coin, and even those boearing the lowest rate of interost have a promiam, and therais o conatantly acerning intorest, At prosont the banka are only allowed a circula- tion of 90 centa on tho dollar of the par val- e of the bonds ; but thay have to keep a cash deposit in the Treasury equal to 6 per ocent. Thero is, therefore, hold by tho Gov. ernment the Lond, the preminm thercon, the accrued intorest, and the cnsh deposit, amounting in all to an avorage of from $106 *to 3109 to securo each $90 of bank eirculs- tion, The monsure now proposed is to per. mit the banks to circulate $100 of notes for each $100 of bonds. ‘This, it enacted into a law, wonld leavo as a soourity for the redemption of the notes a very ample margin, The Government has posscssion of all the bonds; on thess bouds tho iflerost in pald somi-snnually, and is in the hands of the Government, and thero {s the cash deposit of 5 per cont, A bank failing, it would require from six months to two years to havo all tho notes sent in for rodemption, in which time the scorued in. torest on tho bonds would be sufficient alone to cover any possiblo doclino in the market value of the bonds. The enrety for the protection of note-holders would bo ample and unquostionable. The national advan. tages and bonefita aro no less important. Thoe present ocirculation of the National Banks, on the 00 per cont basls, {s nbout $320,000,000. 'The additional circulation ullowed by this chango would be $85,000,000, making tho total of $355,000,000, or an ad- dition of $35,000,000 to the loanablo funds of the country, This would give such anincrensoe of good money thatit would have tobe loaned to bo profitabls, and, to bo loaned on good security, would have to bo loaned nta ro- duction of the prosent rates of intorest, Tho inorensed facilities for borrowing would lead to {ncrensed employment of labor and of production. Nor would tho change bo un. profitable to the Government. The monoy in some form would find an investment in Government 4 per cont bonds, This would enablo the Government to reduco tho amount of the G per conts. The Govern. mont would recelve an increnso of tax on bank circulation, and an increase of tax on deposits, Bummed up, tho divect profit to {be Treasury may be thus stated ; Two per cent Interest on $35,000,000 bondy i l-n’ 700,000 culne Direct pain to Government annual- ¥ o0 sesieressnniiseninies o enes, $1,223,000 Thia additlon to the eurrency would bo legal and honlthful, It would bo an addi- tion to the redeomable currency,—redoema. Lle in coin. It would stimulato privato cap- ital to seck investment, and, seeking invest- ment, to employ labor and increass produc. tion. 1t would be an effectual cure for avy contraction of the currenoy that has taken place, and moy lead toa further expausion of the curroncy Ly the creation of now banks, and an onlargement of tho ciroulation of exiating banks, THE NEW BASES OF PEACE, The uew basls of arraugements ngreed’ upon by the Powers to Lo submitted to the Qzar, the conferences between Qon, Top. 1eoex and Adwiral Honnoy, the sudden de. parture of Oount Bououvarory, the Russinn Ambassador st London, to 8t, Petershurg, and the statements of Sir Braryorp Nortu. core, Chancellor of the Exchequer, in tho Iouse of Commons, give assurances of re. newed penceful negotiations betwoon Russia and England, and indioate the probability of a Congresa in which the treaty of San Ste. fano will bo discussed. ‘This combinntion of paciflc events moy at least be regarded as dispelling any possibility of an immediate outbroak of hostilities, and tho prospect of a pencetul sottlement is still further enhanced by the porsonal iuitiative which has bsen taken by the Czar in actingas his own Prime Miunister, pending the illness of Count Gonz- 808AKX07F, Whose physical condition is such a8 to preclude any hope that ho will again appear upon the stage of action ia the capac. ity of a diplomat. The Czar is as much in favor of peace ss - Gosrsousxors is of war, and it would be strauge it this clement of mortality, which is scarcely over taken into account in diplomatic negotiations, should after all form the turuing-point of a Eu- sopean peace, It adds to this probability that the new turn of the tido is dus to the COzar himself, and that Count Scuouvirors Boes to Bt. Potersburg in the porsonal coufl- donce of the Ozar, aud takes with him the wishes #ud purposes of tho English Govern- THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: FRIDAY- MAY 10, 1878, mont, which he can convey to the Gzar more effectunlly in person than by correspondence. Tho now baais of arrangoments anggested hy the Powers may bo regarded a8 the mint- mum that Rassia will sccure as her trophies of war, and she will, of conrss, undertaks to get as mnch more as she can in the Con. gress. They differ in somo respacts quite materially from the provisions of the treaty of San Btefano, which were mceepted by Tarkey. The latter Powor will not object to thetn, as, if they are put in oporation, she will escape much mors lightly than she doserves, or could even expect. Under the treaty of S8aun Btefano, tho whole of Bulgaria, the larger part of Roumelia, and a consider- able portion of Macedonia, Thessaly, and Epirna would como under Russian control, ‘while by tho new nrrangement Russian ad. inistention will be confined to the reglon north of the Bahmm, or Bulgaria proper. It is stated that the southern portion, or Roumelia, sball remain {o a groat ox- tent under the authority of the Bultan. This would seem to indicate that no Russinn military forea will be allowed in Roumella or Turkey proper, and that the Porte will be expected fo govern it under cortaln guaran. tees, the onfqreomont of which will bo looked after by mixed commissions, The whole objeot of the war would be nullified if any part of Turkey wers left td the nbsolute domination and the despotic and cruel ca- prices of the Bulian and his irresponsible agents, The liand of England is plainly visi. ble in the various divisions of the new bases. Tho second, which claima that the Asiatic componsation shall be reduced to the mini. mum, evidently relatos to Batoum and othor localitios of Asiatio ‘Tnrkey which command one of England's Indian routes, viz.: that by the Upper Euphrates Valley to the Persian Gulf, which las long boen considored by many English officers and statosmen a3 the most vital pro. tection England has for her Indlan posscsslons. By way of Khokand and Bokhars, Russia is already prossing closely upon Indin, and if sho had nn approach also from tho west, besides the command of the trado routo from Europe to Porsin which such an approach would securo her, English supremacy in Asia would bo soriously threat- onal. The third divislon rolates to the Straits question, and will be arranged here- after. As this is cxactly tho disposition which Russia has slwnys askad, it needs no discussion. Tho fourth division demands dofinite sottlement of the war indemnity. Hore again the hiand of England can be seon igtorposing in bebalf of the Londholders, A” doflnite mcttloment of tho indemnity must fnovitably prevent Russia from coming in 88 a proforred creditor, to the prejudice of bondholders to whom Turkish and Egyptian revonuea aro already pledged. In addition, it would pre. vent the possibility of the Turkish flect passing into Russlan hands,—a point upon which tho English are peculiarly sensitive, The last division, which gives Thossaly and Epirus tho right of self-governmont, thus socuring for thom the protoction of Europo and notional independence, is nlso of En. glish origin, aud is what England has more than onco given theso provinces to under- stand they ought to have. Bnch a dispost. tion of them onght also to bo aceoptable to Russin, na it will offectually rellove them from any possibility of oppression at the Liands of* Turkey, and sccura them their in. dependence moro effeotually than Iussia could ever hopo (o do alono, As these bases andonbtodly include the limits of English demand, tho way to tha Congross ought to bo now a short and sure ono, —— TWO POLITICAL STUPIDITIES, The * Nationnlists” of Ponnsylvania at their Btate Convention, Lald on Wednesday at Philadelphia, nominated o Btato ticket upon a distinct platform, having for their purpose tho making of a direct issue befors the people. Tho Nationalists are the suo. cessora of what has hithorto been known as the Workingmen's party. To this the Com- munists are gravitating, and in a short time tho whole will, after partial disintogration, rovolts, and seccssions, sottle down into an exclusively Communist organization, 'Tho platform of the party embraoes near- ly overything specinl and general of n revo. lubionary tendency, or that has been BUR~ gested by projudice, revengs, and ignorance, In tha long cataloguo of speclal demands aro two old ncquaintances: (1) The eight-hour syatem, and (2) that 8 per cent shall bo tho maximum rate of intorest. These roforms thoy proposeto accomplish by statutory regula. tions, violations of which shall be punished by appropriate ponalties. From tho persistoncy with which tho domand for an eight-Lour lnw {s presented a8 @ romedy for an alleged existing ovil, the presumption would bo that there s now eome law com. pelling men to work ten hours or more aday, No man is compelled by law to work any number of hours per day, or to work at all against his will or against Lis fres con. sont, Labor is frce and unshsckled, Each man is at liborty to work at whatover kind of labor he way think proper, and to work or not work at such rates ns ho can got. The quostion of hours is n quoestion of wages ond bargain, and woges Atp o matter that connot bo flxed by law, and an attempt to sot tho rato of wages by law would be an atlempt to reduce labor to slavery. Wages are nnd must be a matter of contract to which tho omployed and the employer must agree. The laborer must liave tho wages promised bim, and, to be en- titled to it, must render the service he agreed to perform, Wages aro governed by the qyuality as well as tho quantity of labor; two daya’ labor are entitled to twice the wages of one day, and when a man sgrees to labor threo days he caunot be poid with one day's wagoes, uor can he claim three days’ wages for ouo day’s work.: . Tho Liours constituting ‘& day's work, belng a m:lo{ 1 the amoqut of ‘wagces, is, of necessity, & part of the eon. tract, and men agree upon that just as well a3 upon the rate of wages. It is o matter that Nixos itself, and is utterly boyoud the reach of law. Itis governed by season, by chnracter of work, location, and various other cirowa. stances. In summer the farmors work twelve hours a day, whether they hiro labor ornot. In the epring and the fall thoy work ten to oleven hours, and in winter six to eight hours. ‘These are the hours of agri. cultural labor, and the agricultural laborers embraca half tho American people, Can any law of the Biate limlt the hours of labor by these farmery, or will the farmers porwit any law to interfere with the mansgement of their labor? In many lines of business the hours of labor aresix on snd six off, \mfldng night gud day,—such as navigation snd in iron-making, and varlous other brauches of business. As a general rule, eight hours are the length of a day's work now in winter, nine Lours in the fall and spring of the year, and ten lLours in summer, especially in all open-air employments. - At the most, any statute declaring that eight hoursshall consti- tute a duy's work must recousarly apply only to cases whore thero is an abssnce of eny contrnct. How can it be othorwise? How can the Biate prevent mon contracting to labor loss or more than eight hours? That is a mntter to bo dotermined by agreement betweon the persons interested, ‘The samo line of argument applies to the demand for s law limiting intarest to 8 per cent. Interest is s matter of. contract, and in ninety-nine cases outof every hnndrad the rate of interost is the resnlt of special agreement, The rate differs at different seasons of the yesr, and in various places. 1t is govérned largoly by tho character of the security, the length of the loan, and by varions other circumstances, markets are rising, when business ia nctive, ‘when there i an increase of employed labor, and demand for productions, there i a greater need for money, and tho rates of in- terest rise in sympathy with the domand. In dull, bard times, when labor is unemploy- od and wages are no longer on the rise, the rates of interest fall. Statutes can no more fix tho rntos of interest than it ogn fix the prices of goods, lands, or Inbor, or regulate the winds, the tides, or tho produot of the soil, Yet theso Oommunistio propositions, so confessedly irrational, form part of the platform which this new party insists shall bocoma the policy of tho nation. They ex- hibit tho strength of ignorance and unren- son, and how far that ignorance and non. roflection have been aggravated by the vapor- ing of demagognes. When the settler " goes in the distance tho smoke of the great fires which sveep over tho prairies at regular futorvala of time, consuming everything combustible in their track, he provides against the ** evil day " by setting what Is known in frontier vor, nacular ns @ ** back-fire.” Colloctor Antrum has noted on the horizon of his viston the smoke of the Binasmast and Hnpa invostigation. Tho wind ia in the right quarter to send tho Commission straight to Now York. Indoed, it will reach the Custom. House of that city in tho course of a wack. Mr. Arrnus accordingly has thought fit to sot a ** back-fire " in the form of n little in- voatigation of his own, He haa inspired his trusted henchman, Special Agent Bnaoxerr, to find in the Now York Custom.Iouso a dis- honest entry clock,~ono guilty of recoiving bribes. Mr. Bpecial Agont BraokeTT, g0 in. spired, hos found that of weceiving bribes on the part entry clerks has beon very general.” On the strongth of this discovery that Now York entry clerks aro gonerally dishonest, and particularly guilty of receiving bribes, Col- Jector Antuun has noted with deolsion, promptness, and cnergy, and deeapitated— ons entry clerk, But the one unfortunate does not proposo to stay decapitated. Why should he, it it bo a faot that ontry clerks gonerally aro in the habit of selling their sorvices to thieving importors? Ho has ap- pealed to Assistant-Bocretary of the Treasury Hawrry, If Mr. Haweey is & sharp lawyor be willinduco the decapltated entry clerk to ‘“turn Btate's ovidence.” Let Mr, Hawzey oxtraot from lim what he knows sbout the cnstom of recolving bribes by ontry clorke in the omploy of Mr. Colloctor Antnun. We suggost to Br. AnTnun that his little **back- firo" will scarcely eavo him. It may con. sume the dend grass about his frail home- stond, but the Binonast and Hinps investi- gation fires will go deepe: ‘When Mr. Burnuaw authorized tho investiga- tlon, ho had an imprension that the steating wonld provo to be s small affalr, and thas he might gain reputation as a watchful guardian of the publio tn- teroats by exposing and dovils in subordinato positiona. be a much bigger thing than he expected, involving the very influentlal head of the Bureau, aewell us the Hu'ponnluml!nl and some of thaso lower In the ofticlul scale. —Chicago Times, How does the Times know what Mr. Snzn- MAN'S impresslons wero when ho ** authorized ”? tho Chicago Custom-House building investiga- tlon¥ Will the Times be good enough to poins to a stngls surface-indication of an fnbentlon on the part of Sccretary BUBRMAN to suvpress the evidence and svade the performsace of his clear duty In tho promlses "1 Tho Times can- not polat to any such surface-inalcation. The Ttmes canuot sustain its Joose charges sgalnsg Becretary SBnrnMAN {n the mattor of the investi- gation by a partlcle of evidence. * It Is unly o few wecks slnco that the Times preforred grave charges agalust tho Intexrity and zood faltn of the Binuitast and iliNps Commission, und do- clared that the juvestigation was about to come toaon fuglorlous end. But the Commlssion pro- ceeded with its labors neverthelcss, and, on the 15th of tho present month, will assemble {n Now York City to conclude thelr labors with the investigation of the Custom-Ilouso at that port. 1nstend of exhibiting want of zeal In the mattor of the customs fuvestizatior, s alleged by tho Zimes, Becretary SUBRMAN hias organized all the conditfonsof success, Thachlef of these is tho appointment of citizens from Chicago, Bt. Loufs, and Cinclonatl, us metmbers of the Commission to eit during ita approaching scs- slon at Now York. The Times® assauits upon Sccretary BUERMAN in regard to the Chicago Custom-Housa building investization are as {dle and groundless as were those almed at him and ot the Bivonax and Hinps Commlission touching the investigation of New York Cus. toni-louse frauds. The report of Mr, Tnox- 80N, Assistant District-Attoracy, reached Washe ington on the eve of the departuro of Sccretary Buznyax for Ohlo, It awaits his return, when it will receive nttentlon. If, as tho 7TVnus ai- leges, 1t luvolves tho head of the Architect's Burcau and the Buperintendent of Construc- tlon, the head of the Bureau aud the Bupcriu. tendent will be dealt with accordlug to law, And {f they have commltted offenses justitylog thelr fndictment by s Grand Jury, Asstetant- Attorncy TuomsoN can be relicd upon to sc- curs such {ndictment. ——————— ‘That sprightly little perlodical, Puck, in ons of {ts reccat tssucs contafned a colored cartoon which has razcly i ever been excelled for satire. Inita way it Is worthy to rauk by’ tha side of CuuiksuANK's best cfforts, It s ontitled, “ Filth avenuo ten years after Mme. Restery's death.” Mme, RRSTELL'S late residence occu- ples & promigent place, and its windows and yard are full of blooming chilaren, The walks aud the street are full of children. Every front door-yard aad atoop fs occupled with chilldren cogaged in their sports. Little girls arc driy- ing Loups and little boyaare riding bycicles, Nurses are drawing babics in carriages sud tak- ing them out to the parks in the family coach, Folicemen are protectiog them from passing teams, Fathers are coming howe from the ofilce, and the children sre ruuning to mcet them. They arc In tho wiudows, at the daory, on the gate-post, running fu the strets, rolliog in the Erass, jumplng, hopping, and duucing sbout ss 1risky as kids, ond of all ages from the babe 1o arms up to the 10-year-older, while some femals groups fn tho forezround, by skill- ful use of tho pencll, Indicate that the work of repopulatiog Fifth avenue s by no meaus over, The palatial masslons are vo louger silent. Their halls ring with chlidren’s laughter sud shouts. What had been s barren desert now blossoms like tho rose snd bears frultful baryest, briuging with I pleasures not cujoyed before for ycars 1n those Juxurious Lomes, The death of the child-slayer bas let a flood of sunlight into the gloomy bouses. The cartoon uot only Indicates what might bappen as the result of Mwe, ResTsiL's desth, but t eloquently tolls what ought to happen, fuow that mo cbstacle etands in tho way, Ilts real moral ls & vlea for the chlldren, & hint to tmotbers, 8 protest agalust a great fniquity, It ks doubtful, however, whether the crimo will When tho | “ the custom of die with the criminal. Mmo. RRsTRLL Was not alone In the practice of her ghastly and inta- mous calling. There nre plenty of others to take ler place unless the law interposes with the same firmness that {¢ did In her case, 1f the law 18 properly executed, Lhere §s no good reason why Fifth avenue, ten years from now, should uot be populated with children, Instesd agers. ——— At the Cinclnnatl Festival, which takes place next week, two very sensible regulations will bo enforced: The tirst will forbld ladies to wear their hats during the performances. This witl sccure an uninterrupted view of the stage, As ladies' hats sre now constructed, & man of ‘average height cannot ses over them. Aa the rule s universal in its application, 1o one can complain. [t will serve the publlc conventenco and comfort, and, though some Jadles nay grieve over the prospect that they cannot dis- play their new heaa-gear, they have the com- tler without their high hats than with them, top of her piled-up hair; even 1f it were not so, sho should bo willing to sacrifice something for the common good,—es- pectally as the sterner sox make no objection to ‘removing their head-coverings, A lady sitting bebind o gentieman with a stove-plpe hat on can bavo some falnt fdea of the sufferings of a Rentleman eitting behind n fady with s hat of the period, towering above its substratum of twists, colls, and [rlzzes. Tho sccond regula- tion forbids any encorcs, 1t Is alinost nn equiy- alent for the expense of the trip to Cincinnati to attend seven concerts from which the encors flend Is peremptonlybanfshed. Hadsich a reg- ulation not been enforced, It might have becn pozsible that sonio of the Insane encorers might havo demanded a repetitfon of the Ninth 8ym. phony or the Grand Mass, ———— Whether Jonx M. BiNckLEY, Fsg., of Mil- waukee, committed sulcide or not rewalns un- solved. Tho latest impresston in Milwaukee secms to be that ho may *turn up alivo unex- pectedly* at suy moment. posed to be the last poetry he wrote before castiog bimself into the cold lake: My step halts lamely, My ey seca dimly, My heurt falls titnoly— *Tiu fato at yule I meet to-morrow, No more I borruw Torouad half sorrdws The oth {s fulll Thy deep, Urania, . Thy peace, Nirvana, Thy rest, Chlatlans, Ate Inine—I falll 8o vautly, only, Ea nightly, noonly, My sont—not lonely— And God il alf, J. M. B. Among the last veraes composed by Komeo at Jullet’s tomb aro the following. The differenco in atyle and sentiment aro quite marked: 0 here Will L sct up my everlasting rest; And shake the ‘y‘oke of insuspiclous atara From this world-wearied desh, mn desporato Ellot Now, uashing rocks thy ‘The New York Tribune has one of Hor's {m- proved double presses which prints two shects at onco from a roll one sheet wide, It thus de- scribes the contrivance, or ratber wha it does: The great and distinguishing peculiarity of this prees fs, that it n in all resoocts, excepting size, adonbla press. and that It prints two Zvidune sheots from a roll vno sheet wide, In other words, tho same roll of ‘upur can be used Indifferently, olther on the ringle or double press. On the ono, single shects are printod from it on the other, doublo shects, A year ago this would have beon considered impossivle, . Even yet most pressmen are unable to see how It can be done, and It requires B rathor elaborate explanation of the new method of imposing the plates, aplitting the sheet, and doubling the Linpressiona from one-half the plates over those from the other half, to make it ntelligi~ ble. 'The striking fact remains, howorer, that the dJouble press occuplos precisely n:.l.l same apaco once ran on Xk woary bark! and has grvc!wly the wame b and the aame huight os the singlo pre oand that jt prints two sheots st ouce from roll one sheot wide, ———— ‘Tweep'a cxccutors have glven up to the City of New York the title to a water-work prop- erty and an ossignment of half of an ex- Bherlll’s claim against the city for $300,000, by way of restitution. In makiog tho delivery of theso stolen goods, TWEBD'® agent saya that tho dead Boss wished to give it to the lving Boss, beeause the living Boss was the “only officer who liad publicly asked that good falth bo kept with him.” Tha beauty of tho thiog is that the titlo to the water-work property couldn’t legally be given to auy one else, the clty belng able to prevent a trausfer, whila the courts have uniformly declded that the ex- Bherifl’s claim 18 yalueless. ‘L'wexD's exceutors have, therefore, given hack magnanimonsly to tho city what ha wanted to steal but was uusble to carry away. —— The members of the Board of Education of Daveoport, Ia, have been arrested under a Stato statute wbich provides peoaities for tha violatlon of publlc dugjes. The violation is ul- leged to bu their refusal to sward & contract to the loweat bidder. 1f this thing Is allowed to g£o on, who will bo safol 1f ofticiale cannot vio- late contructs ot will, what Is the use of belng an officlal, or what Is too uso of contracts! A favorable decfsfon in such u case as the uboys would presuppuse that tacpayers had rights oflielals and contractors wers bound to respect. ‘This myth baving been cxploded over gnd over again, in this city at least, it would scem absurd at this late day toattempt to retnstato itasu fact, —— Alr. HHown is one of the inost famots men in Americs. Everybudy knows all about so emi- uent s statesun. Tho New York Erening f'ust # fuw duys ugo spoke of him as Senator Howe, of Missourt, aud uow the World ¢alls bim in a Lig head-lne over (Ikouas W, JULIAN'S lutter, “'the Wolverine Btatesmun.” That Mr, Hows ropresents Michigan has long been the bellef of the World, These are tritles, wo admit, but they show, with a certuin mneasure of accuracy,’ how wide {s the fame of the gentleman from Wiscunsin, Mr. Hows has pot abraidgd she chulr-cuehions of the Senato for seventecn yeurs || for nothing. . Buch is famne, —— The French Republicaus wens to the country, after the coup de tete of May 14 last, 883 strong, sod lost through omicla)l pressure und {ntimi- datlou some forty scats. ‘Fhe Assembly has relentleasly invaiidated afl olectious whero it could be proven that the electors were hnprop- erly lutluenced. Last sunday's Latch of uew electious brought the Republican streokth up to 842, snd, us there uree lot more of coutested clections to pass upoy, It is noj unlikely that they will come uretty ueldr verifying Gaxnxrra’s prediction, *We go away Bud; wo siall come ‘Dack 400." ———— The church strawbersy- 8! has brokeu loosc already. As there 18 a very Kood prospect that the strawberry-crop this sesson will be the largest ever known, and may lsst sven to the 1st of August, most of the churches ought to cat themselves out of dubt, or a5 least leave so small s balance that it can be eastly devoured when ogsturs sct fn, nest September, e ———ti—— . Citlzen WiLLIAMS, whose trousers are Qov- oroor of Indiaus, sceuis to bave made s ten- strike with that nizger-massacre of bis by Comn- munists disguised as militla, He mnay go Inta the oext Natlonal Conveution backed by she solid Comimunist aud guti-nigwer elemont, and, ©ven to a man with blut-jesns brains, bis chasco tuusk appedr s very good oue, ——— . Adjt.-Geo, HnLiasn bas commissloned the Rev, Rosesr CoLLyes to be Chaplaiu of the First Regiment, vice the Rev. Daviv Swixa, re- signed, It will probably make no thevlugival difference to the rauk and file. L] T - It all churches were prompt In ascertatulug whether accused wembers wers gullty or wot, aud io cutting off those who arc smlrched, tho membership andinfluence of American churcles would be materlally jucreused, and clercdl scaudals would be rarer than hen's *ceth, The Veiwont M. E. Confurence hus just expeiled of with childless married women and old dow-’ pensation of knowing that they will look prete Estlictically, the effect of & woman's head is spolled by the structure erected on the Tho following verses wero found on his table, and are sup- from it minlstry and membership the Rev, D. llorrixs, plous forger; and Hro!nchnmu, E. Laop; anuther highly-connected and ey. tensively operating plous forger, ot Laceoiy, N. H., has been cxpelled by a congregation o} the samo church, t Ohilo have Uncle D the Democrats of Indiana have Une!e‘%f:’a::‘;] and :]uh pn;!v would like to trade ofT jty Uncle’ with heavy boot, for almost anybody ex, . otler party's Uncle: Ty exam g —————— The ricdhinessof the situatton in Ohfo Increaeey dally. Gov, R M, Bisnior & Co. 4s noy Hkely to be raltroaded Into the White Houss by tag Cincinnat! Bouthern Line. R ——— The Washington courts havs dectdey that planas cannot be seized for debt, and lifo oy the average capitolian boarding-tiouse is myrg tere vible than ever. ———— Scratch a Russian emibssary and you are Teason. ably certala to flad 8 Herad smbsasadyye, PERSONALS, A fortune.teller at Sandringham, boing ad. mitted to the praseace of the Prince of Wales, anq feassured into exercleing ber profession, Predicted that the Princess Alexandra would soon be matried 1o 8 blonde widower with twelve (12) childreq, Two Madonnas by Raphael are to bo sold in London on the st of June, ** Tha Viegin with - the Candelabra " aud ** The Virgin with tne Le. gend, " ot *Virein of Novar." Tne English Goy. ernment |s arged, at whatever cost, to sccure thesy palntings for & nstional gablery, Caleb Cushing tgok lessons in French from an experienced teacher whon he was on he Contincnt at the time of the Geneva Atbliration, though he bad spoken French fdently for forry Yeara; there wero 'certatn fellclties ™ of apesch, he sald, that he had never acquired, Y Bonator Gordon was the man who, at Petersburg, forbade hle sharpshooters 1o fro ona Federal officer who had walked out In front of the rifte-plta to reconnoltre the grounds, declaring that he could not eea 80 brave 8 man shot down fn cold biood. Qen, McAllster, of New Jeracy, way the Foderal soldier. Gen. Grant spenks no foreign languago, so hls intercourse with distingulahed foralgners 13 generally contina! to a shake of the hand and 8 amile. Ile Is ready In this fasbion 10 moke the ac. quajutance of all persons, Princes or pensants, and he treats all who aro introduced to him with [m. partinl urbanity, Of the New York Park Commissioners only the Presldent. Mr, Wenman, gets o mlary, Anathier Commlemioner, Mr. Lane, thinks that it would be fairer to elect each one of tho Commis- slonera President for a quarter, dividing the $0,500 salary attached to the ofice among thom, but the President cannot sec it fn that light, Charlotte Qushman's grave was recently nointed out to a reverent pligrim by 8 workman In the cemetery, who sald: *'Bhe was conalderablg of a woman for & play-actress." 1t fs on the enst. ern summit of tha principal hill in Mount Aubury, within sight of the Boston and tho Cambridge she 40 deatly loved. Unly a small whita stone, beating Lier name, marks tho grave. William' G, Medlicott, of Longmeadow, Maus., has boen compelled by business losses to anncunce the sale of hia remorkablo collection of rare books, Ilo began aver thirly years ago to buy books and manuscrivts relating to the development of the English languago and litoraturc, and, being untillately o prosporous manufacturer, ho spents largo amount of money on bis hobuy, An ingenious London denler in ready-mada clothing weut to Buyokaere and was doing a hely- ing business {n fashlonablo apring overcoats, until one day a customer asked hlm what was the name of the garment so widely worn, ** Tho Salls bury, " repliedtho tnerchant, ** Ielloftakil" safd the Russian, taking off the coat sud renriog in dfsgust. The merchant's trado was killed. The Harvard studonts clinrged with ob. talnine & claas-s0ng for the gradnates at the near Commencement had printed cards bearing the con- ditions of tho compotition und a specimen stanzs, a0 followa} A Obright and aweet the bour Q¥ Testat ives g, o1F o meet! ‘The Intelligent Compositor smilcd grimly to him- self and sk it up: * © bright and awect tha hour we meet! s Qur festal rites be gin, The Washington Poat thus describos Sens- tor Howo, of Wisconsin: **Lazlly loaning back in his chair and toylng with half s yard of red tape, much 88 8 boy plays with a whirligig, his hesd polsed alittio out of pervendicular snd onecye closed at times, with tho espresslon of a patros contemplating the floger of an unwelcome visitor, ~that man with gray halr, jerky movements, sod alr of boundless self-appreclation, —that's Howe, At bo rises to anobjection ho acems to de- valop by sections, uno drawg out o telescope. " The alleged Xev. Josoph Cook's Iatest freak bax been to aftempt to bulldoze & passenger fn & smoking-car Into throwing away hie clgar. *'Sir, my namo Is Joscoh Cook,” said ho. *'llow are you, Juseph?™ ssid tho passenger, **Condactor, put this man off althe noxt station,' sald he. **Couductor, put this mau off sl the next lunatic saylum, ' sald tho puesenger, The allewed Rev. Joseph ok the conductor's name and nomber, and Je golng to crush bim for allowing vasscogers to umoke in the smoking-car. Ericason, the inventor, who is working In New York on his torpedo-boat, though 75 years of #ge, 1e.as halo und as rooust 8e & man of 50, streng s an ox, lithe and active, with sn volce ke Old Il Alten, ai nd the grasp whoreof s os that of & vice, 1 er smokes, drinks cold wal and sometim Nitle tea, oats moderately, bs Tavorite victuale boing brown-bread and vegetables, aleeps with 6is window open all the year round, sud bas & Borror of beluyg writteq-up in the nows- papors. AU 10 he made hia Qrst wodel,—ilat of & saw-mill, ‘The Khedive cannot bowstring bis cred- ftors, who are many dnd {mportuuate, but he can elude them, ia transtera hls property to frlends, whe transfer |t again (o tnmates of tho barem, sod bas salted away fu stanch Kuropean sucks sbout $U0,000, 000, un the tutercst of which be con hve comfortably i Egypt i« ever tranaferred to Ene gland, When ballifu s #ny of bls property, tho guards bastinudo them and throw thewn over thy wall All the aslurics of Uoverniaent eo- ploye: & year us even Lwa ‘years i urrears, snd the foreignore la the Khedlyo's ervice aro resigus lng in alegust, Mru. Hayes has fpund comfort and conso- lation Iu the repudlation by all the regular lompere auce socleties of Washingion of (ne bluckyusrdly action of the ex-lrs. It, 1. Hayes Tomperauce S0 clety. Hescuo Division. No. 6. Sous of Temperance especially hasadupted resolutionsdeclaniug that the exALLIL. B, 1L T. 8, ' resolutione wero fo the nteredt ot liquor-desiers, sud ugalust the temperance cause sud a0 {nduentinl worker theroju, sud that the suthots of the resolutlons are whallow-besined, Gud-forsaken slanderers; that thelr report L false, maliclous, snd cowardly; and that Mrs. Hayes 18 fully sxonarated fions afl auch staudcrous allegss tions. Lt l Eriosson doesn't rogard Edison's cxplam; ition s tothe Lhonogiaph aa sathefactory, 80 Lolds that there must bo some foctur which lu: never bevn made kuown, aud which alone coul account for 1he plunograph's action. Ed unuil this lg 8 very Iudiscrees obacrvation for 8 sclentldc mian to make. As he walklng lu company Mlhl: | IForid ceporice, Kdisun took olf bis welt-worn al . ‘bat sad sald, polutingto the crown: ** Pul yv';. hand ibere sud fcel the suwbly aud tho rnlruI:I . mighty city. Tbe sctual nouss 18 so cumunl: 3 (yout do not uotlce It, bus too yibrativus It vcead -:n' #re uuCessing aud vasily felt." Accopting the i vitation, “e band was restod vu the P «f1be lst, and sure cuough It thuwped -w-v‘" ugh & liviog beart were beating wgaiust It <*'Fliat settivs I, I Lbiuk, " said Mr. Edisos. Guorge Francls T. appears, from the t:l; Jowing dispatch tu the Jun, to have been ",“udvl braring at Boaton: *: Hustux, May . —Hallivadet wiles 10 Bud cltizens cowed! Libarty cullapltm ieash Hoylston Mussums sermou probibited| bl suppresssd! suviogs banks Tureclused! oo aamla'l. lectures excepting Cook, Murray, snd de"“ evaugelsl Blue lawa ro-enacted! witchea cremated] Buechor csuuntced! Puritana victortous! evety body whispeniug! Commuulsim ewmoldertagt bare rcades orguniziug! thouxh walice fur noue cb Au- for il Mave Just cut witce after thisty yeare' ac quaitance with Ald. Curtis Gulld befure Beuc Judges st Parker Rouse! 1decliue ever sgsin b apesk in Boston, Heventeen yemrs axu kuocke dowa Feneu:l Usll. T0-day Luocked up Boyleivs Muscusit Everytaiog lovelyl Aguatic blid h‘"f“. at ueual altitude. Peychulugy suppressed! be- Wwonulogy Liuwpbsull Ulura lu Kicwistel B¢ lab. F Y