Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 6, 1878, Page 4

4 TH. CHICAGO TRIBUNL: MONDAY, MAY .G, 1878, ye Tribae, TERMS8 OF SURBSCRIPTION. WY MAIL—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPATD, Tty Editton, one year, 81 Tariaof & year. per mon tunday Fdis Litera Troutie Shee Eaturday Fdition Tr1-Weekly, one v Tartsof avesr, per monih. VEERLT EDITION, FOSTPAID. ore copy, fer ye Club of four.. Srectmen copies sent rre Give Post-Ulice address n full, Including State and County, Remittances may he made elther by draft, express, Fost-Office order, or In reglatared letters, at our sk TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRINERS. " Tally, Aclivered, Sandsy excented, 23 cents per week. Lefly, deltvered, Eunday included, 30 centa rer week. Adéress THE TIIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Deatborn-sta,, Chicago. Il Orders for the dellvary of Tns TRIBUNE at Evanston, Engicwood, and Hyde Park leftin the counting-room Wilirecelve nromot attention. TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. blished hranch ofices d advertisements ss .30 00 1.50 s 5.00 TR CRICARO TRINTNR bt for the recelpt of subscrintion: follows: NEW YORR—~Ttoom 20 7ridwne Bullding. F. T. Me- Fannxx, Manager, PARIS, France—No, 18 Itue de 1s Orange-Batellere. . Maurxr, Axent. LOXDON, Eng.—Americsn Exchange, 449 Btrsnd, Heser F. UiLtis, Agent, MeVieker's Theatre. Mpdleon strect, between Dearborn and Btate, ** After Dark,” ¥Tnoley's Thentre, Tiandoinh sfreet, Ubetween Clark and LaSalle. Emarson's Minatrels, Now Chirago Theatre. Clark street, oppostte Fherman ilouss. Engage- Toent of J. Z, Little. **Noving Jack." Tinverly’'s Theatro, Monrne street, corner of Dearboro, JoshHart's Fane ‘orams of the Chicsgo Fire. Collsanmin, Clark street, opposite new City-Tlall. Varlety en- tertainment. MONDAY, MAY 6, 1878, In New York on Saturday greenbacks were steady, ot 99 in gold and silver, Count Scnouvarorr, the Russinn Ambns. fador at London, has suddenly departed for 5t. Potersburg, and the newsgatherers are at a loss to dotermine the corract significance of tho circumstance. T onaa— Among tho freightage of the fimat trip of the ncw steamor just launched by Jons Roacn for his Brazilian line is an articlo that will prove of exirnordinary interest to Dom Trono—one of Epison's phonographs, ready charged with au address of compliment and congrntulation from the shipbuilder to his Tmperinl patron, o e Nothing furthicr or more definite concern- ing tho rumored preparation for n Fonian invasion of Cannda has been learned in Bnf- falo, nor ks the Government at Washing- ton receivod any communieation on the sub- jeot, which it would be very cortain to do if the Dominion Government wero at all exor- cised about it. If such a movemont is on foot, tho lunatics mixed up in it bave been romarkably sly in their proparationa for o summer campaign ovor the border, It will probably bo found that thero is no immediate causo for alarm. Bunday in Chicago was unproductive of anything now or sounsational among the Communists, who held sovoral meotings and listoned to numerons speeches of the usual cramped stylo of oratory. The spenkers la- Lor under the scrions difficulty of having nothiug to sny that they have not said over and over again, and of belng unable to proposo any new moasures looking to the rovolution which all profesa to have in view, In other cities the same willinguoss exists upon tho part of tho Communists that the finpression of something mysterious and formidablo afloat sbould provail, sccom. panied by the samo unwillingness to entor. upou any but peaceful undertakings. After a period of delny seomod to sug- gest tho posaibility of oventual misunder- standing and complication the Turks have began to carry out thnt portion of the San Btofano Truaty providing for the ovacuation of tho Bulgarian and Armenian fortresses, The tirst post evacuated way in the vicluity of Trobizond, aud it Is prosumed that nll tho fortiffied points in that por. tion of Asintio Turkey will bo immediatoly dismantled and abandoned. Russin had begun to get impationt at the manifost re- Inctanco of the Tarks to withdraw from tho two celebrated strongholds of the quadritat. erul, Shumla and Varna, but it appears that a satisfactory arrangomont hns been effected between Gon. TopLenes and Bavrer Pasha, whereby the time for the evacuation of those fortresses has boen extonded six days, —— It fanow belloved that tho Electoral in- veatigation question will be brought up in the House to-morrow iu tho form of a reso. lution ruported by the Judiciary Committoe, tlough the cxact scopo and ultimate aim of the inquiry has mot yot been divnlged Ly those of the TrLoey Dumoorats who bhavo the matter in charge. If the résolution shall ba brought up in this way the Rupublicana can postpone its consideration until they have had an oppor. tunity to formaulate a policy in referonce to the question, and there §8 hardly n doubt that their policy will be to domand that tho invostigation business bo conduated on the wholesalo plan, and not restricted to thosingle tate of Florida, It will be remombered that tho Senate has the power to exerciso a «bef¥ on tho action of the House, Laving ulsu control of the Brawn resolution, upon Which it can report a schemo for investigs. tion witliout referenco to tho lwnita which the House may undortake to impose, From tho statemcut fn our Washivgton dispatches of the cireumstances which led to the demond upon Gen. Writzeu for the resignation of the Reveuue.Collectorship at Ciucinnati, it would appear that & new deal all around was cousidored necessary in or der to preparo the wuy for certain measures of practical reform sach o Secrotary Bais- ToW institutod in Chlcago and St. Louls, Kot to put too fine a point upon it, the exist- cucp of a big Whisky Ring iu Cincinnati was wore theu suspected in Washiogton, and, siuca thy iuference was inevitablo that the rovenuo frauds were perpetrated by thu connivauce of Goverumeut owployes, a thorough investigation becawo necesaary, und this, it was thought, could not Lo had without first reorganizing the Collectors oftice. Tho ouly imputation restivg upon Collector Writzen touches the question of Lis watchfulncss and efliciency, snd not his personal dntegrity, The caso secms to ba vne of thosu where a chavge is uecessary ““for thu good of the service.” When the sottow fucty iu the Cineinnati whisky busi- =8 ere brought to the surface, there will pobibly Le leas difticalty than heretofore in getting at the trne ronson why whisky can bo sold in that city for less than the cost of production with the Goverminont tax added —a puzzle that has bothered Chicago dis. tillers for some time past. — THE PRESIDENTIAL CONTROVERSY. The latest advices from Washington indi. eate that powerful influences are at work among tho Democrats to defest Brara's efforts at reopening the Presidential controversy, Tho Florida !* confessions " wers undoubt. edly procured at the instance of the Tiupzx wing of the Domocratic party, assisted by the malcontents of the Republican party, led by Cosxrixa and Burien. Avny investi- gation growing out of tho Florida case would have for its object the unseating of Haves and tho seating of TiLpeN, as thess two events alons wonld eatiafy tha two elements that have incited the revival of the dispute. But the majority of the Demoorats are indis. posed to gratify the spleen of the Conxrina faction and carry the burden of Tizozw. Tho better men In the party ara averse to any re- opening of the case, because it wonld be Lurtfal to tho material intarests of tho coun- try, The anti.TiLpEN men—a numorous faction—are opposed to a revolution which would only result in the personal pre. fermont of a man who has forfoited their respect and confidence, The conservative Democrats of the Sonth are not willing that Hayes shall be mhde a martyr to his own good faith townrd the Sonth in enrrying out tho policy to which he was pledged. 'Theso threo classes composo o vast majority of the Domocratie party, and it will bo great folly for tho scheming politiciana to ignore their wise counsels, An investigation {nto the Florida election, Ly ronson of the recent confessions, could only result in a broad and eearching canvass of tho entire Presidentinl clection. It conld not stop with Florida, If the Democrats were able to make out nn er-parts case with the nid of the misernble tools that hava re- cently been employed, the Ropublicans would demand the right to go into the merits of lho controversy, and include not merely Florida, but Louisiaun, South Caro. Jina, Alabaman, Missiasippl, and Orogon, Such n demand could not beresisted by the Demo. crats, for resistance would bo tantamount to confession that they had organized a conspiracy to grab the Presidantial office. An investigation embracing these six States would oceupy protty much all the romainder of the DTresidontinl term, and it is very donbtful whother 1t would result in eredit or goin for the Democratic party. It would not bo difficult, under the assured protoction of the National Government, to show Domn4| ocratic frauds in the Soulhorn States that would completely overshadow the frauds alleged against tho Republicans. ' In Missis- sippi and Alabama, the Domocratic policy of intimidation amonnted to the wholeaale dis- franchisement of the colored voters. Thrents, whippings, all mannor of personal violonce, murders oven, tho discharge from employ- ment of all colored mon who would not vote the Democratic ticket or romain away from thapolls, the torrorizing of voters en masse by bands of armed men scouring the country,— every kind and degres of *‘bulldozing™ would be proved up against the Democrals in fivo of theso States. It is probable that such a showing of these facts would be mnde as to convince all reasonable men that the Republican Btate tickets, as well as the Electoral tickets, were lawfully eclected in Lonisinna, Florida, and South Carolina, and that Alabama and Mlssissippi wore snatched from the Republicans by practices that ought to damn the Democratie party forever, ! 'The .prospact, of . this..result from any at- tempt at invostigation will no doubt exerciso a salutary restraint upon Democratio poli. ticians who koep their witsabout them, But, even if the Democrats wers willing to risk such an exposure, and §f thoy wero satisfied that thoy conld provail for the time-belug by a misuse of thelr power in Congress, their rond to the White House would bo'a long, circuitons, and weary way. Ilaves, having Loen soated under the forms of law, cannot Lo unceremoniously ordered to leave and give up his place to Titozy, IL would ba cqually necessary to employ the forms of Inw to sccuro the desired change. Wedo not know how Congresa conld get rid of Haves and WueeLzn, after having doclared them President and Vice-Prosldent for the term, except by impeachment. Evon if this process were successful, Mr, Tizpex would not yet be President. The presiding officer of the Sennate, elected by that body, would becows Prosident pending a popular election that wonld noed to ba called. Mr, TrLoex might or might not be nominated by the Democrats, and might or might not be eloctod, oven !f nominated. In the mean- timo the wholo country would suffer from the excitoment of the contest in Cougresa first, and o Presidential election afterwards, ‘I'here cex walnly cannot be so littlo sense and patrotism In the Democeatio party as to de- liborately risk thoso national dangers that nro inseparable from an attempt to remove Hayes, Many Republicans propesed during tho controversy preceding Hayes' inaugura. tion to hold the election over agaiu' in the five Btates of Mississippi, Louisinna, Alubams, Bouth Carolinas, and Florida undor ausplcea that would iusure a falr, full, free, and hon- est vote, but the Damocrats would not listen to it. They preferred tho sottlument by Gommission, confirmed by Congroxs, aud they should fn all houor aud deceucy abide by the result. A REFORMER'S IDEA OPF REFORM, Benator Uaszron, of Wisconsin, is the au- thorot an orticle entitled ** The Irveprossi- blo Couflict Undeclded,” in the current number of tho North Amerlcan Review, Why it should have this titlo in prefcrence to auy othor, or why it should bave beou written at all, wo have been unablo to discover, It is an airing of the Senator's opinfons of several important public questions; but theopinious aro flippant, shallow, and sulf-sufficient, and tho exprowsion of them caunot increaso his personsl reputation or influence. From s literary point of viow the asticle 13 below the staudard of ment which a periodical like the North American ought to maintefn. It is diffuso and rawbling ; abounds in trite and obacure comparisons, and eshibity a logio not used by statesmen. In tho courts which Blr. Caueson lately frequonted such an argumeut would bring him no credit; iu the North American It s an advertisement of fn. capacity, The toples touched by Mr. Caurzoy in the compass of twonty pages are the coalrol of the Democratio party by the Bouth, the unfituess of the Bouthern whits to rule their section, the conflict of capital und labor, ths question of Bouthera claimi, the taxotioy of land in the South, thu waut of populareducation at the S8outh, and Civil-Ser- vice reforw,—any ous of which would not bo treatad by 8 competent wriler in less thean the spaco Mr. Camzmoyw bas uucd for all, His discusion of Ciril-SBervice reform is tho beat illustration of bis metbod, aud BU €1~ aminntion of it will serve for all. It has no possibla connection with the remalnder of the argument, but is injected into the midst of it as a confidential ** nside,” occupying shout threa pages. In this brief spaco Mr. CaarzroN manages to pronounce Civil-Service reform ‘* a cant shibbolath,” **a mere pat- ont medicine,” and *“an invisible, myateri- ous, and intangible issne.” He says that competitive examinations would be *‘mere tests of memory"; that ‘‘the Oivil-Bervico reform panacea is literary quackory,” and the charge of political corruption **igno- rant slander.” 1le quotes with approval tho sentiments of **a distinguished namesake of mine, once Bonator from Ponnsylvania,"—the ancient Smsox Cameron,—who condemned *¢the d—d literary fellers " for interfering in politica. The Wisconsin Senator procecdsto say: “REvery inventor, even of nmouse. trap, can secura through national legislation and international treaties protection for his mechanical skill in almost overy civil- ized nation. Yet 3Mr. Lovorzrrow, and Mr. Estrnsox, and all the filustrious authors of the land, cannot protect their produnotions one mile beyond the limits of the country, Aro men who do mot know how to protcat thamselves it teachors of practical states- manship?" There is no refuting serionsly arguments of this description, which depend upon want of comprehonsion for thoir ori- gin. It ft {a truo that tho inventors of mouse-traps protect themselves, and that practical kuowledgs of “statosmanship” is promoted by practical jgnorance of avery- thing elso, thoro may bo force in what Mr. CauEnoN says. On any other hypothesis, ho shows himeolf incompetent to exproas an in- telligont opinion of the subject. 3Ir, Oaxtenox has somo reason to condemn litorary ability, as he poussesses hittle him- solf ; but Lo goes too far 1n assaming that ho is n** practioal statesman.” If he were, he would remember that tho Civil-Sorvica re- form policy which he now derides and aconts was approved by the Cincinnati Republican National Convention. He is under special obligation to remombor this, bocauso ho was o profossed reformer. IHo displaced a man evorywhero acknowledged to be wastly his superior, intellectually, because that man lad scouted reform just as Cas. rroN is now doing, When he places bimself on Marr Caprenter's platform, he lenves mno choice betweon himscll and Canrextem, excopt for the difference in ability betweon the two men; nnd in thia re- spoct CAnpENTEN hias an enormous advantage over him. If tho remedy for **incompetent govornment ” lies, ag Mr, CamznoN says it does, *‘in electing nble men ouly,"” he will not by likely to serve auother term in the Bonate. ‘When Br. OasrenoN says that ** competitive cxaminations are the ruiu of Civil-Servico re. form,” nud that they *‘are mera tests of memory,” ko shows n total misconception aud jguoranco of the subject. Exmmninations are chiefly intended to insure fitucss in the *“cnduts ™ ndmitted to the lowest places in the servico, Promotions aro to dopend upon capacity, ability, and 8delity in sorvice, It the examinations for admission wero, na he says, ‘“‘mero tests of momory,” thoy might alill be a good Iudication of capacity, Memory is the faculty by which knowledge is stored up and made available, An appli- cant for office who has not the moemory to rocall tho proper way of spelling words, of construing and composing sentenges, aud for~ gets the faots of arithmetic, goography, and tho nntural sclences, had better give way to another npplicant better oquipped, But Mr, CaxenoN 14 ogain consistont in desplsing memory, Ho has shown himself to bo pos- seased of & very defective ‘ono, siuco he started in political life s o “‘roformer,” and eonded as & defender of tho spoils ** machine. systom,"—all iIn eightoon months, REPEAL OF THE BANKRUPT LAW, T'ha desirability of a Natioual Bankrupt law I universally conceded. Such a law seems to be 8 nocessary part of commercial trading, Buch laws exist almost in every couatry, A Bankrupt law and a Banlrupt Court are permanent institutions in Great Britain, and there ia no trouble whatover, and the opera- tions of the Wankrupt Court are as rogular 03 are thosa of any othor English court; the proceodings are as well dofined both in coses of voluntary oy wall as involuntary bankruptoy as are tho proceedings {u the conrts of probate or courls of equity, Bankruptcy, however, in England involves such a rigid investigation that it {s as dan- gorous to attompt n fraudulent baukruptoy as it is to attempt any othor fraud, aud the abuses which have attended all our Bankrupt laws aro not known in Eugland, One reason for this is the difference in the aimasof logislation in the two countries, In the United Btates one of the prin. cipal items of interost in the Bankrupt law is the number of oflioes oreated, and the foes aud profits of these ofices; aud the groatest opposition to the ropeal of tho law is due to tho fact that it will aboliuh varions fat offices and deprivo many persons of large offiolal incomes, Nothing is so difficaly in the United States as to abolish a fot offico or ro- duce salaries or fees; any such attempt is vesented as on fnterforonco with tho veated rights of officehiolders, which vestod righta form too often the fundamentsl prineiplo of our political maohine, While it is coucodod that there ought to ba o National Baukrupt law, such laws have in all instances in this country broken down uuder the waight of their own profli- gacy. It is recognized that there should b sonio legal provilon whoroby an untortunate dubtor should, upon handing over to Lis creditors all his property, bo rolensed and permitted to begiu lifo anew; but our law does not provide tho means of enforcing an bLionest surrendor of the dobtor's property for tho bonefit of bis creditors. It s notorious (bt on hontst surrendor of property is ox- coptioual, and too often only when that property has been reducgd to a nominal sum, Itis equally motorious that deltors find it s0 easy to go through the Bankrupt Court that they do not’ hositate to put their creditors at defases. The dividends of Baukrupt Courts aro hardly worth the cost of collecting them, ‘This bolog known to both creditors and dubtors, the Baukrupt law becomes a power undor which the wmost glaring frauds are perpetrated. Thus o deblor, without regard to his actual circum. stances, bat able to pay 75 cents on the dollar iu cash, notifies Lis creditors that be is in. solvent, but for a roleass will pay them 5, 10, or 20 centson thedollar of theigclaims ; that, it they refuss’ this offer, then he will go into baukruptey, and the suin he has offered will- be consumed in the costs of the praceedings, What are the creditory, living fn all parts of the country, to do? 'They inay ba morally corteiu that the mun isacting dishonestly, but they know he Lias them at a disadvantage, «nd that of courss bhe is prepared to swear Limself through, and they are compelled to +uka whatever ho offery, csrtain that outeof ths Bankiupt Court there will be no dividend. The Duokrapt Jaw therefore, not oniv af. fords dishonest dobtors the menana of ridding themselves of all their dobts withont any more than o woak pratonse of surrendering thelr property, bnt it furnishes them the means of compolling eompositions on the part of creditors on whatever terms are offerod. To those outsids of commerecinl circles it would be surprising to know how Iargely this practice has grown up, It does not {nvolve the discredit of public bankrupt. cy; itis throat-cutting, savagsly and artist- ically porformed, but in privato, There is no record of Lankruptey or of any other kind to tell the story of how the succossful, prosperons, and wealthy doaler spongod out moat of his indebtedness on his stock of goods by dividing 25 or 40 cents on tha dollar among thoso of whom ho bad bought tre goods. It is not only the frands and dishonesty actually per- petrated under the law itself, but the feauds outside of the law, which the law ren- ders possible, that have created the gon- eral domand for the repeal of the law, Itia destructive of honest trading; it not only planders oreditors, but it gives dishonest morchants destructive advantages over hon. eat mony tho dealer who pays for his goods at 25 or even 40 conta on the dollar can read- ily stamp out all compotition on the part of those who pay tha full cost of thelr stocks. Another, and 2 most sotious evil, is tho de- moralization it produces. Tho man who paya his debta with 50 cents on tho dollar never wants to poy any more; and when men who mako theso dishonest scttlements can go on in business and get fresh oredit, it is a strong hint to all others to go and do likewiso, InEnglandbankruptey In a judiclal inquiry ; in thia country it is & question of fecs, In England the Court's business is to onforca justico and Lonesty botweon parties: in this country it is the practice of the officers and lawyers to absorb tho ostato, Tho cost of the proceeding is ontrageous. Each case of bankruptey has to pay toll to a Clerk, Mar- sbal, Rogister, and Assignee, besides, goneral. ly, two fatly.feed attornoys. Thaestnte pays all tho expensos, oxcept the applicant has to poy in advance o cortain sum for fecs, no matter whether thore ba any estate or not. In a rocont case In this city, the only assots tho bavkrupt had was somne household fur- niture, and in ordor to ba able to file tha application ho exccuted s chattol morigage on the furnituro to got the monoy to pay his initiation feo, For those and othor similar reasons the reponl of the law, in the bolief that it will not be effectually nmoudad, is strongly urged by every houest nud solvent merchaunt, and trader, and banker in the country. s — THE VINDICATION OF SAMSON GOLIATH The man of whom we write Iy Hasson Gortati, not tho giant who reveled in Deuinai’s chorms, nor the other ginnt whom Davip slow, nor yet the Kentucky giont, but a colored man, late & mom. ber of the Fifty-fifth Mossachusctts Col- orcd Regiment, who at this late day hiag como before the United Btates Seuate to establish Lis soldierly roputation avd clean off the asporaiona cast upon him by court. martial. * Although only a private, he has made hig way into the Henato of the United Btates, secured o hearing, obtained the reversion of tho findings of the court-martial, goes upon the records of the country as the hero of o bill aud spacial roport, and in private lifa resuines his ropatation as one of the colored troops who fought nobly, Tliis colored soldier, who ia ** a biger man " than Ponter by virtuo of what Lie bas ace complishod in,big wrestle with n conrt. marbial, is not oyly.a colored mau, but was at ono time o slave, 'In a moment of patriotio forvor he enlisted in Compnny A, Fitty-fifth Massachusotts Roglment. While on n pro- peller going from » Jucksonvilly, Fla., to Hilton Head, 8. O.,.there was a slight dis. turbance after taps from which dato the troubles of Samsox Gormtn. Bausox and Jonx Syrveaten, hig partuor, wero lying to- gother in the hold. It was an uncomfort. ablo place, and it s little wonder that it ongendered foelings of discontent in the winds of tho twodusky patriots, but, over and above this, Jony Byuvisrex was hungry, and, being huugry, 'he lifted up his voico nnd howled, and in varlons other domon- strativo ways soughit to imnpross whom it 1nightconcernthat it was his duty to food him, Tho officer on duty, Licut. Beax, hearing tha disturbance, wout into the hold, and, with that peculiar gift of making mistakes which chiaracterized so wmany potty ofiicers of the volunteer army, pitehed upon Bamox Go- 1aTE and charged him with the nolso. o the uttor disgrace of Joun Svrvesten be it said that be kept still and allowoed his com- penfon to suffer the obloquy of the charge, with all that it subsoquently implied. Sau- #ow Govrari, however, being & rude, uncnl. tivated child of nature, and' not kuowing it was his duty to submit to anything Lis su. perlor officers might heap upon Lim, did not display that spirit of Christian moekness which Lieut, Bxan Lad expected of him, and vehemently, aud even obstreperously, and with a display of augry passions, deunled the charge. Of course, any white soldier would have douo tho saime if ho hind had auy spirit, but, bolog ‘only a negro, of course it was aasumed by the officer on duty that he liad mo right to deny anything, howover wuch Lo might boliove his porsoual rights wero invaded, Sasson Goviaty howled his deuinls a8 vigorously as Joun ByLvestes hnd liowled for his dinner, and the guards finally arvested him and he wes tied to the wast, Then tho whole company ralied n row and cut him loose, baving the same crude idvas of justice and the same ridiculous notion that Baxson (or1aTi ought not to bo pun. ished, having dono nothing. He remained on deck all night, and ihe next morning Liout, BEaN camo to him and told him that i1ho would get down on his knecs and beg pardon bo would release him frow arrest und sond him to his compavy. Bawmsoy Go. LTy, however, was still rofractory, Having dono nothiug which required a pardon, ho could not see tho consistency of going down "on his kuces, Of course, being nothiog but a * nigger,” ha ought to havo seen it, but ke didu't, aud thus (resh troubles ocewrred to bim. He was brought befors a court- wartial, ond, not koowiug what a court-martial was, Lis perscoutors had it all their own way. They found him guilty, and he was sentenced to be confined at hard labor for the remaiuder of his terun of eulist. wout, to forfeit all pay aud allowances then dus or to become due, aud then to be dis- honorably discharged from the service of tho United States. Undor this sentonce ho was went to Fort Olinch, Florida, in Beptember, 18G4, to serve out his sentence, but biv. regi- weut haviug been mustered out of service he was released and disbonorably. discharged bofore Le Liad served the full timo specified. Even bad Bimson GoLrati been guilty of overything charged aguinst him, this sentenco would have boon inexousably harsh, but that it should avo been inflicted upon him mere- ly because Jous Byuvesten wos hungry, wos an ontrage. Tho Committee to whom his potition was roferred took the same view of his enso, and the Scnate of the United Blates Las stamped ita condemnation upon his shonlder.slrapped superiors by or- dering **that the sentence of the Gonernl Court-Martial in the case of Saxson GoviaTn, late private Compnny A, Fifty-fifth Massa- chusotts Volunteers, colored, promulgated in General Ordera No. 136 of Sopt. 19, 1864, IHeadquarters Dopartment of the*South, be not aside; and that the order or discharge dishonorably discharging him from tite army Lo ravoked; and that the Becretary of War bo directed to grant him an honorable dis- chargo, to bear dato ns of the date of said dishonorable discharge.” Thus justice, slow hut sure, has been done to Bamson Gogurn, and the record of the prosent Congress is marked by at ‘loast one act of grace, mercy, and poace. A PROPOSED NATIONAL POLYTEOHNIQ BCHOOL. in his last message to Congress the President, it will be remembered, broached the subject of a national university, and recommended lts es- tablishment. * At that time, however, a scheme had already been concelved, aud had been con- sidercd for several months, to establish a na- tional polytechnic Institute at Wasplogton, and this scheme has since been developed into & plan, complete even to $he minutest detail. With8ut any attempt to undervalue the bone- fits which a natloual university would confer upon present and future cencrations, v s argued by the projectors of the polytechnic plan that the Iatter is designed toanswertha requires ments of an active and emiaently practical peo pleol o sclentific turn of mind, such as our ownj and that a uniferaity, strictly so-called, as something of leas immediate need, might better beleft as o subject forlater constderation, A Vrief outlino of the plan (which ls necessa- ily voluminous, covering upwards of 150 pages of legal-cap) i as follows: Dircctor (ez-officlo), the Secretary of the Into- rior. ‘The manager to be a man of well recog- nized scientific and mechanical attalnments and chemfcal knowledge, and to be aopointed on nomlnation of tueSccrctary of the Interiur by the Prusident of the United States, by aod with the nadvice and consent of tho Senate. e to be tho {mmediate manager of tho institution jand, e officto, Commissioner of ‘Patents. Itis hiero observed that when the Commis- sloner of Patents shallbe rolteved of his present judictal function in bearing appeals he will have ample time to supcrintend both lpstitutions; aud that a technical school wherein the arts ayo studied, and thelr complcte and most modern status closoly scrutinized and investigated, should be under the sama head and closcly allied with an institution tn which the novelty of inventious s determined; while, further- more, the practical results scen In the Patent. Oflice—tho actunl embodlinents of educated genlus {n the great ficld of lovention—would be useful to the schuol. It is proposed that the institution conatst of the following schools: (1) Thu School of Math. cmaties; (2) The School of Engincering; (8) TLe 8choul of Mialng Engluceriug; (4) The Behool of Machinery; (5) The School of Archi- tecture; (8) The School of Chemistrvs (7) The Schoul of Forestry; (8) The 8chool of Agrl- culture. The plan treats of each of these heads in turn, eutering minutely fnto ths manifold sub- divisions and preseribiug all the details with groat partfeularity and exactness, It is su(li- clent hiere Lo eay that tho fustruction is to bo glvenin the form of lecturcs and revlows, by recitation, by praphic and’constructive cxer- clsca, by work fu tho warkshops and laboratories, and uoon oxcuraluns,—slullarly, in a word, to that In corresponding fustitutions on the Con- tinent of Europe. Tho Instruction will bo aid- ed by the collections tu be found i the various burcaus and Institutions of the United Stats Government; for example, tho cabinet of natur. al philosuphy, and the mineraloglcal, zouloglea), botanieal, ,geologleal, and other collections of tho Smithronfan Iostitute and the Depart~ ment of Agriculture; also, by a collection of models for the Engincer Schuol, snother for the Machinery Schoo!, and o third for the Architectural Schioo]; by a technologieal collee- tion, n collectlon of geodotival fustraments, o collection of plaster casts, and a collection for the Agricultural Hehoot by the Patent-Ofiice llorary and the Congressional Mbrary; by o chemleal, & physical or clectrical, a mnineralog- fcal, and an agricultural and forestry labora. tory; by the Dutanical Gardens, sud certaln grounds of othe Agricultural Department, or on some Government rescrvation sct apart for expertmental farming; and furthermore, by work-shops,—namely, a clay-modeling and = plasteramodelivg shiop, a wood-working and modellog shop, and the foundrics and maching- shops of the Government, K As prolessors (about fifty in number) it Is designed to select only mcu of the highest at- talmments in thelr respective departments of selence, art, and skill, sume to be employed on salaries for thelr full time, and othurs detalled for apectal duty from the various sclentitie de- partments and burcaus of the Governmonut. Tue degreca proposed, and to be conferred only upon the satisfactory completion of the Jull course prescribed in any one of the schools, ero of o very exalted nature, bemg those of “ U, 8. Mechanteal Engineer,” “ U, 8, Mining Encineer,” *U. 8, Architozt,"” “U, 8, Chem- {st," ctc, 8 tho case ‘mnay be,~distinctions which, it well and laborivusly earned, as they undoubtedly will bo I the pruposed "plan Is car- rled out in {ts completencss, should in tina serve as pass-words to tho front rank among sa- vants and sclentlats of the world. It fs catimatod that o building of the capacity of that of the Uanfted 8tats Patent-Olllee would e sullictently largo fur the purpose uf the Poly- technle Senvol. The cost of the Patont-Ofiive Hullding s stated jo tho otililal report of the fire of September, 1877, to have been between two and threo millions of dollars; and it is sug- gested thut a lanze part of the money necessary to buy ground and erect a suitabla Luilding for the sthool might be appropriated from the Patent Fund, of which there Is & surplus in the Treasury of §1,400,000, ‘The plan further provides for tuition fees, which, wbilo moderate, ura yet sutlicient to ven- der the schonl, when once ‘eetablished, sub- stantially sclf-sustaining. Under ordinarily judicious manazenent, indecd, thore seoms to be no reason why It should not in time become &3 profitable & branch of tho Ioterior Depart- ment us the Patent-Office ftself, Tho school §s deygued to bo for the exclusive benelit of citizeus of the United States, 1t ta provided that un applicant for admission must, 1€ ho has nttained his twenty-trat year of sgo, be himaell a citizen of tho United Btates; or, if younger, that be must be the sou of & citlzen; and bers he must Lave attafned his sixtcenth year of age; and it 13 wisely suggested that, in order to render the schuol esicniially national s reganlds fts beuetits, by providing aralvst its (fl'fllled by youth from tho vicinity of th Capital, to the exclusion of those Ny- ing “in ors remots varts of ths coun. try, the privileges of nomination be given to members of Congress, as in the vase of - the Military and the Naval School, cich mewber to commaud, witbly certalu lhmits, s number of appolutinents,—with the pruvlso, however, that thess sppointments in all cases shall bo earned by competitive examiuation within bis Cougresaloual District, aud by folabitants thereof. ‘Thus a single (mstitution of this kind would suflice for the whole natlon. To quote frum tne Tulmud: * A singlo light answors a8 well for a buudred meu as for oae'; for, white the number of students capable of befng accowmo- dated would be vast, the luflucnce of the schoot would by no meaus be vouBu«d wlous to those recelvivg Its fmmediate benefits, but it would be a fountain-bead of learniug wheuce coyute less small streaws would crevo through the land, 1t 13 belleved that an lostitution of tbis kind would muke the Capitul of tue nation & graud focus of sclentltic and polite knowledae, & guth- eriug-place for the leurued, sud a centre o acle ence and art, such as Parls fa to-day. Further- more, by furnishing a atore of exact technteal knowledge, and = supply of accurately skilled tabor, it would produce tho best effects in the country at large, nd thus convey most salutary and beneficont resnlts to the people; for, be- sides the general disseminatlon of that clear and incontrovertible. Informatidn,—that knowledwe which feeds the lamp of reason and makes a great people mighty,—there would be as direct practical resuits the ready and facite develop- ment of the mineral wealth of America which accurate sclentific knowledge Insurcs; the impulse to manufacture which previous knowl- edge, the parent of willingness and vigor which educated 'skill, and certainty of results beyond mers surmise will glve; the aystem and satisfaction fn farmiog which treatment of the subject sclentifically and as a regular technical trade or {ndustry will engender; and s certsin~ ty in architectural and engineering vonstruc- tlon which will place the stablilty and safety of cdifices, of railway embankmen: allway bridges, and bridges generally, of dams and of machinery, beyond the fleld of mere oxperi- mentation or tost, by which to galn conviction that tho structure {s Improper may be (as it so frequently has been in tho past), death and wido-spread disaster, [ To these may be added the obvious effects which auch an fnstitution would produce upon the Civil Bervice, by preparing fit candidates from whom the Government might select those ofilcials on swhose part special knowledgs s ca- scntial, and ought, therefore, to be required. ———— The good sdvice of tho First Naror.zoN on the subject of washing one's family dirty linen at the town-pumu might be recalled at the pres- cnt time, apropos of the steife butween Prince Narorrox and the ex-Empress, were it not for the fact that they aru partisans of fdeas so dlametrically opposed to cach other and such envenomed antagonists that propricty will not for an instant bu regarded i there Is a possibil. ity of dolng fnjury to the opponent. Prince NAroLEoN, it must be sald, bad o very clear idca of the fmmlnent peril ju which the Empire was ln 1870,—~witness tho letter ho wrote to Eutie OLurvien, scven months bofore the Frauco-Prussian war broke out. It fs also cer- taln that his cousln, the Emperor, employed him in confidentlal mlesions of the highest importance throughout his life, Henco when the Prince, fo a re- cent article, declared that ouly tha clerleal influcnces brougls to bear ou his cousin's mind, which was always wavering, {nduced the delay In forming o triplo alliance by which Italy and Austria would baye been brought to the afd of Frauce,and Alsacs and Lorralue saved, the goneral impression was that ** Plon-Plon ¥ spoke the truth, The answer of NaroLkox's Minister of Foreign Affalrs at the time, the Dukodo GuanoxT, willl oot materially change this fta- pression, though the Duky delares that the whole delay arose from ' the tampering with the negotiations of Prince Narorzoy himsell, who was desirous of securing the downfall of the temporal power and the Papal territory for his fatber-iu-law, Victor EMMANUBL. Tha saliént point of the whole discusaon, however, Is tho fact that but for somo mysterious tampering with tho treaty, which caused & week or ten days to bo lost in explanations, Germany would bhave found horselt con- trouted fn 1870 by Italy, which was pre- pared to throw an army of 100,000 men into Bavarin, and by Austria, which would havy called out lier whole forces In Bohemla. Tho treaty was drafted and ready for slgnature when the Russians Leat the French at Woerth and Welsscmbourg, and stiowed astonistied Europe that tho Graud Army was o sham, Ouly four yuars before, Dismanox, on gulm: to war with Austrin, had concluded a tteaty with Italy, which let Victon Eumanven looss on tho Austrlans, creatiug an effective diversion, and 1t was only eleven years sinco France and Italy had fought Austria. do litle had ©pratitudo ou the part of ltaly, or “resentment™ on the vart of Austria, to do with thelr policy when practical advantsges wero promised! One poiut will, however, strika the reader of these articles. - Nelther in the Prince’s article nor in the Duke's Is there any evldence of any attempt by Bisstanck’s agents at Vienna or Florence to thwart the negotiations of the Duke de Gna- MonT) and yet it is certain that the Prusslan statesman must have kuown of thelr progress. Was there bebind ft all @ secret treaty with Russla, and did Germany go to war expecting a geueral European confiagration, or was sho only confldunt that thero would be & duel whero no- body would Interfere? ‘The obltuary list for Apri}, both In the num- berand vonsequenco of the names upon it fell far bolow that forits two predecessors this year. During the month the deaths wers announced of Cardinal Guiseerz Beranps, and Bishop Geonux Avcustus SxLwrN, of Litchileld, Eo- gland, the famous misslonary Blshop of Now Zenland, and muscular Christlan; of Prince Lu- cigN Muitar, the last surviving son of Naro. LEON'S beuu sabreur, the King of Naples; the Earl of Leitrn, so traglcally slain by his ten- auts; of Geu, Jouy Lons Mzuixorr, the Rus- slan hero of Armenia (though other dispatches have stuce declared - that he was living), and of Gen, ‘Tuomas (% Devi, a gallant cavalryman durlog the War of the Rebellion; of AL DB LoueNi®, a member of the French Academy, and of Dun Josm Awvanon bz’ Los Riow, the Spanlsh Mtteruteury amour forelgn stateamen, cf Mannin pe Hernena, of Spain, and, amoug domestic statesmen, of WILLIAN M. TweED and lis Intimate friend, E, Dra- ¥icLh Sauti (who died on the same day), and ex-Congressiunn WiLLIAM Moor®, of Now dersey; among members of the liberal profes- slons, of ox-Chief Justice Geonom TyLEnr BiaeLow, of Massachusetts, and Dr, Francis Guungy Bsumi, of hiladelphia; while of men distlugutshed fn other walks of Jife who passed away 1o April, 1878, may bo wenttoned WiLpe 148 8, OntoN, President of ths Western Unlon Telezraph Company; the lgp. Joun Youno, of Montreal, who dilso mych for tho navization of thu canaly amdtho St. Lawrence; the Hon, Witnasp C. Frago, of this State, and G. W, HBLunT, the eccentric Pllot Commissioner of New York, who wrote In his ifetime moro lot- ters to the press than ever emanated from even the fertile pen of Private DavLzELL, . ———— The Montgomery (Ala.) Advertiser grects with enthuslam Jeyy Davis' Macon letter coucern- fng “be hnwortal Lost Cause,® as it calls it. It says: **The eause [Slavery) for which our elorious Coufederates dica nceds no penitential wlea, It 1s a rightcous cause [1),—sealed by as nuble Llood ay wus ever shied in any cause or ln uuy land [tbe traftle in human flesh]. Its fail- ure can never muke it wrong; and not the peni- tential pleas of the feeblu nor the bold sbuse ut the Ignoble can ever djm the brightuess of Its falth, or diminish the glory of its decd, or ture nish the famo of its hioroes. Jure Davis bim. seif,” [t adds, *“Is oue of those glorious charac- ters In the bistory of the world which, as time and eveots roll on, rise higher and Lrighter o the solitude of their glory,” Wa pring the let- ter clsowhere. Already mavyofthoex-Rebels are looking forward to tue day when, with the help of the Democratic dougnfaces of pho North, they wlll seat Jure in the White-llouse, The Indianapolls Journat eays that there has been & growlug interest sbown in Iudians in tho Btate milltia since the riot of last July, o the large citles of tho State new companleshave becn organizod, aud thoy are composed of bet- ter wen thun ever before gave any attention to State military matters. ‘The ovly arawback has boen Gov. WiLLiaus' demagogism fu putting arws into the hauds of such bummers as mako up the wajority of the Wabash Lusrds, of Fouutala County, —————— The lndianapolls Journal has made the sug- #estion that inasmuch s Congress s now dls- cusslog the provristy of placiug Gen. SuizLps cu the relired st with a cowmfortable pension for Mfe, the vawo graceful scrvice should bo performed for Qon. ¥axmont. The_ Journal once offcers of the rogular army; o the Uslun azmy dusiog the lute ar; both bavuast im ke United States Houate; both ase uow old sud needy. They rups rosent differont polltical partics, and ent that can ba offored or- itcmg. oy 3O on the retirert liat [+ oqnally goud for Ui nph 03 world be n Utz and gacernl recoun™ B pastscrvices of two galinnt men. Iy, 1), of things nelther of them can live many " he exoensa to- the Governme " them wonld be trtilng, o OF B It will surprise atl our readers who have b, familiar with Gen. FREMONT'S ery fees tg l;'f country to learn that at the ace of 3 o 1y destitution. Not long since, his Drivate ll‘wrav‘ and effects were sold at 8herifl's +ale, any lim’ then nothing has been heard from hliny wngiy |' 1s now announced that ho has been valuly tr; |,,,l to flad something to dovand 1s In actua) o, sonal want fu his old awe. Whatever erryp ot Judgment may have characterized (3., Fre. MONT, hehas been an honest man, iny besn trita to his Government, and in his capaeity of Pathfinder rendercd distinguished Beryleeg ¢y tho country. The news of his misfortunes wi bring sorrow and pala to the Amerian people, In some way his old aze should be made com. fortable, to show at least that Repubiics arg ooy ungrateful. —_— A good many newspapers are beginning ta advise Cungress to * go home," or *'go Wean or anywhere except to linger in Washlugton, Bays tho New York Tribune: = Mr, Vensieye, Presldent of the Merghant. of this eity, gavo Gen, Ewing n little iy’ which he did not went. ileing calied 1o before the Committee of which Gen, | mentber,‘the other day, he was siked ahint ths possivility of renumption. 1o calmly rapiied taay tenumption would he attalicd, wid “thy conyty would' reach_ great proaverits, if (his £ would only adjourn, and not “aecinbic three vearn, To tiia sonsible hanker it that thcre wan nothing to hinder the rest commerce und manufacturing o fui, A Nan. aatiog seatily WIS fe g fo: Riieaes | iralion of e except ths nersistent mieddiine of ahont e it wona, Jariely charged with miuformation. iy unfortunntely now happen o Meinlry of Congress. M VERMILYE dud courtcously any that Gen. Ewizg ang Commitico” had made more fass and doge mischief than all other members of Con tozether, but b would not have viol the Ten Conmandments if he And made vation. Jf this Conzress would only o : 1ta vory prosence at Wushington 18 n cure. | costa the conntry 8 fow huidred thausand vacl day for exponscs, but thnt lsa mere - hite, 1 costa miillonn each day by tho ruscally biiis whicy 1t has pending, and vy the utter uucerinty as 1o the financlal and Industeial future. Any meunes can earn tho lanling gratitude of acnsibic ey wyy can manage 1 get this Congrens 10 £o hume, 1y great deal of work In left undone, no matter: w can sparo almost any branch of (e public arsxice hluluu than wo can afford to keep this Congresy alire. ———— Jony Kervy is lkely to get the worst of the 1ibel suit brought arainst bis vaper, the New York Erpress, by JeNNiNas, tormerly editor of the New York Z%mes, now cditor of a London weekly, whom tho Eepress charzed with beatg his wife, MapsLixe IlENniques, the pretty actress. The actlon has been brought fy g Kederal Court, whero tho Judies and Cominly. sloner of Jurors are no! under Tammany infy. ence, and KeLLy's declaration that to would foreo JENN1NGS to coms over to New York and stand a cross-cxamination gous for wotling, since, If ha wauts to cxamive JexNiNGs, ho must do 80 by a commission, The story about the author of the downfall of the Tammay, Ring bemg adilicted to thrashinz hls wife lu{ ita origiu in a casual remark dropped by Judzg Barvaupina growded roum. ‘They were talx- Inzof tho Zimes attacks on Tammany, anl BarNARD called its editor & ** wife-bestlug Ene glishmay,” just as he might have spoken of 3 “ beer-drinking l-:nulhlmmu.'.’ —————— b The Tndianapolls Journa! fully indorses Tnzs TrICNE'S advico to Congress to suspend fur ther payments into the Sinkinz Fund, It saya: Wo believe, on & full understanding of the facts, thia common keno of the couutry will approve i, The public debt has been reduced at & much niore £aoid rate than the law or the credit of tha natoa required. During the last cight years tae Gore erunient has applicd to the Sinking Fund 3041, 000,0.0 muro than the law roquired. raduction of public deht, and tho continaed pir- ment of interest on the houds purchiased for tys Binking Fund, have made the burden of tazation very heavy, "The public credit cannut possidly ouur by A temporary auspension of thews pay- ments, at least until the exceas alrcady paid joto the Binking Fund snall boe equalizel by tlme. This mich’. posipone the ultinate payment and extine. tion of tho national debt u few years: but no Lara can result from that, while thu relief aforded to tho predent gencration of taxpayers would bo grateful and timoly, The next penegation can weil &WYord to pay ita abare of tho debt IAturtod 1a pre- serving tho Govorament. €1 ———— There has been a bitter quarrel In Binghaz- ton, N. Y., over the Postmasterahip, One fa tlon wanted to remove tho present fncumbent, and the other tu retaln him. Saysa New York paper: . ‘Tho election for Postmaster in Binghamton has resulted In the dofent of the present incumbent, #hd the eleetion of the new appiicant, Mr, ruzNy, by a larzo mn]nru(, Tosre were 1. Jotes cast. andof thess Mr. Sterukna recelved 740, —a majarity of 214.*The Presidout seeras tobe virtually bound by hils own act to appuint the suc- conuful candidute, though the other man declires that he won't give up tho fight, und sume otaerd who hiave beun minor candivutes declary (it 20 nuch snimosity Liae bect created by the wnuraal contust that the asppoinment of n compromise mat is desiruble. Mr. strong testimoutul to his that the auccessful candi of hle earnest suoporta CoNRLiN's fricnds count It a tazity 1n innamtop te 1y known 1o e oud —————— . A Washington dispatch says that, upon the conclusion of the very able speech of Senstor FrRY, of Michizan, an the resumption ques tton, he “was followed in a pretentious manuce hy Dax Voonuges, who had been oftlclously sd- vertised among his ndmirers to sccure a large aadicnce, but without success, Secretary Suzi- MaAX, who came In before the conclusion of Set- ator Frnry's speech, walted to hear & portion of Mr. VOORRERS' remaris, und lelt In dlszust with the Communism, demagogery, and .bun- combe which infectod them througtiout, Fron the berluning to the end of hiy spzech, hie co- deavored to make the country appear hu a worse pticht than Mexico or Turkey, on account ul thy sdministration of tho uatinual fluances. ————— It is o little odd to find a eorgla nowspaper, the Columnbus Enquirer-Sun, talilug of Boi- ern progress in one column and In another sd- vocatiug Lynch law in the followluz straw? A good. sble-bodied, healthy curpse, vz even & aligbtly damaged vno, dangiliuig from the lims of 2 true on & puvlic highway, strlkes more terror 10 the hoart of & criinindl, crested mare respoct for the flat of Justicy toan thu inslde of & |I|anlln| uaile, OF tue presence of an Arumy of Jud an }urymcn. "kliero te un_ appatling grand rll{mw subilmity In the s half-duvoured butan form suspe recelving aliko unqonsciously thu refreshil of the nucturnal dow tuut yive life 1o tav violts ur the glowing rfuys of the moriug sun a1 ) Guceinida tue eastern nOricon And D wITY duwn on a busy world, ———— Concerning the apprupriation of §5,000, fo the River and Larbor steal, for the impraveenl of Eik River, in West Virgluia, the editor of ke Portsmouth (0.) Valley Iilade says It 1s & mu.m; which bo has Jumped many a time fu pur-’:m o rame, and which gocs dry balf the year. U lesn Cox's awendment is adopted, 1o supply it ‘m,h water, the mouey aporopristed for its juiproves ment bad better Lo kept fu the Treasdry «;l' given to the poor. But the FHlouso action in ll-‘ ] shows tho shamelcss mauner fn which that Iu; y acts 1n squandering other peoplu’s tnoncs, V¥ = the members think they ars belping thelr i clectiou. e S Vel The proprietor of tha Cinclunat Buyuirer r:a: dlscharged all bis cditors, and ewploys "m.l.' :fi but the scissors to flit his fourth pajge. -;&& the news, but po oplaious,” o sayys. Tbe Louls Post obscrves: = The Enguirer can bardly expect the public ::m 8 higher valuo on its editorialathan it setsuD 300, snd 40 doubt there could be fuuud -nvhl. -‘l“m onough 10 say that thy wbsence uf editurial v“."uu ot 1s 8o ioss ta the paper, but, withual flattertl o editorisl writers, It I8 only Justice (o etk lost e ey L a0 romd o i Wbt cellancous e Conallered mews. A4 publisbod Lo the cxcius of uther matter, ——————— Congressman Wappsii bad a serenvle ll: Wilmington, N. C., & few nights azo; sud 5 responding, defended bimsclf from 'Mulu styled tho cowardly aud mmalignant ass! 3 made upon blin by mewbers of Iis own .P":‘Y.m bome. He sald that the jourvals fa Nort Lux cltles told the people what be Lad been dowd Copgress, but -1n no paper (o Wilmtugton o the record be found. ———— Totormation reaches Col. BRYANT, St;':":" of the Wiscunsin State Agricultural Bodle !-m the most favorable cluna.'lul_‘l I:zafl“::‘l : growjng tropa du that Btate. acasull ¥ uot guly been unusuily favorablo for welisf -