Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 5, 1878, Page 4

%4 THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUN JAY. MAY ‘5, 1878—SIXTEEN PAGES. - e Tribwwe, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. TY MATL—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPATD. Dally Editlon, on $12.00 Parts of a yeur. Eundey Edition Tiouble Sheet. 3 Partsof u vear. perme 51 WEEELY EDITION, POSTPAID. $ 1.30 Sorons 5:00 Sive Pt e sadress in fan, taclriog Stateand Tiemifttences may be made efthier by draft, expreis, Tmtvulfl.::-: order, o fu rerlstered letters, at our risk TERMS TO CITY SUDSCRIBERS. b sfiy. delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 cents per week. {Jl;. d::l\'tn‘.d. Supday included. 30 cents per week. Adcress THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, ‘Corner Madizon and Dearboru-ets.. Chicazo. JiL. Orders for the delivery of Tux TriETNEaL Evanston. Frziewood, cud Hyde Park left{n the counting-room . fliseceive prowt attention. CH OFFICES. TRIBU. n7CAGO TRICTSE has established branch ofices ccelptof subscrintionsaud advertisemeats as for folloxws NEW YORE—~Toom 29 Tribune Gullding. F. T. Mc- Fapyss, Manager. RIS, France—Xo. 16 Rue de 1a Grange-Bateliere. Apent. Eng.—Amerfcan Exchenge, 440 Strand. CHICAGO LODGE. X0. 91, A. 0. T. W.—Mo: e he for, of the_ miembe Order that Bro, Ig. P. M. W.. will lecture on S“Thie Present State of the' Order, etc.. evening. Ms: ‘%.hlb’l?ls. “1“";{‘;;‘1“"‘ 0. - 2 are fnvited. st towhIch AT REG. LT G CRY. o, 19. K. T.—Stated CHICAGO CO! DERY. Xo. T.oStated ve Monday cventnz. May G, 18 3 e ot Hepdolnn 308 Halsted-sts: A fall attendance Tequosted. Viskiing Sir Roights courtcously luvited. By order of Jas. E. Meglon, Kee) ' hOND. E.C. APOLLO COMMAXDEEY, X0. 1. K. T, conclave Tuesdsy cvening Dextat§ o clock, neas. All reports of Committces will be dite. Attendance of members {3 desirea. Visltord alwass Selcome. - By order of thi Cotnm r. 0P, Recorder. GOLDEX RULE LODGE, o, 72 o E k?l:‘;l_l.— tar Communicztion Tuesday evenlnz. o A N Desree. iilting brethiren always wel- come. By order W. M. CHICAGO CHAPTER NU. 127, Convoeation Monday eveniag, Ma “Work on Mark Degree. LT SUXNDAY, MAY 5, 1878, Tn New York on Satarday graenbacks wero steady, 2t 99% in gold and silver. — The Afint fight is settled so far as the House of Representatives is concerned, that body baving decided to rehebilitate the New Orlexns establishment at a cost of §183,400. With the additionsl facilities which will be afforded by this Mint, the monthly quota re- quired under the Silver bill can be coined withont extraordinary cxertion. From Baffalo comes the news that certain energetic persons are endeavoring to or- ganize another Fenian raid into Cauada. ‘While hostile demonstrations are to be ex- pected on the part of Irish agitators in this country whenever England is at war with an- other nation, 1t would seem as if the Fenians of Buffalo were rather premature in their movement. Perhaps, lowever, they are ounly bidding for a little notoriety and a chance to gain & reputation for mertyrdom by spending a fow months in jail; if so, they will probably gain their laudable ob- ject. Detween the Democrats of ell shades of opinion and the weak-kneed Republicars of no opinion Washington gossip nowadays efords plenty of variety—but it is a variety (hat never rises above the stale, flat, and anprofitable level. Among the schemes sropounded for embarrassing the Administra- lion is thatattributed to the BuTLEE stripe of Lepublicans, who are said to favor an in- vestigation of the President’s title {o office, who arcin favor of beginning it now, znd vwho hopo to pass a resolntion in the Senate vext winter declaring that there was no election of President, and recognizing as President the Democratic Chairman of the Benate, whoever he masy be. This plan is outlined in our dispatches this morning, and is interesting to the nverage reader only as a curious specimen of the silliest class of po- litical trickery extant in the National Capital. Just about this time our British cousins are having occasion to change the tune (until now unpleasantly monotonous) of their remarks concerning the Alabama claims and the Ge- nova ‘award. For several years past the growlers of the Englisn press have growled mbont the injustice of paying a fine of £3,000,000 for depredations committed by the Alabama and Ler consorts during the American War, and hence it is with a pleasurable thrill that we mark the London Z7imes at last alluding to the brighter side of this oft-vexed question. In accepting the” fine the United States has fully established a precedent, says the T'imes, and that precedent will cause the United States to keep a vigilant lookont to pre- vent privateering in case of a . war between Great Britain and Russia. It is, indeed, a poor rule which will not work both ways, and there is much wisdom in the remarks of the Times. In the present state of public sentiment in f.his country there is great probability that in case of such a war Yankee enterprise, if unchecked, might cause much embarrass. ment to English commerce. As it is, this Government will probebly bave a lively time in saving itself from the necessity of paying back the £3,000,000 into the English Treas- ary. Mr. Bazeerr, Supenntendent of the Fire- Alarm Telegraph, has been experimenting at the North Side Water-Works for some wecks with electric lights or candles, with a view of testing their uso as a substitute for gas in the illumination of the streets of the city. He has put his machinery jn the basement of the engine-room at the Water-Works, and Las operated his candlesin the engine-hall, and also from the high tower over the. west- e building. Thousands of persons have visited the nmeighborhood and Wit nessed the experimental iiluminations. The want of means. has precluded auy appropriation by the city for this pur- pose, and the cost of what is doing has to ‘be borne })y the experimenter. Profiting by the experiencs of cach evening’s experiments, Mr. Buxmx:r has already overcome some of ulf! t'i:flienlhas. The light, though intenscly brilliant and for-reaching, was flickering, uflstudy, and uncertain. Efforts have 'heex; directed to overcome this defect, and with fnch success that the flickering has dimin- ished, and the Superintendent is confident of securing 2 steady light. The power of an area of four miles square, and that each electric candle will furnish as much light as 600 gas-lamps. Should the experi- ments prove satisfactory and it should be rendered practicablo to employ this sgency for street illumination, the question of com- parative cost will become of importance. It is claimed that each light can be maintained at o cost of $1,500 per year, and that twenty lights will illumiuate all the strects in Chi- cago. It must be borne in mind that these are mere estimates, and are made by those who are sauguine of suceess, even in advance of all tests. It is proposed to try how far four lights will accomplish the work of illu- mination, ihe lights to be located at different parts of the city on some elevated buildings. In the meantime, the experiments going on at the Water-Works are worthy of aitention, and all will rejoice if they shall prove suc- cessful. $ It appesrs from the letter of our Mil- wankee correspondent that the late munici- pal election in that city had quite as much of a religious 23 a political aspect,—the Mayor and the Comptroller being Roman Catholics, and the new heads of ali the de- partments, except the Health Commissioner, being Catholics also. The auti-Catholic German papersopenly charge the Mayor with intending to fill all the other vacancies with men of the snme religious faith. Thers is also o rumor of a determination to displace the present very able and efticient Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, Jaxes Mac- AvrstEn, Esq., who has so worthily filled the position for four years, with some new man, and, most likely, a Catholic. The appeintment of a new Superintendent is in the bands of the School Board, and not with the Mayor, and strong hopes are entertained that the good of ‘the public will not be sub- ordinated to a denominational success that can only be a temporary gain at best. MR. DERICKSON’S ASSESSMENT SCHEME., The Executive Commiites of the Citizens’ Association have issued an address to the public, in which, without actually adopting Alr. Derickson’s scheme for raising the vel- uation of Chicago property to §400,000,000 or thereabouts, os a basis for the assessment of taxes, they still urge upon the Assessors the purpose of estimating all property at what they call its ““actucl cash value,” and they call upon the taxpsyers of Chicago to volun- teer ns advisory committees to assist in this inflation purpose. The taxpayers of Chi- cago who look after their own interests are in the habit now of consulting the Assessors and ascertaining whether their property has been properly assessed. Any committee of volunteers thet should undorteke to revise the assessment not only on their own prop- erty, but the property of their neighbors, would practically assume the duties of the Assessors. and the Assessors might run as much danger of baing misled as under the present system when they listen to everybody who comes. Executive Comimitteo of the Citizens' Asso- cistion to the effsct that az assessment on the basis uation” would- be a certain and perma- nent remedy against the inequality of assess- ments (which is the chief csuse of com- plaint) must be a delusion. rule for ascertaining an actual cash valaation that will not apply to the ascertainment of a two-thirds valuation. asapt to err, aud are subject to precisely the same influences in the one case as in the otber. is preliminary. supervision of the County Equalization Board, ‘and then of the State Equélizetion Board, whick gives the final decision. Assessors should follow .the advice of the Executive Committee of the Citizens’ Asso- ciation, and makea desperzts effort to place a full cash valuation on that portion of Cook County included within the city limits, the 2,000 other Assessors of the State would still continue to assess on the basis that has been established so many years. It would then become the duty of the State Board of The notion put forth by the of an “actual cash val- Thero is no The Assessors are just In all cases, the Assessors’ valuation It comes first under the If the local Equnlization to reduce the local sssessments of this county to correspond with the rate of assessment in other parts of the State in order to conform to the constitutional prin- ciple of proportional uniformity. The State Board cannot raise the assessments of all the other counties under the existing law more than 2 per cent. By assessing Cook County at four or five hundred millions, if not reduted by the State Board, would have the effect of making the taxpayers of Chicago bear about one-haif of the entire burden of State taxa- tion. The Citizens' Association Esecntive Com- mittee express n sort of vague belief that recdjustment of the assessments on an ‘ act- ual cash basis " might not increase the total valuation. Perhaps it wonldn't, if such a thing as an actual cash value—what the property would sell for to the highest bidder in cash-~conld be ascertained in every in- stance. But, in that case, Mr. DEricrsoN's scheme would fall through, as a high val- untion is essential to the plan of funding the floating debt of the city. That being the object in view, the Assessors would- proceed wpon the principle that previous assessments have been made on a half or third valuation, and this theory would necessitate a vast increase in every case. Indeed, unless Mr. Drricusox’s idea can be carried out to double or trebl;, there is nonotive for chang- ing the ancient system, since it is obvious that individual inequaslities are as likely to ocenr on & professed’system of actual cash valantion ns on a system of reduced but rels- tive valuation. Bat it would be impossible, under any pre- tense of fairness, to attain the total valua- tion contemplated by Mr. Derickson's scheme, which wonld require an assessment amounting to something like $100,000,000. Chicago, some years ago, had a separate s5ys- tom of assessment, when the rule was to as- certain the actual cash valuation. This was before the panic, when the selling value of property, both real and personal, averaged from 50 t0 100 per cent higher than now, yet at that time the total assessment was in the neighborhood of only $300,000,000. An actual cash vsluation ot the present time could not fairly be made to reach anything like that aggregate, 2ud hence Ar. DEenick- sox’s plan would fail. But suppose the patent ** plan ” ghould, by an inflation-forcing process, succeed so far as our local assessment goes, then what ‘would be the results ? - They would necessa- rily be as follows: (1) The City Govern- ment could raise the jtotal burden of , taxe- tion far beyond what it is mnow and still maintasin a lower per cent the light is, however, at "present its strongest commendation. By turning the reflector in the right direction the remotest parts of the city can be illuminated. It is claimed that a light can be thrown sufficiently str_wngmbeseenntndjstmceof thirty miles. The point aimed at is to discover the adaptsbility of this Light for street illumination. It is cleimed that ezch elcetric light will illuminate than a¢ present ; {(2) the County Gov- ernment, limited by the Constitution to 75 cents on §100, would thus be ensbled sz double up the county tazes, and the pub- lic would have no remedy against the ra- pacity of a taxcating ring; (3) the State Board, following its nsual course of raising !Jm Cook County valuation, or even by leav- ing the excessive assessment alome, conld meke Cook County pay au enormonsly dis- proportionate share of the State taxes; and (4) the valuation of Cook County properly no longer being uniform with the reintive valuation of tie other countics in the State, taxpayers would have a good and suficient causo for resisting en masse:the payment of taxes, and our financial affairswould become more involved than ever. The cure would bo worse than the disense; it would be out of the frying-pan into the fire. It is evident that this whole schema of changing the nssessment system in Cook County is based upon false premises, and, if the Citizens’ Association refuse to abandon it, then the three Assessors of Chicago shounld simply refuse to be guided by their ‘badadvice ; otherwise, the Assessorswill ma- terially increase ths cmbarrassments of our Tocal financial affairs. e e THE COUNCIL COMMITTEES. There runs a story that there is discontent in the Common Council, and that the faction which was defeated in the sclection of the Committees last week intend to make a bold strike to-morrow cvening ‘to have the op- pointment of the Committees reconsidered and 2 new deal made. The vote last week was 20to 14, with two members, Messrs. Cany and Dacy, absent. Tt is now expected, and in- dead claimed, that a sufiicient number of the twenty lhiave ngreed to vote for reconsidera- tion, and to vote for a new list of Commit- tees, in which Blessrs. LAwLER, CULLERTON, Rray, and Joxas are to be put in control of the Finance Committee, and of all the other Committees in the interest of the Ring, having charge of the expenditure of money and the levy of taxes. Who the Aldermen are that are expected {o change their votes and have a reorganization of Committees is not stated, nor are we aware that there is any foundation for the story that such a changeis intended. Thereis nodoubt, howerver, that the ringsters of the Council were not only disappointed, but sadly grieved at their dofeat. and that the list of commit- tees as adopted was very distasteful. Thg vote on the adoption of the committees at tho last meeting was: Yras—Pearsons, Tuley, Ballard, ~Sanders, Thelps, Gilbert, Mallory, Rtordun, Beidler, Smyth, Cook, Throop, Seaton, Rawleigh, Thompson, Knopf, Stanber, Niesen, Waldo, Schweisthal—20. Nars— "“Lm\'l er, Lodding. Cullerton, Xally, O . Eiszner, MeXuruey, Weticrer, Janssens, McCaflrey, Jonas—id. The list of Comumittees as proposed by the minority gave CuLLERTON and Law- LER more conspicuous aud important posi- tions than are awarded them by the list which was adopted, and the change sought has, after all, no other purpose than to muke CuLLErToN, Ryay, and ToLLy a majority of the Comnitice on Public Buildings, and to make Lawzer, Joxas, aud OLIvER a mejority of the Committee on Railronds. The same list proposed to make Ociver, Lobpixg, and McCAFFRET 6 majority of the Police Com- mittee, and Ryay, McNunsEy, and ToLry a majority in control of the Fire Department. We do unot believe that there are any of the Aldermen who voted for the Committees which were adopted who think the public service or the public interests will be pro- moted - by making CuLrLerToN, Jovas, McCerrney, and Lawren the control- ling mombers of tho City Council. The struggle was to obtain a majority on the Committees having the expenditure of public moneys, and it did not seem to the majority that the control of the City Gov- ernment should be given over to any two or four members. We are unable to guess the names of any of the twenty members who voted to adopt the list of Committees a week ago who can be induced to reconsider that vote to magnify either the personal conse- quence or controlling power of McCsrFreY, Lawzzr, and Currertoy. To reverse the action of last weck will be to add to the gen- eral business confusion and uncertainty which are just now so sadly embarrsssing the City Government in its financial opera- tions. MORE BEECHER SCANDAL SENSATION. If we may put any credence in the dis- patches, letters, interviews, and rumors that are flying round, Mr. BEECHER is to assume the aggressive in the miserable scandal business, and institute proceedings against TiutoN and Mourrox upon the charge of conspiracy. We do not put the utmost faith in the announcement, as it originally started from Mr. BercBER's lecture-sgent, who has a keen ecye for advertising sdvanteges, and may have an itch, for all we know, for per- sonal notoriety. In point of fact, it requires a sublime degree of faith to repose confi- dence in any declaration ‘made by any party connected with this disgusting record of contrarieties, contradictions, and confessions; ‘but this Intest phase is developed in such a bold and assuring way that it is worth con- sidering as part of the history of the case. The new chapter has its origin in the ap- pearance of another * mutual friend,” with the suggestive name of Mix. MouLToN was the mutual friend between Beecarr and Tr- Tox, and BMix is claimed to have been the mutual friend between TrrTox and MovrToN. He was undoubtedly a very proper person for the position, as he had been Vicromia Woopnvry’s confidentinl agent for scven years, meanwhile drifiing about from one paper to another, and eventually land- ing in the New York Post-Oftice. It is alleged that, as a friend of TriToxy and JMourtox and as the agent of Madzine Woop- moLr, he came into possession of private letters and other documents written by Truroy, and MourToy, and Mrs, Mourrox, which taken together form a complete chain of testimony that proves the conspiracy. Of course, the first question that will occur to apy one is, Why did 3r. Mx hold thesc pa- pers so meny years beforo making known the nature of their contents? In an- swer to such a possible question, it is alleged, first, that he was for a long time the dupe and unconscious tool of the couspirators, which does notseem compatible with the sharpness of a man who could satis- fectorily cccomplish Madame Woopnurr's confidential business for seven years. Sec- ond, we are treated to the somewhat senti- mental statement that he was urged to make the discovery known by his mother, who supposed herself to be on her deeth-bed. The story, it must be confessed, starts off rather suspiciously. =Nevertheless, here is what the new Mutual Friend proposes to show: He is going to prove that Mr. Tr- Tox did not tell the whole truth on the' wit- ness-stand about his relations with the Woop- HUzL; that Mrs. TiuroN’s compromising letters were inspired by TiLTox ; titat TrutoN ‘made many successful mrangemeuts to keep Mademe WoopHULL at. his house all night, against Mrs. Trrroy’s wishes; that Mr. Beeca- Ex's ““ragged-edge” letters were all based upon TrrToN’s discharge from the Jndepend- ent through Lis icfluences; that the inter- views of Brecmm with WoopEULL were planned by the conspirators; that Trurox, notwithstanding his previous denials, pre- pared the statement of the scandal that originally appeared in the Brooklyn Argus; that Trrow kmew his wife was innocent of ¢ the great transgression ” with. her pastor; and numerous othér points, *which, tsken together, will' show 'a conspiracy to ruin BrEciHER, according to BEECRER'S advertising agent and WoopruLy's ex-confidential agent. And, after ail, cui dono? Assuming, by » strotch of credibility, that the story is true, to what results does it leed? What is the mo- tive of the conspiracy? Upon this point the confidentinl agent is curiously silent. If Trurox believed that Beccmen was really guilty of adultery with Mrs. Tirrox, and that the Intter had violated her marital vqws, it is possible that such o conspiracy might have been set on foot to ruin Brromer solely out of revenge, although it is difficult to con- ceive of a revengo so mean, despicable, and contemptible, or so utterly at varinnce with all ideas of manliness and personal honor. If e felt himself aggrioved at Beecner’s hands, it is, to sny the least, difficult to conceive why he did not seek {bat personal satisfaction which would instantly have suggested itself to @ man. Neveriheless, this species of revenge might have actuated such a maudlin sentimentalist as TirToN has always been. Unfortunately for this theory, 3rx says Tirtox always knew his wife was innocent, which is bad for him and his story, because it is utterly incomprehensible. It will not be believed by auy onc that TrnroN was such 2 monster of depravity as to seek such revenge upon Beecukk for Joss of em- ployment, by concocting this monstrous charge ngainst his own wife, and making her confess it, all the while believing her to be a pure, innocent woman. This is too low a depth of depravity for acy oue to reach, even upon Mix's predicates. If it were true, then the Truroxs and MourToNs, if snne, ought to be hanged to successive lamp-posts; if insane, they ought to be sent to asylums as dangerous pests to auy commuuity. Rather than believe this, it is ensier to believe that Mixis mixing him- self up in this case through sheer ** cussed- ness,” or from desire for notoriety. It may not Liave oceurred to the man Mrx that people will wonder why two friends who could not trust each other could be induced to ftrust athird person with all their private .affairs who had been in Dstress WoopnuLr's peculiar confidences for seven years, and who. was selling obscene correspondence, b the time of the -scandal, to any one who would purchase, in lots and kinds to suit. Before accepting Mix's won- derful budget of discoveries, the public will be very likely to want to know something of Mix's relinbility as a witness, and what is the complexion of his *little gome.” It is Iate in the dny for an outsider to come into this case and seek to revive any interest. The partics who lave already been on the stage have cxhausted the resources of the scandal;; and the tossing of a peuny is quite as reliable a basis for resching a settled opinion as auything Alix can say, when Beecuzr, being an innocent man, humbles himself befors ‘TiLTox as be- fore his Gop, and Drs. Tietox, being an innocent woman, one day confesses adultery and the next day denies it. Mrx is e super- 1luous factor in the case. SEWER-GAS, AND HOW T0 DEAL WITH IT. Fortunately, the subject of sewer-gases is beginning to attract more attention {rom the masses than formerly, and this ciroumstance is urging the scienlific men to a more thorough investigation. It is not easy to overestimate the impairment of health caused by the insidious and fever-breeding gases that are disseminated more or less through overy house in which the modsrn appliances of sinks, bath-tubs, and watar-closets sre used. Tho inventive genius of the mechanics to contribute convenience and comfort to city life has outrun the inspection of the sanitary ngents and the rescarches of the chemists with 2 view to the protection of good heelth. The fact is now generally nccepted that much of the sickness of city life may be traced to sewer-gases ; but it still remains, we believe, to analyze the nature of the various gases that contribute to the general evil, and no simple and practicable mecns have yet been approved for prevenling their entranco into the living apartments. The progress in the investigation thus far has been limited to o demonstration of the errors under which people have satisfied themselves that they have been amply protected when they were not. It has been ascertained, for in- stance, that it is not the bad-smelling gases alone that are injurious,—such gases carry a warning with them; but there are others which, without disturbing the nesal comfort or gense of security, are cqually menacing to good health. It was also the prevailing be- Tief that the dangers and offcnsivencss came from the carbonic gas, which, being heavy; may be kept down by water, but it has now ‘been ascertained that there are lighter gases that muke their way throagh the water, lie on top of it, aud diffuse themselves through the openings when the wind isin the right direction. It is not safe, therefore, to concluda that tha traps are ont of order, and to think that a plumber can remove the troudle. As a metter of fact, it has now become very doubiful whether any system of plumbing yet contrived will pro- tect a honse thoroughly, and attention has been very properly directed to the subject of ventilation. There have been some recent experiments in New York which have thrown more light upon this evil than we hava ever had before. The Board of Health in that city have cansed 8 complete specimen of house-plumbing apparatus to be erected in a room at Police Headquarters and connected with the sewer. In order to show the operation of the water and gases the pipes and traps have been made of glass, so that their working can be seen. The following is a description of the apparaius : Near the flooralarze gink, ench as might be found in 2my one of 10,000 dweliings in this city, has been placed. and below it an ordinary S trap, made not of lead, nowever, but of glnss-tubing, for the purpose of ‘permittin an observer to watch the flow of water through it. A few above Thse i 2 zine-led box, with a water-tap above it, to representa basin or sink upon another floor. This connects with the Fame upright waste- and with a trap, made like the other, of ol Still higher up the wall. below the reservoir t is another S trap of glass, through which a rood head of water may be turned from the tank above —just such a rash of water down the pipe as might occur by the throwing open of the wasic of a bath- tub on the upper tloor of a fin dwelli; of adeluge of water from a pai the upper basin of u fencment-house. e waste- ipe has 2 chain attached to a valve, allowing it to be closed ahove the upper trap, as in the olu and zeneraliy followed practice of New York plumbers, orit_may be thrown open fo tne roof, as recom- mended in alt later works on sanitary engineenug, and by the Boara of Health in 1ts reports on de- fective plambing and bouse drumnsge, publishea for public mformation. It has been a generally-recced opinion, confirmed usually by physicians, that a lib- eral flooding of the pipes with water, with a good system of traps to hold water, carries off the gases; but the observation of the experiments made with tho glass apparatus has proved the contrary. It was found that the opening of the sink by the withdrawal of the stoppage-plag and the flushing of the pipes created a suction on the traps above that soon withdrew the standing water and left o free passage for the air and gases. Such flushing of the kitchen-sink- in the evening after the wash.basius, bath-tubs, or -roof of the house. closets abova have been used for the-last time during that day would drain the traps of water and afford a free passage for the gases during the night. To remady this, it wonld be necessary to keep watar moving constantly, which is usually forbidden by the suthorities, and whica is, besides, open to 1uany objections. This experiment was repeated after s free communication . was attached from the top of the waste-pipe to the voof, and then it was found that thoupper trap was protected. Another experiment, how- ever, in which the flushing of the waste-pipe was made from {he top, showed tkat the suction affected the lower irap as it had previously affected the upper, thus leaving 2 passage for the sewer-gases into the sink. From this it was concluded that compiete protection could only be secured by attach- ingan air-pipe between each trap and the 1t is proper to say that these experiments were not contined to any one system of traps, but that all the patent contrivances offered for {rial were tested with the same results of failure. It amounts to almost a scientific conclusion, then, that immunity from the dengers of sewer-gas can only be secured through an elaborateand thorough system of ventilaiion. Erven if traps could be invented that would overcome the suction which results from flooding the pipes, it is now known to be a2 fact that there still remains a serious danger from the permeation of the lighter gases through the standing water in the trap, and | from evaporation of the water after stauding for a time. Itis only through ventilation, {berefore, that these pernicious agencies can be controlled. But there are thousands of houses in our large cities which will remein for many yesrs whose owners or occupants ara oo carelessor cannot afford to nttach the claborate system of air-pipes which scem to be necessary, judging from the New York experiments, aud there will be hundreds and oven thousands mora con- structed from this time on without incmiring the extra expense of n complete system of ventilation. In the meanlime, some privaie experiments have resulted in a simpler plan, which at least guarantees a much superior protection to sny that can be acquired through traps alonc. It has been found that by makingan opening into a chimuney and car- rying en gir-pipe to it from the waste-pipe below the traps, a relief from the mephitic gases is obtained, and probably a considera- ble protection agninst all kinds of sevrer-gus. This is a process which is not nearly so ex- pensive as carrying air-pipes into the roof, sud its service is of the same nature as the other. It affords not only n larger opening for the light gases to escape than they can find through the {raps, bat nlso an air-passage which will operate to pre- vent the suction that draius the traps of the water after the water-pipe has been flooded. When tiere is a fire there is an additional draft which will help suck in the foul air and gases through the chimmey, and so eject them into the open air; for this reason, it is better to attach the air-pipe to the kitchen- chimney, which is supplied with the draft from a fire all the year around ; but, where this is not practicable, then such an atiach- ment should be made with the furnace-chim- ney. We belidve that intelligent plumbers will all approve this plan. The sanitary authorilies of our cities should also give proper attention to the suggestion, already noticed by Tre TripuNE, that the men-traps in the street connceting with tle sewers should be covered with perforated iron-grat- ing instead of closed tops; the man-traps will then furnish escapes for the gases from the main sewers that are driven back by the wind inte dwellings. It is Delieved that these geses become innccuous as soon as they reach the open air. [t will be a long time, however, before the authorities of cities can be made to talke the matter in band, and meantime every householder should begin to veutilate for himself. IRISE TASTE! ENCIES, The debate in the British Puarlimaent on the Lrrrery murder has developed some strange statements, and perhaps none more surprising than those adduced by Earl Dus- BAVEY in his speech in the House of Lords. He has discovered, and Lolds him- self responsible for saying, that the Irish are not a Celtic people, or a naturally a cultaral people, or a people of dispossessed small proprietors clinging to their ancient estates, or a people wedded to Catholicity ! This arrsy of negations is impressive. Euch member of it overthrows a cherished belief. Wo had supposed, for instance, that it was perfectly safe to say that the Irish were a Celtie people,—so safe, indeed, that the as- sertion would be a truism, and a contrary statement like o denial of the earth's motion or of the universal laws of matier. "There hns seemed to be an atfinity between the Highland Scotch, Welsh, French, and Irish which has hitherto been accounted for by o reference to their common Celtic origin. Rut Lord Duxnavex declares that this common origin is imaginary. **The Trishman whom we see,” he is reported as saying, “has probably as much of Danish, Norman, and Anglo-Saxon as of Celtic blood in his veins.” As to the Irish being naturally not'an ag- ricultural people, there is roowm for a differ- ence of opinion with Lord DuNrav] It is true that they do not engage any mors than they can help in the cultivation of the soil in Ircland; but whether their choice of pursuits is due to 8 natural indisposition to farm-ln- bor, or to an innate taste for town-life, does not so clearly appear. They have had some reagons to withdraw from the -pains and pleasures of agriculture in their own country since they have found that the pains so largely exceeded the pleasures. It bhas been pot-luck, or no Tuck at all, with them for four centuries. When not engnged 1 re- pelling foreign invasion they have been plung- ed in intestine warfare. The Ever-Faithful Isle bhas been an ever-fertile isle, and has been the more hotly disputed for on that ac- count. When it finally passed uader the control of England, a new race of landlords, holding their tenures by right of conquest, was imposed upon jt. They sacked aud pillnged the country more effectually than the armies of CroxwELL or WrLrraxe IIT. had done. The tillers of the soil were not per- mitted to have more than a bare margin be- tween their actual living wanis and the proportion of products they were compelled to pay in rent. Femine frequently caught thom, and no Irishman was esteemed so bappy or so lucky as the one who left his native land forever. We think it not sur- prising, under the circumstances, thet the Irish did not grow fond of an agricult- ural life. Nor was it surprising that they did not carry with them to their new homes, wherever they might be, & love of country-life. Centuries of experience had taught them to fice the country and live in cities, where the ordinary principles of commercial bonor insured them at least & fair day’s pay for a fair day’s work. It is a great misfortune that these notions— well enough edapted for Ireland, but utterly misapplied in America—have bsensolargely brought to this countiry. The Irisain Amer- ica wounld be happier and tho country more prosperous if, on commg to this country, thay had more genzrally followed the example of the Germans and tnken up cheap or unoc- cupied londs according to their wants. DBut the fact that they have chosen to do other- wise does not so cartainly indicate, as Lord DuxravEN seems to think it doos, that they are maluraily nwot on agricuit- ural people. They bave hitherto not kad an opportunity to develop their naturaldis- positions in this respect. Mo nation mot composed of fools would caltivate the soil under the conditions imposed by the English owners on their Irish fedants. As these conditions hava Deen withdrawn, and the Irish have becoms accustomed to the idea of free labor on free soil, they have entered mora on the possession of farms. There has been a notable movement of this sort in New Euagiend of Iate. In New Hampshire, Ver- ont, and Maine there are many thousauds, perhaps from 20,000 to 30,000, small farms gradually coming into the market, the native population retiring from them: to seek em- ployment elsewhere. These arz being taken up by the French Capadians aund Irishin about equal proportions. The growth of the Catholic population dua to the immigration of theso iwo elements is cvidenced in the fact thet within eighteen years there has been an increase in ke number of Roman Catholic Bishops in New Enalend of from one to cight. - Whatever may be the ‘‘npat- urel” disinclination of the Irish to agricult- ural Iebors in their own country, theéir objections ere graduaily being overcome in New England. Lord DuNravEN’s argument proceeds in an equally ingenious manner to show that the TIrish pensentry have no hereditery attach- menl to the soil, and that their persecution 2s Catholics hes been duc to the excesses of Catholies on the Continent, which has caused retaliation in Ireland. It is not worth the while to refute these statements in turn, even though they could be essily refuted. They are uoticeable more for their curious originality than for their historical impor- tance. 'They may lead eventually to conclu- sions as serious s that an Irishman, besides being no t and no Celt, dces not admire a pretty girl or u brave man, or know the companionable qualitics of potheen, or love a serap of 4 serimmage with a shillelah. But util these assertions are established on bet- ter authority than Lord DuspavEN's, we shall be in favor of retaining the oid no- tion of the Irish race as inclined to do about right as between man and man,—too gen- crous to its friends to bave slways ample clarity for its enemies; but, withal, witty, cheerful, and induostrious in its own good time and manuer. DERDY'S SUCCESSFUL FINESSE. Lord Derpy’s speech in explanation of his resiguation was received by the Tory press of England, and particularly by the Sufur- day Review, with expressions of consterna- tion snd disgust, Affecting not io under- stand his full merning, and crediting his Lordship with amisble but mistaken inten- tions, the editors still found in his published utterances much that demanded rebuke. They characterized bhis statement, that he resigned in consequence of proposuls of Government not made public, as *‘a grave indiscretion.” His explanation of the selfish policy of Louis Naroreox during the Cri- mean War, which induced him, for personal reavons, to sscrifice 100,000 French lives in supporting England’s quarrel ; of * the be- nevolent neutrality of Brsyrarck ™ during the war just concluded; and, generally, of the itficulty or impossibility of secaring a Con- tinental afliance, was pronourcced ‘ not con- sistent either with good tasie or good judg- ment.” But the part of his speech which provoked the graatest outery had reference to Austria. He expressed * sn affronting doubt of the solvency aud even of the perinanent oational existence of Austrin.” An nunsue- cessful campaiga, he declared, * would probably break Austrin into fragments.” This public recognition of the unfortunate internal dissensions of Austrin was- well cal- culated, the Sulurday [fleview observed, to break ol the negoiiations for an alliance which the speaker professed to be anxious to obtain. Forif it is once admitted that the Gerwaus in Austria follow the lead of Bis- rarce, and the Sclavs uphold Russia as against Turkey or any Power assisting Turkey, Austria may as well be counted out of the fight. The mention of these dissen- sions in the Lnglish Parliament by one so Iately the Sccretary of State for Foreign Af- fnirs could hardly fail to alivnate the affec- tions of that party in Austria which had fe- vored an-English alliauce. If Lord Derpy had desired to breakoff that allizace, he could 1ot huve proceeded more ingeniously to ac- complish his purpose thun by delivering the speech in question. This wes tho condition of English Con- servetive opinion after the delivery of Lord Derpy's speech nud before the revelation of the secret plans of the Government which caused his x on. The uext develop- ment took place when it was announced that the Govermuent had ordercd the trausporta- tion of 7,000 native troops of India to Malta, to be followed, if nccessary, by the whele force of 200,060 Diacks, - with the alterior design of recruiting fresh levies in the event of &n European war. This, it at once eppeared, was the plan of the Government which Lo Dersy could not sauction, the persistonce in which eaused bis retirement from the Cabi- net. and perbaps influenced Disraerr to ¢hoose as his snceessor the Secretary of State for Indis, who would uaturally be interested in the promotion of so vast an Indisn project. Now the murder was omt. It caused mmezement in 2l ranks of English society. All the Liberal press sud poli- ticians denounced it. "The moderate Con- gervatives were staggered. Quly the thick-and-thin supporters of the Govern- ment stood byit. The Spectator summed up the argnment against this unprecedented movement in one of the strongest articles cailed out by the war negotiations. It ob- jected to the employmant of Indion troops in Europe s an uowise cxpedient, be- canse involving the same practice in fature wars, and imperiling the fabric of civilization itsclf. It compared tho use of foreign levies by England with the ewmploy- ment of barbarian hordes by Rome, and pre- dicted consequences as fatsl iu one instance asin the other. Cerininly so dangerous a wenpon wonld return to plague its inventor. This would be a novel manner of ipsuring the safety of Indin. If England shouid teach her Indian subjects to war snceessfully with Europeans she could not expect that they wonld fight unsuccessfully with her for their own independence. To teach Indians to fight for the subjagation of whites is not the way to make them meek and submissive au- der the English yoke. There was, besides, a strong objection to the employment of Indizn troops, who were black Mussulmang nd § gans, against Christians and whiteme, garia, The sentiment of Earope shocked by such a letting loose of of war. Itwould be & restoration ism in this contury of progress g enment to a pinnacle of splendy, 5 never befora attained. PTo c:ni::: ;m barians the right to invads Euzope, - tramplo down the homes of pencefyy 'w;.i:' Christians, would be to sanction ideas .,; horrant to modarn Chris! anity, ; an act of abdication for raligion ang ity. Stiil the DisrAELt ngmmeml pl:::a' in this policy, depending upon the all’}. e with Austria to make it effeciual. T, 0% since that alliance has appaared im ble that the drawn back. ‘Was Lord DErBY's spesch, which obstacles in the way of the Ausirian alliang 50 unpremeditated as it appears] o bc:? ‘Was he, as the Saturday Reriew said, spegk. ing with *nnconscious rashuess,” or hag lx- sweighed his words well and calenlated um; effoct? The latter supposition is the mog, reasonable of the two. Itis probable fyo, b Lord Dzssy, r."!m has the reputation of beig, the most sagacious and far-seeing suhsm; in England, saw from the first the dangerg of the proposad traasfer of Indian nativa troops to Enrope. Se:eing them, he opposed the proposition made in Cabinet mestin, and be resigned rather than consent iy :;; monstrous an innovation. Nor was he con- tent to resign and submit. He had mess, ured swords with Disraerr and been beaten at the first pass. He snw that crafty and yy, scrupnlouspolitician—that intriguing Ve, tian Jew "—about to triumph over him, ang that, too, at the expense of Christianity, hg. menity, and civilization. His impulss vy to defeat this iniquitous scheme at any price. The only way to beat it was to bregk the Austrinn allinnce. This he resolved to do. His speech drove the knife into Anstris with a firm haud 2nd @ stesdy aim. It ex. Libited in a calm, dispassionate, incisive, ang conclusive manner the poverty of Austriag resources, the three-fold character of the Ans. trinn Empire, and tho certainty that itwonld be rent by intornal convulsions unless the people were united. The argument went bhome with telling effect. Austrin becams indignant and withdrew from England. Drs. parLr was deprived of the means of prose cuting the war toa successful conclusion, The vacillations of the Cabinet rescted on Parlizment, snd those of Parliament on the people. The war party now, for the first time in months, is destitute of argument, of the promisoof glory, and almost of hope. Austria is no more heard of as the great and glorious ally of England, and England her- self is about to enter on the Peace Congress which she pronounced a short time ago im. possible. If negotiations shall ba entered on and pesce concluded, & large share of the credit of an honorable settlement of afool- ish and inexplicable quarrel will helong to Lord Degsr, and his patriotism and sagacity will have in history snd the gratitade of posterity tho rewards which are damied them now. i = would by of Pagyy, nd enligh. tis only 3 Dractica. Government has isne:edm thresy In nis paper in the last Ninetzenth Century on the relations of England to the Turkish ques- tion Mr. GLADSTONE talked thkus plaialy and truthfully to his countrymen: Finally, I am selfizh enough to hope, in the in- terests of my country, that in the approaching Cunference or Congress we may have, and msy Aise, an_opportamity lo_acquire the good will of somebody. Ly somebody I meunsome nation, and not merely some Government. e huve, I fear, for the moment profoundly alienated, if no:es- asperated, eighty millions of Kussians. We bave repelled, and, I fear, estranged. twenty millions of Christians in the Turkish Empire. Weseemto have pusscd rapidly, and not witnout cause. inwa like iil odor with its twwents millions of Mobim- medans. It is not in France, ltaly, or Germany that we have made any conques: of afection.td muke up for socn great detaults. Norisitin millions, and_cvery Magvar with the second Where is all this to stop? Neither in personal nor in national life will self-gloridcation supply the place of general respect or feed the hunger of tze heart. Ricn and stronz we are. but no veople s rich emouzh or strong enough to disreganl the priceless vulue of boman sympathies. At the close of the vear, should an sccoant be taken, [ trust we may find at our commard a less meazre store of them than we have had at ity beginning. —_————— It 13 not often that one sees regrets expressed 2% the aiscovery of a new gold mine, but bere s a loud growl from the London Spectator : We regret decply to see statements that gold has been discovered in Wynaad, the best coffee-pro- duetng district of Soutli India, and is being worked by the *+Alpha Mining Company.” The worid does not meed more gold, and the disturbance which a profitable old-field would prodace in an Tndian districe mizht be excessive. The prodts of the bosiness will certainly not exceed those of cof- fec-planting, while their gambiin: charcter may attract hosts of Enropeans, whom the Maams Government may find 1t very digicalt to coptsol. We do not. of course, vouch for the reports, but we believe them, as the existence of goldin the long been demonstrated. The natives, moe s ecially fn the Panjaband Assam, make & wretched 1vin:z of the search, but then they ouly wash tha suriace-sandz, leaviny the °*reefs ¥ from which the gold is brought down unattacked. The Awam gold-bearing resion 1# in the centre of a contineat, fnd well out of tae way, but the Wynaad reefs. they tarn out prodtavle, are accessible by ratlway within twelve miles The Hon. Gal A. Grow's chances for zetting the Reprblican nomination for Gov- ernor of Pennsslvania have increased so rpidly, suys an exchange, **that during the past few days the politicians and editors of the State, who have been decluring that he bad o strei , are ou the razzed edge of a paniu Weeks ago tney picked out o man for the post- tion, aud calmnly declared bim the cholce of the people. They are just disovering that thepeo pie are preferring to muke their own choice, and. now admit that their man must be with- drawn in favor of a new one who will conceu- trate the elements aeainst Guow, end the sext 1uost prominent. candidate, WICKZRsIAY, sod thus present the nomination of either.” Bu Grow szews to be the coming man. e a—— One of old Jous Ropixsox’s clephants g0t louse the other day and cavorted round fo the wanner familiar to most re s of Americad newspapers. It was a real live elephaut this time, and a resular bona fide escape, as Witness the action for damages brought by the heirs adwinistrators, and assigns of the two men actually kilied. It.would bave been cheaper nad the showman invested the movey fn adver tisiug, even in expensive mediums, espechllf asin all probabillty 95 per cont of the telegranh editors to whom the report of tne accident camd crumpled up the manifold and threw i© into the waste-basket, remarking contemptuouslyy * That thing is played!"” e The tenants of Lord Lerrrrs have been bold- ingr mectings and miving evidence to the efl—’ff tisat the late Earl was not by any means so blsck 25 he was painted,—ia particular tuat the s members who attributed his murder to the v Zeauce of the family of some outraged womal was guilty of a misstatement of fact. ItlS wworthy of note that the manfac who inesitably gives himself up and confesses to the crime wWhenever a particularly sesational murder takes place, bas already come to the front n Suffolk, Eng., where, with all the contrition in the world and expressing a desire for Ivstant execution, Le placed bimself in the hauds ol the police. ‘The severe pecuniary loss inflicted upon eX* Gov. WASHBUKN, of Wisconsin, in the total struction of his two large grist-mills fo Minoe Tin By the qogy " and to siga Austrin, where every Slav is with_the ilrst twenty” South, as well 23 in Assam snd the Pup’ad, has. apolis, will naturally excite the sympatbics ofs . people whom he has so long served jo an offie capacity, aud who have reaped some of the ber efit of his generous fortune. At the Vel moment that bis great mills were turning® dust and ashes under the nery tongue of tR devourivg element, the liberal owner was in Matison with 4 committee of the Regentsol . R AT i