Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 27, 1878, Page 12

12 TILE COUKTS. The Ups and Downs in Mclintire's Case. The Appellate Court Sits Down on J. H. Hildreth, 5048 Pelitions in Bankropley, 8. J. Walker's lactuded. A ) "Beoord of Judgments, New Snits, Oriminal Business, Eto, MINTIRE. ‘The babete corpus case of Henry A. Mclntire eame np sgain before Judge Wililams yesterdny. Mclntiro wasarrested In New York a week ago on 8 requisition on & charge of embezzlement while President of the Flrat Natlooal Dank of Lake City, Col., and, while onhis wayto Coloradatn charge of an officer, he was stopped as he passed nrough Chicago on a writ of habeas corpna issned by Jndge Willtams, The case was partially heard Monday and adjsurned to give Charles A. Toll, the afficer, time to get coples of the paperson which the Governor of New York Issucd the reanisition, At the opening of court, Mr. F. W, Darker eald e had examined the papere from New York, and thonght them wholly insuMcient. The afdavit wav withou, the proper sesl, ana did not sppear properly anthenticated in other ways. Mr. Reed amended the retarn In gome minor particalars, and then filed 1t. 1fealso claimed that tha papera on which McIntire was arreated in Now York wero auflictent, and that they were correct capies of the originale. Mr, Barkor denled it, as the papers bore no evl- dence of such fact. ‘The Judge hardly thonmght the certification at- tached to tho papers was suflicient to establish their authenticity. It marely -uw:. that aclork them with the oripnals, hlfirflflzfi’:l’}en :Ml lnl nfldl‘:‘l’: of Charles . Toll, {o the effect that the papers purporting to bo coples of theaMdavit, etc., on which the reqnisl- tion was based were exactcopies; that Mcintiro wae properly captored, and was a fogitive from tice, ’“gdrwll rker objected to Toll's aMdavit becanse ho was attorney of ibe parties prosccuting Mcln. tire. Judge Vau Higgins, another of Mcintire's coun- “fmemu SR Tolla afidavit was: ony 1o the eflect that he believed the papera wore correct. Mr. Reed claimed that all the papers wera not necessary in any case. Judge Van Higgins claimed a man could not be held on wholosale affidavits and sllegations based only on belicl, Thero was no proof thst there had been & reqaisition from the Governor, Mr. Recd arzacd that the only paper necessary to anthorize Toll to take Mcintire from New York to Colorado waa the cettificate of the anthority from tlie Governor of New York, Mcintire was nota citizen of lilinnis, and could not be releascd here. It was Impossible for An agent to carry all the pa- pers with him on which a requisition was based. Judge Van Higzine sald he only claimed tho man was illegally detatned. It was incambent on 'Foll to show lhn{lhe arrest was legal. Tae burden of proul was on him. Mr. Reed thonght the preaumption was in favor of Toll when he had gotten Mcintire into his cus- tody. .\fl'. Ewett, one of the numerons attorneys for Meclntire, charged that the (lovernor of New York had no right to surrender Mclntire on the vapers filed with iim. A whole weck had elapeed since thie habeas corpus was bognn, nnd t thne had been given to get coplea of the papers from New York. The arreet had not been shown to be legal, and McIntire onght to be dlscharged, 'ndgo Willisma sald the firat question to bo do- tcrmined waa whether the warrant was enongh, on ils face, to lastify the peraon named in it In taking the prisoner to the State from whence Lhe requl- #1tjon was tssued and protect im from an exain!. nation into the legallty of his detention fn ihe meantime. ~Thu couneel for ‘Foil hnd admitted that, If tho _requisition were on the Governos of Hlinots, & Judge would have the rizht to Jook into sicn requisition and the pa- pers on sehich It was bared uuder a writ of haleas cornus, ani seo If tho warrant was Iegal. It was slso ndmitted that n Judge In New Vork wauld have the vamo rignt under ‘the present clrcum. * wlances, but it was argued that a Judge of 1liinols could not go behind a warrant issucd by the Gove cinor of New York on arequisition to him. That positlon wns an exceedingly dangerons one. Tup- woae Melntire had been urrested withont s shadow of justification, on a vold warrant from tho Gov- vrnor, would that protect TOLLY ‘There waa no provision of the law reqoiring that mure falth sboald be given by a Judge to the de- rees, urdere, eic., of & aister State wmore than he wound give ta the decrees, cic., of his own State. The executionof the warrant wasa mere minlstetial act, —there was nothing judiclal about it, even thouzh made by o Governur of a State, The war- raul ncquired no greater or farthor powsr by pass- 10z the line of o Siate Into some other State, and thera wus no_rcaeon why it should do that: if a Jdudze of tho State where it was 1 ! auire nto the legality of its nother Btate confd, “Thie next question was aa to swhother the papers Leforo the Court were anlliclent, 1t was necessary that the charge made In Colorado should be before e Conrt, A record could 1n suine cases be proved Ly an nxamined copy. It could be praved vy the ailldavit of a plr!{ wno had exumined the origlnal and copy lino by fine. But thero was no suMcient evidence in the present caso lo show that an sccurato comparison and exsmination af the copy with the originul afiduvits, eic., In Now York bad ever heen made. Tho papers wero, therefure, not snfilcient to hold tho prisoner, \;mdnj Van llegine waked that Melntire bo dis- cbarged, Mr, lieed asked for more time to got properly certified copies, Judge Van Higgine read from somo authorities to shaw that tho Judge had no right to lold the prinoner longer. Mr. Recd withdrew hia application for time. The Judgo sald he would have allowed mors lime ¢ it had been asked, but as the anplieation had been withdrawn hoe had no alternative but to uls- charge the prisoner, “Iliin was 0ad news to Mclntire, but his hapol- TeRs Wi thort daration, for Deputy-Marshal Stillwell, who had been 8 gufet listener to the bro- ceedingy, pped up and immediately arrested him under the National Banking luws under a charge of cmbezzling the funds of u National llank, Tiero was no belp for it, and Aclutire went off with the Marshal to inteeviiw Commlsioner Hoyne. It wua Lhen Tall's turn to be astonished. 1lawas making his way auielly out of the conrt wlhen Constable lest tapped him on the shoulder and read the followlng State warrantito kim, charging bl with kiduapplng: State of I1linola, Covk Count: ‘he People of the Btata uf 1ituols to ait Bherl; roners, snd Cour stalies wiibin aald Biate. greeting: * Wirgheas, Complaint in writing, under osth, has entered before tiio undersigued, & Jiatica within sad for satd County, by 1lonry A. 18t Chatles A, Toll did, st Chicazo, (n 33id y nod htate ot 1ilinois, wilitully and withoul lawiul authiority furcibly and [stuant, fenry A. Mcintire. {e wiil, ‘wilh [ntent tu causa tha said e Inttre to b carried out of this State. Wa gorninaid you farihwith arest 1 ; briog b heforo —mo Chicago In sald eounty, of, In cass of Inabiiity 10 act. befurc'nny other Judgo ur the Peace of sald county, to snewer (o The thie Btata of INikols un e3ld clisrge, aod abi ther order as sy bs made concernl nd Tall Dot at yuur peril t nake due servica sud fetira here- of s tho law directs. Silven under ty kand andseal. at my office, fa south Chilcago, this 35th day of April, ‘147, J. CitamLxa Uaixss, 0. 3, This was unexpected. Toll callod Mr. Reeu to Lim, and, aftce a little consultation, in which Mr, Reed denounced thu arrest 1 outrave, the trio slarted off to Justice Halnea' oftice. Aftur walting un hour the Justice n\npured. Mr. Iteed stato the charge, satd Mr. Toll was ouly an agent of the Blato of Colorado, ani that it was an outrage o arrest him, aud uwked to have the case beard thea wud there, Mr. Uarker ubjecied, and, aflor some talk, the hearing was postyoned to this morning, bail Leing Bxed at $500, which Toll hawediately furuished, Mr. Reed going on bls bond. ‘The partics then adjourned o Commissioner Tloyne's ofiice, Lo sew how Mclutire would fare, At o'clock Mr. Boal, sn Asslstant District At- toruey, came in and stated ke had received a telo- frum from Colorado that & Devuty United btatea arshal was on b way here with a warrant for Mclutire's Iuenl1 angd asked that the examination Le contiuued antil thls sfternvon. This was agreed ta, but in the wmesntima Mclntire was required to give $10,000 bonds for his appearunce whea Veauted. At laat accounts he hxnnt been able to prucure it, and was in jall. - J. 11, HILDRETH, The Appcllate Court yestarday declded the case of Jamew KL, Hildreth, ex-Aldermsn, v, Alayor Heath and the Councll for 8 mandamus to compe] them 1o admit biu us metmber of the Clty Couucil, He clalwed fo be slected Aldermaa In April, Lut thu Councl) refuséd to allow him & causs ho was inellgible, haviug been previvualy convicted fn the Unlted Ststes Dlstrics Court of wislfesssuce In ofice. e was sentenced 1o pay s fine of $3,000 and coats, the sentence of imprison- ment betug susponded. The csse was beard ba- foro Judge Rogers.and the demurrer 1o the replica- tlon was sustained and petition dismlssed. Uildreth took an sppeal, and yesterday Judge Balley of tho Azpcliate Court rendered sn oplalon af- firming the declaion of the Court below, The Judge sald thoe walu questiun was whethes s mandamus would 0 compel the City Couacll to adwit Hildreth as a mewber. The law was well setilcd that whenever tho ach which the petition soughit o Iunx-rlomcd required the exerclss of discretion man us would Lot Le; and whero the law imposcd a duty luvob Ing discretion 1o the per- forwante a wmandaus would uot He. In general terms, the priuciple was that & wandawus would lie 1o compel the perlorwancs of dulice porely winisterial In thele nature, aud so clear aod ) cific that uo slement vf yerfuimance, but that, easarily calling for the discretion vn the politic st whose hands uch fure (ng him. Al discretion was left la thele tu all scta or dutles nec- cIci udgwent aud ©f the olficer ur y shelr perfornsnce was THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY. APRIL 27, 1878—TWELVE PAGER. reqnired, mandamua wonld not lle. In the present inatance the Council had power to Fl-l on and determine the election and qualifica- lun of its members, Involving the exercise of Judement and discretton, and which was quasi-jn- dicial In ita natare. 1lad they refuscd to act they might perhaps have been compelled by mandamus to grntem] and determine the election and quajif- cation of & member, but tha result they might reach wonld not be determined by a praceeding by mandamns, Any other tole wonld take from them the dincretion aitogether, and make their duties purely ministerial, Nor wonld anv_ different rale apply after they hed exercised thelr diecretionary power snd reached 8 conclnston, Such conclnsion mient be erroneons, but that liability to error was incident to the exercirs of & discreiion. A writ of man- damus could no moro be employed to correct an error atter it had been committed than to prevent the commission of an error by directing la advance what decirion shonld be made. The Judye thought that a person to be Ineligible mnst have committed an offense under the Stato 1aws, and that the pardon of Illidrath in the prus- ent case remeved his disabllity, but the declalon of those polnts being within the dlscretion of the Conncil, and they having decided the other way, ho conld not review the decislon. ‘The discretion of the Conncll, though not snflicient to oust courts of all émlwdleunn, could not be reviewed by a proceeding by mandamus. The jndgmontof the Court below was therefore afirmed. BANKRUPTCY MATTERS. The mews of the paesage of the repealof the Bankrupt law naturally had the cffect of sending & Iatgo number into the bankrupt conrt, to take ad- vantage of the Inw before the repeal took effect. The firat was Alols B, Nenberg, of Chicago, Pre- ferred debts, $70; sccared, $1,200; unsecared, $11,700.23, Ausscts, 85,000 of worthless open acconnte, JamenColeman, Eizin, Kane County, shows ne- cured debta $000, uneecnired about $10,300; assets, Ianas, $3,600; Incambered for $1,000; and a 8500 interest in the 8. 3% of Lota 4 ana 5, Block 5, In 8. N. Dexter's Additlon to Elgin, Stephen K. Fowler, of Ilyde Park, owoes $215 secared and about $2,400 unsccured, bealdes bille dleconnted, $5,000. David Myers shown $204 of secared and 88,600 unsecored debts. The only asscta are 81,000 in land, Richard Hanuey, of the firm of Hanney & Co..of Peorls, filed a petition to have his firm adjudicated bankrapt, The firm debts are $5,098.82, and the assets abont $14,500 In open accounts. Hanney owes $10,000, snd has no sssets. A role was {saued on Hughes, the otlier member of the firm, to show cause why the irm should not bs declared bankrupt. + Charles A. Whitney has secnrod dobts, £2,000, unsecurced, $0,625. and bills diecounted, $1,750. ‘fea ansets are bills and notes, $387.50, open acconnts, $100, and 825,000 of worthless etock in the American Manulacturing Company and the Chlcago Wronght Nall Company, Sherbanrng, 8 lawyer of thie city, owes . and haa to A H, Hitchcock and Harrison O. Walker, In'thelr petitian, state that their socured debis arc $42. 875, and the unsecured about $12,- 800, beeides 84,5650 doo on disconnted or accom« modstion paper. The assets aro bifls ana notes, 1,260. 52, Hitchcock owen $3,000 and Walker 5, 00 hesides $8,200 on discounted paper, and neither has any assots, Robert E. McKay, contractor and builder, owes 0,200 recured and $7,201 unsecored, ane haa nothing with which to pay them. Phillp Kochler, Chicago, shows 85,4562, bat can show only nominal asscts Fredorick I'. Knowles, Chicago, makes the fol. lowing showing: Seccured debts, .40; unno- cured, $0,820.50. Asseta: Jand, $100; $184; open accounts, $115. Hamuel J. Walker, the well-known real estato denler, waa obliged to snccumb, and flled his voluntary petition yesterday. 1118 preferred debta are $370,150, all due for taxes; the securcd are 21, 006,23, and the unaccared 81,203, 480.%0. al50 biils dlscounted, 860,000, which aro secured by lands valued at $030,000, 0 osecta are A Iarge nmount of Iauds valued at §2,500,000, in- cumbered for a large amount, and covered with the lona of judgments; also horse and hfllfy $160, and ofice furniture, $100: also unlignidated claims, 31,758,000, of which $850,000 is due from J. E. Youne, $400,000 from J. A. Ellls, $130,000 from the Clicago, Danvitle & Vincennes ltaltrond Cnmmu{. $87.000 from J. D. Klnney, Clacin- nati, and 200,000 from Robert Waller. Hlenry . Walker aleo filed a voluntary petition, but In the prear of. busincss and confnsfon it was mizlald in ‘hu Clork's ofice, and the particalars will be given to-marrow. Belden K. Calver, a promineat member of the Board of ’l‘rnde‘ was olso In the list, filsaecared debts are $43,250, snd the ansccured $120, 300, Tho asseta aro: Iand, §300, an far ne the valao ts known: billn and notes, $12,000; clalms, $3,3003 anda Cortiteato of meinbersblp 'In tho Board of ‘tade. Dougian 8, Taylor, a well-known real estate dealer, aleo went into bankruptcy. The socured dobts are £226,201,00, and the unsecurcd $33.- #00.56, beides $11,400 due on sccomumodalion nlfi!r. There aro no asecte, Izhtecn more potitions were also filed, bat they cama so late that they could_not b docketed, and the reporters ditl not got access to them. They will be given to-morrow, The adjournied composition meeting In the caso of Fred Otto |s sat for 10 o'clock this morn{ng, . Dotes, NEW BUTILS. 4 USITED STATES COURTS, Busan -Hlamilton filed a biil yesterday aminat Willlam White & Co. to rostrain them from in- fringing a patent for an improvement in saw-mills, granted Dee, 8. 1865, to Paimer Uamilton. Loulss Cook filed & bill azalnst Charles Proch- sting to foreciose & mortgage for $1,000 on the E. $of theE. % of Lut0in L, L Lurton's Snbdi- vislon of the N. fractional 35 of the E. %,of the N. W. 1§ of Sec. 1, I8, 1 nll’{l\:{! I‘glm“ began a auit for 81,000 againet Jool . Wicker. Fila P, True ot al., for the of Lathrop Per- kins, sned tho Mutual lienefit Lifa-Insurance Com- pany for 88, 000, M. W. Jackson, Recelvor of tha Third National ll}l began a enlt to recover 815,000 of Ira 00! SUI'RHIOR COURT IN DRIE?, ‘The Winthrop Hematite Company began a_snit for 31.600({0![!"1‘ auainet M, D, Ogden, C. D, Rhuodes, and D, C, § lldle{. W, 5. lleyburn, K. A. \V, flunter, and B, P, oulton sucd J, N, Catler and Obadlah Iluso for W. G, Witherell brought sult for $2,000 against F., Dupont Hansen. T, M., Lawleraited J, L. lobert ¥. Bower bej dl(r‘unge- ;flllnll John 1L 1 Schareman for 81,000, it in debs for 83,000 T, nlhony commence: action against Willlam Garner o recover $5, 000, C. . Thompeon and . A. Paltzer sued W. J, Onahan snd J. B, Donlin for $1,400. CIRCUIT COURT, Henry A. McIntiro commanced & sult in treapans sgalnat Charles A, Toll, claiming $10,000 dam- ¥. Bpolford began a sult for §2,000 against oratio G, Bpoltorge ™ » *uté for $2,000 againe Jullus Rosenthal Lackoy fled a bil) Adolph, Nch ':dl Ivasc Lockey, and Fanny galnet Pauling, Theodore 7 finthard o) 'aylor's Bubdlvision of th the Canal Trustees' 8i Jease T.'Green flled & bill yesterday againat his copartoer, Kl B. Weston, to wind up the co. partnershlp herloforo existing between them in the livery stable business at Nos, 004 acd 006 West Madison atreet. MISCELLANEOUS, DIVOICES. Frank llammond vesterday filed a bil} complain. fsg that his wife, Rilza Forbes, descrted hini in October, 18674, on which account bo wants a divorcyy 17RMs. dThl Appellato Court will not be In sesslon to- ay. Judges Gary, Dooth, McAlllster, and Parwell wlil hear motions to-day; Judge Jameson has s set Chancery case; Judge Rogers will b bmlited cases, and Judge Wiiliams ganerat busine ‘The Appeliate Court yesterdsy decided the fol. lowing casca: No. 5, Oarland va, Peeney, reversed and remauded; No. 18, illidreit va, Hentty afe frmed; No. 28, Pedss va. Catlin, reversed aud re. wanded; No, 41, Sieln va, Mendal), reversed and remanded; No, 33, Raco va. Hully revorsed sud remanded. In the mornlm‘ tue Couri was encaged in hearivg an srgument in the caso of Miller va, The Board of Education, {nvelviog the 7ight of the Board to lease school lands, CHIMINAL COURT. John Powers and James Iardy were found gullly of an sassult with fnlent 1o commit rob- cry, and were given Ave years cach iu the Peul. tentlary. Joun Hysn, who wa: detected some tima ago In takiog fies loto the Jall, changed his plea from not vullty to gulity, and was soutenced 10 six 1onths {u the Houss of Correction. Hobert Sherman pleaded guilty to the larceny of 3 laumll] of book: Villiam Stevons, burglaty, and way remanded. Col. Henuvssoy und Luclue Baroard were tried for the lsrceny of & barrel of whisky, sud the Juv{\ul out, Thomas O'Brien was on tris] for barglary. TUR CALL MONDAY, Juox BLopuxTT—Ueural bublaess, Tug A | Uszing st 3%, 80d goas 1 YRELLATE COURT—Lul a3 faf a2 pousiule.” No37, Mlller va Boardof Educailon,on JUDOE Oaky. 134, 137 139, 14 s 144 t0 151, snd Nu case on trl 4 ¢, excopt Tu. 84, of, ‘and s, No. 63. Goldbers va. Lako Shore d Mich- Ixia Bouthera Kalirosd Com - So el e’ ”J‘glé:l“{ll:lfllt% 36, 38, 6l t0 o4, lucluslve. No Jeour Booru~Nocall. Le will hear the demurror 1o the cass of The People ve. Harper.: JULGE MCALLINTEX—133 to 175, Inclusive, except 4, 137, 135, 140, 143, 144, 147, 143, 134, 100, 161, 10, . No€ase oa irial; Junug Facwail—General bustness. JUpus WilLiaus—Ucocral bustoess ) JUDGKENTS. i UrEzior CoraT—Coxyeariuxa—Fraok Junker et al. o ienry Bt bad i Bondars SIS Jenos Gawr=Hoary A Sulth val Ano L. aad Joha 1L Carpenter, §410.—fleary ieldel va. Lsasc Ruchls: Bauer; verdint, $710.73, 80d motlun for Dew trial.—A., Peterava ve. Epliralus Auderson aud Ulsriscks Anie on; verdict S1 —Jobn Willard va, Willlaw Bebaeger; —George C. Amith ot al. vo. E. E. £ Cimerir CorRT—Iunor loaxRa M. Relly va, Milton Jerome ‘and Willfam Swinhurni vordict, #2u0 ant mottan for new trinl. ~Ignatz Nael ve. Ceteriireen; ) rdice. $3 Tt &, 11, N. Rost and John an for new teial.~if, 1. nd.—J. R. Bprague vs, — THE PACIFIC RAILWAYS. To the Editor of The Tridune. Sevoral years ngo, econ after the completion of the Unfon I'acific allway and its connection with the Centrat Pacific toad, as & throngh lne from Omahs to San Francleco, 1 was one of the officers of the Unlon Paclfic nnder Col. C. G. Iammond, of your city, who was ItaGeneral Superintendent. 1 then had an opportanity to stndy the origin and development of the Pacific raflwaye, bath the Unlon and Central, while thie ariginal builders and man- agere, whom T knew personatly, were yet connect- ed with them, Doring the years which have passcd since that time I have hiad no connection with this or any other ralirond, cither aa an officer of a8 an owner of shares, and, while ventnring to say 8 few words In the present Pacifc-railway discussion, I eoenk os & disinterested party, From the first, my opinfon in regard to the tranucontinental railivay and its peculiar character and interests has under- gone no change. It wonld seem that, like the army or navy, it should be considered as virtaally and vitally natlonal, essentlal 10 our development, our safety, and our future prosperlty, and there- fore to be carefally fustered. We ara apt to forget the past. and the clrenmetances existing vrior to the opening of this great natlonal highway are especially lfable to alip from our mind. People generally constder only the present irealized cond tonof thinge. The facts aro there: A fow yea: ago, beyoud tho Misslssippl. settlements grew thinner cvery milo until the Mlssour] River was reached, and beyond this thero was a great blank, broken only by the Mormon occupancy and & few mining villages, untll the setilements on the Pacific coast were reached, 14181,014 miles from Omaha to €an Francisco, and only 1,150 from Omaha to Now York, and nearly two-thirds of the continent whas sparsely scttled and undeveloped, having con. nection with the national centres of government and trade only by ox-cart or pony-express! The tice that bound the East sud West together were 80 -slight. their fnterests wers so dl- vorse, anil thedistance between them was so great, that a Pac!fic Const lepublic was far more probuble than a Southern Confoderacy. Even after the failoro of the Hebelllon, this possibllity, but for the Pacific Hallway, could at auy time have devol- oped Into a fact: certalnly the (iovernment coald nat have averted auch An even: by ses, The great terrltorlal possesslons of the United States wost of tho Mirseouri River, conslsting of handreds of millions of acres, wero utterly worthe Icee to the Government. costing for miliiary pro- tectlon moro than tho income they produced. There wero gold and sllver lodes of untold value, theee were coal and fron deposits excecdingly rich, but they were mostly undevelopod by systomntic mining. The broad” arean of arable and pasture- 1anda stretching out towards the reiting sun were unaccupled save by wild beasts and wandering trites of natives, and wero whoily unproductive, ‘Tho problem of the development of this great interior empire depended solely npon ready teans. portation. To the Government this was a question of \imense pecuniary importance. The transpor- tation of supplies and matertal of war to the nu- merons fortan the Far Weot was accomplished atn coat of millions of dollars. It required a long tima, and was attended with 80 tnuch uncertainty that It was neccseary to keepa large mupply on nand at the varioas frontier poats.. The numerous cmvlllnn trains, made up of army wagons drawn y o2on and mules, wero puarded by atrong dee tachments of soldicrs, no that the avallable force for garrison dnty was largely reduced, or elss a correeponding increaso of the military force was requlred. It was fouul that the Government itsclf could well afford to buwild a military raliroad. It Tight then have all its soldiers in active service protecting the frontler Instead of guarding wagon traine, and 1% mizht tranaport both the ariny and ita supplica sl a ininimumn cost, and at s vastly in- creased rate of speed, thus making the army far more effective. All thers ond many more argumenta were used only a little wore than s decade ago to enlist pri- vate entorpriso and 1o obtain for it the ald of Gove croment patronage, in order to sccuro a national ‘highway across the continent. When once thin vast enterpriee was begun, every clitizen appreciated the neccssity of its vigoruun prosecation, Dustness fnteresis, uwakencd by ro- urning peace, dentanded Ite raphd constructlon, ‘fhe wonderfol development of trade aud mlnlns and agricalture alony the line of the proposed roa ond along tho coast was srousca into pew life by its rapla approach. ‘The Increasing demands of the Government for mwall and military servico crowded the conatruction trains on to tho aide. tracks, ‘The peat energlesof the uallon, under the full pressure of speculation and rapld develop. ment, could brook no delay in the completion of thls great national work, One of the chief wondern of the Pacific-rallway coustruction la that it was completed In sueh a shorl space of time. 1t1s Jusi that which leads so mlnylllnz in catimating the costof building a rallway throu an uninhablted countey, for from the Lase of Aup- plies, bath of matcrials and labor. Laborand every species of railway matorlal were Influsnced by War rices, I'ine awil cultunwood tics, which had to e replaced almost as soon as the rood was fin- lelied, cost three times the Prlcu of good hard. srood ties cast of Lo Mlssourl Hiver, Oniy a lav. ish exponditure of moncy aecnred the desirable and required wpeedy completion. The whole world stoud astunished at this the greatest achievement of huwman Induetry In this or any other oge. Two years afier the Unton and Central Pacific italiwaye melt at Promontory Polnt and spanncd the contl- ucnt 1 atood beslde tho preat Lesseps, the engincer of Lhe Sucz Canal, at lsmalia, on the banks of that wondcrful Nk betwscen the scas of tho Orlent and Occldent, 1 cuuld not forbear expressing to cpy my profound respect for the croator 10t | characlerized &n thu greatost eniincering achloyement tn the world, Ife acknowicdred the conpliment, but added, **You must escept the great Paclrie ftatlway of America," It ahould bo remembered that the Suex Canal was constructed under the patronage and by the wuusldics of soveral tovernnients, and has beon cver since an expensive hurden to all concerned. Internal improvementy, and eapecially military railways, nro constructed by Government aubsi- dies In Ruysla, Indla, and other countries of an ex. tent and characier corresponding to the territary spanned by the Faclic ruilways, as & militaty no- cenlty, Tlere In America it mora_cons with the spirit of oz Institutions to lea works to private eoterprise, cxpecting throuch it to wecure thelr construction with the re. sulting commercial and nationsl advantsges. Buch waa capecially tho case with the Pacifa raliways from (hnaha to Han Francisco, It was suppored that, If one line was constracted by the aid of Gorernment, the otner lateral lines would tent uch foilnw by private speculation as fasl ho of the cmmlr‘v raquired. 'Thla has proved Thousands of miles of rallway built in the estern States and Territories durlng the past ten years Liave been the natural sequence of the Paciic rallway enterprise, Milllons of acrea of land have been occupled by scitlers, thousands of ftous of mininz-machinery have en transported to fnterior points and put into * wucccssful operation, hundreds of villages und thriviug towns linve sprung up as the results uf the usuie cause. The Statq of No- branka ia, of Hacl, 3 magmBcent example of the development following In “the wake of the Pacific Rajlway. 1ta rich and productive soll, 'which had rolong Iain fallow, is now farmed by thousands of indepcndent landowners, [ta population nas doubled and quadrupled withiu a decade, and Is hikely to double again within the next twelve monthe, To be sare, tho rapid growth of this vig- arous yonng State depends in & grest meaturo upon e uative altractfons, rontalning, as It dovs, more acren of cholee farming laud than nny other Stale in the Untun, not excepting lllinois, 5tli}, Ne- braska would have remained unproductive and un. duveloped national wealth without our great Lrans- contineutal nighway, 1t cot influenco dsclearly scenin the surprising fact . while our sitate durlny & certain period of Ita carly and rapld aete tlement showed an Jocrease of 1, 162 per cent in ite population, Nebraska dariag 'the amc lenyth of time in hee nistory of settlement showed ®h increaso of 2, FCen) andncreade almost B pe donble thst of i) bur question woul tlera who have - at What solution to the la- there be to-day if all the set. v 0 Weat ™ within the Instduzen years, —sinco the Pacific Raitway Company broke gruand st umaha and Sacraniento, —were added to the surplus muscle in the older States? Nebrasks, Vyoming, Nevads, nud Califurula can absorb atil} otfier tueusands and millions, and give homes to sl who come. ‘Ihis{s the only solutiou of the labor question in America, Tho Paclic rallwaye are daily bearing erowided car-Juads of buman be- ings 1o Western homes, uuder Provideuce, are dulng what no other {nstrumentality could erfurs in this important celsla, To many thess Ficta are oid, and et 16 very Giany they are for: Old they may liaportant as otten facts, ur were never kuown, ¢, but they are jue when firet U duce the invests uationsl highw, Western Empire (o the Governmeut, and briuge wealth frown trane-Pucific purls acros our brusd laud, and distributes it to every past of the world, Toe writer was counlssioned in 1870 by the Union axd Central Paciic Ratlways to vicit Chine, Japan, aud Indis, n order to divert & portlon of the Urlental traiic across America by railway, and then procecdingto Europs to scek Lo turn & por- tion of the trade and travel from the led Sca roate to the American tranait llue, This douvle trade, both vastwacd and westward, s to-day vne of | priucipal sources of prudt Lo the Pacidc railways, bad without it their Jocal tratic could scarcely keep the cars in motlon, Thls same furelgn trafiic passce over all the railways converging at Umaba, 8nd 14 distributed over the country or trausported 1o Atlantic seaports fur transatlantic pointe. Thus the carnluzy of other sailways ar Increased, and the gencral natlunal wealth eohanced. This for- eixu tradu via thy Pucldc Kallway line i annuslly incressing, sud iu (hu near futore will be of rincely “valuo tho whole natton, A flew only of facts havo been bhastlly iven, lhuw‘ng the benelts derived by e hatlon Lot A8, & Goveruent and 3 people— from the construction of the yreat contiuental rail- way line, but suflicicnt Las been satd 10 show tbat 1ho vountry has realtzed a thousaud-fold proft un tle tovestiivnl of thy Goveruuieut sabaldy to the Pacifc Compinies, 1f ftbe true tbat the original builders of these great uational roads wade a liboral profit ha thelr conetruction, still it was uo more than they ought to bave reaifzed, conndenuyg the extrcme risk aa- sumed inthe opetativa, sod the hnmcoss benclls biods our gre: acernlng to the Government and rrnnle. ‘Tho hailders of the Unton nnd the Cuntral Pacific ail- ways were distinct In their corporations, but were men having very timilar characteristics. They combined ssgacity, courage, and daring enterprise to rach a degree that they wonld have been marked men inany crisia or inany cnnnlr{. A centary hence, when divested of all the common- lace circamatances of the time and crenta they figured. ruch men as Stan- Hontington, ~ and Cracker, the Ames brothers, Dillon, and thelr confreres will rtand out fn hittory among the greatest names of the great Republic, and thele grana achievements will recelve the credit they #o richly doacrve. while the pigmles in and ont of Congress who have ma- ligned them will be forgotten or remembered with execrationn. 18 shonld be remembered that the stocks and bondsof the Pacific rallways have. to a great ex- tent, thln];fll handa since tho roads were cone structed, Theyare now held hy Innocent prr- charers, both ‘in this conntry and tn Europe. Many have paid prices therefor which only falr earnings and reasonahls dividends can make ro- munerative investments, Fupposing the orlginat- ora of there rallways did becoma rich by bullaing them, is that any tehson why the Government should, at this late day, make reprisals upon the prescnt owners of these securitica? s it jnet or expedient for Cangrens o Ieglslato theaa roads Into bankruptcy, of 80 nearly fo that Innocent owners shall be mulcted of thelr legitimate income: Farthermore, shall the Giovernment, which has bad ite tax-yielding property ~ increascd by the construction of these ratlways to an amount many-fold all the sabaiily given, connive at the de- #truction of the enterprise which it fostered and enconraged? Shall it doso, when It 1a dependent on thero railwaya for the transportation of troops and monttions of war through our only hostile ter- rilory, where a military road Is a great military necessity, and Ia likely to be #o for years to come? ‘The extra cost for thia ssme military transporta- tlon, on the old style, by ox and ninle power, would annually exceed the Interest on_the Government subsidy, leaving out of the reckoning the J’fll‘ speed and facility acquired by the new mode of traneit. Isthe Uovernment to be benefited hy breaking down thia important Iine of cummunicn- tlon eo that 1t shall boreduced from & first-clors railway to one in the long lat of **Iieceivers roads''? 1as any Congressman estimated the dif- ference In the capacity of the two roads of such different styles in the case of a sudlden emergency arising from foreign complications, when it would be necersary to defend onr Pacific Coast and to move troops with raptdity? 1In our fature calcula- tiona a wise provision shanld be made for the pra- tection of such a length of coast on our weakest side. In Icani to the profit of operafing the two roads It roay be said that the **Central” has, by very carefnl manszgement, been brought to a rulnk oint; but all the earnings are Invested innew flm which penetrate the vast interior of the un. developed national domain, and open direct com- munication with the remote military poats of tha Uovernment, While Congress is urged to subsi. dize new compnnies for the ourpose of buildinga recond Jine through the Southern States and Ter» ritorics, the Central Pacific Cam{mny has proposed 1o perform this groat work at thelr own risk, theredby securing to the Government great military advantages without any expenditare. Untfl with- fnashort time tho Unlon Pacific has anly becn able to milhelnlereu on_ita bonan, Dividends on the stack Are of recent Jdate, hrongbt abonut by the consnminate management of Jay Uould, who, in this matter, cortainly desorves great eredit for his wonderful achleveincnt in a fieid whero auch a noted railway mamgor 8a Col, Thomana Scott sig- naliy fatled.” Thia road is now reacning out to- wards the Black ITills, and promises to bo of great service in h:lllullnll military mavements. The Indian nuestion {8 yet nnscttied, andina wvery unratisfactory condition. 1t is likely to give the Government much tronble In the future, n'the control of which speedy transportation will be nn cseentlal point, Theso facts, which are patent to all, shiow tho great importance of thu Pacific zallwayn tol the tavernment, and to the rapid and unimterrupted development of our immenss natlonal domain, They also eliow the care with which theso great nationsl enterprires should be fostered. If, how~ ever, there should prevall s communistic spirlt towards them, and if Congress should ylold to tho demogoguo, element In itaclf and in politica, and hostlle lecislation shoald en- suo, the resnite may bo casily predicted, The Pacific ronds will bo opernted unider {hera extra burdens of Congresslonni repnsales oxtra cconomy, cxtra wear of . machinery and tracks will bo n necessity; frequont accidents will follow, resnlting in A loss of valuable travel, which can ba retsinod only by offering perfect security, and which, on this line, is very protitable. Dolays of fresght in teanait will occur, causing all profit- able freights—enpecially thoso from forelim coun- tries~to be turned into other channcls, Loss of fncome on any road insures in time A **Kecelver. In this case the result cannot be otherwiso; and then the bondholders will bo the cventual ownurs of theline, the Government pccond martgage will bo forfeited, or, what 1s worse, the Goveriment will hecome tho parchaser by investing tn the roads twico as much as it now haain thein, and there- after theso noble Paclic roads, now so beneficont, willba & carsa to bolh Government and veople, and a political machlne, Al such pudlic property has, in our pAet histary, becna fruitful source of corruption, and in the end proved o loss, Probably, this would be no exception. Are the regulatly-recurring Congrenslonal at- tacks upon the Union and Central Pacific jrailways only plausiblo schemes for plundering them? tho'cry of corporations defrauding Uovernment raised merely to enrich a fow demagogues? Let the people “Inquire Into It. Buch bass mo- tives and baser attacks certalnly bring roproach upon the laryer and more honorable portlon of Congress. Sany worthy men in both houecs nro almost compellcd to vote for measures which do not recomniend themselves to thelr fud A ust becarao of the plausible forin in which such ills are put hefors the peanle, Is it not of vastiy greater lm‘rurunrc to the Amcrican ]lcnfi]n 10 be goaranteod the succesaful operation of tha Pacifle rallways as frst-class roads than that any short- #lghted policy of Government should destroy or oven urlp{wlelhlnmcu(ennn|evmnnl of our age and conntry in the hope of securing some tmagina- ry temporary advantage? ¥.C, r— THE OSHKOSH INSANE-ASYLUM. To the Editor of The Tridbune. Cuicaco, April 20,—An liem of telcgraphilc nows from Madleon, Wis., which appears fu your luane of this date, 1s 80 at varlanco with the sctunl facts In the case, snd refiects so unjustly on mysclf, by implication at least, you are reapectfully requested to allow me to say: The plans presonted by mo were ndopted by the Iintlding Commilealoners, as the Iaw requized, for the cntire Hoapital butldings, and spproved by the Governor. The Board of Bullding Comunissioners entered into a written contract with me to furnish all plany, drawings, and apecifcations for the complote work, and to superintend the construction of l‘uu safd Institution, Tho work waa commenced in 1470 under separato contracts for the florth win; ear butldings, and contral bullding, lncctnlverv all ot which was comploted under 1y supervision, and occupled In 1874, For want ot appropriations by the Leglaja- ture, work then suspended untll’'tha following spring, In 1874 the Legislaturo made an uppro- priatlon for completing the south wings. At a maeting of the now Hoard of Trustees to arrango for recommencing the work, tho slternstivo was vresented to me of giving up by old contract and making & new one, At reduced rate of compensa. tion, or cease to bo Superintendont, Tho latter was chosen, and the licard doclared my contract ended. Tne aeclston of the Bupreme Court has dectared tha valudity of my cantruct, and the lia- Ulllty of thoe State under it. 'I'ho verdict referrcd to by your correspondent ts for my pay under that coniract, Mespectfully, etc, 5, {' Buirman, o HACK-LICENSES. o the Editor of The Tridune.- Ciicaao, Aprli 25.—In your {asue of this morn- Ing there appears a loca) article rolative 1o the test caso in tne matter of hack-hcenses beforu Justice Foate. 1donot desire to occupy you ace, cxe cept on ono point, which is as follows: Your re- porter states that hackmen bave been In the babit of runoing twa ormore hacke on the same licenve, which would boafraud on the city revenue, | bappen 1o own seveu carriaccs, for which I hold six licensee, onc or two carrisges of the reven be- ing almost always in the shiop for repa ‘The resson why the name of tho proprietar 1« attached to the seat of tho carriage Ly scrows or natrap, ine stead af belng painicd onthe seat ftself, is that our vehlclen ore frequently used o for parties, excursions, and (aners! our customers do not ke Laving names placarded an tho carriages tnoy use. ‘The vamu principle ape lles ta the number” uved upun the lamps, wm:L. if indelible, would render the back llbjtcllnnlbhl 1o partie ho thiuk it best to make 1t Juok nearly 88 possible like a private conveyance, It spectially, WiLtian Bassgrr, ———— CLOSE ELECTIONS, To the Editor of The Tribune. Cuicao, Aoril 20. —~Your aliusion to the closely- contested cloctions In England and Californin re- calls the Qubernatorial contest between Everctt and Morton in Massachauctty in 1830, when the latter, altor bolug s defeated candidate for nine- was elected b poll of 120,000 voles. n, after being defested in successive clections by Davis, was agsl: ccesaful, thery being no choice by the people, the election going Lo the State Lege islature, when one vots in that body sgein decided hla election, i O.’GuzsxNLEAY, —————— TEMPERANCE. Bpeetal Correapondencs of The Tridune. Bau CrLaig, Wie., April 23. —A successtul tem- Derance-work has been carried o hiere for the last foar nigbts, by Mre. J, Ellen Foster, of Cliuton, la. Music-Hall, u‘uhla of seating 1,000 perso kn‘A beeu packed to Ita ulmust capacily each e . ———— WERE IT NOT FOR NIGHT, Were It nos for Nataro's night, Not a star would mortaly see ! And our Heavenly Father's might Froven by yon worlds of light, Would lamensely bidden he, Wesa it not for Nature's night. ‘Weta it not for Sorrow's night, Uaman virtue wuuld uot shine For the darkpess brings to light Qualitles 8o purs and bright “Tliat like yonder stars they shing All through Sosrow’s dreaded night, Bioux' Uuusaxsn. il many of | of which look well. ARMERS’ PROSPECT A Comprehensive Statement of Agricultural Affairs in Kansas. Largely-Incrensed Acreage, Flne Growth, and Bright An= ticipations. The Financial and Agricultural Out- look in Various States of the Northwest. KANBAS CROI'S, I'RUSPRCTS. Sptetat Correspondence of The Tridune, Leaveswontit, Kan,, Aoril 25.—Tha follow- ing information respecting the crop prospects of Kansas is tho fullest and most complete yet published, and relfable. I am (ndebted to Ed- win Green, agent for the Mercantile Agency of R, 4. Dun & Co.’s Leavenworth branch, who has obtained the Intelligenco here given direct from correspondents on the ground, This re- port will b found of great Interest to all class- es. About forty countics are ropresented, and cqually definite and reliable reports from tho balance of the Btate witl soon be forwarded: BROWN COUNTY. Acreage planted 16 per cent more than last & Teading cereals, winter wheat, apring Wheat, vals, barley, and corn. Whent never jooked bettor, Little too carly toevort on other grain, but the prospects aro ilatlering for good crops. Hog croj sbout the same last year; about 5 per cent die from discase, No discase 1n_cattle, May, 1877, had 24, ame date, 17,832 eattle, About 1,000 emigrants havo ectiled In this county last n year and to present date. Frospecta for fruif crop are excellent ~Peached and apples promise an abundant crop, Stock has come through the win- ter In fino conditlon. Farmers are cheerful and hopeful, Low prices of hogs and cattle aro the only depressing Influences. ~ No mineral prodanets, Have about olghity schools Inthe county. Ralsed last yenr $28, 200,75 for achool purposcs, WoODRON COUNTY, Acreage planted at leant 23 per cent mors than 1nst year. Leading cercals, wheat, corn, and oats. Prospects for whent maunificent. Oats good, Too early to report on corn. No insects and no damage, Somo Joss amongst hogs by chalera last year. About 250 immigrants settled last year and to present date (n ihis county, Never was thero better prospects for a pood frait erop. Farmers aro cy. | the prospect pleasce, and 1 m isvile.” Biinerals: Have some e conl; enough for home use, Neosho Falls hos a graded schaol, J. J, McBride, Princls nl; has no In{)erlnt In Kansas. ~ Normal Eehuol running this summer with good attend- snce. ' THENSON COUNTT, Acreago Jalnnud 25 per cent more than last year, leadinz cereals, wheat, barley, oats and o Crups of all kinds looking remarkably weil. No insect pests, Hogs and cattlo Jargely in'oxcess of 1ast year. Conslderablo smmigration {ntothis county.’ I'rmit looks finc, and a large |i’lt!lll antici- nted, Farmors are in good apirits and confident, No minerals to speak of. llave excellent school facilities, BNITIICOUNTY, Acreage planted 100 per cent more. than Inat year. Leading cereals, corn, wheat, and oats, all No insoct peats of any kind. 1ave 10,000 hogs and good sheep in tho county. Increasc oyer last year, 60 per cent. No loss by discase, lmmlfinllon pouring into the county continually, —shout 3,600 up to date, Farmors cheerfal and ha No minerals developed. Good scnool factlitica, RUTLER COUNTT. Acreago planted 756 per cont more than Jast year, Leading cercals oro wheat, corn, rye, oats, etc. Tlig prospect for grain of all kinds was neyer as fatterinz ae ot present, capecially wheat. There sre at loast 60,000 ucren in thia county. No In- sects in this lm‘_a]ltt. Hogs are more nunierous and generally distributed than heretofore. Thero aro about 20,000 hogs, 15,000 cattle, and 4,500 shoep now In thia county. No disease of sny kind among stock. Jumligrants are met. ting In the coanty; "P to Iato ‘The prospect sbout 2,000 thls year, for fruita of all kinda s :encnl}y oxcollent, and we will havo considersbla fruit for shipment, No minerals developed. The peoplo are all {n good lrllllnnnd claim_the coming crops will relieve them of all embarrassmonts. lava over 100 school bulldings and ecmploy about 140 teachers, JOHNSON COUNTT, Acrenze nlanted 10 to 15 per cont moro than last ear. Leading cercala are corn, oats, flax, etc. rospects were never 10 good befors at this scasan, ‘There la n large lucreass in acreage of whent. No Insects of any kind. Hogs and cattle are doing finely: cannot estimate numbers, 1invo had about 1,600 emlurants $o settlo in the county this year., ‘Tho prospects for fruit of all kinds 1s vory fiatter- 1nr. and thie neople nre happy and prosperous. No minerals yot developed. Thore are H1 school dis- tricta, 03 achool-houscs valned at $83, 000; nam- ber of nchool children, 6,231; number carolled, 4,012 number of mate teschers, 621; number of female teachers, 705 number over 16 years of ago who neither rend nor write, 100, CHAUTAUQUE COUNTY, Acreage doublo that of last year, Lending co- reals are wheat and corn, Profpocts of an excel- lent ctop never looked wo flattering as at prosent, No fneccts, pests, nor injuries by the eloments as yet. 'The hog and cattle croo greatly oxceodn that Of laat year, with no losnes to speak of. Quite & number of immigrants have located In this county the last year. ‘The frult crop Is unprecedented, and the people generally are contented and habpy, WILSON COUNTY, Acteage pinnted 75 par cent mora than last year, Lenading ccreals are corn, wheat, rye, d onta, Wheat, rye, and oats look fino. Carn Just plant- ing. No insects of any kind, How crop b per cent above that of last year. Cattle largely on the increuso, and no lors by disease. Povulation by Immigration Increased abont 15 per cent dnring the 1“" Peach and grape crop lovk promising, Apples not yet prodiced to nny great extent. Fanners feel quite cheerfal and hopoful, and thiugs generally aro promising, ave coal In pay- Ing quantities, and somo tead, Good schiool facil itica: have clgbty-threo wchool-houses 1n the conne ty, and good and eniclent teachers tn charge, GEW IR COUNTY, Acreagn planted, ono-fourth mare than Jast year, Loadini cereals arn wheat, oate, and corn, some bariey and rye. Tho prospects of growing crops very fine, and & large yicld s anticipated. No inwéets, Havo great many cattle aud few shioap in this district, Catlie do not suiler from'disease, and numbers are m;lndl: Incrossing, Immigrants are coming In by the hundreds dally, —a wonderful lumigration to this conuty. Frait-crop fs good; mostly peaches; some apples and cherries. Farms ora yenerally jubllant over the fins prospccts, an: expect woun 10 be delivercd from present embar- rassmuents, Many have thelr farma morlxn‘(ed. No minerals doveloped, yet it (a sald conl has been discovered, 1lave good wchools, ‘Thero are fow districts that do not have a school six months evury ycar, CLAY COUNTY, Acreage 30 per cont more than last year. Lead- Ing cereais, wheat, corn, rye, Larley, and oats, Wlieat 1n looking splendid, and wo predict an abundant yield, Ce s now being planted, and 1s gencralfy & sure crop. No tnsects, fiave 10,000 hoys, 16,000 cattle, and 2,000 sheep. The ostie mata given s in duc bounus. No loss by diserso since Jannary, IH7H, with a natural increaso, About 1,000 cmizrants setiled in this district year and Lo present date, Fruit of sll kinds 1n a flourishing coudition and looks well. Btock In goud coudition, and_farmers genorally a month to #lx weeks abead of work at this of year, Everything looks lovely, aud the *‘agricoftural Roosu occuples sn elevated position.” Mineral Il»mducu, #ypsum, fre-clay, aud cosl. Nelther ave been worked, ~School facilltice ret-classs goud school-hor d plenty of thein scatterc Judiclously all over Clay County, Clay Centre biss & yraded school and four Instructors, BUURHON COUNTY, Acreage, ana-half over that of last yoar, Leading cercals are wheat, corn, oats, rye. and barley. cls never better thon n:flpulem. Nu tnacet Number of sheop, 4,500; increase {n one about 3,400, Caltle, Hogs, 14,000; fucrease, - Inunigration, some 1, b dme, Al crops are and the prospocts were never as vood armers are cheerful and happy, Cuasl and worked extenalvely., ¥ louks fine, and a large cro is looked for, Have chvol facilltiess bave elghty-elght achooj« in the county. RICK COUNTY, Acresge, 15 per cent mure than last year, Lesd- ing cervale, “wheat, uarier. o gruins look fine and fourlshiug. No Insect Wwill be a large hog snd_cattle crup lhll{ ar t Iitle loaw by discasc, Huvo biad o large Tinmlgrs- tion during” tho last year: estimatad at 5,000 ‘zult all killed by frost in the latter patt of March, ‘Thezo 1n bot littla complaint, and fariner ally sty cheerful and’confdent. No minerals to speak of. Have good public schools, and plenty ot tuem, CHABE COUNTT, Aculxn more than jast year. hldlumum 18 corn and wheat, Crope look fine, and the pros- ruunmneuuunllaul-n:- yield. No insects. 1ogs and caltla about the vame as last yenr. 0 suue immigration, Frait crop jo splendid con- dltion, auda lar, flcla oxpected. Farmers are cuerally in good apirita, and feel confidont and No mineral provucts. ilave ina school and our toachgrs ate second to none o that of last year, year and Gu to tho present t flourishing o4 yow, {n sbundance 25 ° TENO COUNTY, Acresge 25 per cent more ihan last year. Lead- ing cereals, wheat, com. and oal 'toapects are very bg. No losect pests. lIncrease 1o #tock about 80 per cent. Twai, on last year was very large; from 2,000 to 3,000. - Fruit 18 i fioe conditivn.’ Btock looks well. aad fermers gen- erslly aro chieerful snd Bappy. No mierals, Tiave 8u4 ‘achoots, And they ats well attondod. KoWARDa LOUNTT, Acroago 300 per cent more 1han Iast year. Lead- Ing cercale afa wheat, barley, vata, corn, sud mllicl. Wheat Jouks cxcolléot, and Brounaes aa abuudant yicld. No ‘inesct vests. Caltle ¢rop a0 aa lasl yoar. Iamigration 1,500 1a. 1o Jeus yoar. Nominorale, - Faruers ars jubllsnt. Have 001 achoola aid scliool-bouses. ' LYON COUNTY. Acreage one-third Over that of Tast year. Lead- Jog ceceals are wheat, corn, oate, sod Fye. All genine took well. and the ontlook i promising. No insects. Fraitcrap In very nromising. No mine orala yet developed, Stats Normnl £choal eated here, nnd tvo have fine public Achuls cational facilities unsurpassed In the State. DARTON COUNTY, L m;‘dhux Acreage one-half more than last yoar, cereals wra whoat, oats, harley, and rye pects wero never better than ot present. fect pests, ilave 10,000 hugs, 1,700 cattlo; {ncrease at least one-fourth, Farmor are condls dont and cheerful. Ifave gooil schools all ovee tho county, and sixty-fonr school districts, RALINE COUNTY. About 20,000 more acres pianted thia year than lastyear. Leading cercals, wheat, corn, vats, and Crops all look splendid, ~ No {ncctn of any I1ava n Iargs Immigration ponring fn cone tinually, Fruit looks ‘mmlvhm and alarge crop i8 predicted: Btock Is_in pacd condilion, and farmers are cheerful. No minerals. Have good -#chool facilities and plenty of achool-houses all over the counly, BLK COUNTY. Acreage planted 20 per cont mora than last year, Leading cereala aro wheat, corn, oata, cte, Emlys k finel! d farmers aro pangair.e and cheerful, Iogs and cattls about tho same ns fihur have Increased 30 por cent. gration into the coon 5 m—lnu o min. s good school faclliities in all parts of of Iast year, Iiaye some Imm! looke fine, and afnli erop Is anticlgated, orals. the count WASHINGTON COUNTY, Acroage planted 10 per cent more than last year, Leading cereals are wheat. corn, rye, and darley, All grains look well, and the prospects for Iargo crops are very Mattering. No insect posts, Hows and cattle asme a8 Iat year, Sowe immieration} and farmers sro cheorful and confident, _ llave coal in paying quantitids, and scveral mines are belng worked anccessfuliy. Have plenty of gond schoot- houses and good echovls in nearly all of the 105 districts in the connty, ATCHIAON COUNTT. Acreage planted 50 per cont more than Tast year, Lending ceronla, wheat, corn, oats, ete. Giraing oli look eplendid. No Insect pests, Frait_crop in zood condition and promistug largely, Farinors genernlly bopeful and fn good spirits, DICKINSON COUNTY, Acreage planted 30 per cent more than last year, Leading cereals, wheat and corn, Crops of all kindn ncver looked s0 good nant present, No in- #ccl pestr, Hog and eattle crop donblo that of tast mmigration Jast Bfnr. 2,600 to 13,0003 enr, 2000 to 2,600. Fruit prospects aro yery flattering. Fnrmers aro Jubllant and 1n the beat of splrits, No winerals doveloped s yet, 1lave numerous good schools all over the county, well conducted and In a flourishing conditlon. ELLIS COUNTY. Acreago planted 40 per cent more than last year, Leading cereals are wheat, corn, oats, and barley, Prospecta (urnuoml crops wero never better. I{D insect po a and cattle in point of numbers abont the same as last year. Immigration nbont 10,000 during the year,” Fruit crop ls, promiuing. Btuck in goud condltion, and farmers gencrally hopefal and cheerful. Have good schools aud welt managed. TILET COUNTY. Acreago planted one-third mote than last year, Leading cereals, wheat, corn, ryo and oats.” All rain luoka woll and a laro 'crop predicted. No innects. Hog and cattle crop donble that of last year, and'no loss by dincacc, ilad some immigra. ilon during Inat year, perhaps 600, Fruit crop n excellent condition, and farmers gencrally aro cheerful and hopetnl, No mincral products to apcak of. Have exceliont schoo) facilitles through- out the county. FRANKLIN COUNTY. Acresge planted 16 per cont inoro than last yoar, Leading cercals, corn, wheat, and oats. Splendid rospects for all gralna. No fuzect pest.” About , 000 fmmigranta have acitied hore during the last year. Fruit crop in excellent condition,and farm- ora are jubilant, ~ Coal in endlees quantities. liave 3xclill‘;utcummnnunwh. whith ara well con- ucted. LEAVENWORTI! COUNTY. Acreage planted one-ffth more than last year, Lending coreals, wheat, rye, oats and corn, No in- sects of any kind, Hogand cattlo crop nhout as last year, "Fruit looks sine, and. In fact. all crops do. Farmers fecl cnnndn:li aund do not complaln. Nominorals yet doveloped. Have good publis achools, which are well conducted. JACKBON COUNTT, Acreage planted 30 per cont more than last yoar, Leading cereale, wheat, com, rye, and: oats,” All grains ate in n fonrlshing condltion and promise to yleld alarge crop, No lusccts, llog nnd cattle trop is & considerable increase ovor that of luat year. - Ilave coneulernblo immigration Into the county. Frult looke fine. and_farmers aro in tho beat of splrits and hopeful. No minorals devel- oped, ave good schools, which are ably con. ducted, CHAWFORD COUNTT, Acreage planted 20 per cent moro than lasi Leading cereals, wheat, corn, ts, lavks very fine ond promising. No Jnecc! and cattle, o larzo increnso over last ye: had a large immiration fnlu tho county, and stil} they como in numbers unprecedented. Frult all In fine condition, and farmera in good spirita and cheerful. Havo good echools, well managed. Mineral prodacts peincipally eoal in Inexhaustible quantities. car. % DAYIS COUNTT, Acreago planted 15 per cent more than fast year, ading cercals, wheat and corn; prospect good. a Ineccts, Hovand cattle crop about the same ua last year, Frult crop promiacs well, mera sll feel chearful and hap- Dy. ?o «?“Mr: ¢ speak of, dllmivnllhor;nuhlya- organized school system, and plenty o n:fi:ou. ably mnuuz{d. * ioaty 90 « LA LETTE COUNTT. Acreage planted about same n 1ot year. Lead- ing cureals, wheat and corn. Irospccts oxcellent for oll kinds of grain. No insects. llogs and cattle donblo that of last year; no loss by dlaeare, Fruit of all kinds looks s{»l-ndm. and Iarmors are confident of an abundant harvest. Coal in abund- mnce. Ifave good schools, whichare well attended, Thoro {s somo immigration Into thia scction of the conntry, ANDERAON COUNTT, Acreage planted one-tenth more than st vear. Leading cereals, wheat, corn, and oats. Prospocts excellont. No infects. Hoyg and cattle crop has increased onc-tenth: no losa by disease. rhvu somo immiyration this yoar,—up to date about 600, Fruit in excellont condition and farmers checefal. No minerals excopt coal yet undeveloped. Havo oo ducted, and well attended, LINN COUNTY, planted samo as lnst year, Leading co- Wheat looks splen- P nd other grainu look well, No | Tuvo 50, 000 hoge, 1 ttlo, 10,000 county; Increasc over jast year, constdorablo Immigration, ” perhaps 1,000 durlng the year. Frut Is in aplendid condition, aod farm« craara happy. No mineral productions, Ilave wood achoole, well managed, and in & prosperaus condition, which Is as actiools, well con- IEWELL COUNTY, Acreago planted 10 por cent more than Jast year, Leading ceteals are corn, wheat, r{o. oats, - and bal u{. Prospects nover bettur. All coreals un- lly forward, and the season favorable, No damayo from Inaccts, H$uflored somo from hoge cholota last year, but at present are in good con- dition and vn the Increase. Mora cattle fed in this cotinty last winter than ever befoic, Some 500 immigrants have scttled hero tho last year. Pros- pocta for o llnia {rult crop are excellent. Farmers aro busy and all encouraged, Iave plenty of min- erals, yet undovoloped. - Haveabout 110 arganized achool'dlatricts in the county; schools are taught in most of them, IEPPERSON COUNTY, Acrcage samo as last ycar. Leading cereals wheat, corn, oatw, ets, Cropa all In inc condition, sad promise’ botter than over before, No euts. tlog crop ouzth more; no loss by dlsoase, tion, and farmors gencrally choerful and con ed, " No minerala dovalopud yet. Hi well-conducted echools, WAUBANSRE COUNTY. Acrosze planted 10 per cent more than last year, Leadl te‘rnul'?l\'hcll. ryv, and corn, Whi tor than resent. No lnsects, 1iavo 3,000 hoge, 13,700 eattls, and 3,000 sheep. Increase of caitle, B per centi of shuop, 40 per 1l kinde' of fruil, Coal, sait, eic,. ot, Have good echools, which Farmers are 1n good spirits, MIAMT COUNTY. Acreage abont same as Jast year, Leading cero- als, carnand wheat, Crop prospects were ncver botter. No insects, lluz and_caitls crop about the sumo as last year, with no loss from dlscase, o immigration; caunot eatimate tho num- ber. minerals developed to spenk of, liave goud schools, and plenty of theui, Farmers do l‘:gz :;:l:xlwlnn, but sppear to be in good splrits and peful, £LOUD COUNTY, Acroaga planted 10 per cont moro than fast yesr, Leadlug cereals, wheat, rye, and corn. Crops in good condltlon and promise fine. No (nsect pests of any kind llug and cattle cropabout 10 per cont fn excess of Iast year, lave some lmmigra- tion Into thecounty. "No mineral products, Frult fine and ‘pmm Inf, snd fsrmers cheerful aud bavpy, Ilave cxceollent school facilities; schools well inanaged and largely attended, THE GENERAL OUTLOOK, A OBNRHAL IMPROVEMENT REPONTED, Tho followlug brict statements from ths farmers themsclves throughout the States in the Northwest, furnished in responss to n- quirics scut out by Tum Tuisuxs Burcau of Agriculture, will ba read with fntere: MISSOURI. Davinss.—Tho general outlook has very much fmproved in the past two months, Farmcere have more coutidence In our floances since the passage of ‘the Bilver bill. Monay Is circulsting more freely. . Osags.—Agricultural outlook good. Finan- cial better. ** 8iiver bill dooe it Br. FRANCOIs.—Finaucial outlook much bet- ter than last spring. KANSAS. u{(lamo.—'l'hc outlook s dedtyaly encour- ug. Fuangrin,—Our outlook, both fnsucial and agrlculiural, greatly fmproved. Monuts,—Tho gencral business outlook somo- what bettcr than Jast year, Lixx.—Qur faruners aro better off Anancially than last seasou, aud are all lu good spirits. Osaus.—All our prospects aro wuch better than iu the spriug ol 1877, Pratr.—Ovr ugricultural and finsncial pros- pectas greatly improved. Bautox.—Our prospects more encouraging thau urer, both {o sgriculturc sad Houne LAnETTE.—Tho prospects tor the lnrmmT“ better than fast epring, ELk.~The pmn'y:vclu er better. lug up. BALINE.—Our spriniz. debts to pay. WYANDOTTR.—Prospect for sgriculturs and Xe na; than lnst year, agricultarall Fiusncially things nee’r‘n {uw l::“l':;fi;f ~ prospects hetter thy With money moro ’plcl\rt] n.nrtll 5::: ta for the ensning yea, nclally arg fap beteer Cnase.~The general feeltng, hoth financly and ngricultural, 18 much better son, 4 WitsoN,—Our farmers sre prosperous, ctal outlook good. gratlon heavy, yoar ago. Cuznorre,.—Our outlook s 100 per better than last Crops good and i, b Reiy.—The general outlook better than last geq. he thanly cent year, both In on agricultaray and financial puint of view, PuitLira.—The outlook Is good. eclls for twice the price of clght Vacant Government land golm; fast, P are feeling confldent of goo Real ¢ mnnllln!n'-;“ tlmes, ople BELAWICK.—The peneral outlook for 1873 i much better than thet of NEDRA 1877, SKA, NesanA.—Outlook 500 per cent better thag this time 1877, We have FURNAS,—The general outlook, daylight. both ageiey)y. ural and financial, {s much better than o the shriug of 1877, ADAss,—Tha outlook, hoth financlal, is very encoursging, agricultural apy HantAN.—Come on! Verylargs immigration, Larger than for several years, We have plent of guod land yet subjeét” to homestead and ore eniptlon in tlic Republica) n Valley. 'ToR.—Theagricultural and financial Outloox for Nebraska wuch brizhter than A year agg, Immigration Jargely in excess of lnst year, —Both agrle far better than prospect aitural and” floap last spring. ueai Meirick.—Qur people are happy and hopefy, and proud of thelr Nebraska hoimnes, splendiil. Fariners are u Outly p with thelr work, ok JoitnsoN.—Farmers encouraged, nnd every. thine looks lovely. PrATTE.~The whole tutlook may be more favorablo than for years past. be sald 1o WArNE~The prospects” for agriculty, greatly in advance of last spring ugnd ""mm.fi; correspondingly bright, Ing into our Btate lively, Immigration {s noy . and from the Olllrl‘:fu'k now it would ecem that there was nover such s thing as a grasshopper, CLAY—Tho outlook for bualncss of al} kindy better than In 1877, fall Nebraska will be botl Dawsox,.—The finaucla I crops yeld well nexy h rich and happy. 1 and nzrluul‘z)lr:hl oute look is far in advancs of the spring of 1877, 10WA, KErokuKk.—The agricultural outlook 50 per cent better than it was last year, clally, it {s looking a good deal s fully Fi botier. e Stoux,—All slens indieate a very prosperouy year. General outlook, financlal, 1s excellent. Paoz.—Evervtbing 1s outlook far ahead of 1 Loth agricultural any full of promise. The it JAsrEi.—The times, although hard, enco aeing, with the uceptfim of low prices for polyxkr: Tho general outlook better than lnst ear, Exyerr.—The ontlook in comparison to 1577 is as nothing to tho prospect of an abunaant harvest. CGrasshoppers last year made it Jook eloomy. Carnout,—Immigration to this portion of Iowa (8. W.) has doubled, and all our prospects are much brighter than last year, Cr.anTox.—The outlook a good deal better than last year at this date. Crawronp.—Times beticr than a year ago, HamiroNn.—Genera) agricultural ‘and finag. cial outlook brighter than last year. MAnsjiarL.—The prospects are that times ars going to be better. MAiaska.—Tho outlook The flnancial better than' the spring of MircnaLL.—~Our financ! {mproved in comparison with tho spring of 1877 for this Improvement wo largo wheat crop and tho Ac.—Agricuttural and agriculturally fs 1al candition {s great) are fodebted to our forclgn demand for ft. Ainanctal outlookmore encouraging than this time last year. Cray,—Our prospocts are very good, both as regards crops and the fin ancial outlook, MuscATINE.~The general outlook for agri- culture {s much botter than last ycar, and foan. clally the same. Prysouti.—Thero nover was a better pros pect for this Weatern ceuntry than now, JrrrensoN.—Wo consider tho outlook of m;iig#zm 50 per cent hetter than at thls time Arpraxoose.—Crop proapects all bright, and wo are hopeful that we bave touched bottom financially. Crayron.—The outlook greatly. improved overy way. DEetAwAnR.—Farmers moro hopeful than last spring. CHICKASAW,~Our than in the apring of MINNES NosnLrs.~The onttook !xn lmuch brighter than las! ul, year ago. Ureat deal of raflroa Ricr.—Tho outlook is l’;mpecu moro flsttering 0TA, for the coming season t year. Al feel hope- Inod being sold. much better thaaa CorroNwoon,—Tho outlook, both szricule tural and tlzanclal, {s much better than it wasa year ago. A Lz Burun.~Wao consid better than for o long wo aro not getting ottr wheat-crop. largo crops, for wo get as cr the ontlook much time, 8t wo think what we ought for We arahiot in favor of very much for snall crops in the aggregato as we do for a largo ooe, for we hiave moro to handle for nothing. We are hopeful and courageous, Kanpryonn—~Thae outlook every way botter than last year, Spring wi moro hopeful prospects {c WaBASHA.—'ruspects heat opened Lero with OF crops. for farmersjand busl- ness men was nover 8o good la this vicolty as it I to-day. Rock.~—There are better prospcets for largo crops, and both agricultu: look splondid. rul aud tinanclal out- bTRVENA,—The agricultural and financlalont. Took vastly better as comnparcd with the spring of 1877, WISCONRIN. 8AUR.—The agrlcultural and financial outlook improving. Money ht‘:clflk very hard for 10 per cent. Bome heing loaned at 8 per cent. TRock.—The general oul tlook 8 encouraging. Agricultural pruspects are imuroving, aud con- idGnco th the Gacial world Jooks, betier 13 , last year, Brackiawg,—Farmors (cel 100 por cent bet- terthan lnst year. They think that ‘hant pan” {s at Jast reached, and now any chauge wust bo for the better, WasriNaTON.—~The fa aro very prosperous and In very good rmers of this county reume stances. 'Thero 1a uo such thing with them bard times. Busiuoes {are eviving, INDIANA, Moraax.—Trade and busincss reviviog. | ¥ ILLINOIS, CuspERLAND.—Agricultural outlook 75 Financial as better thay ln 1877, et s last year. Whcra there is anything for salo thero ls money to purchas Gy Uxion.~Financlal outlook improving. . ErriNonad,—The agricuitural aud financial, as compared with tho s better, pring of 1577, 18 muchi FuLTON,—Thoe gencral outlook ls much better than ond ear ago. l‘lx-.z-yAurluulwnl prospects good. Fiuan: clal better than in 1877, CLINTON. — Agricultural prospecta better. Tight times for money, but wo fecl that caster times are near by, BrruaNsoN.—Agricultural cncouragivg. Fl: nauclal the ro Enwaups,—T better than last spring. weneral and finauclal outlock Avaus,—Farmers jubliant over the fing pros 'pei:’ u‘s)r good crops of all kinds. L) 17T — “The outlouk for both agricultursl and flnancial matters are better than in 1&:77.J Durace.—The general outlook wo cuusider much bet er, Fouton.—A much better feellug generally among farmers in reg crop this scason, feeling amouy bustncss o fucrcased actl eredit, A more ard to prospects fur s steady and finocr on, Notfeeablo lu tue vity iu trade and lcse dolug on Haxcock.—The general outlook brightcf than for srveral yzars. Inoquols.— e outlook, aud tinancial, befog much both agriculturs! morc promising thad m\‘\gK"un.—Tha general outlook is enosuraging: ‘Tho farmers sro ot work as they worked hefore. bhafo uever JRrrEH3ON.—Business Is looking up and prot- }um, 77, Lun.—The prospects of times ls eucouragiog. Macouriy.—Tho financial and agricultural, eneral outlook, better thad good crops and better botb arl- s flugncial, far_better (han at tb iy 877, wnd, 16" o leglalation was nor dried_up, resumption would Fesutng or Tesu would bucome resumptivu. Whichi! ‘OuLz.—The outlook is cheeriog snd fosnchal prospocts better. l‘uuszllil—‘l'ha l“lilfl\t“uhd outlook is §oods [t same s last spring. m:vfi:‘."m—nn utiook. i petter fu{'!!:h‘ crops and wore moucy than for scyeral year NICHIGAN. & KatimMazoo.—The geversl outlook 18 cmely cucourazing. Yetely Special l)llg EALANAZOO, Mic this county never of the year thau they d rained for over a week, b damage to the crops. Al same way be said. “Audrlhm.m#l:: crops {8 o Api — jooked better at this scason o at present. it1L3d it hot'so 83 10 do i 1L over the Btate ¥