Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, October 21, 1877, Page 9

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE SUNDAY OCTOBER 21, 1877—SIXTEEN PAGES 9 RELIGIOUS. Prof. Tyndall's Recent Ad- dress on the Human + Soul. How Vital Energy Acts—Is the Will Power a Free One ?-—— " The Fear of Hell, The Belief in Heaven Derived from the Instinctive Nobility of Man. Universalist General Convention This Week at Dr. Ry- der’s Church. General Notes---Pious Perver- sions==-Personals==-Ser- vices To-Day. . TOE IIUMAN SOUL. 4 RECENT ADDRESS BY PROF. TYNDALL. Au aldress was delivered by Prof. Tyndall on Jopday evenmg, Oct. 1. st Birmingham, En- lund, 33 President of the Midlund Iustitute. We take from the London Times of Oct. 2 the conduding and more important oortion of it. fter a recapitulation of the scientific principles poverning the correlation of forces, Prof. Tyu- gal) weut on a5 follows: The quickness of thousht has passed into a by, and the motiun that, any measarable (Japsed between the infliction of a wound the teeling of the injury would have been ted as preposterous thirty years azo. Nerv- , notwitbstanding the results of Hater. were thought to be transmitted, if not taucously, at all events with the rapids trivity. Hence. when Helmbolz, in med, a5 the result of experiment, LervoLs tra n to be 3 com very few believed cxperimicuts may now be made i the lecture- Toom. Sound in air moves at the rate of 1,100 sound 1n water moves at the rate o400 1 ccond: light in_cther moves at e rate of 1RLOW mile: nd, and eleetricity n free wires moves probably at the same rate. Bt the nerves transmit their messares at the rate ol ouly a seroud. a progress which in these quick times might well be re- parded a5 intolerably slow. Your townsman, Nir, Gore, hias produved by clectrulysis a kind of smoux which exhibits “an action stnkingly ous 10 1kat of nervous® propagation. A Tt this antimony is in such a molecular con- dition 1bal wien you ecratch or heat one end of the rod, the disturbance propaates it- gelf befure your eves to the other end, tie ouward march of the disturbauce Leing avuoanced Ly the development of heat sud fumes alone the line -of propagation. Iu the molecules of the nerves are crthrown; and if Mr. Gore could means of winding up his ex- s the nutritive blood winds the comparison would be The subject mav be summed up, as Teymond has summed it up, by refl- case of a whale struck by a har- pooninthetail. If the auimal were seventy jevi loug, a° sccoud would elapse before the could reach the bruis. But i atter its arrival has to aself and throw the brain into ccular condition necessary 1o con- Then, sud not till then, the com- todefend ititseltisshot through otur nerves. Auotiier second must elapse er reactics the tail, so that more than 1wo scconds transpire between the inflie- the wourd and the muscular response bart wounded. The iuterval required e L [ cousciousness would prob- or even by a riffle bullet. an arrange itself, it may, ¢ destroyed, and in such ease we onclude that death is painless. The therefore, b ey alar power by an infinitesimal * prim- inz" of the museles by the nerves. We all Juow the etfect, produced on 4 Nervous organi- Ly a elight sound which causes affright. Au 2erial wave, the enerey of whicth would not Teach @ minute fraction of that necessary to the thousandth of a graic throush the thousandth of an inch, can throw the whole buman frame into a powerful mechanical spesm, followed by viclent respiration and pal- pitation. A XERCANTILE ILLUSTRATION. ve, of course, may be appealed to-as the ear. Of this the Jamented Lanze toe followine vivid illustration: A mer- diant sits complacently in his easy~chair. not % King, sleeping, newspaper or the digestion of food oceupies the portion of his personality. A servant ith ‘a telegram_bearing the . Jonas & Co. mes_to barness the Upstarts the me: makes a dozen paces through nds to the counting-house, di chant wide awuk the roum, de tates jetters and forwards dispawches. He Jamps into Lis earrfage, the horses suort, and thewrdriver is immediately at the bank, on the and among his comwmercial friends. Tore an hour has elapsed he is aain at home, ¢ he throws himself once more into his 2 air with a deep-drawn sigh. “ Thank Gud 1 am protected auainst the worst, aud now for furtber retiection ™ Tais complex mass of ction. cwotional, intellestual, and mechauical, i3 evoked LY the impact upon the retina of the iufuitesitud waves of light coming from a few fixfl marks on a bit of paper. We have, as ange says, in terror, hope, scusation, caleula- tion, nossible rule and victory compressed into a Tomen! used the merchant to spring out of his c} ¢ The contraction of his mus- des. What wade his muscles coutract! An impulse e the nerves which lifted the proper latch, and lberated the muscular power. Whenee shis impulse! From the centre of the cstem. But how did it vriginate the critical question. The aim and effort of science is to expluiu the uuknown interms of the kuown. Explauation there- fore, is condrtioned by knowledge. WIHAT MAKES AN ENGINE GO? You have vrobably heard tbe stors of the German peasant who, i early radway days, *as tagen to see the performance of a Jocomo- tive. He had never Kuown carriagzes to be woved except by ammal power. Every cxpla- Bation vutside of this conbceytion lay beyond Lis exyerience, and could not be invoked. Af- terdung reflection, therelore, and seeing no nossible escape froia the conclusion, he exclaim- ed coutidently to his companion, * Es mussen duth pterde” darin sein'—*There must be horses iuside.” - Amusing as this locomotive Weury may scem, it Ulustrates a deep-lying erence to our present question, oeed o press opon e such these: Your motor nerves = tubes, through which sent from the man to OUF ECDSOr _DErves aTe ¥ comluits throusi the whispers ©f ihe world arc sent back totheman. But Jon bave not told us where is the man. Who Lrwiat is it that sends and receives those mes- sazes through the buaily orgamsm? Donot the Thenomena poiut Lo the existence of a self u the self. whicl auts through the body as tWivigh a skillfully constructed instrument? 0u pictare the muscleg as hearkening to the cummands sent through the motor nerves, and Tuu piture the scusor berves as the vehicles of Itcoming intellivence; are you not bound to upplement this mechanist by the assumption of au cutity which uses it? In other words, are You not foreed by your own expositivn into the Lepotliesis of a free human soul! That yiothesis is offered as an explanation or sim- Dillicat.on of a serics of phenomenamore or less Obscure. But adequate retlection shows that, instead of iutroducing light into our mings, # increases our darknmess. You do pot this case explain the unkunown i termg of the known, which, as Stated ubove, is the method of science, but you Xplain tie unknown 1n terms of the more un- kuown. The warrant of science extends only to th ment that the terror, hope, sensation, and caleulation of Lange's merchaut are physic- al phenomens produced by, or associated with, the molecular motions sct up by the waves of lichit in a previously prepared brain. But the Ltific viey is not without its own aittical- ties. We here tind ourselves face 1o face with a protlem which is_the themeat the present mo- ment of profound and subtle controversy. What is the casnal connection. auy, between the objective. and subjective—between molecular motions and ssates of consciousness¢ My au- wer 15, 1 know not, uor have I as yet met. an: budy who knows. 1t isno explanation to say hat the objective and subjective efccts are two sides of on and the same phenomenon. Why 2] sbould the phenomenon hate two sides? This :j;;]"‘:y‘:!l}’“c;o{e of the difliculty. There are 1 olecular motious c - hivit this one-sidedness. FHERAULY domek e > CAN WATER TIIN L Does water think or feel when it rons into Tost-ferns upon a window-pane? If not. why s}xquld the molecular motion of the brain be Yoked to Lhls mysterious companion—conscions- ness? We can preseut to our minds a coherent picture of the physical processes—the stirring of the brain, the thrilling of the uerves, the dis- clmgmg of the muscles, and all the subsequent mechanical motions of the organism, But we can present no picture of the” process whereby. consciousness ewnerges, either as & necessary link or as an accigental by-product of this erics of actions. Yetit certainly dovs emerge—molecu- Tar motion pruduces consciousuess. The reverse process of the production of motion by con- sciousuess is equally unpresentable to the mind, ‘We are bere, in fact, upon the boundary line of our intellectusl powers, where the ordinary canous of science fail to extricate us frowm our dificulties. If we are true to these canons we must deny to subjective phenomena all influ- ence on physical provesse The latter must be regarded as complete in themselves. Physic- al science offers no _Justitication for the otion that molecules can be moved by states of con- gciousness; and it furnishes justas little counte~ nance to the conclusion that states of conseious- pess can be geverated by molecular motion. Frankly stated, we bave here to deal with facts almost as diflicult to be seized mentally as the idea of 1 soul. And if you are content fo make your “ soui " a poctic rendering ot & phenome- non whick refuses the yoke of ordinary mecs ical laws, I, for_one, would not object to this exercise of ideality.” Amid,all our speculative uncertainty there is one pradtical voint as clear as the day,—pawely, that the brightuess and the usefuluess of lfe, as well as its darkuess and disaster, depend o a great extent upou our own use or abuse of this wiraculous organ, We now stand face 10 face with the tinal problem. 1t is hi; Are the bram and the moral and _intel- lectual provesses known to be associated with e brau—aud, as far as our_experience goes, iudissolubly associated—subject 1o the laws which we find paramount in physical naturef TUE FREELOM OF THE WILL. Ts the will of wnan, i other words, free, or are it and nature equaily *bound fast in fate'™ From this latter couclusion, after he had estab- lished it 1o the entire satislaction of his uuder- standing, the great Germau thinker Fichte re- coiled. You will find the record of this strua- 2le hetween head and heart in his book, entitled *Die Bestimmuug des Menschen — The Vo- cation of Man.” Fichte was determined at all lazards to maiutain his freedow, but the price he paid for it indicates the diliculty of the tas To escape from the iron nevessity secu every where reignmng in physical nature, he turned defiantly round upon natureand law, and atiirin- ed both of them to be the products of s own mind. He was not going 1o be the slve of a thing which be hud hitselt created. Thee is 8 gouod acal to bie said in favor of this view, but 16w of us probably would be able 1o bring wto play the solvent transcendertahsm whereby Fichte melted his chains. Why do some of us rerard this notion of mecessity with terror, while others do not fear statall? Hasnot Carlyle somewiere said that a beiief in desting the bias of all carvest minds! “It is not nature.” says Fichte, *1tis frecdom itself by which the greatest and most ternbie disorders incidert to our ruce are produced. Man 15 the cruclest enemy to man.”’ But the question uf moral respunsibility here emeryes, and it 15 the possible loosening of this responsibility that wo many of us dread. _The notion of necessity cer- tainly failed ro frighten Bishop Butler. He thought it untrue, but he did not fear its practi- cal cousequences. Heshowed, on the contrary, in the ** Analozy,” that as far as human couduct is concerved, the two theories of frec will and pecessity coine to the same in the end. What is meant by free will? Does it imply the power of producing events without antecedents—of start- ing, as it were, apow a creative tour of occur- renees, without any impu. from within or from without! Let us consider the puint. If tuere is absolutely or relatively 1o reason why atree should fall, it will not fall; and if there be absolutely ar relatively no reason wiry a man should act, be will not act. Itis true that the united voice of this assembly couid not persuade we that I have not, 1t this moment. the power to lift my arm if I wished to do so. Within this range the couscious frecdom of my will cnnot be questioned. But what about the angin of the “‘wish ™! Arc we, or are we not, complete masters of the circumstances which create our wishes, motives, and tendencies to action? Adequate retlection will, I think, prove that we are not. What. for example, have | to Go with the generation and development of that which some will vousider my total being, aud others a most potent factor ol my total being— the living, speaking organism whicn now ad- dresses you! As stated at the beginning of this discourse, my physical and intellectual te: were woven for me, not by me. Proc i the conduct or regulation ot which I bhad no share have made me whit I am. Here, surel; if anywhere, we are as clay iu the bunds of the poter. THE WINITE PAPER THEORY. It fs the ercatest of delusious o suppose that we come into this world as sheets of white pa- per, on which the age cun write anything it hikes, making us good or bad, noble or mean, a5 the aze pleas The age can etunt, promote, or pervert pre-cxistent capacities, but it cannot create tuemn. The worthy Robert Owen, who saw in external circumstances the great mold- ers of human chargeter. was obliged to supple- meut hisdoctrine by makiug the man himself oue of the circumstans 1tisas fatalas it is cow- ardly to bliuk facts because they arc not to _our taste. How many disorders, ghostly and bod- ily, are transmitted to us by inheritance? In our courts of law, whenever it. is a question whether ime has been committed under the influence of insanity, the best guidance the Judge and jury can have is derived from tbe parcatal ante- cedents of the accused. If among these insamty be exhibited in any marked degree, the pre- sumption in the prisoner's favor is epormously enhanced, because the experience of life has tauent both Judge and jury that wsanity is fre- quently transmitted from parent to child. SHOULD CRIMINALS BE DROWNED? 1 met, soie years ago, in_ 4 railway carriage, the Governor of one of our largest prisons. fe +ras evidently an observant and reflective maun, poseessed of wide expericnce gathered in vari- ous parts of the world, and a thorough student of the duties of his vocation. He told me that the prisoners in his charge might be divided into three distinct class The first class coun- sted of persons who ought never to have heen in prison. External accident, and vot internal taint, bad brought them within the grasp of the law, and what had happened to them might happen to mast of us. They were essentially men of sound moral stamiua, though wearing the prison garb, Then came the lurgest clas formed of individuals posscssing 1o strong bias, moral or immoral, plastic to the touch of circumstances which wouid mold them into either good or evil members of society. Thirdly came a class—happily bt a large one—whom no kindness could conciliate and no _disciplineg tame. They were sent into this world labeled “meorrigible.” wickedness being stamped, us it were, upon their organizations.” It wasan un- pleasaut truth, but asa truth it ought to be faced. For such eriminalsthe prison over which he ruied was certaiuly not the proper place. If contined at all, their prison should beon a aesert. ieland, where the Ceadly contagion_of their example could not taint the moral i ut the sca itself he was disposed to reg cheap aud appropriate substitute for the island. It seemed to him evident that the State would benefit if prisoners of the drst class were hiber- ated, prisoners of the second class cducated, and prisoners of the third class put compendiously under water. FREE WILL AND PUNISIMENT. 1tisnot. however. from the observation of individuals that - the argument against “free will,”" as_commouly understood.. derives its principal force. It is. as already hinted. indeti- mtely strengthened when extended to the race. Most of you have been forced to listen to the outeries and desuneiations wateh rung discord- ant through the land for some years after the ‘publication of Mr. Darwin's - Origin of Species. Well, the world—even the clerical world—bas for the most part sertled aown in the belief that Mr. Darwin’s book simply refects the truth of nature: that We who are now ** furemost in the files of time™ have come to the front throuzh almost endiess stages of promotion from lower to higher forms of life. 1f toapy oncof us were given the o of lookiug back tnrough 1he eons across wimek: life has crept toward its preseet outcome. his vision would ultimately reach a pomt whet tie prozenitors of thisas- senbly could not be called human. From that humble society, through the wieraction of its members and the storing up of their best quali- ties. a better one emerged; from this againa petter still, until at lenrth, by the integration of finitesimals through ares of amelioration, we came 1o be what we are to-day. We ot thi generation had Bo_conscious share fn the pro- duction of this grand and beneficent result. Any . 2nd every gencration which preceded us had justs little share. The favored orzanisms whose garnered excellence constitutcs our present store owed ther advantage, first, to what wein our ignorance are obliged to call U accidental vartuion,” and, secoudly, 10 Jaw of beredity in the passing of which our suffrazes were not colected. With character- Jstic felicity and vrecision Mr. Matthew Arnold 1ifts this question into the free air of poetrs, ‘but not out of the atmosphere of truth, when De ascribes the process of amelioration to **a power not ourselves which makes for righteous- Ress.” If, then, our organisms, with all their tendencics and capacities, arc given to us without omr being copsulted, and if, while capable of acting Within cerizin limits fo sccordamce with our wishes, we are not muasters of the circumstances in which motives and wishes orizinate; if, finally, our motives and wishes determine our actions, in what sense can these actions be said to be the result of free will* Here agaln we are con- fronted with the question of moral respousi- *bility, whicb itis desirable to meet in its rudest form'and in the most uncompromising way. *“If," savs tha robber, the ravisher, or the mur~ derer, *I act because I must act, what right have You to hold me responsible for my deeds?” The reply is, “The right of society fo protect itself against aggressive and injurious forces, ‘whether they be bond or free, forces of Nature or forces of man.”” ¢ Then,” retorts the crim- inal, “you punish me for what T cannot hielp. ““Granted,” says society, “but had you known that the treadmill or the gallows was certainly in store for you, you might have ‘helped.’® Let us reason the matter fully and frankly out. We cotertain no malice or hatred against Yyou, but simply, with a view to our Bafety and puritication, we are determined that you aud such as you shall mot cnjoy liberty of evil action in our midst. ~ You, who have behaved as 3 wild beast, we claim the right to cage or kil as we should a wild beast. The public safety is a matter of more import- ance than the verv limited chance of your moral renovation, while the knowledge thal you have been banged by the neck may furnish to others about to do as you have done the precise motive which will bold them back. If your act be such as to invoke & minor penalty, then not only others, but yourself, may profit by the punisti- ment which we wflict. On the homely principle that A burut child dreads the fire,” it will make you tink twice before venturing ona repetition of your erime. Observe, finally, the counsistency ol our conduct. You offend, because you cannot help offending, to the public detri- ment. We pumsh, because we cannot help pun- isling, for tue punlic good. Practically, then, as Bishop Butler predicted, we act as the world acted when it supposed the evil deedsof its criminals to be the products of free will. NATURE ENCOURAGES RIGUT DOING. “ What." | have heard it argued, *“1s the use of p ng about duty if man’s predetermin- e position in the moral world renders lua inca- pable of profiting by advicet” Who knows that he is incapable? The preacher’s last word enters as a factor into the man’s conduct; and it may be a most important factor, unlocking moral encrgies which might otherwise remain imprisoned and unused. If the preacher feel that words of enlightenment, courage, und ad- wouition enter into the list of forces empl by Nature for man's amelioration. siuce she itt- ed mau with speecl, he will sufler uo paralvsis to full upon bis tongue. Dung the fig-tree Louefully. and not until its barrenness bas been demonstrated beyond » doubt let the scutence go forth, **Cut it down; why cambereth it the ground?” I remember when a voutb, in the Town of Halifax, some thirly-two vears ago, atlending a lecture given by a young mun to a small but sclect audi- ence. The aspect. of the lecturer was caruest and practical. and his voice soon riveted attention. e spoke of duty, detining il asa debt owed, and there wus a kindli iggor in words which must have stremrthened the sense of duty in the minds of those who heard hin. No speculations regarding the freedom of the will could alter the fact that the words of that young man did me good. ~Iiis naume was George Dawson. He also spoke, if you will al- low me to ullude to it, of a socfal subject much diseussed a1 the time—the Chartist subject of *‘leveling.” Suppose, he said, two wen to be equal at night, und that one rises at b, while the vther sleeps till ) the next morning, what Decowes of your leveling! Aud in so speaking Le made himself the mouthpicce of Nature, whick, as we have secn, secures advance, not by the reduction of all to a common level, but by Lhc eocouragement and conversation of whut is cst. TAE FEAR OF HELL 1t may be urzed that, in dealinz as above with my hypothetical crimfval, I am assuming a £tate of things brought about by tne influence ol religions which jnclude the domas of the- ology and the belief in free will—astate,namely, in which a moral majority coutrol and keep in awe an immoral minority. The heart of man is deeeitful _above all things, and desperately Withdraw, then, our theolowical sanc- tions, including the belief in free will.and the condition of the race will be typified by the sumples of individual wickedness which have been adduced. We shall all, that is, become robbers, and ravishers, and murderers. From much thut has been written of late, it would scem that this astounding inference finds house room in many minds. Possibly, tie people who hoid such views might be uble toillustrate them by individual fnstauces. The fear of hell's a hanyman's woip To keep the wreten in order. Remove the fear, and the wretch following his uatural instinct inay become disorderly; but I reluse to aceept bim s 3 sample of humawm ¢ Let us cat und drink, for to-morrow we die, is by no means the ethical conscquenve of free thought. To many of you the name of Geors Jacob Holyouke is doubtless familiar, and you are probably aware that at uo man in England has the term Atheist been more frequently pelted. There are, morcover, really few who fiave more cowmpletely liberated themselvesfrom theological notions. ATAEISTIC MORALITY. Among working-clags politicians Mr. Hol yoake is a leader. Does he exbort his followers 1o teat and drink, for to-morrow we di¢f” Not so. In the August number of the X/.Xi Century you will tind these words from his pe; “The gospel of dirt is bad euough, but the Zospel of mere material comfort is much worse.™ He contemptuously calls the Comtist chawbion- shipof the workingman * the championship of the trencher.” Hewould place *the leanest liberty which brought with it the dignity and power of self-help ™ ngher than *any prospect of a full late without Such is tLe doctrine taught ¥ this * Atheistic? leader; and no Chris 1 apprehend, need be asbamed of it. Not the way assumed by our dogwatic teachers ha the morality of human nature been propped up. The power which has motded us thus far Las worked with step stools uoou a very rigid stufl. What_it has done cantot be so readily undope: and’it bas cndowed uswith moral constitutions which take pleasure in the noble, the beautiful, and the true. just as surely as it has cndowed us with sentient organistos wh finds aloes bitter and sugar sweet. That power did not work with delusions, wor will 1t stay its hand when such are removed. Facts rather than dozmas have been its ministers,—huneer and thirst, heatand cold, pleasure and pain, sywpathy, shame, pride, love, hate, terror, awe, —such were the forces, the interaction, and ad- justment of which, during the fmmeasurable awres of bis development, wove the triplex web of man’s 013': cal, intellectual, and moral na- ture, and such are the forces that- will be effec- tual to the end. WHY MEN ASPIRE TO HEAVEN. Some may retort that, even on my own show- jugz, the power which makes for righteous- ness ™ has dealt in delusions: for it cannot be denied that the beiiefs of religion, including the dogmas of theology and the freedom of the will; have bad some effect in molding the moral world. Granted; but I do not think that this froes 1o the root of the matter. Are you quite Sure that those beliefs and_dogmas are primary and not derived—that theyare not the products, instead of being the creators, of man's moral nature! T thnk it is in one of the ** Latter-Day amphlets ' that Carlyle corrects a reasoner, who deduced the nobility of man trom a beliel in Heaven, by telling b that he puts the cart before the horse, the real truth being toat the belief in Ifeaven is derived from the nobility of man. The bird’s mstinct to weave its nest is referred to by Emerson as typical of the foree which built cathedrals, temples, and pyramids: Knowest thou what wove yon woodbird's nest Of Jesves and feathers from her bredst, Or how the fish outbuilt ite ehell, Pamting with morn each annual cell, Such snd =0 grew these hoiy piles Winle love znd terror lid the tiles; Earth vroudly wears the Parthenon As the best gem upon her zoue: d Morning opes with haste her lids gaze upon the Pyramds: O'er Engmand’e abbéys bend the sky Ason its friend witis kidred eve: For out of Thought's interior sphere These wonders rose Lo upper air, And Nature gladly gave them place, Adopted them unto ber race, And zranted them an eqaal date With Angles and with Arrazal. Surely many of the utterances which have heen aceepted as descriptions ought to be inter- preted s ImSpirations, or as having their roots in aspiration, instcad of objective kuowledge. A PALSE DREAM OF PEACE. Does the song oi the herald angels, “Glory to God in the hignest, and on earth peace, rood willtoward nen,” express the exaltation” and the yearning of a human soul, ordoes it describe an optical and acoustital fact—u visible by and an audible song¢ If the former. the exalta- tion and the yearning are man's maperishable possession—a ferment long coufined to individ- Tale, but which may by and by become the Jeaven of the race. If the latter, ‘then belief in the entire transaction {5 wrecked by non-tulfiil- ment. Look to the East at the present moment as a'comment on the promise of peace on earth and good will toward men. That promise isa dream dissolved by the experience of eighteen centuries. But though the mechanical theory of a vocal heavenly miltitude proves untenable, the immortal song and the feelings 1t expresses are &till ours, to be incorporated, let us hope, in purer and less shadowy forms in the poetry, philosophy, and practice of the future. WHAT TO HOPE FOL. Thus, following the lead of physical science, we are brought from the solution of continuity into the dpre.tenu.- of probiems which, as usually clssified, lie entirely outside the domain of physics. To these problems thougnrul and penetrative minds are mow ngplyiug those methods of research which in physical ecivnce Tas proved their trath by their fruns. Taocre is ou ail hands a growing repugnance to invoke the supernatural in accounting for the phenom- cna of bumau life, and the thoughtful minds Just referred to, finding 1o trace of evidence in Tuvor of any other origin, are driven to seck in ine interaction of social forces the genesis and development, of man’s moral mature. If they succeed in their scarch—and I think they are sure tosucceed—social duty would be raised 1o 4 hizher level of significance, and the deep- ening sense of sovial duty would, it is to be Loped, lessen, {f not obliterate, the strife and heartburnings which now besct and disguise our social life. Towards this great end it be- Tooves us oue and all to° work, and, devoutly wishing its consummatiov. I have the.honor, ladies and gentlemen, to bid you a {riendly fare- well. THE UNIVERSALISTS. GENERAL CONVENTION OF TIIE DENOMINATION. The General Convention of Universalists will be held in this city during the present week. The Convention is composed of delezates from the several State Conventions of the Union and from the Domiuion of Canada. It meets annually, but hus not held a session in this city for uearly twenty vears, The Couvention proper will commence its deliberations in St. Paul’s Universalist Church on Wednesday morn- ing, Oct. 24, at 10 o'clock, and continue its s¢s- sion probably for three days. Those baving charge of the meeting state that the prospect is a large attendance of both min- isters and lavmen. The Universalist Church now comprises 830 parishes and 706 mimisters., Its five collewes, two theological schools, and 7 academies, withl its church property, represent ment of sotne $12,000,000. irhth annual mecting of the Woman's Ceutenary Association will be hoiden in the vestry of St. Paul’s Universalist Church, Tues- ¥, Oct. 23, Members of {he Association, and women favorable to its work, are earncstly in- vited to endeavor to be present at that tme. The duy previous to the orgaulzation of the General Convention has been selected for the wmeeting, so that the amount of time requisite to attend promptiy to the dities then devolving upon oflicers amd members miay be sccured. Following is the order of lexercises: Monday, Oct. 22,9 Teunion of officers gud members of the Assovidtionat the parlors of Mrs. G. B. Marsh, Vice-President for Dlinvis and Corresponding Seerctary for the West, 906 Indiana avenue. Al are condially invited with- out further notice. Tuesday, 9 4. m. in the vestry of . m.. reports of oflic praise ‘and prayer meeting Pauls Church; 10 to 12 s, elections, and_gencral conterence on business; 2:30 p. m., addresses by officers and meml n topics counceted with the Association and woman’s work in_the Univel st Church. Exercises for the evening will be anuounced. CORRESPONDENCE, THE FIRST FREE-WILL BALTIST CHURCIL To the Editor of The Trivune. Cmicaco, Oct. 19.—At 8 meeting of the members of the above Society, held on Thurs- (ay evening last, it was sgreed that, in order to prevent any misapprehension iu the minds of the public consequent upou the sale of the building under & mortgage now occupicd by thew, a full statement of the causes leading to such sate should be made public. “The mortgage under which the building and lot was sold on Friday last was given some y awobya former Board of Trustees for a loan of $35,300, and the fuuds were used in buitding and furnishing the church, At the time the loan was made there was great activity in build- ing and improving the section of the city where the church now stands, being on the corner of Loomis and West Jackson streets, and it was then believed the choreh would soon be inthe centre of a large and populous district. In this hope, however, us subscquént cvents proved, they were mistaken. A very larse tract of de- sirable residenee property immediately west and south of this locality still remains vacant—the reason is probably Dest known to the owners tuereof,—andit soon became evident to the mem~ bers of the chureh and congregation thau the location of the church Wwas an error; and that a building in some more central and aceessidle lo- cality was in every way to be desired. Had it been’ otherwise, most assurediy the present building would loug since have become the property of the Society. . Arraigements have been in active progress for some time looking to a more'entratlocation for a church-building better suited to the necessi- ties of this rapidly-growing Society. Since the accession of the preseit pastor, the tev. N. F. Ravlin, its course has been upward and onward,—so greatly 50, that within the last twelvemonth its communicants have increased fuily one hundred-fold of its former member- sbip, while the worshiping congregation has more than doubled. Under these circumstances, the S did not feel it was doing justice to itself, or its vers able and zealous pastor, or to its congregation, to be pushed away 1mto a cor- ver outside of the more thickly settied and more convenicnt sectious of the West Side. The memvers of the church and congregation submitted w the undesirabie- ness of the location up to the pre: cause of their love and affection for their pas- tor, and their coustant desire to be instructed in the Gospel under his powerful and cffective preaching, and would submit to still greater in- conveniences for the same end, but, while this is their fecling, they are convinced that still greater good cau be done by placing themselves I a position where u prreater number can be reached and benefited by the teuchings that have been so comforting to them. This, und this only, is the reason (whatever may be said to the contrary) whiclt bas induced the Free-Will Bap- tist Cuurch of (] 70 to permit their present buildivg Lo be soidi under the mortage, The Society puints with heartfelt thanks to the Giver of all wrood for the wonderful increase of their numberé within the past year, certainly sceond to none, if not suverior to that of any church in the city, compared with the former inembership,—for the continuous preaching of the Word tiwice on every Sadbbath during the entire year, and to the devote staut, and large attendance to taree regular prayer-meetings_ench week, as well as during 4 daily protracted meeting tor more thav three months last winter. Never withiu the history of the Society has it been more prosperous than ut present, and never within its bistory have its wembers lad greater occasion to thank our Heavenly Father for his _wonderful mercies to them in building up His Zion in their midst. In a more centyil and 2 sible location, assisted by the carnest and zealous efforts of their pas- tor and the devoted workers already in the church, they confidently look forward in the near future, with God's help, to still greater Kuiccess in the coming winter in wiuning souls to Christ. For the present the services will be continued in the building now cceupied by them, on the corner of Loomis and West Jackson streets. ‘Chey do not intend to erect their new church building until they are enabled to do so without running in debt to the amount ofa 4]0]1:1:i % MR, TIERFORD'S WAT OF PAYING CHURGH-DEBTS. To the Editor of The Tridune. ©r1cAGo, Oct. 16.—Among the agencies to be employed in relieving the Third Unitarian Church of its financial embarmssments, the Rev. Mr. Herford (if correctly reported in - your Monday’s paper) cites faith, prayer, and cour- age. Being of the Unitarian bouselnld of faith, I had hoped that sentiments of this kind among our order were among the things of the past,— obsolete. Thev szvor too much of * Taberna- cle ™ ductrine. Potatoes are made to grow by puttiuy them into the sround, awd then, after, tilling. This plantivz and tillingis called work. This he only way potatoes ever were kuown to be produced, and by the same mtural process chiurch-debts are paid. Faith, prayer, and cour- age never yet crew apotato or paid a ehurch- debt, and it never will. Let us hope that among Unitarians, if not amoug other Christian scets, the use of senti mental gush or nousense of this character is near at an end. UNiTaniay. GENERAL NOTES. The Rev. Dr. E. P. Parker, of Hartford, is a pronounced heretic upon the merits of *Jose- phus.” 1o a recent paper in the Congregational- ist, he declares his wonder at the persistent and prodigious popularity of this **dreadfully unin- teresting Israclite,” and. coacludes” that the cheapness of the crimson and gilt editions of this author which abound in the market has much to do with his frequent sclection by well- intentloned persons seeking an appropriate gift for their pastor, or for the Sanday-school St- _perintendent. Prof. Martin W. Freeman writes from Mon- rovia, Liberia, that the members of the Protest- ant Episcopal Mission in that Republic * have Lelda convention, and oreanized a diocese as the nucleus of a Protestant Episcopal Church in Liberta.”” Bishop Crowther, of the Niger Dio- cese, will visit them in December to perform Episcopal services. 1t is their wish to * organ- ize and susiain & church which shall welcome, TOE REY. nay more, compel, i€ such a thing were possible, tuc attendance of tbe natives.” Efforts are maliing to rebuild their church, which was burned down in March, 1873 . 1t was announced by advertisement that St. Steplien’s L‘Erscopnl Church, situated on John- son, near West Taylor street, would be sold yesterday under a trust-deed owned by sn ¢s- tate in Rhode Island aud in charge of flenry T. Chase as Trustee; but before the hour set for the sale an injunction forbidding it was issued out of Judge Williams' Court, und the matter will come up for hcaring on the 5th day of No- vember. The case is quite a mixed one, grow- fug out of the fact that_St. Stephew's isan off- shoot-(originally a mission) of Grace Church, Add to this that one of the Bowens is involved in the transactions, and that thenote, originally for $1,600, has been runmng since 1870, and there scems u very pretty prospect for the lawyers. The Rev,J. T. Suuderland, pastor of the Fourth Unitariau Church of this city, anflounces hitself prevared to lecture on week-aay evel ings, anywhere within 200 or 300 miles of Chi o, on the following subjects everywhere upper- most in religious thought: (1) The Bible: Vi hatis ity ) Man: Isbe a **fallen™ being? If s0, has Dis_* fail * been downward or npward? (3) Jeeus: Was e God? How He came to be worshined as God, (4) The Devil. ) Gou: What do we know about Him? Proofs of imwortality. (7) uelland Iea or, .Will the God of the fature world be a fiend (%) Revivala: Their philosophy and what comes of them. (97 e better relizion coming. ‘Ihese lectures, which aim to usite eandor, charity, and reverence with fearless and un- flinching fidelity w the truth os interpreted in tie fight of the best thought zod scholarstip of the times, will be given singly, or in courses of 48 many s desired. EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE, The followiuis & the programwme which has been arranged for the Bienmal Conference of the Evangefical Alliance of the United States, which will be held the First Presbytenan Chnreh, Detroit, Oct. 30 sud 3L and Nov. 1 and 2: . Tuesday, Oct. 30,—Tirening—Address of wel- come by the Rev. Dr. Z, Eddy, of Detroit, and re- sponses by deleates. Weanesday, Uet. 31.—Morning—** Histnry and Purposes of the -Alliances,” by the Kev. Plulip Schatf, D. D.. New York: **Use and Abuse of Denomnationalism, ™ by the Rev. Drs. J. A. Brown. Gettvsburg, Pa.. and J. M. Buckley. Stamford. Conn. Afternoon—¢* Mohammedanixn and Human Rights,” the Kev. Dr. ¢, W. Samp- son. of New York. Eveni * Denominational- ism in It Kelution to Christian Union," by the ftev. Dr. J.-B. Thomas, Brooklyu. **Hlome Migsions- Cu-ut; ion Anong De i £ by lthe ftev. Dr. R W. Ciark, Alvany, tnarsday, Nov. 1.—Morning—*! Relation of Our Institutions of Learning to the Christiunity of Our Country, ™ ident d . 1i. Aneell, L. D. 5 tiony PPrees, 1ts Missi Huaphrey, of Louisville, Philadelpbin. Eveninz~ elgn. Misions on Uur Chiristian Civiliz Dr. C._G. Currie, of ion as 4 Means of Evang by the Rev. Dr. cago. Friday. Nov. 2.—Morning—*‘The Tendencics of Modern Thought as Retated to Romumsin and Rationalism, by the Rev. Dr. C. D. Hartran(t, New Brunsick, . and the Rev, C, C. Tiffuny, New York. Afternoon—* Modern Literature s Affectea by Rationshism.™ Prof Iliram Mead, D. D.. Overlin, 0. ~Eveninz—Farewell address, bv the Rev. A. T. Pierson, Detroit, and responses by the delegates, PERSONALS. Mr. J. W. Dean, of this city, has been re- elected State Sceretary of the Towa Y. M. C. AL The Rey. Carlos Swift has consented to supply the pulpit'of the Evaugel Baptist Circh for the present. * ? The Rev. F. L. Chapell, the popular pastor at Evanston,—Chicago’s largest suburb,—left last week on a visit to Connecticut tosee his friends. In the intervals befween his lectures at New Haven, the Rev. Dr. R. W. Dale, of Birming- ham, will presch in New Haveu, Hartford, and Boston. The Rev. E. F. Willlams. of the Forty-seventh Strect Congregational Chureh, has gone on a trip East, taking the Natious! Councl) on the way, aud spending two or three Sundays in Boston. The Rev. George A. Peitz, wiho has been as- ~sociute cditor of the Sunday-sSchool Times, has become pustor of the Baptist Church at James- towu. N. Y. e will, however, continue his re- lations with that paper as corresponding editor. The Rev. William E. Holyoke has accepted a cordial and unammous iuvitation to the chui at Byron, and began his lubors there O Mr. Iolyoke eujoyed an eminently successful pastorate of seven years ju the sawe couuty some time ago. Archbishop Manning goes to Rome this month for the purpose of receivine his Cardinal’s hint from the hands of the Pope. Although the Archbishop was raised to the Cardmalate several Years awo, he bas never been fuvested with the Tiut. of that high office. Dr. Dandy, who has just completed his pas- torate at Elgin. has met with gratifying suc- cess. During the fast winter over ove hundred members were added, and never since the eree- tion of the present churck edifice has the So- ciety been so free from financial embarrassmeut 48 it DOW is. Mark Hopkins, D. D., LL. D., the ex-Presi- dent of Williams Cotleie, is now fairly entitled to be called *reverend,” for he b ed his 75th year. It is £aid of him that ke is the ouly one of the ten surviving corporators of the American Board who is now able to attend the regular meetings of that body. QUIPS FOR CLERICS. An English womau, when a tract was handed to her, replied: *Thank you, I am already saved.” The famine has become so severe io Southern India that it is getting to be very unsafe for mis- sionarics. Prudent minfsters will take advantage of the present low price of flour and potatoes and lay inastore for the hungry hordes of coming do- nation parties. Grandps, who asked grace before meals, was absent, aud Tot No. 1 said to Tot No. 2, “*Now ¥ou bend your head down and say, *Now Llsy ne,” just as grandpa does.” A gifted yonae wan, being of a religious turn of mind, scuds us a poem eutitled “Beyond the Pearly G ¢ st refer to trotters that can beat any time ever made v i shell road. TFashionable ministers rarely preach to their congrezations now. ‘Their ‘remarks are spe- cially addressed 10 the two or threc gentlemen in front to whom the church is heavily mort- gaged. ‘The Catholic Jieview Teports that a Roman Bishop of the West received recently au applica- tion for a priests amon whose qualificitions it was stipulated that be sbould be **easy kept,” as the crops were light in that scetion. During the recent_revival in Boston an in- dividual noted for his uutidy dress was pro- cluiming that_he had a “change of heart,” whereupon a disgusted nuditor remarked: 1 am glad to hear 1t; now you had better chauge tue next thing to it.” “1¥pat 15 that 7 suid the converted one. “Your shirt,” said the scoffer; “cleanliness is next to godliness.” ANNOUNCEMENTS. LUTHERAN. The Rev. Edwara Belfour will preach at the Church of the Holy Trimty, corner of Dearborn avenue and Erie strect, morning and evening. UNIVERSALIST. The Rev. Surnner Ellis will preach morning and eveniug at the Church of the Redeemer, corner of Washington and Sangamon streets. —The Rev. Dr. Rydes will preach this morning and evening in St. Paul's Charch, Michigan ave- nue, near Sixtecath street. UNITARLAN. TheRev. J. T. Sunderland will preach in the morping at the Fourth Church, on Praine avenue. near Thirtieth street. Subject: ** Clenched Fists of Sectarianiam: Open Tands of Fellowship.” fhere will be services in the oid school-hoase Englewood at 3 p. m. T B rooke. erford will preach at the Church of the Messiah, corner of JMichigun aven| and Twenty-third streets. Subjects: ~ Mornine **The Inuer and Outer Life "; eveming, °‘lhe the Old Cathedral. ™ i Story of e O Ot Coilyer will preach _this morning and evening in Unity Church, corper of Dearborn avenue and Walton place. Morniug sub- ject: *‘The Ten B £ Evening subject: . from the Praine: b A e . B, Foroush wiltpreach thie morn. ing in the Third Church, corner of Monroe and Lailin streets. O o Everent will preach morn he Rev. Chartes Hall Everest will pre " e R Y eaine at Plymouth Church, 'on Michizan avenue between Twonty-ffth and Twenty-sixth e Rov, B, P. Goodwia will ek 1n she mominz and e Rev. D. . Vanderveer o the it - Union Fark Churc Vash- Taston tixeet and Autiang. aveme, o —The Rev. George T. Ladd, of Milwaukee, will l preach_ this morning and evening in the Now En- Fland Church, corner Dearborn avenue and. Dela- wware place. —The Kev. G. M. Peeke will_preach this morn- ing and evening in the Leasitt Street. Church, cor- ner of Leavittand West Adats. g e Rer. C. 4. Towlo will preach this morn. evenini “at Bethany Church, West Haron and Pautin steexte o Orer of PRESBYTERIAN. The Rev. J. A. French will preach morning and evening at the Foarth Church, corner of Rush and Superior streets. —The Rev, Jucob Post will preach in Holland in the moming and in Lnglish in_the cveningat the church corner of Noble and Erie streels. —The Rev. Arthur Swazey bresches at the First Church, corner of indiana aveauc and Twenty-Grst street, this morning. —Prof. Francis L., Patton will preach this morn- ing and evening in the Jeferson Park Church, corner of Thraop und Adumy strects. —The Rev. lenry T. Miller will preach this morn- Ingaud evening in_the Sixth Church, corner of Vingernes and Oak avenues, repeating by request al the morning service s sermon on **Amuse- ments. ** —The Rev. Alexander J. Campbell, D.D.. of Melbourne, ‘Australiz. will peach this moruing, | and the Rev. J. Monro Gibéon this evening, in the Second Church, corner of Michigan avenue and Twentieth etrect. —The Rev. 4. M. Worrall wiil preach this evening in the Eighth Church, corner of Washington and tobey stre —The Kev. D. A. Wallace, D.D., President of Moumouth Cotlege, will vreach this morning and evening in the United Chureh. _ METIODIST, The Rev. W. F. Crafts wiil preach at Trinity Cburch, Indiana avoenue, near Twenty-fourth stroe. Eveninz Aabject: **The Rum Legion and the Prayiog Legion.” The itev. Dr. Daniel Lord oreaches at the Wa- Avenue Church morning and evening. —The Rev. S, H. McCheency will preach this morning and evening in the Pack’ Avetine Church, corner of Park avenue and Robey street. —The Rev. Juhn Atkindon will preach this morn- ingand evening in Grace Church, corner of North Laalle and White strets. —The Rev. Dr. Thotaas will preach this morning and evening in Centenury Church, Monroe and Morgup streets. —Tlie Kev. E. M. Boriog will preach this morn- ing and cvening in the Dixon Street Church. Zifhe Rev. S. M. Adwms will preach this mora- ing and cvening in the Western Avenue Chureh. BAPTIST. X The Ttev. X. If. Ravlin wil preach morning and evening at the Free Church, corner of Loowmis' and Jackeon streets. —The Rev. T. J. Morgan, D. D., witl preach morning and eveni at the Fourth Charch, corner of Waxhinzton and Panlina strcets. Pire Kev. Rubert P, Allison will preach morn- nd cvening at the North Star Church, comner visiow and Sedgwick streets. —The Kev. E. O. Taylor preaches at the Central Church. Chicago avenue, morning and eveni: . Custis preaches ut the Michigan Avenne Church this morning. Prof. Maimon lectures on ** lebrew Poctry ™ in the evening. —The kev. A, Owen, D. .. will preach thin ‘morning und evening in the Uuiversity Place Chureh, corner of Doelay and Ruodes. avenues. Evemng subject: ** Paul's Conversion. ™ e Rev. § will preack this morn- ing and evenine'in’ the First Church, corner of South Park avente and Thirty-fiest street, “~The Rev. Gslusha Anderson will preach this ‘mornine and cvening 1n the Second Charely, corner of Monroc and Morzn strects. Morning sub- an the Rich Be_Saved?™™ Eveuing sub- Profit and Loss. " K. Cresecy will presch this morn- in the Coventry Strect Charch, Coventry street, corner of Bloomiugdale. KEFORMED EPISCOVAL. The Rev. Franklin W. Adams will officiate st Church. corneraof ichigsn avenue and fourth streel. Subjects: Morning, Christizn Servitor, His Work and Iis Reward “‘The Healing and the Hurtful Shadow of Lafe.™ —'The Rev. M. D. Church will officiate morniug and evening at St Joha's Church, in Oakwoud avenue. near Cotiage Grove avente. —There will be seryices morning and evening at Emmanucl Cnarch, cornerof Hanoverand Sesenty- cighth streets, Zfhe Kev. Dr. Hunter preaches at St Paul's Church, cormer of Anu und Washington streets, morning and evening. —The Rev. W. E. Williamson will presch this morung and evening in Lumanuel Charch. corper of Centre and Dayton strects, —The Rtev, k. IL Bosworth will preach this mormng and eveniag in Grace Church, corner of Hoyne tnd LeMoyne strect, and ut $:10 o'clock 18 afternoon 1 Trinity Church, Englewood. CHRISTIAN. J. T. "Toot will preach this morning and evening in the First Church. corer of Lugiaga avenue and Twenty-Gfth strect. SPIRITUALIST. Mrs. Cora L. V. Kichmona will epeak this morn- ing and evemng before the_Eirst Society of Spirit- unlists at Grow's llull, No. 517 West Madison street. Eveng subject: **The New Heaven and il Now Earci, by 4 Frophet of the New Duspen- sation.™ MISCELLANEOUS. he Non-Sectariau Bible mectine will be held at 2:50 p. m. In Room 28 Nevuda Slock, corner of Washington and Franklin streets. e, D. K. Mansfield will preach In the mornimg and Mrs. Manstieid in the evening at the church corner of May aud Fulton streets. The latter's subject will be, **Christ [s Seen in the Types.” T he Rev. W. J. Erdman will presch morning and evening at the Chicago Avenue Church, corner of Lasullestreet. —Elder McCulloch will preach morning and even~ ut the Adventists' Tabernacle, No. 91 South Green street. The ev. J. J. Stone will preach in the Chapet of the Washingtonian Home at3p. m. Temper-- ance meeling 10 toe evening. : Rev. E. Stone will preach 1o the morping on *~The Desizn in Human Suffering,™ sad the Rev. T. D. Bentley on_**A Comforting Lesson ' in the evening at the Tabernacle, on Ogden ave- nue near Harrivon street. —The Disciples of Christ will meet at 4 o'clock this affernoon 4t N0. 229 West Rundulph street “The Rev. W. F. Pendleton will preach this mornin: fn the New. Jerusalem Temple, corner of Washington stréet and Ogden avenue. EPISCOPAL- The Rt.-Rev. Bishop McLaren, assisted by tha TRev. d. 1. Knowles, priest in ctarze, will ofliciute thrs mornmng and evening in the Cathedral Free Church. §3. Peter and Paul, corner of Washington and Peorix atreets. Samuel S. Harris_will preach this w, and the Rev. fL C. Kinoes uc4 tnis afternoon, in St. Jumes’ Clnrch, cor- ner of Cass and Huron streets. E. Sullivan wul preach this morning n Trinity Church, corner of Michizan uvenne snd Twenty-sixth street. —The ltev. Fraucis Mausfield will preach this and evening 1n the Church of the Atone- ment, corner of Washmgton and Robey streets. Phe lev., J. Breaburs will preach this morning and eveniuz in SLAnsgarins’ Church, Sedgwick near Chicago avenue. Rev, Wilham A Fiske will preach this vening in Grase Church. Wabash ricenth and Sixteenth streets. T. Allen will preach this morning and eveuins in St. Jobn's Churca, Ashland avenue, near Madixon street lhere will be morning and evening services in the Church of the loly Communion. Dearborn strect. near Thirtieth. CThe Ktev. Artbar Ritchie will officiate this morping and_evenmng i the Church of the Aucen- gion, corner of Lasalle and Elm streets. e ltev Charles Stanley Lester will preach | this morwmg and cvening in St Paul's Church, Hyde Park avenue, between Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth streets. Tihe Rev. B. F. Fleetwood will preach this morning und evening in SLMark's Church. corner o Grove avenue and Thirty-sixth etreet —The ftev. G. F. Cushmuy will preach this “morningand evenng in St Stephen's Church, Jobnson street, between Taylor and Twelftn. "ZThe Rev. Luther Pardee will preach this morn- ing and evening in Calvary Church, Warren av- enue, between Oskley street and Westera uvenue. "UFhe Rtev. T. N. Morrisou will preach this morutng and cvenine in the Church of the Epiphany, Throop strect, between Monroe and Adan: “Tho Rev. W¥. J. Petrie will preach this morn- ing and evening in the Church of Our Savior, cor- ner of Linculn and Belden avennea. “The Itev. llenry G. Perry will preach this ‘morning and eseninz in All Saints' Charen, cornec of North Carpenter and West Ohio strects. Therewill te morning_services at the Good Shepherd Mission, Lawndale. The Rev. F. N. Lueson will preach this mora- ing and evening i Emanuel Charch. LaGrange, ZThe Rev. J. Stewart Smith will preach this morniuz and evening in St Mark's Chasch, Evauston. CALEXDAR FOR THE WEEK. EFISCOPAL. 5 Oct. 21—Twerty-firt Sunday after Trinity. CATHOLIC. 0Oct. 21—Trwenty-recond Sunday after Pentecost; Matermity of the B. V. M.; St Hilaax rion, C.; SS. Ureuls ana Comp-, MM. 0Oct. 22—Feria. Oct. 23—Ferin Oct. 24—5t. Raphacl. Archang. Oct. 35—Oilice of the Blested Sacrsment; Chrysunthus and Daria, MM. —St. Evanstas, P. ~Vigl of 55. Simon and Juce. ————— MY PRAYER. Father, 1am ready: take me To that Hlome beyond the sk, Where toe wicked cease from tronbling, S8, Oct. 2 Oct. ‘And Thy children never die. 1s it wrong that ] shonld ask jt— Ask to leave thus world of care? 18 it is, forgive me, Father— Let my longiogs change, by prayer, 1f the years that are to follow, Should be filled with care und pain, Give me #tren2th to bearthe sorruw— Let me stilf my cross rettin. And when all ry work is over. When my pilgrimage 1s done, Will you then receive me. Fatber, o that Home beyond the suu? Cumicaso, 1877, Bazu LROXARD. THE GAME OF CHESS CHESS DIRECTORY. CuicaGo Crizss CLuB—Nos. 63 and 65 Washe ington street. Cuicago Cness Assocratios— Hentici's Cafe, 174 East Madison street. Chess players meet daily at the Tremont House (Exchange) and the Sherman Honae (Basement). All conununications intendéd forthis department. should be addressed to Tie THIBUNE, and indorse? *‘Chess.™ ENIGMA NO. 99, E BY ME. 6 LOTD. White. Rlack, KingatQB7 Ringat K Kt7 ucen a1 Kt 2 TawnatK Kt6 YR Pawnut K53 Knightat K B2 ‘White to play and mate in threc moves. PROBLEM NO. 99. BY MR E. R B., CRICAGO. A White to play and mate in twomoves. By remove ing the Pawn at to Q 5 the position is trans- formed into a two-move self-mate. *,* Problem No. 98 is imperfectly presented. The Rook ut Kt 8 should be removed to @ Kt 6. SOLUTION TO PROBLEM NO. 97. wk Kes T mates | #,% Correct solation to Problem No. W H. Ovingzton. O. . Benjamin, E. Barbe, A. Bergman, and 3., cityr E., doliet, 101, fr C. W. Clark, F. Kt Teraer, Il *,% Correct solution to Enigma No. 97 received from W. Il. Ovington, O. K. Benjamin. apd E.S. CIIICAGO. Played in the Chess Congress of 1874 between Messra. Judd and Perrin. G1UOCO FLANO. PERUIN. Ltac! QR E Bakend | FEE 3t ! 5 Q 1 ZQo K 6 e R takey Kt i iokes 1 o ity } takes ¢ b S6R ok G tukys 1§ B 3. QW KIS Lok Teh e, NLo I} fiL'fo«rrnw et iolis s HERY w . < q “-%KDQR‘I 45..Q1oKseh And White realzns. CHESS IN COLUGNE. Afine game played at the Lologne Chess Congmiss between Herrcu Wemmers and Zukertort. The notes are by the chess editor of the LondoR Field: RUY LovEz. | Biscs—zeseutont. EESETE JCEEE 43 e} B sSguaw CE RRERCEL S . € SCUEEEEEEEE SEE Ecsum dGaTEe =5 ! &3 i datit et TEEE Sgigeice 5 =1 gggg 7R e AEZRRE N3 (#) So far and up 10 the Gfteenth move both sides follow the pattern of ope of the games in the match between Steinitz and Zukertort, where the formec introduced the retreat of the Kt for the defense. The obyect s to briaz the Kt round to Q5 by way of K 2and Q B 3, an to keey free band us regurds eastliug oo cither eide. It alw prepares foc the stropg advance of the K B P at an carly moment, ud therefore compels the oppouent o play P 10 K Kt 4, which-wenkens the laiter's K wing. (b White iy compelled to exchange, for it be retreated the Kt to [t 2, the anewer of Qto KRS Would have seriously cmbarrassed bis gaine. Black lias, therefore, attained his_object of shifting tho B P Lo the Gle, and now be will be woon en- -abled, as will be scen, to undouble bis pawns and et the better position. E€le) Inferior fo Kito K 2, but anghow Black was und Lo Zatn grouns D S pcrating with energy and decision to heal tné vore point of Black's game, the dvabled pawna on the Q lile. ) (©) s n necesmary precaution, for if be captared the I atonce, White's rejoinder wag Kt fakes K P, followed by R to K sq in case the B ro~ ook, 1) Certatniy not 23 good a8 playing the K R to the same square. 1t was altogether fallacious to apeculate 0a 3 prospective attack by advancing the KBP. (2) 'This fine move preserves the two bishops. Nad he attacked the Kt at ance, White would have answered Kt to B 6. il (b It certainly threatens to take the Q P with the Kt in case Black plays the K to B 6 at onc bnt then it 1a only a temporary relief, and the Q woon obliged to £0 back ain, White's game waa alreadyfextremely diflicuit. Ktto Q 1 3 would have been apswercd by Bto Beq; and K to Kt2Z was not feasible, on account of the rejoinder Qta Qsq. (i) Black's 1ast two moves were very fine, and are selected with studious care and precision. (51 1t will be observed at a later stage that the retreat of the B o his square 13 well conceived to prevent the adveree Kt from coming in &t Kt 5. %) Obmously yie could ‘ot take the R, on ac- count of the reply. P to K 5 dis. cb. followed by P to K 6, and then accordingly by R 0B 7,0rP takes K, winning a piece in either case. H 0 B lakee P was manifestly more expeditions, and would have left Black with three pawns ahead 20d an £asy WOD £ame. (m) \\'lu’le plays this part in 8 more feeble man- per than 1s excusable by the bad position, and his dificulty to find an absolute $00d Dluy Lo save the game. _Cnquestionably he cald more prolong tae defense by 4 to K 2, followed by Etlo B3 (n) The counter attack isa desperate resources ot he had hardly anytning eatisfactory. Had he g the it to Kt 3. Black would have checked S:Iii’ne:ne 1t at Kt 7, followed, on the Kt interpos- ing, by B to B ¥q, etc. %) the Kt bos no move, and consequently tho R is also fixed, and there i3 5o hindraace to tie slow sdvancs of the paWAs. 5 kg