Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 3, 1877, Page 4

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: MONDAY SEPTEMBER 3, 1877. \ Cribmne, 4 ER Ms OF SUBSCRIPTION, frantie Erinn ATE Ween Linpol a One enpy, pe hier tr inal th lay tnd tiletakes bo enre and etre Tort: Of ce ndctress to tot, Including State and County, Ketttiances may bo tute etther by draft, express, Port-Ottice order, or In reainieted letters, at our risk. TERMS TO CITY SUNSCRInERS. Bealls, detivered, Sanday excepted, 25 conta per weeks 1 detlvered, bunday Included, 20 cents per week, Auilttes AN TRIBUNE COMPANY, Carver Modicon aud Dearburnests., Chitesgo, Ml. Orders for the detivery of THe Tainuxnat Evantton, Englewood, anu Hyde Park left tn the counting-room, wil revelve prompt attention, “AMUSE ‘Se a MeVickern Theatres Madiron street. hetween State and Dearborn, "Bae dy." Mesdamn Don, Stoneall, Maye, ete.s Messrs MeVicker, Whezluck, Pearagn, ele. Hooles'a Theatres Uandotph street, between Clark and Lasalte, Fors Didden Frutt" Mestamea Newton, Myers, etes$ Messrs. Hobson, Crane, eto. Adetotl Thentres Montoe rirert, corucr of Uearburn. Tho Fieg of Tlonor." Grand Ballet, led by Miles, Ross and Lo Tournoure. Cotton's Opern.ttatae. Monroe street, hetween Stato and Dearborn. Firat+ cheavariety, John Reilly, Thatcher andaliume; Bilas Julla Walcott, ete. New Chicago Theatres Clark street, oppor Sherman Honec, Haverly's Minatrela, Messrs. Add Ryman, ity Carter, Moran, ote, Academy of Muastes Halsted street, just south of Madison, Variety ene tertalnment. The Freeman Sisters, Stessrs. Hugh Fay, Cuarivy Gardaer, Goss and Fox, ote. Collseum Novelty Theatre, Clark atrect, Hetwern Wartington and Randotph. Variety entertainment. The Varker sisters, venus gud Adonts, te Criamins Brothers, ete. Globe Theatre. Deaptainen street, between Madison and Washington, Variety entervainment, Lillan Dayton, Mile Italetta, ets. Expoation iuitding. Michigan avenu:, ovposite Adams strect, Biate Ladjutrial Exposiion, Day nod evening. Inter- MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, - 1877. CHICAGO MARKET SUMMARY, ‘Tho Chicuso produce markets were stronger Sat- urley, nod breadstufis were more active, Mees pork closed le ver bel higher, at $12,350. 12.37% for Septumber and §12.4715018.40 for Lard closed Te per 100 tba higher, at $4,521; 28.95 for September and 38.4: Meats were thrmer, at Gic for loos and OXe for do short rus, Lake fretghts were lees : ie for com to Muffalo, Ilighwincs at $1.00 per gation. Flour was in Detter demand. Wheat cloacd 2¢ higher, ot $1.02% for keptember nnd $1.00 for Uctaber, Corn clored 4, Zee higher, nt 427e¢ cash and 43!¢¢ for October, Oats closed 23¢ hivhor, at 24¢ cash nnd 24'%¢c for October, Kye wae firmer, at G&@asigc, Barley closed 2¢¢ lower, at UUie for September. Hous wore active ant firmer, at $4.70@5.i5, Cattle wery nicady, at 32.50%¢5.50 for poor to choice. ‘There was a lzht demand for sheep at 83.0084. 25, Onc hundred dollars In gold would buy $103, 8744 iu greenbacks at the Clore. Greenbnoks in Now York on Saturday wero worth 96106! cents on the dollar, Judge Doourrtie has communicated his views on the currency question in the form of an interview, which we print this morn- ing, in which ho points ont the dangorous consequences certain to attend the attempt to accomplish the résumption of specie pay- ments without first having on hand in tho country an amount of coin at toast equal to tho volumo of paper money in circulation. * Pho pet policy of Secrotary Smenstan—thot of resumption by contraction—has seldom reecived a more crushing criticism. Our cablo speciat this morning containa two accounts, ‘Turkish and Russian respect- ively, of tho furlous fighting of Aug. 30, which resulted in tho defeat of tho Russians and the capture of the strategic positions occupied by the enemy in the Valloy of the Tom. ‘Tho ‘turkish report of the battle, otter making dao allowance for enthusiasm, ia probably tho moro reliablo of the two, as tho writer from tho Russiun camp makes no otlempt to devy that tho result was disastrous, though attributing it to over- powering numbers on tho ‘Surkish sido. Tho obsequies of Burauas Youxa took place yesterday at Salt Lake City, and will probably strike tho reader as having beon romarkably commonplace, when the emi.’ nence of the wan in his community while living is relatively considered, ‘Tho body wna tnelosed ina plain redwood coffin and borne to the grave by the hired men of the arch-polygamist, ‘Lhe inference is almost in- evituble that this prophet, who was suppos. ed to have reversed the Scriptural dictum ro- garding prophets and honor, was really with- out much of houor cithor abrond or at home, ——— Brown sugars and white, red sugars oud gray, mingle, mingle, mingle, you thot qwinglo may, for after Oct. 1 there will Lo uo more iningling on the duty-list of the very choicest sugar (although brown) with: * the common brown, paste which the average boy loveth to claw from the inside of tho ample hogshoad, ‘Pho cunning device of the wicked bas been formally ospied by tho "Yrewsury Department at Washington, and. thu two mouths of furthor Impurity given to the revenue gougers are probably neces. pituted by the paramount dauger of snarling qnueh red tape, Ss: Tuvainbly the workingmen in forming their local party organizations leave out of their calculations tho class who work the longest hours and oxerclse moro political in- fluence than any other ono element of the voting poputationa—that is, the farmers, A. correspondent writing from Ohio, after a carce ful survey of thu field, detects in this fact the certuin defeat of the workingmen’s qiovement in that State, The farmers are vitally opposed to the elght-hour humbug, which, if made law, would ruin the agri- cultural iuterest, and will be found yoting in their old purty ranks, be tho same Ke. pubsican or Democrat—a condition of things not restricted to Ohio politics, as will une doubtedly be ascertained at tho fall cloctions, ‘The Constantinople correspondent of the New York 2ridune, who does not seem to be ivttuenced by ‘Lurkish bribery, writes that immediately after the occupation of Eski- Sagra by Suteyatan Pasha’s troops the work of destruction commenced. Tho troops entered about suudown, and before the next morning cvery male Bulgarian over 10 years of ug? had becn slaughtered. Many * women and children were also massacred, Seven thousand Christian women, without a mule relative left, wery driven off to meet death by starvation, if they cannot find charity. Every house in the clty was robbed, and thun the torch was applied and wiped it out of existence, From the hill on which it stood, forty blackened ash-beapa mark the sito of forty peaceful villages, whose people have beon killed and homes destroyed by the "Turks, under Sunerwan Pasha, who, some of tho English Tarkophile papers fondly tell us, isa brilliant yonng officer recking to mako a military reputation, As the Porte promoted the Governor of Phillippopolis last summer after killing 60,000 Christian pensonts, surely SuLeraAn Pasha should be promoted also, Mr. FE. W. Stovanros, of New York. who will be remembered ns ono of the eminent Inwyors eelected to represent the Republican. ensa before the Electoral Commission, has token tpon himself tho task of replying to Arecent paper by Judge Jen Brack, nnd the lending points of the roply, 18 published in tho Worth cimerican Review for Septem- bor, aro given elsewhere in onr columns, If the cry of frond alrondy taken ap by varions Domocratic conventions should be carried into the next Presidentinl campaign, Mr. Srovanton’s nblo and con- elusive reply will be found of peculinr intor- ent and value, No Democrat, however, who is fair nud candid enongh to be worth argu- ing with or answering will bo found so stu. pid as to dononnce as a conspiracy a mons- uro for the onnctinent of which the Demo- cratic party is fully responsible, since with out Democratic votes the Electoral bill could never have become a law. To the Fadltor of The Tribune, Cnicano, Sept, 1.—In your comments npon Mr. Gnoven's letter of yesterday in thie morning's Tuinuxe, it scoms to me you nave fallen into. a fandamental error, “You hold that the 3,G7interchanzeable hondro earnestly reeam- mended by ‘currency reformers." ns we Ike to vo called, world, instead of acting aa a temporary eluice fur redundancy, absorb and ex- tinguists the circulation permanently and alto- gether, This would argne, would tt not, the im- poralbillty of n currency in the presence of recurl- tics bearing Interest? Yon do notdonnt but that there are securities fn thie market, all things con- sidered, n# attractive ne Government bonds at 4, 4%, and por cent Interest? Would nota loan, for Instance, of $20,000 on The Tunrxn Busld- ing, at 6 percent, bea recurity. preferable to the Governments at4 percent? Are there notall the time such temptations to the investment of active capital? Innot bueluess carried on for the pues puso of realizing better Interest than can be obtain ed by loans? Are men rattled generally with the best securities beeause of aw rates of interest? Tha fact that the bonds would cireu- ate ne oo '*clumey currency” would militate agalnet their ure asa currency, and you, alr, Hide Atur, overlook tha unvarying principle uf currency, that **the cheaper circulates and the moro valua- ble Js retired, "—tho Hihter and freer outruns tho “heavier, And these bonds contd be iesued with out tho segaletender power, and that olone wold prevent thelr general circulation, Or tf made for fume not les than $1,000, they would he unavall- able ass cntrency, When businassia healthy, and elreutstion freo, Government bonds are scarcely a temptation as an investment, and it eeema to ma could nut affect the clrenlation in any way. ‘Ten cents n day would be no temptation fer a man of business to take a bond for $1,000 that ha could not pay adebt, or pay bis taxes with, ur get his change forthe asking. 1 certainly think you are {n error In your comments, If thera wero no de- mend fora circnlating medium, your poaition would be correct, Itespectfully, J.C, Nonixson, Reruy: Mr. Roninson is not tho first person who has had to surronder his idols, ‘Tho maxim which hoe quotes, that ‘Tho cheaper currency circulates and tho more valuable retires,” has no application in tho case of an interconvortiblo-bond currency, bocauso tho fuce valuo of the bonds and tho greonbacks would be exactly tho same, -A dollar's worth of bond and n dollar's worth of greenback would have precisely the sama purchasing power. ‘Tho nceruing interent would add nothing to tho face value of tho 3,G5bond. Tho principal of such abond would always bo worth just tho number of green- backa it callod for, The amount of interest would dopond on how long it had bean run- ning, ond wonld attach to the coupon and not to the fnco of the bond. If the conpon woro cut off, the bond would draw no interest until the timo for the noxt coupon to begin to nccumulate interest, Oonvortibla cur+ rency must in tho nature of things bo worth for purchasing purposes juat the samo us the money in which it is redeemable, ‘Thus National Bank notes, though not legal- tonders, havo exactly tho same markot value as greonbacks ; so the convertible bond would have the samo valine as the logal-tendors into which it could be changed on demand; but it would always sell not only for its face, but also forthe accrued interost on its conpon, ‘Thero cannot bo any difference in the surrent value of a note redeemable ou demand ina lugal-tender and the lognl-tonder itself, and that'ls tho reason Lank-uotes aro always at par with greenbacks, Dut if the bank-notes wero not redenmed on presentation, they would immediately fall into adiycount, and if allowed to oirenlate would speedily drive ant tho better curroncy, which would be boarded. And if there aro two bank-note ourreneles, ox greenbacks and gold, for ox- amplo, the cheaper notos will circulato and the denror—gold—will rotiro, as wo find by exporienco to be the fact. Our correspondent thinks that if no3.63 in- torchangeable bonds of loss than $1,000 woro issued, groenbacks would be forced to circu. Inte, Not necessarily so, if silvor be remon- etizod, for it would becomo tho common currency of the country, Tho $1,000 con- vortible bond would suit the rich; but would tho masses allow the wealthy fow and the bankers to monopolize all tho interest-bear- ing currency? Would the Grangers and small dealers, for example, consent that nove of theso luscious grapes should bein bunches of less size than one thousand dollars? As thoy would themsolvos say, “ uot much,” Ukoy wouldn't, Publio clamor for tho poor man’s righta would force Congress to issue curroncy-interest bouds of $100, of $50, aud 88 small ns $10, and all other forins of papor monoy would disappear, Whon tho Govern- mont offers a choice of two ourrencies to tho public of equal purchasing power, tho ona bearing interest ond the other nono, tho people will- naturally profor ‘that which yields interost. If it be sald that tho greenback is a legal-tender and tho 3.65 bond would not be, wo reply that, if the bond is convertiblo into legal-tender on demand, it becomes a legal-tonder for all practical purposes, and would not be rofused by creditors once ina million of times, How seldom bank-notes aro refused by creditors, although thoy are not Jegal-tonders. Why? Because they can be changed into groenbacks whenover tho holder desires, ‘The first mistake Mr, Nonixson makes is in comparing an exchangeable greenback bond with mortgage loans antl good securi- ties at high rates of intorest, In their action they would be utterly unlike, Mortgages do not circulate from hand to hand as legsl- tender or bank-notes, One reason is, that they have not the oxact current valye of legal-tender notes, and are not convertible into legal-tender mouey ot the pleasuro of tho holder for the amount of their fuce, but aro subjected to the market fluctuations of euch securities, ‘Thoy cau only be used as col- laterals on which to borrow money for thoso who lend such things. ‘hey no moro re- semble interconvertible bonds than a hawk does aiandsaw, A man with $10,000 of idle money wonkt mako dollar a day by having it in the ehapo of 3.658, Who would refnse to take a bank-note redeemable in greenbacks on demand because it also drew interest? No wiso man, certainly; nor can wo conceive of any fool so great na to re- {uso such a note, An interconvortible bond drawing 5.65 per cent interest would be almost identical with a National Bank note bearing tho same rate of interest; both wonld be convertible into legal-tendor on demand, which would make ench equivalout to greenbacks for their face, plusinterest, No creditor. would rofuse to accept eithor in payment of n debt, or decline to reeeivo them for any property for pale; they would pase current just the same ag money. Ifaman held this sort of intorest-bearing ourrency In his posresston merely ono night, it would grow little by morning. If he re- ceived a £10,000 convertible bond for a debt oreale of property, nnd kept its week, it would improve in value seven dollars, If it wero but a 21,000 currency bond, it would earn him 70 conta; and ff only a $100 bond, at the end of the ‘week anybody would give seven cents more than its face for-it, All banks of every description would keop thelr balances in these interest-bearing currency bonds; all depositors who now draw no in- tereston tho balances they keep in banks wonld then insist on being credited nt tho rato of 3.65 per cent on their avernga de- posits; the banks could not refure, as the dass would fall on the Government instead of onthe bank, All tho railroad companies would put thoir receipts inte these currency bonds, snd wonkd pay their omploycs, ox- penser, and dividends in the same kind of currency, 60 far as possible, + All tho inaur- Anco companies—both life and fire—woull keep their ‘nninvested money in this form. Everybody would do the same to tha ut- most practicable extent. No bank-notes could circulate, because they would be sent home for redemption in legal-tenders in or- der to convert tho Iattor into interest-bearing currency in the shape of 3,658, The greon- backs could not bo kept in circulation, for the same motive that expelled the bank- notes. No mntter how many greonbacks the Government might fesue, they would oll take the form of interest-bearing currency, for the renson that it world be more profit- able to the holders to have their idlo money drawing interest than not drawing intercat; and the 8,653 would pass as money just os freely ns National Bank bills do now. Thero would be some bother in calculating the ac- erued interest and making the exact change, bnt people would submit to tho trouble of the compntation rather than Jono acent of tho interest n bond had earned nt tho timo it changed hands, A thousand millions of such 3.65 bond-money would readily be absorbed by the public; but it would cost the Govorn- ment nearly forty millions a year of interest, and would necessitate a large inerense of Federal taxes {to raiso the money to pay such i{uterest. ho smaller transactions would pretty much all be done with silver, As fastas any bank, railroad, orindividud returned this 3.65 intorest- bearing curroncy to the Tronsury to exchango for small groonbacks,—ones, twos, fives, tens,—they would be picked up by tho brok- era anid returned to tho T'reasury for interest- Loaring monoy, becauso it wonld be more profitable for men to keep their idle funds in that shape, ns they could always pay ont the convertible bonds os readily as plain groon- backs. Nobody wonld refuse thom, ‘Those nro somo of the reasons which make un think that, if the Govornmont offered to redeem its groenbacks in intorconvortible bonds, all the grecnbacks (aud bank-notes olso) would disappear from ctreulntion, and could not bo kept iu cirentation excopt in very limited quantitics, and tho Government, would have interost on all the paper money in tho United States. Hence we cannot ap- prove ‘tho scheme, howover captivating a bound currency may nppenr in tho eyos of some people, = A FEW MOON-QUERIES, Tho recent discovery that the planot Maru is attended by two or three moons is fQ very important ona, as it has onnbled aa- tronomers to ascertain tho quantity of matter contained in the plauct, compared with that ofthe Bun, But, nt the sane timo, it pre- sents n most perplexing question, which has not hitherto been raised, except as it isin- volved in tho discussion abont n apposed in- tra-Morcurial pinnet., Ono of those moons revolves about three times whilo Mars rotates once on his axis, and tho period of tho one first discovered {x only about one-third more than the time of tho planot’s rotation,” A Necessary consequonco of tho TLarnacy theory of evolution, o4 it fs generally under. stood, ia, that the satellites, having been thrown off from the plauctary tnass, cannot move around him in loss time than he occn- pics in turning on his own axis; which is directly disproved by tho ascertained fact, as stated. It follows either that the Larzace theory ia at fault, orthat the minute bodics which now flont in apace around Mors woro not thrown off from his surface, but have been captured by him at some time in the past whon they camo near ouough to him to bo twisted out of their former orbite, but not noar enough to be attracted to his sur- face, So far as wo are at present ablo to infor, the last-named supposition is probably cor- rect, and, if this be nccopted, another vory interesting question arises: “Where did thoy come from?” It is not impossible that theso satellites wero formerly members of that vast host of plauetoldal bodies which course around the Sun between tho orbits of Mars ond Jupiter. Itis, however, at least equally probable that they once traveled around the Bun in very prolonged lliptio orbits, like those bodies that come near the Earth every now and then, and some of which fall to her surfaco, while others pass through and beyond our atmosphere, ‘The moteor that passed over Missouri, Ilinois, Indiana, Ohio, and other Btates, on the 21st of Decombor last, could scarcely have nade such a grand display unless its diameter were at least equal to that of the smallest satellite of Mars, which is catimated by Watson at two ond threo-fourtha miles, Under certain conditions of direction and velocity relative to the Earth, that meteor might have been captured by our planet, aud have now playod the role of second moon to us. Who will say that we shall not yet put one or more of theso fugitives into the orbital harness, and bent Mars in the raca of moon-catching? Nay, itia not impoudblo that our present Moon herself will axsume the role of satellite captor, aud astonish us by that hithorto-un- heard-of phenomovon,—a moon circling around moon larger than itself, or rather a systom of moons swinging around each oth- ¢t, while both ylold equal obedience to the attractive power of our Earth, ‘Tho eyes of the world are only just being opened to the possibilities of world-exist- ence, and it will expect great (and small) revelations to be made in tho future by tho astronomers who aro irapndently pocring into overything celestinl with their tele- fcopes, and trying to anatomize that every- thing with their telescopes, They have got to make these revealmenta in order to nue- tain their own repntaticm, and fnrnish a raison {for them) detre, It ia also shoir bounden dnty to Ieave no stone untnmed, and no inch of space nnacanned, in tho en- deavor to sustain the reputation of onr globe. She is able to cayrture and tako care of moro than ono attencunt,—certainly ns well abla as Mars,—and does not the nbility argue for the fact? Who will discover an- other moon to our Farth; or, botter rtill, tho oxiatence of a satellite to our already fa> milinr Moon? THE RUSSIAN DEFEAT. The defeat of the Russinn right wing: which was stationed along the River Lom, betweon Karahasson aud Yenikoi, by the forces under Meueaet All, coupled with the significant fact that Surzystan Pasha in ro- ported to hnve crossed tho Balkang and of- fected a jnnetion with Orsstax Pasha, thins entting off the Russian force in the Schipka. Toss from its communications, is equivalent. to a disastor from whith,they can hardly recover during tho present campaign, If the Turks promptly follow up their nd- vantages, it will he littloless than miraculous if they do not substantinily end the war, ‘Tho continuous disarter which has followed. the Pussians since they liave crossed tho Dannbe (they have not yet won a pitched battle) znust be a matter of rurprise even to the most astuto military erlties, When Rns- sin declarad war last April, it was the general. verdict that, unless the Powers intervened, her victorious troops would be in Coustanti- | nople on the one hand, and in Erzeroum on tho other, before the winter, Her immonse- superiority in population aud resourcos, her- past military experiences, her brilliant fight ing record at Sebastopol, tho romarkablo development of her railway system, and tho dosh and clan with which she commenced tho campaign, wsro nll looked upon aa sure indications of sy eecdy victory. The enrly stagos of the campaign also pointed the way to victory. ‘The brilliant manner in whict. tho crossing was mado nt Ismail ond Braila, and the equally brilliant manner in which Gen, Zruaensran’s forces ostablishod thom. solves in the Dobrudacha, tho crossing n$ Bistova, tho capture os! Nikopolis and ‘Tir- nova, the splondid advance into Bulgari, the dash of Gen. Gounxo over the Balkans and the panic which it created aot Adrianople, no Jess than the rapid mannor with which they advanced in Asin Minor, capturing placo after placo, until thoy wote almost in sight: of tho minarets of Zirzeroum, convinced oven. the mostsanguino friands of Turkoy that the Russinns wero certain to overcomo tho Sick: Man by tho overwhelming weightof numbers, They took. their stratsgicat positions with consummate skill and there thoy paused in. their carver, and from thut timo to this dis~ aster has followed’ upon disaster, Thoy have beon uttorly crushed im. Asia, ond driven back until Muoxtcran Pasha ia tm thoir frontior; and in Ensopo thoy hava been bonten in dotnil, losing heavily in cack: dofent, malarin meamwhilo helping to deci- mato thelr ranks, so that now the dally num- ber of tho disabled is almost equal to tho daily arrivals of reinforcements, ‘Chey havo lost mon by thousands, lost their war material and subsistence, and, worst of ull, lost prestige, ‘They havo hardly recove red from the terrible blow which crushed thoir left wing at Plevna when on equally tor-ible blow is dealt at thoir right wing at Kars has. son, and if it be truo that Gureyman Pasho and Osan Pasha have effected a june ton, wo may hear any day that thoir centre is disabled in o similar sannor, ‘Tho outlook for tho Russians is 6 dismal ono, The Bick Man is not i sick) as he might be. ‘ho ‘Lurka havo cqual i! not suporior numbers, They hnye disp layed bottor fighting qualities than the SIusco vitoa, Thoy are better armed, both in: ficlél and fortress material, ‘Thoir ofiicera’ stro equal if not superior to the Russtans in cbility, and they fight upon tho modern system of tictics, whilo the Russians have adopted tho fatal system of the old-fashioned toctlrs. Trior to tho recent battle the ‘Turks fought bebind intrenchments, and tho Russophiles sald, “Walt until a battle omwrs in the open ftekt." Tho battle of the Lum was Jonght in tho open ficld, and tho same fatal disaster overtook the Itusstan arms os at Plovne and Exki-Sagra, Itis not promat aro, theraforo, to contemplate tho possibility of Rutsion dofoat, One of. tho strongest friends of Rusala, the London Spectator, ia ale ready reluctantly speculating’ = upon tho consequences of sucha defoat, It.finds that the Turk would bo an un.ottored master in Enropo as ho waa three con ttu ries ago. ‘Tho ‘Lurk would havo loarnod that terror, unhoesitatingly appliod, is still, in apito of civilization, tho most effective fun ‘e jn tho world; that tho disrogard of th») fottora placed on warfare by opinion—in murdering the wounded, for examplo, or mutilating tho dead—entallx no ponal conse- quences; that if an Empire is only bad enough and brutal enough to slaughtor ont opposition, it fe safe from resistance, excopt by an invasion, which, if it fa big enough, it can ropulse, Naturally ho would bo encour- aged to bellovo his systom porfect for ita ends, and would glvo it full scopo and swing.” Tho horriblo massacres, such as have becu chroviclod ot Kesaulik and Eski-Sagra, would be repoated throughout Rosnis, Herze- govina, Old Servia, ‘Thessaly, Epirus, Rou- melia, Crete, wherever, in fact, the peoplo hod shown any favor to the Russians or manifested any dosiro to free thom- selyos from the Turkish yoke, All European Turkey would bo delivored over to the Aui- atic irregulars for rapine, The Sultan would treat with contempt that European civilization which even now is powerless to prevent Asiatics from murdering European women and children, At tha close of these horrible scones a wtill more ferocious Mus- sulman caste would come into power. ‘Tho Porte, awaro that no Power but England could assail it, aud aware also that England could not be shocked by any extent of mas- sacra into action, would slaughter Europeans at will, and fill up gaps with Asiatic moro amenable to its authority, and ready at any moment todlo forits prestige and power, From Bucharest to Busserah thors would be no law save tho will of a Mussulman mob.” In contomplating this miserable prospect, the Spectator ix not certain that even En- glish interests would be safe, and upon this Point it eloquently says:s, . = Turkey powerless and emendable to pressure may, to men who care for nothing on earth but dividends, sevtn a desirable nelghbur; but Turkey telovigorated, lntlated with pride, and sore because she mistook the opinion of Lord Ueacoxertsio for the vptoton of Euzland, would be os dangerous & “* protector” as the Indian route could bare, quite a4 dangerous as Russia could over become. How mavy ours would it take svictonous Sultan to stop up the canal, and why should he not stop 1t up? ‘Treatica? The Christians of Balzarla aro canal go to fatten Fnropeans in tall hata, in { theconrerted nection af the moh and ita Tenders? own interest? What earthly mteroat hae a Sultan In enabling clviilzed mankind, already in an inea- ent hurry, fo more abont a tittle faster, Fear? What would there he to fear, when the only army that contd bo brought np to attack Tarkey, when. defying all Enrope, hod been defeated with dis- eredic? Tutkey victorious would ho n positive danger to England. white Runaia defeatet would bean equal danger to peace and order. Upon tho general effects of tho defent of Rossin with reforonco to the pence of Europe, it utters the following warning words, which have all ‘the solemnity of o patriarch’s prophecy: i A Rueslan defent of tho great kind means uncer> tainty In Europe fora hundred years, adally por albility of combinations, the mere risk of which swonld render commerce insecnre and international learmament imposible, All the dangers which aroee from the Italien desire for freedom, and which arise from the French ilesirn to regain Alsace and Lorraine, wonld he trivial compared with thore which trond spring from Rarsia’s desire to rehabltitate her reputation, ruined by « defeat which avery Resatan would regard as we should onrexpnision from Southern India by the armies ofthe Nizam, Indeed, it ia more than probable that the danger wonld not be kept off even for a tlme, and that Rnesia, unable to bear dofent tn the one gront work sho hina attomptad to do for cévill~ zation, would offer torms ta Germany atch an would change tho map of Enrope, and porhiws in- votre the whole Continent in war. Tho horrible consequences of Rusginn dc. feat nro not overcolored by tho Spectador, It will not only entail frosh misery and suffer- ing upon the Sclavos, already growad down into the dust, but must plunge all ‘Europe into confnsion for yenra, paralyzing: com. merce and industry, and turning overy na- tion into a camp of war. It is on!y somo myatorious, wo might almost say miriculour, interposition which can now prevaut those dire consequences, TOM SCOTT ON THE STRIEE. Tho association of the n@me of Col. ‘Tnowas A. Scorr with an article on tho ro- cent ral.road strike could not fall to provo attractive, and tho editor of tho orth American Review, in securing such a con- tribution, evinced tho samo notable enter- prise and good judgmont that have marked the conduct of that poriodical for somo months past, Whilo Col. Scort’s articlo is an agreeable surprise in the caso and direct~ ness of tho atylo in which it is written, and whilo it is an intelligent prerontmont of tho results and economic conclusiona that follow the striko, thor fs little in it which has not been moro elaborately stated in tho wide nowspapor discussion of tho subject. Ho docs not consider as fully os he wasina position to do the causes that led up to tho strike, but loaves the impression that it was dus to “puro cnsscdness,” If it is true, oF rumored, that Ool. Scorr’s Company hw: j ordered restoration of the 10 per cert reduction which wns tho provocation of the strike, then ith oer ho is unjust in putting out tho in. ference that thero was no excuse for tho strike, or olso he virtually admits that tho managers of his Companies made'n conces- sion to the strikers under the mennco of vi. olence and tho terrorism of the mob, which ia certainly a dangerous precedent. » While denouncing the couduct of the mob avery- where, Col. Scorr takes ocension to vindicnto tho railroad omployes by assorting that thoy were not the mon who burnod depota and destroyed property, but that the incendin. rism and plunder wera committed hy the viclous clasacs who surrounded thom. At tho saino time, the railroad strikors were the nneleus, and furnished the provocation for every mob that grow out of tho strike, Tho responsibility roate primarily upon them, It was not that thoy struck, which thoy had a right to do, but that they sot tho example of Jowlersnoss by detaining trains ond assum ing control of othor mon’s preporty, whir:h mado them tho. inciters nud atettors of the scenes of carnage and devastation which fol- lowed, ol Scorr ostimates that 90 pot cent of the railway omployos wero {nithful to tho intorest of the Compnnies, and tle st tho original malcontents did not number more thon 10 per cont, Thoro ia certain'y good reason why this onght to-bo trua in the fact elted by Col. Scorr, and generally sdmitted indeed, that tho railroads for somo ti mo past havo beon losing instead of making money, that thoy havo reduced thoir rates to arch figures as alono could havo onabled tho vari- ous manufacturing interests to continue bus. inoss, and that they themsalves hava ndhorod to tho policy of rotaining a very much larger forco of employos than haa beon nocoasary out of consideration for their omployes, In tho faco of this, it ia pretty certain that tho malcontonts among the omployes numbored moro than 10 por cont of tho whole, and that evon those classes of employes who did not actively join in the strike of the flromon and brakemon gave the latter their sympathy and oncouragement, Tho important fentura of Col. Scorr's paper ia his urging of thosame Congressional action which Tux Trrnunz suggested during tho continuance of the atriko and has ad- yocated ever ainoo, viz; 1, That laws bo enacted giving tha Goneral Governmont direct juriadiction whenover commorco is obstructed on railways, which aro intor-Stato highways for transportation as much ns rivers and lakes; and 2, Such an {norcase of the army as will onable tho distribution among the largo citios aud important rail. way centres, for rapid movemont, of a suf. ficlent force for the prompt suppression of anob violence, and the thorough enforcement; afthe orders of tho United States Courty,, ween the operation of anter-Stato rail. wa ysis violently obstructed. Many porsons. pro fess to boliove that it will be years boforo ther 2 will bo another general and organized, railx ad strike throughout the country. But. this kh, at best, 9 mero matter of opinion, and is certainly a feeble argument ogainst, the nevwasity for providing aduquate ma- chinory for resisting it when it shall come, whether soome or Inter. ‘Tho arguments in favor of ‘national jurisdiction for tho pro- tection of tho rallroads are familiar to readors of Tux Tainuns, and indeed aro obvious enough; but wo make the following extract from Col. Scort’s paper: With our secoutex perience bofore us, it te be- Moved that no thouglitful man can arguc in fayor of delay by the prop sr authorities in dealing with, lawlessond riotous assemblag: Delay vimpiy Ivads to desteuction @f property, aud may load *n destructlon of Iii ‘The force usad to represe such assem blagos should be 83 pronipt. in ita manifestation at the evil with which it derJs, ‘The intercate concornt dare too grave to admit of delay. Tho raising uf the black flag and the stop- pagu of all vessels on the great Iskes and on the ‘Misissippl and Oblo ‘vers would not produce ono tthe of the damage to ybe whole country that has fesulted from the reasut stoppage of thu screat trunk lines, The burning of the vessols and their cargoseon those waters would ralso # storm of ‘wrath which no mob wou.'d dare to face, and would be visited by the United Statce Government, under existing lave, with most exemplary panishment. Bat what distinction can £0 established Ditween such a crlow and the hideous destruction at Pitts burg of over cighteen .undred care Ieden with the products uf the various States, togetuwr ‘with the cagince ready to move thom to their des- (nation, and the station buildings and machine abops that wore sbeolutely essa utial to thelr proper cate and me ent, and which with other ‘tke do- inge resulted in thu stoppage of all cowmerce and Dusincas relations bedweon the States, not only on immedin.o Besrantoud by tresties. Profit? The profits of the |.one bighwey, but ongmacy Lnportant lines, through | sido, and a demand for incrensed wages equally resisted on the other mde, Whoo In the City of Plutahurg much human Ife and many private dwellings and other property were aacrl> ficed as the result of mob violence; Indeed it In al- morta marvel that a large poriton of that city was notdestrayea by fire, Only the prevailing diree- tion of the wind averted greater and more general dlenster, ‘The anthority of the United States, now potent to protect commerce moving npon tho waters, should he equally potent when the same conimerce Wexposed to grenter perll upon land. Thie brings ue, fiten, to the practical question, In what shaps can shia protcetion be pnt snastobe extended mast eMtently and with the least delay? ‘The prerent re guintionsnll favor, unintentionally, the rioters and {ho mob, Intho fest place the Mayor of city must Oxhanat hie power, the Sherif of the county mast eneny hinatrenath; then, while pecclous time tn expending—fora moh constantly attracta dangerons elements and crows with impunity and snccoss— the Governor of the State tm be called upon by the Sherif of aconnty, If the State happens to havo an effective miliary organization, which at the prerent time fr the cazo in porhapa not more than five ont of tho thitty-soren States of the Union, the Governor ean call out the militery forces and suppress the Hot. If the tate haa no ench organization, or if the military forces of the State prove Inadequate to the emergency, the Gave ernor Ie paralyzed and must call pon the United States fur asristance, If tho anthorltics of any State should, for any canse, failor refuse to cath upon the United States Government, what possible remedy or protection ts Ieft to life and proporty withly the Hmita of that Commonseatth? ‘There is ono point of this discussion which Col. Scorr has ignored altogother. He de. aires, nado most thinking and Jaw-nbiding nen, that Congress shall invest: the United Statea Courts with authority to act directly in tho case of all railronds which nre ob- structed by violence, as well as in the case of those that happen to be in the hands of o Receiver; but he omits all mention of the anggestion that a system of arbitration shall bo framed by Congresa, and intrusted to tho United States Courts, with provision for a *rtruck jury” in each ense. «It would have beon valuable if Col. Scorr had stated tho ruling opinion of tho railrond moanngera on this phnso of tho matter, It is not enough that the Government shall preparo to deal with violence and crush out insur- rection; tho loss to the ratlronds and tho commerce of the country will still continuo to bo serions until thera shall ho some agreed system for adjusting the differonces between. the companies and employes without ntrikes or the interruption of tho railway trafflo which strikes ocension, even whan there is no violent obstruction of the ronds, As long os humno nature’ remnins what it is, it is pretty certain thats proposed reduction of wagen will always be resisted on the ono tho isano is once mado, the porsistoucy of both parties is usually strong enongh to pro- eipitnto a strike, which necessarily results in 0 loss to both parties. If, then, a system ean bo agreed upon which shnil promise a fair probnbility of bringing out tho equities of tha case nud adjusting the differences nc. cordingly, much strife and loss may be spared to hoth railronds and their employes. It is to this suggestion that the able men of Con- gress shonid givo na much ns attention ns to the mcans for promptly suppressing violouce whon it ngscrte itsolf, ——__—— FROM HAND TO MOUTH. It fs in some respects an unfortunate con- dition to be in, to bo living from haud to mouth; for thts familinr phrasa describes tho stato a man isin who doy by day earns onty onough to supply immediate wante. Thohand gaina just tho food required by Uio month, and the mouth consumes each day all that the hand can procure, Tho consequence ia that, .if tho nand is mado weak by sickness, or finds no work to do, even for the briof period of n few days, the month goes linngry and the stomach empty, or cleo the tongue murt ase private charity, or inquire the way to the public poor-house, This perpetual fight to keep tho wolf from the door, asnnothor of the people's phrason puts it, iano doubt not wholly an evil. It is part of that strugglo for existence to which overy grade and genoration of animal existenco falls hoir on this carth. Evory- whore it is tho great inwardnoss which keeps the animal triben in motion, Hynger and tho nocossity for individnal notion to obtain | food are what send tho bird flying through the air, and tho fish through the water; aro what impel tho ox to graze in tho pasture, ani the lion to lenp from the thicket. Man, having a body, must como under the samo Jaw with humbler natures, Evory day he must havo food, and evory day ho must labor to obtain tho food. Ho that will not work roust mako up hin mind to starvo. We havo said that this is not wholly an ovil, ovon in its moro pressing forms. Whilo work in general is absolutely 9 benefit to moan in gonoral, to mind and hoart na woll as to body, so tha nocossity of rognlar dally work ix moroa Dlossing than a curse. ‘Tako tho mass of mon, with tho nvorago lack of antolligence nnd moral oulturo'‘nnd strength, wof physical appotites and passions, and it would bo no benefit to them could thoy support themaolyes by working one-half of tho time, Evory othor day apent in idloness would result in untold mischief to them in. dividually nnd to tho intorosts of svoloty, It is uot a bad thing to have a steady pros- sure on the average man which shall seldom lot up even for no single day; to have him know that, if the hand intermits work, the mouth will clamor in valn for bread. ‘Tho atomach is a mainupring of great power iu human sovloty ; aud, as the family te the unit of socloty, it is gonerally 9 queation of four of five stomachs, Now, this rolation of hand to mouth {s beneficial within ita normal conditions, which aro that tho hand shall havo strongth and inclination to work, and that the work ahall be regularly waiting for it, in sufficient quantity and with sufticlent remuneration to supply the proper wants of existence curing the usual term of life, The majority of mankind havo alwaya lived out their allotted term in precisely thoso olr cumstances, and must continue so to do, No wishes, no theorizing, no rebellion, can fundamentally change the problem, But then we must consider the abnormal facta which may be introducod into the problem to aggravate the prossure. ‘To bo entirely adjusted to his surroundings, the Jaboring man must cara a little over (even if it ba but the slightest fraction) the amount needed for the day’s support for himself and family, because He must caloulate for more or less sickness and for the declining powars of old age. Hutit he fails to remember this with proper forethought, and spends lavishly as he goea, living above his reat means, he will surely come to want inthe end. Or if— which, alas! is but too common—ho drops into viclons habits, which are always expen- sive; if ho thinks it necessary to his happi- nosg fo spend liberal sums for liquor and tobacco, he will find himself too heavily weighted for tho race beforo him. To say uothing of moral consequences in this con nection, be cannot afford it peouniarily. Virtue, temperance, prudence, aud economy are absolutely necessary to save him from pauperism, "And he ought to kaow that this is so clear to all men of common sense that thoy will feel correspondingly little pity for (TF = =o lia misfortunes, if he livos recktensly, on the opposite principle, and then finds himsolf ponniloss in s timo of emergene That emergenoy may coma not only in the form of sicknoss and nge, but also of a fon. eral Anancinl depression, which sattlos upon, all branchoa of industry in the whole Jana, At auch a timo, when capital fs forced to go withont its usual profits, Inbar ns sure; reust fail of work, or must accopt itn ASAE. Jy reduced remuneration. Thon {5 the time whon freodom from vico and habits of econ, otoy havo their rewart in tho amonnt © laid hy: for n rainy day,” and in the ability to tive eg utontedly on narrow means, But it would be both unwise and inhaman for thoso who do not live so directly trom hind to month to overlook the intorcate of th 3 poorer classes, Tho incesyant pressurg of which wa have spoken may ho necassae: acd, all things considored, oven wise, but it is novertholeas wearisome to botly and ming acd ft bocomos naoro temptation to ey}, whion the occasional distross comes. No ong cf us likos to be nubjectod to it, and wa con. gr itulato ourselves if ovon a little earier pos, ticn oan be secured, Cortainly then wo should sympathize with thoso whora tity evur borders ttpon sant, and wo should aim to study social and industrial problems from thatr point of view. While wo steniily ro, aint violonce and -Jonounco ovorything that snvo ra of savagery, wo mutat nat fail ty nym. pathize with mon who have families behing them nnd little or no work before them, Such men feel moro than thoy reason, nnd oven in trying to ronson thoy shapo their con. olnsions to meotiz g the immediate omergency in their own affairs often by the UNWisegt, mothods, It ii the wisdom of tho Detter taught and ‘ihe moro happily circtmstance) to doal justl¢ and tenderly with them, and to encourage thom in habits of virtue and thrift, And here wo gain n fresh causo of indigny ton ogainst the fraudulent or tho carclea; management of savings banks, in which the Anboring clas ies oro nccustomed to placa the little nurplts of their scant enrnings. The loss of thelr money through such 4 causo jx to moat of thom a crnol misfortuno; and the worst of if. fs, that it not only disappoints hopo, readera frultlesa years of pest economy, and = entaila = futnro sng. fering, tut it shakes confldenco in all such institutions, aud tempts tho poor to think that pradance ia no better than im providence. Muorcovor, it embitters thos of n morbid disposition, and leads thom to baliove that savings banks aro only hypocrit. ical contrivancns to onablo the rich to get posession of the savings of the poor ns means of xpoculation, And how can they ‘avaid the suspicion, at loast when thoy ‘ara confronted with euch au oxhibit an hasbeen mado of tho operations of tho State Savings Bank of this city, and whon thoy learn that every attompt to secure nn act of logislation requizing regular publishod statements of tho condition of thseo institutions, and their subjection to oficial inspoction, is success. fully resisted by the banks in quostion? It is tino that one-half of the world did know how tho other half lives, and that thon to two halves sleuld co-oporate wisely und sympathetically for the benefit of the whole, = Ses’ THE PACIFIC RAILWAY SWINDLES, Tho whole Pacific Railroad job of 1881-3 turned ont ts bo a swindle, and it soomi that those con uected with it are determined to maintain its charnctor as a sivindlo to ths Inst, Whon ‘Qaxrs Axry went to Washing: ton and placed tho Crodit-Mobilier shares whore they woul do tho most good, ther Was not w griater offort mado to obtain cou. trol of Coug reas and secure swindling logis lation than there in at prosont, The latest debt statom ant shows that, tho qcogunt bs. twoen the United Stato? “and iha soveral Pacifio Railroads is as follows : Government ‘Yvonds outstandin: Intorest pald by Unitert Staten, Interest due and not paid... ‘Total advasnced by United ftatos..3101,: Interest ropald by teanepottation ce ow aad Balan fine {9 tho Unitad States een Tho bonds matu , 80 ther are oightaon or twoaty yoars’ additional intorost to acoruo, at the rato of {33,850,000 a yon, which, after doduoting for ropayment of transportation, will Jenve $5,000,000 to $60,000,000 to bo mlded to the $92,551,126 already due, Tho oontracts havo boon #0 manipulated by past legislation that no part of this Intorost ia col’.cotable until tho matur. ity of tho bonds, and tho wholo is sedurad by asocond mortgnge only, At tha Inst session of Congross there wasn moasura reported, through tho procursmont of tho allway Companies, which was . vigorously snp Ported in the Benato, and was only dofoated by the thorough oxposuro made of it by Son- ator Boor, This measuro was to onnble the Companies to pny off this dobt nt little or no cost to thomsolves, Tho samo sohemo is proposed substantially In a lottor by Binyer Dixon, President of tne Union Pacifle ail. way Company, to tho Neorstary of the Treas ury. Moe writes with roforonne to that por ton of the debt which is owing by his Com- pany, His offer of sottlement, which is somowhat complicated, is thus explained by tho Now York “imes: ‘The letter of Mr. SioNKY Ditto, Provident ot . the Union Pacific Rallway, to tha Secretary uf tho Troaeury, proposing a actilement with the Gore ernment for its prospective claims agaluet tho Company, offers to pay inte the Treasury $250, KH) each half ycar forten years, $375,000 cach half year for the succcoding ton ycars, and $400,000 each half yoar therrafusr, Interest tu bo com pounded half-yearly at G@ per cent, untit the «um so accrulng shall be equa) to tho Government mortgage on the road, reckoned with slmple inter est tothe same date, It will be noticed that thy easence of thle proposed acttlement is that when the Government's claim on account of tho subsliy matures, about tho year 1807, Mr. Dittox Proposes to borrow chy money from tho (lov- ermment a second tims on the samu terms as tho orginal lusn, bot ot a lower rate of inte: Payments of $250,000, half-yearly, with compound interest st G per cent, will amount in ten years to $4,717,608. This sum, with semni-angual increments of $475,000) with Interest compounded in Hko manner, will amount in the next ten yoara to $24,20),005, ot which tlme tho whole indebtedness fella duc, ‘Tho Present Indedtedness of the. Company to tho Guv+ ernment pelng $37,002,176, and the annual in- terest on the subsidy bonds being $1,034, 100, the whole indebtedness, whoo It fails due, nndor tho plan, will bo $70,285,070, minus $22,209, (5— be., $48,070,911. This {6 the sum which l'resl- deut Ditton gravely proposes to borrow from tha Government, st a fixed interest charge of $1,034. - 100--[ntorest and principal to be repaid whenever the rules of compound jnterest running lo bie faror, af 6 por cent, shall overtake wlmple iuterest tanning in favor of the Government, at ¥4-10 pet cont. ‘Chere aro probably other compantes and iu- dividuale who would like to borrow frum the Gov- ernment on the same torme. It is hardly necessary to point out the dis- honesty of this scheme, The Company now owes the United States ‘an arearage of twelvo years’ interest, less a amall sum repaid by transportation. ‘ho United States aro to continns to pay this Intorest at 6 per cent for eighteon or twenty years to come, gotting no interest on these advances, ‘Iho Companys inatesd of paying any part of this iuterest, offers to pay into the Troasury a small sum annually, for which it is to bo credited, uot on what the Company owes, but as asiukivg fund a compound interest, ‘Tho original