Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 18, 1877, Page 4

+ Address 4 Che Aribare. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, BY MATT-—=IN ADVANCR—POSTAGE PREPAID, Daily Fititton, ono year... Nailed to say stdvent fou el toa : Runway Tl Literary and ‘One copy, per sent Cinb of ten., Club of tweni Specimen cop! ‘To prevent delay and mistakes, be ante and give Post ‘Ofer address in full, Inelnding State and County, Kemittances may bo made either by draft, exnresy Fost-Office order, or In registered letters, at our risk. TERMS TO CITY SUNSCRIDERS, Daily, delivered, Kunday excepted, 25 cents per week, aatly, delivered, Sunday Included, 20 cents THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madteon and Vearborn-ata., Chicago, Ill. Ordera for tho detlvery of Thy Taintse at Evanston, Englewood, and Hyde Park teftin the counting-room whl recetye prompt attention, TAMU! MeVicker’s Thentre. ‘Madironatreet. hetween State aud Dearborn, **8er- aphine.” Mesdames Meek, Saye, Price, etc.; Messrs. ‘Wheelock, Ilamilton, Pearson, otc, Afternoon and evening. Hooley’a' Thentres Randolph street, hotween Clark and LaSalle. En- gagement of te Union-Squaro Company. After- noon, " Smike.” Evening, ** Sissy Multon.” Mesdames Morrla, Heron, Jewett, etc. 3 Messrs. O'Nell, Parselie, Btoddart, etc. Adecipht Theatre. Monroe street, corner of Dentborn. Engagement of J. TE, Mack's Metropolltan Olympiad. The La Rue Yamily, the Great Lolo, etc. Afternoon anderening. Tase-Ball Park. ‘Twenty-third and Btate strecta, Game between the St. Lonis and Chicago Ctubs MIRIAM CHAPTER, No. 1, ©. E. 8. meets this Saturday) evening at 730 O'clock, sk Accoria Tall aot itandolpivat, Business of great Importance ‘willbe brought betare the mecting.. “Alt members af6 Pct Lo Di and payinent of dure, sunimoned Oe TB IT. Me HOLTZLAS DEI Bec. SATURDAY, AUGUST 18, 1877, OHIGAGO MARKET SUMMARY, ‘Tho Chicago produce marketn were generally active and wenk yesterday, Mess pork closed 20 @25e per bri lower, at $12.60 for September and $12.57% for October, Lard ciosed 1he per 100 be lower, at $8.50 for September or October, Moats were tame, al 4c for loone ahouldera and Gc for do short ribs, Lake freights wore active and easy, at 4c for cor to Buffalo. Iighwines were ateady, at $L68 per gallon, Flonr wan less active, and very weak, Wheat closed 14@1Xc lower, at OMe for August and 03%c for Baptember, Corn clored K@Ne lower, at 43¢ for August and 4230 for September, Oats clored 4@X%c lower, at 2340 caah and 23¢ for September. Rye was caaicr, at 524% @53e, Barley closed tc tower, at O8e for September, Hoge were doll, and &@100 lower, closing weak at $4.60@5.30, Cattle wore fn light demand ot Thursday's prices; eates at $2,00@5.40. Sheep were {inactive and nominal. One hundred dollars in gold would buy $105,756 In grecnbacka at tho close, Groonbacks nt the New York Stock Ex. ‘chango yeaterday closed at 047, Teen Cxoun, Srorren Tam, and Lrrrm Bia Man oro on their way to Washington to perfect arrangements for farther massacres of the whitos, Mom Pasna is named og tho probablo ‘Tarkish Ambassador at Vienna. He is said to linve beon offered tho mission to Parla, but profers tho Austrian Capital. A Washington dispatch says the Mongolian Commission appointed by Congress havo agrood tg report in discouragemont of any farther immigration of chop-nticks, Considerable interest attaches to the visit of Princo Bissanck to Berlin next weok for & conference with the German Emperor, ‘These two peoplo never talk together without saying somothing. ‘The Presidont’s progress through Vermont has beon in tho nature of a continuous ova. tion, Tho offlco and the man seem to im. press tho Greon Mountain folks as a com- bination of unusual excellence, + Wilkesbarro ig up her jail with lead- ers in tho late riot. In the largor mines the men havo gone back to work at tho rates for which they contondod, though those who wero prominent inthe moro recent raids on tho pumps wero discharged and locked up, ee Reinforcemonts for the Rueaian army in Bulgaria aro being sent forward at a rate which will soon onable the resumption of of- fousivo operations, The railroads botwoen &t. Potersburg and Kiecheneff are trat ing troops toward the front at tho rate of 12,000 daily, ———_—E—_ More encouraging reporta como from the fomine-stricken area of Indio, Prices are ensier, ond, notwithstanding tho continued drought, the crop prospects are better, Aid for tho sufferers ongages tho attention of the charitable, and tho system of reliof having been greatly simplified, tha work is accom. plishing material good. MuacMunon 5 reply to an addross from the Prosident of tho Court of Appeals at Caon, that ho was not anxious for tho suc. ecxs of any particular party, his sole sollol- tude being on account of principles that were the foundation of society, cte. He might have told this to the marines with a fair Prospect of having it swallowed whole, Gen, Gipson telographa to army hoad- quarters a fow details of the pursuit of tho Nez Perces. He isat Deer Lodge, and rapidly recovering, while troops are hurry- ing from all directions to join Howarp. An- noyed and jncumbored by their wounded, tho Indians move alowly, and Ginzow thinks that the coming attack upon them will provo their ruin, ——$___. ‘The foreign polloy of Bervia has precipl. tated a revolution in the Ministry, and sev- eral resignations have been sent in, though our fellow-citizens of Chicago will learn with pleasure that only those of Mossrs, Srwrcna and Miorxovitcn have been accepted, Mr, Rustics, having some cognominal advantages in the way of pronunciation, hes been ap- pointed President of the Council. ——————— Harvest expectations in Minnesota havo been more than realized in the yield as acer. tained sinco threshing began. The wheat crop of this wonderful grain-producing State is now set down at the enormous total af 35,000,000 bushels, leaving a surplus for export of fro: 20,000,000 to 28,000,000 oushela, The aversge yield throughout the State is now estimated at twenty bushels to ‘he acre, ees It ia considered probable in Washington that the Prosident, ou his return from New England, will institute a careful search for the lony-deferred resignation of Mr. A, B: Conxext, cither of his place on tho National Republican Committee or his position of Naval Officer at New York. Now that Sena- tor Conxxivg has returned, Mr. Cosyztn probably has his mind made up as to hiscourse in regard to the order of tho Pre: is prepared not to be surprised to. self removed from the Federal There is no conccivable reason why an ex- ception shonld be made in the case of Mr, Conxrtt,—not even the font of incurring theenmity of Senator Conxrrxa,—and it may therefore be set down ans cortnin thot tho President will enforce the rule. Rervico. Thoro has been a grievons misundorstand- ing between tho antborities at Washington and the Dominion Government, Canada docs not propose to dispatch a Commissioner with the Fedoral Committeo on Sirrtxo Bunn, as reported, but merely to detail n mounted policeman, If President Inyoa shonld send n Police Justice or a connty jail to co-oparate with him, the ayndicate would be complete and some good might be effected. In the light of the radical alterations in the Russian plana and positions during the past fow weoks the letters ara of peculiar in- torest which we print this morning, written 8 month ago by Tae Tarpuxe correspondent at Tirnova, and two days. later with Gen. Govaxo's adventurous column making way through Schipka Pass, Things did not turn out as anticipated, the Russian progress toward Adrianople having beon rudely inter- rupted. Particulars of the burning of the steamer City of Madison Thursday night point tho finger of blame at the second engineor di- rectly, and W. ©. Wrowrs, one of the own- ers, collaterally. ‘The recond engineer hnd been discharged for drunkenness, but was taken back by Wrnsten because ho was will- ing to work for $5 por month, while good mon demanded $40. Priorto starting onthe yoyage the man had been drinking bard, somo of the officers say, and about 2 o'clock in the morning he was found asleep at his post, the boiler overheated, and a blow-np threatened, Ho was awakened, but shortly after the firo was discovercd, ond the steam- er burned rapidly, hor passengers and crow, seventeen all told, barely escaping with their lives, It is, perhaps, o consoling reflection to Mr. Wien that, while thera is no in- surance on the vessel, he saved 16] conts for the day on which hia cheap man worked. AMERIOAN NUE AGE IED AND PROTEC- To the Eattor of The Tritune. Torre, Il, Aug. 17.—Tho editorial npon **Our Foreign Trade and Debt," printed In the tasue of the 10th {nst., has made a great impression upon me. If itieso that the removal of the protective policy will—as you teach—enable our factories and shops not only to supply the home market, but the world, Lam, for one, heartily in favor of tt. I do not care for the fact that all my brother-workmen. ‘Aro clamorous for more tariff, af posable, but tariff any way nit iaif it can't be elevated, I do not caro for that, or any other consideration that I have heard advanced, {f. you can domonstrate that the substitution of ‘*frea-teado” principles for those of protection will soon give ns work in plen- ‘ty, for we sca farmers—who conntitute the great bulk of the peoplo—buay, all transportation agen- cles busy, but manufacturers, both cuployers and employer, aro almost altogether in enforced {dle- ness. Ihave held to protection doctrines as tho appte of my cye, and I could not sce any diminu- tion of duties without real pain, becanee 1 was stecl-worker, and I had seen an industry establish- ed—viz, : Bessomer steel making—that I bolleved, and still belleve, contd not have been established but forthe protection policy. Still I saw wages Boing down, tariff atillas {t was previous to the Teduction of wagos, wages still falling, and fall- ing; Mnally, work became infrequent and spas- modic, until this year up to Aug, 1 tho Jollet Iron and Steel Company's mills did not work half time. I was slowly forced to tha conclusion that 1 had overrated tho strongth of protectlon, and, {f you can freely, fairly, and forcibly show us that the idol in false and that free trade will do for us what. it hae dono for England, I will for ono embraco it and be glad to drop s burden and embrace a truth, Bat Is it nota balf-trath? Did not protection build up America ag itdid England? Is it not a tactor in the national growth as essential ae milk to an {n+ fant? It!sagoud time to teach workingmen new ideas. Stxei-Wonken. ‘There should bo no misunderstanding as to torms, Wo havo never understood that any person in this country has seriously ad- vocated, or advocates now, tho abolition of tariff duties, and the establishment of froo trade, Free trade is not tho alternative of protection, and we have no question that there ara thousands of porsons who belicve that a repeal of alldutics on imports must be tho substitute for protection, Ono corro- spondent writos asif that wero his judgmont, ‘Tho reason that farmers, who constitute so Inrgo o proportion of the whole pooplo, aro busy, have abundance, and aro substantially prosperous, while manufacturers are other- wise, is, that the former class have not only the home, but a foreign market, They pro- duce not only to meot the demand for home consumption, but they produco a surplus for salé in the foreign market. This foreign mar. ket is agreatreliof, ‘Though but n compar. atively small proportion of the agricultural products of the United States finds its way to other countries, stil! that proportion con- trols the valuo of tho whole. Tho farmors send their products abroad to enter into competition with the like products of other lands, hoy accept the price that for- eign market affords, not only for tho export, but for that consumed at home, If, how- ever, there wore no foreign market,—if thoy produced nothing to sell, or which they could sell at prices which other countries would give,—the farming business of the country would oxhibit almost as much distress,’ pov- erty, and discontent as prevait among those engaged in manufacturing. It is only neces- sary to inquire what would be the offect of restricting agricultural production to the aup- ply of home consumption. We have hoard of corn being burned for fuel, but if the markot for agricultural produots, like that for manufactures, were limited to home con- sumption, then the whole surplas production of every kind would become food for the flames. It would be costly fuel. It is true tho farmers would have food and fuel, but they would lack the means to purchase overy- thing necded not produced on the farm. The spinning-wheel and home- made cloths, lome-made shoes, and the countless wants now supplied by the manufacturers, would assume thoir Primitive form, ‘Thelr means of obtaining {frm-machinery would be gone, as well os their ability to renew their soil, improve their stock, or pay for buildings and fences, It is noedteas to point out how the destruc. tion of the market for agricultural products would destroy the home market forthe man- ufactures which the farmers cousume. American manufacturers ryoduce, and have produced over sincé thy enacttwent of tha tariff, their goods at too groat = cost to sell them in foreign markets, Thelr policy has been to manufacture exclusively for the domestic market, and not for exportation, ‘aeeking by larger priceson a limited pro- duction to make greater profits. There have been some exceptional cases, but the rule hea been general. A striking instance of this occurred just after the panic, The iron- manufocturers, who had an immense stock of iron which they held at protected prices, shipped it to Canada aud found cale thero for it to the amount of five or six millions of dollars, There was a market within three days’ travel, which they had persistently SATURDAY. AUGUST 18, 1877—-TWELVE PAGES, avoited, and whieh they might have occn- pied for wany years previous, A. reason for tho non-production of manu- foctures in this country ata cont admitting their exportation ir, that, whilo protected by tho high tariff, they wero also mbjected to its penalties, They wero oxceasively taxed on conutleas raw materials. They were com- pelled to poy tribute asin price of recoiving some tribite back. A result was that they woro placed nt a great disndvantago in com- petition with foreign rivals, In England tho mannfactnrera are not thus oppressed, The world is open to them to get their raw mn- terial, Every atticlo or material, of what- ever description, needed in any branch of manufactures is ndmitted free of tax, so that the manufacturer, having everything , ho needs at tho lowest cost, can prodnco his Goods nt the lowest possible price. The trade of the world deponds on the price of the thing sold. Whoever ean produco at the least cost can sccnro tho trade, It has beon stated that tho difference of: half a cent in tho cost of producing a square yard of cotton cloth will decide the possession of the world’s trade in cotton goods, Ourcotton-manufactnrors are taxed, for protection purposes, heavily and oppres- sively on o long list of articles needed in their business. So with the woolentrado, At a recont meoting of the woolon-mannfactur- era in this city there was prosonted n protest from porhapsa dozen American manufacturing chomists againat any reduction of the dutics on dyes and other chomicals, though it is notorious that, if theso heavy taxes on raw materinl were repealed, American woolen goods could: be produced and exported ata profit, Instead of producing for the home market alono and working on half timo, tho machinery and tho labor might be omployed continuously, the surplus finding the forcign market, as does the surplus corn, whent, pork, cheese, and other products of the farm, We willingly odmit that a protective tariff seemed for a time to help our manufacturing interests, so long as tho home market was not overdone, But the enormous bounties offered by the high tariff, the temptations it offered to cnpital to onyage in tho protected induairy, so stimulated production that capi- tal and. Inbpr wero invested far beyond the want for consumption, There was no for- eign market for the surplus, and the mann. facturors became competitors, and the over- atock was either sold at a loss or depreciated in the warchonse. It did not take long for the early profits to be wasted, aud, whoro thore wore threo milly at work whero ono was equal to supply the consumption, capital bad no profits, and labor was moro or less unem- ployed half tho time. Tho mannfaclurers of the United States enjoy many ndvantagea denied to other conntrics. Wo havea liboral supply of all the metals; of iron, our stock is inoxhausti- ble and of unequaled qnality for many pur- poses. Wo are supplied with coal in abund- ance. Wo have tho bulk of the raw materials for oll lines of manufactures. Wo havo un- equaled means of transportation. We havo the Inbor, tho skill, and tho mnchinory. Aboyo and more important than all, wo havo cheap food, Wo stand midway betweonu Europo and the groat Empires beyond the Pacific. We are in tho centro of our own continent. Why should American labor and capital Ignore the great markots of tho globe, and produce only for our own comparatively small family? As well might the stcel-mills at Joliet refuse to mako atecl to be sont ont of the Stato of Iilinols, as for the mann. {ncturers of tho United Statos to rofuso to mako goods to be sold to the rost of man- kind. If tho homo market can be supplied by tho prosent labor and machinery, working on ono-third time, and that Iabor and ma- chinery can bo employod on full time, work. ing day and night forces, to produco for tho forcign markets, why should wo ad- hero to tho limited production? Is thero any principlo of patriotism which pro- hibits a mon making steol in Iinois to bo soldin England, but allows him to sell tho corn raised in this State to tho British ? And, if the mon now having work for only threo daysin the week making goods for homo consumption, can find employment the rest of tho week making goods for the forolgn market, why should not the increased pro- duction and labor be encoursged and pro- moted by tho repeal of ‘very restriction or prohibition imposed by law? ‘Thera ix no reason why the United States, blessed with oll tho advantages wo haya named, should not become tho great seat of tho world’s trado in manufactures, But, to do this, manufactures must be mado froe,— freo of all burdens aud bountics, ‘Thoy should be placed on an equal footing with those of other Jands, and then let skill, genuine, and invention decide the question of excellonce and cost. If we dare not competa in these respocta, thon that is the ond of it. Jf, being free, wo can succossfully compete, that law is criminal which prohibits such competition aud enslaves labor. SECRETARY SHERMAN'S SPEECH. Secretary Suenman last night made a speech in Mansfeld, O., in which he dis cussed several topics, From his position as Secretary of the ‘Treasury, his views on the subjoct of finance have been expected with much interest, We regret to ssy that he failed to throw any new light on the subject, or to clear up doubtful points; he failed to point ont how tho Government would be abla to redoem tho greonbacks in January, 1879, or how he expected todo it, exceptin » timid, irresolute sort of way, which leaves a very unsatisfactory impression on the mind, He did not vonture beyond # glittering genorali- ty. ‘The nearcat ho came to a decided opinion was, that the easiest and moat direct mode of resuming upecie-payments was to exchange national bonds for groonbacks,. This course, which ho said the holders of the unredeemed notes had the right to expect from a dofault- ing debtor, was forbidden by law. He conld only issue the bonds at par for gold. He claimed that, under the Resumption law, he was authorized to sell 5, 4$, and 4 per cent bonds, and with the coin proceeds redeem the greenbacks, Up to this time no bonds had been sold for that purpose. But Becre- tary Buruwan forgot to add that the 5 per cont bonds are exhausted, and he might hava eafely added that the sale of 4 or 4} percent bonds for coin at par, to an amount neces- sary to redecm $360,000,000 of greenbacks at the rate of $140,000,000 to $175,- 000,000 o year, is altogether im- probable, and, in fact, impossible, and wit break down completely if tried. ‘This highly important fact he scarcely al- ludes to, but dismisses glmost without no- tice, Ho refers tow construction of the Re- suniption act under which he, might sell bonds for gold, and then sell the gold for groenbacks, and, hoarding the latter, thus outiclpate the timo for resumption; buton this contraction plan he expresses no opinion, The speech is very vague. It abounds with emphatic declarations on points not in issue, and with admirable sentiments on matters of niiuor moment, but carefully avoids any statements of what ho intends to | not only cannot expect to receive a percent- do, or what ought te bo done, on the great question of resumption, Ho exprosses tho opinion that resumption will take place, un- less Congress ropents the act this winter. Bat, if tho Inw is allowed to stand, he door not explain, in n way at all satisfactory, how or whero ho proposes to got the 2360,000, 000 of gold ns fast as it will be required. Tho Socrotary is equally carefal, on tho other important point, to soy nothing as to whether the greonbacks, when redeamed, are to be rejasned, or. whether they can bo reissted and re-redeomed in gold. Ho is opposed to contraction of the currency, he says, and is in favor of redeeming the greon- backs in coin, carefully ignoring the fact that, silver being demonotized, coin menns gold. He avoids all referenco to the fact that the purchase of gold to any Inrgo amount will disturb the gold marketa of Europe. That is a fact which stands in the way of resumption, and difiiculties he overcomes by taking no notice of them! ‘Taking all that part of his speech relating to resumption, the render cannot fail to be impressed with tho striking resemblance betwoon Mr, Sneguan and that other histor- ical financior, Mr. Micawnen, in thoir strong hopefulness, Tho Secrotary insists that he will resume, n8 Mrcawnen did that ho wonld pny, bnt is equally oblivious or indiffor- ent as to how he will do s0, He says the day for rosumption is seventeen months off, and ovidently rests his faith on the assumption that in the interval of time “something will turn up” that will enable him to fruotify his promise. We confess that we aro disappointed in this part of the speech, which practically means nothing, except that the Secretary bas no defined polloy for tho future, or nono that he dare avow, and therefore confines himself to generalities, which aro calculated to increase rather than remove the uncertainty which keeps the country in apprchonsion and alarm. Roseate pictures of the future will not now satisfy the people, Tho people want to know, in regnrd to tho resumption business, what tho Secretary proposes to do, and how itis tobo done. Inthe meantime, the country is drifting toward another crash,—to an annibilation of businosa,—and the Secretary of the Trensury leaves hia Office to tell the people, ‘ Lot her drift; wo will como ont all right, how or whon I do not know; walt and seo if something docs not turn up to save us JUDGE WEST ON THE LABOR QUESTION. Judgo Wear has opened the Republican campaign with a rpeoch delivered at Belle- fontaine, in which he defines his attitude upon the Inbor and currency questions, As the strike is now over, and its excitement has in large mensuro abated, and nx he has had time to reflect upon the criticisms pro- duced by his somewhat unguarded and in- cousidorate, Cleveland speoch, which was born of haste and popular pressure, wo may ssaume that the opinions which he now ox- Presses aro the fruit of his cool and dispas- sionate reflections, In tho present article ‘wo proposo to examino only his position os to the relations of capital and labor. No ono wil! dispute his premises, No ono will deny that the conflict betwoon capital aud labor, which has beon charactorized by sovore national disaster, is the overshadow. ing issno of tho time; that a penceful solu. tion of the existing antagoniam is infinitely proferable to asblution by military force ; that tho intorost and prospenty of capital and labor are inseparable, one from tho other, and that it is ‘the port of wisdom to doviso and apply somo mothod of intermonageniont, which, withogt trouching upon the separate mghts of cither, shatl socuro tha harmonious co-opera- tion of both; which, without disturbing thoir existing rolationship, shall ropross on- tagoniams and secure tho common efforts of each in the common protection and advantage of all." As wo hava sald, no one will deny that this is a consummation devoutly to bo wished for, and, wo may add, whon that con- summation {s reached the world will havo mado along step toward the Millennium, It may bo soriously questionod, however oxcellont Judge West's promisos may bo, whether hia deductions or the remedy which he proposes aro practical oud sufficient. Briefly, his proposition isto adopt and ap- ply in groat indastrial enterprises 9 grada- ated scale of compensation conditioned on net carnings, not by legislation, for “Gov. ernment has no authority to assume jurisdic. tlon of the subjoct,” but by voluntary ar- rangement, Hoe would apply his romody in tho following manner: ‘Let tho capl- talist. proscribo a rensonablo minimum rato of componsation to bo paid at all ovonts, and, in addition thereto, asaamo to distribute among hie laborors at the ond of stated periods an agreod or shecltlod por- contsge of his not earnings forthe same time, If hia business prosperod. tho laborer, from whose toil it aprings, would share hia prospority. If not, ho would acquicsce with contentment in roceiving all that it was in the power of n considerate employer to givo.” We have no doubt Judge Wear is aincere in making this proposition, and honestly be. Neves that it would compass tho results he so ardently longs for. Indeed, he saya; “I have heretofore expressed my confidence in their correctness and practical efficiency, and now repeat that if I, as manoger of acol- Nery or railway line, had tho power to try tho experiment, I would tost the principle with 8 confident assurance of a auccesafal iasue.” We rogrot that he hag never had the opportunity, for opinions based upon practi- cal experience are more valuable than theories, As he declared in his Cleveland specch that he had never owned bonds or stocks, and never would, aud that he had never been at tho head of a corporation, and never would be, of course he can nover mako the test, We must set his proposition down, there- fore, as the theory of a droamer, not the opinions of a practical man based upon actual experience. Asthe Cincinnati Com. mercial recently observed, it ig what Judge West would do had he the making of the world over again, Perhaps it is fortunate that he con never undertake the job, for a barron ideality ia even worvo than a distract- ing reality. Judge West's proposition, outside the fix- ing of an unalterable minimum rato of com. pensation,—-which never could be fixed, of course, because the rate must depend upon the rise or fall of priccs,-—is in all essentials the old system of co-operation, It is an admirable system for the laborer on 8 rising market. 80 long a prices are up and profita are largo, nothing better could be devised for him. He is contented and happy. He is willing to ahare with his employers in the profits, But then there comesatime whon the domand falls off. .Bome rival steps in with improvements which cut off tho busi- ness, or the laws of supply and demand re- duce prices go low that there is no profit in the business, Then he is not willing to share in the losses, There comes atime when be ago from the carninga, but ho muat expect hia wages to bo reduced ton rate warranted by tho market, Co-operation in prosperity is antisfactory, but co-operation in ndvorsity ia not what ho bargained for. Ho resista at once, and if his demands are not granted ho strikes, Other side issues aro involved. Thore ro qnestions of how many hours ho shall work, what he shall receive when he is not working or whon he is sick, and what men and how many mon can be discharged whon there is not work enough for all, All these issues still furthor complicate tho problem nnd tond to dofont co-operation, Mr. Gates and Mr. Cain, of this city, who have worked ont this problem of sliding compensation to thoir own satis. faction and that of thelr workmen, aro ino position to inform Judgo Wrst from actual oxperience of tho impracticability of his proposition. If prices were always high and labor wore always profitablo ; if Inborors wero willing to share losses with employors, and did not oxpect them to mect losses and still pny tho samo wagas; if it were charactoristio of human naturo to bealways contented,—if, in fact, wo wore all alike, omployers and employed, there might be some gleam of hope in Judgo West's remedy. Wo fonr, however, not- withstanding the glowing picture which hg paints of capital and labor, “twin couraors harnessed to the car of progrors, their ensign not of Communism but of concord, benring tho omblem not of crossed swords but of clenched hands,” that tho problom remains just as distracting as over. Tho London Spectator, discussing tho modus operand of French elections, says: “Nothing can be more unlike than English and French electioncoring, A smart ngont in tho confidence of his party, who had pull- ed a candidate through a brisk borough con- teat, wonld Inngh to scorn the tactics pur- sued or the opportunitios lost by the latter.” To this wo might odd, nothing can be moro unlike than English, French, and Amoricon electionesring, and that Mr. ‘Tween wonld Jqugh to scorn both tho smart English agent and the cunning Fronch manipulator at the clumsiness of their methods as compared with his moro diroct aud satisfactory system. Electioncering, however, soems to bo tol- erably well understood in Franco, and thoy surpass usin elegant touches of dotail. M. DE Founrov, who first developed the systom under the Second Empire, is now employed by MaoManon, and shows decided prog- ress since tho days when hoe mon- aged a coup d'etat ond manipulated universal suffrage for Louis Naronron. Tho Prefect is his chiof clectioncoring agent, and, through the Profoct, he tells the Mayor to toll the raloonkceper that he will lose his license if ha doea not go with the Govern- ment, Then all the functionarics of overy doscription are instructed to do and say just what ia proper. Tho Profect must also writa the candidates addrosacs., “If ho is an enorgotic Profect,” says the Spectator, “ho will be sura, as tho day of voting draws noar, to write a letter to two or three Maires, atat- ing that ho has directed tho Chiof of tho Engineora to consider and report upon cor- tain plans foro new branch line connecting certain communea with the trunk line, ond intimating protty plainly at the ond that these patriotic projects might bo reluctantly abandoned if the Govern. ment found the peasantry ungrato- ful or disaffected.” Tle closes up the cafes hocause a spy tolls him thoy discuss pol- itics in thom. Tho professors at the lycoums are sont off to small towns because thoy talk too much, He notifios the village school- masters to stay at home because they aro not ao lable to gossip, He tells tho railroad- conductors they must not carry Republican newspapers on tho trains, and forbida tho nows-stands to sollthem. Tho clubs, Ma- soniomoctings, and literary institutes aro sup- pressed, beoauso they may discuss politics, ‘Tho Republican editors aro arrested, impris- oned,and fined. Pictures of the Republican candidates ara confiscated, and the provinces aro flooded with pictgres of MaoManon mounted upon his flory charger. Fronch eleotioncering, in fact, sooms to ba made up of a complox system of little worrimenta and aggravations, carried out by an claborato plan of espionago, aud involving an ondless deal of trouble, which, aftor all, may have no practical result, ‘Tho English system of olecttoncoring, on the other hand, aims directly at tho voter's pocket and stomach, Tho French agent does not understand how much voting power can be got out of a pound sterling so well as tho English. As the Spectator says: ‘The agent does not take duc care at the outsot of the campaign to secure all the cabarets and ¢a- taminets, so that all good Iquor may flow freely on the aide of purity, probity, and patriotiem, We missln Fronch electioncering the ingenious and famillar devices for cloaking bribory; no well- paid **watchors," as at Sowdley, who watch noth- Ing; thero 1s no oficial corresponding to **thoman in the moon," or practice answering to ** klasing the bapy""; and no crowds of canvasscre, cach of whom has been heavily food. Tho wives of caval- dates do notrun up prodigious billeat all the trades- men's shops as the olection draws near; and their lords do not ecatter cleemosynary coals with prodi- gal bands, and tipsy votera are not ‘*hocussed,"* ‘* bagged," and locked up !n an outhouse uolil the battle isover. There are no champagne breakfaste or heavy auppera given in close proximity to tho day of the election. The American system aurpaases both in that it goes direotly to the pointand roquires yory little machinery. Any unprincipled bummer can manipulate on election in this country, In France and England it requires a certain degree of intelligence, ahrewdnesa, and executive ability, In the United States it requires only cheek and rascality, both of which may exist independent of bralns, Neither the English nor the French have yet acquired the noble art of ballot-box stuffing. We have the English plan of bribery, but it does not play an important part, boing con- fined mainly to promises of office. In the South, candidates are bulldozed or counted out by Returning Boards, In the North, ‘the simple plan ia to turn the election this way or that by stealing the ballot-box and stuffing it.” With all their smartnoss and shrewdness, neither the French nor the En- glish havg yet thought of this simple, easy, direct method of carrying off the ballot. box, taking out one candidate's votes and substituting enough for tho other to elect him. Neither do they seem to have adopted our admirable system for pack- fog conventions, The bummers of Chicago could teach the smartest French or English electionesring agentsa trick worth two of theirs, Mixx Evans could tell M. vz Foun. rou in five minutes how to manufacture » majority of any size for the French Govern- ment, The French are very progressive and learn easily, and it will not be surprising yet to hear that before this election is over soma ofthe Mayors have taken the ballot-bores home and that the miracle has taken place, 0 familiar in this country, of a Radical com. mune voting solidly Conservative. In one respect the French aro a little ahead of us, Governmont circles, to pnt nll France in a state of riege, thereby throwing tho control of tho elections completely Into M. ne Founrov's hands, ina little more advanced than our system. In this country, of courso, it would reault in acivil war. An the Fronch peoplo are mora Tecklens and hot-headed than wo, it must havo the samo result thore if tho Govern. mont is crazy ononga to adopt it. Prince TcnenKasst, the Russian * organizer"? of Poland, and who now has a similar commis ston in Bulgaria, although the vicissitudes of war havo given lim but very little to do thus far, te anid py the Pall-Mall Ludget to be aman of about 50, and very quick, tntelligent, and plausible. When he was recalled from Poland, he took part in the famous Sclayonic Congress at Moscow. The Dudyet says ‘Ho is 8 Slavophil with Tartar Instincts, but with ali the outward polish ofa Frenchman.” Asan instance of his shrewdness, it Is sald hols the only land-owner in Russia who lost nothing by the emancipation ofthe serfa, itappears that ho obtained early intelligence of the proposed action of the Em- peror, which was kept a secret for fear that the Jand-owners might oppose it, and emancipated hie serfa before the ukaso was fssucd, making them pay a good price for tholr lberty; then suddenly appeared as an ardent advocate of emancipation, —$<——————— Witnon, tho superficial sophist, takes nearly acolumn of space to climb down from hls ridic- ulous indorsement of an anonymous donkey that the War-taxes on National Banks wore much less than a sum equivalent to 3 ver cent. The “Old Man” siniled ina ghastly way when the darts of Trinuns information penctrated his ramparts of ignorance. He could haye saved nearly a column of space, and felt better after It, by simply acknowledging his error, and. admitting that he had put his foot in tt by in- dorsing an irresponsible anonymous ignoramua who knew no more of financlal subjects than ho did himself, The trouble with Storer fs, that ho has succeeded in impressing Iimself with the notion that ho understands financial ques- tlons, when there is no basis for tho foollsh be- Nef, and ft fs too late In his day to ll up with facts. ———— MenrMat Att, who has superseded the fat and incompetent old Annus Keuzst, it appears, isa German by birth, He was born in Magde burg, which he left when very young, with tho intention of becoming a sallor. Hp ran away from his vessel, however, and took refuge with a wealthy Pasha {n Stamboul, who adopted him, Ho subsequently turned Mussulman, entered tho army, and recived a military education. In the Servian war last summor he commanded the Novi-Bazar Division, and latterly he has been operating ugainst the Montencgrins. The run- away German sailor-boy Is at lost attracting a good deal of attention In the world, a We aro obliced tothe Springfeld Postmaster for reproducing his Jcsultical whack at the Prea- dent and his supporters. and eulogy of the im- placables, and ina parallel column Tue ‘Turn une’a exposure of iis true inwardnces. Wo would admonish bim, howeycr, as a “frlend,” sthat, if ho belleves inthe TALLEYRAND maxim that language fs given to men to conceal {deas, tho gift {8 not conferred on all persons to do it successfully, a Commenting on the experience of Nyac(N. Y.), which setup foraclty and was compelled to go back to its village form.of Government, the St. Louts GlobeDemoerat remarks that “There aro abouts thousand mushroom citics fn the United Btatos that could prodtably fol- low this cxample.” That's so. In, fact, thers are only two cities on the continent, Chicago and New York, and New York isn’t certain. ——— A Cincinnati paper demands that Sittina Butt be escorted to the balcony of the Fifth Avenue Hotel, and there encouraged to describe his affection to his country. Better escort him to another sort of platform and ict niin warn the crowd that ft was whisky that brought him there. Seaerannenessne A Deadwood dispatch sayat “An unknown man was shot dead last night by the town watclinan, who endeavored to halt him white ho was pursuing, with drawn bowic-knife, o shrieking woman.” Tho coaches aro robbed regularly, and there 1s a goneral complajnt of dull times, = ee. A Baltimoro Coroner's jury, sitting on o dead rloter, returned a verdict that the authorities should hayo called out 9 suflictent polico force to protect the military. This hint may be of service to the Government in dealing with the Nez Perces. ene A Memphis factory is scattering blanched mutton ‘through Gon's white regime," in tho shane of artiitcial frog’s legs. Calves would havo been more apprupriste, Tho best thing the disgruntled politician can da is to go a-fishing.—New York Tribune, ‘That is about the onlycomfort he will over do- rive from tho polls, a A Russian Jady has takon the degroc of M.D. at the University of Bologna, In this cohnec- tlon it evideutly means minced dog. ————__—. We aro anxiously awaiting Tox Scott's in- doraement of the President's Pacific Road policy. oo Jorce will commence witha sequel to * Gates Ajar." —_——___ PERSONAL. “'Yos, yos," saida young Fronch scapo. grace \mpatiently, **my aunt pald my creditors, but what has sho done for mo?” It is stated that Stillson J, Hutchins, fore morly of the St, Loule Times, te negotiating for the purchaso of the Now York World, Col, Halliday, tho nominee for Governor of Virginia, Is w graduate of Yalo and of the law- acbool of the University of Virginia, - Victor Hugo's work on the coup d'etat will be based ona diary which the poct kept at the time of the momorablo ovents he describes, Tho Froe-Thinkera’ Congroas at Wolcott, N. Y¥., next weok, will be attended by Col, R. G, lngeraoll, George W. Jutlan, and many others. Dr. Onyler is soandalized at the unwilling. nese of the members of the Pan-Presbyterian Council to sit together in Christan communion sbout the Lord's table. The Grand Duke Visdimir, of Russia, on the Journoy from Paris to Troovilie, was robbed of & bag containing letters and jewelry valued at 0,000 france. . Punch fears that if anybody proves Bacon wrote Shakspeare somebody elsa will prove that Shakespeare wrote Bacon, and there will always be a itogering doubt as to whether Boucicault wasn's the author of both, Eugene Schuyler will have short de- acription of ** A Russian Funeral" io the Septem- ber number of Scribner, He aays the ceremony in Teusais bas all the solemaity and none of the gloom of the American rite. Sonator Ben Hill has* commemorated his own virtues as @ warrior. by placing over his dead. horses tombstone noticing the fact that the noble animal bore ‘*hie rider and master, B. H. Hull, through forty-seven battles." * President Eliot’s alarm lest in the new ad. mintstration at Amherst religion and philosophy abuuld push science into the sbadeie somewhat absted by the facts Jately presented in counection with the Shepard scientific collections. The Baltimore Gazette has a story of the probable retirement of Jobn W. Garrett from the msnsgement of the Baltimore & Ohio Haltrosd, and the accession of Mr. William Keyser, now Second Vice-Presldent, to tho bead of the Com- pany. Mr. Harrison, Professor at the Russian Naval School at Sibbu, Finland, will shortly estab- Mah, at Bt. Petoreburg s weekly journal in the English language, The jourosl will bo called the Russian News. Itiachiety intended to con- voce the English of thelr exror in objecting to Rusalan progress. THE PRESIDENT. His Presence in Vermont Marked by Continuous Ovations, Lovely Maidens of Rutland Deck His Path with Flowers, Cordial People Along the Railroad Yelling Expectantly at Every Headlight, 4 Where the Weary Chief Magis. trate Will Rest Over Sunday. Rutianp, Vt., Aug, 17,—Presldent Mayes ang hls party arrived In Rutland about 0 o'clock tast evening ina special train. They left Benning. ton at Op. m., and the Journey up was 9 suc cession of ovations, peoplo gathering at every station and cheering the party. At 8 o'rlock the depot was filled with an anxious crowd of men, tromen, and children, who broke out {nto cheers whenever an engine headlight showed itself down the track. As soon as tho train ar. rived, President Inyces was escorted to a car. nage by Ex-Governor John B. Pate, the re mainder of tho party fullowing, and was driven rapidly to Governor Page’é- mansion. Here they wero received by Mra. Pago and her friends. A large number of young lailics arranged themselyes upon both sides of the hall, and. strowed the floor with flowers as the party entered. After lunch had been served the doors of tho house wero thrown open, ond about 1,000 people availed themsclyes of the opportunity of meeting the Prealdent, THE RECEPTION lasting an hour and a hatf. Tho houss was beautifully decorated with flowers within, but the outer decorations and illum{nations wero somowhat destroyed by o drizzling raln. 4 beautifully illuminated arch over tho door beamed a welcome to the distinguished guests, The Shermau Band, which. accompanied the party from Bennington, furnished music. At tho closc of the reception the party sat down to an clegant supper, immediately after which they were escorted to tha depot, where a special train was awaiting them to convey thom to Brattleboro. 2 ON THE WAT, 2 Brattiznono. Vt., Aug. 17%—When Preat dent Hayes loft Beliows Falls at 1:97 this morn- ing, the occupants of his car had been reduced toa family party, consisting of tha President and Mrs, Hayes, Webb Hayes, Birchard Hnyes, Mias Foote, and Mr. and Mrs. W. Bigelow, cousing of the President, ‘aud Capt. Wheeler, United States army. Ex-Gov. J. Gregory Smith has placed his pri- vate car at the disposal of Sccrotary Evarts. It will be retained for the use of tho President and Cabinet during thelr stay in Vermont. At Dol- Jows Falls the train, consisting only of the car Boiloyuo and a baggage-car, entored upon the Vermont Valley Rallroad, and ran from Bel- lows Falls to Brattlekoro, s distance of tweuty- four miles, in thirty-nlno minutes. The Pres{s dentand Indies of the party retired for the night soon after leaving Rutland, but it being ascertaincd that the making up of the train in tho yard. AT BRATTLEDONO, accompanied by the switching of the cars and blowing of winstics, would disturb tho Presi- dent in his sleep, it was decided to convoy the party tothe Brooke House, where they might onjoy an uninterrupted night's rest. ‘Tho town was wrapped in slumber. It having been on- nounced that the President would proceed di- rectly to tho residence of Mr. Bigelow, in West Bratticboro, his arrival at the hotel was entirely unexpected, DREAKPAST. About 8 o'clock the President's party arose greatly refreshed, nod breakfast wan served in squict way at 8:45. It wos simply a family breakfast, Mr. and Mrs. Hayes, Misa Foote, and tho President's sons, Webb and Birchard, beng seated at onc table, VISIT TO THE PRESIDENTS UNCLE. At 0:80 carriages were driven to tho door, whero a few hundred persons hail gathered round about, and the sturt was made tor the home of Austin Birchard, the President's uncle, in Faycttoville, ' ‘ RECEPTION, The party will return thts afternoon, and are coption will bo he held at the Brooks House this evening. Tho President goeato Windsor to night. WINDSOR, . Winpsor, Vt. Aug. 17.—Secrotary Evart Postinaster-General Key, and Attorney-Gone Devens have arrived and will bo the guosts of E. W. Stoughton over the Sabbath, The Pres} dent and party will arrive Saturday. Saturday afternoon a reception wil! be given by the Pree ident. GEORETARY M'CRARY left tho party at Bennington for Washington. Wainpson, Vt., Aug. 17.—Whitelaw Rel, of the New York Tribune, is a guest of Secretary Evarts, and will accompany the President's party, tothe White Mountaing, This aiterncoa ocrctary Evarts, with his fonr-in-band, took Attorney-General Devens and Postmaster-ticn- eral Key out to view some of tho beauties of tho sounery inand around Windsor, Seerctary Evarta will moct the President and party st Claremont Junction, and take them to Windsor in his carriage, giving an opportunity to see some of the tnost attractive scenery in the Green Mountains and Granite State, THE DAr's DoINas. Brattisnono, Vt., Aug. 17.—Tho President and party left the “Brooks Houso at 9:30 this morning for Fayettevillc, a small town twelve miles from Brattleboro and the residence of Austria Burchard, unclo of the President. From there the party returned about 5 to Bratticburo and wont at once to Weat Brattleboro, at which Place the President gavo areception. A few tiinutes after 8 Mr. and Mrs. Haycs returned to Brattleboro, avd at 8:30 gavo a reception at Mr. Brooke’ House. Tho President was tust en- thusiastically received by a largo concourse of people, A SPEECH. After about an hour's handshaking tho Prest- dent, in response to a call from a large crowd, addressed them from tho balcony in ing words: SLLOW-CtTizE! me to make you tants and’ perunpe thet is my abares” Lauppove nd, ani Thave shaken hands with os aay as 4,000, aud you bave heard my yoice. Iwillnow, with your Permission, bid you Kood night, ‘Tho Preatdent's party leave to-morrow morn: ing. for Windsor, ‘ne President wilt do the White Mountains next week, leaving Thursday for Washingtoa. ———— CANADIAN NEWS. Spectat Dispatch to The Tribune, Orrawa, Aug. 17—The vominion Government has no Intention, as has been stated, of sending a Commissioner to tho Northwest to take part with the United States Commissioners {n srrang- ing @ treaty with Sitting Bull. An officer of tho Mounted Police may provably be detailed os 8 measure of precaution towatch the proceedings tn Canadian territory, not to take part in them. Prof. Sherriman, Government Inspector of Tosurance, has just issued bis report for 1876. It recommends that life assurance be undertak- enby the Government, His figures show that the premiums received during 1874in Canada on life policies were as follows: By beepers companies, 543; Britlsh companics, $579, fat Auten conpasiea, shavralae fol j $2.889,810. ‘The total premlunis taken out ol Janada by American companies aloce 817,045,087. In the face of this sum the Amer- ican com: panies threaten to withdraw from dolog ere ernie dele Pin 4 Gusta, Ont., Aug. 17.—The liabilities of James Mase, the wholesale grocer who failed recently, are $233,000, @ follow: 3 Thope you will not expect pene’ teeniae pave o a ANOTHER LITTLE SISTER. Darsorr, Aug. 17.—-The following commual cation was received this morning from Prof. James C. Watson, of the Michigan University Observatory, at Anu Arbor; “On the aight of Aug. 8, I found inthe constellation of Capr+ corn, 8 planct bitherto unknown. On accourt of smoky snd cloudy weather, 1 did not succced in observing tt accurately wotll test night. It now in right ascension, twenty-ouo hours au fourtech tainutes, and {n declinatiun tifteen ce- ves and forty-seven minutes south. It shincs astar of the tenth magultude, aud ts w0t- dog west aod north.”