Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 27, 1877, Page 4

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY. MAY 97, 1877—SIXTEEN PAGES. Vox MorLrgE, or by the French in favor of Thye Tribwwe, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. EY MAIL—IN ADVANCE—FPOSTAGE PREFAID AT THIS OFFICE. Detly Editlon, id; 1 year.. .$12.00 P o Pinonin e ur weeks for. Mafled 1o oy ddress tour weeks for Postage rrepald. Specimen confes sent frec. Toyrevent delay and mistakes, ‘be sure and give Post- G cezddress in full, including State and County. Tiemittances may bemade either by draff, express, Pust-Ulce order, or i reglstered Jetiers, at our risk. ~ERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Tefly. deltvered, Sunday excepted, 25 cents per week Luily, ceilvered, Sunday fncluded, 30 cents per week Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANT, Coruer Magison and Desrborn-sta.. Chicago, Il SOCK! .—The Officers and Members of the Gen- et Qomimiiies of Dietricr Grand. Lodse No. 6. 1. O 3., will nddross the_Brotherhood on Sundsy Even- i ¥ 2 ‘oclock, In_Covenant Hall, cormer of Tacalie nnd Lake streets. The Members of the Onler ‘are cordially Invited. LOEB, Grand Sec. 3 NSSELAER GRAND LODGE Qf PER- N PR b v tite Masons—Will hold ADOLFH X & A, Scottl I T oadial Adscrk0ly’ on Thursday eveuing nest. . Work & 12 and 19th Desrees rde s, By order of NEILL, T.% 1% G.o ML 01! ED GOODALE, Gra! APOLLO'COMMANDERY, NIGHTS TEM- 1. AR—special Conciave at Asslun 8 Monroe Ftreet, Tugsdsy evening next, May o'clock, Ot. _The Order of the Tempie will iromy Cisiiing Sir Knights courteous!: -kironed s TR confe invited. By orderof UNLUP, Kecorder. MIRIAM CHAPTER. NO. 1. O, g liegular Communicaion Saturday cre b secrol e e mext "Soeiauia of the Chapter will be wiven Tiursday evenig, Jay 4 a5t Uhio-At. 31, ar 168 CRRUING, Sec. pro. tem. & o'clock. Work on L. BURBANK,E. C. and A. M_Tegular T hext at 141 Twenty- e Wark "lfi)(:x. E ’\.‘:L Degrec. Visitiog invited: By order of the Master. B eordilly tavite T AEVRICK. Sc. LA FAYETTE CHAPTER, NO. 2., . A. M., Hall el convocatlon Mondny eventng, for business and work. Visitors Dy order of M. E. W. H! REID, I P. RS ueted to meet at tiielr hall tal basioess, Dy ozder. et epeciat busiegy, TETNBACH. Cor. See. 0. 69, 1. A. M.—Rep- inz, May 27, at 8 ok, ’L l‘)l.' By order J. 0. DICKEBSOY, Secreisry. SUNDAY, MAY 27, 1877 ,/_ CEICAGO MAREET SUMMARY. . The Chicazo produce markets were generally “ active Saturday, and most of them were weak, Mess pork closed 15¢ per brl lower, at $13.3214@ 13.35 for June and $13.50@13.52% selier July. Lard closed a shade - casfer. at $9.20@9. 224 for June and $9.30@9.32% for July. Meats were steady, at 43¢ per B for loose shoulders, Bic for do ehort ribs, and TXc for do short clears. Highwines were unchanged, st $1.07 per gallon. Lake freights were active, at 2%c for com to Buffalo. Flour wasdull and casler. Wheat closed Itc lower, at SL43X cash or seller June s0d §1.43 for July. ~ Corn closed 1%c lower, at #4c cash and 443%c for June. . Oats closed 1c low- cr, at 37%c cash and 37%c forJune. Rye was steady, at 70c. Darley was entirely nominal. Hogs were 5¢ higher, at $4.80@5.25 per 100 Ibs. Cattle were firm, at §3.25@5.90. Sheep were quict. One hundred dollars in gold wonld buy $£100.75 in greenbacks at the close. * In New York on Seturdsy greenbacks were worth 93}@93} cents on the dollar. Mr. Smarrer, the London correspondent of the New York T'ridune, gives to Camnyiz's letter the credit of defeating the purposes of the Anglo-Turks. If it did that it saved the respect of the world for England. Ex-Gov. Crasmerraty takés the trouble to deny- by letter the statemlent that he is n supporter of the Presidefit's Southern policy. A fecling of relief /will now go sbroad zmong office-seckers, for they have had an apprehension that the Governor was after a ‘high office. In the ten months of the current fiseal year the value of exports from the United States to foreign countries exceeded that of the imports $157,000,000, while the exports . and imports of coin and bullion during the same period show ouly a difference of $282,- 415 against this country. e According to a dispatch from Moscow, the City of Eupatoria, formerly Eoslow, on the Crimean shore of the Black Sen, has been almost entirely deserted by its inhnbitants, and all merchant-vessels have taken their de- parture to escape the impording bombard- ment. The smaller vessels owned by the in- habitants have either been sunk or hauled ashore. The city had sbout 10,000 inhabit- ants, and has been a point of considerable trade. A Turkish force of 60,000 or 70,000 men is massed at Shoomls, a fortified city in Bul- garia, standing in a gorge on the northern doclivity of the Balkan Range. This strong- Lold is considered one of the keys to the Turkish Capital. On three sides the city is inclosed by mountains, and is encircled by ramparts and a double fosse, strengthened by a citadel and strong redoubts on an ad- jacent height. The Russiaus failed in their attempts to take it in 1774, 1810, and 1828. It remains to be seen whether the effective- ness of modern artillery will be sufficient to redace this bitherto-invulnerable position. —— A Washington dispatch states that *The news of the murder of Laws, colored, of East Feliciana, Louisiann, has been received with great indignation Lere, and the malcontent Republican opponents to the new policy hail it as a piece of rare good fortune, enabling them o inveigh with zeal and point ngainst the President. As at present advised nobody sttempts to palliate the offense or to Jjustify the killing. But it is remarked that such occurrences were frequent while Errroac was Governor, and the perpetrators were never brought to justice by State officials.” The joy of the malcontents has been turned into chagrin upon subsequently learning that the Pperson who killed the colored man Laws was 8 negro, a paramour of Laws’ wife, and in- cited by her to do the deed, in the opinion of Laws' mother, as she testified before the Coroner’s jury. The war situation in Europe and Asia presents little change. With the exception uf_ artillery duels across the Danube, skir- mishes between Cossacks and Bashi-Bazonks, nnz scxixf:m:fiu between the Russians and natives in tho disaffected Abasia provin nwithaumsus, there is a qnisp', m::y' mmeunthepmoftbakmw concentrate their forces in such powerful numbers 25 t0 make their forward movement irresistible. At the same time, every dny’s delay in crossing the Danube injureg the Turks almost as much as attacks in the open field would do. ¥t will be observed from our dispatches that Sir Amxorp Knr. BALL, an Englich military attache, gives a de- plorable sccount of their condition, which is not helped any by the insurrectionary move. ments in Constantinople. Meanwhile, the Russian forces-are pouring down to the Dan- ube asfast as trains can carry them, and, when the time comes, an irresistible rush across the Danube may be expected. In Asin the Russian plan seems to have been changed somewhat since the capture of Ar- dnhan, sufficient force being left behind to jnvest Batoum and Kars, while the main army presses on towards Erzeroum, which is in reality the key to both these places, as well as to all Armenin. A newuse for the colored man in the South is shown in a half-column editorial of the New Orleans Republican of the 23d inst. That editorisl is an appedl, iterated and re- iterated, to the negroes-9f;the city to go to the polls and vote for.the/Texas Pacific Rail- road constraction. /Every possible argument is advanced, and tho colored man is covered an inch deep with the cream of flattery. It is cheerful {6 the philantlropists in the North to difcover this new utility, and to recognize that the withdrawal of Gov. Pacs- 4z left many of his adharents as o working power in politics to be cajoled rather than threatened. The importance of the Balkan Mountains 25 8 natural line of defense for the Turks is said to be greatly exaggerated. A telegram from Bucharest yesterday states that * There are only seven passes, and these will be so fortified that their defense will be successful. Bat all the northern slope of the chain is so gentle that the traveler often arrives st the summit of a ridge without secing a moun- tnin. There are a few points where a car- ringe cannot ascend. Sheepwalks aro to be found everywhere, and, covered by the fire of heavy guns from below, infantry can ad- vance wherever a goat can climb, Certainly the line through Ardas, Karnabad, and Selim- no is strong, though very long, and may be turned from the west by Sophia” The Balkans failed to prove impnssa- ble barriers to the advance of - the Russians fifty years ago, or to the invasion of Bulgaria by the Turks when they con- quered the country. The Russians are tak- ing their own time to make all needed prep- arations for crossing the Danube. When they are completely ready the irruption will be resistless, and all resistance will be swept away. By marching west to the Servian border the mountain chain presents no very formidable obstructions to an invading army. We would not even insinuate that any of the Presbyterian Assembly yesterday morn- ing had *taken an enemy into their mouths to sterl away their” tempers, sceing it wns but the third hour of the day; bnt the report of & committec recommending Church Sessions to procure ** pure wine™ for sacramental uses did excite a few in an un- accountable mauner as soon as they heard the word ‘wine.” However, good com- ‘mon sense secured the easy adoption of the report, and the ripple dissppeared. The opening of the important question of the reconstruction of the General Assem- bly made it very evident that there are many difficulties in the way of such a task. So numerous are the plans proposed and so deep the feeling of the smaller Presbyteries that the Committee will show a remarkable degree of wisdom if it can present a report which shall not infringe upon any rights, and yet provide for an Assembly of proper sizo. All the members without oxception see the necossity of such a course, and in their warmest opposition to the modes proposed affirm that some method must be discovered. ‘We hope that the rest of Sunday will impart a happy inspiration to that Committeo, so that in its report on Monday it will cut the Gordian knot. BUILDING THE CITY-HALL. After the fire, the Legislaturo of the State appropristed the money to pay off the lien which Chicago had on the canal. The sum refunded by the State was, in round figures, $8,000,000. Under the law, this money, as received, was apportioned to various pur- poses, and a sum slightly exceeding $600,000 was set apart for rebuilding the City-Hall. It was, therefore, held by the city in trust for the purpose of building the City- Hall. That sum, however, being inadequate for the purpose, other improvements be- ing more urgent, and the city being with- out revenue, a consultation and agreement with the county became necessary, and the construction of the building was a matter that could be deferred, and was deferred. The money belonging to the fund was there- fore borrowed by the city and used for vari- ous purposes. Subsequently began the prac- tice of tax-fighting, and the taxes which should have furnished the money with which to restore that fund were resisted, postponed, and defeated, until there was, a year ago, about §2,300,000 of uncollected city taxes, represented by a large amount of certificates of indebtedness. A year ago last May a change in the Gity Government resulted in a change of financial policy. The old system of a perpetual issue of certificates, one issne renewing the previous one, was abandoned ‘becanse it was bad policy, and also because it was illegal. The City Council in August, 1676, adopted, and mode part of nn agree- ment with the public creditors, the following terms and conditions : Resolved, further, That the following portion of the report of the Finance Committee of this Coun- ail, made on the 10th day of July, 1876, be,and the same s hereby, adopted, as follows: In reiation 1o the provisions to be marde for . meat of the large indebtedness now :u;un;:fl%flzr the payment of whicli, ax has been before shown, there 18 now no adequate proviefon, thereby ‘:Snllnsn defiett sogreat a3tobe beyond thé pawer of the Council to make good, your Committee are of the opinfon that there 18 no better course thaa to classify such indebtel- nes according to the character of each fiem. After such classification shall have been made, the siveral liemastould_ be paid, in their properorder, and that, e na) v Prescribea by the General Assembly. . oo bolley Class A should embrace all interest due, and to be. come due. on city indebtedness other than the bonded et (thst being provided for fn the appropriation. and R4 bilis (0F matorialy ahd Inor Tarmianad o ossar: cral departments; and also such truet funds and special funds and nnexpended balances of former appropria- T P T shoul race be pald after the fienss incioded 1o Ciam A "o 4 A Tunds as may be properly de%emdh A36 sushy spectal Resolved, farther, That this Council recoznizes the obligation and duty of the City of Chicago 1o pay all ontstanding certificates of indcbtedness of the city Issued against the appropriation duly made, and for which the city has received the ben eft, at the carliest moment possible; and that the Comotroller be, and he is bereby, aathorized to pay Interest upon sald certificates of indebtedness semi-annually at the rate of 7 per cent per annam from the date of their maturity. Since then the collections of back taxes have been such that, if the same were cor- rectly pro-rated to the credit of the various funds whose money had been used by the city, there wonld have been on the 1st of May $160,000 in the Treasury to the credit of the Building Fand. But the Comptroller has advised tho Coundil that there is mo such money to the credit of that fund, and this conclusion is reached by classifying the debt due to the Building Fund among those in- cluded in Class 0. The whole Qquestion, therefors, turns on the character of the debt _dne by the city to the Building Fund. Does it belong properly to Class 4, B,orC? Class A includes those debts which should be paid “as speedily as the necessary &r- rangements con be made,” nnd among these are interest, laborers’ wages, and also such trust fands and special funds as have been misapplied. Class C. includes such special funds as. may be properly deforrod. The Comptroller defines the Building Fund to be a *special fund” which may be properly deferred, and not a ** trust fund.” Upon the correctness of this. defihition rests the fact whether thers is now sny money to the credit of the Building Fund or not, and that is o question which must be decided by the Comumon Council. The question for the Coun- cil to decide is, Was the Building Fund a sum of money paid over to the city und.by the State required to be used.for o 'apecxfic purpose only, and did the city bold itin tr_nst until such time as a City-Hall could be built? If it werenot a trust fund, but a special fund which might be deferred, how long can it be deferred ?- If the money belonged to a trust fund, then, as the tax shall be collected, the fund should becredited with its propor- tion as collected, and there is therefore now a sufficient sum collected to justify the im- mediate beginning of the work on the build- ing. If, however, the Council shall decide that it does not fall within Class A, butis a specinl fund named in Class G, then the ques- tion is, How long may the use of that special fund be deferred ? After all, then, the whole question resolves itself into the simple prop- osition, whether the Council are of opinion that the further postponement in begiuning the construction of the City-Hall is consist- ent with public economy. That is the whole question, and it must be decided by the City Council upon the facts as they exist. Since August, 1876, the county has begun the erection of the east half of the whole building, and it is now progressing. On the city half of the lot there is no piling done and no foundation laid. It is cminently desirable in every respect that at lenst the foundation of the west wing shall be laid before the east wing be completed ; otherwise the possibility of a botched job will become a certainty. The money now in the Treasury is sufficient to complete the west wing up to the surface, and its use at this time for this purpose is demanded by every consideration of economy and good | government. The £600,000 of the fand will go as far now in the construction of tae building as would $1,000,000 in 1872. The delay of five years throngh a matter of neces- sity has also been a matter of wise policy. But under existing circumstances the neces- sity for making 8 beginning at least is on the other side, and wise policy “advises that the. city shall avail itself of the many favorable conditions which, in an economical point of view, strongly urge that the work be begun now. It may be truo that the money applicable to this purpose has been used for other pur- poses, but this makes practically no differ- ence. The money of all the funds is used in common; the money of the Building Fund is used in place of that of some other fund, and at this time money to roplace it can be had to any amount at low interest until it can be repaid out of the incoming taxes as collected. There is no trouble to be spprehonded as to obtaining the money. It is mow for the City Council to decido whether the beginning of this work has not been deferred as long as trmo economy can warrant or justify. THE FRENCH CRISIS. 1t begins to appear more clearly every dsy that the most dangerous feature of the pres- ent crisis in France is the religious, and that Mac)Manox is actuated in all his movements, first by o religious purpose, and second by the same purpose allied with a political par- pose, or Ultramontanism allied with Bour- ‘bonism,—two forces which he cannot easily withstand, being himsclf both Ultramontane ond Bourbon. The dogma of Papal Infalli- Dbility seoms to underlie and direct the drift of the politics of his Administration, and the despair of the situation is that the people of France cannot snd will not accept that dogmn. The commencement of the quarrel runs back to the Papal allocution of last March directed nagainst the Maxcnst law agninst clerical ~abuses. The Italian Minister of Justice rotorted by send- ing a circular to public prosecutors through- out the Kingdom directing them to institnte prosecutions wherever the’ allocution was printed with favorable comment, Cardinal Snaeoxt thereupon sent a circular to the va- rious Papal Nuncios to the effect that the TItalisn Minister's circular was tantamount to & declaration that the Pope was a prisoner in Rome, and did not enjoy free communica- tion with the outside world. A The circular, 8s might be expected, raised a breeze, if not a tempest of excitement, among the Tltra- montane clericals of France, who are the chief supporters of the Roman Curis. They immediately assumed an attitude of hostility to the Government of Italy, and sought to break the pesceful relations existing between the two countries. The Bishop of Nevera not only wrote to MacMarox to restore the Pope’s liberty, but also commenced a popular agitation in his diocese, with the same pur- pose in view. The Bishop was snubbed, but he had succeeded in kindling a conflagra- tion. The quarrel broke out in the Assembly, and, as the' debates grew more intense, the TUltramontane attacks grew more violent, un- til at last the whole public mind became disturbed. The Extreme Left and its con- stituency, smarting under the Ultramontane taunts,went to the other extreme, as French- maen always do. Papers like the Radical and Lanterne commenced lampooning the Ultra- montanes in the most savage style. The Catholic religion was ridiculed in the most scurrilous manner. Meanwhile, the Ultra- montane papers like the Union and Ordre reproduced the articles in full, Even the organ of M. GaMBETTA, which represents the Moderate Republicans, had no rebuke for the more radical papers, probably because M. GanBETTA feared to alienate the Extreme Left; on the other hand, it complained of the violence of the clericals, and took the ground that the whole Left was unsnimous on the clerical question. Such criminations and recriminations set the excitablo French mind into a frenzy, and seem to have reacted upon MicMamoN, who, instead of acting promptly in the settlement of the quarrcl 88 o wise ruler, ndded pitch to the fire by seizing upon the neglect of his Premier to oppose the repeal of the Press law as o pretext for removing the whole Cabinet and reinstating the Orleanist Duc pE BrooLrx, the leader of the minority, in political control, Reverting to first causes, then, the cause of the French crisis may be traced to the dogma of Infallibility,—a dogma which not even tho majority of the Catholic laity in France are willing to accept. When that dogma wos thrust upon them by the clericals ?.hey ‘wero enraged. When they found that it wos allied with an attempt at the restora- tion of the Bourbons they were exasperated. The extromo danger, therefore, lics in the fact that the now Ministry has made it an isssue, and - the danger is all the more pro- nounced, because thers is no middle ground that can be occupied. In this country, where religion is characterized by so many shades ‘of belief, there is safe refuge for any reousant, and ample op- portunity for compromise so as to avoid dangerous collision. In Fronce, however, there is no middle ground. One must om- brace either the extreme form of Catholicism, or its exact opposite. Two-thirds of the people of France have arrayed themselves in MacManoy, it will not bo denied that. he hos no rival in America in military fame. . His military carcer was a grand. series of successes. Ho lost no battles; when he did not win a victory, he still disputed the field with his adversaries. One by one, other American Generals who had their enthu- sinstic frionds and admirers made their fail- ures, and GraNT stepped in to push forward to success. He was one of the Genorals of the world who never troubled himself as to bitter hostility to the other one-third, occu- | what the em_:my'a plans were, but pying the Ultramontane position, sand, in | mapped ont. his own campaigus, and making his Cabinet from the Right, the operated with a single view to mnking them successful at all hazards. - He never contemplated defeat in his school of strategy, and believed in teaching the enemy that his troops could nét be whipped. His own stolid nature, and an absorbing passion for victory, prevented him from wasting time and opportunity in counting his Iofses; his theory wans that a battle should cost the enemy more men than it cost him, and to strike harder than he was struck. However such a charncteristic may be regarded from a humanitarian point of view, it is the one great element of success in an offensive cam- poign. If Lee was a great General (and all the world admits it), he still surrendered to GraxT. No military chief of recent times has had armies so numerous and brave sur- render to him. His fame 28 a General is equal to that of WeLLmNGTON, whom he re- sembles in mora ways than ono; and such a man can- scarcely fail to receive generous attentions and deserved tributes from the countries he visits. Bocially, Gen. GraxT may be something of a disappointment to thoso who receive him abroad. The men who attain to greatness in Europe nre usually men of polite education ond culture. GraxT, though a West-Pointer, is essentially a sclf-made man, having been for many years out of the army, and not en- gaged in.pursuits calculated to promote per- sonal culture, His public career has been so busy that he has had no time for the liberal allotment which most public men in Europe give to litersture and the arts. Be- sides, he is reticent by nature, and will scarcely shine as a post-prandial orator or drawing-room conversationalist. Neverthe- less, interconrse with him will develop a stock of common senso and solid infor- mation that will find appreciation, especially among the English people. His famo at homo will improve from now on in history. The mistakes of his civil career were of a personal kind that are being rapidly forgot- ten and will not figure in future estimates of his career as conspicuously as they did when he was the object of contemporaneous party criticism. Altogether, he is a man to be proud of as an American citizen, and at- tention and courtesy abrosd will not be wasted upon him. President has deliberately defied the ma- jority. How rapidly. that majority is in- crensing is shown by the following, from the London Spectator: * Even in some of the most Roman Catholic parts of the country the Republican’ minority appears to be in- creasing into a steady majority. Thus, in the election of Inst Sunday for St. Malo, the Republican candidate was elected by & ma- jority of 7,347 over 4,975 votes given for the Legitimist, though at the general election the latter (the Logitimist) had polled a very nearly - equal vote,—6,335 nagainst 6,593." The Spectator intimates that there is danger of ultimate losses to the Re- publicans if they propose coercive measures against their Catholic opponents; but this danger is as nothing compared to that which must incvitably follow if the al- linco of tho Ultramontanes and Bourbons should seck to coerce the majority of the people of France. In such an event civil war is sare to follow, besides dangerous entanglement with Italy and France. MICHIGAN AVENUE. \ | There was a project on foot last summer to place Michigan avenue under the control of the South Park Commissioners, on con- dition that they should pave and improve it, and make it a driving boulevard like Grand or Drexel Boulevard, from Mnadison or QMonroe strect south as far s Thirty-ninth street at least. After its suggestion last season there was not sufficient time to carry out the scheme, bat it hasbeen very properly revived, and we understand that determined efforts will bo made to bring about the pro- posed transfer. Without any special in- vestigation of the subjoct, we presume that the Common Council hias suthority to place the street under tho management of the Park Commissioners, and that tho Iatter have suthority to take it, improve it, and subject it to the same regulations as govern the other boulevards under their control. Besides, we cannot imngine that anybody will interpose any objection to the scheme, which will be beneficial at once to the avenue, to the property-owners along the line, to the South Parks, and to the whole people of the city. b As it is now, there is not asingle approach to the South Parks and the boulevards from the centre of the city, or in fact anywhere north of the entrance to the Grand Boule- vard, which is either attractive or comforta- ble. Michigan avenue is the natural ap- proach, but it is now and has been for some years little better than a succession of ruts and mud-holes. Whenever the city patches it ap, the heavy teams throng upon it as their ‘main thoroughfare, and coal, lumber, brick, stone, provisions, building material of all kinds, are hauled over it constantly in loads varying from -one to four toms, and in trucks with narrow, sharp tires that cut the pavement into shrods. The law pro- vides that the improvement of streets within the city limits shall' be done only at the ex- pense of the owners of the adjutting proper- ty; but the property-owners of Michigan avenue absolutely refuse to repave it, with the prospect of attracting o it all the héavy teaming that goes north and south, and hav- ing it destroyed within a yeat,\besides suffer- ing the snnoyances of the traffic in the menntime. The property-owners can scarce- 1y be blamed for taking this position, and yet there is no other way in which the ave- nue can be made decently passable undor the present conditions. By a transfer of the control of this avenue to the Park authorities; it can be improved as it ought to be at the expense of the property- owners of the South Division,—a very tri- fling individunl expense when divided up in this way,—and the Park Commissioners can exclude the heavy trucks and make ita beau- tiful and comfortable approach to the South Parks. As faras the comfort and enjoyment of driving go, the South Division might as ‘well have no parks as to have them withfour miles of approach that is a positive punish- ment and & constant danger to horses, vehicles, and human life. With Michigan avenue a grand, well-paved boulevard for its whole length, lined by bandsome residences ond luxurisnt shade-trees, the South Park system would be complete. We hope the transfer will be made. The doctors of London ¢an scarcely con- sent as yet to admit women to the medieal deprees of the University of London, though those in anthority came very near doing so in a recent consideration of the matter. The pressure upon them was very great, and those who resisted the women were charged with being actuated by the trades- union desire to exclude women from fear of competition. The admission of women to the medical degrees of the University was denied,—pnrtly on the ground that the doc- tors did not care to san:tion this innovation until women should also be admitted to the other degrees in Arts, Sciences, and Laws, and partly on tho ground that some provision should first bo made for the sepnrate exam- ination of the two scxes. But sufficiont ad- vance in liberal sentiment toward admitting women to the. professions, by recognizing their equal claims to college degrees, was shown to indicate that, before many years, these facilities and premiums will be extend- ed to them as to men. England is not so far advanced in this respect as the United States, where women doctors, and even women lawyers, are given an equal chance in practice, if not in all tho colleges. The English doctors are probably prudent, how- ever, in awaiting arrangements for separate education before wpening the colleges to both sexes. BOIENCE IN RUSSIA. ‘When PETER THE GREAT lay dying at Peters- hof, amid the agonics of a cruel disease which extorted cries from the brave man’s lips that resounded through the palace, he turned to CATHERISE, whom he had appointed to suceced him in the Imperial line, and besought her to cherish his favorite fnstitution, the Academy of Sciences, and to invite to its subport all the learncd men of Europe. On his first visit to England in 1693, PeTER had cngaged Mr. FERGUSOX, a Scotch gentleman, accompanied by a couple of young mathematicians from Christ’s Church College, London, to return with him to Russia and there introduce the -science of arithmetic. Up to this period the Tartar method of reckoning accounts, by means of balls strung on wire, was the only one known to the igmorant Muscovites. The so-called Arabic numerals, which had reached Western Europe in the ninth century, had not penetrated into the dominions of the Czar until he im- ported them along with the other arts and {o- ventlons of civilization. PeTER THE GREAT himself pursued the study of astronomy with Mr. FERGUSON, acquiring a knowledgo of the mation of the heavenly bodies, GEN. GRANT'S FOREIGN TOUR. The indications are that Gen. Grant's re- ception abroad will be characterized by mora distinguished marks of consideration than were ever extended to any American citizen. As o public man, he is the most eminent American who has ever visited Europe. We believe MmrARD FILLAORE went abroad after those of the Caspian Sca. suppose the Czar to have been well acqualnted with the situation of thisebody of water, which in the bezinning of his reizn afforded the only chan- nel for the maritime commerce of Russia. 1t was with vesscls afloat on its waves that he Jaid the foundation of his navy, and it was here that he madecxperiments in dredging withan appara- | tus of hisinvention. This lase consisted of & pair of hooks shaped something like those now- adays seen in the hands of the **ice-mau,” and were 8o contrived that when they touched the bottom a plummet became detached, and the hooks grasped and brought up specimens of the deposit lying In the bed of the sea. To this many-sided genfus belongs the honor of having anticipated the Importance of the work to be accomplished by decp-sea dredeing, and of hav- ing been the first to undertake it. The French Academy of Sclences appreciated his personal attainments and the extent of his efforts in the advancement of civilization, and, as an acknowledgment, conferred upon him a certificate of membership. Through life PETER maintained his conncction with this illustrious body by an active correspondence. The en- lightened men of France discovered the re- markable qualities of thiz Prince of a barbarous nation, and said of him: “His questions to learned men and to artists uniformly gave proofof his knowledze, and excited admiration of the sagacits of gn enlarged mind, which was as prompt to comprebend information as it was eager to learn.” The Empress CATHERINE, to whom PETER commended his cherisbed euterprises when he bequeathed her his sceptre, fulfilled. his wishes with regard to the Imperial Academy of Sciences, and established it upon a lasting foundation. Although this sovereimn could neither read nor write, through her husband’s lifetime she had cfficiently aided him In his noblest enterprises by giving them the heartiest cncouragement aad lending him the stimulus of her presence in the perpetual jour- neyings which the prgsecution of his plans de- manded, and during” her briel refgn of two years she maintained the policy which he had marked out for her. The magnificent building occupied by the Academy stands on Vagsili Es- trov Island, opposite the Winter Palace and the Admiralty. When itsmuseams were oponed by Perer TuE GREAT in 1724, it was suzgested to him that an admittance fee should be charged, but he replied that it would Be better to pay his people for visiting them. B The collections, which were already consider~ able when he Ieft them, are now very extensive. The library containg over 150,000 books and man- uscripts, the papers of KEPLER being notable treasures included in the latter~ The cabinet of coins and medals is of great value. An cthno- graphic muscum Is filled with figures clothed in the costumesof the different races un- der the Russian Government, and surrounded with theircharacteristicimplements. The Asiatic Museum possesses upward -of 20,000 curiosities from the Orient. The civilization of Egypt 1s _richly represented in the muscum devoted to the purpose, while the collections filustrating zoology, zeoloay, and botany are egually com- plete and instructive. 5 Among the most attractive apartments in the museum are those in which relics of the great founder of the Academy are preserved. There may be scen sbundant cvidences of his industry, his ingenuity, and his skill in handicraft. Pencil sketches and engravings of battle-scenes, carv- Ings in Ivory, products of the furnace which he had forged, a pair of shoes which he had made, works wrought on the lathe,—~PETER the First was the most expert turner in his Empire,—, models of ships, with various tools and instru- ‘ments, alllic scattered about as he left them in thesc rooms which onco were his workshop. In one chamber is the wax fizure of the Czar him- sclf, presenting, as has been said, an exact likeness of the original. © ¢ The eyebrows and hair aro black, the eyes dark, the complexion swarthy, and aspect stern. This figare Is surrounded by the por- traits of his predecessors . in their barbarian costumes, himsclf scated in an arm-chair jn the same splendid dress which he wore when with his own hands he placed the Imperial Crown on the head of hisbeloved CATHERINE.” The Acad- emy of Sciences draws {ts support from gener- ous endowments maae by the Government, and to its supervision all public works for the far- therance of science are subjected. Near the west end of Vassill Ostrov Is situated the School of Mines, which was established by Perer TOE GREAT for the purpose of training a he was President, and have seen it stated that FaANELIN PIERCE also visited Europe sub- sequently to holding the first office in the Republic; but, if they did, it is certain that they were not received with any demonstra- tions or courtesies usually shown to men who have been similarly conspicuous in European countries when thoy visit foreign Powers or take political refuge under for- eign flags. But neither Fiuryore nor Prerce. was g0 eminent in his day as Granr is now. While he goes abroad as a pri- vato citizen, and there i nome of that ‘‘divinity which doth hedge abont a King,” even when dethroned, he goes fresh from the Chief Magistracy of the greatest Republic of modern times, and as 8 man who has recently dealt on equal and successful terms with the first monarchsof Earope. The most brilliant accomplishments of Pres- ident GmaNT's eight years of administration were in his foreign negotintions, and En- gland can searcely fail to entertain an ex- alted respect for the man who, though a war- rior, brought about a peaceful adjustment of the disputes that arose between Great Britain and the TUnited States from tho former's conduct during our . Civil War, and who accomplished it, too, by insist- ing on a full recognition of his country’s rights. The recollection of Graxt's foreign successes while President is too vivid not to exact marked signs of respect from Govern- ments and people who regard foreign rela- ‘tions as the hardest problems of govern- ment. But Graxt goes to Furope. with a claim for recognition moro substantial and per- sonal than that of ex-official dignity. It is not, perhaps, too much to say that he is the greatest General of his generation, judging b;y_oompmfive conguests and successes. If thml_wdispnu:dbyf.be Germans in fayor of and making observationsand ealculating eclipses undor the direction of Lis teacher. The laws of gravitation were also mastered by him, and thus, as a historian has remarked: *This force was already familiar to a sovercign ,0f Russia, when other nations amused themselves with chimerical vortices; and when GALILEO'S ig- norant countrymen were commanded by teach- ers as ignorant as themselves to belicve the earth immovable.” One of the measures which resulted from these studics in astronomy was a reform in the calendar, which was instituted at the beginning of the year 1700 with imposing ceremontes. Hitherto the 1st of September had been regarded by the Russians as the first dayof the year, but thenceforth PRTER commanded that, according to the customs of the other nations of Europe, the year should begin on the 1st of Jauuary. The Gregorian calendar had Dot at this time been accepted by English mathematiclans, hence it was not adopted by the Czar, who followed their teachings, nor has it since been by any of his successors. ‘When, after nincteen years of gigantic labor in the exccution of projects for the ecxtension and elevation of his Empire, Pxrer again made a tour throuzh Europe, he had impressed the monarchs of the various States with a sense of his great genlus, and of the tremendons energy with which he had employed 1t fn_carrying out his colossal schemes of reform. The Court of Paris, which had declined lis visit in 1688, re- ceived bim in 1717 with distinction, as one whom it was an honor to entertain with the most elab- orate ceremonies. But PETER, although now master of an cnormous amount of practicat Lknowledee, still chose to act the part of student rather than of potentate during his travels, and, refusing the apartments in the house assigned him, avolded as far a8 possible the ‘pomp and ad- ulation with which the French sought to sur- round him. Instead ofgwasting his time in ‘witnessing pageants and ceremouies, he visited the royal manufactories, and museums, and institutions of learning. During his fospection- of the m“ectiona_in the Academy of Sciences he cor- rected witl bis own hand several geographical errors in i Fiaps of his country, cspecially in corps of mining engincers to explore the min- eral resources of the Empire, aud also to train engincers for the army. As with the other pub- lic edifices of St. Petersburg, this is of magnifl- cent dimensions. In its long suite of rooms are displayed vast collections of minerals and mod- els of machinery for working mines. The cab- inet of ores and mincrals is the finest in the world. In iron-tound cases are exhibited speci- mens of gold from different native mines. One of these, found at a depth of three feet ond a half fn the sands of the Ural Mountains, is a nugeet of the pure metal weighing eighty pounds. An unbroken mass of malachite welghs 3,456 pounds, and is worth about $16,000. A piece of platinum, the largest in existence, was taken from the Demidoff mines, and weighs ten pounds. A single bery!, weighing six pounds, is valued at $30,000. Be- sides there are huge blocks of jasper, slabs of beautiful marble, bowlders of porphyry and grauite, iron from Olonetz, silver from Tobolsk, and other precious products representing the incalculable mineral wealth of Russia. Under the ground occupied by the School of Mines there 1s the model of a mine skillfully constructed with winding passages, along the sides of which are artificial strata of rock, and ores, and minerals, accurately showing their dis- position in nature. Here the students ootain a practical koowledee of the manner in which veins of copper and gold and layers of coal are deposited in the earth, and of the methods for discovering and developing them to the best ad- vantagze. The botanical gardens at St. Petersburg date from the time of the builder of the city. By the forcing process plants from the tropics are made toflourish in this rigorous climate with their native luxurisnce. Giant hot-houses shelter avonues of palms which }ift wp their crowns sixty feet aloft, and around them are clustered thrifty trees and shrubs, in bloom and in fruit, tbat have been assembled from every quarter of the globe. The establishment is manaaed by Prof. BIGEL, an able botanist and director. The Observatory at St. Petersburg is an- other of the monuments created by PETER to conumemoraic his genids. It was founded in the year 1725, but the present splendid buflaing, at Pulkowa, 2 few miles from the Capital, was erccted by N1cnorLas in 1839. It is one of the most perfectly-cquipped institutions of its kind, and is presided over by the venerable astrono- mer, Vox STRUVE, whose rank is with the fore- most among the scholars of Europe. There are a number of - other obaervatories In Russia, founded by successive sovercigns, in which work of a high order is carried on. Those at Pulkows, Dorpat, Kazon, and Helsingfors, were lately eofzagad fn the new survey of the Northern Celestial Hemisphere. Fifteen of the leading observatories of the world divided the work among them, that at Pulkowa observing the 520 fundamental stars decmed necessary to the precision of the new catalogue; that at Dor- pat (founded by Arexaxper I in1811) sur- veying the zone between the 70th and 75th de- grees north declination; and that at Helsingfors revising the zone 55-65 degrees north declina- tion. On the occurrence of the last transit of Venus, Russfa dispatched twenty-six expedi- tionsunder thedirectfon of VoN STRUVE, besides utilizing the observatories at Moscow, Odessa, Chackof, cte. In connection vrith all the universities, and fn all the chlef towns of Russia, there are numer- ous scientific societies fn a vizorous state of prosperity. There is a5 yet no Natlonal Associ- ation for’ the Advancement of Sclence similar to those existing In Great Brit- ain and the United States, but every year the sclentists of the country meet together in s general sessfon. A permit for each conven- tion is granted by the Emperor, together with a sum of money to defray all of ‘rezulations to govern l?:e::um'% fifth of thesc yearly meetinzs way e September at Warsaw, and attendeg pr 2 300 Russion naturalists. The sessiony. nine days, during which many importegy -1 were read and discussed. The p, Py these conventions are ru;ulm,nmwi fill one or two bulky volumes. bl og Ta the work of exploration Russljg 5, engaged. Her own territories contayy .w‘) tensive tracts a3 yet unknown to & her naturalists are mafnly oemp[fik:;m, te g gating them; but in Siberia apd Centryy expeditions are coatinually employed, expense of the Government, in mn-em: te and lakes, and desert and mountaiy ey which bave thus far hid their secrets frm% kind. If, in art and Hteratare, Russiy 1,:“ yet achieved works that give her an o place among the blder rivul:.nfiom,:::i’,.mel years past been making contributions to &2 that have commanded the respect of the Teaegy world. ———— The other night, as a patrolman was platively holding upa lamp-post on the W, Side, bis attention was attracted Dy the 4 ance of avery angular and ungainly female, issued from a house not far distant throngy mediam of a basement window. - He 1l k) politely invited the stranger to halt, and oq amining her carpet-bag discovered that it 2 tained a iarge and varied assortment of skeleton-keys, crowbars, and things. m male, who had aluxuriant beard, was marched to the station, and in response g e usual question about his name and a2e, saff, a deep bass volce, It GAnL~I mean R“.:_ TOS BLAINE.” “What's your OcCupation} * Presidential candidate.” % Whag were dolng in the basement of that honset» ing plipe for the nomination in 1830 « Take him down,” sald the Sergeant. Yoq Baveng chivalry,” said the gentleman, as hé wiped g 2 tear with the bay-window of hig d.::’ “ where is your regard for my sexes?” ! A Washington dispatcn states that #g ry SHERMAN is convinced that the ‘Wisdom of the recent Investigatiqn into the manner of g business at the New been domonstrated by facts elicited which yiy enable him to correct abuses that haye Sprung , up fn the customs service in thelast twodeeades, 1t is probable, therefore, that all the Custom-Houses of the country will be inrets. gated In the Interest of intclligent reform, AE commission to look into the administratioy of the Philadelphia Custom-House is now forming, The result of thesc investigations will probaniy furnish o valuable hint to Secretary Troxesgy, He might profitably cmploy a commission tofp. quire into naval affairs at Philadelphia andy. [ certain how it Is that the machinery of the yuy at that point is used to secure the electionof SaM RANDALL to Congress.” Sam is the Degy. cratic candidate for Speaker. ——— No New York newspaper is at present oo plete without a female scold of some sort gt tached to the Washington office. A come spondent isdecmed up to standard when a pies of her copy as big as o salt mackerel Will maks two combatant cats reef. their backs, deplets thelr tails, and scamper off in different dires. tions as if a cord of bootjacks had been slung st them. ; According to the Byitimore Sun, Mr. Tty has declarcd that whit has been done in bisewss is final, and that hofsubmits for the good of big party and the gfuntry to tho verdict of the Commission. t in 1830—well! he belierey the Democratig’ party will find an easy viory, and that then he Mr. (TILDEN) can take up bis work of refora. Mr. HavEs will save him that trouble. The Turkish authorities in Constantinoplesa after the fashions for women. It scems that the ladies arc exposing too much of thelr Jaces wd their feet, and are therefore ordered to wnpy them in thicker goods. With such restrictims we shoutd think Turkish women would rejoky at the prospect of a foreign war, as giving thea an opportunity to show what they were mads of in the event of capture. ————————— is playing “Ispy® to leove his bldinzplae when a couple of women pass, and, undersheh ter of their petticoats, creep up within safedss tance of the goal. Whenever a player does the others cry, ““Come, now; play fair. Noned your Jnt BLAINE business!” 3 ————— A revolted Republican fa Central Ilinols b intimated to his Senator at Washington thay rather than embarrass the President fn bis Southern policy, he(the r. R- in C. L) will shakz bands over the bloody Pension Agency or a5y other Federal office of the sort. Fen men are to be hung in}’cnnaylmhmt month, and a New York papeT suggests thattbe scason fn that State oughy/to be known asthe +Hanging Sammer.” Ip’the criminal caleadst it will probably be wn s the Manderas' Fall. i Since the war began the Tarks are orderedt pray five times 3 flny.g/fi.mom must bate rather an uncomfortabl/time. His positions almost as bad as belog resident of the United States. ‘ e Judging from the mystery attendant apon it removal from and appolntments for foreiga o flces, we have, at last, a State Department hat can keep a secret. e —————— When Mr. BLAISE reflects that Mr. HuS meditates mutiny, he says sadly, * Alas! l(:t me tbat my little pup may turn out 2 Spits” ———— An exchange courteosly offers s few “ Higs for the Implacavles.”’/ It does not ul s that the hints they ‘;"m are offices. ——— self, it remains for Scnator BLAINE to assm¢ his attitude. Then—peace perhaps. —_—— That was a pretty loud knock of Presidet MacManox. It brought BIsyaRoK to thefrosd door. o 7 We fegy that In regilling the foreign Minlsters the President’s pol[]lhu gone abroad. — e — A Government office,Iike charity, is beio® proved to cover multitpdinous-ins. § —————————— PERSONAL. «Boll.Run” Russell will soon run Parliament. X The Rev. Dr. Hawley aunonnced Ham son's death to Webster thas: *‘Iam very lan'!: inform you that President Harrison hasgose Heaven.” 3 The second mumber of the new litersT weekly, the Lidrary Table, contalns much l: teresting gossip, and we arc indebted t0 it & many items. Z A benatiful * Temperance Qde ” in alsts number of the Indianapolis Sentinel was somew marred by the subatitation of tho wo nave" for ** elder have.” £ The news-editor has a drawer two-thir® fall of poetry and one-third full of coc! and at the present writing he is unable to detef* ‘mine which is the greator evil. E President White, of Cornell Umvm*{; has sent a collection of photographs of the ruins' the anclent City of Syracuse to the Board of Edoc® tion of the modern city of that name in New T State. Mr. O. B. Frothingham will summer D8 Paterborough, Gerrit Smith's old home, and por devote a largs portion of his time to writisg his **Lifo of Gerrit Smith, "'the materials for Whc were collected during the past winter. in According to a letter from Mr. Smalleys the Tridune, ono of the reports that have gals extensive circulation in London 1s that Ms. C8% Iylewrote his famous anti-Turkisn letter that the English Cabinet expected to begin 8238 geessive anti-Rassian policy on the strength of 12 ork Custom-House b P2 It is considered the height of cowardice ma depth of degradation on the part of a boy wh § Now that Senator Mortoy has defined b€ g BROEa MOl T ~ e~ Eracunraganasssn