Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 10, 1877, Page 9

THE CIHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, MARCH 10, 1877—TWELVIS PAGES. LITERATURE. The Chinese Immigration to America. A View of the Case from a Pro- Celestial Standpoint. Art at Iome--The *No-Name Serles *? - Astronomical . and Botanical, The Kafirg—-Medical Schoolg~-Val- “unble Piotures---Education in Belgium, Musical Fishes=«=Water in Trees ===Tungstate of Soda-== Honey-Dew. LITERATURE. THE CELEST;]}:]\'{: }‘nl{)l!lll';fl.\ig. % CHINESE IN AMERICA, ev, O, n(.lll;:mlfl.'. A. M, 10mo.. pp. 403, Cineinnatiz Hitehcock & Waiden. Chicugo: Hadley Bros. & Co, Tho troublesome problem forced upon the at- tentlon of the American peoplo by the unre- stricted immigration of Chinsmen into the United States la relleved of a good deal of per- plexity by the clear light which this little book throws upon sofic of its most obscure and con- fusing polnts. Tho nuthor of the work, tho Rev. O. Gluson, has been for nbove clghteen years ongaged as u missfonary among tho Chincse, ten years of which time were spent in thefr native land, and the remalnder In San Francisco. The literary exccutlon of his book shows that lic 18 a man of ‘declded calture, anda vigorous, keen, and plquant writer; while the spltit which animates it evinces his posscsslon of neandld, bold, and sagactous mind, There s an utter absetice of cant in tho book, aud, except that we are directly informed to the vontrary, wo might suppose & the work of a shrewd lawyer, or flnancier, who Jins studied a difileult question in Its varled nspects from an impartial pofut of view., Tho book Is ablo as it t3 timely, and the grave Importance of its subject should procure its perusal by all eiti- zena who are Interested In the well-belng of our country, ‘The most startling feature presenting itmeif, on o superticial consideration ot the free Ingress of the Mongollans into our ports, is the possl- Lility .that China nay In time pour upon our shures so vast o tide of lmnigration as com- pletely to fnundate tho land, and destroy our cxlstenco as an Individual natlon. Out of lier crowded populace of from 330,000,000 to 400, 000,000 she can well spare, say, 100,000,000,—2 number sufllelent to fmperll, gt lcast, the dom- Inance of our institutlons and our civilization. But Jet us caleulate tho probabilitics of so dire ancvent, as far na they may be determined by the amount pf fmmfgration that has taken place In the past. It has been asseried that thero aro 200,000 Chinese in Californla, 75,000 of whom aro §n San Francisco, Mr. Gibson aflinms, after o carcful examina- tion of all available datp, that thero aroin the whole United States only 150,000 Chinese. Of tlieae, 60,000 are in the State of Californiu, €0,~ 000 or 70,000 In tho other Paciflc States, and tho rest are reattered about fn the Btates cast of the Rocky Mouutaing, According to tho statls- tics of Prof. Torter, 41,000 Chincse eame to »Awmeriea tn the decado between 1850 and 1800, and 56,000 in the deende between 1860 and 1870, According to the Custom-Ilouse statlstics, 80,- 000 arrived betweon January, 1870, and April, 1870. Making a rensonable deduction from tho total number, 177,000, for deaths and returns to China, and it 1s falrly reckoned that the ro- mafnder would amouut to sbout 135,000, This catimate I8 conalderably higher than that oxhib- {ted by statistics pulislied In detafl fn the Son Fraucisco Evenlng Post of April 13, 1870, which gave a return of 110,000 as the number of Mon- golians now in the country. But, taking the figures ns they stand on the books of the Bix Chlucse Ctubs or Companles, and comparing these with the most authentic datn, Mr. Gibson concludes that o Just reckoning will place the wnmber of Celestlals among us on April 1, 1876, at 160,000, Taking fnto account the proximity of our Western ahiores to the coast of China, ond the attractions which have hitherto fnvited fmmigra. tion, there dogs not scem any serfous’ canae for alarin concerning the future, fn the fact that 150,000 Mougolians have heen added to’ ourl]xm» ulation In o term of twenty-five years, In a single r)cm- America hos reevived (rom Europe wore thay twice the wholo number that have cmigrated from Asla In a quarterof a century, The second pulnt fn Chineso problom whick demands carcfal fnvestigation, s the In- tiuence which this alien and pagau cletment cs- ublished within onr borders will have ubmn our elvillzatlon. 1t 14 averred by the antl-Chineso Fnrtv that tho effect of the Celeatinls among us ing been not only to degrade the labor market, and deprive white competitors of _employment, but to take out of the country a large dmount of Its wealths und, more than' all, to vitlate and demoralize the younie and weak-minded portlon of our ‘waplc, wharever brought o contract with the intruders, A partlal auswer to the Inst objection i found In tho statisties of the prisons and hospitals of Culifornfs, The Chincso population of Ean Francisco Ts about 50,000, ll of whom are males except gome 3,000, ‘I'ho Trish population of the dty uumbers neurly the saute; but the propure ton of women and ehildren amony the latter i very much ureater, as the Irlshman immigrates withs bis family, and the Chinaman leaves his, In most cases, behind him. — The ofiielal report of the Bau Franelseo City and County Hospital for the year ending Juno 50, 1873, give Totul nuinber of patlents, fucluding special boaplial for ChIBEAD.coveerisrerionare oo ShOTH Of these, there were natives of United States, 1, 114 Nativos of Iruland., 1,308 Natives of China...." (£ All otlier nationu)itfes . ‘That 15, aver % per cent of the wholo munber were Erlsh, less than @ per cent wero Chinese, Or, to put it fn other terms, about 23 per cent wero born {n the United States, and 74 per cent were forelmiers, Of thess last, overy other wman wus boru in Irclund; onefu thirly-geven was horus In Clilna, ‘The utticlal report of the 8an Franclsco Alinse Houso for the samo yoar shows: Natives of Ireland Natlves of China, Al uther nationalitios 108 ‘That s, about 29 per cent wero born in the Uulted Btates, 71 per cent wero foreliznerss svery other forelgner was an Irlshman, and not a Clilnainan was amons them, 1n the State Prison ut Ban Quentin, according 10 the testimony iven last autumn before tin Chiueso Commission, thero were 1,158 couvicts, 1 these, 169 wers from China, 160from Ircland, 184 trum other forelgn countries, and 615 were Datlve Amerlcans, About 400 of the totul num- v wure Romun Cathollcs, agalust 100 heathen ticse, O, compariog the Irish with thy Chinese azatn,—the two natlonalitics belng In wbout the samo force In the State,—thers ¥ere 160 of the former to 199 of the latter; 4 thy greater proportiou of males amon:s the Chiacaa population must not be omitted from b account. ‘Tho otficial reports of the Indus- trial dchool for the year cudive July 1, 1875, ve: Totul number, 225; native Americans, U4: from Ireland, 7; Ching, 4. Pest-House, : ¢ s time: * Total number, 225 Chinese, ne. 1t 18 truc that Chinese gambling-houses and dens of prostitution are tnaintalned by the mory yiclous amung them, in thelr own quar- ters; and that auch o&lum is smoked, und uch wickedness and filthfness sre practiced. 000 of these facts are omitted or excused In the vary explicit aud honest survey given by Mr, Gibsou of the coudition. cbaracter, und cus- toms of tho Asfatics fn Amerlcu, But uver 8alust these facts wro pluced the cquaily pain- ful oues that, by means of lu.-nvg biibes whica tho heuthen Chiiess pay to the Christian potleo aud ity officiuts of Ban Fraocisco, thelr gam- ling-bouses and brothels ure kept upen; dud thet the severul altempts whlch ¢ Chinese morchants have made to seod hak to China the wretched women who bave Leen brought over to panderto the Worst vices of their countrymen, have been Wearted by tho lustrumentality of Christisn lawyeis, acting under the sanction of the Chris- thwlnws of the United Statee. The fdolatry and the gnorance of the Chinese immiuranta are fad realities to contemplate; the vices aml ains to which many of them are adilicted aro sadder atills but the atd and encouragement which these Jst recelve from corrupt. citizens and ofllcials fn our Christlan land are undenia- bly the anddest realities [n the whole case. As laborers,—and it Is fn this relation chlefly that they are brought fnto_nssociation yith our communities,—the Mongollans arc Industrions, punctunl, patient, doclle, and frugal. ‘Thetr commerclal honesty 18 equal to that uf nay ather peonle; anid here, as cverywhere else, It Js ne- “m;twtllmlzud by lholu]who lllk:.- :‘Ilem least, that at they are scrupulous In the payment of thelr taxes and llmfl- dobts. d A8 to tlie sssertion that they have cheapened Inbor and taken emplovment away from white competitors, Mr, Uihson rclpllcs again by citing figures and facts. At the heginning of the hine mizration of the Chinesc, twenty-five yearsago, unskilled labor could not be bouzht of the white men on the Picifle const for Iess than $4 or §5aday, and was liard fo get at that. The Chinaman ‘was willing to scll unskilicd labor for half the price; and hereln bezan the war which lias since been violently waged amainst him. But has e really rufnously cheapened labor The excesslve rates which prevailed nt his ad- vent have indeed been reduced 3 and stitl, at the present dag, they remaln so hich 1hat capital dare not venture 1o Invest I manufactures to any great extent, and Callfornta fs obliged tu export most of her raw products and receive manufactured goods I return, whilo nearly overy year vist crops of wheat and fruit are left unhnrvested for lack ot laborers to gather them n nt paying rates, There is vet n great uusupplied demand for Iabor In the Gulden Stale; for the white man_ refuses to work for tices which capltal ean afford to pay, and the “hinese are not plentiful enongh nor skilled enaugh to answer the full requireiment, About 1,600 Chinese are eniployed ns house- servants fn8an Franclaco; but, fustend of plv- ing cheap service, they rccn‘vo higher wages than do domestics ‘n the Eustern States. Boys of from 12 to 16 yenrs of ‘Fe freal from Chnia, Ignorant of our language nd methods of jabor, are pald $2 and 83 a week and found. Youths three or four years older, who can_speak n few words of English and hiave some knowledge of housework,command 8310 §5 a week and fonnd 3 whils thosg who are ablo to vovk and wusli readily get from €6 to 88 a week, But such wages would not be pald theeo Asiatics If whito mien or wonicn could be hired to render equally o service at reasonable rates. Amcriean housckeepers would not take Chinamen to work in their kitchens and chambers were they not fmpelicd by the scarcity and Incfliciency of otlier servanta, ~ Agricnlture, manufactures, Induse trics, households, aro forced to depend mninl; upon the almond-eyed foreigners for labor; and yet the supply from this source, by enabling capital to extend the icld of its enterprises, has netually enlarged the demand for white labor. Tha report of the Chinese Commission, juat published, declares that th labor of the Chlieso hus greatly Increased the materlal prosperity of tha Pacllic States. It 1s the universal testimony of tho mannfacturers, fruit-growors, and agrie culturists of Californfa that, doLyrlml of thiy resource, ihelr Industries must bo erippled or disconthiued, because white labor cannot be rocured at prices which will altow thelr pro- ductions _to cum‘vew with those of tho Eastern Statee, Even with tho ald of ¥ Chinese cheap labor,” home-products are as. costly in the mar- kets of California as they are in_other parta of the country, For Instance: The culture of strawberries” depends chiefly upon the Inbor of the Mongolians, nnd yet sirawberries cost the consumcr more In San Franclsco than they do in New York, Philudelphia, and Chicago. Thio truth Ls, us Mr.Gibson demonstrates, there In no such thing as cheap labor yet known In the Pacific States, The demand is still so far beyond the supply that Jabor commanda highicr rates than clsewhere, and capital {s consequently the sufferer, l Itis a favorite charge agafnst fhe Chincsc, that they send or tuko homo the sums they have carnied by lubor and saved by frugality, and thus aredrafulng the country of wealth which it canill afford to lose, Mr. Uibson’s figures shiow Tiow much welght this charge actually carries, For tha the last twuutlv years evety Chiiaman ar- riving In wur ports haa been taxed §6 for the 4rrl\1lcuu of landing. Indeed,a part of the timo e has been taxed 850 for the privilege. Every year hepays o poll-tax of £2, and {s Ju 1f not compelled to pay this two or three tinies over unnually. The Chinese residents of,8nif Fran- els«wny overy year futo the Cliy Treasury 825,0001or liccuses, Lealdes this, they pay an fri- ternal-revenuc tax of $5,000 per aniitm, Last year the stamp-tax ou the vlfnro they manufac- tured fn that city amounted to £360, or over $1,000 for cvery working day, ‘The tax pald on real estate and " personal property was $9,000,— making in all, as Mr. Glbson romarite, *the grand total of public revemte from the Chinese of this city alone, durinz tho post year, of the tongnlficent sumn of $400,000, "fo set this statement In falr lght, it should be sald that there aro miore than' 50,000 white people in San Francirco who pay no taxes at all, and 10,000 others who do not pay altogether $9.000. Which class could Ban Franclsco the better afford, reckoning from o pecunlary ‘E,olm. of view, to expel frony her precinets: her 50,000 Chiucse, or a corresponding number of ber hn- pezunious whitesl The linposts on the article of rice, collceted inthe port of San Franclsco, amowit to over 81,000,000 §n gold anuually; the duty on ofl and uplum amounts to 8§250,000; and the dutles on other fmports Wllll.'ll‘, Wwith the forecoing, are '"“m'{ brought from Chinu and consumed by the Chtuamen, swell the total st to §2,000,000 ver annum, The Insurauce companles of tho elty receive from the Chinesa over $50,000 aniually for insurance. All the carrying trado hetweey China and the Pacifle Coast Ia done by American vessels, and last year fifty-two ships sud steamers arrived fn Sin Franciseo aloue, bLringing passengers and inerchandise from the “Flowery Kingdotn,! Chiwaren, like other wien, must consumo ood and wear clothing while they exist fn Awmcrica. Many of them wear our gurments, our boots and hats, and they are very fond of watclies, jewelry, and sewlog-machines, They nlso eat our fish, lxu-l. pork, and potatoes, For park alone thev pay tho producers on the Pacific Coast over 500,000 annually, ‘1f we would ftemlze the varions products which they eon- sume,"” says Mr. Glbaon, “wo shall flad that they do not send home over 10 per cont of their cariloga, Now, allowing cuch nan to carn $100 @ year, this will flve $750,000 of their carnings sont home to Ching, as against $6,000,000 Of thelr carnfugs spent fn this country,. and $2,400,000 pakl to our revenues in taxes and enstoms.” - Finally, conciudes Mr. (ibson, It should {n justice bie remembered that Amerlean snerchanta in China amasa and bring here for- tunca which “amount every year, in the amgre- gate, Lo five Hines more than” ol these China- :luu"n ",:’{1‘3“" to China as the fruits of their fly Lol T Kn Chinesa own aver 8800,000 worth, of real eatato fn 8un Francisco, aud pay in reuts alone over $1L,00O,000. There fs one other contribu- tion made by them to the revenue of the ety which must not be forgotten, although 1t s not openly acknowledged tior recorded In'the offielal necounts, - Aceording to trustworthy and abumlant Chinese authority, the * specials of the Polico Department recelve 85 a week from each gambilng-louse fur protection, ¢ A few months ago,” writes Mr. Glbson, *in the courss of an hour, I counted cigity of thess gunbling-dens, and then did not count them ull; but NG o week, or §1.600 u month. Besides this weekly sum, cach gam- bling-houso pays 318 o month Lo certaln per- sous supposcd to represent the * Clty-Hull," whatever that may he; S0X819=81,000 plus 81,000~82,(40 mouthly corruption feet patl by the viclous Chineso to the upright ofilcials of San Franclsco. Notwithstanding the taxes which tho Chlneso pay to support the City Government and its fu- atitutions, not one of. thun con tind admittance into the public schools of San Franiisco, In onder that bis ignorauce, out of which so much of bis wickedness grows, may bo remedied. To pro- vhie sumu few ol them with an avmrluuny to risu from the depths of thefr benlghted condi- tion, five ditferent Chrlstian denomiuatlons have established misson schuols and_services, which are conducted Sundays aud week-day ovenings, 'The total rull+all of these schools was, fn May, 1870, 8,500, aud the uverage uttendunce sbout 1,750, As a regult of tho cfforts to Christianlze tno Chi fu Culifornly, about 800 have been baptlzed in the various churchies, and 100 are vt the list of probatiuners or eatechumens, In ad- dition to those who have made a pubdle professton of Christlanity, there may bu counted 4,000 ar 5,000 who bave renounced [dolatry, and adopted :lll lthcury, at least, the Chbristlan faith fu one o Beaides the several denominational missions, there I8 @ *Clincas Young Men's Chiristlan An- soclutlon,” eubrclug Chr and all others of good moral character who have forsaken fdolutry and van be {uduced to become wembers, ,The” misstonary work smong tho degraded Chiness woulet has been rewarded with some encouraging fruits, Duriog tho last three years the number of women dwelling at the asylum conuected with the Methodist Mis- sfon biss been ot Tess than twenty at suy time, sud sometimes bas been twenty-six, In all, seventy-tive women have been brought under its saviug care. Ten have been sent buck to China, #ifteen have been recelved luto the churcl, seventeen have been marrled, and a few Lave gone out to take care of themselves. Mr. Gibsou cstimates that thero ars nbout 6,000 Chinese women in this country, most of whom ure of the vilest cluss, und ure bought aud sold ko slaves, As oy evidencs of soims Impruvewent fu the worals of the Mungolians through the efforts of the mlsalonsries, Mr. Gibyvws states that he bus bimsel! warricd forty couples after the Chrlstian forms In the Jast three years, Mr."Uibson's Tong restdence §n Chinn, his famiHarity with the fangunze of the conntey, and Bia tany yenrs of missionary Jahor minong the Chiue: San Franclaen, have given him an intimate vdge of thelr eharacter nnd ca- pacities, and the circumstances of thelr con- dition, can lie supposeil to have no sgotive in denling with the question of thele resldenco amonge us but that of setting forth the truth, ‘This he han apparently done with exactness aml fmpartinlity, “‘The abstract we have given of his work serves Lo siow the drift of its argument, and the fullness of the statisties upon which it fabased. And yet we have not touchied wpon the interesting contents of the chapters devoted to the civillzation of the' Chinese iplre, to tho Chincs: question from n Chinese standpolnt, and to the *&ix Companica and slavery: nor lave we more than barely alluded to the sctllons_ trenthiz of Chie neso women fn Amerlen, and other cequally tn- portant features of the Chinese problen, “But, in connection with the reporis ol ths Chinese Commlssion, and with the partisan epeeches and writings emanating from the antl-Chineae party, shoulil’ be read without fuil this catneat, Teank, al inatructive plea for justice to the Chinutnun in Awmerfea, ART=AT-110M 13 A PLEA FOR ART IN TI 100! PECIAL REFERENCE TO t TuronTaNce AND Mouats, By W, Autlior of ** 1 and n Wonks or AnT, s Encation or Tastk o, Lopmir, 1L Ay, FLS. A, Out of London." _ 12mo. v, 10 BUGUESTIONK FOR HU(‘BE~&)‘II{)('GRA\TION N PAINTING, WOODWOR FURNITCRE, By dttona and Auxga (i 3umo, pp, 10, Philadelnhia: Parter & Coates, Chicagos Jane aen, McClirg & Co., and Madley Lros. & Co, Price, 81 per,solume, The **Arteat-Home Scrles, originating in England, aid teproduced in Ancriea, opens With two Inferesting and suggestive volumes, which will be read with profit by every actun or prospeetive proprictor of n lome, They are written by authors who have made o profottnd study of the subject of lionschold art-decorn- tion, and who treat 1t with the fntellfgence that cames from an extended practienl knowledgo of 1ts principles, ‘Iho style of both books fs plain and carnest, conveying the ldeus sought to bo mparted na direct and matter-of-fact manner. ‘Fhie volume by Mr. Loftie scta forth the ad- vantages of coileeting art-objects, such as plet- ures, prints, books, china, and furniture; and &ives uscful advico ns: to thelr sclection, and thelr disposition In rooms and cabluets. The ceonomny of buying articles which are valuable for thelr beauty Is cspeclully emphasized ; and many fucldents are quoted to"show that money expended In objects of genulne artistic worth {s prafitably Invested, 3 The treatise by the Misacs Garrett is intended to furnish some simple rules for general guld. ame fu the internal decoration of dwellings oe- cupled by ons of moderate means.” The prinelple Is Tald down, that it costa no more to equip and adorn a house fn accordanee. with the laws of art, which make it o perpetus] pleasure and rest to those who inliabit it, than it does to furnish and _adorn it after the ordinary u holaterer’s fidea, therehy rendering it n slmplo advertisement of the Juiv standard of taste that prevails among artlsans and thelr patror The apt Iflnn is ndopted by tho authors of sketehing the interlor of o modern house as it §s generally finfghed and furnished, and then shiowing bow the meaning and clarm of the same dwelling nught be enhanced by harmonizing n each roont the rcgulrcnu.-nh of ‘use aud heauty, ‘The Series will be continucd with cssays upon Drawing and Paluting, Dress, Family™ Mugle, Domestie Architecture, Gardening, Sculpturs und Carying, ete, et NO-NAMIE SERIES, THE GREAT MATCH, AND OTHUER MATCII- K8, 16mo., pp. 203, Toston: Roberts Broa. Chieago: "ll"‘e,‘ Tros, & Co. Price, 81, Tho “gzreat mateh,” around which all the minor incldents {n this story circle, §s o contest between two base-ball clubs supported by rival villages In Now tand, Thoso who are in- terested fu what Lias become the nationnl game of the United States will be attracted to o fle- tlon whoso schiéme rests fu every part upon the separate and collective adventures of an athilotle and well-trained * uine,” It fs imnossible to askcit that the enrlosity awnkened by the book will vot bo dirappoitted. The * No-Nune Berles ** {a popular, and will insure to his last number a certalu success; but through Ita own merit it could not wingreat favor, It Is renlly, I all respects, a decidedly erude production. ASTRONOMICAL. ASTNONOMICAL MYTIS. Dasrp ox Fras. danton's **Histony or minz Heavess' My dJouN F. Drakz, 12m0., 421, Macmlllan & Co, Chicago: Co.’ Price, §1. ‘Thera is n good deal of Interesting matter of a popular character in this treatlse on the early history of Astronoty, It traces tho first bo- Etnnings of the aclence among the nuclents ond tho Celts, recounts the various myths which have been nssoclated with the heavenly bodles, describes the successive natronomical aystems Wwhich have heen founded by men of selence, res tructs the cosmorraphy aml geography of cacres of classiea) and medieval tines, and Jresents much other lore of o kindred unture, Thu book fs neatly published, and profuscly f1- Tustrated with five maps and engravings. i i RUTANICATL, WOOD'S ILLUSTRATED PLANT-RECORD, AND QUIDE 70 ANALYSIS, VAPTLD AT Aurnicay Borany, Hq. 8vo. New York: A, 8. ilarnes & Co, P'rice, 00 conts, In this work we have an lmproved and en- larged form of the Plant-Recort by Mr. More pun, which was fssued by the Messra, Barnes & Co, several years ago. The book will b found useful to students of Hotany, habltuating thom to u tmore umrm:fh method of analysis than s usually practiced. It 8 very tempting when clasaifying & new Irll\"l. to snve trouble by shrowd grucagen stpplementing a hoaty scrutinyy but.the better way {8 the slow, exart one fn- sured by writine out a full deseription of all the parts, a8 provided o the Plant-Record, BOOKS RECEIVED, MARSHALL'S NAVIGATION MADE RASY:on, THE MARINER'S DAILY - ARRISTANT AND S13. . Iy HEXUY MARAILALL, HvO,, Dy ee, Clieago: Jansen, MeClhirg & Co, Price 91,5 BAS] it THE Crosarn Pazil, A Love-Svony ¥ Moneny Larg, 1y WiLke Cotisw, Author of **Tha Dead Becret.” ole, By po. 1 Philndelphin: T, B, P'elorson & 1 Chlengo: llmllv{ lirew, & o, Price, 81, CHRISCIAN CONCEPTION ~ AND EXPERI. ENC Av 1, T A, etc., ete, The Auihor's EEN THUNDRED AND HUNDRED ) CEXTURIER, A hor of V4 firceato Phllmh‘lrllln: I8 Lippincott Nodley itroe. & Co. Price, 81. PERIODICALS RECEIVED, gton, ™ ete. & Lo, Chleago: PENN MONTILY for March (Penn Monthly Ase votiation Philladelphia), Contents: **The Month n tho Orgenization of the Centenndal Exhlbition * Free Cotnoge and a 8 Adjusting Jtatle, " by Thomas Jialchs *+ Art Schools,™ by Chriviopher Dresser; *The “Chinowo Opluine Trude, '] by tho Rev, Gonrge C. doi **Fox Hourne's Lifo of Locko™ ** Now Books, ' LITERARY WOKLD for March (S, . Crocker, Hos. ton), . NATIONAL TEACHERS' MONTHLY ‘for March (A. 5. Tlarncs & Co., New York aud Chicago), Lll'l"l;l;‘l,{:‘s I.h\'lN(l AGE—Current numbora (Lit- ol Guy, Ho PUBLISI s WEEKLY—Current numbers (¥, Loypoldt, Now York). 4 *CTILE JERICIIO ROAD, Whila the queston, *Who wrote $The Jericho Road* 1" fs still unsettled, the book bas sehioved In London the compllment of ane nouscement for fwmediate republication by (corre Routledgo & Buns, Al the seenes ana incldents of the book aro fald fu Illinols, so that 1t lterary qualitles alune must - have won for :r. this ttll‘nll,uu!l«in ";no SOITOWS uml] lmuror- unve of “Poor Le are just as touchivg and pathette 1o London & b T LOUHLE psbes il iy FAMILIAR TALK, TIHE KAYIRS, In relating her novel expericnces aa a houses Keeper fu the Colony of Natal, Lady Barker speaks frequently of the Kullrs, tho native race of negrocd, on whow the whites depeud almost oxclusively for service, both fn<loors and out. The women of the tribo are so occupied at homa 1u attendance upon the lordly sex that they can seldow bo euguged to labor fur s allen people, and the Kafir men are, therefore, chietly om- ployed by the colonlsts for the performance of every sort of work that ¢an bo done by human bands, Tue Kafirs arc, asa race, gentle and docile, aud cager (o learu, altbough carcless, awkward, and fuvorrigibly lazy. The bablt of dlencas which bas'been practived throuzh many sges is Lard to overcome, and pot until the ueeessltivs cugendered by civilization foree them 1o industry will the Kaflr men submit to work with regularity and determinntion. A8 a race wiites Lady Barker, “the Kaflrs make the effect of posaessing a fine physlque; they walk with an erect bearing nnd alightatep, but In true lelsurely savage fash. fon. 1 have scen the black race in four diferent quarters of the plobe, and I never saw one sin- gle individual move quickly of his own free wiil, We must hear in mind, however, that it s a new and altogether revolutionary fdea to n Kafir that he should ao any work at all. Work is for women—sar or Idleneas for men; consequently, thiefr fixed idea ts 1o do as little as they can; and no Kaflr will work after he has carned'moncy. enough to buy o aullicient numnber of wives who will work for him.” The printitive costume of the iKafir conslsts of a walst-cloth and Innumerable _rings on the lews and arma; but he Is aulek to adopt’the dress of the white man, eagerly sppropriating any caste ol grarment or artlele of *finery with which lie can attire or adorn bis person, ‘The race are ex- tassively addicted to the use of anuil, and “ Al} wear spufl-boxes in thele vars,—snull-boxes made of overy conceiveahle material,—hollow s, cowrls, tizer-cats’ teeth, old cartridge- weorn-phiells, empty chrysules rome large moth,—all sorts of nfscelluncous rubbish which vould by any means be turned to this use” “Thie tecth of the Kafirs are exceedingly fine, and excellent care Is taken of them,—the” habit prevalifng of frequentl thusieg the mouth and polishing the tecth with u bt of wood, until they glisten like pearls, Hut it 18 in the manufucture of his heal-gear that the Katlr extibits the tricmph of his fn. menuity, A singular style of dresaing the hair, in fusliton with ull the tribes, is arranged In the followlng manner: **80 soon as u vouth is cone sidered old enough Lo assume the duties and re- rponsibllities of manhiood, lie beglns to weave his short, erlsp hair overa ring of grass which exactly fits the head, keeping the woolly hair in Its place by means of wax, Jn time, the hair Fm‘“ peeleetly smooth, and shinjug, and regy- ar over this firm foundatiun, aud the cffect Is as though it were n ringof jet or polished ehony worn round the brows,” Dillerent trilies stight- Iy yary the siza and form of the ring.” To tompleta the decoration of this artificial crown tlic Kulle selzes upon everything fantns- tie and consplenous that his hands may falt upon. Every feather of bind or fowl that comes 1uto his possesston is (nstantly fastened in sume grotesque manner In the circlet of hale sur- motinting the head, and the wearer exulta ln thio staring npimmlux:c with the vanity of o child. Bome particalurly-fanciful head-iresses exhib- fted on'a certaln finpusing ocension are thus de- seribed by Lady Barker: “ One atalwart vouth had got hold of the round cardboard 11d of & collar-hox, to whicit_lie had aflixed Lwo' bits of atring and tied {t firmly, but jauntily, on one side af s liead. Anotlicr lud “had (ivented o niost extraordinary decoration for his wool-corv- ered putey nnd one which it {s umefllngllv diffl- cult to deseribe fn delieate Janzuage, “He had procured the utestines of some small unimal, o lamb or & kid, and lind cleanced aml seray ll thew, and tied them tightly, ut intervals of,an fnch or two, with steine. This serles of amali, clear bindders he had then inflated, and arrang- wl them fua sort of bqut‘uc!.on the top of hly head, akewering tufts of his crlap haie between, an that the fteet rezembled a bunch of bub- blesy if there could be sucha thing. Another very fuvorite adornment for the head conslsted of watrlp of pay cloth or ribbon, or of oven n few bright threads, bound tightly, Itka a flllet, ncross the brows, and confluing n tuft of feathers over one cars but I suspect all thiese fanciful srrangesnents were only worn by the eikled youth o “a lower claes, because I no- tieed that the chieftains and indunas, or head- men, of the villaires never. wore such frivolitice, They wore, indecd, numerous slender rings of brass or silver wira on their strafiht, shapely Tegzs, amil also neeklaces of Hons' or tigers' claws and tecth round their throats; but these were lrunhlcg of the chase, a8 well s personal orna- men The natlve hut, or kraal, of a Kafir is shaped Mo o bee-hive, and has but one sperture, # low door, through which the tumates manuze to crawl, hut which admits very little Meht to the elreular room within, The frame of the hut I bullt of bamboo-cance, closely tied and bound together, and afterward thatched with gruss and lustered with clay, Tho furniture of the kraal 8 of the seantiest description, conststing princl- lmllr of skins aud mats for bedding, and'n fow m‘»lcmcnu for hunting and cooking. The language of the Kafirs {s very musieal, cmplnrlng chledy the vowel and liquid sounds, 1t s dificadt for the natives to pronounce the harsh consonnnts occurring In' the English tongue, and Unvarlably fs mnde to take the place of 7. In telling 0f hier_attempts to teach a very brlght, apt yotngr girl to read the Bible, Lady” Barker remnrkst “She cannot say “auch,'—it 18 too harshy—and the nearest we can areive at, after many oforts,.is * susl.’ Alwost every word s o vowel tacked on to the end, g0 ns to bring it as near to her own ll?uld. soft-sounding Zulu as poseible. I think ‘What upscts mo mos I8 to hear our first parents perseveringly ealled * Dam and Eva '3 hut, fne doed, most of _the Dible names are dlfticult of recognition. Yet her {dlows are perfect, aud she * apcaks fn well-chosen, ruther elegout pliraseologwy, " MEDICAL §CITOOLS, Tho * Revort of the Commissioncr of Edu. catlon for 1876" contains statistics of 106 schools of medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy,— an Increasa of soven over 1874. Of theso “ schools, sixty-five are regular, and have 809 {n- structors and 7,618 studonts; four are Eclectle, and have thirty-six instructorsand 393 students; cleven ure Homeopathie, and buve 180 Instruct- ors and GB4 students; twelve are dental, and have 185 instructora and 469 studeuts; and four- teenare pharmacentical, and have fifty-six in- structora and {22 students. A marked advanco sines 1674 §s noted In the requiremonts demanded of candidates for mu- triculation by three prominent medleal schools, The Boston Universit rcrluin-n that its stu. dents shall have n colfeglate degree, or be ablo to pass an exnmination proving o aultable scho- lastle preparation for entrunce into o learned prufessfon. "The University of Michigan de- mands: thu same of the students entering both {ta dental and medical schools; while Hurvard University will, after the - be ginulr of - the ° peadembe year 187773, weume o sinilar - position. ” Y% 'The Ul versity," suys Prealdent Etlot of Harvand, $Hu taking this action, Is only doing its duty to the learned professions of law nud medicine, which have been for fifty years fn pracess of degrudation through the barbarons prictice of admitting to them persons wholly destitute of axdemle culture." It 13 stated of the traintng schiool for nurses at Bellevus Hospital, New York, that the ex- periment begun ay, 1878, lus proved i suc- vess, Lhe course lusts two years, aud (o Muy, 1675, the first cluss uf slx wus graduatea, and Iy January, 1870, 4 second class of seven. VALUABLE PICTURES, The highest price ever given fora modern pleture was pald for the so-called * Portralt of the Duchess of Devoushire, by Galusborougii,” 1t was luciuded in the colleetion of tho late Mr, Wynn Ellfs, aud was sold for about $30,000, ‘The reason for {tsUringing this large price {s sakl by Mr. Loftle to bo becauss {t was very pretty. “Asa critic observed, it was aa graceful us o Reynolds, as pretty as a Lawrence, and as full of expresslon as u Galnsborough, It wasnot o matter of much consequence that ¢ boron damaged reputation, and that persons of au- thority were not wanting who sald it was not the Uuchess of Deyonshire, aud was uot by Usinsborough." It 1% sall that Landscer's *Twa Dogs," paluted dn the early part of that artist’s carecr, was the first picture bought by Mr, Sheepshank, who afterward Lecanio a great collector, and that ho pald &150 for the vlcture, 1t {8 now worth a hundred thincs that sum. EDUCATION IN BELGIUM, Belzium, with a population of 5,230,000, has thirty-nine normal schools for primary fustruce tlon,—1, ¢, one normal school for every 141,070 inbabltants, The avernge yearly expense of the Btate for educational purposes 13 about §2,400,000, from {wo-fifths to onv-half ‘of which sum Is devoted to primary Instruction. The schools are chiefly fu the bands of the Catholie cleruy, aud, although the State hos made great cfforis to effect huprovements In thelr condl- tlon, the advance has not been very sntistactory, Bteps are being taken to Introducs naturul sulence foto tho primary schools, und the foundase Uon of central and local {n:ln;:umu museuins on the plan of that at 81, Petersbuns fs uritated. A uscum 1s Lo be opened In Brusseis, {n which the various methods and apparatus used fu the Leat schuols of Europe and Awerica will be ex- bilited for discussion sud experment, plik e int ART-BALES, At the second and closing sale of the art- works, orlglual aud collected, left by 3, Diaz, palutings Ly Corot, Delacroix, Millet, Tassaer, Barye, and Bir Joshua Reynalds were disfosed of ut good prices. After these,a swall carved waluut cabloet of the perfod of Heury II., with iucrustations of Ulack murble velned with white, L was sold for 1,500 francs; a clock fu marquetr, of copper and tortolse-shll, decoruted wit bruuzes chascd aud ghlt, period of Louls X1V, two fire<lozs, puriod of Lonly ilt, composed 'of urne, ornaiment- el with festoons and flonces, 13X franss; tapeatry of the efghteenth century, renresenting a romance of chivalrey, 3,100 francs: anclent fere kian earpet, Hoht-blie ground, 1,000 fraucs, The "‘.’.’v"' suin reallzed by both rales was nearly 76,000 A BIG MUSIC-BOX, The largest musie-box In the world hns bLeen recently manufactured at Jfeneva for the Khe- divoof Egypt. It plays 132 tunes, by means af eleven cylinders, and eost 20,000 france. Elght- cen tnonths of assiduous Iabor were spent in jts coustruction. ‘Thecase fs of chony, and fs s large ns a full-sized gideboard, 1t $a fnlaid with zine and brass work, and ornamented with bronze chasingsand plates. The interior is sall to be a perfeet marvel of mechanienl Ingenulty, Ineluding )l the Intest Improvements, und he- ing finlaied with fute, fute-basso, drimebeils, and castancta. TIIE MANUFACTORY OF SEVRES, The new porcelafunanufactory ot Sevres, six miles southwest af Pariy, has been oven to the publicsince the 1st of danuary. Free ade misalon Is permitted on Bunduys and fete<lays, contrary to Lhe ofd custom, which closed even the museum to the outer world excent on work- Ing days, hy cards to the wark-roume on Mondaya, Thurs. days, and Eoturdays, and to the gallories of mudern products on evers day of the week, Sundaye no cards are required, but the work- ruomsare then clused. TIHE CUINA MANIA. At ndate sale fo London of majolica, Hise pano-Moresco, Oriental, and other styles of glazed ware, a pink jor and cover oMUriental poreelain, withuhirds In white and medalllons of ilgures, twenty-nine nches high, brought the pretty sum of $000. E SPARKS OF MUSICAL FISITEN, In an Intcresting artlele tu the American Nat- wralist, Dr. Chiarles C, Abbott gives an sccount of lifs Inguiries Into the voenl capacities of some of our freeh-water fishes. It {a generally sup- pused that the fluny tribes are destitute of the power to emit sounds, and that whatevernbility they may have to communicate with each other {inds expreselon In the eloquence af motlon or in the susceptible language of thetouch. Butft has Jately come to the knowledge of naturalists that various specfes of fishes do posscss the rudlinents of a volce, and that certain of themn are capable of producing sounds of such reso- nance and continulty as to give thern romio shadow of tzht to the name of tusical flshes, Dr. Abbott lins founded, upon his obsersations of the inmates of the squarum hs well as upon the Inhabitants of free waters, the opinion that the fishes endowed with voleo use the gift as birds do, cxpressly In the palring season, and for the utterance of the Instinet of love, Asfutho feathered tribes we find the best singers among the auttest-colored birds, ko with the fislics; Dr. Abbott discovers the traces of o volce In those species which aro most soberly tinted. Tofllustrate this e with clearness, hiehas ranged the sixteen specles of fiah which Tie hus especatly studled In two tables, which uro hiere reproduced: TA Dritliant Colors, Yellow perch Common aunfieh, Handed suntieh, BLE 1. Dull or Silrery, §pinelees perck, Mud sunfieh, Gzzard shad, ed-fin. Mullet, Eel. Catiish, Jamprey, * TARLE 11, Supposed Vacal Porcer. . Volceless, Elune ean pereh, Yellow perch, Mud sunfla, Caminion aundsh, Gizzard shad, Teed-talled oy Mulfet, Lamprey, Catfish, ) Eel. Yed-na, The chub (Semotilus corporalis) emits a grant- ing nolse when taken from the water; but, ns Dr. Abbott has not detected theso soundsunder any other circumatances, ho concludes that the fish may not huve the faculty of voluntarily vroducing them. Tho mud sunfish (dcantha- rena pomotls) 1s highly colored, and yet undenia- biy has thegift of volce. Buch cxceptions to the rule that volee and high coloratfon do uot 2o together, are regarded by Dr, Abbott as evl- denees of o gradual change in the charncterlstics c‘:lt flslies, which is the ustural result of cvolu- on. Tlhie species which’ have Urillant tiuts are active throueh the day, when the play of thelr attractive colors Is visible; but the fishes which are voen! are partlally, f not strictly, nocturnal In hubit. The commion suntlsh (Zonutle vul- paria), which dcrcmls upon its brichtly-pafuted cont to socure him tanate, comes out from the deep water ut the approach ot spring, and, spurting In the sunny shallows where his charws - will muke the . display, winsa o companion before the end of Mar, “But the courtship of thls gaudy flah,** vwrites Dr. Abbott, ‘'has been no casy matter, Hundreds of his kind, as bricht us he! like him, striven to clear the field of uvurr i the clear waters are often turbld with sand and grass torn from the bed of the stream, 88 the ulder tales chase each other from: polut to point, endeavorfug by o successful snap to rob cach other of o' fin. No courtahip-battles umong birds are more carmestly fousht; and, as the bird with bedragyled feathurs ts wisecnough to withdraw trom the contest and qmuuy seclka mate when lis sofled plumnze 13 In'part re- stored, eo the suttlsh with mangled sns retires from {ho nestins-groun But not u sound has been mnde by th zelted fishes, except Ut of the rpnilug water wien eut by thele fius_ua they chanced to reach above the ce. Never, When for a moment quict, have we chanced to'sce tho dellcate chain of slivery bubbles that escape from the mouth of the bass (mud suntisti) when, shall wo say, calliog o its luate. 3 On the other hand, the catfish (.tmeirrus lynz) L) r\ulut thraugh the day, maklmgno movements which are not directed {o the eearch for food. After sunset, however, the catflsl becomes sude denly anlmated, and, in the breeding scason, numbers congregate togethier In some Hinfted ares where thelr preseney mn[ be detected by both varand ¢ 4 By careful, patient waiting, wo may hear, even frum the deeper waters, o fieullu humming sound, that, i noticed nt’ all, ¥ most people would be refeered tu the Inse Hto teeming sbout them, 1f, knowing or sus- peeting the trucorigin of this '{.u-m.lu MUrmr, We cun, withont alarm ho fsh, float our boat mn-hn‘y to a polut directly above them, we will find thai scores of chutis of little alr-bubbles uro rising to the surface; and, as the sound Iucreases o dies uway, i proportion to the abundance or absence of the bubbize, It §s safe to refer tho sound to tho fishea that, by volun. tarily expelling tho alr from thelr bodies, pro< duce tho murmirs we have mentloned, nt, thuuks to the aquarium, by its ald we have von- firzned I8 ‘Tho spincless perch, or *plrato" (Aphro daderus mqunm), mentioned n'tho tables, largest only ubout four fuches lomyg; yet Dr. Abbott I alinost sure that sound wccoinpanies the expulsion of uir froni ts body, aud that the {emales of tho sumo species hear the note, The Kizzard. (Durosonuas ceped tuns) utters n % vory sudible, whirrlng sound, “not unlike the decper notes of & conrso strivg of an Follan harp, ‘Those who inay havo notieed, st tinibs, the yibrating thrill that ariscs from the wind pass- ing over u number of wlu;i.'raulrwlm will have heard a sound uearly {dentical,” ’l‘he mulict (Voivstoma oldongum) develops en unusual activity lu April, and at ulght, swhnming qulite near the surfuce, emits & ’lmlungta note, see compauled by a dischargo of alr-bubblcw, whicl Iu the moonlight glisten like silver “bewds, “Bwimming in this way, the mullet will often pmcefll o Lundred yards, uttering their pecuitar dmu' lm“-ur fivg tiiues widlo passiug uver thut 1stance. Of all the fishes noted. by Dr. Abbott, the common eel (Anyullls aeutirvstrls) 1s the thost decidedly musical, Its note Is u #lngle call, often repeated, and of ‘s metullic tone, The 1lsh Is uocturual In babit, aud Dr. Abbott states that ho hoy nover heard fts volos exvept ut gight, Toquote from bls ucvount: “Whey o Jarge numbcr of eels ure congregated (u a sinall space, ws when fecding on some decayed auhinal, T have heard this note very frequently repeated ; and, frum the voluwe of souud, l{udge that large cols only utter u noto that fidlslluu(ly ol dible. It Is well known that this tlsh occustous ally leaves the water voluutarily, and wanders a cunsideruble distaucs to other struatus or pouds and wheu, throuzh protracted droughts, a pond buecuines quite dry, while othicy Hehes purlsh, the ecls suller little fuconvenicuce, us, wnukelike, thy crawl at niglit over o cousidersble streteh of [and, guided by somwo undetenuined fustinet, 10 tho neureat water. At such a time tho cel will occasionally utter thiy same clear ot eape- clully if surpriscd, From what [ have been oble to detenuine concerning thess overtand jour- peys of the eel, they are” undertaken ouly when ahe grass §s well wiolstened with dew; und » surface of any extent devold of thick veretation is an effectual barricr to thelr progiess.” Ou belug taken frow the water, the el w Hereafter visitors will be -ndmitted. u‘l‘hvrntu\md somewhiat Hhe the faint squeak of a monse, 3 In conchiding the subject of the dissociation of vofce and coloration tn_fishice, Dr, Abhott re- marks: It ls not fmprobable that, In carifer genlogleal eiax, fishes generally were of somhre e, and poscessed more decided vocal powers fhan nt presents aud that, la the subsequent Mifferentiation of genera and epiectes, color was more and more evolved an o generle character, and volea heeame proportionately lees a feature of our fishes. hut was retained {n kume, and re- apneara In still atrunger development in those eonnecting links between vertehrates, colminating the batrachiane, where it Is perfected Ly the presence of o larynx."” 4 WATER IN TREES. In cold weather the branches of certaln trees sometimes bend downward very much more than In mild weather. In studyingthis phenom- enon, Prof,, Geleznow has observed thatita cause slepends upon the temperature aswell ns the hu- mility of the atmosphere. The researches whicli he wés then led to conduct in orler to ascertaln the amount of water in different 1arts of the branches under diverse atmospheric conditions, brought out some fnteresting results, which are thus reported in Nature: ““The tiest part of thcse researches proved, (1) that the amount of water Increases in cach branch from its base 1o its summit; (2) that the barl of the larch throumhout the vear contains more’ water than the wood; and (3) that, In conlferze, the upper part—, e., the part above the pith of a horizontal branch—contains always mote waler than the lower part, whilst fn othier treca—as, for fustance, the birch—the con- ditlons are reversed; altogethier, that coniferm and_dicotviedones seem to powess opposite wrcruc- as_rezards the distribution of wwater n the tree, Farther researches, published now In full, Introduced new elements fnto the {nquiry, namely: the vArsing amount of water ju the barkand the wood. 1t nppears frow these rescarclies that humidity of thewood ond dryness of bark liave a constant reltion that, i1 certaln trees (fir and mn;;lc), the wol remalng throuzhout the vear drier .than the hark, while, In others (birch and aspen), this ia the cure only during s pnrt of the year, the situ- aitons befne reversed at other thies, The rela- tions between the humidity of the bark and that of the wooil arc g0 constant that u uscful clasi- Ocatfon could be hased onthem. It appears, fur- ther, that the smallest amount of *water con- talued Ly the branches of ceriain trees—as, for Instance, the fir—is observed during the scason when the vegetation is in fullest vigar; and that thix drcumstance, ns well 08 some other im- portant fucts, {8 In close relatfon with the devels opment of leaves, Altogether, the resesrches, which are yet far from being complete, promise to disclose, and probably to explain, a varlety of very Interesting facts.”” - TUNGSTATE OF SODA. Accordng to the Baston Journal of Chemistry, wood which has been'Ymmersed fnn “plekle of u solution of tungstate of soda Is thereby rendered Incombugtible under ordinary condl- out izuiting the wood. subjected to the tungstate, charred by the flames., weeks' thme, of llme, In large quantitics.” IIONEY-DEW. or other Inscets, but Is a sccretion of the leaves Camellla japonica which cxuded Loney-dew on the surface of the leaves fin such quantitics as to form la; tinually full to the ground, thera weee 1o fn- sects on the plant, a sticks, cotorless fluld, of a sweetish taste, and contalidng gum, The process by which this honey-dew was formed, Prof, which supeared on the leaves of an discavered 1o be due to the cnce of Ceens, ing, per anum, a saccharine socretfon that s much sought by bees. - 7 BRIEF NOTES, off a banch. o statuo to Licbig, up to Jan, 1, 1677, to 835,000, after the deduction of penses, of tho recelius, mounted brated in his native city, Brunswick. April, 1857, It Ia iutended to lay the doundation-stone of a status to be ral to bis inemory, . Ill‘ as been popalarly believed that tho color 0! reen-bearded oysters found near weed ealled **erow-silk," lablt In bats, which was observed In londuras, The Lats were about Aix Inches I expanse, and of Mm?r color, exactly resembling that of the bark of the mangrove-trees ou which they settled, ‘Thoy Invariubly clung to the trunk ar bough of the'tres with winfl expanded, and in this position could scarcely tho distance of a few feet. The lfting power of the soft, tender shoots of u growlug plant fs shown In tho fullowing The tiles lald ai- ineldent vecurriug in Ircland: rectly upon the earth to form the kitchen-tioor of 8 new teucment: wero pushed up and dis- placed by the young stems of the commun ¢lder, The tenant of the Lousy suffered the plant to grow aa a curlosity, and- it throve luxu- vlantly In'its singular, altuatlon. $ » Tho statement that the cel subsists upon veg- etablo food s contradicted by O, Melsheimer, Who has been studying the hablts of this animal for mapy years, Tho contentsdf Its stomach provo that “its food {8 exclusively animal. It acems 10 be especially fond of the river-lamprey (Lctromyzon sluviatails). 'Ihe cel spawns i ths #cat und this sccounts for its movements down stream {n August and September, und up stream in April. Mr. John Phin, of New York, is proparing a catalogue of relating to imilcroscopy, which should b a boon to all Interested in the subject. 1t will not only elve the size, date, and price of the worksaied, but, where possl- slbley o noty describing thelr contents and s clal value, 1t will be the aim of the complm to make the Mat completo n works In the English lunzruaze, whito It will Include sany fu other tongues. A spurlous preporation fu fmitation of becs- wux has heen ruccesstully Introduced fnto the European market. A spucimtn analyzed by the chemiat Hell was fourd to consist of 60 per cent of parafliue und 40 per cent of yellow plie resin, cast {n the usual mold, and couted over with & thin layér of the genulne waterlal. The decep- tiun may be easily detected, as beeswax has o wpecile um\'ll{ of 0.900-0.96% and will loat Inthe Lig, Ammon. Caust, of the Uarmacopela; whilo resinols preparat oy witl sink to tho i NEVER SATISFIED, like those wmontloned, White fiod bestows 11ls best and dearest gifls, That o'cr tho carth llle soveretgn love may relzn. “Tis truc that Wo arv uever satlatied, Sluce we s 0ft complaln, Let Hls rich gifte of lfe, of hesrt, and bowe, g scaitercd gl alongih nmi‘- wre, tways, always reschlng ouf For more, for sometilug mare, We donot uften tuke what cutaes 1o us, K;lnrnllxu llfiluk-. n‘llh r’ul ll‘;lhl"ltfl coctent— 3101 We bave & Hing'ring wish (or wo! ‘Thau whot ks wisely lel?l. e Lord, take awsy this oft-besettlng sln, Aud In vur hearte let sweet coutont abide, Aud, h“mbka lll:‘ ‘aufimlzflig: Thy l»vc--u us »:1 . LWALD ) ABNES. Cutcauo, March 7, 1877, . e — Navies of the World, . Bl Sall Gaaette, The number of veasels of war of all the mari- thme patlucs amounted In 1576, acconding to soino oflleial statlstics Jately published ntl:r- mauny, Lo 2,K9, of which 20 were ron-clads, The srmament combrlsed 250,000 e aud 15,000 wruns; 110 wur vesaels, fucludlug ofty-slx one clads, were In course of construction. The share ofUerany in the Wurld’s Luvy waus twenty- ous ships (eleven Dol fronclads)tiwo trigates, Jour corvettes, tive cunboaly, ten vesaels fitted with screws (of which fouir are corvettes, thrve teaders, und thres are yessels with hrrrwjn\m:-). veseels which t| Denmnrk, Swede Cinzetle, es and the higher plished. Iz the case detdded. ot both rides, and the sult at thut timo causdd excltement to run hia Inthobreasts of botit men. Atkinson, somq what intoxicated, {s sl to have been turbu Iently disposed, and to bave *made numerour and Induigred fn ‘bravadn agalnst Buttle; and there canlao no doubt but that he cherlshed, and had long cherished, u decldeds anlmoslty toward Suttle. Ile was several times: to threaten violence agaiust him, murder, to threats, treard and, was reported have sald that *befor:e Suttlc should cheat him out of his crop, ho w ould kill him '*; and that “ho intended to ki@ Mim." These, and other sayings of similar fux >ort, were reported to But- tle, who determiaed: to punish Atkinson for his threats,nnd was lies.rd to s tended to all his busf ness in of beatiug Atkinson, which he repeatedly avow- ed his Intentlon of da Ing, Bent upon this pur, pose, Suttle armed himself with a stick, and staf foned himself ot o point in the rond whero ; \tkinson niust of neces- roitg to lis About 3 o'clock In: the afternoen, Atkinson was neen approaching the spot whers Suttle luy Ho: was unarined, and, as ho reached Suttle, the la tter arose and nt once as- saulted Atkinson with 1 the stick,—asking him i madc certa [u remarks as reported. Then began a terrible s coniliet, in which Suttls lut; of yeara the deceared had the advantage,—It ha ving been proven that, at ithi, io was about 35 years of Tu tho Atkiuson drew from farmer's kalfe, gine sall with his hands, e otherstestificd with his tecth,—he begun to mnke tho best ded cmse of which he wos capa- ble. 1t was from a 5/ )und from this knife,ariven at he came to his death. ‘The conflict Jasted bt *t s minute ortwo, and Sut- tle, finding himscif & pout to be worsted, com- but . with his stick ralsed, and time. «Atkinson was in o desperate rage, and hf ks anger was probably nug- tneuted by the fact H 1t bystanders took” sides agalnst him, some uv en striking him with sticks and stones, g0 that Iv ¢ was twiee knocked down, ‘While the fighting w as going on, he cried out, “Everbody tions. The tungstate has the effect of making AofL woods hanl as well ns five-proof, and safe from dry rot. Wood thus treated hns heen af- terward saturated with kerosenc-ofl nnd set on flre, with the result that the ofl burned off with- “T'o test the effleacy of the solution, a small housc was hullt of wood and an urgent fire kindled within, The wood was only slightly It 18 sald that all the wood-work of o theatre can be thus rendered Incombustible ot a stmall expense, apd_in o few “The tungstate is wmade by tho addition of tungstate of line to hydrochloric acid and salt, nffording,as o by-product, chloride sity Inwalt for nim. he had Jost lis life, the timoof his d age, whila his sl mi lllsu : and, open whil Prof. 1. Hoffmann, of Glessen, has arrived ot the couclusfon, after protracted obscrvations, that honey-dew Is it the product of the aphis into Suttle's neck, ¢ menced backing, of plante. In the easo of a healthy specimen of | taking licks all tha' e drops on the under side, that con- The excretlon consisted of no Iolfman was un- ablo to discern, Spots of clear, swectish lquid, ivv, were into ail to awalt the gulshed. o insect which has the ;mru‘:' of foreibly eject- A plant has latoly been discovered In Nicara- gus, named the Jhytoluccea electrica, which gives o shock to the haud that attempts tobreak l’m.. of The sums contributed toward the ercetlon of Patithed. sdars ex- Ruesia has contributed over onc-half & all Hhe eireutmatan.3oy ‘The 100th birthday of Carl Friedrich Gauss, the mathematiclan and ustronoiner, will ho cclo- . tho BUth of, ou_that dl;\l’ fore us, we do n pt guilty of any off 1o determine. cntltied to the ) Bouthe provocatiun fn anexy Eng,, {s due to copper imbibed from the soll or the water; but My, Frank Bucklund declures It to irowing to sporules of the sea- ancient grades ply Its place. such fnatructicme, As it 15 und: jrstood this decision virtually ac- quits Athinso o, e will still bave an opportus nity to quit tharworld by due course of nuture, aud not ut th peera of orope. A wriler In Nature reports o case of mimetle distinguished at s follows; Austria, Germany, Italy, ramme 1| e cg-imt e ra— A NARROW L Twice Senteneed to o Hanga nnd at Last Vietually Ay Special Correspondence nf The . Nasuvirg, Tenn., March G—A L excited universal interest has jus pored of by the Supreme Conrt of * now holaing ita seaston in thiscity, point of futerest hinged on the fact prisoner, accused of murder, had be sentenced to death by an {nferfor Cox the virtual sctting astds of (he latter and wnuittal of the pifsoner have been ‘The prisonery, Ifenry Atkinsor. ored man, off the 10th uf October, 18, b white man namcd Luscius . Sultle. T cunstances, as clicited In the testimony,’s follows, and show for Lhemselves the Just the Supreme Court's decision n and Norwag, 1 commenting on theee a hope that Germany, who finds ent sixthon the lf;t pluce as xoon as the ve completed, and will ran 1852, when the pro o tor herself wil The United States nav,," altometlers Tt nithoir, posed tohe uscloss, it , some place on the Ilat, + Wil occuny the A rezanls the number of i-m"m' the differont natlane ingtand, France, Russia, Tar- Spain, Holland, ortugal, ftaly and - Germany rank together by 0 eon of the preat mlx,vl;llx-r ot ,vcs::?a they have lately constructed, The Avqgstmry 11res, eXproases hereelf at pres- .‘B The parties had been engaged in tigal one the daz of by pass n In €12 Was D t of the fry, pocku&' n aynmon ke it,—t og alnst Bfi ttle mn friends." the to et u)e at all, various % Wiy the law, pouncing ¢ I,Km Atkinson, threw him nvestigation of his ease. Hero for nearly th o long vears he has lan- ‘Twice hus . hie been brought lnto o court of justiee to i sve o heuring, and uwiee the lower court has scn tenved Rim to be hanged. ‘Tho Jast scutence th o Supremo Court hns sct aalde. It is of oplul on that The charge of Lils Honor, the Judge of . the Crimtnal Court, 1s. In the maln, eritically ¢ wccurate and_perhiaps unex- ceptionable, as fur s it goes. But, under the ceuliar facts of i 3 case, we are cunstralned to old that his Ilo 2oredid not give to the risoner the beaw.tit of that full exposi- principles of the law ap- plicable to the :lacts, 3 It was . the duty of the Court. In the language o P*tis Courf, to instruct the fully and expl Jeltly upon tha lege s developed in the tria would tend to dcke’ smiuc thy character or de- gresof the pris oxior's guilt. In the case be- undertake to say what of- fene theprison ke 15 puilty of, or that ho s ‘I'ils s for the jury We! ouly adjudge that he wid punefit of the presumption, ns matter of evide 3k e} that the law, upon a suddeu It o, cauncs, would rather refer the homiclde £y e recent provoeation than the L I'he Court, on such o stats of facts, should 1) ave distinctly charged this dow trine, and we'bxre po equivalent words to sup- Wo hold 1t was error to withhold invelving a portlon of theecrop of Atklm atl, on the day of tho killing, had both In into the'lown of Pulagkl for the purpose of b Bad feeling had brew non-rettlement of t the parties own carer (5. ¢, and killed, which Dox, ———— [ GO SLOW, The timea a. f:-' hard, lhnumnpla ny, And all ot ofice-hacke, From stater 1 en down to chimney-sweeps, Mavo ture oo | inanclal quac! “They'd ow 8§ ho Natlon's st Decoction3n of their synill; Dot a Hitle sviro provention | The Best ceire for vur 1) Ho, wh en Progression 0 dri ve tho wagon sjuw: !.hkv n¢jth ing that you do no need, ud 1.y ks you'go. 130 alow, go slow, And iy as you go, ach with Sowe peonb) think 'ts beat Lo hoard 1. 0ur guldiand siiver up Until vur Torelgn creditory Bhall 1a a5 theth to ouD, While o 18, idlo. - damper it by Aud zeo thiugs go to smash, Soouer thasi vay 8 greenback iy A koot v s reudy cash, S0, wilem you bave a balky horse, O drivo ihe wagon slow § Buy ‘authlng that yuu do uot weed, Auval puy as you'g, 1 Lio wlow, 1o slow, And pay as you go, ‘ery lazy acru Whowon't h{ work of Urain ot hands, Au lioncet living grub, Hutinen a day of reckonlog comey; o ) drive the wagon sl slows e Buy )iothing that you do not need, ;! Amldmy [ yOUu 0. : v alow, go slow, 4Aud pay 88 you go. Some titerlek foz higher taril.dues, | . And xtme for noge at alls Bome fur more Lowme-consumpl And antue for less do bawl, Whils L belluve the wisest parg T Lol these questlons rest, Aud V2 rget back to honest rute AlliEerour Tevel best W lu:u off the old, Laddrive the wagon slow; ton, t ell-trodden road, sy notlivg that you do oot seed, fiud pay ae yuu o, i duslow, o elow; ‘And pay 3s you gu. e sbiden cola is bat the frult Of i islant, varncat strife, And ‘frugal caro the rugged Of pvery uatlon’s lite. 1t wo vould -pvnd.' wo drat should make; l:hnl’ un’by this mr." m»-‘ . HOVRsa fur every Lunest waal B Faoka coat for shmy " )r) whed you'ro on the down- Lil) grdds, Jrive the wa; pay s YOU k0. . 0 Wow, g0 sluw, And pay as you gu. A 3JEK Is Lat & pauper rag \\]‘ €n debl 1ta Tustros solly A ualicu’s the better drose V1) .cu eazucd by Lonest toil, The wd-lores 18 of ruceeatock, v stepe out beautiful— b lyunlblwtuf“g.‘:"' 4 ueed, ‘i 0 50 Rl ¥ Bat the old mare Ls the better usg o the up-LiIl pullt /0 kewp your uags well under curs, Aud drive the Waxou slow, , Buyuothing that you to uut'need, [ Aud pay us you go. i Gu sluw, ko Stow, Am'l PAY ds YUU O i B \ - / Cusmaviusa fourth ‘*acla alie is huilding nro - K even thind possihly in ubs_y:u drawn B—geution, —wnored sup- are that ho hed at- w1, except that home, have el ho was Pl N L% e ¢ o