Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 11, 1877, Page 4

_ 3 THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY. FEBRUARY 11, 1877—SIXTEEN PAGES - The Tribmare. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. —POSTAGE PREPAID AT BY MAIL—IN ADVAN THIS OPFICE. 'sI‘.r:“\x\g. ki) ald, 1 year. Fhrts of a yér, per month. WEEKLY EDITION, POSTPAID. € copy, per year. g e Club of tweniy. Postage prepal Specimen coples sent free. To prevent delay and mistakes, be sureand give * Offce address in foll, fncluding State and County. Remittances may be made elther by draft.. express, Post-Otice order, or in registered Jettcrs, at Our risk. YERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Dafy. deltvered, Sunday excepted, 23 cents per week. Dagly, delivered, Sunday fncluded, S0 cents per'week Aldress THE TRIDUNE COMPANY, Coruer Madiron and Dearborn-sts.. Chilcago, il positi iy SOCIETY MEETINGS. Post- APOLLO COMMAXDERY, No. 1, RNIGIITS TRM: PLAR —Aiention, SIt Kni il Conclave at B A S e sty e, Oraer ofoR Feb. at X i sl . S e "1 SiF Rafghts are courteousiy 1a: ized, ofthe E. C. vised. By orderofhe &G L 0P, Recorder. N AND LODGE OF PERFEC- TION, A and A. SCOTCH BITE MASONS—Wiil hold arcgularassembly on Thursday evening next for {n- iu"udog)u! officers aud work on_ the 4th and Sth De- grees. ByorderoftheT.”. P.-. G, M.~ ED. GOODALE, Grand Secretary. D. C. CREGIER LODGE. No. 643, A. F. and A. M, Regular Communication Wednesday evening, Feb. 4. 1877, at7:30 o'clock sharp. ' Work on the 3. M.De- Eree. Visiting Brethren cordlally fnvited. 1y ord JMXES KEAT! W Al “JomN grxocmo, sec. % M.—8 il Wedndsday, brethren W HOME LODGE. No. 506, A. F. and A. i b AT :50p. m. Work on M, M. Dearee. Sonthilyinelied: R Ty PEITENGILLY R.Z. HEERICE, Sec. LAFAYETTE COAPTER, NO. 2. R. A. M.—Hall, 76 Monroe-st. Stated Convocation Monday eventns, Feb. 12, for business and work on M. E. M. egree. Visitors Soratally invited to meet with ur, By orderof the If. R, Secretary. TLEIADES LODGE, No. 478, A, F. and A. M.—Teg- e e A E i > Feb. 15, Ob- e of meeting 13;:& lx-l:fil)n ‘I:cr “I:fl:f’flfllll,%rn;r' . Full actendazce of members T . 4 deriw Ak E F. NEWELL, Stc. CORINTHIAN CHAPTER, NO. €9, R. A. M.—Reg- n_II:‘r cgnr‘ovuflknn %.3"““"::‘6“'“‘ {!zh'ny";"ér oy 7:30 e R o e e T RAWFORD, M. T ST. RERNARD_COMMANDERT, 35, K. T.= Special Conclave Wednesdsy eveniig, Feb. 14, a6 7:30 o'clock. Workon the Order of K. 10 F . M. BURBANE, E. C. J .0. DICKERSON, Recorder. SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1877. Greenbacks at the New York Gold Ex- change on Saturdsy ranged between 94§ and 947 It is now feared that the political ques- tiops will be further complicated by Lew Brewarp's forthcoming acceptance of the Democratic nomination for - Governor of Illi- nois. ‘The old saw has it, There is many a slip *twixt the cup and the hip, and there are yet many fine technical points to determine before Congress announces the election of Rurrerrorp B. Hayrs as President. Baut the present appearances decidedly favor his chances of winning the prize. At the meeting of the City Democratic FExecutive Commitiee yesterday resolutions indorsing the bill for the reorganization of the County Board were introduced. During the discussion, it was discovered - that, while ‘“‘such 8 movement might stop stealing, it would kil every Democratic cendidate,” and the resolutions were promptly ¢ referred” to some other Committee. Dispatches indicate that the Commission will sustain Electors Brewster and LEvIsSE, of Louisiana. Judge Levisse was a United States Commissioner and Mr. BREWSTER Was Surveyor of the Port. Both resigned before th election, and, in order to make assurance doubly sure, they vacated the office of ZElector, to which each was chosen, and wers then re-elected by the College to fill their own vacancies. < The minority report of the Louisiana In- vestigating Committee presents the question fairly. ‘A Democratic House, following Coxr’s legal maxim, that * Everything shall be considered 25 done which manifestly ought to have been done,” makes a novel ap- plication to the politics of Louisiana by as- suming that the State ought to have gone Democratic, and consequently the good of the party demands that it be considered as having done so. The Electoral Commission, in its decision in the Florida case, holds that the Arbitra- tors have no right to go into evidence aside from that accompanying the Electoral cer- tificates to prove that other persons than those regularly certified to by the Governor, sccording to the determination of the Re- tuming Board, had been appointed Electors; that all proceedings, judicial or legislative, subsequent to the casting of the vote of the Electoral College on the day prescribed by low are also insdmissible. The most_astonishing and unaccountable thing connected with the great trial is, that Justices Crarrorp and Frrro, in the face of the plain language of the Constitution, voted ogainst their three coleagueson the question of upholding the constitutional rights of the States to select their Presidenticl Electors &ccording to their own laws. Their votes on this question show the terrible power of patty over some minds,—even over the minds of learned and gugust magistrates of the Nation's highest Court. The City Democratic Central Committee eppear to have been aroused to a realization of the blunder the party committed in elect- ing an honest man to the United States Sen- ate. If Judge Davis had not, ete., Trpey would have been elected, etc., shouted a statesman of the local orgamzation, and, though his fellow-committeemen declined to interfere with the Commission, they united with him in repinings as they contemplated the possibilities hed a more orthodox Demo- crat gone {o the Senate from Illinois. — ;" Ween the Joint Committee of Congress 5 sgreed upon the arbitration plan of settling tire ugly and dangerous Presidentisl muddle, Hesny Warrepsox, AL C., of Kentucky, re- nerked that the plan might be considered as a ladder by which the beaten sido could climb down with honor and escape from a bad dilemma. As the present appearances indicate that the ladder is for the Demo- crots, & good many of them sbout Washing- ton begin to indicate an intention to re- fuse the use of the ladder to climb down. They will find it better to use itihan to jump down at the risk of bresking a leg or neck. The Chicago produce markets were less active Saturday, -and genernlly . easier. Mess pork closed 15¢ per brl low- er, at §15.85 cosh and §15.92 for March. Lard closed 2jc per 100 ibs lower, st $10.874@10.90 cash and ‘$10.92} for March. Mests were steadier, at 5c for ; shoulders, boxed ; 8icfor short-ribs; and 8%c for short-cléars. Highwines were quoted at $L.05 per gallon. Flourwas in .better de- mand and firm. Wheat closed 3c lower, at $1.307 cash and $1.31} for March. Corn closed jclower, at 41ic cash and 45l for March. Oats closed easy, at 33jc cash and 383c for May. Rye was quoted at 70c. Bar- ley was quoted at 62c for February and 60jc for March. Hogs were dull and a shade lower, at $5.75@6.50 for poor to choice. Cattle wero quiet and steady, at $3.00@6.00, and sheep unchanged, at $£3.00@3.25. One hundred dollars in' gold would buy §105.75 in greenbacks at the close. ‘The whole nation wil regret bitterly that the City Democratic Executive Committee refused to. nssume charge of and settle the Presidential question at its meeting yester- day. Tf, instead of tabling Hoorex's resoly- tion condemming . Judge Bravrrey, the Com- mittee had adopted the screed, our distracted country might to-day lie smiling and peace- ful under the benign rule of a Democratic Administration, with Hoorex looking after the national interests through the windows of 4 country post-office, and the balance of the Committee judiciously disseminated through the various fot and honorable.Con- sulates of the civilized globe. The action of the House upon receipt of the award of the Electoral Commission yes- terdny, although not in accord with the spirit ‘and intent of the Electoral bill, is in keeping with the spirit manifested by the Democratic party in the Southern States during the late election. In voting for a re- cess, instend of acting promptly on the re- port of the Arbitrators, one day, at least, is lost to the latter body, which fact was probably - foreseen® and calcu- lated upon by the obstructionist ma- jority in the House. The decision of the Commission is now, however, beyond revo- cation so far as Florida is concerned, and farther unnecessary delay on the part of the Democrats in recognizing this fact will show to the country that that party is disposed to shirk the responsibility and evade the conse- quences arising from the natural working of the solemn compact to which they have al- 1most unanimously subscribed. A Washington dispatch says that the *‘ Democrats openly threaten to break up the Commission. They say they are deceived as tothe operation of the law creating it.” “ De- ceived!” Bosh! They knew what they were doing then just as well as they do now. they have a case that will not bear the tests and strains of investigation before the Arbi- tration Board, who isto blame? Certainly not the Republicans. To undertaketo break up the Commission becafise its decisions do not harmonize with the hopes and wishes of the Confederates in Congress would be the mistake of their lives. It is just what the nltra-partisans on the other side would like to have them do. Neither party can commit such s blunder and go before the country for justification. The side that breaks up the Commission will be broken up by the pecple. Desperate as partisans are, they cannot play fast and loose, heads I win, tails youlose, in any such way. ° Ex-Gov. SExxour, of New York, expresses the opinion that the Democrats in Congress “made a grest mistake in supporting and urging the scheme for an arbitration.” His reasons are based on the low grounds of a politician viewing the matter from the standpoint of partisan advantage. But heis quite right in saying that *“The Democratic party, by consenting to the Commission and advocating it, have closed their mouths in case the decision goes against them, and will have no * grievance’ with which -to go to the country four years hence.” Yet it is a fact that Gov. Sxatovs never opened his head sgainst the proposition of submitting the Presidential muddle to a Board of Arbitra- tion until he discovered how wesak a case his perty friends had, and that it would not hold water. Then it wss that he began to utter regrets, and to wish that the party had stuck to the bulldozing programme, and tried to carry things by force and violence, count in Tmpes anyhow, and risk the conse- quences. But it is too late now for such re- pinings and remorse. Tuesdny's Mardi-Grhs festival at New Or- leans bids fair to limp some. Among the prominent and pleasant features of the dis- Pplay heretofore have been the music of the national bands and the turning out of the soldiers as Turks and other things. But the officers have arisen in indignation, with- drawn permission to use-the bands, and ordered the soldiers into the barracks. The trouble arose Thursday night, when the Knights of Momus gave their annual shin- dig. President GnaxT was represented as a boss devil, and Gens. Sumerman, Szer- aN, and others of note, as jour- neymen imps. In order to soothe tho anger of the officers, and sécure the music and military, a committee waited upon the officers and begged the revocation of the - order shutfing up these adjuncts. This wad declined with thanks, unless the discriminat. ing ass who calls himself Rex shall disclaim publicly any connection with the insult. Rex is popularly supposed to be identified with a policy-shop, it is doubted if he will complicate his business interests by losing the trade of his fellow-knights. Instead of being six of one to half-a-dozen of another, it is several bands and more soldiers to 4— 1144 : Chief-Justice Cmuzch, of the New York High Court of Appeals, expresses the opin- ion that neither Congress nor any Commis- sion created by it can go behind the Pprop- erly-nuthenticated Electoral vote of a State, He is positive ir. the “opinion _that Congress has no such power, as the selection of Elect- ors is exclusively a State matter,—a right conferred on the States by the National Con- sfilufi‘on. In sluding to the case of Louisi- ana, No takes the position that— “1he Constitation gives to every State exclusive control over the manner of electing or appointing Preeidential Electore. If Louislana Las seen fit to create 2 Retnrning Board invested with authority to declar2 who is elected to oflice in that State, and such Returning Board hasacted in pursnance of law, thereis no power in Congress, or In any flh‘er Yody ontside of Lonisiana, to go behind its action, Judge Cruncr isa Demoerat, ona of the ‘strictest of the sect, and before going on the Bench was a great leader of his party. In regard to the Oregon case, Judge Crurca Las also expressed his opinion quite as freely and decidedly as he did agninst the power of Congress to override the rights of the States 1t appears that' the two Republicans met to cast their Electoral votes, and, Croxix being absent, they proceeded to fill o vacancy. Croxiy, on the other hand, met by himself, and, the Republicans being sbeent, he proceeded to flll two vacancies. “‘Now," gsid the Chief-Justice, **there cannot be any question as to which of these two Electoral Colleges will have its votes recognized, or which ought to be recognized. Had CrioNry remained with histwo Republican colleagues and insisted upon casting his vote for TILDEY, the case might have been more complicated, but he did not rematn, and there is where he lipped.” ‘These views accord perfectly with those of every sound and discriminating lawyer in the United States, although many, from party al- legiance and partisan motives, may not feel at liberty to state publicly iheir actual or private opinion, MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS, Senator Kenoe deserves the thanks of the people of Chicago for his efforts to prevent the repetition of the grpat election frauds practiced Inst year in South Chicago. Sena- tor Kemox was personally a witness of the frauds perpetrated at the election upon t.l{a adoption of the charter in 1873, and he is fully aware of the outrages committed at the town election in 1876. All the other Senn- tors and Representatives from this county can bear testimony to these frauds. These town elections are fixed by law on the first Tuesday in April of each year, while the city election is fixed for the third Tuesdsy in April. At the city election there are numer- ous precincts, and voters are required to vote in the precinet in which they reside. At the town elections it is a mere conflict between two fnobs ; the use of ballot-boxes and the counting of votes are a mere sham; that mob which can secure {he Moderator always elects its men, withont reference to the ballot- boxes. The Assistant Moderators at the polls empty their boxes of all ballots of which they are not sure, and fill up the boxes with the tickets prepared beforehand for that pur- pose. Last year an effort was made by the citizens, which was successful in North and West Chicago, but was totally defeated in South Chicago, where the mob raled every- Senator ExmoE has offered a bill in the Legislature to change the date of holding the city elections to that for holding the town elections,—so that both elections shall be held on the same day. This change will prevent the useless holding of two elections within the same month each year, and it will give to the town clections a character and dignity they can never have under any other circumstances. This change will require an amendment to the general law, but the same reasons for it undoubtedly apply in the cases of all other cities. There can be no city which desires to have two eclections within * two weeks, and cities laboring under town andcity organizations at the same time will not object to havingboth elec- tions take place on the same day. It isa change in tho interest of economy, good order, and honest elections. There is another bill pending before the Legislature which . Senator Krmoe might well add to, and make part of; his own, or, if that be out of order, which he mn'ght push along and have passed at the same time ; it is the bill changing the manner of electing the County Commissioners. This Board is the political substitute for the Board of Supervisors of other counties under town- ship orgenization. Its functions are the same, and its term of office and term of clec- tion should also be.tha same. The bill providing for the election snnually of the members of this Board shoald be passed, and the date of the election should be the same as that of all the township officers. Under Keroe's bill, and under this bill, the County Commissioners would be elected at the same time with the' city .and town officers. The recent decision of the Supreme Court determines that the county cennot issue any bonds to build the Court-House without sub- mitting the question to a vote of the people. ‘We'are in favor of building the Court-Hotisa withont delny. We believe that the county ought to avail itself of the present abundance of unemployed labor and the low prices of building 1naterial, and we believe that there isa general willingness on the part of the people to have the work go on. But the character of the County Board stands in the '} way. With anew Board, and one responsible annually to- the public, and within reach of the public at the polls, we do not doubt that the people will vote for the issne of all the bonds necessary to. build the Court-House, ‘while not a dollar will be voted so long as it is to be expended by the present controlling power of the Board. The passage of Senator Ronmisox’s bill, and fixing the election of the Commissioners in the spring, would remove the only, but most determined, op- position to the immediate building of the Court-House and the voting of bonds for that purpose. Cannot the Cook County dele- gation unite and have these bills passed in time to take effect at the April election? Not & dollar can be had for the Court-House without the affirmative vote of the people, and that vote will never bo given so long s the present Board have the expendituro of the money. OUR CIVIL SERVICE. The uncertainty pending the ultimate de- cistion of the Court of Arbitration on the Electoral vote has both its humorous and serious sides. Sixty thousand officeholders are hanging to one rope, and ten times sixty thousand, who want office, are holding des- perately to another. One strand of the lat- ter rope has already given away in the loss of Florids, but the ten times sixty thousand hold on as if it were a life-and-death matter. The sixty thousand are holding on for pres- ent bread and butter, and the ten timessixty thonsand for prospective bread and butter. The sixty thousand are made up of the Post- masters, Collectors, and Inspectors, who, at the head of their army of employes, have fought, bled, aud died for their party. The ten times sixty thousand are a motley gang of lazy riff-raff, who want places where they can make money without working for it, led by the Femnaxpo Woops and Davin Duprer Frewps, corruptionists of the worst description, and by the Gen.” Bouws, like Conse and Caxeroy, ‘who were ready to march to their post-offices up to their knees in the *‘goah” of “wah.” As the time for the ultimate decision drsws nearer, s day succeeds day, they hang on all the tighter, and their anxiety and agony grow more and more ludicrous. It is absolute cruelty two animals—this torture of suspense. Sixty thousand men are traveling about with an- uneasy feeling in their necks, as if their heads in appointing Electors. - He is reported as saying that— A . The Governor of Oregon had given certificates to two Republican Electors and ome Democratic Elector. With reference to the Democratic Elect- or, ‘Cuoxty, he had no right, according to the' de- cislons of the Courts of New York or of Oregon, to a certificateat all. - Waiving that, and granting the Governor's right to give him a certificate, after the certificates were given the functions and duties of the Governor of Oregon ended. It now remains forthe Arbitration Board to inquife what those three persons having the certificates actually did, might go into a basket any day, while the ten times sixty thousand watch their bread and butter alternately gppear and disappear with tantahzing but cheerfal regularity. There is a serious side to this business, It brings out in still sharper relief the incon- sistencies, corrupiions, and abuses of our miserable civil-service system. We havea country next greatest to Russia, greater than Russia in its strength and material resources, and greatest of all countries in its futare, and yet we have entered upon the* sec- ond centary of our national existence with the most inferior and rotten sysle/m of civil servico outside of Turkey. Men are selected to fill offices becanse they are not fit or able to make a living in enything else. They are machine-men, used as tools of other and ! more powerful machine-men, toadies and hangers-on of ' certnin powerful lenders, bummers, loafers, and vagrants. Under the operations of this wretched system there are to-day sixty or seventy thousand heads of families: in this country who .are liable to be hustled out of office perhaps in a few weeks, They are men who heve now been in office long enough -to have learned their trade and given satisfaction to the Lusiness community and general public, and the pub- lic business runs smoothly and quictly. And yet the very bread of life of these thousands of men depends upon the hazard of a die, upon the turn of a card, upon the way one hypercritical ‘Judge may decide s hyper- critical, technical question. If he decides one way, they remain in; if ho de- cides another, out they all go, from Thighest to lowest, and their places = are filled with a8 lungry, greedy, half-starved mob, with tigerish instinets, knowing nothing of their business and caring nothing for it, wanting their places only that they may make money, lead an ensy, lazy life, and boast themselves of consequence among their less fortunate fel- Iows. If an election only changedthe heads of departments, as it does in England, France, and other Eunropean " Governments, it would take away the deadly animosities of our system of polities. It would prove a remedy for the popular debasement and cor- ruption. OQur National Government would 10 longer have to bear the disgrace of the developmentg that have been made in the investigations of the past year. The settle- - ment of this question is the most important work of our statesmen for the future. - The situation grows worse every four years, and the country cannot endure this continual strain much longer. There is no hope for an end to political confusion and corruption except in reform of the civil-service system, and the sooner that reform is commenced the better it will be for the future welfare and prosperity of the whole country. _ A CUT-THROAT GAME. One of the variations of the insnfferably stupid game of euchre, we believe, is called a ‘““cut-thront game,” because two of the players combine to best the third. Itis some such geme as this which Mr, VaNpEr- BILT, the son of his father, has been playing. | with Mesers. Scorr and Ganxerr. The re- sult is that he is being very disastrously beaten, and the throat of the corporation which he represents will be cut if he persists init. There are two against one, and Mr._ Vaxpenpiur has absurdly abandoned all his advantages. The public will not be disposed to waste much sympathy upon a party that needlessly submits to this unequal struggle ; but the misfortune is that VaxpERbILT'S folly is visited upon other interests which cannot help themselves. Chicago to some extent, and New York to 2 much larger extent, have to pay a part of the pecalty for Vaxpeenrur's stupidity &n agreeing to an arrangement that amounts virtually to the old pool on a mileage basis which existed & year ago. The elder VarperpILT, then alive, broke this pool, because it was unfair in principle and fatal to the interests of the New York Central Railroad and New York City. Then follow- ed a long railroad war, in which the VANDER- Bruts conterded for a recognition of a fixed through rate, without regerd to the relative number of miles traversed. After fighting for morths with losseson all sides, the younger Vaxperpmir surrendered, on the * com- promise ” that all foreign shipments should be on the basis of & common through rate to the seaboard, but giving the advantage to the Pennsylvania and Baltimore roads on all shipments not directly consigned to a foreign port. As a consequence, the :Philadelphia and Baltimore lines simply contract for their freight at those points, and the Penn- ‘sylvania and Baltimore railroads exer- cise the privilege of making lower rates than the New York Central, because the freight is nominally consigned to Philadel. phia or Baltimore even when destined for Liverpool. In other words, the arrangement gives these two roads the privilege of cutting under the New York Central rates, but denies the latter the same advantage. & It is only a question of time when the New York Central will have'to begin the fight all over again which it abandoned at a juncture when it might have carried the point for which it had contended.” The ouly basis'| upon which the rales of the Eastern trunk lines can be regulated fairly and equitably is an agreed and equal rate from any given line of longitude in the West to the seaboard, without any regard to the number of miles. The advantages” of the New York Central) natural and acquired, entitle it to this exac- tion, although it is longer than either of the other ronds. Its great; advantage is in the grade. The Central route follows tha lakes, and has s smooth, level grade from the West to New York City, avoiding the mountains, and the plane inclining a little to the eastward, The other two roads traverse the mountains, and it is necessary to haul their freight up a total elevation of nearly a mile above the level of the sea, and then down again, with many short curves, and constant strain on the rolling-stock. It is & mere question of power and cost of hauling, and the difference in the charncter of the ronds ennbles the Central to houl the same amount of freight with 100 tons of coal over 1ts greater length that either of the other roads can “ransport over their shorter distance with the ssme dmount of coal. The same difference enables the Central to traverse the greater distauce in quicker time than either of the other roads with their shorter dis- tance. The same difference makes the wear and tear of locomotives and rolling-stock on the Ceniral materially less than on the other roads. Bat the Central has other advantages. It hos double tracks in the West and four tracks in the East, while the othor roadshave only single tracks in the West and double tracks in the East; as s conse- quence, the Central can transact a very much larger proportion of the business at the same rates and moke the most money. The Central, then, can afford’ to. exact that neither of the roads shall charge less for freight to the seaboard from Chicago, or any other point on the line of longitude 874 on which Chicago is located, then it charges; and, if it fail to exact this, it must necessari- 1y lose business that properly belongs o it, and its loss is the loss of New York. ‘The interest of Chicago in this matter id that all “the seaports shall be open to it on equal terms. It desires to trade with New discriminate ngainst this city in making up their rates. They could not do this if the Central insisted upon a tariff r'egn!n(gd b.y lines of longitude, for it would tl\‘en be in a position to give Chicago, rates’ even Jower than any that conld be made by the other roads from points south of Chicago. It is not likely that Mr. Vaxpeeemr will listen to any complaints from Chicago on ac- count of Chicago ; but the losses to New York and to the business tof the New York Central must bring him to his senses sooner or later. A DANGEROUS BILL. In Tue Trinuse of Saturday was published a copy of a bill introduced in the Legislature by Mr. Doxye, of this county, for the bene- fit of those members of the Bar whose busi- noss is confined to such practice as they can pick up at ‘the offices of Justices of the Peace. Thebill provides that in the costs following & judgment in all. cases before Justices of the Pence there shall be included o fee of 810 for the attorney. We suppose that Mr. Dusse will attempt to justify this bill on the ground that it will justify respect- gble lawyers in attending canses before Justices of the Peace, and clevate the practice’ in those courts. Will it do so? Where is the line of respectability. to be drawn in the legnl profession? -Does a fes of $10 separate the clean from the unclean, the elevated from the lowly, and the re- spectable from the other class? But is it professional to do business in tha! way? This fee of $10 is not to be paid by the client; the fee is to be got out of the other gide; and, under Mr. Dusne's bill, the Bar generally is expected to take cases before [ Justices and try them, inspired by the specu- lation of getting $10 out of the adverse party. How many of the better class of attorneys do business under the speculative hope of getting %10 out of the other side if they win, and nothing at all if they lose? It requires no prophet to foretell the abuses that will be practiced under such bills. The Justices’ Conrts will be crowded with attorneys seeking business. Thestreets will be perambulated by the legal fraternity hunting up clients. Clientage will become o profession. Claims’ of one, two, three, or four dollars, which would be paid on de- mand, will be hunted up and put in suit, the attorneys dividing the ten dollars with their clients. Business” ‘men, professional men, and workingmen wilt have a delugs of petty and fabricated suits instituted against them, trusting to their non-sttendance and to ob- taining judgments by default, and the moving agent of this wholesale litigation, the attorneys seeking their $10 fee in every case. Thiskind of practice was universal "and wide-spread in Justices' Courts before the new Constitution, and now Mr. Dux¥g proposes to offer $10 to any attorney in every case where he will revive it. No greater inducement to barratry was ever pro- posed ; and, should this bill pass, these Just- ices' Courts will become great moral nui- sances—schools for perjury, scoundrelism, oppression, and extortion, dens of infamy, in no wise redecmed becausa the nctive operat- ors are licensed attorneys secking $10 fees. AN IMPORTART NEW YORK MOVEMENT. The business men of New York have evi- dently made up their minds that they carnot depend upon the New York Central Railroad to protect their trafic with the Western States as sgainst the competing cities of Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston, and they have started out in & new direciion. At & important meeting held in that city dur- ing the last week, and sttended and ad- dressed by many distinguished citizens, the bold position was taken that the Erie Canal should be thrown open to the country free of all tolls, that it be surrendered to the Na- tional Government, and that it be henceforth placed on the same footing as & natural water-course for the free and common ben- efit of the nation. The accomplishment of such a purpose will be of the most vital con- cern 0 the agricaltural interests of the coun- try ; and when a large business meeting in New York passes resolutions petitioning that a constitutional amendment be submitted to the people to carry it out, the propostion cannot be regarded as visionary or impossi- ble. It has already received the indorsement of men like PeTer CooPER, who presided over the meeting, and ex-Gov. Sexaour,who addressed the meeting a letter approving it. The fairness of the proposition rests upon the fact that the Erie Canal has already “enrned double the cost of its construction. The earnings of the Erie, Oswego, and Cham- plain Canals aggregate more than $120,000,~ 000, which is $40,000,000 more then has been expended upon them for construction and maintenance. That the State, under these circumstances, still exacts excessive lls “and carries a large canal debt is owing to the folly of building the lateral cznals, that do not pay the cost of maintenance, and the swindling and bad manogement from which the State has suffered. If the useful canals, which were constructed in_ the first place for the purpose of enlarging business, and not for State revenue, have already paid for themselves twice over, it is time they were made free, even though the peopls have to assume the debt that is still saddled upon them as o result of vicious politics. Ex-Gov. SEYMouUR clearly states the case .as follows: 3 i 3 When tolls are putup the railroads pat up their freighte, sothat when S1is gained In this way from tolls the people—the taxpayers—pay $4; of which the raflronds get $3. The taxes upon the people for State purposes, ts legisletion, its judiciary, schools, &c., amounted the last flscal year to $£5,520,271.32. Of this sum nearly four-fifths was paid by this city and Brooklyn and the counties along the lines of the Erie, Oswezo, and Champlain Canals. If taxation had heen according to repre- sentation they would bave: pald only sbout one- half of this sam, and the difference would be thrown upon the other countics. The prosperity which the commerce upon our water rontes has | given to this city and the cotntles I have referred to has relleved other scctions from the payment of thissum. Itisastriking fact that what is callea the raflroad war grew out of the claim that roads in other States shonld carry freights from the West to rival cities on the seaboard for less than those paid to the lines to New York, ‘because the latter were of greater length. We have in onr canals the means of regulating the cost of transportation. It will be a little matter for this State to make the toll free and to put them in the best condition for competing with all rivals, I know ‘that there are constitutional difiiculties in the way of carrying out this policy to its full'extent, but if the neces- sity arises constitutions can be amended. ~ Asto the lateral canals, they should be sold or given away, or somebody paid to take them, if necessery. Look at the showing: Since 1834, the Chemung Canal has earned only $500,000, while the cost of " collection and maintenencehas been nearly $2,000,000, or four times as much, to say nothing of the cost of construction. * The Chenango Canel York as favorably as with Baltimore, Phila- delphin, Boston, and Montreal in the matter of shipping breadstuffs and produce. More- over, experience has taught that the Penn- sylvania and Baltimore roads are disposed to 1 encourage the shipments from the west and has cost the State $10,509,521.78, and the amount of tolls in forty years 'since it was completed is ‘$736,461.56—less than oneé- fourteenth of its cost.- The Genesee Valley Canal has cost $17,622,055.92, and the total amount of tolls received on it for forty years villainous and disgracefal in itself, will be. i chi i b 74.26—less than ome-twen- | citi : . southwest of Chicago, renching their roads I{nsbean. $813,874. v cities ave- those whose = by avoiding Chicago, ond to this end they | tieth of its cost. Tn 1875 the tolls received | contemplated nothing bat ;;.“w“i‘_f;‘» ::mmx_ from this canal were $12,000 and its expenses $125,000. These are not the only unprofita- ble water-ways in the State. In fact, the enormous profits of the Erie, Oswego, and Champlain Canals have been swallowed up in the losses on the others, so that the peo- ple of New York are in no wise benefited by the tolls exacted on the profitable canals, while they are thereby deprived of ‘the bene- fits for which the cannls wera designed. There is no doubt that it would be 2 na- tional blessing to have the Erie Canal opened as a great public highway, free to all, ard this could only be permanently se- cured by its formal transfer to the National Government. The people of New York can " afford to make such o trensfer without money and without price, since they will be the chief beneficiaries of the freedom thus attained. As it is now, their business is burdened and depressed by the tolls which are exacted, and yet these tolls do not in the least diminish their public taxation. They have, therefore, everything to gain and nothing to lose by the proposed transfer. ‘The only difference is that they will directly assume g debt which they will be obliged to pay sooner or later in any event; but in the mentime their business will have been suffi- ciently benefited to enable them to discharge the debt without feeling it. It msy be a little premature and somewhat discouraging, in the midst of the pending political distraction, to introduce a new ele- ment of confusion or uncertainty in the pop-~ ular mind ; but we cannot refrain from in- quiring in all earnestness, Where is the Keeley motor? Three years sgo Keerey beamed out on the horizon of science with his ““ globe motor,” which was to be worked by atmospheric vibration, 2 vacuum having firstbeen created. Then followed the ‘“hydro- pueumatic pulsating vacuo engine,” and the ““gutomatic water-lift,” and, last of all, the motor, which, to the astonishment of the world, was to run a train of cars from New York to Philadelphia witk no other motive power than a gallon of water. The motor having been launched, then followed the organization of companies to make it and sell it, and shares went off like hot cakes. A writer in the New York Sun says: Some of the more enthusiastic of these talked ex- tensively of the magnificent future of the motor;’ the journzliats got hold of the story and published it. The consequence was 3 gennine excitement; inquines came from many quarters, even from Europe; and it is alleged that Admiral WeLLESLEY pad an_ oficlal visit to KEELET, by express com- maud of the British Government. It is certainly true that those who witnessed Mr. KEELEY's exhi- bitions—albelt they were ond are a littie more mysterions in manner than iy quite necessary— were astonished and confounded by what they saw. They repeated the brilliant stories already in cir- calation. Tnder their influence the shares rapidly acquired a large market value. Their par is $50, but they ranmnpto $75, to $100, to $150, and gome were sold as high as $250 each for cash. In this staté of affairs there was a good deal of traf- ficking in them, and it is said that one of the mem- bers of the original **association ™ was offered $200,000 for 1,800 shares, - which was refused; and also_that another was offered $25, 000 for 200 shares, which was also refused. The original Philadelphia company was organized in 1872. Two years later CRARLES, B. CorrrEz, 8 patent-lnwyer of that city, was| engeged by some of the leading stockholders to bring suit against Kecrey. The result of his employment was that he became con- vinced of KeeLey’s good faith. He organ- ized & new company, for which he was paid in stock by KetLEY, and at one time had the handsome salary of $12,000 per annum. Since those days, however, CoLrrer has lost his place, the shares have dropped, and the treasury is empty ; and the enterprise is now said to be carried on by private advances from some of the richer sharehold- ers. But where are EKreuey and the motor? Can. any one tell? Next to the solution of the Presi- dentinl problem, nothing would be more gratifying than the solution of the Krzrzy problem. Is Krery still working at the motor? Has he tried blue glass onit? If blue glass will make things grow, perhaps it will make them go. A man of Kerrey’s in- ventive genius might even ron a train from | or milking the cows. They m; contented—and this is lhay]:;]?:,h:;; beey lasting happiness—hnd they not 'lbnnd:l ! a -peaceful, quiet, rural lifg for g g el | gle in a crowded commupif :’“3‘. they are " bromght it comp fihfn with clilled lands gnp @ reten ?mining. To enter upon the am@m in a large city without trade or eqiio " only be likened to embukingnpon'nm: sea in a boat withont rudder. ~ gy g 2 death is the only relict in either cage, ;'Z’?' not vice alone but failure that th'ruteml Y though not so immoral, it kills g surel; ¥ drags along a wretched existence withgy\;glg:i glamour that vice sometimes Provides sort of compensation,. Enppimm, m“n“ other things, is‘only relativeto the conditi g and the tastes, inclinations, snd temptatio, that city life develops for those who o i ::vex;lc?s to indulge in them only m“{,‘ 7 e stock of wretche inst, : ok ot sed ot gy But it is not the inexperien, alone who suffer from e:pmm;led c’::x with city life; the city suffers ag well, Ty, nnem_plnyed classes, the pauper 3 the vicious classes, the bummer classes, ary swollen by the aimless ond g s that are fommished by. the ruml gy B tricts. With millions of rich ncreg in this B broad land, and resources tha: Are g yei B limitless and open to strong - handg md ] ready hearts, young men and young women B flock to erowded cities to live in squalor, 5 F starve, to steal, to plunder. 'l'he'm.; of E¥ foreigners who come to America bave beey reared to agricultural pursuits, ang now nothing else. With land so cheap andfer. tile as they find it here, they could the patches to which they have been Bocns. tomed in their native lands to great, rich farms, and dairies, and phnfnfiuns, ad stock-yarde. = But they are lureq by the 1gnis fatuus of city life, and relapse intonge row alleys, and dirty hovels, and crowdeq tenements, and ageneral condition of squalpr and disease. They infest the politics of thy day, and scquire all the vices withont any of the virtues of self-government, They * prostitute themselves to the wuies of the demagogue, and degenerate into 4 sort of political machinery, manipulated for the benefit of public. planderers. They my largely responsible for the abuses of ciy government, but get small share of the f. dividual benefits that acerne therefrom. 'Th oaly hops in recurring to the subject iy that, by .making these and all other Ppecple without the edmeation or ‘preparation for combatting with city life on equal terms m. derstand that the suffering more than gt weighs the gratification, and that failus is limitless, while success is microscopic, some of them may be deterred in time from rosh. ing into a whirlpool of trials from which mt one in a thousand escapes. { - " A BASIS OF MORALS FOR SCHOOIS It will be conceded by thoughtfal studentz of the public-school question that edueation must rest upon & moral as well a8 upom . intellectnal basis. The object of the Stis in providing for general education no doubi is to subserve certain civil ends. If it oxld t be demonstrated that universal inteli- gence was a necessary ally and support of political liberty, and the best guarsntesof public order, social happiness, and individs al thrift, Government would have no right to provide by taxation for the maintenancs of schools open to all the children of ths commumty. Except for these manifest se ular and civil advantages, the whols matter of education would be left to individudl & * rangements and to the churches. E But the State cannot secure its own exds without educating the conscience as well s the understanding of the children. Ths preparation which a child must receive for becoming an industrious, pesceable, Liv- abiding citizen, and s discriminating and pe- triotic voter, will necessarily include some thing beyond & knowledge of resding mi writing, of arithmetic, grammar, and geogn- phy. If the man is to be industrious, theboy must be led to despise laziness. If themsa Philadelphia to New York with n blue ray as ensily as with a gallon of water. But this is not to the purpose. There are anxivus stockholders who would like to know in gen- eral where KxeLey is,'and in particular where the motor is, and both generally and particu- larly where their profits are. AN ISLAND OF SIRENS. ‘We are glad that Prof. Swive has begun in tho dlliance the consideration of the fatal attractions of city life for the young men and young women of the country. As a topic, the subject is well-worn and uncongenial, but a gentleman of Prof. Swixa's position and influence, and in the manner in which he is likely to treat it, mny yet be the means of saving many a heartache and averting many & crushing dissppointment. The vice of city life is what ministers-and moralists are eccustomed to dwell upon, but lectures and sermons on this phase of the matter are not 0 apt to discourage the natural tendency of mankind to aggregate in large communi. ties as the dismal outlook of failure, which - is the only perspective city life presents to the majority of those who seek it without experience or preparation. Prof. Swrve has been wise in recognizing this fact, and by continually pressing it upon his hearers and renders he may make it more effective than whole volumes of abstract moralization. The key to his position may be found in the following paragraph : That young men and women .ore ruined by vice is well known, buta great ncmber are drawn away from some good life-pursuic because they,would rather drive a stage or feed a horse in & city than do 8'good year's work ona new farm a hundred miles away.. There are thousinds of young men who are. anxious to live where they can wearclean caffs and nice black boots every day. And then one wants to go to a concert now and then, and to hear the great singers, -and actors, and orators who travel along. This is the universal argument. 1t Is often 4 poor, childish blander. If thecountry qffers one good Izbor and pay all these other things can come along rapidly enough. Once o year to the city will give the rural youthall the art, and opera, and drama he will need.- A week a year will do, and there then remain fifty-one weeks for country work and country educatfon. - Mental Juxaries go out to the country man in these days, Asmen do not _meed to go to Jernsalem to worship, =0 nelther they gotoncity tofind all good. Books go out to the people. Music loves the country too. The society of many ceuntry towns is as good as any metro- politan group one can enter. is to be truthful and to regard an osth, th boy must be taught to hate lying and b abhor perjury. If the msn isto behonst and loyal, the boy must learn the wickednest of theft and insubordination. If themsnhss * practically no conscience, he will be s ham- ful member of society, and a successfol est- didate for the poor-house and the prisat But how shall he have oneif the Stataneg lects his moral faculties, while assiduousy developing and sharpening his intellectul powers? Our mos dangerous criminals &% not the most ignorant, who seldom i% above crude violence, but ‘the keen, quick witted, and edncated fellows, who are! and cunning, who make first-class comis® feiters, and forgers, and lobbyists, and & foulters. : y Bat, waiving what the children are tobe the future, a school cannot even answerits own immediate ends without educating tb* conscience. What progress will be madeit. study, without a sense of duty as to improv- ing present opportunities? What onln'flfl be hed in the school-room, except a pricipl? of reverence for authority and of obedientd to rules be developed? What success cank teecher secure with scholars who have o1 gard for truth in their intercourse with bil or with each other? ‘What school will not b pronounced a nuisance, which should b speedily sbated, the children of which qtal from their mates, and commit depredstion on the property adjoining the school-home? Morals would soon come to be considered 88 necessary a part of instruction as the multh plication-table ; ‘for it hardly pays that shf should learn that 2X2 —4, only that, haviog two cents, he may abstract another boy's t¥0 cents, .50 that he himself msay have four cents! : Yet, while cheerfully granting this necé sity of education in morals, we see no 1ogid in the argument which reasons that thereford _We must have the Bible read in the schools; s though the, Bible were the only basis of morals, and as if the reading, without 8 W of comment, of passages here and theré, selected by the teacher, were a suitable &5, position of its scheme of morality. It 88 common occasion of mistake for people 0 delude themselves with looking at things ¥ the gross, or in connection with a favorit The longing for city life that swells the ‘bosom of nine out of ‘every ten young men and women reared in the country grows out of a misapprehension. It is like the desire of astage-struck amateur, who sees only the brillinney of the footlights and the glitter of the tinsel, who hears only the applatse of tho audience in front, who knows only of the measure. The word *‘Bible,” with soD good folks, covers everything, meets ever case, and obviates the need of further in quiry. To such minds the proposal tores - that book in schools, as Divine suthority, ¥ just the thing needed to teach mamb'iy‘_“ the children, and nothing can be a substi tate. * Have the Bible read as part of ea momentary excitement of public life, and has no conception of the bitter trials and the hard worlk s0 rarely rewarded with *anything -but disappointment and discomfiture. The great mass of poverty-stricken clerks and doy-laborers, of ' starving seamstresses and shop-girls, and of the idle and unemployed of both sexes in large day’s exercises, or you have a school without any basis of moral instruction,” is the WsJ' they confidently put the matter. Tt does not oceur to these excellent peopls that some of the parents deny the Divine 8%~ thority of the Scriptures, and would object to the proposal on that ground. Neither d0, they remember that others ‘would iaquir