Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 19, 1876, Page 9

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HE CHICAGO TRIBUNE SATURDAY., AUGUST 19, 1876— LN PAGES, LITERATURE. The Empire of Japan, An- cient and Modern. The Revolution of 1868, and Its Wonderful Results, BI. Legros, a Clever French Painter and Etcher. Somothing About Servia and Bos- nia~--Sale of Rombrandt Etchings, Flora Round About Chicago --The Borage Family. Extraordinary Brazilian Flowerse= Evolution of Species==Can= ada Geese. Value of Leaf-Mold to Trees---Weather- Warnings---Brief Scientiflo Notes, LITERATURE. JAPAN, THAR MIEADO'S EMPIRE, ook I.—~Istony or JavAs Fuox 660 i1, C. 70 1872 A, D, Book 11.— PrunsoNat PERIENCEN, OBEERVATI AND Sruptes N JAraN, I870-1874. By W AN Euunt Orterie, A. M., Tate of the Imperial Univeradty of ‘Paklo, dapnn. va,. pp. 1235 New York: Unrper & Brothess, Chicagot Jan- sen, MeClurg & Co, Dal Nippon,ns the Kingdon of Japan is callell by the natives, consists of four large fslands and 8,840 smailer ones, Iying in the TPactfle Ocequ, in the form of a ereseent, with the coneave slile tooking toward Asta, Tlondo, the maln slamd, wrongly named by foreiguers Nipon, or Niphon, has an area of about 93,000 rquare miler; Yero, the second tugest fstamd, Tias an aren of 30,000 square miles; Kinsin, the thied, Bas an arca of 16,000 square miles; and Slkok, an area of 10,002 square miles, The Em- pire extends from 31 deg. to 45 deg. 31 min. north lotitude, and has a Jength of 1,600 dles, and a2 breadth, at the whlest portion, of about 200 miles, The southern extremity of the Empire is separated from Corea by a stralt 500 miles wide, and the northeenmaost fzland, Saghaling, ceded to Russia i1 1875, approaches the const of Asia so nearly that from Noreto the intervening space of h miles may be crossed by acanoe, After the prevalence for severel days of awind from the northeast, Mr, Griflls states that one may walk acroes to the continent dry-shod. Daring three or four months of the year, the strait {s here frozen over so as to admit of the passage of teams or foot-teavelers ou the dee, Two-thirds of the aren of Japan {8 mountain- laad. Yezo Is * one monntaln-mass,* the most elevated peaks of which rise to the hefent of 8,000 feet. Hondo Is traversed froni end to eml hy mountain=chaius, studded with lofty pina- cles, Fuslyama, an extinet voleano S0 mites from Yudo, or Toklo, has nn altitude of 14,170 feet. Numerous volcanoes exist un the Islunds, nud earthquakes are very frequent, The rivers of Japau nre short, und, In dry weather, elallow. but, on the oconerence of aniged to fmpetiaus torrents, that of- date aud desolate wide tracts. The extent it u permanent wiste through the netion of these monntain-streams v, according to Mr, Griflls, enorgions, The rivers, like Lhe salt waters surconnding dnpan, teem with ieh of manlfold species and of supi wiality. Smulllakes and ot spritis dhauds DUt tie only bty of fresh water of any wize 1e Lale Bewa, in Hond fch §a it mites fomz cad 10 raflen wides, 8 from the xonthen rlinre of thie from the rea. § i the furmer Capital of the B plie, = Miuko, or Kloto,~(he resdince from fhe year 3 to the year 1565 of the Mikado, or jecor, of o The oy of tie country, a8 worked-up by native botanlste, frelades 1,1 of exogens und eonifera, Yeso by covered with foreetas and the tinber on the othor avge Islamls fn “of great vurletve heasty, end adaptability to the re- nuirements of the Imilder wl éabinel-maker, e T weareity, mrong native plants, of thore imt frait or food for mun. ~ Phe names of [bie vegetables In use ure foreien, they have been imported from other hile the infrodncton of the cerenls hug tahen place within the Wutoric perlod, T] e, ‘The hear, nd mun{ of (he ioust but the unknown o the fulanda in he birds are chlelly those of prey. tl crows are the most abundunt wpectes, Hepms and #torks are comm, Nocka of wild fuwlie Y winter in Honde, S heurd, hut they e nof fulinds nre riel hnming Iron, Tend, aud conl wnd prowising, when yro fmporiant sontee of reve The climale ran sarmth, in the the coovlners of the T il trom an_almost tropical portion of the Lmphe, to nperate Zone, 1 1he notthe erly rections, in Il wnder deep suow in wiiter, wnd M Grillls speaks of “etcountering drifts 8 feet in depth near Fukl wtral Hondo. The tempernture on the west xide of 1he fslamis 15 much covler thun that en the enst, where the Ine fence of the warm ocean-earient fowlug from the routtiyest B felt. 1o the month of Septembee, typhoons nre apt (o ereep nlomgthe cast coust, sowlng destraetion and desolttion by their path, e totad populntion of dapan, ax given by the cennus of 1572, wits ik, 00, Only whoat one- tenth of the ferthe Tond I8 under enltivation, —bs wense neeen of - prodoctive woll e Mo and nlmost the whole of Yezo, never ha i Leen broken by the spade or plow, Dudithizm, the relizion of the conntey, waw Introduced at an uncertain date, bot its influence had Lecome consldeiable us onrly an the sixth pone * tuey, Untlh the fourteenth eentitry L was confiued to The bisher clinesi but, sinco that era, the s of G people have been converted fro the rhadowy cult called Shinto to the falth broughit by the mbslonaries from Indla, By the censi uf 5, Uhe number of Budahist religlens fs vet down 17,08, of whem 148,807 are males und tding 10 the best authoritiee, Japan was firet y Toccluners fn 1512, when three Portn. pucse ndventurers, salling from Ching, were delven apon_the Tslad 'of Tanezawhima, They were armed with urquebuses, wid (anzht the nattves the urt af munufucturing wons wid powder. Seven yeurn Jater, the indcfatizable Navier visited the connlry, bul elt it, disheartencd, ufter two yoars of uciféctual Iabor, Other missionarien followed Wi, however; und wn great was ey cood that m IONL thiey had hadlt 200 churches anid cumverted £30,000 nalives, n 15wt twa young nwblemen ' were dispatehed by thie ruhg Peinces to the Court of Rame, to pro- fews Ay alleglance 1o the Fope, Spaiiah and Purtngnese desutteand Thars now flucked to - i, wid, as the result of their vizorous prosely tiz. tunnted of having wen (o the relleion of Chirbat UBU soude, Bt by meddiog with tho polith- seerns of the Enniire, they drew upon thein- velven (hu muepicion of the Government, and, $n 13b7, wdecres of baulabment was baned agnineg thent by the Shogun, or Miliary Governor, © Beve erul wewsieen were' required to eficet the expnl. viun of the zealous msslonuries, und It was not il 147 that the countey rid itaelf of them. With the Jusuits and friara, ofl foreizners wore faully bunished underpain of death,—the only exception belng in favor of u few Duteh traders who wore bere mitted u resldence on the e Istland of Deslima, 1 the harbor of Nugusak “Fhe persecutlon of the Chrlatians was so vigar. ously ‘earrled on that ft hus been supposed all tracoy ot thelr rellglon were extirpated; buty when the French niluslonarics vislted &u;'n- euk] in I560, ey found, In the vVillages arowad, 10,000 persons st wdhering to the' faith thelr futhurs hud wdopted In (he roventeenth century, Ve of 4 century of Papal Chirlatiauity natlon ts and character, " du- Swuw all, A caroful exuining. o uny trace of new principlcs of topted by the Jupaness from forcighers 10 the alxteenth, o hus been gained i the slee teenth cen Thangh the Titcrary, welenine: o calns were great, Tho dupaness mentul conatitition sud morsl character have been ’b!(b'unnd]l moditled I turn by Buddblem and Con- uclanieniy bt the successlve waves of Christlay. e thut puesed over dapan el vo sediment teem- izt with fertility, —rathier o bareen woate, lke that vihich the river-iloods leave fn wutumn, ** Arler Dai Nippon lad expelled ull forelgners fron jes soil, und barrcd (te dogrs againat thelr ro- turn, there were oceaslons) attonipts msda by dif. ferent natlons to revpen & irade with 1ho lo- fated Emplee, Lut I valo, In 18: awdure Perey entered the Buy of Yudo, an skillful diplomacy, secured o treaty estubl tomucrclal relnflons with tho United Stutes, Throuih o mhunderstanding of the nature of the dusl syetein of Government then exlating fudspan, Lommiodure Yerey cunducted negotintions with the Shogun, « vaseel of the Mikado, whom be wrongly 18pposcd 10 by & secoud Emperor, Thu presunsp tan of the s garded, wid in dar] allowlng himself to he 5 to sm oticinl documenta Avltn tie “Tycoon, -4 term horrowed from the Chinere, -=cost i hie place and power, 1n:nd l'{!l'l“!ll urevolution in the Government ‘of the Emplre. 'I’nr:\- lina of Mikados har descenided In one nn- broken ruccession from the foundation of (ho Em- plre to the prescat dny. o relgning soverelpm, Mutanlite, now 20 years of age, In the 12 km- gcrur who has eat upon tho Jananeso throne, likados were the sola rulers of thelr Kingdon leading the nrmles ond dictating ite polle unti] “the wilitaty power " wak - usnrpe in the twelfth century, by the awbitio Bhogun, ar Gencral-n-Clilef, Kryomorl. This enerzetic and cunuing oflcer, getting the admints. tratlon of the pire fnto his own hamds, reduced the M kudo to the rondition of a werely nominal soverelen,—retaintng for i meclf and hin puccessors he netive anthority of o Military Dictator, From his thme until the revolntlon of 18u8, the Shoguns were the real Governars of the Kiugdom, although acting iu tho name uf the Mikado., In 1000, 1yeyasn, tho firat Khogun of the fllue- trlous Tokugaua famlily, and the most able of his line, founded the City of Yeda, and made it the Military Capital of the Emplre, ' TLin sald thal for several yeats bo cmployed an army of $00,000 In- borers in the constraction of this nietropolis an the site of an obscure fshing vlllnge, Before 1700, Yeido had a papulation of 00,000, which in 1857 had lucrenscd to at least 1,000,000, My the cenmus of INTS, the city and the vil Tngen aroumd It contnined 125, 040 Jeriuancnt rex- fdente, 1o which shonlk! he added a loating popula- tlon of 100,000, The Mikado remnbned at Kioto, dwelling {1 & slmple mansion, surrounded by par- dens Incloaed Ly a plaster wall while the Shozun oceupled a fortified castle overlooking Yedo, which waa illed with his rascal-Priuces and wllitary re- tatnere, When the oflice of the Shogun was abol- Ished, In 1508, the rialdence of the Mikado way transferred to Yedo, which then tovk (he name of Toklo, or Eastern Capital, The remarkable progress in modern civilization which Japan hax made in the Inst elght yenrs had, in the opinton of Mr. Griflis, already begun befor forelyners yalued adminslon' to her porta, The r vival of the study of the ancient history of the Em- pire, and of it unclent religion, theShinty cult, had awakened a general demre to restore to the Mikado the rightful ll\llhurllrv of which he had been #0 lonz deprived; while the frequent vis- fts of forehmn veasels (o their cousts, deapite {he Interdiction of commerce, had brought to the shrewd and far-reelnge s conviction that, uniess the policy of thelr nation were reformed, and It en- tered into the ruce with othiers for the' advantagen acerning from (he enlightenment of the ape, it gt ulthnately fall fnlo a subordinate position, aad, ke Indis, becomy l||l|‘h'u 14 0 Siperlor race. With a wisdom and energy nfmost withnut parallel, the rulinz classen of Dal Nippon have instituted radical chanven in their politicad aud wocial sys- teme, and, ut the ri-k of Inpoverishing thelr coin- try in the accamplishnient of their purpose, are rapldly wodeling itx institutions upon. the plln of those most approved among the advanced elviliza- tlous of Europe auil America, ’Fhe Mikadn han nhandoned the seclusion in which Tie hnw ehelered hin divinity for upward of 1500 seurn, auid i appears nmong hin subjects with romething like the freedom of Enropean Kings, the “opening of the new bulldings of Poem, " by (eorge Lunt; **Danlel T Book VIL—The Mother and the Son," tenrge Eliot: ' Editor's Eaey Chalry itor's l.l!emr}/ Ttecord Record:’ ity itor's Drawer, " Ser Co. teanslates vants."" by Sarah E, Ilenshaw Soclely 3 Worll's Work(" *liric-u-Rrac. etons’_Journal for_September (D. Appleton **Loa Anzeles, by Al ort I, Websters **Slx and Soventy-aix, " by William C. Richards; ** A Great Robinson: Bufalo *Potelfunt, '™ by 1 M. *YCharleatown Hetaken, Dec, 14, 171 1, Uayne: * Fawcett Pascoe: teea, " Chapfers VI Childhood, " by Cltien of the Zuyder Z **The Tub nnd the Portent: A Story of Life inthe gcolllsh Highlanda," by I by {Virt Sikes: *+A Wit of Old Venice: e N 11ké & maniac, and mouth shat, g,nl ** Fallen Fortnnes, " Chaptera XXX VI, - y Jobn Boyle O'tellly by Jamea B, Freeman: George Lunt; **On the Dorder," Ly - siance Fenlmore ' Woulron; ** Editors' Tabie:" $+ New Itook, Atlantic Monthly for September (11, O, Tionghton & Co., Boston). Contents: ¢ Personal Kecol- lections of Jean Francols Millet, " by Edward Wheelwright: **If You Love Me, ' b; Clark: **Deephaven Excursfons, Jewett; “*The Larlor Car: ¥Farce,' by W. I, Iowellsy **September, ' b Places of ! the Imperial College, he ~was present in the drens of o Enropean military ofi rank. Mle wife, the Emp herinfluence to - enconrnge the vation of lier countrywumen, han lkewise vet >+ a noble exatnple, not only ofavomaniy character and of active deeds of henevulence, bt also in dfs- carding the foollsh and harbarons costoms of st o 1y tiat of hlacking the teeth and shav- we, " Kiue Bmpresses huve ruled n it thele own right, one of whom hax the brity of 8 Semiramin i the Iifstory of the Em- iire: yet the cansort of the present monareh has he opportunity and el thie fclination to effect more for the gond of her conutey, by the improve ment of the condition of her sex, than has been done by any of her predecessors. Oneof the principal mensnres adopted by the Qovernment inits work of reform was the seridbuyg of the most promising of its youth to be educate [ foreien conntriva,” Five hundred wtudents hnve come for thispurpose to the United Staten, Finding Lt 18 wus expending grenter sums thun contd be atforded for this object, most of them were recall- ed by the Government fn 1871, But exeelient pro- vislun for thelr instraetion ut ome had been pre- viously ureauged. An_ edlet of 187 decreed the crtablishment of 54,700 clementary schools, 1t whl be some years before thezu will e in ‘fall aperation, but, at the present time, thereare near- 1y 3,000, 800 efudents of both sexes under instruc. ton. The Empire hins been divided nto eight cdneational districts, In each of which there Iy to Dbe u University, and 2,100 achools of forelgn lan- ges, The inperial University, ut Yedo, has 50 stidents and 20 forelgn Crofestors. * The Forel; - Lungtinge School has 600 pupils and 20 n teacners, Heshdes these theee are in the Ity several Ureparatory Schools, ony Normal School, one Female Priclpal School, und epecinl depattnents of Iustruction connected with tue different branches of the pubile wervice, Dr, David Murray, formerly Professor of Mathetatics and Astronumy, In Rutger's College, bas had the wupervision of the schouls and colleges In dapan since 18722, The aununl appropriatiun for the supe pourt of cducationdjue thus far been 8300, 00V, A raftway 18 mlies lun(fcunnunli Yedv;another, 22 miles fong, conng K third, from Uzaka to Yedo, will probably completed the coming sutinn; and a line §s yed from Yedo to Truriga, The country 18 d of gond wagon-rouds: and these will be in n more uselul thin raifroads to the great mags of the people, who ure husbanduen, A line of telegraph unn the Tength of the Lupire, from Nagasabl to apporo [n Yozo; andu number'of branch Jinen cx- el over soFter distances, v enbmusin exblen cross the Sen of Jupan 10 Asla, and two wires ruizlits of Shimonorcki and Teuruga. Ne tinnemitted to London in less than Aty houre, connta of Jupan, formerly besel with dangers, ure wow renlcred compuatively wate by 1o establislunent of thizty-one light-houses, n gl In the May of = Yokohama in the Laror of Hakodute in Yezo, live geeat buoys, turee beacons, and two steani-tenders, OVer §3,000,000 hus'been ex- pended by the Lisht-louse Bureun, “Uhe mercantilo marine comprises ahout 100 ateumners, & conslderuble number of which ply on thie rivers, on Lako birva, and along the ‘coast. e nuvy, wuperintended by Lngimh ofiicers, fy composed of ten war-vessely, fve dispateh-vosscls, and wve traintng-schools,—all steamers, e army hax been dritled by French officors, and fs neneid and equipped with tie beat weapuns of Europe and the Unitea States, On gan emergeney, 75,000 dis- ciplined troops conld o brought futa the field, The total strengtli of tug regular iemy In peace s 85, - sl i war, 30,020, Hlie propurtion of i lucers to cavalry 1 langer Dian in other counteles, on seeount vt the peculinrly broken surface of the “ho postal eystem has been remodeled, nnd la now _conducted In w nost efiicient wanner, Mr, Samnel W, Bryun, formerly e United States Postal Seryi ¥ Buperin- nt of Foreign Malle, Asfree news-press was hut {ty lberty was cartailed In 1870, en duily l\cwv‘mpen are Iwsued ju the Capital, and 51 publicutions in the whote Empire: and dited often by men of culture, or students 'I\»I'mnm-. Gonlp," X1 Lutteli's Liring Age—Current numbers (Littell & Qay, Boston). A FRENCH PAINTER AND Ior'CHER. Among the clever painters of the present day who have practiced the art of etching with suc- cesa, M. Alphonse Legros {s mentloned in hon- orable terms, This artist bas been a resldentof | T plant {s o native of Europe; but, in our London for some years, but is a native of France, He wasborn at Dijou in 1837, When | fuses ta thrive. Therc seems to be something but 12 years old, be went to Paris, and found cmployment as a scene-painter, under the direce tion of Cambon. Ileatthe same time jolned the public drawing course, nnd immediately manifested remnrkable talent In handling the penell and In the use of oits. In 1857, at tho age of 20, he sent his firat picture to tho Salon, —n simple “Portrait of s Man,” It falled to nttract the notice of the critles, having come Irom an unknown artist; but it won for the young author the encouraging ald of Champfleury, who discovered its merit, and interested himself personally jn the fortunes of Legros, Two yuars later, the artist extilbited | to the anino genus as the Forget-n ** L'Angelus, "—a poainting which called out from M. Baudelnire the romurk that Legros ‘fhas proved that, even In the nineteenth century, the Rrilat can produce @ heautiral rel i of rmall provided fuat bis tmugination is apt to soar thst i tavorite subjects of 3. Legros,both in pafnt- dniz and etehing, haye been taken from the Romau- | weed thuu the Hound's-Tongue Is the Cynoglarsurn 1 p. While in Pacis, ho was & con- | Vorisoni, which is stigmatized by the op 4, mouaxtery, where he studled the | hameof fiegiar's Lice. 1t [s abunidsnt at and Calumet. Tha seads or nutlels of these laxt three species are et with barbed they tusten thonwelves with the fleece af alicel Catnolic woreh Btant visitor af dally 1ife of tho Inviaten, anti ho had learned overy peculiarity of their drees and demeanor, Some of ils most effective works have contained the results l)lf l'.':ll ‘fl_&h“nlfl‘fl Icl’llullhlfilnflf with the "'fl! of the clalster, r. Humerton says, in commenting upon N e ‘cholce of ruligious themes which 3. Leiros | Poa¢riane who ¢ hibltually makes: e mlendoro te in€ CathotteChirela cor- nionles, by golden aud sl embrofderics, EiTs, comilons ornamente, Imagery, " and “Incensos but | S Juw e icac thinye do not altract Legron: he turns 10 tho [ Tis succtal habliat s the. open flelds south of (o monk ln L4 rough garment, and 16 the poor. peas aut-mialidons unit ol men (n the ‘Lumble village. | Hororm Schooland near the rafiroad, chiurch, watches them ns they pray, aud drduws them with an instinct of sympathy which, In its ‘)'acnllnr kind, bos no precedent In the fine M. Lnsrnl began etching while attending the onny of youni artists ln the habltof meeting nt clatro’s, the publihier'e, and there dixcusaing the Procens At the Salon of 1861, he exhibited an etehlng, *wihilch, " suys a writer in the London dcademy, “*14 now ax much sought after us one of Goyn's proofs, ' 1t ** represents n number of precentors, In ong black cloaks, siting in atalle thefk handu; one stk In tho mid the leaves 0f 8 large, open book, by the light of double lsinp of antique shupe, supported on u Tong stalk. Frow thutthae, Legtos was halled a4 g "l"“lch 3 1 entomy homne erton: **Sulnts Peter and Fau oor old man, Who pus ee, unid offorid to grint d from wchool, are fust disserlnating Ige nmong the people, These ire someof the nportunt movements put 10 progeess by Jugm 1o 1L her frowm the singglsh, al ntate vt Orlental nations to the acty ug 1ifo of the cnltivated peuples of Europe America, Mr. Griflis, from whose huok on Mikudo's pire” we hove tuken wost of the foregulng stutements, was fnvited by the Prince of Echizen Lo organlze a Sclentdfic Schoul at Fukal, the Capita) of Echizen, u province on the west const. dn nccordanee with the invitatlon, he went outta Japan in the full of 1870, and remnined un- 1 duly, 1874 One yeur was spent In Fukul, In o flunrishing wehool atteuded by SO0 students i the varlos departments. Thess enenest youth, re- wurks Mr, Grithe, were, **in pride and digaity of character, in dilfgence, conrage, gentiemanly con duct, retinement and atection, triuth und honesty, wud good mornls, " the peers of Engi or Auiere e gentien When sewdadinm was overthrown n 1871, 1l 0 Milltary Irinces of dapan were called to Yedo, und retlreil to privato lite, The Prince of Echlzen obeyed the order with the rest; Lty ufter his departure, Fnkul langulshed, and jts relsoo) geadunlly diminivhed In nibers, taely i 1672, Me, Grltlis' recefved an appoint. ment i the Po) lnie School in Yedo, and glad- Ty followed the Irince and hiv most enterprlving pupils 10 the Capital, Durlng ull Ws sty i dupat, e was e companlon ol ite: miost” collivated and_intellcetnal men, aml was nllordedevery fueibity for learning the past bistory of the nutiou, and for ebserving e present develop- ment. ' His ouportunition” for acquinmg a trie knowledee of the peaple, foall runks aml” clasees, were of the best, The results of lils rescurches are he slmply requiested that whaever climbod up into recelved b very plensantly and just begged him to bo 8o good s to climb the pear-tree to get a cer- taln ripu frult which hung on one of the upper agaln without the old man's expross permission; ao atrenly was concluded between them, in conse- quence of which Mi Servia, the Stavie Principality now engaged in ono of its periodicsl struggles with the Otto- man Emplre, contains an area of 21,000 square miles, lylng between Austris, Wallachln, Bul- guriny aud Busnts. The country fs mountaln- ous, aud by far the greater part Is covered witin dense forests, Tho land which s usder cubtl- given in the book before us, which unites o bistory of the old Empire with studies of the new Jupsn born of the revolution of 1868, Hiw work 1 valuable, foe the sonrces of informa. thon regarding this most Inleresting country nre vounty, Yot, whils wo exprees one abligution for & valume which s been prepared with evident caneclentivustess und un espenditure of much in- duatry, we muat regret that aterial hine ot buen o curelully condensed, und arranged with better method, 1o olain o elear aud comprelien- sive Jdea o 1he hlatory of Jupun from the work, ne It now wtands, requites #everer sindy frow the reuder than should be neked of him, NOOKS RECEIVED, FINE AND FLAME. From the Gerwan of Leviy buitekiza, Trunslaled by Eva M, Juunson. Yuper, New York: D. Apploton & €6, frice, T cenls, ISRAEL MORT, OVEHRMAN Ming. Ty Jullx Ba Drake's Wife," etr. per & Drothers, 73 cente, AB LONG ASSHE LIVED: A Novern, By K., W, Rowsson, Antl of *'Litte Kate Kirby,* eic., otc, Paper, New York: Ilarper & Brothers, Price, 75 conts, YUUNG FOLKS' CENTENNIAL RUYMES, By Wikt CavietoN, Authur of **kFaro-Bullada™ ond ¢ arneLegends, " 1lasteated. 1m0, pp. 123, New York: Harper & Drothers, t A Brouy ov Tnx hERY, Author of **Abel New York: Hure PERIODICALS RECEIVED. Itarper's Mugazing for Septe Kros., New York). Couten by Ullve Logun; **Th b el e by Alfred 11 el uilated from the Gernnn by Frof Charles Carroll; *Thy Luurol Bush: Au O} fashloned Love' Story," Part V., by Mra 1), Cralk; /Tl Bakd-headed Tyrant: A My B Vundyno: S Carnivor ! Floridi,® by Mea, Slaty “reuts ** bay t: A GQuatraln,* by T. B. Aldelclis o Dixon's Line, by tie Kev. ‘Feyon Tom's Came tlome: A Pocm, ™ Ly Wridgo; ** Vaadeleur: A Stury, en: Edwards; T Trow vation Is extremely fertile, and ylelds bountitai harvests of the cereals, of hemp and tobaceo, llnd{ln: the plants on cue of these gigantic treen and of varlous frults, partleutarly of pluns and | Wit grapes. ‘Tho climato Is temperate and snlubri- ous, but, in the elevated platesus, Is somewhat . cool.Ouk I the chlef wood In tho forests, yot | (% tnot 1 the Hitlo planty wh chestnut und fruft-trecsof various sorts abound, I sotne places large teacts are covered with Wil pear trees. The plum crop Is one of the | g wost mportunt resources of (he country, muny of ": the peasantry depending upon it for their subslsts ence, ‘The frult s dried In the form of prunes, by a process which s kuown only to thls peoplo ond ta the Bosntans, Alinost oue-half of the revenus derlved from the wxports of Servin Is gained by the trafic in plgs, It 13 estimated that fn ono year 472,700 of these ani- mald wers wentout of thy countey, Thelr fosh s not uavd as into fut, its mines of fron uud copper ars a prolid source of weulth, The religlon of tho Bervlans fw that af the Greek Church, but they ure ludependent of the Putriarch of Constantluople, ‘liey were converted to | slnificance of these varylug forms is rightiy fn- terpreted, (b may by found that In Puleontology les the thanl proof of the gradual evolution vf Chrlutiunity about tho middle of tiw ninth century, The country was placed iuder tribute by the Purke tuward tha'closo of the fourteenth century, und in the mlddle of the Afteenth century was col) of the county mouutainous Bud covs Toyt: Soreery: A A Sonilierh T f Shal hy Monthly for September (Seribnor & y Fanny [odgson Barnctt; pas A Wounided One wiil ¥ dohn V, Chieney: ** Some- = i3 Uy T'aul H, |h', " by Donald G, Mitche ‘Topica of ' M The Old Cabinet: New York), Contenta: **Onr Summ he editor: **Marinnne, 2," by I'anl g 4, 15 *Throt 8 (d1asw Darkiy, *An English By-Lane, " b Arles K, Avice tirny: A'Story InThirteen Chap- t'he Sufferings of 13 ‘4 Parlalan tory of Blanca Capello," by Charlotts IX, by James Payn; *'Love, and he Wi 3 ** lteminircences, ™ VA Shakapearenn Stidy, ™ y Luclla 11, *Sonnet, " by Thomas Balley Aldrlcl; VIL=X, by Hewry damen, ¥y, by Mary Keeley tloutelles >0l . by Frances Anne Kem- ‘alr Compensaiton, " by Albert . Web nrncteriaticsof the Intcrnationn) Fair, *Itecont Literature;"” ** Arty" **Masl cation, FAMILIAR TALK 1y weed, * Many an artl rawing course, and wos one of the coms specle nd “the latest perforinances in etching, ¢ offect of the light on the faccs and he different siaden of black in tho [ flon. matter, Misore, which s thua related by Ham- 1 visited one day a any wlsh that i the Alpine Club, has recently published a ht form, su he did’ not : ) s il e :" i b"“ 3% ol o oy | Narrative of Wanderlngs Around tho World," R henrstreemight not bo able to got down agalu | fu which s givena macvelous account of the without his permlwsion. *In thin way he caught § vere thiof or ' twar and &t lenkth ‘e Toati o | foral trensures discovered in tho wilds of poy La lonhomme Misere w vislt. Tho old mun | Brazil, The gentleman {8 an ardent botanlst, and, during three months' stay at Palmeiras, male a large collection of {nteresting und beu- branches, Once thero, Death could not et down | tiful plants, many of which were new to Sclenee, Ile speaks in terins of excusable enthusiosm of dwells forever upon the | ** fuchslus 50 or 60 fect fn hielght, blooming from 3 M. Legros lus cliosen the moment when | top to bottom Deautl Ia up in the pear-tree holding out the pearin SERVIA AND BOSNTA. articlo of food, but they are melted cara Insurrections have frequently oce < cipal wooll In Hosnin, e in Seevin., Aezitope produces very Inrge ncorns, the cups of <ively uneid by tanners and dyers. They sbound In tannin. and are exported from the 3 1.0 ot Levant imderthe natie of Vatonia, * by Latiennes * Lient, Bovie's Duel: A | furnishes the larve brown gulls kuowsiad Mecox by Fannle larrow; **At the Shore: A | galls, and used for dycln ronda— | ink, and In the preparat which are ex e . bnfectoria in_the manufacture of n of tannic and gathe acids, ! ‘I'be iron obtalned In the mines of Bosnia in of 2" ‘kditor'a Sclentifie | anperior quality, and It, together with coal, | itor's Iilstorieal Record;™ **Ed- | and other. mineralx, ia found In great quantities, The fertlle solt und the tempernto elimate uf the country are favorable to the growth of agrienltural ork), Confents: **Princess llse," | products, which are nearly identical with the crops by Elizabeth McClellan: **A Fane | of Servia, The Howlan plume ure esteemed above taey,” by M.“T 8. Withington: **That Lisse o' | those of Servia, Ci b, Croatla, or Austrd Lowrle's, 11, n country ure llmited o Minfalure,* ‘hy lenry A, Beerst *Ine | tlon of fire-arie, sabre.i'ades, and ranity and its Treatment," by Chatles D, Roh- LU AR ¢ North Rice factures of 1| Abant onesfourth of the population of Bosnla Vesleynn University,” by Willlam | are Turksi the remainder conalst of Tlosniane, 1A Fox Huntat Pau, ' by Fan- | Croats, Moriaks, 3 Barrow' (**Aunt Fanny'™): **Song," Cella Thasters Henry James, enegeinn. Gormaus, Jllyre Inhabiting Herzegovinn, fany, ete, losnia was an- y *The Ghostly Ttental,” by | are Greek or Roman Catholics. **Shadowe," by Anua C. | nexed to the Ottoman Empice In 1322, and hes Greenis' * The Voyage of the “Amerien,'™ by | sluce beon tho scene of perpetunt insurrections, Ehzabeth Stuart fhe Teai my Kthyine, thing about Birde, " ' by Ernest Ingersol Tldé of the Thine," by George K. Warln: {1 2hllp Nolan's Eriends, " Y., Ue E: Cholce and e, H e 0 TrotestantVatleanism, " by Angustns Bianvelt; | £4204 103 0d, Califurnia Housekecpers and’ Chinese Ser. | the gallery was nund Alout | are sad to be so small that they *wonld REMBRANDT ar.t The sale of the late 8lr Abraham Hume's etehings brought The number of pleces in ETCIIINGS. collection of Ttome and | have lain fn o man's open paln, and the StCulture and Progress,™ **The | largest was scarcly so hig ns ahalf-sheet of writ- ing-paver.’* They tncluded coples of the finest and rarest works of Rembran&t; among which were * Christ Healing the Sick," or *The Hun- low), by Qrorge Sands | dred-Guilder Pleee, which was sold for £215 11 “The Three Trees,” which by Durgomater 8lx,*" £450; ** Vau Tollln and **The Landscape with a ltnined Tower, " © Sy Tnere wore nineleen portraits of Iembiaudi in t Chatiapat | the tist,—the one named **Leantng h 111" fetching the highent price, ¥26 e, In dencribing the - i anrlmu-, llml l‘jondo{n lmu% 82 **'Phey represented n fat and W3, dvingand Dead | JERETAPE, VS oY hrow, s Tan e, Il by A, 1L Guerneers | 0, and lavihier-loving month. Drandt try 1o make his pléasant. Homely faco ple- - bimeelf in all grimncerl, scowled, and raved Tfe drew himself with mouth open d his hair eut, and took s likeness that way: he let it trow preposterous- Iy long, curled It, and tried that eflect. sabre, and brandlshed 1t with horeld exproexion; cocked hin hal up, and twined a searf urounl bis nec his cap.—to very llttle haneet. kindly ugiiness o even ronghed lia hafr, xnd put arnyich maniacal ex- his cyen as would have wado ollier Hard did Rtem. stuck a feathor In urpose in concealing the presslon iato inartals look ** posacssed, " a child conli not bu In by Sara 0. | e o . We Ko e o “fialy through all his disgnises and contortions, —recog- i, v e b Holy ity Cuie Duicy | Hirelimby binabreuydeyes, brosd Jiw, aid mouth SPARKS OF SCIENCE. FLORA ROUND ABOUT CIHICAGO. 4 ‘Tne DBomaer Faminy.—The Borage-worts are near of kiu to the Mints, but may be distin- guished by their round atems, regular corollus, and fine stamens, In both famllies the ovary is divlded Into four lobes, whicly, when mature, form scparate sccd-like nutlets, In this alll- ance is found the exqulsite Forget-me-not,—s diminutive, dainty, unobtrueive flower, appeal- ing to the heart by its modest slmplicity, and also by the tender sentiment attached to it. Tocality, under the most careful culture, it re- {n the climate or the soll unsuited to its fastid- fous nature. The fragrant Hellotrope {s another of the Borage-worta which s an especlal favorite among gardlen-Aowers, It s a gift tothe world from the wilds of Peru, 1n our own flora we hava nine mpecics of the Boraginace ; among which Is one, the Mertensia Virginica, of such delicats beauty as to deserve cnltlvation, It hiascetablished itsclf only at River- sideand Jollet, and is in blossotn InMay. At River- side, west of the Deaplalnes Rive the rallroad, there grows another apecles that is rare in onr vicinity, the Myoeolis verna. amall herb, with fine white flowers, and belonga son for blooming s from May t Ju wced (Echinospermum Lappula) ls & rough, home- laces; but [Us racemen cate and pretty, oglassum oficinale)” in also thal, hax a villalnous smell. wers are borae all summer, oceurring In wasie bine flowers are del iglous pleture, | found's-Tongua & coarre herb, an 1ts marcon-colores am aru those of the Ecklnospermum, ricklcs by which naclous clusp to paud to the clathing of uniucky aon | pedent o cace to brual by tharm, so gonue Lylhospermum e tiave tour specles, et has heenntrock | Tie jlonry Puucmm"(L. canescens) maken fine show ou_pralrie lauds (n May, with Tongiflorum, with pale, atraw-colored blossoms, Is much less cominon’ the same month s th 1lairy Puccoon (. Park and _Gilwon's brighten the woodlands from L, latifoll dale pecles irst mentloned, The Alrtum) 1s common at Hyde Ita large, yellow flowers pHil to June, The um 1s & rare apecien, growing at Hine- Downer's Grove, aud blossoming In Juno. The famlly of Borage-warta includes about 700 which are nmluly nutlves of tompoerate countries in the Northern Hemlsphere, They are very abundant In S Asin, decreunlug In nusbern to the northward, and oceurring vory rarely lu the Amncrlea there nre few specles; tivouty-cl mentioned In Wood's Flora of l‘"ml tapera in | oyt of the Mlsxissippl. I, turning over | thety. e upecles In ita flora. The order ju characterized by emolllent, mucle Beveral “specles aro suld to contaln nitre, and, shen thrown upon a fire, this substance makes known it presence by decruplta- The common Borage hau the vdor of ex. the vigor of attack, and tie | cucdmber, and & decoction o re ever daring of tho bito, equaled all that other lntcrs of any school, who lind tried thelr haud ot e o1 e bost tchinge which M, Legros I e ol he best clchings whicl , Legros has tutierto prodced lilustratcs the legord of L Hoie Buei by dysn InEirope; BRAZILIAN FLOWERS, ed 3 hut and n Mr. T. W. Hinchlli, F. R, G. 8., President of Europe_and Central Thie Tslaud of Sicily hua Inginous f ite leaves impntts o peculiar coolncen to beverages, The roots of several species afford n retid Alkanet is one of T the Borage-worts largely fom !| lllm large ‘I-‘m]allu-alol( Aliulmm veuosn, *hunging its orunge bells with crimeon his skeleton fingers, and old Mixery In looking wp | strenks over tmfimf’cmwmn‘f.cluw to huge Daturay The imaglnative concention of the whole | with their hundreds of white trumpot- haped und scene (s worthy of vome great, solemu-wminded old Northern muster, The keen erltic from whom we quote_the above remarks, i the same connection: **The mental | 11 and bis prre quulities'of thle artist's works are alwaya nohly serlous, nuil muest weom Atun;:al{ 0 0 those who | thoe lixt,’ belluve In the universal Juvity of perament, di sweut-scented hlossonis, found to be 10 Inches in fo Within o day's walk from ¥ ¢ of which Ihave Imeiran, Mr. Minch gathered 250 specics of ferns, — u discovering now ones to udd to them were two species of the nbing fern, und the rure Zeml* ctyon tadrginutum, **with pule-green fronds, 11 feet high, and broad piumw us delicate o shiver paper.™ 1a the forestd, euch treo supports o vat variety of parasitical plunta, % Orclids and fern: hugze urums with shleld-1iko leaven, larze enough cover A maui brilllunt red and yellow dromelias ghytes and pacasites of a) de- suts, creepers, travlers, climbe ive together like ou_ every oxcural the ¥rouch tem- | Lugoulin, ot cl ¢ and Tillandslaa; wcriptions; rop s, mosees, - far'beyond the reach of man, seen o tall white Awarylils in full blossom growlng Jiguitiba nearly 100 fect above HMinchlitt was told by u Freuch botaniut that o fortalght could be occupled in on the bongts of o the ground.™ Mr. h full to the eartl from time w time, In the ardens of lrazil, camelllun 5 fect high, and latgo enough to cllinb 100 Lo pluck the topmiost bioseoiw Hinchllt saw sentour London dinner-tubles, but grown nto very on which I uave founa the celinwoiy stac of their foral Lracts to bo X foet in dinme- profusion of other cultivated Howers rowlng In vxtraurdinary luxurfunce are mentioned ¥ tho outhor. EVOLUTION OF $PECIES, The oppunents of the Evolution theory have derived one of Lheir strongest supports from the absence, in the fossll records of anclent life n- closed fu the rocks, of evldences of gradution in the development of Hee-forms, of Paleontulogy hus not yet b " systematle thoroughuess, und a multitude of \s Sl In winoral products, wid varying forms huve been arbitrarlly referred to detinite specles, from which they really depurted by divers and dlstinet differences. lurgu busl ter." A But the sclence n studled with utely | dlfferent species, There has been recently pub- wubjugited by Sultan Mahmoud. ” During the last | livted by Dr, Neumayer, o dletiugulshed paleon- 1 tolugiat'of Vienna, uind 3. Paul, of the A o Bervia, which, though waccewsful for | Geologlesl Surve: a tme, have provoked barburous retallation | maine of the tert s forelgn masters, In 161G, M- | which atfurds valual loech, the leader of o telumphant rebellion, waus chueen Prince of Servia, and the alection was sance toned by u liattl-sherlf of the Sultun. 1o wus ;qc&urdv in 1860 by hlv sun, und by Alllan IV, in 508, Josnia, Iyl on the westoru boundary of Servia, | havo been fofmed under Includes't raphon the fossli re. und triassic beds In Hungary, u tostimony Lo (he truth of the hypothesin of Evolution, ‘Tho beds which have atfurded this testhmony are composed of wands, clays, and lgnite, and oppear to be uf lacustrine origin, 'Fhey liave a thickness of 2,000 feet, the lower portion of whicl secius to rack vl wator und Lhe re- e Yurkish domains In Croatia and Duls | msluder under fresh water, ‘Throughout thy fresh watia, aud the district of Herzegovina, 1t com- | water, deposit-sheita beionglug prizes an ares of 24,874 square iniles, and in 1869 [ V ad w population of ubout I, 100,000, ' The suriace | Forty ditinet forms of #ils group sra tigured and is much like that of Scevia, belog | described in the memoir by MM, Neumsyer und ed with forests. Some of | Paul, —showlue concinvively the hizhest peaks of thy Dinarlc Alps reach sn sel altitude of ubove 7,000 feel, Yho valt L tho prtue | Fielpars achatliides up to the speclvy exbibiting ipard, or LPatudina, oceur In” grest abundance, that there” wow o advancing by icradual stepa from the simple the moat highly comphieated ntnamentation. From an examiy of these stiells, e are ted, ™ re. an able commentator, **to the conclusion Ahat A vast numbor of forme, certainly exhiliting epecitic distinctions, aml, according to some natars tsta, diferencen even entitled to be regarded of Keneric value, have all n common uncestry. TEAF-MOLD, A Thetreea in Hydo Park, London, are exhibiting slgus of blight and decay, greatly to the regret of all who frequent that detightful and fash- fonable place of redort. It ia suggested in HMandwicke's Science-Gussip that the cause of the trouble Is the cureful removal of the fallen leave and feult which form the natural food of thetrees. A portfon of the phosvhate or oxalate of fime, which the trees have drawn from the sall, fa atored in the tissnes of tho leaves and friits in the form of crystals, Tt {8 this which rendors leaf-mold so valuable as a manure,* There- fore, when the treo sheds its Tenves, they shanld be allowed to remnin around Its base, In order that they may restore (o the sofl the Important constituents which 1l ave taken from it When they are habituully removedl, the noll hecomen fnie poverished, and incapahle of sustalning a vigorons vegetation, **itad the old forests bheen alwnys cleared of the faflen lonves, there wonld long since hove been o decay of that noble vegetation which #till excltes the kilmiration of the traveler, Rich wird deep wolle muy nifard for lonz perinds a sufli- clency of calearcons salta for the proservation of the plants, bot not vo shullow and poor sofls, The ity of maltale niatter snnuatly taken up, oven byt shigle tree, from the soll, and appearing ns mibscroscaple crystals in_the plant, fs prodigs fous; nud, unless thin saline material be returned to the eartly exliaustion thereof must soaner or luter oceur, * WEATIIER=-WARNINGS, M, Le Verrfer, the Dlrector of the Paris Ob- us Inaugurated a aystem of weather- for the vspecinl benetit of agriculs The experiment began May 1, in the Departments of Vienne, Haute-Vienne, and Puy-le-Dume, and will e continued until Oct, 1, when the results will be carefully inveatl- gated, and the system fmproved according to the experlence galned, Weather-warnings for the .henefit of the French muo- rine have been fesued from the Parts Observato- ry for the pust, eighteen years; but these lave comsisted. matuly’ of prigrnosticutions of the force and_direction of the wind in coming storms, For the advantoge of the agrioulturist, the spproach of ralns, hail and thunder-storms, must be foretold, ¢ points to which particu- lur attentlon is directed In the present experd- mentare: 1 'The progress of the rain-fal) with regard to quantity, and the manner in which It ix ropajated In the' course of ftw movements from “unton to Canton. 2. The aceurrence und conrse of thunder-stormes. 3, ‘I'te collection of datu Learing upon the origin and prozress of hall-storms, 4. The vbrervation of Inte frosts, and of the infin- enee af smoko in counteracting thelr effccts, 5, Flnally, tho esiablishinent of warninga relative to fuundstions, In the prosecution of this system of warninge, 1t is expected that the knowledge of thy ‘meteoralogy of I'ennce will he greatly extended, und that many facts muy be dlscovered of advautage 10 the wcienca in othier parts of the world, . CANADA GEESE. The Canada Goose (Brantu Canadensis), like other members of its tribe, usually bullds its neat upon the ground; yet, in varlous parts of the Upper Missourl aud Yellowstone reglons it is a comton thing for it to breed {n trees, Dr, Conea states upon trustworthy nuthority that the birds ** build In the heavy timber along the larger streams, and transport their young to the water In thelr Lille." A note in the Hulletin of the Auttall Oraithalogicat Club, by Capt. Ghailes Bendire, confirms this fact, and also suggests ro- flections upon that quality powsessed by the lower mmmals which s called netinct, but ko often re- somblen the higher faculty of reuson. Writing from Comp llenry, Orfegon, April 24, 1876, Capt. Dendive says: ‘‘The sciuson f8 ver) backward, and ecarcely any of the smnll species of birds bave commenced to bulld yet. 1‘llu water is very hlfill, and the whole lower flar- ney Valley Is flonded. The Western Canada geene #eem ta have antlclpated such o state of affairs, ns Inxt year 1 did not see o slngle nest of thelrs o the mround; while this spring all of them, as farus I linve observed personally, or have henrd of lllrou)ih othere, are bullt fu tecea off the ground, mostly in willows, Some make uso of lcrons' nests, and ot uf & raven's neat, —the ouly raven 1 found luat year {o s tree, ™ BRIEF NOTES. The number of denizens of the Southport aquarfum, eays Nature, has been lately incrensed by the birth of no less than one thousand sca- horses in one of the tanks. The British Assoclation for the Advancement of Sclence will meet nt Glasgow this year,'the seasfons commencing Sept. 6. The nuturalists of the Challenger Expedition, and Lieut, Cam- cron will be the *1lons ™ of the occasion. Tho horing of the shaft for the Channel Tun- nel continues with hopetul cocoursgement. Ata depth of 240 feet, no fault fn the strata had been observed, threatening difficultica In the way of the projected work. Odoard Beceard, the Italfan oaturalist and explorer, returned home {n June, aftera four and half years’ sojourn {n Enstern Malaysta and New Gulnea. He will finmudiately propare for publicution an account of his journcys and nat- ural-history collections, An International Congress of Geography having for its object the organization of ui fnternational sclentifle expedition to Central Africg, will be convened at Brusacls, Scpt. 11 The King of the Belglaus has invited all Gov- ernments to send delegutes. A ruse to which the cel sometimes resorts In order to_secure a dinuer, 18 to hold (ts Jaws widely distended, while it Hes perfectly ‘still amonk the stones and weeds I a stream where 188 body will be out of slght. The little fishes sporting about will run into its yawning gape, without & suspicion of danger, and find them- selyes, too late, in a futal trap. An interesting note fupon the habits of a small prrusitic crab (Piunotheres plawm) s con- tributed to Nature,” A common Ascidian (A, Virginea), sheltering o specimen of the porasite, was placed [n a tank, when 1t was observed that every night the erab lefe ts lodging and crept uhout the floor of the tank In seurch of food. It rematucd in the branchial envity of the ascid- i durlng the day, us was proved by the dis- asectlon of the mussel. The Parls Society of Agricnlture and Insect- olugzy lns apphied to the Munleipal Council of Paris for & wrant of lupd at Montsounls, on which to establish a madel aplary, n bota collection of beo-feeding plants,” n model cs. tublishiment of serlefeulture, smd a collection of trees likely to afford nutrlinent to sllk-worms, The request. will by granted on conditlon that the nupils of the munleipal schools be allowed Iree admission to tho fustitution, The French Minlster of Publie Instruction Is organlzing o serfes of thlvty-two sclentific mis- slon, which are to pursie investigations in Europe, France, sml Ameriea, Nine misslons will e devored to Nutural History, and one of these will llml(y the fauna and tloia of Switzer- Jand; four will be oceapied with Mediclne sod ymene; four will deal with Luuguages; e Wil study the history of extinet or neavly extluct ruces; aud three will pursiie as- tronomieal wid meteorologicul fuaulyies, On the 30th of March, 1875, u shower of pum- feecllke dust fell widely over Norway sud Bweden, In some muces 1o the depth of ong- fourthatan fuchi, On {le20th, o shower of ushes, lu-uecedln',: from uctlve volvanoes, vecurred i celund, covering some portlons of the fsland witha 6 inchies di It 1% suppased that the ushes falling In Scan- dinavin were part of the shower descending up- on leelsnd 3 und, if 60, they were borne by the wind w distanee 0f 2,000 kifometres in fess thun wwenty-four hours, A Danish botunieal collector, M. Fritz Jansen, hua been studying this season the flora and fuunn of Unjoni, Elllee, and tlbert dshamds, ho- longlig to the group of the Atolls. In July he expected to mulie n botanleal tour among the Loyulty Islands, after which he was to spend 1w munths collecting on the southeast coust of New Gulnea. Mr, Junsen {8 prosecuting these researchivs throngh un arrangement with Mg, 8, J. Whitinee, whoti hie hus sslsted [ olussify: ng the Aoinof the Samenn Islutuds, 700 specics of which nd been brought together, It s hoped that by Mr. Jansen’s labors this summer much vatuable materlnl will be gathered to- }\‘Ll\nl ’llm elabovation of the flora of the Luclile slantls., Onoof the resnlts of Dr. Bastlan's experi- ments In establishing the theory of spontancens aeneration has asimple explunntion Ina recent abservation of Prof. Furd Cobn, — In the course of his ronvarches lnto the lowest forms of plant- 1fe, the Professor has studled the process by which cheese Iy nunafactured, and arvived ut the folluwlng concluslons yespectlng the phe- nomena exhlbited: *The rennet contading u liquid ferment’ which causes cougulation of the willk; aleo fernent-vrganbsing (Bacillus), wh probably .bring on butyricacld fermentation, and cuuse the slow maturing of the checse. It 14 thetr restlng-spores that, Inclosed by the dry elieese-shbstance, resist bofling heat for u longz tiue, and, inw suitable nutritive lguid, way alterwards develop to baclllus-rods,? The Journal of Selence and Arts mentlons the death, ut the nge of 228 years, of Porter Ponier, o student of Piysles, who dnd developtd re- markable gentus o the depurtment of applled weencs, CUis ajudics had lod bl with great stecess, Into orlginal fuvestizatfons of heat as a forea in natured and his thorengh, and nce curate, and ludeps ent rescarches In this direc. Uon had atteacted the favorsble notles of the Facultles under whom le studied. e attained to such (mportant resnita as were foind worthy of publie notlee: aud he wns cogaged (n the preparation and publication of an original work on the Dynamlcs of Hent, with the npproval of his Professors. Ills en- thusinem drank-up his apirits and utterly cx- hausted bis plysieal torce, Before ho wua aware, he was i1 the ndvanced stages of an In- curablo disenso, and, while Tntorig o put iy work through the press at Cambridgt, e was pronounced beyond recovery.t He e June 11, WITH A GILOST. All the Yeur Ronnd, The altuatfon s this: An unimaginative man 0f 30, whoso duys are spent In busluessjn new euburbun villa; o bright, sunshiny country; nelghbors all round one; and o new cemetery o hundred yards' distance from the house. To this house and to this man the ghost came. Anil fn this wise: It was o August, I was sitting, after dinner, trying to get sentimental over my opproaching martlage, and pleturing to inyselt Eleanor fn the casy chalr opposite me, The Jight was fad- fugry hut asmy eyes followed the lines mechanfe- ally, and my thoughts were clsewhere, 'that mattered lttle. Outside the house there was stillness cxtraordinary—no stirring of theleaves; ho breath In the afr; no volees from my own Kiltchen; no sounds from the houses . on clther side, which were locked up, thelr ten- auts being at the seaside; not even the die- tant Lark of a dog or the distant roll of a car- vinge 1o show that there was nuother Jiving per- son fn the world beshde myself, Then a curfous Ieeting eame over me; suldenly realized that life may go on in fnvisible, intangible forms; I looked round me with a shudd; T expected something., The room beeame, without warn- Ing, listinetly darker; the ale grew chilly I felt cobd dews stand upon iny forehead, Bemember that up to this moment there was no reasou at all—none whatever—for alarm, Yet T becume unaccountably nfeald. T turned to the window for reliet, and there—thero I saw 17 for the first thne, It was standing ontslle the window, a dark shadow, clearty outlined ngalust the sky; color- Tess, nud yet {ts draperles were like white graves clothes; shapeless, and yet, somehow, hamnn fn appearnoee. And it had o fuce. Deep-sunken nmd lustrous eyes, bright with phosphoric plen- dor, shiowed me hollow cheeks, lips thattrembled u8 i with passton, aud a trowning forchead, When I turned he ralsed his hand and shook {t at me beneath its linen folds, and then, with that slugular movement remnrked by all who have conversed and ars faniliar with ghosts,—a movement in which the shape neftherglides nor walks, but chunges place,—the spectre stood within the room, facing me. I am sshamed to sy that I was frightened, * 80,” ho suld, with an angry glance, “Ihave found you at last.” 1 nunde no repl‘y. ‘What wns there to sayil 1 have found you ut last, haye (1 Now I haye you, what shall I do to you i 1 coulil only look hopelessly, Ho pushed one arm outslile the cerements wideh covered [t—n long, lean arm, marked with o tattoo represent- fug n ship in full sail, surmounted by u skull und cross-bones. I1e whook his tist excitedly in my face. Inotleed that the alr was not stlrred by his movements. It was odd, too, that I recovered my courage as soon us he Lcmm to threaten, s gestures beenme moro threatening. Ile repeated tweuty thnes running the question with which e first accosted me:” ¥ Now 1 lhave found you, what shull I do with yout" It scemed, Indeed, us if he could ssy nothing more. - ‘*Come,” I cried at last, ‘this is fooling. What do you mean by coming to iy house like o madmaif = Leave off nsking what you will do with me, If youare a ghost out of "his senses, suy 203 {f not, vary the monotony by u'yln): sumething else, Can’t you awear, man? Can't you reliove nature in the usual manneri™ e gronned aud wrung his hands. ST can't,? he sald, Tt Isn't allowerd. Iawish Icould, What shall Idowith you? What shall Ido with you " “You bave nasked mo that a hundred times already. Bab! you are n ghost, Ghosts can do nothing, I uscd to bellove that they did nut exist, Now I sce thattheydo. Butlook here.” 1 took the poker from the fireplace and passed it through hhn. ThenI ent him downllke o guardsman at Waterloo, Then I sllced him fn two like a soldier at un assauit-of-arms, At ench pass of the wenpou he ducked, recolled, and crled nloud. A ‘$8ee, you_ cnnnot reslst, I do what I ltke with you, What can you do In returni * He'ralsed his hand and struck at my face, It wasns if & cold wind blew upon my check, I could not repressu shudder. The old shiver came across me. e saw it at once, and sprang at my throat, To my surprise, what was before as a breath of cold ale becamo tanglble, I felt hia cold u}) with his long, bony tlngers at '"f' "throat, IIfs face, close to mine, was filled with an enger longing for revenge. His lurld eyes glared In mine. Hls teeth glistened fn the twilight. It wus but for a mowment that was ofrald. Then I rallied my couraue, sprang upright, and lovked iy u]mcl,m\ enemy in the face. As T looked tho tangibllity of his fingers weaKened, the tightness of hiy grasp relaxed, and his look changed from one of triumph to that of batlled roge, Then ho fell back sullenly and threw himself into an eusy- chnlr, glarings round the room, “Inever allow any one but mysell,” T satd, 10 oveupy that chalr, 1t la mie, Please taled atother. He changed chalrs immedlately, SWI this dot " t was one next to mine. I begged him to take onc on theothersldeof the fire-place, which lie did at once, Then 1 sat down and sarveyed the sltuntion, I waa ulone, save anold woman, my tem{mmry fuctotuth, in the kitchen, Tho peopls in thu houses round weve now il away for their holl- duys, 1hnd o ghost, presumably s Junatic of n dangerous kind, under my roof. It was fm- ossible to et r]l\ of hiln, unless lio choso to go. ou eannot pusl, kick, or throw a ghost out of a window or door; you cannot lock him In one room while you fiu tusleep {n unother; you can- not shut yoursell up {n your bedroom and defy Liim; above ull, you never know what tricks hie oy be nt, Thiuking of theso things, I be. cuine ‘consclous of another deeess of terror— slighter this time. My guest, however, per- celved it, nud n a twinkllng was on me again, with s skeleton flngers round ey throat, [ shook him off; that (8, I regained iy presence of mind, und he cowered back to his geat, where he sat, his head ou his arm, and his long white clothes clingiug to his limbs,“a slght never to be forgotteu Y Yy tedl me what it ineans,” I said, £ 1L means that Ir you wero afralil of me, 1 would throttle you llke n dog. It nveuns that I am sltting here \vnllln‘,: for the moment whun you will realize who and what I am; the fnju- Tles you huve done me, the wickedness of your life, the Jonelinesa of your position, and your presence with another world, Hul Jinl I see it coting! Your nerves woi't stinl me another uurter of an lour and then I shall seize you by the windplpe, snd squeeze, squecze, th 1lfe- Livod out of you " Presently he went on again: “You will havo to gu to Led savn. You can- not slt up all night,"” “1low long cun you stay herei” *As long us I lo! ho! ho! Teanbo with you, now 1 have found you, morning, noun, undd night, When you are quietly In your bed, Fshall e sitting by the bedside, waitlng for o moment's weakuess, When you are at your ot~ tice in the ult&, I shall be at your elbow, waiting to find you off yonrguard, At dinner I shall be behind you. You will not cscapo me, Sovner or later you will be afralid, ‘The time will come. Ishall walt, 1 shall wait,” “ Pray explain,” 1said blundly, *“You will walt until Lum afrald ¥ Precisely, We ghosts cannot hurt people who are not afrald of us., Our power s only over the cowardly and superstitfous—that is, over nearly all toankiod, * Ouce a man hes the pluck to stund up Lo ue, wo are powcerless,” “My good fricad,” T replied, % lot us enjoy each uther’s society without mutual confessiond, T grant ol thut you haye sald, It is very curl- ous and Intereating, Not, perhu;u, ulte so horrible us I mlght huve expected, had T known you were coming, but ntlll—h{jhu way, you hadl from the tery close by L do. AN villaln und traftor! who put me thered [ do; undus I wus taking an cvening Inviaible stroll, I happened to look tn at your window, and saw the man £ had expeeted “and wost hoped tosce. Hal ha! T shall muke it hot for that muan, So I will, too,"” he udded, weakly, sfter a pause. 1 miule no reply, but went on sinoking as it he had heen uiordinary visitor, $When 1was in thit country ship, trading between Rangoon aud Caleutta~there, what's the use of raking HS lh? old storyi " m“N"um:," Lreplicd, " None utull, unless you ke, “ No use talking, * What's the good of talk} Como ta that, 1 might remiud you what went ou, you know, ut Yokohuua *Ebl What do yoit sy Lo that " 1 bisve nothing to say to that.” “Lordl Ibtd| Bows wiu will brazen out anythingl And what nbout the I Kong Tuislncos? Whe promisod what soit o gonns if soine one walked the plank, wid somethily, \\‘llllI thingumbobhed. ‘hll' 3 ere wis o very scifous question. 1y ool oy head, * Aeatinnl Loy ‘Thingmmbobbed,” he repeated, U Sengt1o, yoi villain [ und the cooliea’ sent to Kingdon,, comel ® And nfter that to round upon oy Why i I take to drink? Why did J o a0, “with ram-aud-water enouph {o foay Solomon's flect! Whyt whsyl whyy't I“](;'l"\'l‘l". suy, Lam sire. Shall we say pocd nigh & If you are goinyr to bed Twill go with you, Mant ntow I've caught you, do you think I sliat} lenve you{" Tlifs was pleasant, 1 shut the windows and went up stalrs, iy followed ne. 1 undressed and got into e, Once thero [ shut |.n¥ cyes resolutely und trivd togo to elecp, This “was {mpossible. F cry ten minutes or go I felt obliged to open thewr, He was alwaya standing by the bedside, Erave, stern, and resolute to do ‘ine o misehiel, (f ho could—Iif" I grew afrald, “You nre still liere? I asked when tho clocle struck two. . “1 shall efay here,' he added, “ o long s you stay here, I shall be with you day and” uijgh, You shall never cense to feel me with you. [ will make sleep linpossible, and I will trouply your business hours." There was littly sleep for me that night, When the day broke I dropped for half an hour Into n hieavy itneonsciousness, awaking suddenly nwd with a horror upon mo that at firat 1 did not understant. I rosoand dressed. It followed my move- menta. Teaw tho speetre now only “when |t enme lnto the sunlicht, Then it Was dim)y visible, but only, I think, to myself. I break- fasted and went fnto the city. It came with me, It sat besfde tne in the frain; it followel me through the streets; it was with me in my nllll‘ce; ftcumuafter me up tho steps of my club. ““The thing grew maddening, If T forgot it for a moment, I heard a whisper In my ear~ ST am here” I T managed to tlx my attentlon ot the subject in hand, that neeursed yolee began to vemind e that T was netther to sleep nor to worl, nor to iave any peace for the rest of my natural life. ‘ What you linve done, I shall do—and warse, Tehall dog you—1 shall haunt you—TI shall mako remorse and despalr do for you what vou did ‘ln vav."r and tome. I whl revenge mnysclf—and her, What had Tdone tohim? Tow was I to get rid of thls miurged lunatfe rhost 7 By what llvell and eharm could I lay him forever In the Red Bea ‘I'he full migery of the thing was yet to come, ‘The speetve, hit the ufternoon seemed to liave Teft me, Ieven forgot Its existence, and dined comfortably, At 8 I'met my Eleanor, and per- awded hiery not thinking of what might happen, to look at gome new furniture In what was goinz to be our jolnt house. She came, Nothing lmnmnull untll we went fnto the garden, As Ted her up aud down the walk, her hand in mine, she suddenly M.a[l)ped with u cry. “Allred, ‘who has been walking along tha sand Y—tliere was an edgior of red sand to the gravel—‘ayith bare feet (7 I looked. There were footprints—zreat finum. footprints—parallel with my own. knew at once what wus going to happen, and I trembled, “ Nothing, Nelly; nobody. Who should walk fn bare feet except a carpenterf Let us 70 In. ¢ Alfred!" she cried, * sec, they are falling &t the footprints,—as we walk, = Take me In, —tuke me away{" It was pleasant! The accursed ghost wwas set- ting bis long feet beside mine, keeping step, so that at e\'crrv footfall of mine there was n new footprint of his, Iboremy girl half falutiog into the house. Y What was {t, Alfred? What wasit! Iam afraid, And sce—sce! Ohl Alfred—Ailfred!” With a cry of fright she fcll fulnting into my arms. Between us and the window stood re- venled that awlful figure n its Ion% white graye- clothes, puinting its long bony fingers at me, but saylne no word. I took Eleanor home, I mplored her to keen sllenco ns to what ghe hnd seen, 1 soothed and fnclflml her, 1 assured her that it wos fancy— hat it was & trick of the Imagination—that it was some schoolboy deviltry—uanything to kecj her quiet, And thus Ileft” her, and returncd, miscrablé aind maddencd, to battle with thid demon who had fastened himself upon me. Ho was sitting fn my chalr, with his abomi- nable head, as usual, In his hand, “[ allow you to go away with the [flrl.” he 8aid, “beecduse I do not ‘wish to do her any havm, But she shall uever inarry you—remei- ber that, Wretch1”—he rose froin the chalr and approached me with threntening pestures— “wretch! Was it not euough to interfere be- tween mo and her? You try to wurder the hap- ]wlnnlu of another innocent girl! Can you ruth- eas]y— “Jnud heavens!" T eried, almost beslde my- sclf with rage, * What have I done to you, devil or ln'rln'ntlc, ihot you shiould persceute ine In tuls way “ ITe asks me what he had done! Think of Madagzascar, villain of the deepest dye. Think of Sun Fran, pirate and crlm[}y; ‘Think of Liv- crpool docks and Polly, Joe Kirby—Joe Kirby, Yo were always ns brozen & lar s over stuy- ped, but I did not think you would brazen it out to me." A thought struck me. N You call me Joe Kirby, I am pot Joe Kir by at all. I never beard of any Joe Kirby," e lnuglied. “TI you ure not Joe Kirby,” ha sald, * I will eat 1y hat—I mean, of course—" * Comc, this is trffllng. I say that you mis take me for some one else. What makes you thluk ne Joe Kirby " “ Beeanse you nre," . Nonsense. Llow long sinco you saw Joe Kirbyi " “Ten years." = % What was hie llke when you left him1" “ Much the same as you,—sanctlmoninus Took, reddish halr, stumpy tigure, fat clecks, Just, like {uurnun‘. 4 Had this devil of o Joe Kirby any marks?” ! Tuttoo marks like mine, on'the’ right ann, Iatd W—I mean Joe, He did me.” T drew up my shirt und showed him my arms, white and free from any tattoo mark atatl. He was stupeticd. S Well—~['i—no—I'm_ dnshed, _And you aln't Joe Kirhy at aflt Lord] Jordl whal & fool 'lfllllfllln'l have taken me for,” T gt “And me to go and et outall the little se- crets, Mate, yoit hold your tongue about that Yokohatma busiuess,’ 1 never thought mucl “Now [ slinll think stil) less of them," £Go ony” ha sald, “go on; let me have it."” “Why couldn't you aslg before you cane blundering futo n house with your Infernal long white shectt Why conldu’t you put the ques- tion befare you bc:.;nnl ) % Why, fndeed 1 ho echoed, *“Look here, mate, I'm vunxv sorry for this lttle lstake—1 amy indeed. And frightening the young lady and all. What shall T donow to funke things squnre pgaind “ Dol What can you do but go right away1* 1le began to disappear. I scemed to breathe moro freely. Then :Im shape, which had almost disappearcd, started Into slzht agaly with a sud- denness which brought buck the horror which first sefzed me, “One word, 8lr,"" he sald, “I'm afrald I huyen't come well out of this ufTuir, Now s'poss —1I unly aay a'pose—I can put you on ta u good thing, ~ Itmay be a wreek lylngs fn four or tivo fathum Turk's Islund way;” it inay be a buried treasure; it may be only i pot of money it muy be coins, or {t mny be “statues; but it I should liear of h,nml wits to come and tell you, it might go some way to gettlng futo your good opinion ngain.’ *“Nu,"'1 replied. I want nothing, except thfiuxlm;nnfu hat [ shall never see you agaly.” o alirhed, 8 Well, siry I feel that I can’t go ngainst your wishes. I promlse. No malice, ehi When we meel aguin, which meet wo may, thers will bo no mallce, Iy hope," Then he disappeared finally, and I have scca no more of b, I have often wondered who Mr. Joseph Kirby Is, where he lives, what ke has done, and how be mamaged to offend my ghost, Verl mlm, if ho reads this, he will throw some light on that Yo- kohama busincss, And I should 1tk to get at the bottom of the affulr with Polly aud the Liv- erposl ducks, —— SONG. Taasels of gold were waving n the valo below; Limpid vtrenma wero laving Wiid tlowurs In thelr dow; ‘The birds wore yayly slngiog * Carulingd beloved, Home-thuughts gontly bringing ‘To thelr mates who roved. of ghosts,” I sald, T watched the scene and pondezss “Chronyh the Summer's day My truant funcies wandered To laude fur away : e sweel camo uinging #cn-beat shore Vol Fro ‘Words on my car (el ringingt *+Come nnd roum no more. 4 Come where the true hearts walt you, tiai to wee azuin,— Whers nono will ever hate you, Never give you pain, " Biich thu Whispering uieasuro Itnntling through the grain, Fliling my heart witn pleasure At thy eiveot retrum, JANES LAVALLIG

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