Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 26, 1876, Page 9

LITERATURE. Philip Gilbert Xamerton’s ¢ Rural Life in France.” Native Races of the Paoiflc States---A Scriptural Glossary. Shakspeare and the Bible---Joaquin Miller's Novel--The First Complete Shakspeare. Tho First Three English Books Rel- allve to the Continent of Amerlca, Life i*he Far East: The Nomads, and the Dwellers in Cities, Oriental HKesidences, Inns, Mosques, Schools, Shops, Cafes, and Proverhs. giberian Exploration---Harbingers of Spring-=-Fauna and Flora of 8t. Helena--~Tho Moas=« Brazilinn Fungi, LITERATURE. RURAL LIFE IN_FRANCE, Rouxd My Housr: NoTes oy Ruaas Lirz oy FRaxoe % PrackaNp Wan, Ly Putuie Giuozar Haro- oN, Author of Etchers and Etchinge,” ¢ The Io- telloctnal Life, etc., efc, 13mo., pp, 416, Boston : Roberts Drothers. Chicago: Jamen, AMcClurg & Co, Prico, 2. Mr. Hamorton, the Engllah landscape-paintor and art-writer, has been for & long timo a rest- dent of France. The circumstance of bis having married a Parisian lady undoubtedly bad much to do with his establishment in this foreign land ; yot the attractions of scenory suited to his tnsto, and of varlous conditions pooullarly favorable to tho prosecution of bis literary and artiatia stud- {on, were not without a strong influonce in tho cholco of a locality for hia abode, Msny yeara 820, he tolls us, ho determined to soek s homo In somo rural districk in the country of his adoption, which should offer tho advantages of picturesque and varied land- scapo, a comfortablo climate, —good weather for out-door aketching jn summer beiug an essen- tial requisito,~within oasy distanco of a town, and accessible to linos of travel, snd thua to tho preat centres of social and commercial lite, Ho was long In dlacovering a eituation that com- bined nll theso desirable properties; but, by dint of porsaveriog sesrch, and the assistance of irionds, Lo was able at last quito perfectly to eatisfy his demands. Couutry-houses in France are not often con- structed with a view to occupation all the year round, but rather as & place of resort for a fow weoks in the warm scsson, whera the owner may throw off the restrictions of socioty, and load a free, rough mort of life, wearing old olothes, sitting on hard chairs, sleeplng in copboards or cells, or on the floor, and aispens- ing with many of tha comforts, together with all of the elegancies, of Iifo {m the town. The chateau, which is quita distinct in charac- for from the ocountry-bouse, is generally roomy sand hospitable at all fimes; but s dwolling of tkis quality is aoldom to lot, and, it it wore, Is dncombered with extonsive grounds that make it too troublesome and oxponsive a rosidenco for the majority of tonants. After exploriog thres departmenta in tho northesstorn portion of France,—traversed rospectivoly by the Rhone, the Saons, and the Doubs,—and the wine distriot of Burgundy, an eligible home was socured by Br. Hamerton in s beautiful valloy surronnded by an amphithoatre of lofty, foreat-clad hills, threaded by trout.stresms, and distsnt but 8 miles from an anclent city, Tho rural and urban population of this valley nume bered about 80,000 souls, and nmong theso there ‘wero at least fivo or six cultivated persons, ac- cording to Mr, Hamerton's reckoning. About tho ssme proportion, ho rematks, that aro to be found In the populaco of the north of England. Buot Mr. Hamerton's atandard for “a caltivated person” s rathor high, asisshown in Lls statement that, **In the presant low state of tho goneral mind, the groat Capitala are the only places whero yon can fill a room with people capable of talking well togethor about any important subjoot," The three great classes into which tho Frenoh are divided—tho noblesss, the bourgeotsie, aud the gfllfllfl—-wufll fully represented” among tho inhabitants of this partioular valley ; and, asso- ciasting with_all in the familiar rolatious of a oltizen, Mr. Hamorton was able to atudy closely the distinctive traita and habitsof each’division, His admirable qualifications aa an observer and » narTator are well known ; and when is added an intimate knowledge of his subject, such as be has gained of the character of French soclo- ty, it will be seen that he ls peoulisrly compe- tent to write an interesting and authentia history of life in rural France, Taking his homa for the centre of obaervation, b oxtended his in- vestigations regarding tho demeanor and the usages of his neighbora for wiles around, and has gathered tho results of bininqulries into the fltn{;ulmn yolume fellcitously named * Round ouse.," {!uglnninu whore Mr, Hamerton does, with his sorutiny of the manners of lus forsign compan- ions, we loarn that, whoo s atranger settleaTh a wow neighborbood {u France, ho ia oxpected to wnake thoe firat advances towards acquaintance- ship, At whatevor hounos he deulres friondly sdmittance, he ia obliged to pay tho 1nitial vinit, and, with what delicacy Lis ean, make cloar the claima ho has, in tho way of rauk, wealib, or reputation, to soctal couslderation, A good deal of embarrassment attonds this jatter part of the business, 8a ali claims, excopt that of aj preciablo wealth and a fixed title, have & meroly local valus, A man's fame soldom sproads far in the country, snd a removal to tho dis- tanco of 100 " miles costs bim most of that which he mav. bave acquired, But let him transfor himself from s forelgn conntry, as from England, mto a rural oeighborhood in Funcnl and the worth of & Baronot's titlo, or of a lterary roputation like that of the poat-laureato, is wholly lo * No- bcdzaknom in this country,” says Hamerton, “‘what & Baronet ia; nobody has Licard of Teu- nyson.” Whon the round of flret visita has baon naid by the stranger, it 18 by no m certain that hie proffers of frlendsbip will b kindly ra. coived sud rewarded. ‘I'hls mortifyiog possibnli- ty randers tho custom enpecially odious, and it may be inferred that & soif-respecting English~ map, like Mr, Hamerton, wholly contemned {t, In bis case, nothing was eacrificod by this pro- toction of hisdignity; bis reslmerit and riglit foeling were properly estimated, and his Frouch neighbora soon came to Lreat him sa the English or cans would have doue undor eimilar clrcumatances, A marked decline {n tha easy hospitality of the rural Freoch ‘was ono of the first things noted by Mr, Hamerton, Thecause of this waa tho iotroduction of habits of luxury and ceremony by the rulets of the Becoud Empira, Whoreas, in former times, gueats wore entertained in tho simple style customary {n the family, without & troublesome dersugement of overy-dsy modea of hivipg, it haa now becomo the fashion to give atato dinoers and coetly banquets whonever the house is opened for the reception of friends. ‘This lamentable extravagance makes the exorcise of tho nites of hoepitality s burden and an_ex- pense, that are to bo avolded whenever nossiblo, and, ss a consequence, clills and rostricta social Intercouse. s et The Iadies of the middle clasaes are genaral) sxilled and devoted housokespers, and & grost run of the domestio service is performsd by hom. Wherever there is any particolar refine- ment manifeated in the mauner of living, it {a quite sure to bo the resalt of the aatiyo supoe: vislon of tho house-mother, ‘Tho servants ai tached to even the wealthiest eatablishmonts ar excosdivgly limited in oumber ; and, as they are drawn from the igoorant r;nmcry. tbey remain 10 the eud of tho chapler incapable of aoquiring THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SBATURDAY, FEBRUARY 206, 1876~TWELVE PAGES. of dolicate cookery, or of fulfillin roquire espeoial” doftness or Intelli- gence. Thay are noat, wllling, industrions, and well-maunored, but domand aonstant direction aod overlooking, This lack of abundant and officiont servanis imposos constant and taxing labor upon housckeepers, which is, howevar, cheerfally suatained. The miscuievous ciranme stanco resulting from tho fact i tha uarrowing of the women's minda by total absorption in matorial and manotonous " duties, and their con- sequent alienation from tho larger aud bronder intorests that engago the mon. Provincial Iadies, In bath towntand country, are divided Into two distinct classes, dosignatad by Mr, Hamorton sa the bomo-women and the visiting womon, The former clasa predominate, and, though more bomely and unpretonding in thoir charactaristics, aro ronll‘v tho more estima- ble. “Tho ** femme du moude * talke morn glibly, being & reader of the {llustrated weoklion, an converannt with the gosslp of the noighborhood, and sho hiasa * proity oxternsl varnishj” yet nlie {a no more capablo of intelilgont couverna- tion with well-Informed mon than in bor less showy nister, the * femme d'intericur,” 1Itis oot of this absenco of montal culture snd nctlvl?’ on the part of the women tbat the separation of tho 8oxon, 80 notablo in Franco, hae ariren, Whor- over mon snd women meet in society, they quickly fall into groups compoued exclusivoly of ouo eex or tho othor, for tho topica that interost educatod gontlomen nra beyond the understand- lug and tho aympathy of the adies, 1 order to fndulge freely in tho discussion of politics, trade, Jaw, literatoro, and other subjects stimulating to the maaculine mind, French gen- tlemon muat resort to tho cafe aud the club. Horo thoy may convorse with intolligent com- panfous, rotired from tho irksome rostraint im- posed by the preacnce of ladies, whom it ia con- sidered Impolito to noglect or to contradict. A other potent cause of the scparation of tho sex: Is the devotion of women to tho crood and the ceremonials of tha Church, Much of their timo ia ocnufiled in attendanco upon religious sorvicoes, while thoir thoughta are molded snd controllod by ths clergy. *'Tho wholo condition of their minap," says Hamorton, **is o opposed to tho modorn spirit, that tho things which scom to s laymen most right and just appear iniquitous to tbem. Wo can hurdly talk about any contem- porary event without, iu some direct or indirect mauner, woundiug Lheir susceptibilities,” It naed not bo sald that the ntellect of Franchmen is not croed-bounil; hence, on all subjects out~ #ido of & most lunited cirelo, thoy muat secek sympatby sololy froni their owa Box. It a tho custom in tho country, to rise early,— at 5 iu the aummer, and at 7 in " midwinter, " No monl like tho English or American breakfast ta sorvod in the morning, bot the ladies genarally take a cup of coffeo with a pteco of bLread, and the gentlemon often do without anything, or, if the neod arimes, thoy take a basin of soup, or food of some othor sort suited to their inclina- tion. At 10 or 11 o'clock occura the principal meal of the day,—the dejeuner a la fourchetle. At this ropast ti is customnary to bavo a dish of mert, a dish of vegotablon, aud s dessert com- Po!cd chielly of fruit. '‘'he wino drank at meals s alwvays mome cheap vin ordinaire, and of this the gontlemen may onch consume an ontira bot- tlo, but the ladios seldom go beyond a balf-bot- tle. Dinner at 6 o'clook is the second and con- cluding meal ; snd, notwithstanding the long 1nterval soparating it from the dejeuner, tho food ia light and simplo, fraquontly consisting of moeraly au omeletts and malad, or a thin soup aud cold chickon. Wen is nover dravk during y repast ; indeed, it s Beldom used unlasa ps o Bort of medicine. The hubit of carly rising induces a correspondiog habit of early retiring, aud the rural French aro gencrally in bed by 9 o'clock or a littlo after. Binco the groat improvement in the condition of tho country roadways, which was juauguinted by the Government of Louis P'hilippe, tho cus. tom of horseback-riding as been abandoned, and it is deomed searcely befitting the dignity of sober and respectablo gontlemea to purauo this kind of oxercive. Young men, in the heyday of youth mod ligh spirits, may atill indulge fn a wild gallop ; but their oldera choore rathor to travel on whoels, I'cdestrianiam is, on the oth- or hand, not neglectod, and & walk of from 15 to 20 miles is an ordinary ocourrence, The nelghborbvod surrounding 3r, Hamorton ia pariicalarly aristocratic, and, since his resi- donce in ite midst, ho bas Iparned that, contrary to tho prevalent forolgn impression, tho titlo of nobility in_ Franco is stlll of great im- portauce, and that tho social diffor- cnco botween ‘‘une famille noble” sod *‘une Jamille bourgeoisie” Is immenso, Thers ia a groat deal of “false noblessein Franco; that Is, many families have prefixed tho Enuds de to their namos, who hed no rlfhe to tho titlo; but, whother kuown to bo geoulus or asstimeg, thoy who claim the distinction slovato themsolyes thereby ioto the highest rank, and ars accorded on all handa tho place and the privileges be- longing to nobility. The bourgeoisié wro, a8 & class, shrawd and clono financiore, living apparently for no other purposo than gain, and sacrificing every fecling of independenco and every elovated sentimont to the pursuit of money-gotting. DBy dint of vigllant industry, eoonomy, and_thrift, tho clsas are continually incroasing theic wealth, and, with it, their influence, ‘Tho alms of tho bour~ geoisie nro ignoble; ther narrow and dobase tho higher qunlitios of beart and mind; snd atill some stubborn virtues, like courage, pationce, and fortitude, distinguish tho order, Of tho peashntry, Who composo the great body of tha rural popuintion of France, Mr. Hamer- Jton furnisbes s large mmount of curious infor- ‘mation. Btolld, ignorant, obatinato, and unman- agoablo a8 is this part of ths poputation, it has ouormous power for good or ovil in the dostinies of Franco. The nobilisy itself, with its culture and ancient prestigo, hos loss nfluenco in_de- ciding the political fate of the country, It is difficult to concoivo of tho {lliteracy, tho super- stition, and tho intractability that charactorize the ciass, Tew among them can read, and the book aud tho nowapapor havo no aveuuoa by which to reach them. The two currents of com- muoication npen to thom aro tradition and ru- mor, both of which are treacherous and mis- leading. ‘The suthority of tha priesta is too slight to gutde and coutrol themj; like sheep they blindly follow the multitude in patbs the wisost can never mako suro beforeband that they will break into. Politlcal purtios have triod in vain to affoct tho peasaut vote, Tho Legiti- mista have used Iadios and pricats as thoir lfiflul!, and both bavo failed utterly of thoir object. As to Orleanism, tho peasant cannot be made to understand anything abont it ; but Bopapart. ism is plaiu to his comprehension. In all {xsues thut aro brought bofore him, lie ia liable to tho most unaccountablo freaks of opinion ; while to gorrect tho outrageous orzors ho fala lnto 18 & hopoloss undertaking for suy power above him, e doos not meaningly oppose himeelf to on. higbtened monsures,—he aimply does not con- coiva them. o doos not kuow that such & thing a8 culture oxisls ; the world of sclence, nrt, and litorature Io an uttor void to bim. And still, says Ar. norton, he is full of intell- goncs ;” ho has tact, dolicale perceptions, a cortain reflnoment, anad excellent manuers, T'his doltish, 1mmobile class Iy, howevor, tho bal- last of the nation, ** Irance i a mixturo of a littlo guupowder with a great deal sand ; tho cit- izons of tho large townu are the guapowdor, the poasantry aro tho sand ; if all wero gunpowder, the country wulild oxplodo all over, but the saud provents it." Tho customs of tho peasantry are rigorous and unchangeablo. * The bourgcois may wear & coat of any color ho chooses. ‘Iho pusmant must wear a blouse, and tho blouss muat bo bluo, Peasants of the same ago alwaya wenr the same kind of hat, the same texturs of linon, and, whon they buy a clonk,—in theso parts as least, —Iit {a always sure to be of a brownieb-gray, with brown atripes of a particular pattern, Cua- tom, indoed, hss been poworful onough to put all the class into umform, In the furmituro of thelr houso, tho peasants aro oqually regulated by tixed usages. Tho cabinet-maker's work fu always of walnut, and nearly of tho sama de- sign. The Led, the linen-preda (armoire), and the clock aro tho threa ltems to which inoat care {4 given. Somotlmes you witl ind two beds, Lo armoires, and two clocks in the eamo room,— one sot belonging to tho parents, tho othor to a married son. The womon are proud of thele armoircs, which aro prottily paneled, and thoy rub the panols till thoy shine, As tho fwpiture and mavner of life in the peasants’ ho is alwsys exactly alike, and all know tho sama things, sud aro _equally iguo- rant of overytning alse, the condequence must be, aud {8, & wondeiful narrowncess of expe- rienco in tho olavy, and a corresponding montal Darrownesa.' ‘The peasant woman works vigoroualy In the flolds, but at home ahs mhirks what domoatio dutios sho can, concealiuy her tndolonce in an affected uecossity for kuitting. Hor iguorance ot mwker[vx, of tho preparation of simple reme- diea for tho aick, and of provieion for the com- fort of her family, is gross and irreclsimable, The morning-meal 1n avery poasant's houso cou- elsts of a very choap soup filled with thin slicos of bread ; the dinuer s composed 1nvariably of potatoss with a second dish, eithor a paucako, ad, or olotted milk. Ouly on fostival occasious {8 meat ocaten, aud then it forms the solo dish, and each mas will consyme as much s ton Englishmen will eat at an ordinary meal, the arts offl Wine is not commonly used a3 8 beverage, excopt durtug haying and hervestivg, and at feasts, and on market-days. At these Istter times the peasant is very apt to drink $o exccss, The women of this class, like those abave them, are devout Cathollcs; but {t'is & disputed maiter whether tho men Laye at Lieaxt any religious falth. They app to be universally skeptical, BDetwoen husbandn and wiver thote (s genorally vory little Aftection, and also littie discord or mn*ugnl infl- delity, Their Incessant hard strugglo to liva makes them mavers. and, notwithstandig Rentle manner, thoy havo not much tonderness, aod their affoction {s solfish. Mr. Hamerton predicts, from the changen that have resulted durln;i the Iant goucration from tho amalioratod condition of the posantry, that, within s con- tury, tho oid distinctious defining the claan will Lo antirely swept away, ‘‘and the geniine oid Fronch peasaut will be unknown." In the chaploer treating of courtship and mar- risgo, the uational custom of coutracting marital alitances mith the elomont of love carafully ox- cluded is dollneated with a good deal of mtnutoilluatration. The I'rench suitor is defond- ed sgainst tho imputation of fortuns-hunting, and the arrangemant of the dowry is set down a8 a ratlonal act of prudence, Fronoh wivos aro alao doclared to boss pure in morals sa tho wivon of auy otlier nation,—o ssmertion which thooglitful people woald never call in quoetion, In the upper cisescs in Parin it is not difficait for youn? maen to becomo acquatuted with young ladion of their own rank; and, smong the peasantry, tha soxca asaoclate with porfect tree- dom; but, intho country and in provincisl towus, among what aro called the * rospectablo classes,” L |s almcat imposaible, Tho young men would undoubtedly be glad of the chance of falling in love, but’ the parents of youn, women tako care that no such chenco’ uhall occur, ** The French {dea of & woll-brought-up young Iady," saya Mr, Hamerlon, "I thft nhopyl ulg not know anything whatever about love marrisge; that sho rhould be both innocent and ignorant, and both fn the nupreme de- greo,—both to =& degrae wch no Kne ghal person can imagine. If, indood, I wers 1o say bero quite piainly to what & dogroe this in- noceuce sud this ignorance are earrled iu the most_ thoroughly respectablo French families, the Lnglish roador would Isugh at me, acd say that it was neither trus nor possiblo, and that was very tunocont mysolf for bolieving it to bo possible.” Mr. Hamerton has written about French po- litical partios, the I'rench clorgy, and the Church aud Univorsity, with tho samo fullnoas that he has about tho topics from which wo Lavo takon 80 many particulars, Ilo han also concluded his book with a couple of chapters relating his ex- imncnco and obsorvations during the Franco- Prussian War. Thus he has presonted tho En- glish reader with a dotailed and intelligent ao- count of the French people, such as Loy never bofore been produced. NATIVE RACES OF THE PACIFIC STATES. Tuk NATIvE HaCEs OF TitK V'ACIFIC BTATES OF NoRTH Auxzrcs, Ly llunent Hows Bancuorr, Vo, IV.— AxtiquiTizs, Vol. V.—~Pnutimive limzony, 8vo. New York : D, Appleton k Co, At tho cogt of Immonse and untiring labor, Jr. Bancroft has compressed into the fourth volume of hls ‘‘Native Races of the Paoifle Biates " » comprohenslve description of the antiquities discovered within the torritory em- braced in the limils of his subject. In the pros- ccution of this work, he has consulted upward of 500 different authors, aad gloased from oach every item of information that could enhanco the completencss and accuracy of his treatise. As tho rosult of this wide rosesrch, ho has com- piled & volume that may be justly atyled an encyelopadia of the monumontal archmol- ogy of tho Wostern Btatos, Altbough not included logitimately in the scope of his work, & history of the remains of the Mound-Builders, sud of the antiquitios of Peru, nos beon edmit~ ted,—tho authior wisely deciding that thoso fn- teresting relics wero insoparably connected with tho archmology of the Pacific Btates, and that a study of them waa necossary to a thorough ex- position of the main subject. The volumo is crowded with 1llustrations, while ample foot- notea furnish & clew to authorities, and asslat in tho elucidation of the text. 7 Ia tho {ifth and closing yolumo of tha work ia summed “Y all that is known regarding the pnmuho history of tho sborigines of Americs. Ihe knowledgo afforded by myths, snd tradi. tions, and written records, i sct forth in careful array, and with judicial fairness. In no department of tho work bas the au- thor batter displayod tho oandor, Hborality, ~and acutencas, that distin- guish his judgment than in this. The theories of othar writers are prosonted with great fmpar- tiality ; while the conclusions to which his awn mind leans are sdvanced with commondablo mod- onty., At all points ho excludes the influonce of projudico, and, without bias or distortion, sub- ity tho ovidonce educod from facta Lo tho ver- dict of hin readera. 1t i gratifying to learn, from the author'ain- genuoua scknowledgmont in tho preface, that the reception which his work has received from tha public bas moge than met his highest expocta~ tions. Iis undertakiug was most ambitious, it fuvolyed the arduous labor of yoars, sud {t was in o fleld hithorto unworked by him; thersfore hin great success may rightly bo rogarded as a fround for juzt pride on bis own patt, and for lioarty congratulations on the part of his friends, MINIATURE VOLUMES, Ixock AnDrX, By Arviep Traxtsox, Illasirated. 42mo,, pp. 06, Boston: James R. Osgood & Co. Trice, 50 cents, A ax's Preavune, By Wit D, Howsris, Il- lustrated. 32mo., pp. 91, loston: James I, Os. good & Co, Pricy, B0 cents, It is surprising what wondora ean bo per- formod by the exercissof an enlightenod economy. Here is the poem of ** Enoch Arden,” printed in cloar, large type, with amplo spaces bstween llocs and parsgraphs, mod with comfortable marging, showing no appearanco of contraction or compression,and yet incanod within & thin litile 8lip of & volume that 18 so amall, and scant, and Jight, that it may really bo said to havo no ap~ Ppreciable subatance, norto occupy measurable spaco, Buch condensed packots of literaturo are. for many parposes, x: im mcoso qonvonience, One could besr about tho porson withouteliscomfort a whole library done upin theso ministura volumea, The advantages of thoir diminative proportions will commend them on numberlods occasions, The essny by Howells, entitled A Day's Ploasure," is lesa familiar than ** Enoch Arden,” but ia worthy of association with the Euglish idgl. It is & boautiful prose-p , ombel- lished with many delicate, subtle graces of spirit and style. DPlayful, picturosque, and pathetio, ita ohangetul play of fesling invests it with an endless fascination. It isliko the opa), whose flickoring, mobile gleams, trannient yet incossant, form a seductive snd perpetual charm, A SCRIPTURAL GLOSSARY, DinLe WorD-Dook: A OLOBSARY OF SCRIPTURE- Tenag Wiicn Have OtaNoxD ‘Tieis slEaninag, on Anx No Lowazn IN Gweiat Usk., Iy WiLLiaj BWINTON, Author of *Harper's Language Berica, ete, Edited by Prof, T. J. Conant, D.D, % 16mi llp. 104, New York: Uarper & Urothers, Chlcago: susen, McClurg & Co, Vrice, $1. ‘Teachors and pupils in Bible-classos and Sun- day-schools, as algo Biblo-rosders, will be grato- ful {o Prof. Bwinton for this most useful help in thelr atudy of the Boriptures. The manual contains a complole vocabulary of tho torms used in the Bible in a peculiar senso, and of thoso that bave bocome obaolote, The st is nrranged alphabetically, snd embreces tho definition of each word, with references to tho Bible-toxts {n which It occurs, and, {n fro- quent cases, with furthier lllustrations of ita meaning by citation from autbors who wrote at or about tho time when our version of the Berip~ turos was first published. Tho DBible employs, at & rough reckoning, sbout 9,000 differsnt words, Of theae, I'rof. Bwinton tinds 300 that neod especial interpretation for tho benefit of tho modorn atudent, In rendering their mean- Ing plain, the authnr has adoptsd a simple yet ":]':o?sh method, that bappily accomplishoa its abject. SHAKSPEARE_AND THE BIBLE, SHAKAPEARE AND TuE Dinie, To Waick Is Abbrp Pravxus OK THE BTAGZ, VROPER AND IMPROFEY, Hirausreane's Usz or TuE Saonzp NAME or Drivy, T STA0K VIIWED ¥o0X A BORIFTULAL AND MoBAL Toinz, 'TuE OLD MyaTERIES 4N MOBALITIES T HE Lurounsoms or THx ENoLisi Bracr, Dy Janes Itzxs, Authior of % Tho Lifs of Edwin Foerest," etc., ete. 10mo., pp, 188, Ihiladeipaias Claxtou, Reme s & lisedfaldnger, Chicago: Jauscn, MoGlurg & Cu. Frice, $i, ‘The contents of thia little book are qulte fully doscribed in tho title-psgo. They comprise chapterd citiog thie parallol passages botweon Bhaksposre and tho Biblo, the Biblical toxts adopted by tho great dramatist, the pasaages ap« propriated by him from the classics, nod the co- incldences or exprossions to bo found in Shak- apearo and Bacon, Bupplomenting theso are othor ciapters discusaiuk tho topica mentiouod alter the genoral beadiug of the volumo, Con. slderablo lubor in rossarch has been expendod upou tho book, and, as a result, various interest~ ing facts counncted with Bhakspeare and the drama bave been collocted together and pra- sented within narrow limite. BOOKS RECEIVED, Prroy Dyssifs BSELLEY 43 A PUILOSOFHYR AND Rx- TomMER, By Ouawiys BoryemaX, Paper, Now “York: Charles P, Homerby. Price, $1. Dzin Laox Diapasa:. A NOVEL, By Joszix MoOax- ote, BY0, P of “A New Yorl Bheldon & Co. Lakpaing Lysnany, No. 36, Ilavvrs, Dy Jasza I’A"VN. Chicago: Donaellay, Loyd & Co, Price, 10 conis, PERIODICALS RECEIVED, IHarper's 3agazine for March (ifarpor & Drothern New York), Contenta: *Tha Principalities of the Danuba " (illustrated), by Grorge M, Towle ; Hannsh " (illusirated), by J. T, Trowbridge Crime of Ahigail Tempest™ (illustrated), by Busan Archer eiss; * Lucrezia Borgin™ (withi portrait) ) Creane: “ Bimpsun of Bussors," by James I'ayn; “The Microscope” (illnatrated), by Prof, Kamuel Iockwood ; '* Tha First Cantury of the Tepnibilo (XVIL, American Literatura—Conclude by bdwin P Watgple: G Almot Too Latet by *lovo a King by Nelly M. Tlutchinson; ‘*The Maby ' (illustrated Ports ‘Wanted—A foul," Mrs, Frank *Garth, A Novel," by Julian Haw. 04 Froacers of the Glurch of . D, il ," by Charl Deshler; * Confederatn Makeshifts,"" by A ', Handy: ¢ Number 13, by Elizaboth Hiuart Phelpe: *The Southern In- dustrial Proapect,’ by Gen, T, M. Logan: * Danfel Deronda, Baok 11, Mecting Hitream,” by Gearge Ellot ; * Editarial Departmenta,’ Catholi#, World for March (Catlolic Putliabing Houss, New York), Contenta: A Boquel of the Gladstons Controversy" * The Seven Iridays in Lent' (hofllry?; * Are You My Wife?” ‘“Tla Frlonds of Education" *Buggested by a Catcade st Like go * (post Sir Thoman Mare;" © Pruy d the Chu: 3 YA Btory with 'Two Verslou: ** Anti-Catholle Movements_(n tho United Btatoa ;" ¢ Loulsa Lateau Liefors tho Belglan Htoyal Acadamny of Medicine “gt, Jean de Luz “Ths Eternal Yeara;" * A Bearch for Old Lace in Venicej # Naw Publications.' Phrenologteat Journal for March (B, R. Wells & Co., New York), Ior;el:‘l‘l ANatinat Magazine for March (3. P, Jones, To- o, 0. A mer(cnu’flunhl!ltr for Feb, 15 (American Newa Com- pany, Now York), Natwonat_Leachers’ Monthly for March (A. 8, Barnes Chicago). & Co., New Yor} American Law Reguatsr for February (D, I, Canfisld & Co., Philadelph (Nepublie Publishing Company, P! Repnudlia for March Waabington, D. Cs JOAQUIN MILLER'S NOVEL, To the Editor of the Chicagn Tribuns: Cuicago, Feb. 23.—Joaquin Miller will give tho public his first complete prose romance next Haturday through our Chlcago publishing-houso of Jansen, McClurg & Co. Itislikelytobes much gresier popular success than oven his brilliant volumes of pocms, on which, 60 far, Lis roputation bas restod. A thousand men gathered, from tholove of advonturo and of gold, {n the pinoy depths of an early Californla mioing canon, with a few fallon women, and only one pure and honest one among thein, gives a fino thomo for the novelist, who writes in full sympathy with thom. Ihis is hin theatre, and thess are the persons of his drama. 'The gambling-room and bar-room of tus * Howling Wilderneas is tho sceno most constantly pressnt on the stage ; for here tako place tho eloctions, tho councils, the duels, and finally the marriage of the ona pure woman, Tho atyle is very graphic, and every picturo is evidently from life, No man who had not him- solf seen them could 5o sk!lifully have portrayad theso thrilbng and dramatic sconos, One becomos irresistibly ealisted 1o this wild life, and thees wild men, and follows thoir for- tunos with unfiaggiug anterost; and it will boa matter of surprize if the book doca not fasten itself strongiy on tho popular fancy. MAGAZINES, Corresporuience of The Chicaco T'ribune. New Yonx, Fob. 24,8, Nicholas for March has some now featurcs, whichs will attract thoso who are intorested in literaturo for children, The series, ‘*'l'alks with Girls,” by leadlng Am- orican authora (to bo followed by * Talks with Boya "), is begun with a papor by Louisa Alcott (copyrighted), entitled ** Helping Along." The “Windsor Cassle” serios, by Brs. Oliphaat, starts with Edward III, sad promises to take (ko children down {hrough the whole roslm of English history, ending with Victoris, There is n new dopartment, **The Little Houseckeeper's Pago,” by Marion Harland; sad » *Young Coutributor's Department * has just been intro- duced. On pago 341 of the March numbor is an interesting nccount of how miore than 2,000 snsnors wero recoived to the Biograpbical Prize Puzzle, ** The Hace ot tho Pilots,” sout in from all parta of the United States and Canada, sud also from England and 8cotland,—for St. Aicholas Lae it readers thoro a8 woll as here, Correspondence ¢f The Chicaoe Tribune. BostoN, Feb. 23.—Ths Allantic for April witl contaln oneof the moat {mportant of Mr, Ad- smw’ railrosd papera; the couclurion of the story, “A Caroival of Romo;" papor on the * Early Amorican Novaliats,” by Mr. Lathrop; a fina] articlo on * Draivage,” by Col. Waring; & study of the old battlefield of Luetzen, by J. K. * Ensay on Rural Architectnre,” by Rg; & skotch of *'Tho Egyptian d His Courl,” by Charles Halo; *0ld Womau's Gosaip;" * Private Theatricalss” and oems bv Lnysrd Taylor, Elizaboth Btuart Phiolps, Willlam Iowitf, Edgar Fawcett, aud G. I, Lathrop, THE FIRST COMPLETE SHAKSPEARE. Warner (Y. H.) Corresordence New York Krening Post. There has lately fallsn into my hands a set, in sovon volumos, of Iowa's firat edition of Bhbaks- peare, *Tho worka of Mr. Willlam Shakspenrs, in six volumes, adornad with cuts, Revised and cor- rectod, with an account of the Life nnd Writings of the Author. Dy N. Rows, Esq. London : Printed by Jsoob Touson, withio Oray's-Inn Gate, near Gray's-Ton Lane. M.D.0.0.LX. The first collection of Bhakspoare's piaye ap- ‘poared soven years after Lis death, printed from copies in the hands of two of his fellow-comedi. ans, who propared the preface and dedication ; and the work was undertaken by a copartnorship of publiskiers, no one, it is aysortod, boing will- ing to locur the risk, Nino yoars later a second edition came out, snd tho two nre known as #Tho Folio of 1623 ” and * The Folio of 1632," respoctively. In 1644 anothor follo was printed, contalning sevon ndditional dramas; and in 1685 a repriut of thia—thna making four fallios, designated by their respoctivo yoara; an unwieldy shape in which to have the plays, snya some commonta- tor, but the only ono, and the ouly volumes by which thoy wore accessible unkil the appoarance of this of Rowoe in 1709, Nicholas Rowe, betng himself somothing of a dramatiat, his studios, to quote Dr. Jolinson, “*uecossarlly mado bim scquainted with Bhak- apeare, and noqualotauce prodaced venerativo,” Accordivgly, out of love for hua subject and de- sire to briog the immortal plays more within the reach of the public, he undertook the prepara- tion of a new cdition: * From which,” says the Doctor, * he neitler rocolved much pratso, nor socme 10 havo expocted it ; yot Lo adds that any ono who compares his work with those which proceded it will find that ho did more than ke promlsod, and that, ** without the pomp of notea or boasta of criticism, many passsges aro hape pily restored.” It ls enid that he rotained old errors, corracting only some of the '* groseer ;" but Rowe is entitled to the credit—and 1t is no- corded to him—of having given & now impulse to the study of Blhakupeare, making tho plays easy of access in these handy octavo volumes, and in many s drawiog atteution to his chosen subjoct, 8o that the stead:ly incroasing interest which lod, aftor a fow years, to olabor- ate invoetigation and commentaries o the text and to rival editions, is due to kim. This and his own second edition in 1714 wers tho meaus at stnmn{; up both editors aud publishers. Rlowo divided into acts and scencs thoso plays which bad not boen previously divided ; bo wroio tho lifo of Shakepears, which had never boefors Loen dono, and had_the vl-g- illuatrated for the first time. ‘Tho ** Life,” which occupies about forty pages, cloaes by saying : “There {3 n book of poewms, published In 1640, under tho nsme of Ar, Willian Bhakspeare. but w4 I bavo but vory lately seen_it, without an op- portunity of making any judgment upon it, I wowt protend to determiuo whother it bo iy or no, Tho sald poams followed in 1710, in uniform stylo with the otbers, making the seventh vol- e, conisiniug also some essays on the pooms, ovidontly by another bLand thsn Rowe's, tho dedication, which was to tho **Earl of Deter- borow and Monmouth,” being signod 8, N, It was, according to tho tifle page: riuted for E, Curll, at tho Dial and Biblo, agaiuas 5t, Duucan’s Church, ana E. Baoger at thio Post-house, at the Middle Topplo Gato,"” Tlowa's dedication of the plays is to tho Duke of Somorset, in soveu elaborate pages, abound- ing m capital lotters, in tho uso of Which thore woems to bave bocu no vriuciple whatover— mauy of them evidently haviug boon for diuplay of a'yariety of type, The \W was oapactally fanu- ciful, 'The volumea are in simple, wassive, elo- gaut biodivg ; tho typo firm aud strong, that of tho title pagos black sud pondorous; and some of the xtha- are very quatut; as for in- stauce, .* The Famous History of the lifo of Kiug Hopry IIL," sad *The Lifo and Death of Hene 1y, Bimamed Hot-spur;” that of Richard 111 sed with ¢ the Baitel of Bosworth Fiold.” All tho nouns begin with capitals; and tho spelling s of = characler that would strilis dismsy 0 the boarts of thoss wond menders who are disturbed at what thioy conuder our present auperfiuity of Jettora. & In tho collecticn {a incinded * The T.ondon Prodigal.” “Thomas, Tord Cromwell,” “8ir Jnhn Oln'l‘!ll!h." !*The Puritan,” ** A Yorkahira Tragedy,” and * Loorine," Thero ars tha ususl ornamental initisl letters, and littla head and tail preces, of epocial merit, 1n tha fashion of baskets of flawera, urns, and tho Lke, Each volume has ia _tha centrs of t| ploco the Chandos porteait, and oach play frouting ity ttlo.page, a full-psgo engriaving illnstrating some notable scens, Nothing sp- {mm to givo any clow to tha namoa of ths art- ts—rwhich is the more to bo rogrettod au tho pletures are remarkable for their appropriste- nesn and their thoroughuess of execation, They are cloarly the work of persons who wore in aym« pathy with the spirit of the piay, and gava to it loving study; who appreciated the charactars and sitnations, and woro faithful in delincating all tho accensorien oven to tho amallest deteil. ‘Tliere {s tho utmost caro and finish o the cut- ting, whether it bo an_interlor, like the prison- cell, the Court whorn Stvlock is triod, the fing dial and Jatticed work of tho great cross-barred window 1n the plate whero bluff Henry VIIL ap- pears, or in the culer air, as In the rocks of tho cavo in *' Macbeth," whore the flasures with tho bits of shrubs and lichens aro very realiatic, ‘I'he conception of this flfuatration of ‘¢ Mac- both ™ ja an unususily axcellent ons, It iswhon tho caldron is slowly sinking; the three witchen—strong, Larshi-featurod ~women--ex- tend their hands toward it, whilo Macbeth, standing opRmila, gazos ot the atately proces- eion of the Kings going by. ‘That of Richard, sleoping in bis teut, prosents a horassed man not any way kingly, in a troubled slumber, The weversl parts ol his armor sro spread on the floor, we {f thrown down in baste, sad ho looks a8 bo sita at tho tatlo, hia head dropped on his Liand, as if ho bad boou overcoms with drowai- ness. 'Tho caudlo boforo him lighta sl the tent and eliowa tho ghosts who have gathered there—nnt vapor forms, but horror-stricken mon, and women, and thoir hittle chiliren, just an thoy bave como forth from thsir cold, narrow Dbeds, - with faces ihnt aro appalling in tha mingled exprossion of torror snd repraach thoy tarn upon their murderor, The shipwreck sceno in the * Tempest might have hoen concaived by Willism Blake, it represeuts Auch & turmoil of tho eloments, The wavesareIn a ruflle of foam curling over tho sides of tho elaborate vossol, where the marinera ars soon stapwering abont and clinging to tho manta ; thebiack sky is full of horned creatures, serpents, aud scorpioue, apitting tire, sud the lightning darta in eigzag lines, whilo ** I'rospero™ on the shoro waves his wand, in many of tho pictures, the costume sud tho futeriors of the relgn of Queen Aune are faithfully depletad, Kato, in tho * Taming of the Surew,” is n fall- ing sleeves, rufled st tho elbow, bodice and rolled back hair; sud tho apariment is au English dining-room of that time, furnlshed with bigh-backed chairs with curved logs, and o buffot ast out with silver. Injthe * Merry Wivos of Windeor"—where the landscape is an actual ono—the faces of tho men are altogather English—solid, sturdy, ale-driuking, beot-eating citizona, ‘Tha throe which farnishi the moat interestin, study are * Mlidsummer's Night Dream,” ** Lear, aod ** Winter's Tala.” The tro firet named are admirable in their ropresentations of landecape, —a summer night in the wood in the ono_case, ood a storm fn the heath in another, Intho firet the forest trece almost meot over a little atream in the background : the full moon, break- iug through clouds, lights an opon glado in front; aud thers the two partica meot,—tho princely hand of eoach leader holding out tho 8scoptre, and thoir sevoral trains stand galiant and atately, crowned and plumed, on the edgo of the fairy ring, It is & churming aceme, picture eigque sod full of grace, Loar is one of tho most powerful, 1o is on tho open heath, in the mudast of the storm. The heavens are black, and the Lightnuigs tinsh, It looka pitiless overhoad; in the distance sl "is gloom—rocks and toickels; the rain s ‘driven in sheets aod the troes slant before the wind; it {s avi- dontly a study from natare. Thore is equal power in tho fsces of the men. The poor 1Kng, smitiog his forehead and clutching bis Lair, doos pot seem conscious of tha tempeat: Kent, Eolnling to the wood, is sayiog ' Good my ord, enter hera,” Whilo tho othor, with_con- cern in his face, ia attempling to pacify Lear, who haa just eried, ** Lot moe alone!” Tho atti- tudo and countonancos of the two gentlemen are revorential and deprecatory, full of anxisty and porplexity, while tho fool stands withdrawn a little, Jeaniog on bhis long staf, scrutinizing tho faco of the distraught King with the vigi- 1ango of & licaper, not unmixed with shrowd- noss. which soma to show thiat all their efforis will bo in vain. 1u * Winter's Talo " it is the closing seene, A lofty, piltarod room, with frescood panels, and statues in the nichen; ona pedestalina canopled rocess, from which the curtains have just beon drawn back, stands Hermione, Her faithfui Pauline Lolds aside the Leavy folds to discloss tho stately tigure; so might Mira, Siddons or Charlotto Cushman have personated ths royal Indy. The King, overawed, ia half halting, half ready to advauce, tho women press forward ; all A state of subdued eagornoss ; and Per. dita, alone on tho other side, simply stauds rapt and absorbed, slowly becoming awara of what it all moana. It i an august scene, Buch are the jilustrations of this firet com- pleta and pictured odition of 1709, A. B, I, THE FIRST THREE ENGLISH BOOKS ON AMERICA, Lenden Correepondenee New York dridune. A volumo of much interest to Americans is promised for the coming midsummer. It will be o reprint of the firat threc English books on America. We had bosn, it appears, nigh twonty yosta discoversd beforo anybody thought it worth while to montion us in » book printed in English, Nor evon then was the book printed in Eogland, The carlieat work in the Loglish Ianguago in whick tho word Amorica (ur what js meant for it—Armonica) occors, was priuted at Antworp, by Jabn of Docsborosve, about 1511, a book “of tho uew Laudes, and of tho People founde Dby the Messongers of the Kynge of Portyngale named Lmauuel,” The sccond in, forty-two years later, o translated oxtract from the ‘*Cosmographin (1540) of Hobastian Maenater, Professor of Hobrow at the Univerai- ty of Daale, entitlod ** A Treatiso of the Newa Indfa, with othor newn foundo Laudea and 1ptanded a8 well Eastwarde as Westwnrde, aa thioy are knowon and foundo o these our dayes," &e, Printed at Loudon by Idward Sutton, 15653, Third, the firet Eoglish collection of voyages, traflics, and discoverics, comprising, among other thing 1, **'The Decades of the Newo Worlde of \&c Iudis, conteyning the Navigations and Conquestes of the Spanyards, with the particular deaciiption of thie moat rychs and Iargo Landes and lelands lately foundo in the West Ocosn ertaining to tho inheritenco of the Kiuges of payne.” 'Lhicas are the Latin lottors, variously dated from 1493 to 1621, of I'ietro Martire, of Anghiera, Privy Councilor to Charles V. 2. Largo quotations from various cotsuporary and antecedont Spanish, Italisn, aud Germen authors, respecting the East aud Wost Indies, Moscovy, Brazil, &c. 3, Early printed narratives of tho first _circumnavigation of the rlobe under Fornando Magalhaeoa aud Juan Se- satian del Oano, 4. Geographical notea ub- tained by the Compiler, viva voce, from Belas- tinn Cabat, then Grand Pilot of England, or from his ** carda” now lost, a8 well as other in- formation given by him and proserved in Ilamusto'’s Visgpl, &e., 1550, G, The First Two Yoyages out of England into Guines, 1553-4. All' geatultously travsiated, compifed and an- natated by Richard L'dou, Printed at London, by Willlam Pawell, for Edwavd Button and oth- efs, 1555, Of thesa various works thus o be coliected {nto a single large volume, Mr, Edward Arber is the editor, whoso usmo {8 & suflicient guarantao of careful and thorough work, LITFRARY NOTES. An English barrister hay written & hlstory ot Engload in verse. *King Poppy " is the nsme of Lord Lytton's now forthcoming noem, Temple Bar fo #obruary containa * The Bto- 1y of the Danclug Gad,” by Bret Harte, A new volume by Prof, Tyndall, ** Fragments ot Science," is announced by Loogmans & Co. 3, Rochefort, lato of tho Lanlerne, bas in pross an illustrated book on tho Lotrory of New Caledonis. Tho Rev, H, Al. Dexter has in prees, in Dos- tou, & wark on ** Roger Willlema and Ilis Hela- tlona to the Puritaus.” Italy bas & poot-laureate, Glovanni Pratl, who 1 s prolific that he has just published a vol- ume, called ** Peickio,” contaiving 538 sonnets. A new book by Ar. Gladstona is snnounced by Macnullan & Co., *lomerio Byuchrovwwm,"— bolog an inquiry as to tho timo sud placo of Homor. A Not only Qaorge Eliot's * Danlel Deronda," bug 3r. TiollcpeGi « Primo Miaistor,” is_to be published lu eight monthly diviwious, at 5 shil lings oach. @, W, Carleton & Co. ANOOUDCO & DAY Yen- tare, which ia edited by Frank Moore, on & mod ification of tho plan of his *Rebellion Nocord, 1t will bo called tho *‘Record of the Year," and will bo lasued mouthly, It is deflned s rol- evant during the month worth proserving."” with n solaction of choice current mlaceliany, all care-~ fully indoxed. A steel portralt of William B, Astor will accompany tha first number, which will suon be published. Tho publication of the long-hidden “*Payche Ammlz te,” by Mra. Browning and R. I, Horne, in the 81, James Magazine, scoms to have at- hinnlsd comparativoly littls sttention in Ea- glsnd, *The young Duke de Modina Pomar " Is the latest acceasion to the literary gnild from the rankn of the nobility. s las published ** Tho ," and & novel called **'Through tho Agen” is fortheoming. Hand and Hearl, a new sorial startod in Lou- don at & peany, has sold to the extont of 800,000 of tho first numbor, It appeals to the goody- goody class of readers, its main object baing to A;a?m_um the influouce jof tho ‘‘penny-drond- uln,’ r. G. A. Simeox, & woll-known critieal writer of ths Acadeny, ia writing a hook on the ** Pres- ent Htate nf tho Religloua Quoation,” lnnludin? the resulte of the criticism of the Gospel, prayer, I'rovidencs, miracles, {nsptration, and tho clalms of difforent Christian communitien to authority as the Church, Of the first volums of tha Comte ds Paris’ *History of the Civil War in Amorics,” the third thousand fu nmnfi. Tho socond volume will bo publishod in March or April by J. f1. Coates & Co. This comprises the third and fourth volumes of tho Krencl edition, and cov- ora McClellan's campaigns, Farragut's paval operations, Grant's Western movements, ote. Col. Richard Irving Dodge, U, 8. A., who has had twonty yoara' experionce of the Plains, will #oon publish a volume on the *Plains and Their Inuabitants,” It will treat (1) of the Plalos, (2) of the Indians, glving, of courso, the militars view of Indian poiicy ; (3) of tho game. It wiil be illustrated from a collection of Indisn objocta mnde by William Blackmore, brother of tho Eoglish” noveltst, and photographed for this bouk, The work will bo issued by G, P'. Pat- nam’s Bona and by & London house, There is a curiosity of literaturo in England, called ** The Wordiess Book,"—so0 called becsuso, after tho title-puge, it contains not singlo word. Itiaa religions nllegory, deviaod, it s sald, by an ovangelical onthusiast, and tho thought is fo tho symbolical color of ita leaves, of which two are black, two rome-red, two puro white, tmo gold. The black mymbolizes the unregenerato heart of man ; tuo red tho bleesed redemption ; ths whito the purity of the soul * washed tn tha blaod of tie Lamb ;" tho gold the radiant joss of eternal felicity, A Boston correspondent says that tha library of Ilarvard Colloge has recontly Lad added to it rome fine apecimens of jlluminated manuscripts. Notable amoug these is a yolume containing siz- teen sermona of Uregary Nazianzen, probably of tho thirteenth century: & vulgate copy of tho Bible, fu very fine ecript and richly sllnminated, and alno tho Gospels in Latio, from tho hibrary of the Liev. Dr, liantray, Provost of Eton, pur- porting to be of tho eighth century. **1f so,” saya a nlip in tho handwriting of tho Librarian of the Collego, the latter is ** probably the oldost manascript ou the American continent."” The tiny Bible recently isaued in England han cailed forth (eays the Now York Tribune) au in. toresting discuseion aa to wuat are thoe largest and smalleat books publishoed. Thero is & stary in Pliny of a copy of the Iliad on & piece of parchment 8o small as to be inclosed in a nni- abell; but this s questiouable, nor msy such a writing bo Accounted & book. Mr. Frowde's Biblo 1 the smailost printed book Lnown, conat- ing the proportion of matter to space, but tho smallost actually s said to Lo s publication of the Religious Tract Bociety, London, ** Bmall rain upou the tender herb,”” which is but 117 inches high. The Iargest printed work the world ban yet seon is tho Specifications of Englisli Patents, published {o parts at the rate of abont ten a day, of which about 90,000 have been insued. Hats of thess have boun given to several American libraries, but the bindiog requircs » small fortune, ——— FAMILIAR TALK. THE FAR FAST, . Tho Far Eaet, in which lio tha countilew Tong- est koown to history, is still, to dwollors, like ourselves, on s cootinent without antiquity, a romance-land, which attracts onr thought by its scenory, its climatoe, its vogotation, and its in- Linbitants, It is imp:ossible to foretoll what tho encroachments of Earopoan progress may offoct in the Orient during the romaiuder of the prea- ent contary, but 1t 18 still what it was aa por- trayed in tho revored records of the Hobraws, or tha wonder-book of the Arabian Nights. The people of its citics, those of its villages, and its wandering tribes, bave distinctive modes of life, though the threo classes aro connceted by kinship, by trade, and by msny intorosts in common. Of the nomads, the beat known and ths most important ave tho Bedouin, or desert-livers, of tho Arab raco. Their migrations are now sim- loss or irregular ; but, boing s pastoral poople, dependont on their hords, thay traverse, every sprivg and autumn, tho samo tracts of conntry, —going, at tho former soason, to tho tabte- 1auds, whero they find cool air, aprings of water, and grass fortheir flocka ; and deacending from the plateanx when the autumn-rains approach. Their tonis serve for shelter in summer ; and in tho winter, dariug thoir stay in the mild valloys, if tont or booth doea not suffor, aud there ia no ancient ruin to dwoll in, thoy sometimes erect a frall habitation of sun-driod Lrick. They have loas civilization than the pormeuent dwellors fu cities, but are by no meana barbarous. ‘I'ne Shah of Perula is dosconded from a tribe of Tartar nomads, and is proud of owing hLis fineat cavalry to that tribe. ‘The dark hair-cloth of the Dedawy's tent ix of ‘Tome-manufacture, his goals furnishing tho ma- terinl ; but, for mililary uses sod for,travelers, canvas tents xro manufactured in all the cities of Westorn Asia, These are circolar In ehzps, paiutod greon,—the color sacrod to tho Mus- limes,—and napported by s siugle pole. Tho Arab tent, oblong {n shape, supported by at loast nine poles, divided in the middie by mats or enr- taina of bair-cloth, has tho apartmont for mon ou tho right aa yon onter, and that for womeu on tholeft, ‘Thomon'a apartmont is the ono in which the carpots and cushions ars arranged, aud tho visitors ara received. In the lower por- tion of the tent, where the covering descends to the grouad, tho favorits mares and their colts aro kopt. ‘These tentd are furnished simply, but sufliciently, with tho products of their own la. bor, as woll as with comforts obiained by bactor, and often by robbery. Whon moviug, a tribo of this peoplo ia u vast company, guided and governed more or losa anthoritatively by their Emir, or Sholkb, ‘Thoy watchfully guard themaslves from the pos- siblo attacks of other tribes, who may wish ta socurs the pasture-lands to which they are bound; or, in the mutumn, sharo the booty which has beon captured from loss powerful travolors, The Arabs are divided;into distinct tribos, and tho Emir of oach Isa patriarchal ruler, Accord- ing toDr, Vsn Lennop,~from whoso records most of these facis arn derived,—thuir religion shiould bo called Jslam, It doos not approva of auy aristocratio distinctions, but oach triba has families holding themsslvos suporior to the mass, and kooving thelr influence and proporty within thelr own control, and the most intluon- tial of theso is chosen Lmir, 'Tha cuatoms which 4o stringently imposo hos- pitality upon tho Bodouln aro a fortunatu chock upou their reckless, marauding lives; though sametimes tho passionato Arsb natura irill break avory law of hospitality and violato the most solemn oathis. ‘Thoir dead aro often buriod whorevor doath may occur, bug frequently the vicinity of & well, or thoe shade of s tree, ia chosen i sud graduall # nuinber of graves aro cluaterod togothor, eacl marked by an upheirn atone, or ovol sometimed a carofully-arrangod pllo of them. Morae socure, mora rotined, moio likely to amasa great wealth, but not more contentod with thoir Jot than thexo fros wandercrs of tho desert, ato tho dwellers in towns. < Torbaps tho eitos of most Enstorn cities bave beon cbosen for their vicinity to good eprings of water ; for thoso are mm‘)wnnllve y rare, aud of tho groatess importance jn tboat somi-tropleal climato. Ilivors aro also scarco, and tho lund i cruelly parched with drought during the dry ses- won, My tho precious epriug of water, tross aro planted, sheltor is often orected, and the spot Lm.'flm“ a centre for the lifo of a village. Wator is often conveyed from & pool or #pring o the Lills, to supply & town, by meant of pipos made of baked mi' supported Ly acqueducts of wood und stone. Though tho fact in bydraulics, 8o fa- millsr to us, that water seoks its own lovel, duea not scetn to bo known to the peoplo of tho Enst, thoy beliove that it will acquire an impetus which will carry ‘to s certain heights, and they build distributing towers {g their towns. Thoy aro counolaseurs of drinking-wa- ter, mand quito equal lo the toa-tastors of other lands in thelr critical judgment of dir. ferent aprngs. Placed on the banku of a river, or in the midst of springs, whbich eupply frriga- crenco scrsp-book of nearly every important.| tion, wn Oriental sity, surrounded by its gardens, orchards, and vineyarde, with its domes and tow- ors shining nnder tho bluo aky, is & welooma aight to the tirad travaler over the arid count: 1 thouglh ho may know thas the splendor o(7u F-mmtu will not bo falfliled by itsinterior. As n anclant times, oitlea are still walled, and en~ terod by arched gateways, swhich arc closed at night by ponderoua doors fastened with massiva lacka, “In the towers by the gateways are rooms for Lo guards, and a porch, whinh Is the fayor- ita rosort of privilegod inhabitants, Tho gata is the custom-houss, and often the placa of trial for civil and criminal cases, Cates sro also eomotiman used to closo streots jasids tho city, and are kept by watchmen. ‘Iho_stroets are narrow, thus giving ehiads and draught by day; so narrow, - indeed, that, if two opposite lhiousos ohance to liave Lueir nceasional iatticed projecting windows alsa opposite, hands could bs shaken from them across tho etrool. Bluslime, howaver, would carefally avoid such contigulty, the homo-lifs of their women boing mecurely guarded. Tha vaved ntroets doacend towards the middle, anid aro thun washed by rains, Thero {8 also & sewet under tho pavement, ‘Tbere are. no nidewalks, snd no lamps in the irrogular streets. Tho poor go_tonsleep aa soon aa day dieappoars; and tha rich, oo, keop oatly hours, uulosa thoy have guosta to converss with., The apparatus fos glvinz light at night is very simple. A candie of multon-tallow in n candlestick; littie hand. lamps, containing olive-oil aud s wick; paper lauterns boldiug » bit of candle; and glass cups sauspended from ono corner of tho ceiliug, and containing wator and ol and a floating wick, for night use, aro tho common forms, though larga lanterna are sometimos hung whore nooded, and candle. aticks are often mada vory largo, of the pracions nd tastofully ormamonted. aro always welcoire, if thoy hnve any converaational powers, in & land where books aro few and newspapers unkoown. The fon o tha East, called tho khan, or caravanseral, far- nishea tha travolor with a room for bimselt aud & stabla for hin korse; and he can often alsa find food within its walls, and slways water at the tank of the groat court. The ono House of (fod of tha Mustims {8 tin famoua Caaba, of iecca, & very aucient heathon temple, clearad of {do's by Mohammed, and con. socrated by him to his religion, Dut all thoir cities have mosques, or houses of prayer; somoe of which, =8 in Caire an Conutantinople, are handsomely on namontod. 'The ‘mosques sro quiet places, ‘The devout Muslim must pray fivo timos eack day; and, if in the neighborhood of n mosque, likea to enter that when the muezzin_ calls thi Lour of prayer. In the mosqua a leader roadi tho appointed prayern and lossons; aod tho faiths ful, sitting in rowa on the floor, perform tho rn. quired genufloctione. Thu mosque consists of sl loast two square inclosurcs,~one bLeing tha mosque proper, and the ather an outor coutt, surroundod by s gallery, aud containing & basitx of water for the ablutiona which make a part of ihe roligious service, The roof is domod iu nbupo, aud coutrasts with tho one or more tow- ors or minarets which the muszzia ascends, whosa call to adoration is anid to bo much more sweet aud soloma than our far-sounding bells, Cairo, with a population of about 250,000, i4 said ta Liave 24,000 places of prayer, many of thom be. ing not mosques, but simple hittle chapels, Although tho womeun's apattments of privata houses trequently hayve n commodious bsta at- tached, they aro foud of rescruug to tho pubhin Lathe, whére are unlimited opportunities for gonsip. These baths for women aro situated amoug tho dwelling-hiouses, whilo the less na- merous ones for men Ara i more public places, T'here are achiools adjoining the mosques, as woll a8 the Chrietian churchies, for the ohiliren of their different faithy; both sexes attending until 10 years of sgo. "onchiors wud pupila all sit upon the tloor,—inatruction befog given by writlng upon & Loard, i u tediouk way; ail studying nloud at the top of their voices, ‘Thero &ro alsu higher nchools, very simple ity their ine Btruction, and supported by chnrity. Difforent scctions of the city nre lplpruprl- ated to peoplo of differcnt roligioua boliefs,— 6 more dosirabis aections beiog, of course, oc- cupicd by the Muslims. Different trades and manufactures have also particular portions of the city sallotted Lo them. Oriental shops ara alwaya emall,—not more than 10 feot in width, and much leas io dopth. 'Tho gooda of tha mer- cliant—ofton very costiy cloths, or swords, or shawls, or ornamonta—are placed upon sholves, or drapod or hang for display,—thisir owuer sit~ ting on n somoewhat clevated platforin in tho open front of his sbop. His customers sre cither maies or old women, no young woman being sllomed to go forth' Lo & pubilo shop. There aro bakere', and barbors’, and butchers’ shops, boeides thouo for tho sale of tho varioun goods nocessary for clothing and furnituroe, Lo barber is the surgeon of his usighborhood, the practice of medicine beiog in & most priw- tive state. \Whilo thero aro othor shopa in vari- ous parts of the town for tho pale of food, tho principal busiug ond selling is contined to the bazar, In a town of apy aize. This is a part of the city divided intn natrow stroots, each of which, being covered with stono, and made fire-pirool, with windows in its roof, is faced with littlo shops on both sides. Tho entrances to ail thoso arcades aro strongl fastonod nt nlght; sud, as they aro appropriato 10 tho salo of valuable goods, thoy sra guarded vy watchmen and doge. less durable suops, whera are sold commones goods,—their vendora oflen lving above fheiy shops. Near thia contrs of trade aro the manue facturers of tents, tho workers in copper, iron, Lrass, and tin, and thoso who make shoes and boots of the beautiful Turkey morooco of the country, Wo shall Joubticen Ace many of these articles, as we!l as the famous druge and dyss ot the Oriont, at our Centennial Lxposition, = Will they represent, we wouder, their cafe, tho delight onfln Oriental ? 1t ia mucl: liko our own ice-cream patiorn, but furnishes nothing hut pipos and cof= feo,—each one bringing his tobacco,—at very slght expeuso, Womea never ontor theso, Thern are divang, and stools, and carpots,and somotimen s quieter gallery, whore a eal msy Le eaton, brought from somo convoniont placo outside. Tiero the coffoo is alwaya Lot, in a coffeo-pot on ; thero aro plearant viows to occu- py the attention; friends mout there; and, if dinposed to quiet, the music of somo stringed in- strument, and & familiar song in & minor key, oin tholr acothing intlnencos to tho boloved cof~ feo and tobacco, and the Oricntal [ as bappy as bo can hiope ta bo this sido of Paradias, The following are noma of the iullnite numbar of famlliar Orients] proverbs : 1tis ey to mount a litlo donkey. A man's chicken lookn to his nelglibor & goors, Onco 10 forty yeara [actout t0stoal, aud then the moou shoune alf night, The nigutingsle was shut upina golden cago, but sho still cried, ** My home! 1wy howe,"™ ‘o Cantaiia 1 uuo ahip il surely s & ll;lm ‘o fox ends by getting into the furtler's shop, Knifo-wounds {\fm). lmgl uotso thoss produced by & word. The heart fa & crystal palace; once broken, it cam never bomended, With pationce, sour grapes Lecome awool-moats, snd mulberey-lesves turn o eatin, At xiglit of s glow-worm, the timid cry * Tire," ‘A fiy s nothing, but it spotis the appetite, Tho gost thinks of his lify at stako, but the butchey only of the greaso. "Pho appleaud tho pomegranto treea disputsd which s falrer, when the thistls exclaimed, + Liretlran, fo) us nok quarrel I —— SPARKS OF SCIENCE. SIBERIAN EXPLORATION. Trof. Nordenskjoid, the Arctic explorer, bas Jotted down for a friond & very interesting no count of bis lste voyngo down the Jenosel, the firat portion of which appoars in Aature, At Baostrowsho], on tho last day of August, the Profesdor left the vessol in which the summer's oxpedition on tho Arctic Sea had boon accom- plishied, and took passzgo on the steamor Alex- ander, bound for Jounoselk, 150 miles up the river, Tho spoed of the steamer woa very slow, and frequant stops wera mado at fiahing stations and for the purpouo of taking on fuel; 80 that a whole month was consumed in the jonrney. Dut this lolaurely rato of traveling was very fayorablo totho object of Prof. Nordenskjold and tho naturaliats accompanylog him, whioh ‘Wai {o observe carsfully the aspoct of the coun- try, and gain all posaiblo knowledge of its fauns and florn. An sbuudanco of botanical and climatologloal material was colloctod on the way, that will bo of pgreat use in showlog whst plants aro suitable for cultivation on tho desolsto plaina ‘of Siboris. 'I'iiy material has not yot boen workedup, but atready it has [nduced tho conclusion that the narthorn limit of many plants is removed farthor north in Hiberia thou fn Swedon. Tho first powt touchod by tho Alezander aftor luaviog Buostrowsho wns tho small church- vitiage, Dudiuo, situated st tho econtluence of tho Dudinks with the Jonesel, ‘Cho villago don- eiats of a fow houses, fubabited by an 'ine fluontis} morchant who conducts a profitabla barter with thenatives,—~exchangiog grain, cloth, tea, sugar, irou-ware, gunpowder, lead, Lrandy, ©%0., for furs, fish, mammoth teeth, eto.,—two , & maglatrate, & couple of oxlles, sad The houses her a3 {n the more northo sly **samovviea” or fish- iog staticns, and in those alt along the Jeoosol, are built of logs, in s style similsr to that of thg ¥all-to-do Rusalan pessants, They are seb Aronnd them closter.