Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 24, 1876, Page 4

a THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: MONDAY. JANUARY 24, 187, TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. BATES OF STRMCRIFTION (PAYABLE FX ADYARCE), Pantnue I'repaid at this Onlee. of 3 aar ITION, POSTPAID, WEERLY One copy, per yea: Shbal o o e Cinh of twenty, per L L1 The postage is 15 conte aysar, which we will prapay. Specimen cories sent fres, To pravent delay and mistakes, be sure and give Poat-Oftice address in full, including Btatesnd County. Remittances may Le made either by draft, exproes, Post-Offirs order, or in regisiered lotters, at our risk, TER3!S TO CITY AUBACRINERS, Dafly, delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 cents per week, Daily, daliversd, Bunday included, 30 centa per wesk, AIJHII THE TRIDUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearborn.sta,, Chicago, Il AMUSEMENTS. ACADEMY OF MUBIC—~Halated strest, betwesn Madison nud Monros, * Thes Two Orplsns.” WOOD’8 MUBEUM-—Monr Yorn anil Btale, Afternoon 4 ¥ Pochahontas,” Eveniog: * The Hidden Hany McVICKER'S TNE. edinon streat, batwesn Deatborn and State. Engsgement of Milss Minnfe Palmer. *Laughing Eyes." TOOLEY'S THEATRE—Randoiph straet, between Slarkand Lasslls, * The California Minstrals,' ADELPHI THEATRE—Dearborn Monroa, Variety yerform atraet, between Deare ‘The Quiet l‘lmll‘{: atrest, cormer SOCIETY MEETINGS. LAFAYETTE CITAPTER, No. 3, Ponyoeativn this ““"“‘{& eventug, tor bustness and work, By order o , P, E. N. TUCKER, Rac'y. The (flb‘lmga xibuae, Monday Mornng, Js‘nu-ry 24, 1870. At the New York Exchange, on Saturday, groenbacks ruled steady at 88}, Havann nowspapers agsert that the sugar crop of Cuba will ba 80 per cent less than that of last year, and that, owing to the pro. tracted drought, the tobacco crop in the low tountry will be nlmost a total faiture, Prncupacg is in o hurry to find out whether e or Evstis in United States Senator from Louisinna. The length of tho contest has mada a big hole in his exchequer, and he wants the matier aettled ane way or the other without further argument or delny. Two snnoouncements by tho cable are of peculinr iuterest'to the musical world,—tho first, that M. Rozeaup, husband of Caris- rive Nitssow, is dangerously ill; and the second, that ANTON Ilunexsteiy, the great pinnist end composer, is threatened with total blindness. Tho attendants upon the Sanday-Afterncon Leeturo Course yesterday were regaled with locture by ox-Licut.-Gov. Bross, of this city, whose interesting veminiscergies of *¢ Enrly Chicago " nire printed this morning. A sy- uopsis is nlso given of the third lecturo of the series on ** Geology,” delivered by Prof. GussiNag st the Third Unitarian Church, Prof. Swisa's stccessor oy pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church, the Rev, Dr. Jexxing, iste of Amberst, Mass,, took formal possession of his now pulpit yesterday morn- fug. ITis first sqgmon, npon the text, ** Alive anto God, throngh Jesus Christ Ow Lord,” is given elrewhiere ju our columns; as is also tho seriwon of the Rev. Dr, Coorzn, Reetor of Immannel Church (Reformed Episcopal), on *'Flie Church—What 1t Is, and Where,” Jons Brigur addressed his constitnents in Pamingham Seturday night, and received n vote of confidence, He devoted himself wainly to & reply to Lord Deioy's Edinburg upeech, taking ground in favor of the aboli- tion of tho lnws of primogeniture and land monopoly, and the extension of the franchiso 63 wmeans of strengthening and confirming thie power of the Liberal party. Ha illustrat. ed tho incquality of the presont apportion- ment of represcutation in Parlinmont by citing tho case of Dirmingham, which, with 64,000 electors, returns but thres members, while there were seventy members whoso nnited constituencies did not exceed G0,000. Washington dispatches say that the Senate Cqmumittes on Post-Offices and Post-Roads is still considering a reduction of the rate of postage on transiont printed matter. There is yomething very mysterious in tho vexatious delay of Congress to correct the mistake mnde at the last session in doubling up the rate on transient mail mntter. It was Joug ago conceded to bu & mistake, and, even be. fure the vacalion, the Postmuster.General sent in o bill to correet it. It is universally conceded to bo an injustice, and is damaging to the public and to public business, Why Congress should delay and dilly.dully in cor- recting thix mistake is not obvious. What is thu watter ? A deed of horror was perpetrated by a mob at Barbersvillo, W, Va., Saturday night. Epwarp Winriays and Mra, Mening, who hind been arrested on the charge of having murdered the latter's husband, were taken {from their cells into the court-yard, where Witrnians was haoged aftor a full confession of the murder liad been wrung from his un. willing lips, Thoe wowsn also mads n con- fession of her shinro in the crimo, admitting that sho incited hor paramour to the deed. She beggod pitcously for her Ifo, and, thongh the crowd of lynchers voted unani. mously for her oxecution, her sex saved her, not a wan among them haviug the hardibood to placo a rope around a woman's neck, and sho was returned to her coll, The Japaneso are paoying considerable attention to the subject of fewmale education, and the Empress has taken an active purt by opening n normal school for girle at Yeddo. The Superintondent of tho school, ot its open. iug, snid of ita objects: * Our earncst desire 1 that those who may in after time complete Weir education here may become virtuous women, and so assist their husbande; virtu. sus wothery, aud so instruct their children; snd that, Ly thelr giving birth to and rearing 8p o worthy populution, our country muy be. tome 8 prosperous and tranquil land,” This % 8 good start in the dircction of education, wnd has good ends in view. These Orientaly moy yet teach us lessons in the blessings of popular education, provided, always, thoy do not imitate us in the woman'a rights business, which is so apt to tack itself upon overy waovemont for the education of women. The Chicago produce markets were well at. tended on Saturday. Mess pork was sctive sud 5@70 per brl lower, closing at $19,10 cash and $19.45 eeller March, Lard was active and 10c per 100 Ibs lower, closing at $12.02§ cash and $12.20@12.22} for March, Meats wero in bettor dumand, st o decline, loaing pt 740 for boxed shoulders, 1040 for do short ribs, and 10}c for do short clears. Highwines were quiet and unchanged, at $1.06 per gallon. Fiour was dull and un- changed. Wheat was active and cnsier, closing st $1.01} eash and $1.00} for Fob. ruary. Corn was quiet and essior, closing ot 43}o cnah and 42§c for February. Onts wero in better demand and firmor, closing at 81c cash and 31jo for February. Rye was qniet, at 67c, Barley waa quiet and firmer, closing nt 81@31jc cnsh and 78}e for Febru- ary, Hogs wero qguict and 100 per 100 lbs Jower, at $7.00@7.25. Cattle wero dnll and stendy, nnd sheep firm. One hundred dollars in gold would buy $113.00 in greenbacka at tho close. A survey of the Democratic Prosidentinl situation, nscribed to Mr, Braine, makes out that Hexpnicrs will go into the Convention with tha grentest individusl strength by rea. Aon of his success thus far in avoiding a posi- tivo committal on the curroncy question. 'This, it is calculated, would make him valt. ablo as a compromise candidate, Taursax is placad second, Baranp third, and Tinozx last and nowhoro in the race, owing to his pro- nounced hard-money views nnd the dictatorinl tone assumed by his supporters. Bupposing TILDEN to succeed in obtaining a majority in tho Convention, his chauces for sccuring a two-thirds voto aro set down as simply nil. 1t is regarded ns highly probable that the intensity of the divisionsin the Convention will necessitote the seloction of some man comparatively ohscuro,—nnother Frangriy Piencr,—whose only strength will be in the fact that ho lins always boen a Democrat, and with whom the party will expect to repeat its fuck of 1852. Tho astrologiat who cast this agreeable horoscopo may be wrong in his con. clnsions; he is certainly not far from right in promising bitter and irreconcilablo divis- fons amang tho supporters of tho candidates now prowinently mentioned. THE RESFONSIBILITY OF JEFPERSON DAV1S. TIn estimating tho responsibility of Jerrer- 80N Davis for tho inhumnn cruelties prac- ticed upon Northern prisoners during the War of the Slaveholders' Rebellion, it is due to the Iate President of the Southern Con- federacy, whoso friends are now trying to ro- placo him in tho United States Senate, that overy moasuro of evidenco should be ex- hausted. The fact of thoso inhuman bar- baritics has been established beyond cavil. It bas furthermore been satisfactorily estab. lished that such atrocitios have mot beon known in tho Listory of any civilized people since the days of Nero, Rome's bloody butchier. In n recent articlo we Lrought for- ward irrefutable proofs that JErrenson Davis ‘was porsonally responsiblo for this‘inhuman. ity, and that it was part of a thoroughly-or- ganized plan to starve, maim, and reduco the Northern prisoners 80 53 to incapacitata themn from active service in the field, as well o4 to Lill them outright, To confirm and strengthen this testimony we once more turn to official history and complete tho chain of proof. s The notorious Confederate bruts, Gen, ‘Wispen, was appointed tho keoper of the Libby prison in Richmond by Jerrensoy Davis himself. In thoswe tobacco ware- bouses, the samo class of horrora existed as at Andersonville, the only differenco being that in the one case the prisoners wero suffo- catod undor roof and in tha other that thoy nterved, scorched, or froze, and died in the open air. In these warehouses, thon. #ands of prisoners were huddlod together lixo hogs in a freight-car, Whilo ono por- tion of thewm slept on the bare floor, the rest stood over anl almost on them. The food and water wero shockingly bad and insufi. cient, The atmosphere was fetid, loath- somng, and poisonous. In thess warchonses thousands of prisoners died, and every day their bodies wera taken out, liko doad ani. mals from a cattle.car, aud carted off to Lo Dburied. 'These horrors wore known to Jrrrensoy Davia and his Cabinet. The roomns occupied by them over- locked the Libby prison, and they could look diroctly into the windows of tho warchouscs, sand wero thus porsonal witnesses of the ghastly processions that issnod from their doors. But Davis novor objected to the mur. derous barburity, Whou this work of doci- mating Northern prisoners was fairly in op- eration, JerremsoN Davis, with the full knowledge of Winnra's inhuman cruelty, de- tailed him to go to Georgin aud selcot a ground for n new prison-pon remote from auy possible intorference of Federal cavalry, How well he did Liswork has already besn shown, Ie solected the spot called Ander- sonville. He found a piece of flat, wet ground of about 23 acres, from which he re. moved every treo and shrub, The troes which ware fellod wero used for building s stocknde, ‘Through these grounds ran a sluggish etream, discharging itselt in. to o swawp, which oceupied about threa ucres of the ground. ‘T'here wns not o building or shed of nny de- seription in the inclosure, so that the prison. ers wero exposed to the broiling sun and to ull tho inclewencios of weather without cov. ering. Tho Rebel troops wero' quartered comfortably above the prison-pen 1 the pine- woods. Tho Union prisoners begged tho priv ilego wvery day of the dismal fiftuen months they were in the Andorsonville pen to bo pot- mitted to go into the surrounding woods une der Confedorate guard and cut timber to build Luts and sheltor, But thelr petitions were always repelled with rudo and insulting refusal. ‘The Confederate roldivrs guarding tho prisoners used and defiled tho water which flowed through the pen and corrupted it with the garbage and uvxcroment of the cump, It became utterly unfit for use, and then the poor prisoners would go down to the swmup and dig for water as well ns for roots of tho stumps to cook the spoiled mule- flosh upon which they were fed. When this was discovered, thedead linowa ) moved sons to cut oft access to the swamp, notwithstanding which muny of the prisouers iu their frenzy and desperation would cross it, paying the penalty of death. We need not recount the indescribabla horrors of this awful pen, {(Thuy huve alroady been mado familiar to the Amcrican people in the recont debate.) But at last they bocame so unendurable that on out. cry of protest arose even among the Southern Rebels, bitterly as they hated the Northern people. Their protest roached the ears of Juyressox Davis, and to silence it he sont Gen. Cuavoren, the Confederate Inspector of Prisons, down to Andersonville to invosti- gato and make a whitewnshing roport, Col. Cuanoren turued out to bo an officer who was 8 bumano 1can and an Lonorable soldier, Liko Dz Nevens fu *‘The Huguonots,” ho would fight an open eneiny, but Le would not fovor maussacre of the unsrised. Ho mndo a ygport which confirms the carges preferved by Mr. Braixg and Mr. GankieLd concerning the location and condition of the prison-pen, and in addition to this the following supple. wental report: ANDEASOMVILLE, Aug. 8, 1604, —CoroNxL: My duty Tequires ma l:nmuw: 10 recommend » ehangs i3 {ho officor in command of ke post, Brig.-Gen. J. T, Winpxe, and the snlalitution in his place of 41me ons who tnites both energy and good judgment with some feoling of bumunity sud considsration for the welfsre and comfort (0 s 14 conslstent with their aafe- keeping) of the number of unfortunates placed under Lis control; some one who, st lesat, will not sd- yocate deliberately snd in cold blaod he propriety et lesving them in thelr present conditfon tatllthetr number Liaa Leen sufMiciontly reduced by death to make the present arrangement for thelr sccommodation: who will not consider it & matter of self-taudstion and bossting that he has never bean inside of a stockade, & place the horrars of which it is fmpossible to descrive, s0d which ie & disgraca to civillzation, the condition of which be might, by the ezercise of a littlo energy and Judgment, even with ihe limlited meansat hiscom- 1nand, have considerably tmproved. D. T, Craxnuxn, Asslstant.Adjutant 1nd Tnspector.General, So anzious was Col. Comaxnprer that the bruto Wixorn should be removed that he went and delivered the report in person to the Confederato Secretary of War, The Assist. not-Adjutant-General bad indorsed it with the words: * Tho condition of the prison at An- dersonvilla is o roproach to us as a nation,” The Assistaut Secrotary of War wrote below this indorsomont: ¢ Theso reports show n condition of things at Andersonville which calls very loudly for the interposition of the Dopartment, in order that a change be made.” The Department did interpose, The inhuman batcher, of whom tho Richmond Ezaminer soid when ho left that city to go to Anderson. ville: *“God have merey upon thoso to whom old Wixpen has been sent,” was indignautly removed by the Becretary of War. WopEn took his removal to Jerren- soN Davis, and he, with the full knowledga of all his damnable atrocities, not from ru- mor but from repeated official reports, wrota upon the back of it, * This is entirely unnoo- essary aud uncalled for,” and immodiately added to his power and opportunities for barbarity by promoting him to tho office of Commissary-General of all tho prisons and prisoners in the Southern Confederacy. As Mr, Ganrrenp enid in his speech: * Wixpen appears to have retained the confidence and approval of Davis to tho end, and continued on duty until the merciful providence of God struck him doad in his tent,” ‘We nead not go further in the matter of tracing the relations of Davis to the awlul atrocitics at Andersonville, The infamous WixnpEr was the immediate butcher, but he was only the tool and ogent of his master, Jerrensox Davis. Tho proofs, from Confed- erato sourcos, show that ho was not only cog- nizant of these atrocities, but that he ap. proved of thom and rewarded tha old ** hell. ion™ for committing them by promotion to the charge of every prison in tho South. Such irrefutablo facts as these show the falsi- ty of tho allegation that Republicans have raised the Andersonville question for partisan purposes. That question was raised by the Confoderato Brigadier-Gonerals and the North- ern doughfaced Domocrats in Congress who sought to include Jevermsox Davis in the Amnesty bill. Had his name been loft out, the bill would have been passed unanimously and the other 749 Confederates would have been restored to full political rights, A separato vota upon JEPFERsoX DAvis was all that Mr. Brame over domonded. In view of tho evidence which has been presented ngainst him, tho Confedorato Brigadier-Gen- erals in tho House, the Northern doughfaces in tho Houss, and the Confederates in tho whole South and Copporheads of the North, might as well undorstand now s at any other time that tho Union people of tho North will never forgive the real butcher of Anderson- ville. If justico had not beon clheated of her due, he would have expiated his crimes on tho gallows long ngo. MENDING THE MISSISSIPPI LEVEES, A pross dispatch says : The Houss Committeo on Levees met this morning and discussed Ur. Mongr'a bill, which providos for the appropriation of $3,000,000 for the construction and maintenanco of leveos on tha Mississippl in the following Htates: Louistina, $1,503,000; Misstasipt, $300,000; Arkansss, $709,000; Aissourl, $300,000, tho money ta be disbursed undor the direction of an en- gineer officer of tha army, The Committes has de- ¢ided to roport nnantmounly a bill with theds provise fons, and will probably tsko Monex's Lill, sfter some uulmportant alterations, It will, it s now thought, rasa the Houso wheu 80 reported from the Commite tes, but, a8 (o its patsege o the Sanste, nothing csn be #ald, i It will be remembered that the present House is largely Democratic-Confederato; more than this, that it stylos itself a “roform Houre,"—that it proposes to a0 commend its aation to the people a3 to elect a Democratio President next fall ; moro than this, thot it is a “atrict construction” House which is not going to “ violate the Constitution,” but to protect and dofend it to ita very letter; and that a large number of its members wont out of tho Union hugging the Constitution to their robellious bosoms and also camo back hugging it. Now, we would like to ask theso striot constructionists and Conslitution.hug- gers whero tho Constitution gives them the authiority to take 3,000,000 of taxes out of the Public Trossury to dyke the Mississippi River bottoms and prevent overflows for tho benefit of cotton.planters? Whore do thuy find tho right to use tho public menoy for the improvement of tho land of pri. voto individuals living along tho Ml sissippi? If there be any such right, thon it should bo generally known, for there are numerous other rivers which have o proclivity for ovorflowing their bauks during spring freshets and after hoavy mins. Tho Ohio nnd the Lllinois Rivers frequently get on tho rampagu and overflow thousands of acrou. In New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Indiang, rivera frequently, in fact almost every senson, burst their banks and spread bavocover the ndjoining lands. Eyen our own littla Chicago River aided by the Desplaines occasionally does great domage by overtlowing und would bo restrained by building lovees and enbankmofts, If it be coustitutional to dyke in a river in one soction nnd proteot tho private property of individuals from overflow, of course it is oqually constitutional to lovee all ovarflowing rivers in nll wections of the country and pro. tect Northern river farms as well us Southern river plantations. Whero do these Conatitu- ton-huggors find theright to lavy taxes upon Massachusetts, Maryland, Virginia, Texas, New York, Penusylvania, Ohio, Jows, and California, for instance, to improve private property in Louisiana, Missisuippl, Arkonsas, Missouri, subject to tho overflow of tha Mis. siggippi? If thoy can find such a provision, then wo can find numerous plaves that would like to nvail thomselves of the provision and have the same right. The Democratio strict-constructionists af. firm that it {s unoonstitutional to appropriate & million and a half of dollars for the Centon- nial Exposition, and are preparing to vote ogainst it. No one claims that the Centennial is for the benefit of any individual or get of individuals, 1t is a great national show made by the whole paoplo, for the benefit of tho whale people, to which the whole world has beon invited that it may witness our hundred years' growth. No one claims that such an appropriation would be atrictly constitution. ol, and for this reason Tus Crioaco Taisuxe has ever advocated it 1218 ls made, it musy be by a vory liberal conatruction of constitu- tionol anthority, and yet the Contenninl ap- proprintion {s infinitely moro constitutional thnn the proposed lovee approprintion, which is purely for privala purposes. No olaim Las been sct up that it would im. prove navigation on the Southern Mississippi. Thero is plenty of water thero for navigation at all sensons, nnd in tho seasons when the loveos are of uso there is wator enough to flont the Great Erstern. There is not even ratisfactory evidonce to show that the leveos will accomplish the work claimed for them, Experiencod and skillful engineers, on the other hand, haye long afilrmed that what is needed is more outlets to let the vast volume of water out, instend of levees to confino it botween its banks. But supposs the threo millions aro appropriated, what will be the result? It will only be the comnioncement of annual appropriations of untold millions for all timo to come, Thero is work cnough to be dono beforo all this private property can be protected and the **Father of Waters™ kept within his banks to swallow up hundreds of millions of dollars, Its bonefits can only be temporary, and it can nover add the value of the money ex pended to that of the dotton crop, It is simply an unconstitutional job for the benefit of hungry specnlators, who have bought lands and plantations along the banks of tho Mississippi. 1L is, however, a fair sample of Democratic strict construction and reform ; of Democratic consistency and economy. To roduce the pittancoes of starveling Consulsand placo the diplomatic representatives of the country in a shabby position bofore the courts of Europe by cutting down foes and saln- ries, and thon apply the money thus saved to the benefit of Southorn spoculators and in violation of the very Constitution they are so affectionntely hugging to their bosomws, is & fnir samplo of Democratic roform | OUR RELATIORS CUBA. Tho Secretary of State, Mr. Fisn, in his correspondence relating to Cubs, it seoms to us, failsto comprehond or to bo impressed with tho importance ot tho commerelal oppressions under which tho Cabans labor and in which we are directly concerned. Spain holds Cubs, Porto Rico, and the Philippina Islands, all of whiok she rotains for profit, and looks to them for an income, as sho did conturies ago to her American colonies generslly for gold. That Governor performed his duty most sat- isfactorily to the Home Government that forced from the aborigines the most gold for tho royal coffers; aud to-dny that Cap- tain-General which extorts from the Cubons the most gold is regarded as the ablest ruler for tho island. In this respect Spain is behind the rest of civilized nations. The colonies of Great Britain aro scattered in all parta of the world, ‘These colonies sre practically independent, and Great Britain is satisfiod if they nre self-sup- portingnnd do not tax British goods higher than thoso of other nations. To all of them she has conceded solf-government, and expecially tho powor to make their own trado rogulations, Spain, however, adheres to the policy of Puurie’IL, whose order to tho coloninl Governments was * Baptizo the henthens by force, and send us more gold.” That is the burden of every instruction sent to Cuba during the last century, Eighty or ninety years ego, Bpain made a2 commercial treaty with the United Statos, founded on tho principle that Cubn was a Spanish mine, and Spain adhores to that treaty to-day and will moko no other., The Cubsns aro mora machines ; they plant and gather ; and what. ovor surplus thoy have loft goes to Spain to support the over miccoeding and bankrupt dynasties that rulo there. Tho United States purchase $86,000,000 of tho Sponish West Indian prodncts annually and scll thewn' 19,000,000 wortli, The differ- once, reaching nearly $70,000,000, wo pay for in gold. Tho articles we import aro sugars, sirups, fruits, tobacco, and coffees,—things which our people must have under all air- cumstances. In all our deslings with other nations, thoy are alwaya willing to take anything wo have to sell. But Spain has levied an ex- port duty on all we buy, and anexcossive and discriminating duty on all wo have to sell ; under these circumstances the Cubans must make their purchases through Spain with tho gold which we pay thom, Ona of tho difficulties in the way of a re- furn to specis paymenta is this very demand {for gold for our trade with Cuba. Alr, F1snm, it scoms to us, hos failed to sppesl to Spain for that freedom of trade on tho part of her colonists which has been concodod by all other nations. It ia s freedom which is in kecping with tho enlightenmont of the age. Itis o practical question, andthe one in which of all others wo have the most interest. TAXATION AND REVENUE, The English papers bring us tho resnlt of another year's experienco of tho result of a system of taxation lovied for revenue only. "The British system of revenue hus two strik- ing features: Tho tax is dircot,—that s, itis fully represonted by the revenue collected, Thera {8 no collateral or resulting tnxation on the consumers of domostio products; the whole tax is shown in the amount of revenuo collected. The second peouliarity is, that the tax always produces an annual incresse and surplus; this surplus js applicd to tho reduc- tion of the public debt, and the rate of tax for tho ensuing year ia reduced to an oxtent proportionate to the surplus rovenuo, Do- spito this annual reduction of the rate of tax, thers s a racurring surplus of revenue. 'Che British flscal year begins on the 1st of April, and slready it Is known that at tho oud of the prosent year there will bo n sur. plus of revenue, The aggregato revenue will be,~reducing pounds to dollars at the rato of five to one,—885,000,000, and the ex. penditures $380,000,000 (and this, too, in the face of the recont ropeal of $25,000,000 of tazea), This surplus will be used to re- duce the debt, Thoro being a surplus of £5,000,000, there will bo in March o repool of so much of existing taxes during the pres. ent yoar as produced this surplus. I'nkingtha experionco of many successivo years, the re. sult of next year's business will be an in- crease of exponditures cqual to $8,750,000, and Incroase of revenuo equal to $7,500,000, or $10,000,000, to bo followed by & corre- sponding reduction of tuxation in March, 1877, To show the practical operations of thls syasters, we give thse annual receipts from zevepuo and the corrosponding annusl repoal of taxation of several yoars, In the year ending March 31,1862, the total rovenuo rocelved was $348,370,000, hnd tho net reduotion of taxes was $18,000,000, The revenus recoived in 1863 was £351,000,« 000; and taxes were reduced $1,000,000. Far ‘gbn whola poriod, including 1862 and 1874, the met roposl or veduction of taxes wos $109,089,065. During that period the natlonal expenditures had incroased from §855,580,000 in 1663 to $372,000,000 in 1874 Naverthaless in that same time, notwithatande Ing the repasl or reduotion 62 taxes which hiad produced over ono hundred millions of dollars, tho revenno from the remaining sources of taxalion had increased from 2318,- 370,000 in 1862 to $388,810,000 in 1874, At tho end of 1874 tha sugar duties and duties on horses, which in tho year just ended had produced $12,000,000, wero ropealed, snd, notwithatanding this repeal of taxes, thero was a surplus rovenue ot the end of 1875. Last March thero was onother reduotion of taxes, and yet at the ond of tho year in March noxt there will bo a surplus revenune, Hore {a a practical rosult of taxation for revenuo alono, Each repeal or reduction of a spocifio tax Is o relonss of tho restraints on consumption, and nn emancipation of so much of the earnings of tho people. Tho repoal of epceifio tnxes which produced $10,000,000 in a givon yenr loft thnt much of tho enrnings in tho lands of the people, to be employed by them in incransed produc- tion and trado, and the increase of produc- tion was followed by an increased consnmpa tion of other taxed commodities, which, with the genernl increnso of tho coun- try, rosulted in an increase of rov- enus excooding the increnso of expenditura and leaving a surplus. Our American logis- Iatora lLinvo obstinately refused to compre- hond the true policy of the Governmoent in coso of o rurplus rovenne, The legislative wisdom of the United States bns slways do- clared that the proper uss of a surplng rev- enuo wns to inoreasn tha public exponditure. It has been considored that where n given sealo of taxation produced fifty, ocighty, or a hundroed millions surplus rovenue, the coun- try wes nt the climax of prosperity, and that to proserve that prosperity by continuing tho excossive taxation way the sacred duty of an enlightoned statesman. According to the American rule, a reduction of taxation equal to the amount of surplus rovenuo would bo to destroy the evidonces of national prosperity and destroy the progperity itself. Rejecting tho theory of reducing taxation, they adopted, of course, the policy of increasing expendi- tures 80 88 to consume the surplus revenme. Therefors, there was n general system of building at least one Custom.Houso, Court- Flouse, and Post-Ofice in each Congressional District. Then there was s grand increase of salaries, from the Presidont down to the low- est employo of the Custom.House so remoto from trade and commerco that it could only bo renched by ox-cart’ in summer and not at all in winter. As there was alarge margin loft, Congress voted sn incrense of pey to it own members for tho future and o lko increase for a previous term of sorvico. Then thore was a large body of reapoctable men ond women in the lobby who had *claims,” and, to got rid of tho sur- plus, large sums wero voted to pay for imag- inary losscs of imaginary cotton and other merchandise destroyed by imaginary troopa, ‘Tho theory seemed to be that the Govern- mont was acting in a most benovolent man- ner inraising money by taxation to distribute it through the agency of Congress. Wa will say nothing of the corrnption. The ordinary expenses of tho Government in 1878 wera $£27,000,000 greater than in 1872, and in 1874 thoy wore $14,000,000 greater than in 1878, At the end of 1874 there wasan de- ficiency in tha revenue, largely due to the fact that in that yoar $41,000,000 moro had been expendod than in 1872, and forth- with tho Amorican statosmen resorted to an increasa of taxes in ordor to restore tho pros- pority of tho countryl Thero was nover a moro humilinting or disgraceful exhibition of logislative ignorancs and imbecility than that of incroasing taxa- tion in a timo of peaco snd of general finan. cinl diatress, in order to raiso moncy to pay tho curront ordinary expenditures of the Government, and that at 8 timoe whod there was 8 margin of forty millions of dollars in the list of expenditures that might havo been profitably, wisely, and justly repealed. The average American statcaman thinks that expendituro is ths first duty of Govern- ment, and thoreduction of incomethelast. A proposition to reduco. taxation is regarded as o surrender of the prerogative to expend. And yot here ia the examplo of Groat Britain, continued for twenty years, showing that an aunual roduction of taxes is the most direct mods of oxpanding the business of the coun. try, and that with tho expansion of produc- tion cousoquent upon the reduaction of taxe. tion thero is o regular incresse of rovenue, admitting further reductions and ropeal of taxes, Our system of taxation is to lavy tho greatost ngpregato of taxes with tho lenst possible poroentago of revenue, and to 8o in- creaso tho cost of production as to have the least possible consumption and the laast pos- sible surplus product to sell. ‘The New York Z'rilune, in a recent article upon *The Red Man and eligion,” sald: *¢'This Spotted Tail knows no more of Hoaven than the mustang which ho expects to ride thore,” A correspondent in reply asks the pertinent question: *“Ido not quarrel with this praposition, bat ask what more do sny of us know?"” Ho says: ‘“We oxpect to rido into Heaven on the mustang of or- thodoxy, while the red man expocts to ride into and through Heaven upon the mustang of nature, What is thero more incongruous in the Indian's conception?” At last ac- counta the Z'ribune had not answered the cor- respondent’s conundrums, The retarn to this country of Mr. Evenzer, formorly of 8t Louis, bodea the *‘crooked" gontry no good. Evensst was a Gauger, sad, it common roport baa tho right of it, officiated as paymastor of tho ring In tho laterval batwoon Mranur's stepping-cut and Firznov's stopping- Iz, Rumor further offirms that ko was tho medium of communication between Joxck snd tho myatertous **man in tue country,” ‘l'aking the alarm in time, ho took himself expeditious- ly out of thocountry, It is exd he was found at Rome by s Govorument agent, who persusded bim to return by s promise of personal immuni- ty. His evidance promiscy so be as important as Intorosting. —_— it CitioAno TRIDUNE luoks at the Centennial Ap- propriation bill from » sactionsl end Chicago polnt of Viaw, and sueers at tho * Confederata support it ro- celves. Ts this the sart of Centennial that the Iad- fcals wans 1—5t. Luuta T¥imes, What Tux Outocaco TwIBUNE eays {s, that it don's wans Confedorate support for the §1,500,~ 000 donation to tho Centeonis! fund to be coupled with tha condltion of the polisicsl yoe babititation of Jevy Davis, the anthor of the Ane doraoaville cruelties and borrors. It *sngers to that extout, —_—— The London papors ara discussing {he practl- oability of estabhishing tolegrapulo statioos in mid-ocean, by which messages can be sent from any part of the aca along the lnwe of cable to the tarminal polnts on ahore, and vice versa, so that commnunication with iron-olads, mail stoam- ora, and other vessals, when out at sea, may bo established. The London Standard describes the iuvention sa cousisting of & hollow sootional col- umo, with & baso plato attschod by ball and socket-folnt, which column s towored into the water, and anchorad rigidly to the ground. The branch cablo 18 coupled to the main eable, and carried along the column to the eurfecs of the water, 40 be there sonoestad with fistruments on bonzd the vessals, By bus ioveation 8 is pros da not be ent A et am i & posed to control naval and strategleal move- monts, whilo s ship in distross could communt- eato ler oxact position, the nature of her disastors, and thus procurs assistanoce, i S e " Prof, Nkwcoun has been publiahing s series of arliclea in Harper's Weekly on tho currency qneation which have abod considerable light on the placos made dark Ly the dilutioniats, IHera is an oxtract worth porussl: Wennzrr P L1pais creditod with eaying that specis-paymenta mean spocls whan you do not waut it, aud noth- log but paper when you do. No botter illustra- tion of the wilduess with which such mon talk can be given than meraly putting this statement alongeides of facts. infiationist will howaver much be may try to sxplain them away, nld dthoy are wortliy of belug carefully borne in mind, Tlose fects ars such a8 no ve the harditiood to deny, First Faet—For Mlyilln p3at thers has not been & { when sny ownor of Engliah bank.note could get gold for i, nor {1t Hkely thaf secti for ) years to coma, Nor h & day will here, in all probability, boen s businees day atthe banks when one or more peraons, and dreda of thom, did not want gold, Hardty s business uay now paseos in which the Hank of England dossnot Ppay oiit gold ta the smount of tens, or oven Lundreds o thousands of dollars, to peonle wanting i, Tomem- generally dozens or hun- ber thia when you resd or hear tliat specis-payments cannot be kept up on the limited supply of gold mow A eond Fact—Undor this policy th Seeond Faet—Tnder this policy the littls Taland of Great Dritain bts maintainod tho commerciai suproms acy of the world, London Lan becomo fla great monetary centre, and, u apite of Lier #ystam of fand- tenure and othor inatliutions which tend to the dis- advantago of her poorer claeses, Lha averags labarer of England fu botter of than that of any othor couniry in Europe, Third Fact—Thero {s no ease recorded fn history of a Government {amulng paper maney not rodeemablo In gold or liver, sod in quantities sufcient for com. merce, witbout that papor monoy daprecisting. Tho cases of such atlompts and thair faflure are so aumer- ‘ona that » whola volume of history would be requirad to recount them, Ses, for instance, Busxza’s * {listo~ ry of American Currency,” Tourth Fact~There is now twica a8 much enrrency . per capita of curnfo[mlllmn a8 during the threo years preceding our eivil war, and yot wo are told that the country is suffering for want of more, This fact il lustratea the statoment of the last leason, that the greater the quantity of irredeemabls eurrsncy fasuod the ncarcor money will seem 10 bo, If you toll tliess facts to an inflationfst he may de- nounce you vigorously aud seold you for remembering them, and say (he{ have nothing to do with tha pres uestions; Lut ho will not dare to deny them un- 6 cares nothinyg for truth, OBITUARY, THIt BXV, EDMUXD IL. SEALS, D. D, The Unitarian puipit in thiscountry has lostono of its ableat ministera by tho death of the Rev. leas Lpmuyp Hasurton Seans, which occurred at Weston, Moea., ou Sunday last, He was born in Sandisfiald in the above State in 1810, and graduated from Unfon College in 1834, He studied divinity at Cambridge, completing the courso in 1837, and the moxt yoar was seitled over tho Firat Unitarian Ohurch in Wayland, where he romained two yoars, removiog to Lan~ caator 10 1840, Bevon yeara lator ho roturned to ‘Wayland, where ko remained until 1885, in which yoar he took chargo of tho clhurch at Weaton, ovor whieh he prosided uutil bis death, Dr, Brana is ovon moro widely known as an author than ss & clorgyman. For twelve yoars he wad azsoclato oditor of tho Afonthly Leligious Alagazine, and medo his name known far and wido by his writings, Among nia contributions to theological literaturo are & treatise on ** Regoneration ” (1854) : * Pictares of tho Olden Time, as Showa in the Fortunes of & Family of tho Pilgrims™ (1857); *‘Athanssis; or, Fore- gloams of Immortality” (1858); * Christian Lyrica;" bis mostimiportaot work, ¢ The Fourth Gospel tho Heart of Ch-ist* (1872); and * Bor- mons and Bongs" (1873). Ho first became known o8 & poet by contributions of hymns to roligions journals, many of which have ob- talned wide-sproad celbrity, Tho Boston Ad- vertiser aays of him: By tho loading minda of bis own deonomination, and, indesd, by sll who know him, ho was estoemod asono of tha best of mon—a Chrliatlan without guile,” OTURE DEATUS. The Rev. Dr. Fenomianp Roorns, the oldest roridont preabyter of tho Dlocose of Central Now York, died suddenly on Tuosday last. He wes o man of profound loarning, and ono of the most oloquent clorgymen in that Biate, Ris brothor is tho presont Becretary of the Indian Departmont of tho Protostant Episcopal Board of Missions. Judge A. O. MontoN, at ono simsa the law part- ner of DANIEL 8. Dioxixsow, diod I Colambus, Qs., » fow days ago. Io was » Brigado Commis- sary io the Confodorato army, aud during the Moxican War commanded a Georgia regiment. Mise Harpy, tho oldest daughter of Admiral Hanpy, o whoso arms Nersox died, died re- contly in London, Bho was tho ocoupsnt of s suite of rcoms in Hampton Court allotted to ber by the Quoon, Tho London Athencum ssys: * The recent death, at the ago of 56, of Mr, Jonx G. A, Py, of Kilkenny, tbins the alroady too sparse ranks of Irish aronmologists of the true type. He waa koown as the joint author, along with tho Rov. Javzs Gnaves, of tho * Architecture, History, and Autlquities of the Cathodral Chucch of 8t. Canpice,” and wrote puweroua papars of valae for the Journat of the Moyal Hiatorical sod Archmological Association of Irelsnd, of which ko waa Hoo, Becretary.” Gon. Joun Breerx TrLen, sssociated with the military affairs of tho Btste of Maesachusestts since 1812, died in Doston last weox. Ho was particularly noted for hia theatrical taste. A Boston paper saye: * His father, Rovars Tyren, wrote, it bao been eaid, the first Amorlean play over performed. His unclo, Col, Jonx 8, Tyrzn, once a comwandor of tho Cadets, conducted tho ola Federal Etroct Ihentre, Boston, In 1795, on hehalf. of the stockholders, from a dosire to ad~ vance the cause of tho dramn rather than from any bopes of poouniary advantage. The Gon- oral wasat one $ime sssoclated as amatour man- ager of the Tromont Thastre, and aleo as one of the Dixoctors of the Doston Theatre fur several years, PEREONAL ise Beasla Turner passed the whole summer at Neponsot incogaita, Her expanses wazo paid by Mrs. Tilton, Drigham Youog has ordered a}l balls in the ward school-honsss to begin at 1 o'clook in the sftornoon and closs &t 10. Round dancing is prohibited. Gaorge L. Fox, the celebrated clown, who 1 now contined in a lunatio asylum, is & poor man, Mis wifo lu dontitute, Sox has mado and spent #everal fartunes, It in tho fashionablo thing for infatustsd ad- mirors of Clars Morris to prosent her with poodie-dogs, Bhe hxs hired s man expressly to drowa thesa tokens of sffoction. A writer in tho Bpringfleld Republican ex- presses the opiaion that it the literature of hate evor comes to bo classified Jullan Hsweborne's “Hazon Btudles” will eaally take tha firat place Rmong its clansica, ‘I'wo Now York brokors, cne 50 mud the other 88 years of age, aro matched for dancing at $100 a oide, the dances to bo a sailor's hornpipo, & Highland fiing, a gquadrills, lancers, & waitz, a gelop, s polks, and aschottisobe. Tho trial will oomo off in about six weeky. Bomo wag has sald that Hfiss May, o whom young Jim Bennett is engaged, has made him promisa not Lo shoot $he beautiful young plgeous. Thero 1 no record of Lis ever having shot snything, though he hua been engsged In s hundred masches. It isabuurd for bim to prome ise not to hit. Bir John Trelawnsy, who was with Byron and Bhelloy st tbe time of tho latter's death, has written s letter to the London Times, reafirm- ing his belief that the post was murdered by a souryy crew of liallan fishermen in » squall, The Specialor and many other critical autborie ties are convinood of the truth of this report. Confirmation of the common saying that nothiog is easier than 1o excite a Franchman iy afforded by the case of Marshal Canrobort. He waaa candidate for election to the Benate, Ouns of the nowspaposs in approving his racoed ine cldentally refeized to him an *the first soldier of France," This naturally led some Minlsterial Qraats (o clalm (s 1l 107 Marshial Maghabon, who, thoy insisted, eaved the Empaeror from a.-! feat at Magonta, A flarcs controversy sprang up on the rubject, and Canrobert finally refuscd to accept the nomination on the ground that 1y might te * represonted ss a manifestation Lontile to tha iluatrious Head of tho Btate,” The Louiaville Oourier-Journat utters thig timely protest : ** In the haste incident to news. paper work an cocasional atrooity is unavoids. ble; but it is time for some protest o be made sgainat the abbraviation of the name of the Gals Iatin Xraminer, No journalist, Lowsver hard proasad for time, can be axousad for reforring ta sny paper as the tal. Ezaminer.” In tho trial of Landls for the shooting of Mr, Carruth, the New Jersoy sditor, some curiony dovolopments have beon made In regard to the Labits of Mre. Landls. The familyphyaician testified that Landis froquently told him hig wife was Insane. Tha housckespor belloved Mrs. Landis was not disordered, but thought slie was **possessed of twenty devils.” . Profs, Bumner and Wheslor of Yale College have recontly made two innovations in their sys tems of {nstruction. The formor bas announced to the senlor class that, heroafter, thore will bt no marking for rocitations, and. that the stand for tha term will dopend upon examinations, and Prof, Wheelor has abolished compulsory ate tohdanco at his lectures on English history. Dejazes, tho -famous French sctross, s fow daya befora hor death said shie had droamt of dying and golng up to boaven, and seeins;all the frienda mado during hor saventy-sovan yoars, each of whom nodded to ber, * K¢ i don Diew m'a dil, * Bonjour, Virginie!” Any one who has soco the incomparable actress can roalize tho arch look of the oyos as sho aald, ' Bonjour, Virginie.” The Raloigh (N. C.) Senfinel offers the fole lowing congratalatory ode to tha editor of & con= tomporary nowapapers ** Mallard, of the States« vills Zandmark, hasatlength found his longe mought duok, and is bappy as a buck, Wo wish him lota of luck ; may be novermore get wtuck in misfortuno’s mire and muok, but havo abund- ant pluck and worldly gear and trusk to run him filled up chuck, till by dosth's dart he's struck and up to Hoaven ‘tuck.' ™ 5 John E. Owens onco deaired fo reward a pore tor who hed beon nnusually quick in performing on errand, and mochanically put hin hand in his pocket snd drew out & quartor. He held It ont to the porter, but, thinking he deserved some- thing moro than a quarter for g0 much Intelli« gencoe and colerity, drew {t back and aaid : “No, T'll givo you soats for yourselt and wife to- night, John,” #No, thank you, Mr. Owena,” said John, 4 I'd rather hava the quarter.’ P.T. Barnum has golloctod materials for a show which will surpass sll his pravious efforta, Ho bought in at ths rocont Bridgeport' salo the beat parts of bis old Hippodrome, incloding the hippopotamus ; and he has bocome owner of sevoral circusos and mensgeries, which ho pros posos to unite with his own. He has also s new sand beautiful name,—‘* Academy of Objsch '.L'alohhag."——whlch will not be the least of hix sttzactions, For tho transportation of all tho material Mr. Barnum says 120 cars will bo re~ quirod. Thero will be used in the show 1,100 men and womon, 560 horses and ponles, and 63 cages of wild snimals, TOTEL ADRIVALS, Paimer Howse—A, G. Taggart, New Yark; G, A, McLeollsn, Newsrk, N, J.; J, M, fiingleton, Boscobsl Btook Farm; F, A, Wheeler, Ban Rrancisco; Georga Taancs, Montreal; J, B, Lard, Boston; L. L, Mandel, Now York; J, H, Bell, Owenboro, Ky.; J. Q. Peytony Virginia; J, W, Gillls, Nochester; Charles Fuiler, Springfeld, Mass,: W. G. Powsll, Syracusaj G, O, Gorham, 8an Francitco.... Grand Pacyfo—0. H. King, New York; F. H. Jobnson, Kentucky; M, M, Ensppy Davenport; T. I, Sharpe, Indianspolis ; W. B, Hamik ton, Loutsville; Henry Kip, Duftalo; Jay C. Moorey Marquette; R, R, Rhodes, Cloveland; O, W. Mead and 8, 8 Eaton, 8t. Paul; Oon Hardin, 8t Louls; G, I E. Lyon, R Myers, Lanaingburg, N. Y.; J. oW York; G. E. Perxins, “Tremont Houss—Oy 0. Driggs, Pittsbuig; O, Dant Bweden; R, Gatvana and Herbert Waills, Mont B. Lamber son, New York; H, G. May, New Yor Meyer and A L. MacKay, Quincy; A. G, Lo Grow, Fhiladelphiag .M. Viaro, Hoston . £ Feyarwastnor, Buriington: 0.’ M. Piko, Hiali L' B.... Sherm 9 , Troy, N, Y.; L. Ii. Muson, New York; A, B, Bt , Bt. Pauly J, W, Morris, San Franeisco; P. @, Davis, Waitham, Mass,: T. P. Kesisr, Brimfeid, Ind.; C,'H, Gozelichays, dilwsukse; I, H, Slosson, Konosha; F. B, Bpragus and W, C, Kingsbury, Ry~ mouth, 1od.; ¥, J, Taylor, Omakia, POLITICAL NOTES, Tho so-oalled Illinols Stato Farmers' Associn- tion hag come and gons, Ona of the subjects digoussod was tho courss of the Independent Roformors in tho last Legislature who throw thomselvea tnto the arma of E. M, Haines sod the Domocsata. 8. M. Bmith sailed into them with sharp aod severo criticism, whersapon, nays tho roport: Mr, Parker, of Iroquois, who was an Independent momber of that body, arose and replied rogarding hit acuon fn that “circus” When pinned down ta dgfinite charges, Smith atated that, when tho election was over, ho had wrilten o ihe Independents advising them as {0 thelr duty, and ssking them aboveall things o bo sure and not vots for Hsnes for Bpeaker, six had roplied~five of them respsctfully, aud on¢ fnlimating that it was “ none of Bmith's damned busis ness how the writor should vote." ¢ Leglalatur ® dfl%:d Haines—the worst zman in America—for the o The Knnsas City Times, reviewing Briatow's chancos at Cincinnatl, recalls the fact that Jcha 0. Breclunridge was nominated for tho Viees Presldency in tbat clty twenty yesrs sgo. It continues: ' Bristow will atand a good chancs to bo nominated for Vico-Pros{dent [n Cincine natl. He s too young snd fnoxperienced in publia life for the firat place on the tioket, never biaving beon » membor of any deliborative body whatover, not even of a church vostry, Hia total freedom from anything like a logislative rocord or {dentification with the mesaures aod polioy of the Ropublicsn party might make him a» much stronger candidate than any of the scarred and soited leaders like Morton or Blaine; but these veleraus won't thiuk so, snd their fslonds may ineist on hls walting, tarrying st Jericho till his politicsl beard ba grown, ss he can well afford to do, being ne yet s me ipe log in publio life.” This is the case viewsd from & Democratio standpolut, It i easy t0 apply anch eplthiots as “ soarred ™ and **aolted” to Morton and Blalne, but not casy to justify them. an House— —_——— OPINIONS FILED AT MT. VERNON, Cr.eox's Osrion Bupnxas Coust, M1, Yauxo¥, 1., Jau, 31, 1876.—Ths followlog oplalons of June Term, 1875, wers this duy filed s a“. K‘m'ul':i &akmf. n:;:ud. 3 ug va, Ward] stlirm: flla. W‘;nihmn ¥a, Choutena; reversed and rozumds %11, Patrick ve, Patrick; afirmed, 127, Berns vs, Atkins; agt 135, Wheclor va, ¥ra Mrmed, 142, Nickols ve, Sradsl d and remsnded, 163, Yout, Bigelow & Go.'vs. Beckman; roverasd and ufl:‘ Kellor vs, Brickey; reversed snd remsuded. 178, g!odun Trustses va, Metsenhaimer; raversad and rewmanded, 162, Cobb va, Lavalle; reversed and remanded, 185, Paul va. Borry ; Toverssd and remendad: Fropagation of Discase by Birde Pall Mali Gaxette, There are fow more mysterious travelers thea funes and diseases. A now tuno eomes out in Londop, and alx waeks later it maybe heard whistled by bova in soms obscure and distso! village, to which {t has found its way fnsoma manner best known to ftaelf, 1t is tho same with h swiftly, sud soraly, although thoir meaus of transit bafle the ekill of themost futelligent members of tha medical profession to divine, A new theory bas now baon atarted, that she foot and-mouth disosse, which is 80 prevalent amovg caitle, In conveyed from oo’ district to another, nol ding all the precautions taken sgainsl ita ad, by birds, - A wood-pigeon has, so cording to the Elgin Couran!, bean lately shol nesr Elgin which has been daclared by veleii: Dary surgeons and competent madioal authoritiot 10 Lave been evidently affected by fooi-snd: mouth disease at the time of ita dosthi. The body of the unfortunate bird has, it is siated, bean nent to the Vaterinary Department of the Privy Council Ottice, and it may tbrow new light oo the subject. Another duagreeable notion hat also azfenn that s0ap is sn notive agenmiin the propsgation of discass, The New York physl cians Lave arrived as Wie conolusion that & tersk ble Amounl of linsss ta oocasiousd by the Ime punities sonitined (o soap, sapenislls in sceatsd .