Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 22, 1876, Page 9

Sa mel THE CITICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, JANUARY 22, "1876~TWELVE ' PAGES. v LITERATURE. Roberd Browning’s Last Pocm: *The Hune Album.*” Darwin on Climbing-Plants as They Relate to Evo- lution. A History of the Army of the Cumberland---Swedenborg in o Compact Form, Hudie's Great Cireulaling Library, in London--A Two-Thousand-Dollar Dymu-Book. Literature in Russia--«The Book- Trade at the Centennial Exhibitien, Recent Discoveries of Roman Antiqui- fies-=-Penny Scientific Lec~ tures in E_ngland. Tho Acncins --- Spontancous Genera tion--Treatment of Bee-Btings--- Australian. Exploration. LITERATURE, BROWNING'S NEW POEM. T In¥-ALnust, Dy Rosrar Browxina, 1fmo,, 167, Doston: Jomes B, Osgood & Ca, Price, At last wo havé Browning at his bort again ; and Browning st Lis best, many will agreo with us, istho noblest of fiving "poets. They will givo their roady acquiesconce who havo felt the subtle, penelrating, haunting charm of bis earlier writihiga; who have beon melted by tho plteons pathos that peivades the tragedy of “Tho Blot in"the 'Scutchoon ;" who have read with broathless emosion the farvid passages in wPipps DPasses,” whiok sro woll nigh appalling in the lot glare of thelr blaziog passion; who Lave been sbo- ken by tho tremendous dramatic pewer in lyrica like “Tho Heretlo's I'ragody,” *Fra Lippa Lippi,” and **The Boliloquy in the Spanish Clots- ter;” and who have rosponded to the intenso, aoroquitad, unrepining love, bravely renouncing Its fond hopes, in *Tho Last lide Togethor,* and to the tender, pationt despalr exquisitely depletod fn the Jitlle eong, **In o Yoar.” There, wud maoy simular impassioned and stirring posms by Brosvning, haveongraved on tha minda of thoir appreciative admirers a deoper and tuore durablo impresgion than vy other matrical com- positions produced during tho prosout gonera- tion ara capablo of doiny. For thoe lnst flitcen or twonly yoars, Drowning hne beon sportiog with Ina genius. Iio hay al- fowed {ts waywardness uulmited indulgence, and, under this leense, It Lias doveloped into puinful oxaggeration its lenst pleastug peenliari- Mea. Tho iutricnte meaning that formerly weighted hia lines, domnnding cantlous and re- peated rendings, yet bounteonsly roannling thy sffort by tho delivery and afllucuce of tho thoughts oventually disctosed, las baconso, in bis later worke, almont whollv conuesled in a tunglo of obucure words, and twisted, dislocated sentenced; whilo, tho sketchos of tho human heart, with its vatlous evanescent. palpitating, nd riotous emotions, which ho 80 excelled portraying, have been abaudoned for abstruse tiagnical o metaphysicn) studies, that very fow eonld enjoy or nndoratand. Tho frionds of Brownlng, nho, boing onco his frionds, munt rewain such forever, have sincorely monrned thero BLraNgo aud PErverso vAgRries ; yot.‘kaplnfi in mind the past glorious work of the poet, bave Loped hie would etill roturn to Limaelt, and_once more produce things of ccm- parablo oxcollence. ‘Lheir faith Lias beeo Hnally texarded, aud, in the poom hofore ns, Browniug is restored to theui, with ell tho attnibutes that first roused their enthusiusm, 88 froaliand strong x50 his most wholosome days, and exercising 1o the full their old tascination. . The pithy, prognaut diction that is onoe of the most delightful characteristics of Browniog's pureat poetrv, Is singularly clear throunhiout “The Inn-Album.” Every sentenco yields up its entire algnificance on & careful perussl, The picturesque words aud quaint phrasings which be knows 8o well how to use, aro restrained within dao bounds, and seiva to enrich, not to obetruct, the vigorons and sinewy srle. Tho versification is, also, full and fin- Isned, showing tho easy hinuodling of a uatursl srtiat. Ax thotgh ‘o prova ta the critics that be zan at will adorn his work with the graces of tho lighcer pocts, e agalo bonda bimeolf to tho task of smoothing and refining it, contradicting tri- umpbantly the popular dictum playtully quoted in the beginning of the poem: ‘That bard's & Browning; he neglects the form, Tue story which is Lerewith related ia traglo and Intonse. It han in it the eloment of uumti- ated gloom to which wo are nceustomed 1a sl rowning’s strongest picces. Vet it Ia not pur- poseless in 1ts motive. It does not loave one with the sensation that tho feelings have boon srought up to a peinful point of agitation mero- lf!orum enjoyment of mg‘mn upou them, [ho legitimate objeot of arf lLins beon mocom- gu:he&; for, amid tho glnetly wreek of hfo aud ope at tlils tho last scenc with cumulativo horrors, the grandeur of & womauw’s victory over w deadly evil stands out in comforting rolief. The action of tho posm {3 almost wholly con- fined to » rural English fon, ¢ Perched oia view tomnandiug eminence,” aod secladed and pic- tureaquoe acenery. Au sunrise breaus npon the Jand on a morning in early epring, two gentle- men, in the shabby-geuteol parlor of the inm, wro adjusting tbo accounts of a night spent in paming, The yonnger personage Drawa sharp the shriekin tain, sends aloft The nash, apreads wide aud fasten back to wall Sutter and shutter, shaws yo aud's best. He loans Into a living glory-bath 0'air and light, whore acems to float and move The wocded, watered country, Lill and dale, Aud stecl-bright thiroad of wiveatn, a-amoxo with mist, Asparkie with Yy raoruing, diswond<drift U'the sun-touchied dew, Hiscompanion—** & youngish-old man, » man oldith-yaung "—romsins at tho table, whoro * wicke are noisowe-decp In waz, to detrimout of platea ware ;" and Above—piled, strewn—{s Mors of pisving-cands, Counlers and sl that's Emver for a game.” Ho {8 reckoning, upons fsuk apace in **‘Cbe Jon-Album,” the costof the night's play, in which Lo hue beon & heavy loser. “With ' faco of marble he foots up the tolamna that declare bim a dobtor to the amount of £10,000, ITo {8 inurodto tho hazards of sming, and, like o truo wportsman, wears an opaedivoe Jook under this hard stroke of $irtune, But the youngor man, & youth of 25, towhom Sporting hau veon merely s pastime, rogards with Do pretonded indifteronco the resuitaof tho play. e 18 what tho voec caila s ** polished enob,"— Deaning that bla father wae a traucsmay, and, though he i & millionaire, and educated, and ‘hrlgnlnd, tho taint of common bitth oppresses *The older man, refinement every fnch, From brow 1o baat-end," {8 pute-blooded aristocrat, ¥ith 8 Duke for a brother, and the stamp of the batzician on all hisairand manuer. il waadows tred, not with cash nor lands at birth, but with bmmanding talerts aud pbysical gracos, lu the fifiy yearw “which Lo owus to,” he .has thasen to squander Lia gifte ina life of dissipa- tion. A yesr age Lo met the youth before him Dalmatia; aad the two, unmatobed in yank, Mnd years, and experionce, took a stroug hiking for éach other, aud havo beoa undividad friendd brer mnce ; the younger rogarding the elder iwith w yomantio adwtrstion, and bo amusing h{,nénlr with tb‘: lym‘léh‘n deu;unn. aud, porhiaps, iog u reward {u the use of mono; vee, laytebod as affaction. Sepambay On this morning, when the paieare brough Dofore ua, they Lave speut their last night to- Kether, . The young men in to bo marnied in & bonth to a rich aud boautiful cousia, whoso homg fa near tho {un, and whose property lies M about it ke hss come down to **The lace,"” on this aceaslon, to srran ge the prelimina. nes to hia uvlon, wod; arviviog the night before Fith bls sporting companion, hiss, £0r the final timo, induiged In play st carda, As tho leano of | 1865, tuk it in hore reproduced fo an enlarged tha aport Is revealad to him, hio plenda gith his friond to catcel tho fizures that proucunce bim A winner, aud consider the score wiped out, ‘The wary man of the world declines to bo s0 in. dobted to a friend’s gonerosity ; and thus, sfter prolonged and animated dincussion, tho two stroll ont toward the atwtion, whore ons Is to taka tho ontgolng train, and the othor to Appoat 28 though dalivered by tha incoming exprean. QOa thwr road, winding throngh tho leafy wooda, tha Influence of the near soparation in" clines tho friends to mutual confidonces; aud, ftting on & stile, tha elder rolates an inoidout, naw four yeara old, that proved the turnmibg point in hia life. aud dockded lrravocably his dowarward fato. ie had beon thrown—no tie story ran—n the way of n aimple, coulding girl of 18, theonly clild of s country parson. Her superb beauty revived s palling tastes, and ha determined to crown tho list of the wictima ho hind won for 8 hbortino's prize, with hor fair name. How ha nucceeded o uhall tall ¢ Tho 28 T used to tell my womsnkind, Kuowing they dlsbelieved me all tho timo, Though they required my Hes, their decent dus, Tils womat not #g much betiored, L'l aay, As just anlicipated from my mouth ; Bluce, being true, devoted, constant, she Found couatancy, devotion, trutk, the plaia Aud easy commonplace of chatrcier, No mock-hierolca but ansmed natural To her who, underneath thw face I knew Wan fairaess’ self, po heart [ Judged Must correspond 1a folly Juet as far Iieyond the common,—and & mind to matoh, Not made to puzzle conjurora ke me, Who, therein, praved Lhis fool who fronts sou, sir, Andbegnleava to cut short this ugly rest | WTruat me 1 1 ald s abio trusted. Whon the fact of her Prnmeditllml betrayat dawned upon the woman's soul, abe turnod in atch lofty diadain upon her perfidioua lover that hls offer of reparation by muarriaga waa rejocted with acorn, A month aitor shie becamo the wifo of an obscure curata; and the false man loarn- ed too tnte that ho bad cheatod himeelfl of the ono poswbility of reclaimiug bin life. ‘The confession of tho younger coincldes in Aomo striking minor partioulsra with that of the eldor. 1le, too, had madly Jovod the beautiful daughter of n couutiy parson, and, just four vears gone by, had offered hor his baod, and beon rejected because hior hieart was auothor's, ‘Tho wound rankied atill, thongh Le was trying to doaway with {ta aching by this marriage ivitn hia cousim. But, he puth the question, Could thio startling truth exiut, that the woman whom bath hiad loved and lost in euch difforent ways wa tho very Bamo? As tho frionds dallyin their talk tho traine rush by, and thoir plna of respoct- iva arrival and departure 1a upsst, Therefors the younger passes on to **‘I'ho Psco” to viait hie cousin, arranging to rejoin the elder, who will await Lig coming 8t the Louso recontly left, Mennswhtlo, tho vacant luu-parior lins beon tho rondozvous fur & socond pair of devoted cum- -panions, But thle time the friends are of the gentior sox,—oue beiog thoe 18-year-old cousin plightod in marriage; and tho other, a woman four yoars hor sonior, and surpassingly fair and stately. 'The young girl has summoned the older, *tho snperb one,” from the stricc accin- sion in which sho lives as ono burled, to ask ad- vico concerning her own contemplated alliance. In the probing conversation votwoen the couple, « frightfal eocrot, ooiled in Lo breust of he eldor, poaps out & momant, aftrighting the inuo. cent gitl; yet sho loaves hor friond in ordor to g0 in'quost of lor oxpocted lover, withouts sus- piclvn ot the rea! horror tunt oxposed ita ugly faca for 8 singlo amfs instant, Buddenly, a8 the lonely watober atands at tho window, the door unclosed, and the returning amestor enters and confronts the woman ha ias 8o cruelty wronged. Like baughty and bit- tor foes, tho two accopt the encounter, each heaping on the othor the wrath and contempt that have accumulated with tho passing yoara. With terriblo indiguation the injured woman aa- swors Lho taunts of hor boteayor: S Tay thess words To howrt then, or where God meant heart should lurk | “Chat montent 'when ou firet revealed youruelt My alumple Impitisa propted—end fordiwith The ruiu of a lifa uprooted thus ‘Yo murcly periali | Jow should sich o tres Itenceforward balls tho wiad of its worst aport, ¥ail 1o o falting deeper, falliug down ¥rom sin to Mo, until somo deptis wero reachied Doomed to tho wezkest by the Wickededt Of wouk and wicked huun kind?lint when, “Tuat sclf-dlaplay made sLslute, —behiold A new revealinent —rouad you pleased to veor, Fropose to mo what should jrompt sunul the paat, Malio me * ameids by Inurriige "—in your phrase,— Incorpurate mo heucefortl, body and soul, With #onl und body which wore Droabing st Bronght leprosy upon ms—‘*snarry " tusse Wiy, thieu despale uroke, ressaurance davued, Ighted wan I that whio huried coutemp Liank God 1—at the contemptible, arce an utter weakling, Hent away 1y treason from my rightfal pride of plice, 1 w.n ot dextined to thg ahiatie Lelow, A cleft hud caught me: 1 might periu there, But thenco to bo dislodzed, aud whiclod at last Whers the blsck torrent 8 $ho Rowago—1i0] o Lure oeast be on hard ozl wughad out my sl 1In gratitude, howc'er rock's gr.p may g | The plac, rough, writched holofust ahal. sugice Lhis sereck af e, . As tho woman Fuus on to portray the hard, dreary lifo she is loadiug,—a mera mzelune usad Ly a Barrow-minded, ereed-cnstaved husband to hielp save s soul by baord servico in the sal- vation of cthtrs,—shoflnishes the victure with & deacription of Lior past Jovo for hor dastroyar, And theso aro among the fingst lives in ‘the noom 1 chauged for you the very lawa of life; Made you tao itandard of ail right, all fatr, No geufus but you could hiave Le:s, 1o 1ge, No hufferes~which 58 grandest—for tho traft { My horo—whera the herole only hid Yo burst from hiding, brighter cirth one day ! # Thave danced fhirough day, ©On tiptoe, at the musla of a word, Tiavo wondered whers was dackugss gons as night Lurst out in atara at briliauce of » swmilal Loucly, I placod tho chair to Lelp ms soat Your tancled presence; {o companionsbip, 1 kept my linger conatant to your glovo Glued to my breaut; thon—whero was all theworld? 1 lche:.lleg‘-—unl dresmed—now 1 might die some deal Sliould savo your ingor sching| Who creates Deatroys, he uniy: 1laugled 10 saorm Whatover augel iricd to shake my fanh And mako you seemn unworthy : you yourselt Ouly could'do that | With n touck twas one, " Give me all, trust me wholly,” At the word 1 didt give, 2 did trust—and thoreupon Tho touchi did foliow, Ab, the quict smlls, The mawterfully arm In arin, A trick abtaived its triumpli one imo more | 1n turn, my s2ul, 100, triumph in defcat § Treanon, liks fulth, moves mouutalns; lovo is gono, By thia touching acknowledgmont the Lonrt of tho traitor is quite subdued, snd ho begs to he reatored to tho woman's favor,—even darea to plead that sho lv with bim to nn cstate Le hing reserved abroad 85 = flnal rofuge. He knecls Lefore hor in_his abject entreaty, and, ss sho epurng him from her with worde of acathing contumoly, the door again uucloses, and the youtl, goming upon the scono, stares in stupo- Taction at the proud, beautiful woman lie ouce and always loved, standing before him with bis friend bowod at hor feob: Quick tho volco changes to astoulshment, “[hen horror, s the youth staps, socs, stid kuows, Tho man who kneit starls up from kneeling, stands Moving no muacle, and confronts the stars, The lady's proud, nals queonliness of ucorn Burlea with one red outbreak throst and brow— Then hor groat eyos, that turned so quick, beoome Inteuser : quall at gaze, not they, Sndced | But wae »ill follow tho story no longer. Wo Lave traced it sufliciently far to show whot vowerful extuations start up In t ; and what ter- rible ogencles of Jove, of scorn, of rovange, of hate and despair, take part fo its evolution, It 18 prolouged to a much groator length, unfold- iog _wtill ‘mora elaborats complications, which we do not attempt to shadow forth, Au outhno done fo palo prosc too faintly roprosonta ihe thnliing drams that Browning delineatos_in s most vivid and glowlog measurcs. For tne satisraction of those who may uot see the poom, wo should gay, peraps, {o & word, that, as tho poet literally tuda ** the curtaln fall,"” it dropa in Tront of the lifeless woman, who has ssen no way oeut of hor miserablo euviroomont but to awaliow sho polson sho urs carriod constsutly about her. As whio hopeleasly confeases ¢ Four years of weel 1nured to the consciou Coiled round by bis Lif But that T have about me, for promyt uss At urgeut need, the |Mn§ Lat * atova the mouth » And siays the vonom T _Bince such need ¥ss now Or never, how should uss not follow need 7 Dut bor betrayer hau dled boforo her, The wroug on wrang ho ploited against victim and friend, in the final hour of their interview, ex- cited tho lattor beyond forbearauco, sud he avenged the wholo ‘with a pistol-ahot. As the 1ast point in the catastropho is reached, the yoice of the youog cousin, who bag been fruit- Jossly seekiug hor lovor, I8 heard outuido the door—aad then the curtain desconds. The ius troduction of an artloss girl on tho bordora of this clarsio sccne hias beon criticieod as & need- loaa Liorror, yet it does not matorially disturb tue road ‘fhe interest centres in the out- raged wo so rolentlessly pursued, aud thers 1s no sym| y to spare for the two who loft hving. Borrow fhat Is pot the fruit of bowevor desolativg, seems, in the cowparison, not worth pitsing ; and we do not care to learn how much of futuro happinoss tho cousius wore able to rescnos from this crushing eplsode in their oxperience. CLIMBING PLANTS ANDYEVOLUTION. Tux MovRMENTS 4¥D HADITS o CLINDING PLANTS, By Citanis Danwan, . 1. 8., ete, Beeond Edition, Reviepd. With Tiustratious, 12m0., pp. 203, Now Yorkt D. Appleton & Qo, ‘The substauce of thus casay tvas originallycon- tributed 4o the Josrnal of the Linnsan Society in ‘wills Llio tongus to piy,— and amsuded form. Biuco Mr. Darwin first pub- lished his obaorvations on Climbing Plaots, sev- ersl distinguished Lotanisia have studied the subject witk painstaking fidelity, iltaminating It with many curious facts not provioualy dincov~ ered. To fmprove tho value of hia paper by In. corporating into it tho lstost informsation gsined by bimsolf and qluers, has Leon the purposo of Mr. Larwinin tho work of ravision; but tha chief object has apparently hesn to spplyits cone clusions anew to tho ques'ion of evolution. In sccumulating tho data on which his eaay i based, Mr. Darwin Investigatod the habits of above 100 widely-dlatinot hving speotes. From our provious knowledge of his mathids of ex- swination, wa may know how nntiont, tirelese, and exhanstive wore hils Inquiries in tho presant stancs, Mr. Darwin divides Climbing Planta into fonr clasges, viz.: Twining Plants, Loaf-Climbers, Tendnl-Benrers, and [ook-and-Root-(!limbera. The first 18 tho largost sabdivinion, and I8 re. garded by bim aa Lhe primordial condition of tha entira tubo. Tho Hook-and-Rost-Climbers are the fowaest in number, and tho teast eficlent of tho wholo. The I.eal-Climbera and Tendril- Bearera properly constimto one division, as they graduato inte ench other, nnd nearly all havo tho romarkable power of revolving spantancons- Iy in the aoarch for objects to clasp, and theroby liftand Lold themeeives np. Taken togather, they far excoad In number Lho ather Lwo classes, a& by tha suporiority of thelr mechanism, thoy Lisvo'boen enabled to ontatrip the simple Twiners and Iook-and-Root-Climbera in tho groat strug- &le for exintenca, Mr. Darwin boileves that plantn possessing tho most parfect appliances for climbing once atood fn tho lowest rank, but. in tho procass of timo, have dovdloped, through the Inflnance of naed snd opportunity, tho advantageous facilities 4hint now enablo tham to nttain olovatton, room, and light, 1w tho most suceeasful mennor,—thnt ts, with the least expenditura of organio watler, He finds o resson for sunposing thet Leafe Climbors woro primarily Twiners fa the fact that tho internodes “of all tho specios revolvo in oxsctly tho ssme manner as thoy do In the Twinors, sud that o fow of tho apccica atill twine well, whilo maoy othora twiuo in an imperfece manner, Sovoral Leat-Climbing gonera arn also closely allled to gouera contalning gimple Twiners. Himilar roasons indicate that tho Tendril-Bear- ors hava doscondod from the Ieat-Climbars. Thesa havo beon greatly modified in structure ainco leaving tho rank below thom ; atill tho in- torundes of the majority 1evolve, and tho flexi- bie stom in & fow sbegica retains the capacicy of twiniog. Tho Leaf-Climbors, as might bo ex- pectod, aro related to the Landril-Boarors na thoy sro to tho Twiners, boiug intermodiate betwean the two classen. Tho grentor portion of Mr, Darwin's mono- Rraph is givon Lo a circamstantint descrivtion of tho various kinds of movenmont extibited by Climbing Plants. Inthodifferant classes thamost diverso organs display nn aptuoss for curving, rovolving, and twibms about ar grasping & snpport,” Stems, Lranches, flower-stalks, loaf- stalks, mid-ribs of tbo leaf and leaflets, and aorial roats, havo doveloped tho capnoity, Tha [:mpnnlan of Chimbing Plants in the vegolable ingdom Is surprisingly large, espocially in Tropical foreats. No less than thirty-five out of the firty-nino alliaucen into which Lindley divides Tlowering plants, includo Loaf and Ten- diil Climbors and Twining Plasta; and to thess aro to be added a fow apecios of the Criptogamis, or lowerlers plants. In conmdering the largo number and the grest diversity of spocies that powscas tho power uof climbing, Mr. Darwiu ox- prossos the opinion that the capacity for ro- volving 18 inherent in almost overy specivg, In conclusion, he remark 1t haw often been vaguely amserted that plants ara diatfuguishod fron anhinala’ by not having the power of movement, It Whould rather be seld that plant acquire oud display thiy power only when it is nome advantage to thewn; this boing of comparativaly rare oceurretice, av they are afixed to tho kround, aud food I brought to them by the ajr and rain, e seo bow bigh 1u tle healz of orgauization a ‘plent may rine, when we louk ot ouo of the more perfact Tendiils Bearers. It first places fta tendrily_ready for nctlon, 44 a pulypun placen 1is tentacula, I tha tendrll Lo displaced, it 18 scted ou by the forca of gravity, and rightn ftaelf, 1t inacted on by tho light, snd Londs towards or from it, or (terrgards it, whicl mont xdvantzgeous, During several d drils or futernodes, or both, apontancous(y revolve with & steady motlon. ‘Thy tendril strikes samo ob- Juct, aud quickly curls round and firmiy gradps i, Tu the coursa of soma lioura, §t contracts futo a spire, draggiug up ilo stom, and formiug an excellent fug, Al movements now cawe, By growth the £8auca noon become wonderfally atrong kud dursble, ‘T'io tendril has dona its work, sud dons it in su ad- mirable manne: THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. RITORY OF THE ARNY OF TiE CUMALALAND, Dy TrostAs B, VX Honst, U, S, A, Tilustrated with Campalgn and Battle-Maps combplled by Epwaro Luurs, late Superintendent Topograpbical-En- gincer Ofice, Ileadquariers Department of the Cume berlaud, Two Volumes snd Atlas, 8vo, Cluciu- | matl: JioLort Qlarke & Cou Oue of tho most valuable contributions thus far madoe to tho history of the War of tho Roe bollion {8 comprised iu these two volumes. Altbough owing their diroct authiorship to Caap- Inin Van Horne, thoy a1e to bo regardodl ns ee- sentially tis work of Gon. Goorge H. Thomas, at whovo request they ware writton, who fur- nished from his *militery journal,” and from the archives of tho Dopartment of the Camber- land, tho groater part of of which they sro composod, who dirccted tho manner of thoir construction, sud who Liad timo to overlook, beforo hia deatl:, soveral of the completed chaptera relating to important cam- paigus to which hie was an actor, ‘The work opons with a reviaw of the sltustion of Kentocky duning tha url{ mouths of the War; and thon, taking up the history of the Army of the Cumborland, which was formed, in tho bogiuning, of logal Keutucky troops, 1t oar- rios tue record on iu chronological order, nntil thoe organization wans dissolved ut the couclusion of the \Yar, Thonarsative 18 claborate sud ml- aute, aud ia abundaotly fortitied with official doc- nmonts that clearly declare their harmonious import, ‘The stylo is diroct and imparti ono whoss simple purposs s to write s **plain, unvarnishod talo,” that shall be neither calored, warped, nor misloading, Such sre the historiea of the recent seotionnl strifo that aro most Bronubla at prosont ; trustwoithy and compre- enmve compilutions of fact, from which the futuro blographera of the momentous poriod— romoved 80 far that thoy enjoy & brosd and com- mandiog viow—may draw with coutidence aod witnout stiat, * ‘The work 18 supplied with every nccomsory to insure {ts completencss, ‘I'ie maps illustrating tho opotationn of the varlous commands of tue Army of the Cumborisnd are bumarous aud very oarofuliv compiled, Thoey cousiiute a valusble feature of the work, SWEDENBORG, Tne BwrpENnond Lisrasr, Edited by B. F. Baarerr, Dearn, RESURRZOTION, AND THE JUDG: m the Writings of EMANUEL HWEbE: Valumo 1., 18mo, pj elfng: 91, Philugelphls : Ciaze Calcago : Janson, Be- Clusg & Co, ‘The **Bwedenborg Publishing Asaociation ™ have planned the iesue of a series of small volumos which slsil present, in a compact and inexpensive form, an eplioms of the theological writings of tha groat Swedish philsophor, The numbars will conwist of extracts from his aystom of doctrine, 80 chosen that i:s mo-t essentisl fos- turos shail be compressed into ten or twelve volumes, The entire wiitingd of Bwedenborg, ocoupyiug twonty-five octavos, are 0o copl- oue to ue owned or réad save by an extromely lumited circle; but thia cheap and noat httle “ Library” fd witbiu the compass of ovory reador, ‘The voluuies are so artanged thas esch {8 cownpleto in itsoif, ‘The ouo beforo us can- taina seloctions ranged undor.mineteon uoparata headings, EXTRAVAGANZA. Tur Trrasvne-Trovk S8cnird, (Tue Croickar Hue MOB T THE GREAT WBIIEKS) EX1BAVAGANZA, 1uno., pp. 200, Hoston : Willlam ¥, Gill Clileago: Jaasen, McClurg & Co, Price, 31, These diminutivo volumos, like tleir proto- Uypes, ** Tho Littlo Classics,” gather botwacn conveulent covera scattared fragments of proso fletion. The current numbor iaclosss eight whimaicsl sketches, tho majority of which are so wildly {mprobanl in concelt thab they merit tho deaignation of * Extray 8 Among thom & Co, wo pote ' BMogcs the Sauay,” by Artomus Ward; #Tno Fate of Young Chubb,” br Max Adoler the Holly-Tree Iun,'S by Dickens ght Princess,” by Goorge '3tacdonsld and *The Legend of tho Lin% Weaver,” b; Eamuel Lover, BICLICAL ALLEGORIES, T PILLow or STON¥S: DIVIRE ALLEGONES 1N T Keggrvat Moo, lly the fiev, Fuax BrwaLt. 1dmo,, pp. 28, Fhuadelplta: J, B, Lip plucots & Co, Tho twelva discourses brought together in this collection aro written by s elorgyman of the New Church who by a gift for translatirg luto plaln, practical lauguage tho raligious theoriea of Swa- denborg. In the light of bis iutcrpretation the allegories of tho Bible oxhiblinow stiractivaness tho materinl | and force of application, Tho author's work has Doon admirably supplomented by tha publistier. 'I'he text I8 printod in largo, opoet lvgo; and the bindiog (s &0 tommed a3 to simulaie the effect of cavors heavily bioged and coruered with gold. A BONG-BOOK FOR CHILDAEN. The Brnpy Bior: A B0OK OF SaNae ror THE Huxe 1aY-8c100% AXD Hoyr, B{ C. \¥, WexnTE and H. B, Prrxins, Now York: Frith, Pond & Co, This work will bo a novsity in tho field whers it Is destined o Lo nend, as it ia mostly come plled from autbors hitherto numought in the formation of einging-books for the Bunday- school. Ita conspicnous featura fe the pres- ence of many beautiful Unrmen melodies, at- tractivoly arranged, yat preserving their original rhythmie besuty. Tho great lsck in our children's rong-bookn is tho natural flow of pure malody. Thbough simple and uupretending, let it be froo and Joyous, and fillod with mesning. Children love to sing, thay il ving, sud moat of thom can ring, Tho opportunity to teach them good monga in the Hunday and the day schools rhould be ime proved, and noue but tho best oollsc- tions ahoutd ba pressnted, All know thap the meladies learned in childhood linger in the momory through life, permanently influancing the tasin and juugment. Henco, poor and senss loss songs should be carefully withhold fram little aces, and only thows which are fine and true—and thero s av shuundance of them— bould Lo prepased for thelr use, ‘I'be Bunny Bide" comprises 133 pages of mu. Forty of the meladios are Gorman, and ars variod and winning, in atsle. Beat- tored through the wors ara aleo mauy pleaa- ing and scholarly compositions by tbo Rev. C. W, Wendte,—s new candidato for popular favor in tho ahildren’s world of song. Tho book, as n whole, may justly be considered an sdvance wpon precediog works of a mmilar character, We truat it may flnd its way toto hundreds of sohoole and homes, where it will help to dre velop a moro healtbful taste. and a highar cone coption of the real meaning of truo welody, BOOKS RECEIVED. Drarren Asvpn; om, THE Tiok o¥ Fatx, By AstaNDA M, DOUO1AR, AULLOF Of T Trust, i ey, . oe, 10moy, pp. 333, ‘Hoston: Wiiliam ¥, 01l & Co, Oblcagat dsusen, McClurg &Co, Price, §1.60, Turne's Ne vace Lixk Jfoyme, DBy Awaspa MM, Douaras, Author of * Drificd Asunor,'! etc,, o 16mo., pp. 480. Boston: Willlam P, Gill & Qbicago: Janeen, McClury & Co, Price, $1,50. Tuz liouy, Cook-Boox: COMPILED FRoM Hrcrers CONTHILUTED BY LADIPA OF CHICAG0 AND OFirm Uiriss AND Towss, Origiually Pablished for the Bonefit of tha Home for the Fiieadless, Chicago, Jamo., pp. 304" Caleago: 3. Yred Waggater, Frice, Tisr LitTie JoANNA: A Nover, By Kayoa Trionre, Paper, New York: D, Appleton & Co, Price, 60 ocuty. My, Lixneu's RAFELE: on, A Cuoncit Fam axp Tra VicTisn: A Huonr 8Tonr, Faper, New York: D, Appleton & Co. 0’22 MoOR AND Fra: A Novst. By Cuamvorrs Watsmsaitast, Author of “ Aunclic ; or, Tha Chroni. des of ollobme” Lmo bm. 412, Philadelphi xlon, Itemsen 8 dnger, Chicsgo: Jausen, McClurg & Go, Price, $i = 4 PERIODICALS RECEIVED, Atlantic Monthiy for Pebruary (1.0, Hotghton & Co., Howton). ~ Codtenta: * Confeamion of St Augi- tine,” by Ellzabeth’ Stuart Dhella; Under Moou aud Blars,” byJ, " o Do Ray A ues Jarmin's Franconeite," by Harriel * To.Morrow," by Fdgar Fawcett) “, dtorary Nightmare,” by Mark Twain; % The Unsoon World," L, by Jobn Fiake; * I'rivate Theatricala,” ¥IIL, by W. D, HMowells; “Icaton,” by Kalph Walda Emeraon “01d Woman's Goastp,” VIL, Ly ¥rances Auno Kemule; #Tho Itsilrusd DeathBata by Charlea Fraucta Adams, ‘e _Gurrency Confilet,” by Jamea A, Gsrfleld; Recent Liters- tiiro,” “Art" «pusfe,’ & Education,” The pale lisbers of the .¢antic auuounce thit the number for March will contatn o atory 1n verso by Mz, T. B Aldrich; an_aruclo on “ Money and Itx §al tutes,” by Mr, Henry Carey DBafrd (belog tho fnfia- tlon #ide of the Currency question); the first part of Astory, “ A Carnival of ltonio,” by the author of 4 A Carnival of Venico:" » paper on The Weleh in Americai?'a eriticwm ou the French novelist, Cliorbuliez, 'by T, 8. Perry: and tho coucluslon of M. Fisko's ousay on ** The Unseen World,” Serdumer's Monthy for February (Scribner & Co., New Yorks, Contents : # New York in tho Revoiution,' Becoud Paper ([ljstratea), by John 1% Mines: ! The Holits Buxt of Maiton "' (Liiustratod), by Clarence Cook : “A Happy Lovor, by L, B, Biwker; % A Hundred Thousaud Hfomes * (IMustrated), by Chinrles Biraard: “Bedn and Tables, Siools and Candle- sticke," Tluird Puper (Hlustrated), by Olaronco Cook; “Philip Nolan's_Friendw; or, ‘Sliow Your Pur portal’ " Chap, V., VI, VII, (Tlustrated), by E. ward Rraratt ifalo? « A'ploce of Gecret iisiory ¥ (11 rlen G, Jones, Jr.; “Eroa " (Poein), < by Joel Liéntor ‘o Ulversity of Michigan™ (11+ lustrated), by Mosss Colt Tyler : “ Ferunndo Noron- Ba * (Ilisntrated), by * Dolta ;* ¢ Famo" (Foum), by Edgor Fawcetl Fortunal ockel,” by Kate Cut- am Orgood: ' Irench Dugla? by " Gamma #Gabriel Conroy.” Chap, XVIL-XXIL, by Dret Harto; * A Poet'a Gon: . Baxa; “ Hevolutio Jobiu Vanoe Cuene Progress ™ “Tho World's Wora ;"' ' Brlc.a-Brac, GuluZy for Pebruary (ucldon & Co., Now York), Con- *tents: “Afidcap Violet,” Chapters TIL and_IV.. by Willlam Black; * Homelulers in tho Engifsh Par- Uament, " by Justiu McCarthy; “Anna Heitard aud 3aJ. Audre: An Obs. ure Leaf of History,” by Heze- Xiak uttarvocil; w1 " by L, G, W, 3 .+ Bul- ¥ i i clile,” by Albert’Rhodea; * Transformation,” by XNora Perry; * Parms and Bologna,” by M, E, W, 8,5 “Reauren Dale Part 1L, Caapters VIIL and IX, { Part I11., Chapler I, by H “Tho Tradition of 'Conquost,” by Mrs, 8, 3, I, Plats; * stinor French Novelists,” by H. James, dr.; social and Domestlo Life Under ine Ancient Reglme,” from the forthcom| Zaine, tranalated by J, Duran Marian Doglan; “ Harberry)” vy Jane G, Auitin: A Word or Two on Emerson.” by John Burronghu ey Reductioa " * Drifl-iood," by Phillp Guli: o Holentifio Miscollany " 8""; ** Nobule:," by the Edltol Livomedt's Magazine for February (4, B, Lippincott & Co., Philsdelphin), Contents: * The Oentury: 1ta Froity sud Us Festival.—11 American Progresa " (iinstrated) s ¢ Up the Thamen 7 (Concluding Paper —IHustrated), by Edward 0. Bruce; “The M ““Current Litera- ) ‘et Pen,"by ¥, A, Hilliard; *Bkotches of india," (Hlhintrated); ¥ Fea Aloyalus® by Emme Luzarn # A Fow Houra iu Bbhemia, st Professor and Teacher,” by James Morgsu Hert 4 Contrasted Moods,” by Charlotte F, Batvat_* Tug Atonement of Loam'Dundas " (Chaps, XXL,-XXIV.), by Mrs. E. Lyno Linton; * Letters from South Affi’ " L, by Lady Dirker; “On Hankots Head,” by Eduat . Galag ¥ At the O1d Piantation,” I1., by Robe crt Wilson 4 Our Monthly Gossip;* Litarature of the Day.” Cutheire iorld_for Fobrusry (Cthiolio Pubillcation House, New Tork), Contents: * A Bequel of the Gisdstono Controversys *Ara You My Wifet" *'The Story of Evsngeline in Frose:" “ The Patfent Qburch ** (poetry): * Bir Thomas More * Prinf. tive Oivilizationi”? * Madawne Experiment:” * Tue Basques;” ‘“Thbe Etornal Years;' * Misslons in Mains from 11} to 183 “Rutsis and tho §t, Nwhouae for February (Seribner & Co., New York). ‘Amoug the contrtbuiors are Noh Brooks, Lucy Loroom, ¥anuie Boper Fendge, J, 7. Trowbridge, Dayard Taylor, and Susan Coohidge; and thers aro about forty illustrations. 4. Durdetts Stath's Monthly Torld of Fashion for Jannary (New York), Academy—Corrent numbers (Robert Scott Walker, London, Eug.). Iagas Living Age—Ourrent numbers (Littll & Gay, oston). Ayvietons’ Journal—Current tumbers (D, Appleton & Co,, New York), Avacrican Journat of Mierotcopy for January (Handle eraft Poblication Company, New York). Amencan_Journul of Medical Scienses — Sanuary (ifenry O, Len, Philadoiphis), Desk-luyer 10F January (Seribger & Co., Now York),e Alta California’ Amanac for 1576 (Ssu Francisoo) Giooa for January (Budslo), MUDIE'S8 CIRCULATING LIBRARY, I want this woek (esys the Loudon corre- wpondent of the Boatou Globe) to visit Mundie's circulating library, Mudie's name s a houses iold word, snd his booka nre found in almost every drawing-room throughout Lungland ; and, 1 may safely eay, thore {a no shop to London whero a0 many carrisges draw up in & dsy as st thia immense establishment. Mr, Mudle, Jr., very kindly showsd us tarough tho labytinths of books, Tho lower floor entrauce lv through s flue hiall supported by Ionic colamns, nnd sup- vorted by light iron galleries, which gives access to upper rooma and shelves completely filled with reservo volnmes, from which supplies are drafted for the down-stalr saloone, ‘The friond whoaccompanied me could romem- ber when Alr, Mudie waa advised to keep dupli- cate coplesof his mout popular works,—a risk bho hiardly liked to vonture on. Now, however, bo has thousands of copies of one kind, Wa desconded fntothe cxtacambs, where are streots of books wrapped in thoir brown-paper cero- meaty. Theso are books that lLave seen much of the world, havo been read andreread. Thoy sronot doad, Lut likely to Le rosuscitatod in casa their authors put out new works that be- come popular; thon they riso sgain, ke tho nuue _{n * Hobott lo Diablo,” snd swing arouna for a lively space with renswed lire, sitor which thoy gonerallv come outina new Lr!ghl dresa, ‘ml\)d l:m » Yoyago to the culonics for garyison- o8, ! :‘?uzllln not only sends out bonks by tho dozon, but by hundreds, Wholo libraries aro dlspatched, aud chanped as often ss requirad. opor part of {ne building is used as aninfirmary, whera brokon books “anq iacoratod {nmide: skilifolly aud succcsstully treated, and they cowe down, to all ap , 88 good as now, o 1u & groat sutoerat in his way, and the fato of sy books i8 decided by him.” Publishors send | to liim to ask Lox manycopies ho wiil take of an uvpuuhiahicd work, and i answer often desidos taetarms betsveon asthor and publisher, Authors caure lm, publinkers refor to him, and Lis pa- trunaze s of gre.t value to both, Thersars nnver more Lhan ous-third, or one-fairth even, of the books rneived at oue time, Were all {o coma at once, It would take a bouss larger thau the Massachunotts State- flousn Lo stors them, se they numbor more than ano Liilion volumos, It must not ba supposed that thin grast library ia constituted on the principln of swaller ones, whose obial eiraulation is of = novels and light litersture. Tust clasn of reading nearcely amouots to ono-third of the circulation, The great majority aro books of travel, sdven. tures, acientifio works, b(tzrnphv,hluwry. hooks of llustration, of art, and, in fact, everything thatthareadiag public conld wish for, Mudse touk £.900 copien of Taunysou's new poom, * Quenn Mary,” Novels, a8 a rula, are ratier shore. lived, but many ero atandard, and the intereat hordly lags, 8, far fustance, Waltar Scott, Diok- ens, and Thackeray. Tue damand for their workn is alwaye great. No doubt Goorgs Eliot in tho writer moat in power to.day, and the de. mand for her hooks in Englaud excoeds that of any otber author. Tha subscribera gencrally changa thoir boska orver the counters, which are arraugad alphaboti- cally, and one can imagino what a buatle thora mnsat Le, considering the fact that about 2,600 changon aro mado ench day, ropresenting about 6.000 yolumes. Suburban customers sra sup- plied by cart ; winla those in the country have thelr oWwn private boxes, bolding from sixto 200 volumes. Iundreds of theee boxes are recelved and oxchenged ench day. A TWO-THOUSAND.DOLLA® HYMN-BOOK, Burnbam, tho antiquarisn Lookseller of Hos- t8u, Liaa & collection (says the SpringGeld Repub- lican) which ho Istely bought st Dr. Bburtlefs auction, But bo did not aucceed in capturing tbo ** Day Psalm-Book,” which would hava sold for 91,600 or 2,000 it the Old-Sonth Deacona s not withdrawn it from the sale, by thoaid of tho Bupreme Court. The growth in vrico of old hooks is well iilastrated by thia example of the Bay Dsalm-Baok. Old Dr. Princo loft his library to the Old Bouth Church, containlog five or eix copies of this work, which was one of the tirst books printed in Now En- gland, and wss from the pross of Ntephen Dave, tho first collego-printer at Cambridgo, who wax brouglit over fiom England by Mr., Glover, whn set up his prioting-press st Harvard Coliegein 1680, Although a rare bnok, {t had no great pecuninry value thirty years ago, srd coples could bave bean bought for #39, pertinps, Ong of tha first to obtain a covy from the Old South Deucon by barter was Edward Crowninshield, at whoro gale, somn years afterward, it was found that tbo Dritrah Sluscum was a bidder for thia pasticalar book, and go: it at a fabulous cost,—perhays £100 or £195, This instantly put up the price of all otber coples, includ- ing Dr. ShurtleMs, which ho had bought for what was thoo & reasonablo compeosation, pay- 10 for it not in_money, but in other booke. Hw title to it witl probably o fonnd wnim- peachable, but porbaps his family may compro- mino tho matter by giving it up to some library without n wale 2% auction. Harvard Collego wanuts it, and oaght to have it: the Boston Public Library also wants 1t, to make one more in the list of rura books of which it bas moro thau ouo copy. ] LITERARY NOTES. ;, Tho Overland Monthiy has been discontinued. * Anothior morisl by Anthony Trollope is bsgun In Temple Bar for Javuary. M. Littre is revisiag tho proofs of a nerw edi- tion of his French Dictionary. Goscho's new edition of ‘Lerelug's works lu at Iast completad, in eight volumes, A number of lotters sddressed by Goethe to Cotta bave been discovered at Stattzart, Florenco Marryat's (Mrs, Lioss Church) now novel, * Hidden Clains," is now out in Lon- don. A parrative and descriptive poem on the Holy Lond, by Herman Molviile, is in press by G. I DPutnsw’s Sons. Augnstus Mavhew, who, with his brother. Henry Majhow, wrote soveral works popular in their time, has just died in England, Viallot-lo-Duc's noxt hterary work wilt bo call- ed **The Histors of tiio Habitation of Men from Prehistorio ‘Limes to tus Presant Day,” Viclor: Hugo is dividing bis timo hetweon & now vaiume of varss and s ciotemplated proso work, Lo bo called * L'Arc d'Etro Grand-Pere.” The_Ausirinn Government, it i3 saidi has of- fered Max dMullor o Professorsliy in tho Univer- vity of Vienua, stlowing bim a freo choice of subjocta for hus loctures. A ney edition of the complete worlk of Shel- ley, which ia 8oon to be published 1 LonJon. wifl be edited by Mr. Buxton Forman, & crisical easayist of some roputstion. A Doston publishing houso is adout ts bring our o Aatiriesl poom ~entitled ** Dulluese,” in which tho hying poeta are pickled iu etrong vin- egar. Thoe authorship is eald to be s profouad searet, . Tho Menu is tha titlo of a new London daily, which will provide dinners at clubs, hote's, aud restauraots with bills of faro, and also with au epatomo of the day's news, aud the opinions of the morning pross. Prof, Moses Coit Trler is at work upon his handbook of American Literature, but it will not bo ready for publication till the fall. It will bo capecially full iu ita treatment of oarly Amencan literatare. A volume of Steclo’s Litherto uncollceted pa- E:,n. long siuce aonouuced, entitled * Tho ver, and Other Miscollanion,” edited by the lato J. E. Babsog, will soon be issued by Lee & Bhepard, of Bosaton. In oxamining the paversof the late George Groto, bis widow baa founn a romarkable essay, oxbibiting the bistorfan's opinions of Ariatotio as A moral teacher, This, with other posthumous papors, will soon bo published. A work on *‘Tho Battlea of the Resolution, by Gen. Carrington, sonjor Colonel. of the regu- lar army, will bo published soon by A. 8, Darnow & Co. It will bo of povular and military mter- cat, and will contain plans of all the battles, from sutveys made by tho author, Dr. Tyndall's work on “Sound” has boen transiated into Chineso aod published at the oxponso of the Chincss Goverament, 4o that the translation ju now sold in Cbina at the mero cost of tbe papsr and prioting, uawcly : 480 eapper * cash,"” or abont 40 veuts per copy. Thomas Bailey Aldrich s iatroduced to the Fronch_publio with bis *8tory of a Bad Doy " caronsly disguieed, by & juvemile magazine or Paris, which anuounces among Its sctractions for the pew year, * Tno History of an American Behool-Bay, ~ tranalated frow: the Enjlish of ‘Thomas Belay Aldrich.” Au important contribution 10 politieal litera- tore has been writteu by an Indiaua liwyer, B. W, Thompson, and will bs frwued by Harper & Bros. 1t deals with ¢ Political Romanism,"” and givos & historical study of thie interlerenco of the Papacy with civil governinent in Enrupean countries, Tho work will make an ortavo of 703 pages. Prof, Malaffy, says the Acarldemyy, is still oo« cupled with **Ancient and Mod:tn Greeco." fin primer on ** Life in Old Graeco," fu Mr, Greon's serios, 19 in pre<s, sod hs liss sunonnced n eeries of loctures next term on nta travels in Grooco, which will afierwz.sd be published, with illustrations, by Messrs, Macmiilan., A larger and more important work on * ‘i Litorature of Auncient Qrooce"—a grost wart—Is anuounced 08 in proparation by Messra. Loungman, Tha anuual reviow of **Cout inental Literatara in 1875, 1 the London dthe nwunt. was written by Emile do Laveloye antd 1'sul Fredorieq for Belgium, J. Durdik for Poberma, Ad Ilanssn for Donmark, Gusiave Mazson for Francs, Rubott Zimmerman for Gormany, A. O, Loftelt for Hol- fand, Armiuins Vamuery foe Iungary, Angelo Do Guberusiis for Italy, 1., Daar for Norway, Eugens &:h\lylur for Russis, A. I'opovic Zub for Servia and Croatin, sud . F. Riano for Spain, “Thoreview Glia twonty-otio pagos of the Athe. e, fomo timo ago, two Loudou thieves vut In practico a plan of robbing u jowelsr which Lad hoen deseribed 1 & slory 1.u & popular poriodical, —a pieco of pure inveutiou. The jowder wan tarious (Lo lost 240,000, 80 It was' excusable), wrote to tho oditor of thiy magazine, wakiug hins (it was his wiseion to i untrict thievos i pow of plundoring the rublio. Aly dear wir," replied the editor blandlv, * i€ you hud tukou in 1y periodical (which L ‘ope i future you will do), you would have beet: put upon your guatd. 'This comey of negleclit g tho claims of liera- ture,” A solemn English owl haa writton 8 boak In- touded to brang * bear t-casinz Mirth,” as Mil- ton calls ber, into distoraate, In thra malancholy work tho great Eoglwh pont iy tskon to task for Lie sin fu not ouly “*cncoursgivg mirth, but prastitnting his talents to the propagation of oosa principlee and! tho encouragement of licontious m{;ou, as1n L'Allogro, fur instaoco, whoso opening pasar.ge is callod “an allanng {ncentivo to dobauchrjry,” and *‘seduclog in- vitation so the indalgenco of the gromsent, tha most vitinting, the most brutifying of all tho sensual appetites.,” ——— FAMILIAR TALK, THE ISRAELITES IN EUROPE, An article {n the Spectator, based upon s vol- ume of '*HBkotches of Anglo-Jawish History " by Mr. Picclotti, contains somo novel and curlous information regarding the Israclites in Europe, that will prove intereating to American readors. It meems, from tha account given, that the Jews of Europe, although tracing their anceatry back to the same peculiar pecplo sel mote antiquity, and &lthough aiike jeslos in rreservicg the purily of their race, are, never- theless, divided fnto two quite distinct factions or scpta, corresponding 1o an upper and a lower casto, Tha flrat, called In modern Hebrew the **Beplardim,"—a term literally meaning Span- {ards,—includea the Jewa of the Mediterrancan, Spaciards, Tortuguese, Itsliang, sxud Levant. inen; nnd the eecond, denominated tho * Aah- kenazim," embraces tho German and Polish Jown, Mr, Picciolti hinta that the diatinction grew outof the superior sociat position which the Bophardim enjoyed In Southern Europo, where, In tho cosaession of high office, thay dovoloped 8 prido of raunk as well e of lineage, and camo to conslder with contempt the ** Ashkenazim,' or Jews of the Norih, who wero generally en- raged in trado ona small ecale, oo account of untoward circumstances. Tho writer in tho Spectalor regards tho division rather a4 tho roe sult of 70 quito diferant facts,—**fizst, that tha Jaws, separate as thoy are, can catch tho extes nal lmpress of any, civhlzniw, iacludiog batreda.—do pot tho Sephanhim eall the Ashien- azim *Todesco? ' that is, * Tadesco,’ tho epithet by whichh & Venetian or 3ilancse describes & German ?—and, secondly, that a Jew in the Med- iterranoan bad a0 much more sympathy with bis entertainers. had so much less 1o conceal or to simulate, that he of necessity dovelosed more lr-]*;-ly the nobler and more natiiral sido of him- sl 1o that sa it may, the division between tho two partiea has boeu iu past times very bittor,— the Sephardim holding themaolvos ad the aris- tocracy of the raco, and being strongly hated in consequence by the Asbkennzim. ~Although many of tho most notod of modern Jews, as the Rtctusenildy, Galdumids, Cohens, and Leovis, bo- Joug to tho latter mept, thera is, to the present dar, & percoplible fooling as of figher birth ate taching to the members of the Sanhodrim, It is even pretonded that only amonp thenn last is found the distinetive look of the Oriental Jews. Itidpot yot 920 years rinco the first com- munity of Sepinrdim settled {u Englaud, and so few of them remained permancntiy that their very names, with ono or two exceptions, have becomo extinet. In the time of Qaeen Anne, » considerable number of this eclans had taken wp thar abode in tho counfry, and wero making their names famitliar on 'Change. Toward tho Iast of tho seventeenth century. reprosontativas of the Ashkoaszim bogau to muitiply i England, sud sinco then they have outuumbered their rivals, Their firet indepoudent synazogue wan established in 1722, through the liberalits of loaea of Breslan. The difforences betsreen tha tvo communitiea are gradually dyiug out i Englaud,—tho chief distinction stiil apparent beiog in their pronun- ciation of the Hebrew. They maintain separate synagogus, yet elect s common Cominitteo of Management, ‘Tho matusl digliks betwaen tho clanses was 80 exiremo in the days of Anno that, ss Bir. Piceiotti rolatos, Portuguese did mnot allow the Germins to lLave any ebare iu the _manacement of cougregational offalre. It wag es- vecially “emacted {hat tha lattor, who prabably wers neither very refinod nor very eul- tivated, should not be allowed to Lald ofice in the synagogue. nor vote at meelinge, nor be callod tothe Law, nor receive Mitzooth (religions honors), nor make offerings, nor Py imoosts. ‘Tho Uermasus, in point of fact, woro treated ns beloogina to a lower casts ; and tho only funo- tions that & momber of that nativnality was per- mitted to fulfill wers tho usoful, albeit Jowly, dutics of a bosdle, which woro actunlly intrust- to & Germag,—n cortain Beujamin Lovr., ‘I'he marrisgdof oneof the Sephardim with one of the Asukenazim was regarded o & _disgraco to the for: body. 1o one instasce cited, thal of Mr, Jacob Isracl Bornal to o Germaa Jewess, in 1744, his congregation rave their consent : vet, *todiscoursze for the fu- ture snch il-advised connoctions, impos- rathor hu- oDy, ther the mambera of the Beth-Din, nor the Hazaoim (mivirters), wero to be present at tho solomuization of tho marriago ; the bridogroom wam not to bo called up to the Law iv that capacity: no offeringa, or *mgsheberach,' were to bo made for his heaitn ; and no celebratiou of any kind was to takn place in aynagogue. Nons arons change foul orla.” Tho Jaws, who, in the land ‘of thur birth, had no - furnames, liave assumed them as they found it convenient. in the conn- triea to which thoy ymigrated. Often they toolk the ama of o protactor, as in Portu- gal, where Jows_bors the mam3s of Lopez, Gomez, Villareal, Medizs, ete, Or they borrowed the title of & propertv, as in the casn of the d'Aguilars; o thst of their trade-sign, as the Rothacbilds; or of a city whoro they dwelt, as Breslausr. do Worms, and Perugia. Frequently the namo giveu &t birth was transformed with et changes tnto a suruame, in which way Manasseh became Massens ; Moses, Mosa; Eli, Eliis; end Levi, Lovison, Lever, Lewes, Lews, ued ko on. Notwitbstanding the accucation of proselytism under which the Jews havo everywhera suf- fered, they not only never try to make converts, bat are unwilllug to receive them. In England, prosalstiziog has besu sinctly forbidden by the rules of both tue Portnguess and tho German nyasgogues, Thov aro always reads to receivo back to their fold descendants of Abraham who Lavo beon temptod to abjure their faitn, but they do not dosire to take fo persons of an alien raca, And, much ns the Jews dislike proselytizing, they dislike apostasy more, and the arttempts of Christians to win them from Judaism are bitteriy abhorred, LITERATURE IN RUSSIA, During the year 1875, 3,141 boaks were pub- liebed Sn Russis, Tlie numbor includes peme- phiata, school-books, apera-librattos, second edi- tions, trenslations of foroign boos, dream and song boaks, almanacy, fairs-tales, and **penny- awfals.” In summing up the valus of this large accession to the literaturo of Russis, s roviewer in the Athenzzum doclarca that very little of it baa sterkog merit. No work has boen pub- lished," mays the suthority quoted, *which has stirred to its depthn pablic apinion, or which Lias turned it in & new direction,—nothing which, by any possibility, could bo laoked upon sa tha bar- binger of & mewor botter pariod. . . . OCa tho coutrary, sens of deterioration ssenm to be moro maaifest than tokons of' improvement. Publio opinion appears to be lower ; tho material has sprarently gained on the intelloctual ana spiritual.” Evory year, books aro produced by Rusgiso autbors” which tho censorsbip il not to pass thiough tho pross or to eoter tho country, ~Among those that havo boen thun condemned, and therefare published abrosd, daring the psat’ year, are thres of groat shility and importance. “'Thoy are named as followa: * Our Situatio Kashelof, s prominent Iussian statosman ; + Landsd Property in Russis™ by thoe «ame au- thor; and **Ravolutionary Couservatism," by Guril Snmarinsud F. Dmitnief. VoworEn- glisl boolm have fallen undor the ban of the couxos than of moy other lauguage. Yot nearly evory journal, and works hike ‘' Chambera' Eu,-. cyclopodia® and laydu's ** Dictionsry of Dates, lave pagas or paragraphs blotted out, *Tue Idontity of Primitive Chnstlanity sud Modern Spiritusligm ™ is in tho Jist of books utterly for- bidden admission fnto the country, N-MANUFACTURING IN (RELAND. Al"l‘t?nsllmu of the potato-famino lu 1514, all the linen wmanufactured in Iroland was wovon apon Liand-loormw, Hieam-power Liad been in use ‘for Lialf & cen.ury in epiommng flaz ¢ but tha ides of applying 1t to machivery for weaviug tha fbre, although undor discussion, had not yet beon demonairatal, sud many, maulacturera wore of thio oplaion that it could never be made praoueal. Only a sear or twoafter this fifty vowor-looms wero in succorsful operation, and to-day ths number s estimated at 50,000, Groat as hias been tho yevolution wrought in this indastry by tho iutroduction of stoam, snd ‘numerous xa are tho factorios whose din of fising shuttles snd twitling whoooly |4 Leard In Ulster, tho hand- loom hias not yet bocome cutirely obeolete. Ia tho heart of the weaving diutrict, batween Bol fast and Armagh, & poriion of tho pessautry etill tind omploymout in their own homes in the mun- ufacturo of houn. lu womo paris of the Countica of Down, Ar- magh, and Aotrim, the haud-loom s busily plied {u almost evertvdeu'.ugu, ‘The pesuantry of thin rogion differ widely in many respocts from the pulation ju other -vares of Irclsnd. Thoy are ‘dwmmm {rom Scotah sad Evglish eottlors, aod are for the mont part Proteatanty, affac. ing the Prebytorian form of faith, Theyareau Inde- Fundnt. thrifty, fodustrions c'ass, having ‘tha ntelligenco and ths conrtsous mainers that ‘ac. ‘| company ealf-reapect and kindly fesltag, Thers i8 but Nittio of the Irish brogue in their accent, sod thalr language la ganeraily eany mnd correcte ly dellvered. ' Their tottages are poor, having low rooms and oarthon flsorm, but they walcama: the visitor with n polits greeting, and answer his ipquities cordislly. In the room devated to weaving, the children, as well as the prionts, have thoir placos at the fjooms, aod Iabor with tho diligence and ateadineas of o their sentnra, Heavy sud wide linen goods ave all manofactared by machinery, only narrow wobs of damaak and eambyjc being donse on the band-leom, As tho children purste thotr task at wreaving or preparing the flax for freah webs, they gonsrally have an open book befora them, from whicn "they study lassons, or con ballads and tales. Ton yeara ago near'y all the bobbins used Io weaving wero wound by hand, aod this glvo omployment to the older and younger mem- ars of tho family for whom heavier work way unfit ; but the bobbina aro now given ont -with the wool, ready wound by machinery. ‘The hnon-trads in Ulator 1n slowly raviving from tho aeprogsion it Lan eulered during tha pant fow years, and dirsctly after our late War, thero was a'frreat demand for fabrics m#de from flax; and the many fortunes rapidl? won In their manufacture cauged tha indnstry to bo ovorworked. \When cotton rasumed its place again, and lincna wers less called for, thero were numerous failures in the trade ; Lt the manufacturera who wero abla to weather the slorm are now enfoying a surs and improving prosperity. ITHE BOOK-TRADE AT THE CENTENNIAL. The current wamber of tho American Book- seller presenta the plan for tha exhibition of the Ametican Dook-1'ade at the Centennial Exposi- tion. Tho space atlotted on the gronnd-foor fs quite inadequate, bewng ooly 117 feot long by 32 feet 6 inchoa wide ; dut it hoa been doubled by the ercelion of & second story, resting npun columng 12 fect high, and divded into s setien of handsome pavilions. The cases for book will uecuoy both the gronnd floor and the flogr above. Broad atalrways will lesd to the wocond story, angd from this elovation the best view of the entiro Expouition wili be obtained. Many of the leading publishors have already sscured room for n displsy of theit productions, Meests, Hurd & Houghton ; Ivieco, Blakeman, Taslor & Co.; A. 4. Darnos' & Cn.; James R. Osguod & Co. 3 G. & C. Merrinion, will accupy tha contro pavilion alona; . Apploton & Co. wiil uso most of tho weu! end: ani Bostcn and Phila- dolpbia firms will hold tho cast end. It iy expected that 8 number of foreign exhibitors will contond for the prizes ; bauco the compee tition will indace American pusiishers to show only their cholcest worl ROMAN ANTIQUITIV'S. ‘ Lato excavations at various polats In Romo hiave brought to light o number of abjects of an- | tiquarinn intereat, Near the monn:uent of Bi- nervaMediea, theraliave been foand the paintinga adorniog & colum bary, which are belleved by ex- perta to be of tho Augnstan age, sud of much value to Science and Art. In preparing for the foundation of thecentral haltin tne Consetvas tory Palace at the Capitol, a pround-plan was discovered that is supposed to bo that of the Tomple of the Capitoliua Jupiter, to which Dyonislus gase & surface of 4,000 faet. In tho eame ploce, & largo column, which seems to ba- long to tho Tempie of Jupiter Opumus Hazie ‘mus, was also nocovered. MERICAN BJOKSELLER.” Tho American Bookseller's Guide bas enfargal its proportions, assumed a frosh dress, and ex- Whilo cotton was scarca during * changed itw old namo for taat of the American Buokscller, Buck improreraents in old friends nre acreeable, oy thoy botoken prosperits anl a laudable ambition, whilo they give renowel romise, nain tho present cage, that thero sbll e no changa in tho characler, savo in the wa y o fuller and better developmont, - SPARKS OF SCIENCE, PENNY-LECTURES. For wany years, & courso of chenp srisatific Jooturos has beon annually snstained witis dis- tingaisbed succees iu Manchester, Birmiuztinm, and other citics in England, The lectures i JManchester were instituted nino years ugn{_ Drof. Roscoo, who wished to waken the minde of working mon to tho value of scizutifl trutha by weans of aimple vet exact discourses, iliustrated by appropriate experiments and diagrams. The attempt was splendidly rewardeéd from tho first, —an avorago of 1,000 persond baviog attended each lecturo. T'o widen the eircle bonofited by oo lectures, they are reported verbatim, and published at & penny anlece. From 5,000 to 10,+ 600 copies uro soon disposed of, shils the do- mand for back numbers is sleadily maintainea. The lcctures dslivered in connection with the ANidland Institate, at Birmingham, yosrly attract immenss audionces, composod mostly of &re tisans. They were begua ninotoon years ngo, ae wo learn from a history of the enterptiso givon in Nalure, by Mr. W, Matthica Williams. The Instituto commoncod its work In October, 1854 with throo classos for workiogmou,~one \fo1 Pbysics, meeting ou two oveniugs per week one for Che:mistry, aleo two eveningy ; aud oun ou Popular Physiology and the Laws of [Iaalth, beld ou one evening. Duriap tho, first courau tle attendance oxceedod ecpectation; bat, dur- ing tho progress of the sezond and tuird courses, thore wad a gradual diaunation of numbors, It being the oOpject of those clages to fur- nish sound instructlon, Mr. Whliams re- solved neither to slorten wnor populanze them in order to iuvite attpodasce. Ho choge tho wiser eoxpediont of founding & seriea of public lectures of = light and sensa- tional characier, that should call together the multitude, among wiom Lo hoped enough might be induced to undertake thorough study to keep his rogalar clasaes ful, The tirst coursn of twelvo ** enoy-Lectures ™ opened in Januars, 1350, and through tho eutirs serios tbo locture-thestro was crowded. As boped, tha lecturcs fed the Scicuce-ciagsos, *which, without such shiment, would kave been starved zua oxtinguished in ihefr infancy.” The Penny-Lectures led to ** 'enny-Readings " and theso, again, were foilowed Ly Penny-Arith< metio and other classes, which have accom- phahed much good work in tha education of the workiog peoplo. Mr, Williams confesses. at the clogo of Lia account, he practiced several amall illezitimato devicea to keop his audioncos togetnor,—* ome cue pocially covied from tho yonng ladv who oc- capied *1he Thausand aod One Nights,'—that of leadlng the subject up Lo somne amuvng e3- pariment juse at tue end of the loctu, od then discovering that it was timo to conclude,” and therefore that tho experimont mont bs eho 1 next Tuoaday, Tho swall boys who occuplod the front soats and apulauded all the explusions . soon found me aut, but they camo next weck nevorthelesa; and somo of theds who “ut” first waro blud-iire pupila only, ultimately jolned the clasyes and hocamo satiaiactory stndenta.” The vaioablo ends accomplishud by thess Isctarey Justify Mr. Williams' conclusion thint *the Pén- ny-Lecturer wbould not bo too rigldly regardral {th amusing naivete, toat of his own Aciontilio dignity, bt Larnumize tn * soms eitent, when' hio can tuerdby towands the high objoct he seoky to ntt THE TROGONS, A Mr. John Gould, tuo autbor of several eplen- aid works i tho department of Ornithology, has brongLt out & second odition of s ** Mouu- graph of the Trogons." 3 publlehed in 1838, snd, slnco it lesue,” twelva new species of the Trogonidie have beon discov~ ered. ‘Thosoare now added to the pumber pro- vioualy described, making in all forty-six species kown to Belencs. Life-size picturcs of tha whole numbor, esrefully drawn snd beantifully colored, embolliwh Mr, Gould’a magnificend volume, T'ho Trogons aro Tropical birds of small slza but of excoeding besuty, They ival cven the Lumwing-birds fn the brilliaucy of their plame sge. Shades of emeral-green, of motallic Justre, are toutrasted, in the sott, 1ax - foathere, with crimsons aud goldon-yellows, forming a dazzling radisnce of color, The Trogous love quiet and sotitude, and confine themuslucs to thashado ot the foreat, whera thoy it motionless, except ad oy dart out with & ewift, short flight, atter the pasding inseota on whicn they food. They ora foublo tiyers, theit wings being uhiort and routd-~ od. 'Tho tail-festhers are loug aud broad, sud, curling gracofully, form & very orusmental ap- jeudago, Ve erapccios are widoly diffussd aver tho Trop- feal rogion of both Lonuspheres, but, like tla parrots, thoy chiedy abouud in the Weatera d. Turty-thres apeciow sre found in Cous tral and Bouth America, eloven in Asia snd cos tiguousislauds, aud twoin Africs. Dr. Coneadu- weribos one specles, tho dexican Trogon, thak extouds a8 far north sa the Valley of the Ric Grande. [t i3 & gorgeous bird, with s mantls of Tho frst editlon wus” goldeu-groen, barred with black, edgod With - wbite, clasped 8t thy throat wita 8 suowy collar; o s 53 - T e YO