Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 11, 1875, Page 2

z THE CHICAGO inal Manning, Bir Joho Lubback, Mr. Francis Galton, Mr. Fraleric farrison, Prof, Max Mul- fer, an1 Mc. Llewellyn Daviea. Cardinal Man- *‘Pope Innocont 11, and tho Magos Ch Mr. Galton on o Thoory of Heradity,” aud Mr. Iarrison discuseen **The’ flc.; ligions sud Conservativo Aapects of Pasitivism. Frof. Maz Mulier traats of **National Edncation 8.t inand it might be,” and Mr. Llawetlvn Da- vies' contribution is the firet of two articles on Blothodiem. Many yoars ago (aave tho New York Tribune), Prof, Louglellaw contomplated wnaing a collec- tion of espressulative Christmas litorsturo. 1lo athared much matarial for such a publication, fiut did notbing mors toward it, until, learniog that suother editor was at sork in tho eame field, he genorausly placed tis gleaniogs at tha service of the lattor, Mr. Phulip_Gates, of tis eity, 1lin book, ** Cliriatmas in Song and Yiory, will be publiehed tmmed.ately by Jfames Cock- roft & Co,, in a largo red-line qunito,. with bundred illustiationa by Foster, Dore, and oth- ers, AL 87. The posms selected numter about fifLy, from a wido range of poets, lod, of coirse, by Milton, and theso ars aupplomented by 02,0 Christman skolches in proas, iuclading that “Chriganaa Carol,"” without which Christinaa Itwelf would nsw asem incomplete, and pioces Irviug, Auctbach, and Aadersen. Thackarn) “The Lod of the Pisy ™ properly conciudes i ~olume, ———— FAMILIAR TALK, VEGETATION OF PALESTINE, TFrom Dr. Van Lennop's recent wotlk upon ¥ Bible Lands," noticed In another column, we Rlean much of the matorial need in the followiug shketch of tho vegetation of Dalestine, It is probable that in rues past \Western Asin was covered with forcsts like thoss which abound in other portions of tho continent at tho present day, but beforo the date of the Old “estament parrstives they biad many of them disappeared, leaving latgo tracts of hill and plain oven to the gruw:h of verduro and the cultivation of food- rlantn, Groves etill crowned many of ths hill-topn &nd thick wooda clothed the mountrin sides in the fays of Solowon ; but at the begmmey of the Chaistian era, a3 now, thera wan doubticas a geanty aupply of wood in all the ¢ ountry, Tho whole of Westeru Asia is at this time nearly destitute of trees, save theao which bear fraits and those whick are pianted by tho graves of the dead, or which stand solitary snd aro protected for the eako of their shade. Fucl is po scarco that treea which do not furnish nuste. nancz for man are everywhero out down to Lo Tnrnod: nono are planted, cared for, aad aparod 1. addition to thoso mentioned abore, excopt the poplar, whose tall, stralght tiunk makos it precions for honee-bumiiding. 'Towne, villages, and hamlets are always built near some river, woll, or apring, whose watera will supply the in- habitsuts for domostia purposes aud the rrigs- tion of their lands, but strects and houscs aro genaally without the ornament aud sheler of trees of zuy fond. Tho gaidonu are usnally sit- uated fu the vrecinct immediatoly surrounthng thoe villages, Outaide of theas are the vineyards and friit-orchards, and still beyond lio tha cnli- vated fields, that are buron and desolate whon tho crovn have Loen harvestod. The gardous natered by aruficial moans aro greon turoughont the yoar, affording au cndless Bucceesion ol projucts. ‘The most abundatt vegetable is the boan, sevoral varieties of which sre raised to ba oaten both green and dried. Teus of large 8.zo are cuitivatail, but are used only when dried. Beols, turnips, carrols, ra- ishos, okra, egz-plant, tomatoes, squashen, and calbagos aro grown of & tino qualiy. Lettuce parsloy, mint, and berbe aro i great favor, and lentils, »hich form & nounshing asticlo of food, 8re mach prized, ospecally by tno worgingman, But abave all other culinary vegetables, tho oniou rauks in tha es:ecm of the Orieutal. It 1s caten raw like the radish, and, cooked, enters in- to the preparationof almost overy disl. Gourds aro raised in grent quantitios for the ealo of their bard sholls, which s10 mado 1to bostlas, din- peors, posdor-{lasks, and various dowostic nton- ails. Thoy are even wrought into musical in- Mrumonts, a rude sort of gumitar being fash- lonad out of them. In uearly evory garden a vine hiana canspicuous place, and is trawed u&mu & frame resting nrmut tbe house. or shadi W ling suma grassy plot ich ia tho favorite resort«f the family, and whaore thoy ofton Lake their moals, Froquenily ibls cbosen spot contaius tus reservolr from which the garden is watered, and often thero is Ao additioual oruament of a jot or fountain—(or tho Orfental loves the aight of water cithar at test or in motion. Ilelons and cucumbers, which are o refreshing and much-prizad fruit 1 the hot, dry climsto ot Palastine, are cultivated in sandv Klucun citber 1n finlds orin paichen, and, o all other crops, must liava irrigation, The uoil whote they row is epe riched with a sort of guano obtained from dove~ totes, which are built for the purpose, of large 1izo and substantial material, furnishing accom wnodation for vast numbers of inmates, As tho melons approsch maturity, little booths, roofed aud walled with groen brauches, aro put up in lNelds, and hero & watchman sita day and mght with his cruse of wator—the beverago of the Orienlal—by his side, keoping wuard ovor the fruit, which tempty thieving fozes, jackals, and harew, an well a8 human beings, ‘I'io vine, native and cuitivated, growa in great luzurisnce and variety in Palestinie, The Jand of Judnh 18 especially colobratad for the size and excellonce of ita grapos, its billy diafricts being aculinulysiited to their naturc. Bunches weigh- E:g 12 pounds are not uncommon, and clnaters weighing even 20 pounds are frequoutly found, Dy, Voo Lennop satos that ho Las acon sn- glo giapes of the wize of tho largest damank lum, aud olusters moasuring 18 inclies in ongih, aud boaring above 700 berrios each, Oc- casionally many vailetics aro cultivatcd in the samo vinevard, but usually theso ara limited o tbreo or four kinds, Grapea form an nnportant articto of diet with tls Urioutals, aud, fresl or dijed, constitute an essontial patt of the proyis- fons of the household, Iicad and raisius often furnigh {be enure fare for o noondey meal, Wheu eaton freshi, tho Otleutal consumes the nlolo grapo, baving learned from oxverience Lhat tho sstriogent qua:ity in the seods and sams randers tho fruic oue of tho most whole- sowa in the world. L6 olive-troe ranks with the vino in the value of 118 product to the pooples along the shores of the Mediterrauean, In Western Asia it 18 not met wiili far inland nor. except on Alount Her- ma, at an elevativn above 2,000 faet. It grans apontancously, but in s wild atate ite frun is a . wsmall, dry, worthlons borry, Tho #took must be grafted 1o order to producs good ollvoa. A full- kizod treo hus tho height of an ordioary applo- tree, and its branches, disposad 1n porfeet syme- metry, formn an oven, rounded domo that is vory lsasing fa ite recular proportions, Lhe stem rnknnt'y aud goarled. and this foaturs in - Ing witliold_ 8go reaults in most sgularcan- tortions, The treeis lung-lived, aud, after tho trunk bas grown hollow and fal'sn awav pioce. weal, 8o long ad » eirip remaina It Lolds lifo and sustaios & branch or two fruitful to the last, ‘'his leaf of the olivo is suonall aud of & deap, dull greon above aud & pale gray Leneath, 1The blogaowa are alao amall, but most abaudsnt, and easilv castiug their yiotals, after a strong wind thoy cover the ground as with a diifc of snow, Tue wood of the oliva in of & higit 1eddish huo, uregularly grained, and 1s much used fur orua. moutal carvings, Io tha place of raisins, & fow olives with tbio slices of broad often form the meal of the laborer in Paleatine. By a curious cusiom that Las existed for many centuries, olive-trecs aro oiten beld a8 propoily separate from the field whero they etand, and o ringle iuclosure frequently coulring trees belonging to different persons. ‘The fig 1s 8 native of the country, growing apoutancously from aceds snd shoots, but. oy with the ol Mo froit 18 worthless notil grafted, in generally planted n a tavorite ppot in the garden, and often iu cucices, #o that its brauches, starts ing cluse to the ground, forn s pleasant, ahaded lonves are the largest thias grow in Weatern Asia, avd are sonistimes made into frail baskets, their edies buiug viuned togetber with thurue o¢ slendor twigs. The trea biossoms 1n March and the eailieat fruit ripevs in July. Figs that are dried for transportation are brsf divved in sea-water, nhich causes the exuda. bou upon their surface that makes thom ook sa though they bad boeu Jacked in powdered sugar, ‘f‘nu pamogranate is another much-valued treo In all the Levan, and i prized bolh for its bean. by and ita fruit, 1t is culiivatod iu gardons and Likewiso fn axtensive orchards, The slmoud s, of all tiees. tbe rarheut 1 blostom, ita white flowers hiding the leatless boughs in lovely drapery of white. Besides theso we have tioned, the treea whoue fiuit s carefully t; urud for food fuciude he walvut, Hivest, carob, prutachio sod sycamore, the apyle, po: soricot, hwe. plum, orauge, cbsry, bavaua, sud wmulberry, The dale palm ripeus its fruit ouly in the Hout and on the seaboard of P'alustine, Tue prickly pear forms & ch feature of the laudscape in alluvisi lsuds near the sea, sud ita frwy, though iusipid, 18 by uo means despiied, The quiuces of Asia Minur sre wo gweel aa to be eaten raw, wiilo tae muscatel spple of Amasia in Poutus is unsurpsssed fg fiavor by any truit of the kind elsew hors. Awoug tho foreat-trees atul found & Weatern Ania are the codar, fr, and puwo. Ths nnu‘ named in confined to two or thrao localitics north of Trinolt on fhe Syrian Coast, rituated At an siovation of 6,400 foet atove the scx. The oak is, with the tecabinth, the cypress, and piao, ouo 01 the trees most often seen 1 bbe by al- grounde of towns and villsges or o 1molated trites of Eedouins. ‘There ara many nged aud Bolitary spcoimane carefal y chorished in fleidn and by tho readside on acconnt of thawr grateful shelter. Ticea of evory sort that {;iaees an. tiquity,and fn the pracesa of their ve .t have ax- tendeid their branches afar with’ ther coud g shade, a1e hold eacred ov Lha most 1astlesr. Lho #oil under thom is traddan hard by Lao foet of many generations, snd not seldom a wall en- cilclos ihim eutics aren., 2 Consprenoas anong the floworing shruba at Daleating 18 the oleander, which i'ringes tho siresme with a border of brielit greon toliage gAY in 1he Braron of blossoming with largo deep- rink tlowers, Tha lilsc, the me: 4, tho trecs attawberry, the peacocs sres, the vilk tree, and tho ** Pride of India," are other common oroa- mental nbiruby in wi d and ealiivated geounds, The Uricntal dves uot ofion sot apart a plat of grouud for tho caltuie of towers, vot ho ia ox- tramely fona of ceriain apacics, and we ars them E~hitualiy 1w his turban, ‘Tho coso ancl tho car- yara the flovers of his choice, yet other 1= blowoms lika ths Jasmine, tho tube- -yacinth, hise, and wiolet, aro prims fa. Byrigs of aromatio plants snd the ;olden balls of an acacia are aiso car- -b0at the person, or weattered smong linon aat other clothing, Thio wild 1080 grows luzuiiantly all 0v'er Weat- ern Asia, starriug tho hedces and thickers with its lovely biosaoms, while ths tulip, the roppy, the many-colured ancmane, tho hvaciuth, sud tho narciseus gem tho flelds and valleys, miving them & glow and warmth of omerald velvet eet with yrecious «la. Although nany partions of Palestiuo have becomo deaolnte from neglect, the soil is siili wonderfuily fertilo. and, with ir- rigation and proper enituro, would yiold as heavy crope of vanod valuablo soits as ara barvested in any part of the glooe. Even in its degtadas tion tho land, as the Heripture describes’ 1t, i3 flomng with milk atd honey, e BPARKS OF SCIENCE, AFLOTAL CALENDAR, Thorea, the fond lover and kocu observer of Nature, used to aver that. wote s to awake, at avy time durivg the season of verdure, froma slumber of years, bo would ba able to tall nith exactucsa the moulh, and the day of tho month, by thie flowors that sbould Do in blogsom. Hin bonst was not o vaun ag 1t would seem to tho or. dinary fudividaal, who, never atudying tho hubits of vegotation, is iguorant of the lawa that regu- late them with such order that, ouce possossed of the koy, it is easy to read their causes apd se- quencos, bacuwards or forwards, ecither way, Each specien of plant has its spocial timo for® flowosing, which ts uniform in tle samo climato, ~—uuless tho latler bo very wayward in its changes, —and ia verysoon learned by the watch- ful botanist, Ilence, a floral calendar may bo covstructed for any partioular locality which will predict with certainty, under common cir- cumetauces, tue duy in the vear wheu tnost plants will for tho fitnt tizne put forth their bley- 8uma, Dut mora than thia : cortain specios of plants oron und closo therr floners. or, in other words, wake upand go to sleop again. at delinfte houra of the dav, aud e who hias uoted their ways 1 this respec: mav discern from them the time of day with simost tbe precision as from an artie Nl ehironoweter, Linnreus, after o caroful reeord of 1ho fagts, constiucted a floral elock which marked ths passage of the Lours as fols lows ¢ Morning-Glory opens at abont 2 a, m,, aod closes st ahoat 1o s, m. Tutiand Bowuty opens at about J a. m., and closea at about 11 a, m, Vegetalic Oyster opensat about 4 a, 1., and closes at about 12 m, opens at about 5 , m, Swoek open at abont G 9, m, iy opens at about 7 &, tn, Pimperuel ppens at about 8 s, m. cadula Atrensis (Marigold) opons at about 93, m, Arcuaria Rubra (Ssudwart) opens at avoat 10 &, 1, Staruf Dethlouem (Walte) openn ot about 11 a. m. Bl 18 Passion-Flower opeus at 13 . Ubirysantuomum opeus at auout & p. m, Your o'Clock opens at abont 4 1. m, Bllcne No:tiflora (s Catebily) ope Eveniug Primrose ojiene at about Lveuiug Lychuis opens ababout 7 . Coroua Grandiflora opsus at about & p, m, Otlier flowers might be snhstituted for these, to wuit differeat climates and localitics, But, besidos telling us tho time, plants may predict for us tho weather and with quito aa nd even wore cerainty than **0ld I'rob- en" Listonolf. Tho latter personage fails on nn average, it is sud, of twenty times out of & huodred, wiilo the planis, wo venturs to asrort, would fail us almost never, tlerr Hauneman, Iuspsctor of the Botanical Gardeus at LU'taskan, Geimany, has indi- cated poma of the plants that may sorve an lroatsoriby barometprs, I'or instance, the wzmall-lawered bind-weed (convolonlus arren- #is) and tho seatlet pimiernel sproad their lewves at the tormination of wet weatuer. At 9 v'elock iu the mornivg, if the weather 1s to be clear, tho comtnon cbickweed wakes up, opans 1t8 ayee, shinlon out ita Jaaves, aud remaius atart and active ustil noon; on the conteary, if rain bo impending it rofuaen Lo rouss iteelf. and, assum- 1y & drooping aspect, keopa ita flonera tghely cloged. Bhoaid it rales its lids, bowover, a littls \ray to pesp out rlyly, \o may be sure ths rain 18 10 bo of short duration. ‘I'he same little ticks undor tho same circumatances may bo obsarved in tho Pumpinella sazafraga. When the anccies of marigald Calendula plu. violis opens between 6 aud 7 1 the worumng and remnins anake uutil 4 in the afteruson tho weather will be mloadily pleasant; but, it it does bol opon by 7 1 the morn- tog, fis Bonsitive usture hay folt riin iu the atmosphers, and look you for . down. pour. ‘Tho prickly weods by the waysido, wutl Howers liko miniature daudelivns,—called com. mouly bsg-thisties and by the scientists Soncaus arrensis and Alteraceus,—fold their potals at night when there is promise of & ploavaut mor- row, otherwise they continue awake to improve tho flecting hours Of f+ir weather. Should the blzdder kotmia (Hiblscua Trionum) tefuso to opon 1ts flowers: should the etomless thistle (t.arduus acaulis) olosa its eves ; and the siover fold ita loaves,—like hands cloang in prayer,— raln 18 certain. Ho il the wmipplowort (Lam sana comniunis) faitd to shut up its flowers for tho night; 1f tho waite low grass (Darda seina) droops 1ts leaves; if the yellow bed-stray ((fatiton serum) yomaing awake aud oxhales a strong perfume ; and if the birchos narfuwme the air, postpous the piento appointed for the com- {nfi:fly. or tako alung umbrellas and mackin. oshes. BIRDS OF PARADISE, Perhaps thoro are vo species of birds which from their varied and Lrilliant plumage aro mors atiractive and moro covetod as an ornament for the aviary than BDirds of Paradiss, while none sro more diflicult to sccure alive. Most of the Apucies dwell in the lomout recesscsof the for- ests of Now Guiunenand neighboring islands, which aro almost impenstrabls to whito mean, and are inhiabited by savages whom it is daugore ous to euncounter. Nr. Wallace, tbo cminent uatugalis, epont nestly four years in the districts capacially fraqueuted Ly theuo birds, sud yet bo was ablo to socuro epecimens of ouly five out of tho fourteen specles dwelling in Now Gunea, e brought howe alive to Eugisnd two indi- viduals of the Laradisca Papuana, add the ro- maindor of bie collection was in_the form of dried sking, Mr, Cesutti succeoded 10 bringing to Lurope a living specimen of the Selencidey @iba, aud these thioe weie tha oaly living Dirds of Paradise evor brought to tho country until lataly two biave baon received at the Zootogical Gardens st Dresden, Ouo of theso is a I"am(_tum Papuana and tue other a 1, Apodo, The birds were vacured through uativa tiaders Living at Makassar and trading with Now Guinos aud s Aru [siands, Thoy Liave b three yesrs in captivity, auil, being aoc med {0 cage Lfe, it 1 hioped they miav be preserved wome tine iu their prosent Lius e, whers they aro placed under favorable couditons, mith vlenty,of roow and i wn equable temperalure of 77 deg. Lk food of the birds in caplivity conaists of bread, rics, and wornm. Winle in ludia ihey wore fud urm zrassloppors, bansnay, sud rica, and during their journey with the same yogotabla diet, and & desssrt of cookroacho, Tie birds ave verv suive angd noisy, The £, Apodo s quite bame, teeding frow tho havdy ‘The plumage of the birds su A 8 >mswhat og thio vorage, but it (s expocted i wil regain ite full Leauty aftor the Boxt poriod of moultlug. Tue Farapoda, whe Urest Bird of Paradice,1s the lariest of the spsoies. The vody, wings, nng tadl are of a rich caffao-browa, deovuting on the broast to apurple-brown, ‘The head wuy upper throat sre of & dalicate straw color, with s tayd aud sporw of ewerald gresn. The two middie tail-featliora vary from 34 to 30 fuchas i3 leng {" while from eacli side of tbe body of the mals & denau tafs of loug sud delicato orange-yeliow pluiscs springs from under tho wings, sud can be k0 wleyatod st tha wul of tue bird a4 io conceal 1ty ealire body, 'The #. Fapuana is much smaller than the foi- mer bird, but very siumilar in its watkivgs, The ‘plunage ts of & less gon aud intense bue, bat 15 dispoasd neasly sio e, 1o iu this bird tbat ju RIBUNIL: SATURDAY, DECEMBLR — T, 798 —~UWISLYLG commaniy uind iu tha decoration of ndies’ hats, and for auck purpo<ns it hias becomo i jme rousant articlo of commarca in the East. THE SPIRULA, It was the hopo of kamo Eoglish naturalists toat amouy the resuits of the scientitle oxpadi- tion of tho Challenzer would bo the ac jusition of hvine speciinons of tho &n rula. “¥lns genus of cephaiopods is oxtromely 1tareating from i relation to the fossil ammonites and to the cute tie-lish of tha present day. Tt Inbabita n mpiral shell which ia ciambered like that of the nauti- Aus, while {L Lam twg tontacles, eight arms, and au {nk-bag bie tho cutt'c-hsh. It dwoils in warm goaa i tire woutliern homisphero, and its shieil ate cast up in quantitios on tho coants of New Zenlard and otber alands of the Hou't Pa- citle and Atlautic. fliey urn aleo cartizd wlong by the Gulf Steean, and i smali numoo w dspos- ited ou Luo suutiora sbores of Lngland and fee- Iaad. Yet ouly tin 00 viug #,02i21608 Luve licro- tofure Leen cupinited, One of (Lo o was, according to the .dcademy, brought from New Zealaud to Lngland, aud drawin by°lirs. Gray; u second was sent Lo Frauce. aad described by De B atoville ; sud the tlurd, tound dead on tho smfaco of the Sulu Sea, was duscribed by Prof. Oseu, ‘Tha Chale lenger liss, s was Loped, securail a foutth apeci- nen, whie dredging off one of the Malaccas. Tho animal was bioughe un from a de; th of Juo tathomus, and apponted to have becs: swailowed by une of tho aeep-aea tish, which vownt:d the Bpecauen on being subjectad to the diminirhed presauio of the water as tho diedga was taaled i, Fiom tho mituation of this apocimen, it would soom that tho spirula dwells nt a deptu of 300 or 400 fathotms, wuero it cravls wLoat undar the rocks aud wtoues, and thus eccapes tho dredge. 1L ia supgested that soma plan of bait- ia tno dredge might entico the creaturo from its seclusion and sccurs its C.ADEUED. Auothor interasutug ** uni " by the Challonger, Off the coast of Japan, was & pixantie nydrod palyp. Thoso flowee-likn animals soldom ox- cood balf aninch in length, nltbough colonien of thewm may form branches and mats of consider able nize, Tuo now foiin 18 auliod to the Intish gfenus Corrrurphia, and sitadus the immooes Bizo of 7 feet, THE CO MARKET AND SUN-SPDTS. We have herotofora réiod tho offoits of eavarts to eatablish a relaticaa beuweon tho re- enrrenco of epola on tho sun and the fuctua- tions of tho potato-diveaso. Mr, Schuster, studying tho samo series of phenomous, bas pointed ont that tho years of good vintage in Weat=rn Lurope havo occurrod at avetsge inter- YMB ap} roximating to elereu years, tho average longth of tha priveipal an-spot period. Later, Prof. stauley Joues, F, . B.. bas ondeavored to Frove that the prico of corn and tha variations of tho sun-spots arc inso, arably connocted, A papor was road by hun on the subject at the recent wmeeting of tho DLritish Aesocistion. The data rexarding tho prices of corn were taken from Prof. L1 Rogoer's * History of Ariculturs aud Prices in England,” in which 18 miven the pricea of commodities in all paria of England be- tween the yoars 1200 avd 1400, From calcula- tious based upon tho faits thua affurded, it waw found by Prof. Jouea that the prices of esch kind of ‘produce examiuod rises i the fiat four onra of tho sun-spot cyeie, and thenco declines, ‘The marima prices occur ib the tonth, eievanth, first, socond, and thivd vears of tha cycle, Thess results, howover, aro cousidored an meroly pra- Imninary, and requiring further investigation, You stttl moro extended consequonces are indi- cated oy thesa observations. Itis fouud that commercial panica havo tendod to recar during tho last fifty-four ycaers in o distincly periudic manuver. Tho averago length of intorval bo- twoen tho privcipal panicsjs aboat 108 years, neariy cowciding with 11.11, the l2nath of the solar-tput perivd. Ere long, it appoans from this, our c)mmercal mon will luok to tne astionome:s for a certiin prediction of the price of corn, . A NEW LINK IN EVOLUTION, Prof, E. 5. Morke, of Salem, occasionally turns from his epecialty, thoe bracliopods, snl amuses bimself with the study of otbior recondito sabjects in naiural acieuce. Somo timo ago he detormined tho fsct that in embryonio birds thero aro four tarsal as woll as four carpal bones, the prosence of tho smfermeditm velug tha malu poiut. o Lns since discoverad thas thers aro embiyo claws on tao of tho digite of tho fove-himb, thoe indexod middls finger. HMithorto onlya single claw bLas been known, and thatin Lut few cnees. These interesnng tesults throw uow light on tha rolationship batweon reptiles and birds which Mr, Huslay has lnsiated upon, DEFO3ITS OF KAGLIN, Tt ia reported that a denosit of kaolin 30 feet In thicknees aud underlying 100 acres Las been found near Omaba. ‘The deposit crops out along 8 bluff for ovor bslf a milo, and is covered with but a fow Inchos of eoil. 'Tho subnsiauco is ro- markably froe from foroign material, and im- proves with tho depth, the upper pottion beiug coarse and granular, and the lover gradually Niner and whiter, ‘Cho whole ia adactod to the maoufacturo of n great varioty of orilcles of pottery. A railroad and au_ abundauce of wood and water in the viciity w.ll facilitate ite nso on tbo wpot and ita tranepoibasion to distant quar- Leva, PALMS OF AUSTRALIA, Tho Inte svnopais of tho I'almes of Australla by Wendland Drude informs us that thoro are twonty-mx species on tho continent and adjacont islande, Four specien are found on Lord Ilome'a Is'and and twonty-1wo mre mcattored over the mamland. Asin Hindostan, tho noline of Aus. tralin floarish most luxuriautly 10 $he vicimty of 1o sen-conet, Ono of tha finest spacimens, the l[,n-‘moua Auastralis, attalus a height of avout 80 act. EXPLORATION OF SUMATRA. Au oxpedition is boing organized under the suspices of the Geographioal Society of Hollaud for the purrosa of exploring the fnterlor of the Island of Bumatra, some parts of which are un- kuowa to Europeans, —_—— “MARY HAD A LITTLE LAMB.” Afrer William Marrls, Gunbild of Bathistead,—danabter of Gudarm, King Pric's Iunder, of the ijlind farm— Nutiered ten summers since the huwthorn apray AL ude white the chure What tine an elght iy Tuey botc her, a3 was ancient 1ae and wont Amoug Norse-fulk, who over use to say, Li-hwiu 18 gonnipe'wailed om delay. Now lithcaoiuo, g-eeful, fuir was the, aod tall, Able to raugo alunie, and loving all Tunocent patimen,’ 3ot ah counted dear, A unow-white limb, which foilowed ber ausaz, Ba to tho little lowly cot, where came 1nta the tend snce of au owtland dame The wany children of the usighoor farms, Blithie-voiced, ligul-footed, bairing on tbe's arms Taeir astcheld dfied, With thace Gunhiida fared, Whlle after ier, cropping the groen, unscarod At sound of voice, with re ezniting Lisats, Foltowed the lamb, Tuen ta the ouken seats, Filed In with curt’sy, eacn dlscipula Ureoting, as In sl weat, the Domins, Bhiort time endured the Iamb mich lonsliness Walting without, aud yirescut’y 'g.n prees His forviead 'yaluss thio unlat Ll dovr, and then Tustied wih lyationt foot, snd pruied again, Anlerethe earitest tanks wero daly sald, Turust in s head and veck engarivadad. ‘Tlen with hncertain, pattering stopw, begsn To tread tae floor, eting which, there ran A ball-bushied tf u froin lip to lip Of ali to rory, freai-hued seholarsls And stiy-faced llitle ones peeped up a sught Giee from thoir clders’ eyes and louke distraught, 18ut when ono bioof uplift the lamb und lud Upon the dunce-ataol, ae If ke essayed Theseon (o mount and show bis lack of wit, St know not riybily bow to compasa it, Tien bubbled up the laughter unrerirained, And ¢'en 1Le Domina no louger feigned The forimsl alernness which desaomed hor rule, Heeing such unuscd preeence 1n her scnool, Yet Lade she put him foril, and bar the dooz Seeurely, il 8t Boob tie tarks were v'er, Bo did the sclboul Tesuine siv drowsy head, Of uumbers dioued, aud syllaLles y-road, Tt when the hot noon called them out of door, Cropping the dalsies was the lamb ouce miore, Who, wilh briak bounds, to his dear mistress ca; Mu ryeled thea to soe the beast ¥o tamo Tus rest, sudt questioued the Doming, “\Vhy Lavelt 80 the lambkin Gunhilda 2 Whetust the dame, seckiug o wora| pigh, Made answer lo tha eagor cufidrun’s crvs » Gupbild doth love tiie lamb, you know, and heoce You stiil may bind 1u loving confidence Each gentle anluial, if ft but fod Uuto ita geatieneas 't And 10 suck wass 18 ‘To Wit o ‘e more the —iVatter ditchell in scrioner Jr Uecember, Wad Pleniy, Letrut Fie Pres, A emart-looking bay about 12 vears old ealled into & Detvoit bookstore youterday aud said Lis wother nanted some cards. 1he clork aupposed Le meaut playving cards, ang accordingly wrapped uiw pack. The boy eatus back in the course’ of Lalf an bour, lung the cards down, aud said; ** Mother don’s waut thut kind—ahio's got five or 8ix packe in tha houas dow, Bue watts xome with marked oaois, 80 sho can desl lone bands aud warp 1t to dad 1* ~ J strads with us. THRE CURRENC VIEWS FROM AN ANTI-SPEC'E STANDPOINT, T the Kditor of The Chieas Iribuns : Bearvorizro, Hl, Dec. f.—Cho question of cartency being o dobatalile one, L am dinposed to tahe Insas wita veur corrospondent from Wincons a3, Mr. Carpontor, and ‘%180 with the viown of 2 rimuxz in eriticiam of Mr. Carpeuter, ia yenterday's tesuo. 1 percoiva that Mr. Carpadter is an ** Tndo- pendont,” aud, like & good many othsr Inde- pendaota that k know of, he je & grasuback-man Lecauso to bo 80 is combng in fasbion with Inde- pondonts, The queation of a natiooal currency i one at desp and iutricato sy, It tuvelves sl {ho principles which uuderlio valuss. Mr, Carpon- ter eeyc: A thiog—my monoy—is valn. able 1 rroportion to tha valuable uses it way be put to,” Admit ¢, and Ly ehat rule shajl we dotermino ths valuo of movoy? M. Carpenter, and evervbudy alio, wilt Iook in vain for # 10!e by srhish ths value ot money may be dstormine!, Way? Bimply bo- causo there I8 no vaiue in money, ¢ Money " iy simply & torin used to .express the system by which valuos are registorod or counted. ‘fhero in & ruls by woich all exchangesble valiues may be determined. That rale in, s cost of pro- dueilon and tho demand for the artlole produce od. Thero ate degresa of valuo, and wo have convenient tarms to expross those dogrees in ths words *‘cents,” **dimes," *‘dultare,” otc. If & bushol of wheat is worth a dollar, s man never solls his wheat for the dollar. Ho ac- copts tho dollar ss indiesing the de- &reo of valuo which sitachol to (he whoat; and, wbilo he holds tmo dollar, Le posesses uo roal value. Ile merely pos-esuea eredit for value on demand, and i gela bis valne when ha parts with that crotut, or, 1n oilier words, pavis wiih his wmuner. Lthing Mr. Carveutor has eomsthitg vet to learn ou tho moncy ques:ion, or he naver woald have used tho terms **par with god' in the sonae_he d.d. Irom my standpoint, to-dey Rrocnbacks are st par with gold, aud at par with orary other purchasable commodity, But tlus country will hoar tho crack of doom before o rreenback-dollar can La swarped evenly for & yold-doltir whilo oar legislaiton gives prefer- sico to tho gold-dollar, If our golddollers should be seduced to hAlf thor weicht, and suil be recoived as dollars n the pavment of dutios on 1mpot(&, and grecn- backs rofused, thay would comunnd a preminm ovor grosnbacks. = But, if the Gavorumnant wade uv disisction beiween a gresnback-dollar and a gold-dollar Iu any of the purpossi for which wonoy 18 used, they would pase e par with each uiher. Tux TrmiBuNe figures it out that, if groen- backs wero roceivaule for dutiss, 1t would mako them worth only sbout 2 ceuts mors on tho dollar. The Lypothoals of M. Chrpentor beig faliac.ous, the fixures of Tux FrIDUNE ate oqually fallacisus. Otherwise, if wo could only fiud uew usos for monovy, or & greatar vuricty ¢'f comwmodities to exchange witn 1t, wo would ep- bance tho valuo of wney pioportionately. Such o principie would carry paper, or go.d, or both, above 10y cauts on tus duliar, whion 18 an absutdity, Lux TiUnGXE says : * Drokors are uow willing to Rivo & goneraiavorage of 83 ceuts in gold for tus paper-dollar.” Wiat do brokors want of papor-dollars, and why will they pay 80 ceuts for them? Tuoro in somathivg o litis stia1ga in the way Tug Tnisune putsit, 1f Tux ToisaNe #hould eay, ** Brokers are now willing ty give 116 cents in papsr for a doliar in gold,” then o could 30 8 swathiog ratioual in i, bscause brokeia who want to pay duties on mports aro roquired to have KJE]. and thoy wili pay tiwe price it commands, But noboly buva greci- oacks, In all my exporieuce I uover kuow of & areenback being purchascd ; and L doa’t think 1 ever wuw ths man who would givo a row of pins fur the haodsomest gresubacs that wan over printed. I wisb now to be undorstood, 1 um elmpiy repeating my aflirmativn that mouey bas nu valuo. Urosobacus beiag the Iawral muney of the country, snd all comuworc.at transe acilona beiug predicated upon it an i aujusted to it, dogices of values aio wxpressod msra prop- erlyand accuratoly by che staudard of grosu- back dollars thau vy any other standard. Thero seoms Lo be a siudied attompt to confueo sud Lotog peopio becauso \wa ara o unfortunate as to baya in the country $wo scparate and distino: things, reprosentiog difforout degress of value, and cach of thom called “a ‘~dollar,” Uoder our proswut eystem, gold is a commodity, aud 18 prico vanes from day to day, according to tho demand, lke all utaer commodition, But, wuen this nataon ahall come to adopt tho tutorclimugonhlo bond, schiemo, and to abolish tno gold-standard, an I Isshiove 1o eventually witl, thou thers will bo buut cmo insane ing to the term **doliar,” and is will al swavs (ep. resent the eamo degres of valuo, and thero will be no oceasion to get tangled upaad confoanded With somo oter tutog wineh is alio caded & dole lar, ‘I'te Trisosx inquires: ** How, ‘then, If gold- redsmption i8 opanly sbaudonod, ‘aven in theo. TV, 18 OUr gurroncy to be exchanged iuio that of tho wurld, and tho absoiuloly Decossary inter- nutional exchaoges otuctad 7 " I mighis aua ver by sayiug tbat there 1 o curroucy of+ the wurld,—never was,—nor mover will Lo; avd yet wo have no dinioulty in el fecting exchnnges with any nstun which will Tur TRUSUNE may auswor, *Guld isthe world's curressoy, and it 18 with #old tust wa tinde with uther dunutries.” Very woil, aud yet I see not & partisle of duticulty in trading with any natton which is willing to boid commoroial iutercourse wich gs. Hoppuse we should dincover & nAtiun tnab nover Was auy gold, but winch nsed fine papor, ausmped by the Goverumeus wit figures roprescusing diferent dugreos of vaiue, aud s papwer ciiculating at tha valuo the tigures ropresuntes, we wuuld liaye o dilliculty in trading wita such & nation, Buvposs I had wheat to sull, would 1 refuss (o soll to this nsuon, and take 1ty papor# Aro not our cit.zens to-day melling mar- chaudiso to England and takisg Dank.of- Luglaud notos ? Lo bottoin princypie i a.l ex- cliauge i barter, or commodity for comwmadity. Moaney is euuply sn fosirament to registar ot couut the value 1 commodivos, If L wold my whoat to this nowly-discovered nation. and took that paper-ourraicy, [ do uo becauso thas our- rency wilt buy me ather tajuge thas [ want moro thau L do 1ho waoat. I thera & nution upon the tace of tue globe which 18 o seuhing their commoditics to this cosutry, which witl ot take Kreeubscks for them? [f there m, 1 .do nut kunowit, L cau buy tew, codes, or any’ other worchandise, from tho niost aistant cukey, With gresuvacks; snd L underatuud very weil whby Lean doso, Kue' producor of the' tes or coffes geta his value for it, nakwith. standiog L pay for it in greenbacks. He vrould Kot 10 wuio value for 1t af 1 paid it iv gald, or 1100, or bined, pruvided I was aliuwod tas war- ket prico tor tha gold, iron, or brass, Thare is & Wislakon notion provaiang, and [ thivk Tuz Fitwuse s audicied wiih 1t that wo are loming overy day, i our comwmerce aith other uutione, the ditfereuce batwuek tue price of a graeubi.ch- doiluy aud & gold-aoliar, If thera is any such lous 10 uy, sinca thore 18 noshutg wasied Ge do- stioyed, thure must be a corvespoudiog g s to sowebody, Now, if any psisou will wbow wo Low I mav put mrsel! in the gap, aud sppia- Priste at lowdt o siare of tlus trowsuuous dis- count thut wo aro beiug whavoed out of evary dumy, 1 wm&uy to b a bLsudsome roward; fur, if [ should ge: & resscuable ausro of it, l nux'hl. to wako a nullion or twe overy weak. 10 couclusion, perait wo Lo say that I bellera W0 Rro just begluning to study and to learn the prnciple of money Wa all know what bartey weans, and we have all aluog been oufousding barter wito money. The privciples favoived i woner are distiuct fruw those invulved in bar~ ter, The apocte-basis vyatem 11 an attompt to Carry ous 1 prac.eo that nhiuch we obay in the- ory. Bpecic-basis 1s theory, and bmlt ou bartes, Faper-muuey 18 & pxwuc-[ recoquition of the true priciple of woney, aud (& above sud boyoud bartor, l'aper-money uever did, umor never will, harmouize witn spacie-bania, becauss they predicated upon different principies. aud the recuguition of wue principle 1 sho reject.oo of the ctuer. The basis of wioney 1s coulldeace aud common cou- seut, Give it any otbier basis. aud it 18 then noy mousy, but a commodity, Lol uw go forward in eivilization sod uot bacuward in parbarism, Jauzs X, Maore, ONE-PER-CENT QOLD-NOTES VS, FOURPER: CENT BONDS. To the Editer of The 1.hvcago Tribune : Caticago, Dec. 9.—In an editorial you say that you * have always {naisted that the United States Goveromant caunos Hoat a national currency re- deemable ju coin on demand. No Govarnment bas over been able to do so, and it is itposaiols 1n the nature of thiogs for it to do so,” Can it bo truo that what I cannot do we!l to- day Icaunot do tho eame better lo-morraw or next year? Can it be true thiat what I cannot do st all uo one can doit? Thereforo, can it be true that what & Goverumont could not du fu ite infaucy, it can nevor do st & mote mature age? And 1 it truo that what noo-Kapublican Goverg. mouts cangot or ave failed to do, & Repuulican 00 caunot doh Is Brother Jooathan's natuze ALY, that of, and him shilittes and oarabilitiea to bs mossared by that of, Biother John Bnil'az Init not o fuct that tho United Statos Guvern- mentcanand doss .y thingethas * cannot ba did " by auy otnor form of Governmant? If not, then whero ts tho differonco botween & non-lto- publican and a Republican Gavernmant ? What Government but ourn coutd float nn unredesma- ble curidnoy no long and so efectuslly with so smmll & denunt? Ta it good logle o ray that our Govarnmens csnnod fload a demand-note curroncy, and can a apacia ono, while 1f is tloat- ing & non-deroand ane (and that, too, for a long whilo, with no disadvantage woith mensioning) ? Did uot tnany of our eawudest fusnciors and bost statosmen predict bankruptey and ram ab the eluvs of our late Civil War, from tho Curton- ey acin of Congreas during the War ?—somo goitg 80 fur oa (0 8uy that our curroncy-disnster would be ao great that *'a 85 greenback will nos be worth b centa at tho closo of the War'; which would be a discodut of 91 conts on tho dollar ; but instead, ten vears after the War, hora only reached the amall disconut of 15 per cont, and would nat be tnat much if it woro not tor gold-spoculatota, "Lhin oxperienco has taught us that what was conxidovod dmpossibie by mainy of our wisest aud bost of won at tho beginniog of the Civil War became posmible—ses, & uecosmity—soon afteraards: and, furthermoro, it bas taunhs us many now fioaucial deas ; and it s tha contend. ng of thuso new financial wdens againat the old +*rock-rooied " ones that is now disturbiug the Buauctal world. 1f & Stato or ohartered bnnlk: ean fioat n cur- rancy of 230,000,000 on a gold-Lasis of £20,00 0ui, and keep that amount cucalating at par in- defiaitoly, or mo long as it keops the required amount ot gold on hisnd, why csnno: a national curroncy ba floatod ur kopt currant oo the same principlo, or as tLe ol Htals banks nsed to be ? Cannot tho United Btates Governmant do this easier and betler tuau to mawutain a oxclusive syecie-currency ? Doons the Government alm to bonafit thie major- ity, if not nlso the mmorily? 1f go, why In3io iuterest-bondy Luat oau obly serve tho minarity and not the rajority ? Is it not a cuirency, and not boucds, that the people want and must have ? It tho presont currency s objectionabls, why not make the marmo bottor by & little wold-baais, sud not rush off into bonds which aro moyo objec- Uonabdla as & currenoy, oven with a spooie one added? = Would it not bo better to msuo one-per- cent goid-notes than d-pet-cent bonds, to run ton, twenty, and thirly years >—that in, if this Goy- ernment must have a spccle-currency at somo fixed futura date, Thowo 1-per-cent gold-notes to be issuad o that tho intorost and priveipal are bothi due at the sama timo and on & givou date; and pavaplo whon due, or any day thercaf- fer, ar till called in 1f. not preeouted when due, sud thus airoulaio aftor being duo tho samo as beforo, and be par, with tho accumulated inter- eat a8 pramium ; whils bonds must bo prosentod whou duo, as tuey nro tuo bulty for curtency, and would not bo'curreut afior falling dus(?). One-der-cent-interest gold-gresnbacks \s too low, and only bemg duo in ten, twonty, or thir- by yoxis, maken Interost too alow, for mouney- aneculatord to hoard or lock up from ciroulatl n, and thus kesp the moaey ous of the handa of epeculators and in ths haods of the people, far better than current 4 psr cout gold bonds. Da- sides, thia amount of nterest is® perbans an auch a8 the Goveromant cught to pav tiil out of debt. At tlun rate, & 1-per-cent gold-zrson. back will have & premium of 30 couts at tuo end of thirty years from dato of issue, and & twonty- year onn 20 cents. and & tou-voar one 10 conts; ihilo & 4-per-cont gold-bond would have drained the Govarnment io thirir years of 120 ceuts, or 20 osnts mors than the princival! 1t 1 por cont ie not enough on gold-gresnbacks, then pu: on tore iutorest, but puard againsy haring a currency 19 ¢urry too hoavy a pramium aftor maturity ; but put tha intoresson tho gold- notes for the benefit of the peapla, and not on bouds for the benefit ot bonduoiders. P. A E. PAPER Vs, COIN. To the Rditar of The Chicago Triouns : Ourcago, Deo. 7.—As vour paper msama to argus tho currency question mostly from tho bard-mouoy or bavk-ourrency side, and, as it sooma ta u, rather unfairly, a3 tho use of tho terma * hard monay " wud ** raz-moner ' miy I:al soms to bellovs that tho torm * hard money ” moans coio, when, in fact, it s uesd ooly to mean & par baok currenocy, or sa near par a8 bagk-cucrency can be made to circulate, yon, perhiaps, would be williag toatiow ths other side, thongh not in azcord with your visrs. it seemn to uw that the ouly valid objection to greenbacks i thelr liability to fluctuais in value. Themmpla fact of their boing worth less than par is of no Importance to trade. ‘TI'ho importer piys for his merohandiso with exchange, aud may have to pay dalles with cois; but, it uwaing bavk-currenoy, par at the banlk where it wa3 lsausd, [t Is not nocessarlly mo whero the importar receives it, and bie must aell for colu, if the coin is nosded ; and the trouble to him ia as great if the discount is but 3 of 1 perceat aa if 5 per con:. Ho, if by using green- backs thore is no lons or iuconvoniencs more than in using bank-currency, whers is the ad- vantage of the Iatter? That there is sa ad- vantage in using a paper-currenov fnatead of con, is apparent onough; and tho question Acoms to bo. Who ahuell have the benafit of 11? Tae whole peoplo. ora fow? The efforta of the bank-surrenoy-sdvocates seem to boto ahow how little bankers make out of bank-currenay, stexd of how much the pooplo can mskse or “save br tho use of thoe groenvacks. Homs have even tried to show that they could not make more than 10 per cont, or admitiing that tho people are paytog them 10 por cout for capual, when thay can bave ail they waot forb, They offer to loan tue peovle 3100 for 84.10 interest, if the Suo;ilu will loan them @35 without any interest, unposs the paopls loan fhomselves $83 without unimtomu:, and borrow of soms oae elso $13 a4 5 per cent Interest,-~how much would be saved in tho transsctiu. It woold sesm to figars out about 820,003,000 on 500,000,000 of currenory, It the fow accepting the priviloge of issuing bauk-currency esn make nothing moro than n uslog their eapital somo other way, whero 1s the objection to the Government saving 220,000,050 suntally, unloss thoy are abie to furuish a batter cwrenoy 2 The cry of inflation may bo well enouzh {f thero is anybody sdvacating inflation ; but I seo no necossity for inflation with the use of greoo- backe, or for brinzing them to par with oo, 1f a law were passed roquling tho National Banks to witudraw their currency gradually, and mak- ing greanbackn intorchangeabla for 8r85 bonds, tha result would mtaraily ba a groator scarcity of paper-carrency and & lower prico for gold. During the panlo of 1373, gold declined Ior o time quite rapidly, whilo the charactor of the curroucy remamned unchaoged, Was it bacauss of the abunitauos of gold o the acarcity of our- roncy? Mora hikely tha lat a3 the temporaty boatding sud lack of facilities for us.nz banks exchauge mude s groater volumo neoded, and a lesa on the market or in circutation, Thia lessou scoms to whow that peaplo will usa [t as loug as it can be had for lesu prices than gold to pay their debts with; and thatn roductiou of n‘lunnh(v will surely be followed by a oorcospond{ng sppreciation of value. The Erlvllaga of exchauging greonbacks for 8.05 onds wanld enablo bankers to loau on call such surplua of canital aa thoy nught have on depont, at dull aeasons, which featurs would give the curroucy an olasticity that it would hot other- wiae hava. For tho benellt of the debtor clasa, the Becretarv of thie Traasury might be required 10 purchase gold for grooubacks ut all times at & given prico, aay 8§ por cout lpmmmm, and, to secire uuiformity of value, noll gold at his dis. crotiou, at any price not loaa thin the pricas of buyiog. ‘The aojeclion to making paper a legal. teuder docs not svem 0 be well austsiued, siuce tha act at tho vame time gives it a commercial valus a8 real as that of goid: or anything elsa, Gold has what is called ao intrineio value, which mav be little or muah, indopendaut of ité come merclal value, wiuch is croated 1 some man- tor Ly ita use for currency, Except for its character ms mousey, an owner might bo troubled as much to find a purchiaser for 1t as fur 1 boat or coru, Or aJy othor artivle of merchan. deee, There ia no queation of ity adaptabi'ity to tu s use, naither dass shia fact argue conclusive- Iy sgalost the uss of & depreciated paper-gur. rency, 1t sesme plaiu that & emall ampant of green- buck-curreucy would cliculate at par wish gold it & legal-tender fur dabts; sleo, that ao uahm. itad amount cannot ko clrculate; and to keep toe value uniform, they must be redesmed in €aisl, not necoavarily at par. A par-curreucy can no n1ore keep gold from lesving 'the coantry than a depreciated currency. Tua most it can do s to mase an artilloial demand for it, that witi hold it hera tiil all other ovailablo property "zfl'"' It 1t iu Lield at & luss tg Lhe people of 220,050,000 per your, whils the isauers of bank- curvency are not benefited, 1t seems an expon- #ive business, and Lincline to the oplnion that gold uotter go fust, and other vroEuu afier- warda. CONOMY. MISLEAD'NG A FARMER, To the Jditar of Lhe Chicago Iyibune s Cuica 0o, Dec, B.—As you bave a solumo for fettera Vrom the people, 1 proposs to avail my- salf of your libarality, asd give you a converss _loahad, beiwoen myselt and @ farmer from the conntry, Ao olil scquaintanco, who has s far farm and runs 1t very sucaoss! 30y, Atier ordinary civilitien, he avsoats me thue: *Mr. Tichmond. I have knosn ;rou many years, whilo you wera tn Lusinosa at Cle veland, 0., and sinco you have heen in Chicago, wnd I have re- garded you as a mound, fair-mina'ed business- man. I want your opinlon of tho aTuct that & speedy retarn to a speclesatandard or currenoy will have upon tho country, nad npon fudividual intorasts.” Ansicer—* To my mind, the offsct npon the country, snd npon you aa an Individual, is as eloar asany mathems 10al problom, aud as oasily sotvad. Do you take Tne Cmicavo Taintms?" Farmer—Yes, and hint i what eonfuses mo. 1t s00ma to mako it for our interost to retura: to apocio-payments, aod that is what made me want to talk with vou about ic.” Angicer—~Wall, I don't propose to_srguo for or agaiuat the meanuro, but [ ean toll you the cousequenca of a return w.th ail ho cortainty that 1 can that 1 and 7 mako 8. or that to tike 1 from 8 loavos 7, this Bolves the question of tho offect Tue Trinoxe daily, in & standing edi- torial, quotes gresnbacks o< a dixcount gunarally Avsraging one sinlling off ; say & dollat in quotel al873¢ conts, Tumin done to bring reproach upon the legal paper-monoy, 'Tho lawa of Con- Kieus makes tha greonbacs a legal-teuder in all dobia botween man aud man. A dollar 18 a dol- lar by law. Tux Trimoxx says o doliar is not o dolliar, but only seven nbiliings." Farmer—* e dow't drill our mind much in theoriea; we deal [u facts. Will you giva the 8ame oxamplo, —same 1llusteation " Answer—~+1 will mako it plain to you. Bup. [o16 vou owe the merchaat $100,—ono hundred ushiols of wheat will pay it by the greenback siandard, preseat curiency. 'Fo-moriow Con- Rrors ropeals the Legal-Teader acl, and tho merchant says, Pay mo the gold. Now, you sell your whoat to pay it, dou't yon ; 50 that it {akes 1134 bushels to pay the €100. Suppose you have tho money {n your pocket and you mues pay him in gold.—you buy it at 124 cents,— proving it will take $112,50 grosubucks to buy tho gold $100." Farmer—+ Wuat doos Tz Taipun® mesn by tho term * purchasing power,' so often used *** Ansiwcer—** Just wnat I have sald; that (he $100 tu gold yon_paid tho micrebant wiil buy 11215 bushsls of “your wheat, wlule S100 in gresnbacka will biry but 100 bushe:s, Now, you soe'that Tie Thivuse makes ono-eighth differn- ouco 4n the purchasing power of gold over greonbacks, Ho he waaw to bn{ your farm-pro- duciionn for ono-eighth less than ke now pays you. Now, just what alfects whoat affeota avery- thing you rafss; and what affocts your pradace tions aifects othier mou's oqually,” Farmer—Well, wil| the effect reach the price ar value of our farms " Answor—*i Yes, it will affeat the valneof svery- thing that is involved i producing. As tho pro- ducts of sour lands decliuo in price, o will the labor tuat proauces It, aud the tand upon which it s grown, By Luz Trinune's tabls of values, U your proporty 18 now worth 88,000 1n graon- backs, it goes down jnatantly to £7,000 in sold, We tiave bad a gresuback logal-carrency twelve Sesrs. All the publio and private dobta of the poople baye been cootractod under the systom and valuo of greeubacks; aud tho whole rangs of proporty-valuation is basod up- on sud adjusted to this~ paper-currency of tho country. Now, to change the staniard to gold- ‘valuation roguces the onurs valuo of tha woalth of taa country oue-eigath,~just as 1uch as the medout preauum is on gold.” Farmer—-* How, then, is the county to bo bouelitad by the chango, if all values are to undergn o change ? " Ansicer—* (bore you bava me. I can't seo KDy clearor than you do waat good i to oome of ity 1 can ouly soe danger; for auiely it cn.irely unsetiles'ths relations of pro,erty with money, and roduces the meaus of tha couatry for the Ppaymoot of the dsote just the amount of tho premium on go.d.” er—'*{f that is the case, why do the city papo:s ndvocate it ; and who 18 10 be beno- Ated by this ohauge ? Ansicer—+*'Iho ciby daily papora onjoy a mo- nopoly of thelc ciroulation; suoy have a fxed prive for the.r papors, and, 1f they ®ot pay in gold, it adds ouc-aighth 1 Jauchs ing power to wuat lasy wuw get, Yuu see Lur Titoe UNA alwave talia of purchasing power, You yory maturally ass, ‘Who 18 10 bs beio- fitad ' To this [ answor by an os imate sod calcuiation ; though 1t may uot be pos tively cor- rect, it will 80 far approxinate coirectosss us to suswer this question. [ will mupposo tust oue uational, Stals, town, county, aud city, togstuer wich railroad, all corporation, snd private fue dehteduees of this country, ts four mad s half bdlion of dollars. I assume that tha popmia- tiou of the United States 18 45,000,000, and that ous in fivo of tats numboer are involved in the debt or creditof the tountry, making 9,040,000, — the oiber bemg unpotout as to movoy, Ias- sumo that 3,000,000 —one thrrd—may belong to both classes, asbior and craditor, aud in_tbem- scives canoel aoo-third of the aggrogato dobt,— loaving 6,000,000 of peopleto handle tho otlier threa pillions of doilars. Now, [ divide thess ,000,000 0f 008 into two equal paris ; Thros millivn capitaliate, wio hold the indebtadness of tho country, juolading all persons who eujoy ostion sod fixed salarien; this is class No. 4. he othor and ctnird class ate ths deotor clasa,—the producing and Iaboring clume, Ciasw No, 1, who hold a mizxed position of dobtor and cred:tur, are indifferont, being unat- fucted by the changn. Clase Nu, 3, the capital- ists aod sataried men, are tuo only ones to bs benafited by a 10turn 1o s gold financial & and- ard, for their claims aud duss will bo incroased Just the amonat of tao present promium on guld. The third claan are the losers to tho samy oxtont tliat the second olass are galuors, ‘Lae sooond clasa are tho ca italists, men of fisel ealaries, and thuso eujoying mouopolies, A gold-standard will add ona dollsr in sight to all #riaries and all their claims, andin purchasivg power to buy your wheat and buiter,—thus making them so much richer. ‘'he thurd class, who are the produccrs of wealth,—larmers, mannfacturers, mochanics, and laborers, who are really the dobtor claws,—Lave this to pay;: so, by tbis operation, the third class in taxad ona abiliug on each dolisr of dobt anl of sal. ary to give to the capltalista aud tha salaried men of {fho country,— thus making the rich richer by ‘one dollar to eght, and the poor poorer by baving to pay the rich this eum. The complezity of the subject, and suparficial argu- mouts of the advocales of specie, bofog the common and average miod, a0 that the conso. queucs of a return to s apecie-basis upon ycur property and productions is not seon by the maas of the poapls.” Farmer—*' L nee this now as I never nave be. fore and. if fully comprebanded by the farming and third class genecally, thera would not bo ponor envu in Republlcan party deilt, prinoi- ples, or politics, to commaud their votes., This 18 my oplnton,” Answer—\Well, an to that 1 ®ay. Dut evor snco God sald, b there be light, and there was light,’ csuse aud sfect bave #one togo:her, and every offect ia the rosull and power of the cause,” Now, just 80 surs s thore is 10, 12, or 14 per cont promium on gold, Juat Bo surs, if we return to especic-payments, will thia per cant Lave lo ba an by mso much reduction 1o the prices you will be able to ob- taiu for your farta, labor, aud ite productions. 1f you wish to add oue dullar in eight to this dsbt you owe so your rich naighbar, then go for specie-paymonta; for, &s surc as the bave nothing to solting sun leaves darkoess, ¢o snure will a return to spocie-payments_reduce the walue of your pioperty aod Iabor. ing powar” s, tuat a dollar in gold will uch farm.produce aa §1.14 or ¥1.15 of ad laok st tho just aa much | for gold a8 the purchi cloima the ‘purchaslog [ ' in more, Who seils? Those who pio- duce the stuff, Who buysit? ‘Lhose who cou- thosa who live on their mousy and sale Farmer—' What would it cost to buy gold enough now to pay all of the indebtsduess of tho couatry of every ilnd in premium ¢ Answer—Supboss the debt $3,000,000,000, 1 would cost more thas $375,000,000 to oay the Emmium on the gold, Then it would cost 220,« 00,000 to §30.000,000 to pay the premium on goid enough to pay il salsiles and axpenses of the various Goveinments aunually,” tflnnfl—" Is that possible? ~ You astound me Answer—* It is posalble and not be correct to 8 few thou dallars, prova- bly. Aud now, sir, wholher wa go $0 specis-pay- monts in 1870 or 1879, tue sacnf o the value of proparty bas got to come; 1§ must come in adjustivg it to a gold-baxiw, aud the debtor clasy Lias to pay it to ich and wealthy ereditora aod men on eslari Taoxas Ricuxonn, R ———— AT LAST, Wien 8rat the brids and brids They love thelr singl A sword 1s 5 the marrisge- Tbeir saparate slumbers ars not resty Tbay quarrel and make up sgaln, Tuej giva and sutfes warid o pita, g power. the fact; It may t, snd wrong, Tuey airuggle long, TH sorae good day, when the ke o Bome dark day, wisen the beils are tolled, Death having taken their best of life, Tuey lose thasueives, aod Sud eich othier; ‘Thay know that they aze buab. wite, ¥ar, X Fatber, ~B, umw Msgazine for December, fts roratrs will bo rapid, RADWAY'S REMEDI Radway's Ready Relig CURES THE WORST PAINY In from Gue 1o Twenly Minntey — NOT ONE HOUR After rexding fids Adverticement nesd suller with paln, - ® Radway’s Ready Religt I8 A CURE FOR EVERY PAIN, Tt was the first and 1s the Only Pain ‘Remedy That {nstantly stope t) {aflsmmstions, ‘cat ufik?fim:-‘."“u“ i o, o otlier gadh 6¢ arguay st Lungs, Blomadh, one application, Infrom Oneto Twenty Minuteg o mattar how vinlant or exemoleting the pai, Rheomatio, Ded-riddem. Taften Vous s Faigic, or rosirated with diseaso ey aaden 00 Xou Radway's Ready Relief WILL AFFORD INSTANT EASE Inflammation of the Kidn Inflam of tha mlddar,lnunmm:a;i onl the f]‘:s? Q]lL Mumps, Congestion of O roniing, Beiviinime it or . the ‘Hearsy o8 Taothachs, Neursixin, Rheumatis Cold 8, Ague Ohills, ™ Tha spolioation of the Te 5 A DRt R e R LT tumbler of watse will, 10 a oy Orainy, Siar Stamaa ), Macehos, Drssuters, Gaollo By teroal painy, Travelarsshruid aly car " AT T i ot tap : er;. nnL’l"l' L{!‘l"l:’ ‘h?"‘l 4 Tont sloknaus or < atas. from o i Bitier thian Froneh: Baady or Bisan & alfaiins 8 FEVER AND AGUE. r TR s T ‘malarious, bilions, searlar, trp .laa:’ n‘lffs ol ) y . Filty canta gor bosula, HEALTH! BEAUTY| Blronx and pur rich blond ; It Sl Ead benaii ol oomptaston o 474 ity DR. RADWAY'S SARSAPARILIAN RESOLVEND enrre. 8o qaiok, » Haa -.fd. ths moet. Astonishing RS dertul mediciae, that Every Day an Increass in Flesh and Welghtls Been and Felt, THE GREAT BLOOD PURIFIER Jrers drop of, he Sarapictiian Resolvant somaas oates (araga lowdl, A 281, Urino, 8.4 R ot A LU Juicesvi 159 eyetam., Wio vigos of " Lio, far K ropuit ol ih sotnd mat rul lac disesss, bas liolls trumarous dis dene, of skia div fovor saror, scald head, Hoxworo i 8ips 20D, black spits, worms ju the fumort, eansors 1 the) wemb, Rad ail’wnakiniiy G palaiat’ discha [ osa toa i su 115 Deinolbl, e vrlinia tis coerioa of tals wonder of modsrn ciemla'sy, nod & fow dayy’ will orove to &7 uorson using It ‘for elther disease putant puwer 0 cur taan, 1j i3 patlest, dully bocomap roduond by tha wata snd, decomposition tiat intally progremtar, ms ceedsin arcastine the wastoe, sud “repalcs 9 mm with Gew matoris] made frin healthy blod,—and thist Ba saparillian witl aud _does snciro,—a 0are jb seriaiz: onos this ramedy eomia 1noss Ita work of soduicesnds tn diminkhing tho Tees of Haal Bt growing Bittee and semeins fae vt growing bter &, n ting better, sppetite improving, and flcah snd real rosine ‘Notonly dws the Ssrapariiilen Resolvent. excel @ 9dial agents In Laaca 19 ul Lk Sorufolow, e Tanah, i i s b s e B S ool tiva cure for Kidney and Bladder Complaints, Urinary sad Worsb Disasss. Granil,. Diabotes, Dropn sioppage of wator, Ingontineucs of urine, Hright's and inall eases whora tligre am beich or the water is thlsk, clo 9 the while of an » OF thi sraotbid, ‘dark, wiilans appsersnan, : Thlia. beid n“ Pli;liu, .’Ilg whan W'r; .F;A::m urning senssiion wheo pawing waier, 8ad pala of the back aad aloug the lotass " Tamor of Twolve Years' Growth Cared B Itadway’s stescivont. BrvzaLy, Maes., Joly 18, I8 D2, RepwaT: Thave bad uval4a tumor w fos sude bowels, Al the dooture said **thare was au iwlp & 1.5 1triod evaryihing Shat was r1oamnseadied, bus sk ing belped mo. "1 saw your Retioiv would Uy it; but lad 0o 1aith 1n | fored fortwslve years, |1 tgok slx botide Hoaal aud one bux of Had Filla aod two bottlss of Head: ere {4 5ot 8 +7n ef tumor Lo bt wf b e, end bappiss Ls bara tor tuslvs rears, ‘the worst ‘{mmor was'ia theitd Jido ol thebowols, orer iis gwuin., | welte s tafou i the beneflt of others, You can gm(’nm!mufi- ’ Prios, 81 per botils. for wnq fry ds ik wi 3 3 AN IMPORTANT LETTER. th of Chachsh avt tor s 'i.:.'f:’.fi'fi'.‘-fl.‘:? ity rougliout tho Uaitu) istas Jnx i DA, HADWAY-Dran Bra: 1o tduoet by o e ¥ ‘d'u«k: ik I“ufl.:lunll to 8 8. Brief statu --_'.‘ o s EveGtas - BaarbedasBiotal wite some ‘Wotiio b s vindl 3 adl uriuay orgats which some ich 1h pusyesdt bladder, oy Ay and had tak » Quanllty of (!lmlun hrvmu-nl . for publizhers thuir opinion tuat iy ever gattiog radically age—1y ourad. o 4u & auvst taeribly atlio.in; sl predadcaitln faziailun of the Kidhors Bl altemacone v o Bad gut %> o s Thatcoud of Mionlshing cas aasiag bean aid aad somo fonr monshs I:“l & nul a ous !5" ted A"hm"wh‘"lm :I 1x bet u':-?-‘c"a'-‘l £0acted ba & paraoa wh hud g Secs sa A be 1 wenl right off 14, soms of sach~your S pariia, Tasolvats Foudy it nod Fogipiiag Mlits aod soimmenced g them, Braloted,asd now for sl e 42 o DR, RADWAY'S Regulating Pills ly wstelow, elogantly costed with --ulfii Bulate, pu-1G, Gisunse, aud straagiuisd 4ur 80U 2 il disurdars ol bue BRI rsous Disoseh Costivensat, ludigostiss, % iation of B ...JE! s ropen or, enients 0. Wi 13UWT! ta Siive cure. b ?‘mw COnaloing 0. Toteurs, miaretic o e rasi il e s sk b PRt L Folotaa oo s of the Blood I8 patl uy olditg ‘ot tha #ob, Neascs, Hesrtbuss, (i, ’a::"u'lm-". 3" Wolios fa" (Bo Blamast. Saf 5% Flatkersties 1a the Pit of Head, arrbed W 1, Choxlog or Safst ] heient, Fator and Dub Isl aiogucy ‘of Pac-piration. vellmoou AT ik T seof' 1 g, Har 5 { RADWAY'S BILLY will tree the rest frow S11 e ahove: named disardere. " Price® Wik bax. B0'4 by drugy Read “;;lu and True,” o Mo o R RRIAT ASnd willbe $£rtpiions, blibing o the ITead, 1 Shmad