Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 15, 1875, Page 1

- The @hitago VOLUME 20, INANCIAL: o it TELR - o Yerehants', Farmers', & Mechanies’ Savings Bank, 76 CLARK-ST., OCHICAGO. TNVESTHENT CERTIFICATES. Perfect Seority—Liberal lnterest. TABLE of lncreane of “Investment Cortifi- ealent secured on improved renl estato, bears tes Intevests pawnble in quarterly Inatall- ments, st the rate of 73-10 por cont per ans gams Slowing the accumultion of pnma lnv yested for thio bhenedt of Chilldren or otherar onnt Amount e, Time, Acchmuisted, $ 1o scrtited on savings acounnt, and Invested in [NV MENT CERTIVIUATRYE whouevst 8100 is thuy scqumu. od. 4423 boldor of n Certifioato has the privilage of examin. tretbe conditian af tha teust st oy tine an calllog &t (£ ol¥ce of tha Tenutan, Gertificaten forwatdad, and interest, whoa dus, rejn. yened, 1 ed, or zoritted by draftor axpress to any satal the Unltad Biatas. Addrasy Y MYERS, Mansger. f, 0. WILLIAMS & CO, BANKERS, { WALT-8T,, NEW YORK, buy snd sell Chlcago Cty, Milwaukae, 88, Faul, nnd other good mnnicipal tonds. Inzestinnt securlties conatantiy on hand. Wanted—Hnrlingtor Cedar R, nid Minp, fiv Wanted—Chicago, ville & Vinconnes first, Wagted—Northern Yaciiia 7 310 neab, Thess and othor raliway securities not reguiarly jnated ruada a kpoctal Ordern for atncka and ather yecuritien receive personal sttention at the Now York Stk Exchauge, Good depotit accounta recolvod, $100 INVEST NOW $1,000 ACOORDING 70 YOUR MEANS, 4o, 85, $100, $1,000 IN BTOCK PRIVILEGLS, They often pay a profit from 10 to 16 times tite sun fovaated overy 0 days, withoue riak beyond the invest. peobas explaincd in our book and Weekly Finasncia) Rjort et froe, containiug the dally prices and grctostions thst’ veeur Bt iho New York Biock Ex- Misge. Also, (hie goneral condition of the New York oney markot, ALES, FROTIINGIAM & CO,, Bankors aid Hrokers, 12 Wall-at,, Now York, _UNDEK WEAR. A AR Ao nderwear The Largest Stock and the Largoest Number ol Lines evor offored 1n this oty, consisting of Flannels, Meri- 108, Cashmeres, BScotch Wools, Bilks, &c., from medinum to finest qualitica the world produces, at uuguslly low prices. WILSON BROS,, 87-and 69 Washington-st., Chicago. Piko’s Opera House, Fourth- at., Cinoinnati. Complote liro of Boglish and Amer- ican Bilk Umbrellas at low prices. REAL ESTATE. s SIUTH CRIGARD, ot bty Sale of Lols and Bloks fn Tooo Workers' Addition o Sonth Chicago, @ part gido of river, on high Iand, sdjacent to the 'ediron miils, now recelving thelr imachinery (and U sayloy 2500 men)y on TUERDAY SOV, Tl 175, SHECIAL TRAING on o & Mfohigan South. o R depotat 10:10 svm . 4urp. Catafres, BALE ADSOLUTE. Properts will oicid eheop, Terme, i cush, balance 1 snd 2 yours. Luterest 8 per cant, A deposit on each Job required at ®ia, Title Ferfoct, Should Tueeday be stormy. sale yilbo postpaned, and uotice of postponement will be fo:08 in Times, Tribune, -ufi“fl uts-Zeitung on Reancedsy, Nov, 17, 1875, At our avction of Oct. 21, I lota 83 d at $13150 fo § 0), Many of theas lots Surs bean renald at $100, $500, and §3€0 each, Forin- Tormirtion eall on H, COLEROUR, om 18, 14 Wasbinglon-sl., * Clicago, Colehour ng. FOR SALE. Mess Mackerel, 0! thio October Cateb, for sale by C.TATUM, 148 Bast Madison-st. The cheapeat in the market und the BEST, Ousbing's tubular ¥ur- naces. Call and seo or 4cnd for cireular, CUSHING. WARREN F & CO,, &1 Lakost. e buva 13 wizes Furnaces and 4 of St A ves, S REAL ESTATE. romr SALIL: 48000 ACRES VALUADLE LANDS IN EANBAS 1 diraeting uf ste 11 gkfifsellonultho Lluarablo ogratary o toe Lato br, :{;’%’&r.l‘l’&.{;n: sl x'.}fl';fi‘-x. u{"fif’x)«'.fi'i River, eris o o1 10 Blato of KA ks, whai s gennrally kuows sa ibe Cborure Tiree asdy aro aftered. fozaale 13 comply n Haions o1 aa ac o 'Dun,vn: Sopravd avie T Ly ll-\ld..,vn . xri), rx 98 and d 1o Righost b Jdlnr“lor asb, 0 quan. gl sia 4 the laude leraby wllared loc it ! tadicasfug ¢ st et addzons uf on_roakl; Ty Jiaioc ot Commlagionet o5 11, (oataY LARd Coircey i Bifataseslotorand Jiacalvarof tha looal otices st Fuupons syl idopendanoe, Kan 4 {0 purchiase 1d for as meay t SR b i s s s , but sac o amrasey Lisde - At a0 Taust B (hr ool moro Las ona bandng Sages duad oanform 1o tho jegsl subdivinions companted by 1 10 i Taegal 1 ad (s awpeded cent of th Rl theblader, aod the nnent i e opeuing of b bids & Tl s tos mats T sig O Ocnaral e i Wi b4 wal aeds il beSeeld outisms 20 bar tant dy, i Raamids W OnT S SR siaorderai o' Sodmlssioaer of e Dossrat 4 40 toject any aud alf bide is sxpreasly re- d adden 2 L Uircer Wable o B Vi teids for Coocake s iclp fanis, o Sl Bt Gy ™01 Novewbors oo ot o wbeck Y4t duiy opened and seted upor " ':l;:;,;“ . Compfaal f O N e e e Lo ~UNDERTAKERS' GOODS. BUPATENT METALLIO 0w ‘:&:V D CASKETS, 4 Bheet Metal, Xat - vl aad Proteive guetien, " F T B, BREED &z Co., 010 Weat Eighth-at, Oluciaustl, 0. THE FORUM. William Brackett's Estimate of the Philosophy of Voltaire. Skefch of the Aunthor Who Bromght About the French Revo- tation. Summary of the Great Essayist's Con- tributions to the World's Thoughts, Dr. R, Ludlam’s Experience and Qb- servations in the Hospi- fals of Paris, Dascription of the Most Famous Medi- cal School in fhie World, Edward Everstt Hale’s True His. tory of Philip Nolan, THE PHILOSOPHY OF VOLTAIRE. LECTURE DELIVERED DEFORE TIHE PUSLOSOPHICAL BOCIETY NT WILLIAM DRACEETT. To estlmate and deterinine proporly the valne of Voltnire's services to the world, it would bs noceesary to vegard him uvder many ‘different aspects, and {rom maoy differont poiuts of viow, For though ko wss not equally grost in every charaotor. lie oxcelled as & poet, A historian, » philosopier, & dramatic sutbor, a writer upon politics, religion, sclsnce, and slmost avery aubjoct that can interost nnd occupy the human mind, In all the highor graces of composition, iu power of expreseion, vigor of thought, fei- tility of tnvention, wit, and fancy, and sbove alt inlys admirable cloaruess of dlotion, ho out- stripped all of his contomporanos. snd stands with scarcely s poer in the whoie worid of fettors, Ho wroto equatly well in pross and verse. As @ dramatic author his own countrvmen rank him wwith S8hakapsaro and the Greas writers of trage- dy, thongh, in my opinion, without justice, And 1n their eatimation, too, by great eplo poem. the Hlonriado, Btands as bigh as tho Iliad of Homer or the Divine Comedy of Dante. Many of bis minor poeroa, Iike that upon the destruction of L:sbon by an earithquake, bieathe lho highest sphiit of Isric grandeur snd effect. Among lita prose writings, those curions oros- tlous of bia fauay, such sr Candido and L'Inge- un, abounding 1 wmit and bumor, and Nlastrat- Ing snd enforcing some great principles of hu- man conduct, are the moat pleaving to the ma- jority of readers. With many, bowaver, tho proferonce is given to b3 correspond- ence, which ocomprises soveral volumes ; with _ otbers, to his philosophical cseays, bis acteutillo treatinon, or his critical and controversial mitings, But, doubtioss, tho frst place oucht to be assigued to his historical works, 10 which he atiuck out a new path, and rawed the mindsof men to a bigher contemplation of the trus ends aud aims of this brauch of hu- man kootwladge. To do jastice, thersfare, to Voltalre's merlts, [repestit, would roguire au oxam’nation of & maltutude of works, which ruo through a hon- dred volumes, and which exhaast almost every fiold of Lnowlodge. To writa the hiatory of such » man {8 to write the lusioryof oivilizatioa for more then s century past; for bis labore not only live after him, but they aro of such & strik- ing aud enduring cbaractor as to impress them- nelvea on aucceeding geuerations, snd give di- rectlon to much of the thought and motionof madern aacioty. Now, tf I felt myself compelent to analyze and pronounce judgmont upon s literary 1akors, bestowed upog such s vast variety of subjects, T ahiouid hemtate to do 8o, (f for no othor reagon than tbat I do not covsidar this to bo the bright~ ent side of his goniue. In my judgment, the hit- orary produoctivns of tbe huwua mind bear na comparson fu Yalue to the legacy it leaves us thiough 118 PIILOBOPTICAL AXD BCIYNTING LABORS, ‘The Yiteratars o1 the wurld cognis bug as & tide, & mere bauble aud playchl.g, wheu comvarcd with the aohd resuna which flow from weli-di- rectsd luvestlgations of Nature and her taws, Torough thewe channele, sud thess alone, hus tbe Dlttla light vouchssfed a8 yes to mortals dawued npon their minds. It does not coms to them through .maginary revolations made to them by some imaginary bsing mittiug high in the clonds abose ua ; neither ia 1t found in the lmpassioned sppeals of the rhesorician. or 1ue sepimonial stralus of the puet, or the wel)-turned periods of the bistorian, We look 1 vain for 1t in those learned iomes, now bap- pily copsigned to obhivion, 1o which the vaiions rehpions a,piems liaye found theyr chwmplons nadarologists. Wo look iu van for s fn these religioua pystema themsoives. Tho only real kouwledge wo Liave, and ths truth cionot bes too of'oo tepeatad, comoy from the study of Nature ; and it 18 wreated from ber, hittle by lttle, and added to the commun stoclr, by the jabors of the plilo-ophier and the acientist, Now, Voltaite Lappily united, in the compre- hensiye sweep and siruciura oi bia iutelect, many of the quahities that belung to Loth thess classenot teachern, Hio philosophy was ceat in the mold or science, His inteilect was botn discursive and praciical, Hence, It hasome- ¢ uies sooma to soar abovo the earth, it ia pnly to rwereb for and bitug down something to an- Bwer its practical noeds. ST 18 N THIS MONE ELEVATED ASPECT of hus characier, tu which the disoovery uf truth was tho | rioipal aun of hia lit, that I'desire to view Vultaive to-uight. Aod,if 1 am noi mis- taken, it will 08 fauud, upoa & fair review of it that Lho mora mun of latters ainka into iusigoiti- caoca when compared with the plulosopher and the philanthropiag, and thst the csndid mind must sawit that, whatever wers the faulta and faulings of this extradrdinary man, which ren- dered him the conspicuous object of abloquy and detraction for mote thun half & century, his careor mards an eralu tha progrosa of huuman thought, and fairly entitles himto be considered ana of the grestost beusfactors of his raoe, But, bators proceeding with my maio design, 14 soemn indisponsabla to take a brief glauco at TUE OONDITION OF THINGS I¥ YRANCE at the ::me Voltalie took a lesding gart io thom, aod ot the various induences at worlk 1o formhis wiud aod maold bis churacter. Under the reigy of Louis X1V, the French na- tion advauced with rapid usrides towards wealth aud power, sud wielded an influenca that wis feolt and acknowledged over the rost of Europe. Dut tue peopls thrmselvos reaped lititle bonsfit {row tue proayierity, ‘Chey were cruaned under burdens that wers really jusun ortable. Uusciu- putous rulers fiiled all the oitices of tho Btste; & prufligate pricuthood guverned the Church; snd all the avauues to wealth and distinctlon were movupolized bya [ rorites of the relgoing wousreh, A lsuded aristucraoy Liad possessivn of ull the groat esistes of the restm, snd thess weva wolked for their benetly by a servile popu- lation, who nover dresmed of rislog ta any tugber condltion, The minds of the lover clarucs wero thapired with awe mod terjor by the 10liz10us toacliers, wLose ouly lnstruction cougluted in 8 Mmixtuio Of unnesuing cant aud the most degradrd su erob.tion, Aud these sslutary lea vim wore eifarceld Ly thw iron rod of dieciphue. It uny wan, Lulder than the 10st. da d 1o rebl whaiust thew, Le wuy Lro gl (0 & proper seund VI Ve vuormity of biretime by the okl 1guomia.ola juishe wents, Cuoro juenily, scarcelv si7 man way found to uiter, 1w & whisver, uls d.sscut trom the auormuus abu-cs that wero pus:ticod by Laun tho ecc'orinssical aud eivil wnthoritles.” If Lo under ook to publish suytling sgaust thew, ha was tbrown it g rwau, bie {1000ty confisoated, his writings suppressod, sid be himsclt only CHICAGO, MONDAY, NOVEMBER liberated op pain of belng banisted from hia conntry. As botween the two thome punish- monta ‘were worse fn ceson of offenao againms tha Church than against tus Biate. Hare, the fury of the ministera af the mild Ganpel of the Bavior of wapkind knew un bounda, To pro- foas any faith different from theiis, to intorfere by word or act with thele woratily, to queation theit suthority to medials betwean ‘wan sng e maker,—thens wera crimes of the deepeut dye, to bo punished in & way that should appal ail other tranagresaora—satnetimen by tor- wire, Bometimea by the flors of a lmh, but most usuatly by being burned at the wtake. ¢ Lnke's iron csown and Damicn’s bed of steel " wera thud uo mere fancy akeichica of tho paet, but, the saddeat of realities, in sotne of the moat cummon {nstances of infraction of the ecclonfantical lawn. [t seems scarcely credible to ua, living at & timo wien public opmlon Iy out- rpuken agaiuat eoormities of overy nature, that only » little more than s century ago, not only 1 France, tus in other coantries of tise Old World, & ware idlo ward aad or written agafnut tho con- atituted religton was linble to-hs mot with such terrible vetribution. And yet (Lo instances sre numorous {n which VOLTAIRE INTERFERED, at tha risk of Lberty and life, to prevent such atrocltios, To relato a nlugle one iu this con- oeetion: A young oflicer . the Nosth of Froyco by the namo of La Darre, scarcels ar- rived al yoara of discretion, wan brought beloro tho tripunal of Abbovitlo fur passing in fron: of & Juocesston of miopks without tomoviug hia bit, and of siuging souga ridiculing the Chrle- tian roligion, Io addition to thoue helnous of- fevnan, it waa known that be Lad in his posses- alon Voltaire’s Philosophical Dictionary, and hia groat moat Treatlso upon Toleration, Forthese crimes tho youtog man was condemned to auffor t0 moat cruel torturen, aud sfterwards to bave bia tongue and bands cat off,—a sentenco wlich, thanks to the exeriiina of Yoltaire, was not iit- orally exocnted. Voltaite's defonso of 1.a Barre cama near Costiug bim Lis own lifo. The same tribunal which condomned the one would up- donotedly have passed aentence on tho other, if tLey couid bava fosnd unfiient proof that he waa tho sutlior of tho Philraoulhical Dictiouary, one of tho proscribed worke fouud n La barre's 1'osseasion, It wad atrocious acts of this nature, commit- ted Ly the clezgy aud tolerated by tas Govern- mgput, that fiist rouscd Voltalre's rceontment. As soon 88 Lo was old onough to comprelivnd tho sjtuation, his groat soul took fito at thom, and ne was dotormined to devote his hife and talents to tbe extirpstion of such abuses in Church sod State. To tlis cud all the rosourcos of bis vast learning, his uarivaled wit, and brill- iant genius, were diructed, Happily, hie sus- tained lugh social ralations with wome of tao firut ,lmrmnn;wa 1n the Governmont, and, boing Jett in independont cirsumstances, bribery and the frowns of mer nover swerved him from biscourso. Iiad ba heen inoiated from socisty, and thrown, in youth, penailess on the world, Lia groat talents inight not bave aved Inm frow the common fate of 80 many supertor kouls, weighed down by navertr, who, in that age of tho worid, yielded to the blandishnients of wealthaad powar, and becamo tus gasy fustrnmentsof tsran- by in bigh places, But Voltaire sood high above theso influonces. He disdamad all thuse politi- cal advaniages which bis wealtly, his powerful conuectiony, and Lia talenta might easily have socured bim, and, at an early age, ho cntored the groat strugglo for gopular rights which was thou just bezinuning to sgitato the miuds of man, not a8 a subaltern, or & merconary waitiug for sowme one to condact hiw inio the fray, but ns s leader, ready to rush into the vau, and to direct the storm and the winrtwind, Titly to relate wuat he did for suffering hu- manity, at thls critis aod in this cause, would fitl a volume, and & volumo 80 bright aud redeom- 10g B4 to atons—in the minds of reasonsble men —tfor all the faulis, roal and 1magioary, with which his moat malignant epemics have loaded bia memory, Icau paueo to montion but, A PEW EXAMPLES. It has almost passed into s piroverb that it was the pen of Voltairs, more tha all other causes combined, that elimulated (he Frooch Revolu tiou,~that miglty reaction af the homan mind azainst centories of wrong smd opprassion. Nor g tho influence cf his writings in tavor of hu- man hberty copfined to his owncountry, It was felt with almst equal power in _other parts ot Ewape, as woll a8 i Ameriua. It is scaicelv an exaggerntion 1o say that it roquire+ no very critical sxsmination of Voltaire’s works to ais- cover {n them the gorm both of tho Declaration of Independenco and uf tho Constitation of tho United Btaten. His far-reachiug vision saw in tho uot far distant futnre the ultimate emanci- pation of the race from bueh religious sud j.o- litieal alayory, nud hus fertite brain turuished for their guidance thoss priuciplos of equity and toleration which are, in our day, the leading and famihar landmsrks undes ail systoms of froo Goverumont. To stem tho tarrent of wshgloua pereceution, of which, to a certain exient, be had Inwmself been the victim, Voltalie oxerted his lugncst en- ergios, 1 hava already a) luded to tho casr of La Barre. Thatof tho faudly of dMontbailll wos oqualiy cruel and melancholy. The hustand was bruken upon the waecl, and tho wife condeniuod todoatl. But, by tles efforts of Vollaire, her wepionco was revoked by tha very Judues who had pronounced bier guilty. One of the most memorablo acis of hus Wifo was his interforence ln bebalf or the Protesmot family o, Calas. ‘Tho tather had been condewned, without the loust shadow of ovideoco, for killing his sun to prevent hia reiap iug futdy the Cutaolio faith, Yug thls the old man waa broken on tus wheel snd his wife and caildrent put to tha toituro, ‘Tue whole family siterwards iled to Uoasvs, 1 Britzerlund, whers, with otbor fugitives from the aame kind of persecu tion, they wero protected and sopported by Yoltsuo, For more thay threa yuara he labored nuremitiingly to beve this in- Rocent fumuly reatwred & rueir lost rights snd propaity in Frunce. N other event in Lis lifs seuiond L0 tiave affocted bl a5 much as this. Ho declared that the lioirors porpe.rated in peacoable aud enlightased timoa wers worso thau the masxdore of Sit. Dartholomew, norpe- trated duiing the darkoess of fanaticis) * Dur- ing those sad three yoars.,” ba writes, “nol s atntle bas escaped mo without my reproaching raysoll tor it as fora critae,” ‘Chanka to bns great Iabors, the worst teatures of thls religious perescutian, [ike thawotat featuresof the jeudal aystam, wero {iaslly put an eod to iu France. While tho miud ‘of Voltaire wzs tled with valuable fac,e, which ba couid draw furth at will, 1t was egually rerttte in ORICINAL CINCEPTIONS There Ia scarsoly s grest roform by whioh, In Ister times, tho progress of mav has been ao- celcratod, thut 18 DL in sowe way coupecied with jns name, He was the first great. thinker in Europa to draw ottention to the vaine and practicauuity ot troe trade among vations. Ho was also the tirct to give the right dirsction to historical atndios wnd compositions, by divorting e mind fromn that vasl moss of useloss awl wasisoroe detail concerning cuniuerore and their performances, aud frox che fables with which hiutory, both s~ cred and profsue, isfilled. With Voliaire, partiou- Iarly towards the lator part ot his 116, 1no noiions of individuals. Lowever illu:trious, conuted for very little in the march of human affairs; and be clearly discerned and pointed vut the law, by virtue of which difarent sociutien are odmeuted aud controlled, as beimg something anslagous to the laws which bind togetbor duTorent paris of tho umverss, ‘'‘lxamine,” says he. 1 one place, ‘‘the situsilonn of evory people npou eartn. They ara ail slike (cuudm{on a tmin of oocurrencen sasminply without copnection ; yet they ate al} coonecied. {n this {inneuso moe caine sil is whieol, puliey, cord, or aprng. Liie the same tbing in the phyeical univeteo.” He waa tle suthor of tho eaving ** that the Worat k& YO OAU Put & mun tu i4 10 bang bhiw," Hlouce hie oxsrted Limaalf to abolish capital pun- isament throngbiont kurope, aud be fnrmshed all tas arguments that Lave wince boen repoated by others agaiost this barbarous custom, e abuorre:] cruelty of every kind, and lhe oousequently batea wars with a cordial hatred, some OF s keensst satire baiug levelod agmnst the wilitary apint, Notbing can ba tuor than thie lis.lo pooni ke wrute un this ibject, calind w1 Pasiique repressnts himse!f s be- ing av his Looksells’s ous day, whiow he was asied to puraliase a new book, ~ Voitsire asked Liiwn whst ¢ was, Tho booksoller gave him the title. ‘¢ La Laciiquel” he replied; * [ caunat Just now recsi the mosuing of his laatued ex- pre sion.” The bo.keeler told uim iL was » word brought from Greece into Fisuco, sud msant the Urnnd Avt, 1uo art of all arts, and us addod shat ¢ was a buok Voltaire codid niz af- fuid 0 be Wit d0us, 4 it makes man's destins and 1itls alf the wieties uf the ueblew minge, I bouriat bin Tag des,” continucs «he poa , wud La- Noyud wnysult Eapyy. Ihoved tatind it the art of proloiging baman o, and of wieviating e imerlss—tne ary of oahuvating my tax of living withous pasaion, of Jugating my desiri uader the Yoko ol reason, of beivg just towards all men, without beiug the dape of sny, 1shut myal! upin sy closeh, Lyead, Iovon eet bofore wye 15, 1875. self the task af learning by hears a book ro divine. Butny felendn.” Lo adde, **this srt was the art of cutting your mejgbbor's throat. [ Ieamned thst in Gormanv, upon & bima. & gond prie<t amused Limself with mixlog an'phar snd saltpetoro | that an enormous bail, which in dis- charged with & Joud report, onght to Lo sunod s Bttlo Lign to fall & lictls lower : that from & Lrunze tnbe death tes suddeuly in.the direction of & parabola, and crisbes 8 Lundred automata ranged {n file." le then yoes on to show how the author of the book paints womo wight-rob- bera npon the vioss-road, discreotly srmed with rubros and acaling-la iders, At firsi thoy assadsi- uate tive of mix sontinois ; than, ascretly muunt- ing the wa'ls of the city, they sur(riae the poor inhalstants m the midst of slcop, murder the mey, violate the wotnen, slaugbter the childron, and, woary with their work, dnuk wine, belong- inglo others, on tho heaps of the nlain, The Nt mording sees tham going to church ta reu- der thanks to God (ur this ugble en- terprise, * Btrangely surpriced at thia vaunted art, ran - back tho booksuller's snd retutned to him his volume with thess woidu : *‘I'eke your Tactics ! detesia- Lls baokeeller of Baeizebun! I cannot bouove that human nature proceedod from tha hauds of the Crostor to thus iusult ta eteraal benefactor, and 10 oxlnbit ®o miueh rage and extravaganca. May, witi his too fugers, without anns, without defense, waa uot made to abridgo tho days whicn nocessity bad s.roaty rondared wo suort. I hate all heroew, from the greas Cyrus down. [hear thetr admirable conduct vauutodin vaur 1y from the whole tribo, nod wish thew all su dinble,’ From this brief and imporfect summary of Voitairs's contributions to tho thoughts of the world, it 1snot ditlieslt to arrive, in a geveral way, 8t what may be called 19 gyrLosoriy, Tis aiudied all the difforout metaphyaical avatems of xnciout sud madarn timae, aul prized the truthy mauy ot them coatain, Yet his wiad did oot vest satisfiad with them. He had a still higher respect for the dircavorios which atthar directly or indirectly miniater to the duily wauta of men asnd advance binm in kuowl- edgo. While yer a ung msn he winited Bnglaud, in 1720, found men intenwely sgitated ver the receut spacu- Iations and discoveriea of Locko aud Newton. Whils hio doos ataple justica to Lacke ue & meta- phtician, cootrasting bim witth Lis own emi- neut coumteymen, Descartes and Maleorauche, whom be reprorouts as oconstracting the ‘*ro- muanoe of tho sout.” while Locke wrote its lis- tory, be, neverthelees, looked with tnate favor upon the graud achievewents of Newton, In whoye praise ho can hardly find fanguage o es- press himsslf. This biss tn uudoautsdly owing 1o the fact that he cansulerad the etuds of meta- phyuics o8 being uatarally less prolitic m uvefal tesuits than that of usatural vhilosopby, **The metaphysicians,” says be, msy not’ insptly bo combared to that class of g'adiators ko mo compelled to fighit with a bandage ovor their syes. But whou Newton, with his eves open, applied bhimswlf o mathiomatical researchies, his viowd extouded to the limits of tha umverso." ‘T'o the wamo oifect §s tho conclusion he reeches, aftor examining the differont systoms of aucient philocopliy. **After tha assertious of the au- ciont philosoplars,” he remacks, ** which 1 bave approached s nearly as possible, what romaiug o us 7 A chaos of doubts and clumeras, I bolieve thsre nover was ajhilo opber of & system who a1d not confesns At tho ond of his life that ho bad Jost bis thne. It muss be contessed that the tu- voutors of the mecnauicaf arta hava baen wuch more uselul to man than the invontors of wyllo- Ririos Mo who first imagined s ehip towers high above bim who imagiuod 1nnate idoas.” t will be easilv seou, from these remarks, that ths philosophical systom of Vol.aire bears a closo rosemblance to tuat of Hacon, and that the axprossion which Bacun uses to describe hix own philosophy, viz., tho * Philosophy of Fruits,” is an exact description of tho philosophy of Yoi- tatre, In tho opibion of buth of these illustrious men, thero 18 1o pursuit ia life worthy of suions attentiou unloss it have a practical value. To ndvanco mau's matorinf mioresss, to contrinute fo hils phyeical well-bewug; Lo waks his elistency hers more comfortable, mOre proaperous, more ha) py.—tlose wore the slmpls ineucs Lhoy aet bofore thom n their writings; aud how well they have succestied 1n turning the minds of meu from the barren spoculstions of |receding phi- losophers to the fertile ficlds pointed out by them ovary student of phifosophy knows. Now, oy sowe curiods tura {u ths wueel of fortune. it has fallon to thu lov of Jacou to re- ceive greator creait tusu be dewerves, and to Voltairo to receive less than be doserves, for their waivices 1n the aswe fleld of thought. ,?n our dsy, at leust, tho olatm put forth iu favor of thie English 1 biloshpher, that he s the {athes of the Inductive Philo-ophy, s not recopmized. It is nuivorsally conceded that either of the splen- did Italisn ‘vames of Leonerdo da Viaci, or of Galileo, bas o botter titls to 1t. Probably the teagous why the Frouch philosopher bas NOT MET WITH H18 JUBT DESERTS aro twofuld. He relgns aver too wmany pravinces {n the rea:m of thouglit to have aqual allegiauce paid to him 1o ali ; and besides that, the sanse- “ess clamor raised againsy bioy ou account of his religioua views has divorted attention from many of the noblest achiovementa of his genlus and wtelloct. 1t is not alons in thoe fate which attended thelr 1abora that a dideconce is soen bouvasn thess 1o iliustrious mon, but they were also dilfereat 1u the receptive qualitics of their minds. Bacon looked with distrust upon junavstions in acience, though the wystem bs taught would naturally lead to theta. to the Luus, he woald not adm: end of his daya, the truth of the Co, eruican ays- tom; and e doubted tbe utility of the telescope and otber joBliruments in seientilc investiga- tions, wlich 18 very mucl like doubting tus ox- perimental phitosoply iselt, Voltaire, on the coutrary, hailed with dslight every new dizcov- oty, and ho tells us tiat **natural philosopay Is a toine which cannot boéxplored withunt tho use of instruments which were unknown to tho an- cients, They accordingly remained on the brink of the avyes, aud reasoped upon it without koowing what it contsined.” It wonld Lo easy to run tbis parallel into the hife and career of the two mou, aud show bow the pliant and tiwe-serving Lugliehman trimmed bis sang to catch the popular br.eze, and floated sloug the tide to woalth and power; while tho vold Frenchman bid deflsncs to the popalar var- dict, &nJ, facivg every danger, sisked fortune, friends, country, aud even lifo, in the cause of trash and humapity. {might go st]l farcher, and compare thelr moral qualitiss, But 1 forvews, and wupld 1~ tate, o this point, ths delicate reservu of Vol- tare himself, whon speaking of thp charaoter of Bucov, whoas gentus and nritings be so much adared, Oa befng asked whother he bolieved Bacon gailty of the crime of taking bribes, e said: ‘1 profer to anawer this question 1 the language of Lord Bolingbrokv, on s certain o- casion, when some one spoko 1 liie presence of the avanco of the Duke of Matlborougt, and ap_eslod to him for itatruth. 1t was & guod op- portunity for Bolinghroite to mentton thy bal gnafities of ® orfebsated rival (ke Afarlborough. But ho sioply repltedt * Tho Duke of Marl. boraugh wad €0 great a man, I have forgotten that he had any vices.'" But I coms back to the philosonhy of Vol talre. Ad we liuve alvaady ecou, tha oy totbe whole of it 18 found o MAN'S JATERIAL JMPROYEMENT, ‘Ta uso hls own words 1 ** I'hynlcal oxyvoriments, sbly conducted, arts snd bandigiatl, —taese aro the truo plulosophy, My sage is the conductor of my windinsll, who dexterously catches tha wind, #o oy to gr.od wy cora equally for thy maintensuce of myself uod wy tanily. My ssgo 18 be who, with his suuile, covers iy walls wirh pletures of L.uen or ot silk, brilliant with the fin- ost volure; or ha who pute Ww'o my pockel & chranometor of eilver or goid. My sage 18 tha wvestigator of natural jaws, We leain moze e tho tingte experuuents of the Aobe Nulles thay from ail the philosophical works of antiqui- ey Whilo Voltalio saw, with aa keen A vision ws was over giveu motal to reunlnln ths fusure, that the sxpotimental plulosophy would revalus tionize sind dispouscss gll othier wothods for dis. covering truth, hu did ot shist by eyes to the pracuesl didlcaltion du the way, Thus be did uot uxfuu'l- tue comiug harvest ail ar onco, but fisd the patiencs to wait for it Ner did e delude inmsel with ths oommon belief of whallow owpiricists, tuat sl bis sins ware in the rght direction, Wuat hio savs of bis great countrywsn Desosvies, 8, W wany teapects, traa of Liwsaf 1 * Ef 1 Wany tuluke b wud euutely wistakon, it wuat by renomoated tust tha dwzoverer of tew lauds eathinok jueautly bucoma aequsioged with aki thoo vy productions avd quilies.” Aud wh.tu cuutgntary npoa tho conadent assu suce Of v waly vas ptoiendois in social rviotes 1o this coutrasion ot Yuliav' e, ta bis old age, whot he might bave saypouad, if wuy humen bewg canld suppose, that itv-loug exertoud 1u the cause of miwmamiy sxainat fguorsucs aud superrtition would yiold their vromised fraite! *'L uow usys ho, only n fow yoars befors his e musi wtili raik thres or four huadred years. But the day must come when good men will erin their cause.” Nuw what was it that HUSTAINED IM1s BUBLDIE PATIENCE through sil thiers wesry yuats of Warfaro with evory form ol wretchedinss svd evi in the world? It wen that pliloso, v, of which Lo was At onco the diaciple and in pare the discovarer, which sun:aw wo mavy other woary prigrims, st tue prasent day, and whowe brightoses 18 iie Juminating the Tuture of the race. The grest bistorian sud philchoplier sax in Lis day, with ulmost a4 clear yvimon as (hat with which Comto, and Buckls, pnd letbert Bpeucer have Aeen in our day, that through the tanylod web of the life of mav, an well 8n the lifo of natione, there runs a throad which binds lum sud them 10 indissoluble Lies with the past of their fel- lowa, aud couducts, with unernug certmuty, to tho higher furtre 1n stors for them. ‘Tl bright lmo of conuection may, st times, grow dun; 1t may seem, at times, tu he aimont broken, so that man in geon as the mere crealuis of circtm- atauco. or the eport of some blind easnice, Dut, after coriaio iotetvals, ita luwmwnnoas pach becomes ngain vigivle, sud, 1f due rllowance be mauo for tha intervention of long periods of Litao, ite existeuce lLecomes s certain ua the laws which eawmtain the urder and harmouy of tho phynical universe. Now, by whatever name wo choone Lo call this Rroat powar or principie of nature, which directs 3 vatal fugeonnd progesnen,and presdus uver ail itn ug.erativnn, it 18 veen to he nnder the duminjon of fixed wnd unchaugeable laws. Tuis iden 58 oxpressed by Voltaira in shin following msnune ! Latper the world mubwsts b 1te own uatir thiat is, by its own phyeical laws, or & Supromo Bu.ng bas formed 1, ‘nccoid:ng to 1lis nubroy juws,_In both these casen the fans sre imnatas blo. Tn both casus evervthing is uoces.ars. leary bodics tend towards tis ccnire of the earth, withiout having suy powsr to rest in air, Pear-treca caunot producs pine-spples, Iho instinct of s spuniel canuot bo the etiuct of au ontrich, Lversihiug is arran, sijuated, avd fix2d,"" And In spealung of el mentary heat, which formed tho subject of ko much discussion 1n hs time, Voltaro” advauces o) intons gpuon the origin of orgauc exience which ard 1 entirn barmony with the moro sd- vanced thougut of the | rewant day. *“If ) daro Lazard iy doubtn,” be suys, ** I confoen I donot think 1t impossibie that "this element of heat wiay be the sutstance which, {s part, aninates nasice and holds & certamp rolation Letsosn bodies which wao kuow, and others which wa do not kuow, just as certafn organizod vlauta serve a1 & pasage between the vegetablo and the ani- tonl lungdoms. Eversthing tends to make us befiave thore in & chain of bsiugs nang by de- giees from lower 1o higher forws. Weoult vow know im;erfoctly certain livkd in this uomeose cuain, Lo this opiuion I ouly exposs my duubts; and we ought to caltivate phbilusophy, which teachen uw to doubt mbout everything which lica#| beyond the proviace of miathewstics and sctual sxpeniment.” I'v 1188 from the contemplation of the origin of ruiwated beiugs to A CREATIVE POWEB— & first Great Cause—seoms au easy step, and he.e we vhall hnd our philosoplier oceupyiug tho ugheut plave ot wodern taougbt. 5o far Liow denying the oxistence ot the Buprems Being (u charzo attan Lrouglt agsinst Lum by lus guomien), no rriter Las dous o0 much to prove it. Uat the God of Voltairs 1s Bemng of 1ar noblor pretorsions aad sttoibud than is found s the creed of aoy roligious soct, auci or modata, being shoru entirely of thoso autla- iwmorphous qualivies which aeform and degrade lis charactos. 1ot in this [ulall let Voltaire peak for Limsoif. Iu criticism upon the Fronch atasiatical au- thor of tho '‘Nystcto of Nature,” e makes thues Tomathins ** Our suthor succossfully dus- poset of te God of;the schaol-men—a God com- posod of diecordant qualities—s God to whom, as 10 those of Hower, ato attnbuted the pas- rions of men~» Gud capricious, tickle, uures- souatle, abaurd. But lie caonot disprove the God of the wise, who, contemp.nting uature, ad” it au itelligeut aud Suprome Lawer. Agsin: *Lnav to you, continus to cultivate virtue, to be beneticont. to regard all supersti- tion with hiorior, or with pity; but adove, with e, the demign which ¢ mauifosted ju all us- ture, and consequently the autbor of that de- #ign."” %md again: “Inmy onioiop, the moet fitting Lio:nag® toat ean be rendered 10 God in to sinud forwerd in Ilis dcfeuss, without spger: as the wost unworthy poriruit thst can be druwy of Him is to renrecent Him s viudie'ive and fu- rious, He is truthitzelf ; and trutu is witliout passion,” A noble expression, aud worthy 10 be written jo lsttera of guid. Iu auotoer place he remarke: * A father wha kills bls offepriug (s amanatar; a liug who con- ducts b subjeces 1uto & Buaro, in order to ob- tain & pretext for delivesing them up to pun- whment and torture, i8 su exccrsble tyrant, If you couveive God to possess the same kindnesa which Fou require in s father, the ssma justios you requite 1 a Kiag, no posaible resource ex- ists by whieh, it we may uso tho ex- pression, God can Dbe exculpated. Aund b afoming Him to posscss nlde niie wizdnm and infinits goodaess, you in fact ronder Him infinitely odious. You_excite the wish that He Lud po exmstence, You furuish acms to the atneist, who will ever b justisoed in triuphaotly sayiag to yous: *Better by tar i8 it to donv (od altogether tban to impata to Hrm sach conduct s, 1z mar, you wouid punlsh 1o the Jani exiremity of the law.' Henceit 18 vobsocoming in us 1o ascribe to God Lu.uan at- ttibutes, It in not for ns to make Him sfter our onn image. Huinan justice, human kiuducss, s0d human wisdum can vover he appiied or mads suitable to llim. e wey oxtend these attn- butes, in our imagination, as far towards intinity as wo arp avio, ey wi'l never boother than bumsn gualities, mitlh boundarias perpetually or ndefibicely tomoved. It would ba oquaily ra- tiousl o aitributae to thm intinite sohdity, su- finite motion, infiuite rouvdueey, or infinite di- vimbility., ‘Lhese atinibutes can never bs Liia." We muat, tusrefors, neauit Voltalre of the charge of athesm; though wo shail have to ylead guiity for bim to THE CHAROE OF DEISX. Nevertheloss, 1t cannot bo deuiod that his hos- tality Lo the Christian roligion was inspired more Ly it perverdions xnd aousea than by any 1n- wrivsic quuiities. Thus 1n bis review, alroais notied, ot tue contemnprary author of the Sva tew of Nuture, ho uses these wordae : ** Relig- ion, you say, has pioduced thonssnds of crimes—say, ratber, superstitution, wiich, nu- nappily, reigns over the' giobs. 1t is thomont crucl apomy of the j ro wousmip of tha Suprsme Being, Let us detent this moustor which bas beau cousiantly tearink the bosom of its mother., It fs & serpent_juc.osing religion tn its folds. Itn Liead wuat bo bratscd, without, Wuwaver, wound- 1ug the parvnt, whom it poisous aud devours.” Audpguiu ¢ You amrm itis but oue step from adoration to supeistition. But this step is a0 intuity to well-constitutod minds—and these are now very sumerous. Thev are ac tue hosd of nasions. ‘They wiueace publio tnaovers, aud, yoar by year, the fanaticismt that over- upreu?n the “sarth 18 recsdivy in its decestable usurpations.” Aud ju his sssaulis upon the differcnt sects, ,both Protostant snd Catnodio, wa always find him treatwr with lenity sod making oxceptions in favor of the Quakers, wloso peutls masners and pacific dispositiuu he eulogized aud aduuired, sa much o that in uis old sgo he doclared hes would Lko to crosa the uccan 1o Pennsylvania aud spend thio rest of his days 1u their soclety, — » wigh tor frow beiug eutertained by Aoy very ad mau. 5 bull the truth must bo told thut Voltaire lauked with Littie fuvor upon a religion wnoss head aud founder declarea Ko cawo not £5 bnngy peice, but & sword, 1uto the world; & religion whoso fuundation rested on wopernaturaliiew ; whoss usered reo.rdu wero poisored witn fuble and sy tion, snd filled witk couthictiug any socousistent statemeuty; whose wils cureer was marked, from tho earliest times, with the Huwss of watring dectw, with orueliy, bloodsbed, raping, aud slaugbter. ** What aru wa 1o thiok ol humso teason,” be exclaimy, ** whon wu ro- tlect tuat Nowiow, Locke, Clarke, awl Leibuitz would buve desn porsscutod 1 Eravee, imprise ouod i1 ltome, and buined at Lisbous" It 1 hatd o toll whothier the wall sud bikkeruess that overiowed uie pun is croater when to dewcribus L ] NUMBER <2, ances, he would hav iodigulties aud mv 4 lumaal msutteld 3, amoug whioh pro- scniption, ampise S -, apd exlle were only a part. o m., . bave teazonrd wih bininelf, like 80 many othera uader munilar cir- camatances: *Itin Lo, much doub: surronnds tho ancred hiatory. Thero are inconmnienc.en in 16 thit cannot be reconciled with roasou. Many of tho loading clisra:ters who fizure iu it are untworthy of tmitation, or aven of respoct. Much of itateaching 1s dogradivg ana demoraazing, 0 that without tha sanction of supernatushem, it would falt to the giound. il on the whole, 1t 1a bolter toLmliove init, sngd 1o enconrage othera to bolfevs in 1t.” With nomo such ples aa thus Voitaito mignt have saved ap- pearances. and stiad hus real rentimonts, Ani what & world of calomny and_persceniion he might bave escaped! Dat much s vourne was toreigo to bis impetnons spirit. Haviog breen onco convinced that the srored oracies were not what thev claime1 to be, bie pronounced agajnst them, aad e pronounced agawst them in snch & tonn that the whole world Leard it, 1f thoy did not hoed it." ‘That e only led the way to concluxions ar- Tived at by 8o many onligbtencd minls 4t tne Piesert dav; that he was ooly & p.ogeer in pro- claiming tue emancipation of the 1ass from hige otry and muperntition, is now but t.0 aptarent. For we see wil aronnd ua 8 shakiug up of the dry Loues of the oid (hoology. 1bhey loat most of *. 1t can ny louger jutimidate us with ful Judpe. or its endlesn tortires : or clieat 48 Wit its Lollow dogmas. Slufetiuo in omr day thanin Lis, 18 the temark of Voltuire, that ' there if not yn all Europe ono statemnan, ano man At all verawd iy the affars of tow world, nho hun ot ths mast 8 ipro.ue contemnt for the legenda Wil wiieh we Arve mund 1t relizion no loner gives bircia tu civil w: iato philosophy that weare indebied, thoological dispite ning to be tegardod in muzh the yame muamine as tue quarrels of Pusch aud Judy st the Vair,” 1u the uext place, Voltairo's mind was of T)0 Fib) HESSIVE AN GRLLR to reat leng in uu ed wy-tzm of esther ra. ligion or yo erument. Nvove pereeived rnd nuderstond betler than he the uarch uf the Lumau intellest, anl that. connequently, what is miritable 10 one sge becomes ubroeto aud oy of place in another, Chnstanity, liks otber 1= siitations, bay chanzed va foim. ats rues, ite doginay, nnd genersl pality, time an't again, to Wit jta changioy envirooimeut, aud Lo adipy itsal! to changing oecosition. 1t waa onm thinge n Roie, wuother thing i isesia 3 one thing the Middle Aces quits auotter thing in tue niveteenth contary. Brokeu up anta differens Ascty, Buma ars veeh Iggiig in the Teac of the genernl progress, poms fow keoping pace with it—but almost all Lalting beluud at, aud thro v- ing obstacles in 1ty wag. Almont every discov- ory in acjence weakeus its prelensinus toa Di wino origin, and abpdeoy ity cmpire over the souis of men ; #o that 1t raquires nd praphetic ion to farecast the time wheu it must teot to ko its clunce witn oiber relic.ous and ethical wratsma s (ho race for precedorca, aud when the misty mantlo of supernstural.sm mll falt frim the shoulders of ita authar, snd ifo ba made to suand. fike tho test of homanity, exclusively ou His merits as 3 man, Juded by thig standurd, it will be found, wuhous 8 douot, that He bae left ua a rich lezaey tn His nild and human precepes, and in the example of heroic fortitude with nhich He endured poverey, porse- cution, and dest. Siill, Ho will havo to sbato wiib sthors the crown nf martyrdom, s well »y iho glory of baving catabilsied a sow’ dapeusa- ton. Nor need we fear, in this changed aspect of our 1615108, that tue world will be enveloped £ durkness. For thousands of veara tho religious svstems of Duddla aud Confucis huve holped to preservo the civilizations of the [ast. And who tliat Las properly Leeded the signe of the tunes does not sep that iu thia coming centur.ee, s fucd of wew Iight wil be poured upon our prorout Igmoranco of man's spiritual ustare, aud upon that almost total darkuims which hovers oier the tomb? Bat it will not descand upon um fron on high through rome divioe or savernatural agency. Theeo problems wiil be worked out, like othens, by the unassist- ed and nwogpired inteilecs of wan. QOczasivpally, some a ostle of progress, like Voltairs, will riso to destroy some of our fdols, barbaruue wain waged in delcdee such & relgiow, or” whem bhe Fe- cuunts the eryocutions 1 iutheted on iuuocent individuals. Ho jnudged the trce by itu fraia; and when Lo way'oku Churel of his timo briugmg foith pich weiop vl ca- lanidsien to man, 13 turned ww.y 24 vean, ava ciiud 0ug iy the bitteiuess of bis waul, Lae inwous ! iufawmo m i NOw, FUKRE ALE TWO VA8 in which the antagonisw 0f s0vs b WAD AgMINLE the provsiling religion way b mrlunwd and ag- couuted for. Iutbo first | lice, he saw 1y tlin reliziou what he believed to Vo palpavle errore, i udt dowaright inoosturs; sid uws habits of miod were those of & msu who, beiug oucs cou- vineed, i mot slow ta sy hisconclusivus bo- fore theworld. Hsd ho wsuppressed hia utte; avd to point out the path nhoad, which, it we nuieus it, will lead us o the rrght direction, Now and thep some explorer in tbe arcapu of nature will mako a uew discovery that wlil star- tle us by 1ta grandeur and novelty. Thas, lit- tle by little, stop by nten, will the plaue of our vision be extended, nod our conquests aver na- ture be eolarged. With these acquisitions wiil cotno clearer coucepiions of our relations with another life, aud with tho Suprewe Intel:oct, So that {: is reasonsble fo suppose that, after tho iapee of long pesiods, our progress 1n tho science of man, aswell as tho sc.encn of God,will be a8 marked as in and other departmeut of human koowledge, Now, if this mothod of arriviug at truth ba tho correct one, hios can we justis impute it to Vultaire, as & fault, chat he "did "not substitute some other aystem for the ona Lie tried to over- throw ? that in dethrontug one worship he did not seat auotber ous in its place? The reason s pimply thas, not beitg a eroed or systom- maker, hoe bad no substi:uto to offer. 1fa un- dertooz merely 10 purss the mind of error and supersiition, loaviug it free tosolve the religious problom, liko othors, by tho study and evolution of natural lawa, 1lad tho queation, put by Job, boen acked Vol- taire, *‘Cuost thou by searcnivg flnd out God :* I have no doubt he would have suswered, “Most mssuredis, if found at all: aud iuno athier way. But th'a ‘scarcting’ will have to ba protrsc-ed through the s aud directed towardu the book of nature rather than towards any book of reputed rovelation. For the celess tial manpa will bot full dosn from Heavea oo meu's lps, uosourht, any more than othor kindu of wisdom. If we want thw * peat! of great price,' we must search for it uocassivgly 1n those fountains of truto, vn'y w fow of which have as yet becu unsealed vy the band of s3.énco—fountamns nlhich lie outelde of suy scarch that has hitherto boen mado for thow, deep bid in the uncxplored depths of the Buwsn soul, as well us io thosa sLil more mys- terious aud diffi*ult paths of knowledge, a1 leading in one direoliou through matuse up to vatare’s God.™ In couclueian, tot ue boar in mind thnse mem- oratia words of the great naturalist. Charles Darwin ; *Ignorauce moro froquentiy begels confldence than doss kuuwlodgo. Ity those who know littte, sud not those who kuow much, who so posttively aesert that ¢his o that probs lom wili nuver be salvodeby science.” fats glorsi iy OR, LUDLAM. TUREE MOXTOE IN TUE HOSTIFALR OF pPARIS, Oa Fridsy evening Dr. Ludlam, of tbis olty, delivorod s specia) Jecturo ap tho haboes mann Medicsl College, mn which b decaliod bis rocout oxperiancs aud odacrvaliohs 1u s Laris. isu hospitate, ‘The nudisuce was composod of & Iarge number of the more prominout yhysiciave of Chicago and viciuity, aud tha modical olass of the College. Hesud: Medicatly coasiderod, Paris is tho most won- derful city tn the world, and yet, while Chicago nas flye madical colleges, shio hus usvor bad bag oue. Dat that school was in successful opera- tion wheu the sceds of the leformatlon wera veing suwn o Germal sud whea Columbua mado Lis voyags of discovery to Amerles. Her oldest Lospital was oatablishied noarly 1,200 years =0, and chio bus mare fanmons teacers in wedi- cin0 aud surgery thin auy otber city, whother it be ancient or moderu. Even in Parts, where thore is 0 much to ate tract anddivert one's atteution from uia, choson purgut, the carudat puvsiclsn 18 inev.iably drwwn towstd tho wedical scbool snd shoe hospie tals, sud other Objects ure of wocoudary impor- taue i good reason for this, and why the au- tiguariay, o3 well a3 the doctur, shondd 1urn big stopn taward theso samu mstitations, For, with all tha political vigwanuara of Paris, snd uf LFrance, with her tehygiond aud eocial revolus tioby, and the uusestlud conlisun of ber atfulrs, which bave becomo chionie and apparentiy curahie, Ler chadisble instituione have nover boon burned down ur brakeu up, Luis 1y a great compsusating vloaaut wud fact m Ket cu ious bislorv, Ceutury Bfer coutiy u3s cous snd Rone, but these foustslue of worey to Lo ack aud tho shdicted umong her populaiion Mave NEVEW BEEM BEALED. War and pestilauce have spiead their divas- nviny mduvuces Wislin aud sithout ts beaatis fu, vy, L, wudes tle wost thiotouing wud Cruct G caiustauces, the i-act of tavso churition lua been warmed for their tuinated, aud theie winisiors nave alwsys stsod veady lo bind up thetr wonods, sud to sct them oo theic way agaiu. "J Lo fronchnian msy be ou the ctest of the wavo, of in tho trough of the ees, iu 80 far as Lia individ 1a) experlencen go, but be - &ota tho howpisal.. The Fraeh woman ey oa atas & Kuipus of sidoct.ou ona Ian-dog, or & Kitten. & baa-colored Larrier, or n €hirrup/ ao.n- PAnIou Wit Ina 1navitable ciguzatte, but she will not fail t2 lova the hospizal. The rioh are jntar- ented {0 thom becauss thev afford an asylnn to tho ucedy and tuo dastituie, and tha p.or bo- cauns they aro & last aud wuisiing resiurce, epeciat 'rovidouce syainst the mucabilities of beals und of fortuue. Thevall mauify tha gra:o of cuanity. Pris:ns and pslaces may bo denttuyed, sud the churches desecrated. but tlage monimen:s of meicy are touched ouly by the haod of Limm, Ths Coaunune may burn the Hozor do Vide, but iv wili sparo the Huter Dien. The b may guiiloding their Kiuga, snd may il cwseic Archuisbups, sod porsscute the clorgy, but it wiil rexpect wie phiynician THE KTAIILIY AND PERMAN o CHARITIES is & most importan: ejewent porfecting tha WOrd 1or wiich they sere designed, ‘Uhe Los- pitals ate uudar tus contral of tao gooersl al- WLSIINI0n, wUG U 1, therafore, depeud Upun conungent wud sacmmodwe gabsdiiptions, Luera s ot une of uli the thoussud places of awusement i tho way Capitsl waieh doda not Duy 1ts taibate Lo tiie | racticsl benevolends. A s oF 22 per vens eacki ol $0UK GoR 14 QNIY' A 8wl 0w of 16Yeuie, Lavit year s total our- reut expusined of tue Loapnisin sod shushou-es Of Pannazveeds 2000000, But tus wuule asbitin brid withant wuy migu of ths accsaibliog, ancd serd sz, wid bard woili, Winen aro Ko nec- W of Baiar enterytiees in QUF OB atittde. u Loncon £ tound that printed appesals for aid 1 b Ul tiig ur of tosl huspiiel wero pomehisies poeld o mgu-bourdd sang thu atreets ; And thag miationgs. ¥ coua,buiivn-toxes for tue Bame pur.ote wers na vo.utwun there aa £ho¥ aru 1 the uld ehugehon of Swizteraud. Tha dauy '3 erd ains wer: hdea with st roo. ype aud paractic adverasctucnis caiig for hup, oid Dewzing thelr rendeors 1ot to suder these chare itento Joagwan Lo the etk ol tuads, Bie o vunin Liksia 1s nuthine of the k, The moie taan 20,60 sick-beus, and ¢ 1) POMINY (0%~ | cluave ol Luraok) W0 aorve Ju vaziond Capaci- aro tursished and paid, waethor the vas cruilit gues up or Jo vy, and whether tae eapernnens of loundiug a Heswsic 8.:ceods or Aud, WoLL 18 WL oW Kaula, the whule 80Ut G PIEhL, —un0 Y 1n BoAUN (o i give movthing, and there 1s 0o aysiul. upoa tho Treanur,. T'mis eicellent management sccnres anotber sdvaniage, uos unly o the paiieuty a the hspt 1als, bat uhsu L0 Lo PUYB.CIINS ANY 2 Jents wi0 tesort to e for thy purpuso of tauing object- leeruus in the vataral hissory and troatwent of diveane. For it eustites the nitibior.tios to jro- vide a0d Ly pay 1or the best medical and surg-aal uttendsuce, Guanied by 2 | A BLULES UF COMPETITIVE EXAINATIONS, which estend turough sa.ernl yesrs, wan aro 0.¢D 10 candidates 1Tom all ovee vha workd, anl waichotetroe frowm ibo wiatched 1uflusnce of wed- icut polliIce, tilis aiTaIRDment sucures the beat tal- eut both fur prescr.bing uud turteaztiog. [t places thuse wLo fuj resent, Bud who are respousible for, the weveral depsitments of & hospital be- youd tao coutimgencien that beset tho most of us. Secuto tu tucir position, thiey may cultivace npecial uen of giudy, aud porfec. Lusmse;ves to s gegree whieh, under dideront circatasiances, 18 quite impusaible, And, not bedg forced o give tho wore rotuse of their tine to teucmag, tosir chaical lessons, especislly tu the way o1 disfor- autial diagnosis, ate very romarsable. ., luspeaking of toe sndient cussom of **watke ing tho wards " ol the haepical, which i still vugne in Panis, Dr. L, seid: It s a cutions foct, bowever, that the ivmates of these wardy are 82 educated ar trataed ta this custoin ay not only to Liave & singular puusunity from perturbation” or injusy on Lecount of these visis (o tusr bed- #ide, but that, in many cosos, they really swom to enjoy thom, I saw she babics and children in Voucaut's cluiie picked up, tarned over, oxam. ined, sud nandled just Lko su manv poodies, ‘They veithor wolued bor whilmpeted, nor aid they make tbo leaat show of fear or of yesiai- suce. And the larger subjeows, (Lo Bdalts, aco like A0 mauy I3y fizurcs, pasive, patient, wud aiwAys chzefful. Uu the priaciple of tho Spane 18l proverb, whicl hutds that * the gurdener's 100t doa't bure the flowera," I suppuse tuis old NCY OF THESR way 1a better adaptod tu the hos- pitals of Paris than 1t would ba to those of Clucago, whers we have a very differonl clase of patisuts ty daal with. Some of the ill elfecta of this peripatetic moda a.0 xlsocowpensuted by tho icoanant doull which 1 affords the swudeut in tho projer wanaer of oxamibiug 1o sick and of elicitag their symp- towms. 'Lhis edacation, whica is a¢juired inscn- nitly, serves to retno the pupila tn a romarcknvlo dogree, and to fawtiarize thew beforoonnd wida the etiquette ot the sick chaber, Of tho Hotol Disu, hawuaid : Lius 18 the oldest hospital ip Paris, and perhaps io the world, It was founded 1u the year tul, and for ceuturios was Uned ua & geueru! boapital. 'The population of thio city wmcteasod 80 greatis, without a corres aponding 1ncreasy in the facilitles of the justitu~ tion, that, in 1780, the patieuls were 80 numers ows that a8 mauy 8¢ foom tuur io viue of thewn were forcod to ocoupy & sing.e bed! Tho eivk aud the convalessent, “the deud aud the dving, cason of labor, of malignant fover. of small-pox, und of every descnipadun of sugical socident, were mixcd (1 horrivie confusiun, and tho majors 1ty of them who eutered the hospital dicd. his suate of thunga wan romedied 1n 1790, ‘Tue entiauce to the vla part of tbis bospital is vi-a-vis with Noire Dawe, these two atiuct ures baving faced each other for ceuturies. Both represent tho summit of professionsl am- bution, fur the priest in one and tho puyuivisn in tho oier are as high ss thoy oau hope ‘to get 10 this world, with a rair prospoct tor the uext. Tho [ectn:e was charactorized and illnstiaced by sxetches af the porsoual up,earauce, man- oers, and mothols of teacning of tus various hosuital coleorities, amang whom are Bernuiz, Dapanl, Gaerin, Vetneuil, sud Pean; and alau of i'ajos, Boclard, snd Clande Bernard, the greut physiotoziat. ~ ficr stating tuat the distinguishing feature of the French schuol of modicive of to~dav 13 ex~ cailouca 1n diazussis, Dr. Ludian cioiad with s torvible arguiont agaivas the prevalent idea that tho French sia a frivolous people, who are whul- Iy given to the pursuit of plesiure. ** Oue dav’s exerience iu either of the L wpitals, or In the wadical school of Parie, will prove tho contraiy, Lor, If thera is o class of men who sre sepousiy wecutied with tae duties of thew missiun, those of whom I hiava spoken are ity 1epresantatives. 1did not henr any *talkiog agalust time,’ thero vad no *padding,' snd pu vulgar aucedolo in nwy lectare, thera ware no erads snd sloppy ©_cccyes, aud no sermou-readiog. but evel téncier waa bubblng over with, and pot bal bituke over, his topio. Each one avidently csing forth tull of his munjact, began to tali, snd thon. a: Goethe putait, *warmed lumsoll by lus own e, ———— THE HISTORY OF PHILIP NOLAN. LECTULL BY TUE UEV, EUWARD EVERETT RALE, Tho Rev. Edward Everett Halo, uf Boston, was annotnced to lecture on * A Civil Bervant,™ w tho Bunday afternoon courxo at MoCormick 1Mall, yesterdsy. A jarge andisuce sssambled to hear him, but #is did uot lectiire oo the subjeot svnounced ; and, ou bowng lutroducea by Mr. Musry Nelson, doilscred Instoad a discourse on +* The Ttue History of Phitp Noisu" He re- marked, in passiug, thut the esme vame figured in bls sketchof *A Man Witbout a Country," bus that was mere accident. Pnilip Nolan was well romenitored iu the vid settiements of the Southwest, for he was ono of the sdventutous #] irits that molded the fate of the nation whila yot iu it Jufancy. Pbibp was borain Fravkton, Ky., 10 the beginmpg of the last guarter of the 1axt qoutury, aud was brougut up under the pat- rounga of Geu. Wilkinsou, who commanded our forcey iu that reglou. 11§ XAILY DUEAME WERE ALL OF THAYEL sod of,eoldioring, In those days the American cogle wyas a lird with clipped wiugs. He did uot have the Hacky dMountatud o perch upon ; uor tue Gulf of Mexico to hover sbove ; por bud he any rigu¢ 0 the weat shore of tho AlismsuppL giver, b the wators of which bo was barely si- foved t patdle, The Fiurida llue maked aur southern boundary, aud, takeu ail in all, WE WELE HATIIEN CRIFPLED, comparad with our piesens maguitosat dimen- swuy. The Kiug of Spaiu beld Louiv.sus, which hed teen v.uuuurms to him bytne Fronoh iy beld Texus sud Slexico, uud stotuly furbade an outlot to Ametican commerce, via the Misaw i, pi. lower down thay su hwsgioary Ine which w:ked fijs dounowons, Nolau traveied through alf (s e.unlry, being good frieod with tha Spauiub Governoc of Lovielius, althvugn be did uok éujoy the sawe [nvilege as 19garded hidalgo who goverued Texss. Phillp Nolan doalt {u wid borees, sud wade New Orlosns his besdquarters. He was moch smovg the Indiax trives, and was about the fruy Eoglish: