Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 7, 1875, Page 4

TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RATES OF ACTECMITTION (TATARLE IN ADVANCE). Postage Vrepuld at thin OMece, 1BUGT Weekly, 1 year, Gist | Vv9 eoptes. neo] Ter comlen.. ras the same rate, Wantep—One active agent in each town and village, Bpecial areaugement+ made with such, Rpecimen copies aent free, To prevent delay ant mintaker, be sure and give Pent-Onice address th full, ductuding Stateand County, Temittancea may be mae cither by draft, express Poat-Ollico order, a7 in regiatereit letters, at our risk, TERMS ‘TO CITT aunscninEns, Daily, delivered, Sunday exer) tect, 25 cents por week, Daily, delivered, Sunday inciuded, 30 cente per week, Addreas BTR COMPANY, Corner Madleon and Dearborn-ats,, Chicago, UL TODAY'S AMUSEMENTS. WOON'S MUBEUM—Monroo atrret, between Deare born and State. Afternoon, © Rigate of Women" sud ‘Poor Villicoddy,” " Itound the World in Elghty Dass.” ACADEMY OF MUSE Madison wut! Monrne, Behemlana and Detect ‘ateted atreet, between, Kemidut of Milton Nobles, MoVICKER'S THEATRE—Madiaon street, between Dearlorn and State, Engagement of Edwin Adame, “Enoch Arden," BOOLEYS Clark and Miustrole, THEATRE—Randolph atreet, betwern LaSalle, Engagemont of the California CHICAGO THEATRE—Clark xtrect, between Ran- Golph and Luke, “ tMearts and Diamonds,” FARWELL HALL—: tad Lasalle. Concert Neon atrect, between Clark he Kennedy Faully, soc! MEETINGS. ATTENTION, SIR KNIGHTS!—Stated conclavo of Apollo Cuwimandery, No, 1, i 33¢ o’el’k, at the aaylu .T. Order, | Visiting Si Yited. Ly order of the i iP busine ee and work Kuights courteously in= W. LOOEE, Recorder. D, A. CABTIMAN LODGE, No, 686, A. F. and A. 3, meet in their ball, cor, Madixon and fobey-ate,, this (Tuesday) ovening at 7:30 o'clock for work—AE. M. De grea, Visiting brethren cordially invitad. * JAUPLINEY, W. Mf, G. A. DOUGLAS, Bee, Vhe Chicagu Ceibune, Tuosday Morning, Soptomber 7, 1875. We are glad to see, from Sentor Oaresnr’s Speech at Cineinnnti, that ho is opposed to further infation, So far, so good. His noxt specch may show nstill furthor adyanco in wisdom. Greenbacka at tho New York Gold Ex- change yesterday opened at 874, fell to 874, rose to 87{, and afterward recoded to 87, ot which price they closed. Tho causo of this depreciation was attributed to a report that the Government would transfer $1,000,000 of coined monoy from the East to San Francisco shortly, —_—_—_—_— THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE “TUESDAY, - SEPTEMBER 7, 1875. at $7,25@7.80. Cattle wore in demand and ruled firm, Sheep wero quiet and un. changed. Ono hundred dollara in gold would buy $114.75 in greenbacks at the closa, re True to his promise, Comptroller Marrs has prepared an able and intoresting docu. ment on the subject of the city's power to inenr temporary indebtedness, and the legal effect of Sec. 12, Art. IX., of the Constitu- tion of Illinois upon tho practice of making loans from time to time to defray neccasary current municipal expenses pending tho col- lection of taxes alrendy levied and assessed. The document is lengthy ard exhaustive, em- bracing citations of Illinois and Iowa Sn- preme Court docisiona, extracts from relevant debates in tho Constitutional Convention of 1870, an opinion by Judge Dickey, Corpora- tion Counsel, and conenrrent opinions by two ex-Judges of the Supreme Court, by the Hon. Cmantra Iircucock, President of tho Consti- tutional Convention, and by several of the lending lawyers of Chicago, Tho Comp- troller’s conclusion, after a full and elaborate review of the question, is thus summarized: Without protracting the argument further, I think it fe cloar beyoud question that our temporary loane re fully authorized by the Constitution and the State, conatituto a just and valid claim again: city, and should be repatd with acrupulous fidelity as they oceur, ‘Tho position of Tre Trrnene, in its sericea The news from tho Herzegovinian izeur- rection is not altogether clear, Woe are in- formed that Servin will add to tho complica . tions of tho question, and that Servin is ree straining all interferance; that the Servians ere not taking any part in the revolt, and that the Servians aro making raids in all directions; that the Turks meet with no in- surgents, and that the insurgents aro burn- ing towns and ronsting children; that Senven Pasna thinks order iy. about restored, and that tho whole of Be,snia is rising ond the Montenoegrins are Yaiding round. As bo- twoen these variov 3 reports, the unpreju. diced render can poy his monoy and take his choice, Thore is little ‘change in tho financial sit- uation at San Francisco, ‘Tho smaller of the two city boarda of brokers resumed busincss Yesterday, the few transactions effected showing but little falling off in the sharea disposed of. A dispatch received early yes. terday morning etrted that Raxsrox's private Property would exceed in yvaluo by $2,000,- 000 the amount claimed to havo been taken by the late. Prersident from the funds of the bank. Lnter advices contradict thia story, and positively assert that Ratston's estato will not vovor the amount of tho defalcation, ‘otice is now given that the Bank of Cal- rnia will rusume business somewhero be- ‘on tho 15th and 20th of tho present ath. ne lawyer in this city brought suit in a eo Court not long sinco ona clear and ecest claim for $60. ‘Tho defendant's at- ily trumped up a falso counter-claim, and conscientious jury brought in a verdict @3150 against the plaintiff. Tho latter's er romonstrated with the Constablo who rutdected the jurors, and moro than hinted the play. ‘Tho Constable stated tho caso, ma Fofroshing frankness, in these words: ytold Mr, So-and-go [tho plaintiff] that ho wd have a jury to suit him for $5; he wonldn’t give me a cent, and I got up a jury for the other sidy.” Thusaman who de- clined to pay a Constable a bribo of nearly 10 per cont of his whole claim lost his auit, and, had not a Superior Court. overruled tho ver- dict, would havo had to pay $150 which he did not owe. It is our boasted jury syatem which makes this sort of thing possible, —— Tho Catholic priests of Morristown, N. J., bolder and moro outspoken than tho grent body of their guild throughout the country, tre not content with the private and strictly Personal exercise of political influonca over Sheir parishioners, Last Sunday, by com. mon consent among tho priests of that city and vicinity, the church-goers ontitled to ote were enjoined as to their duties in con- nection with the forthcoming election to do. sido upon tho adoption of the proposed ‘mendments to the New Jorsey Constitution, The faithful were duly instructed by their Political advisers that it was their sncrod duty to the Church tovote against theamond. menta forbidding the appropriation of public school funds for sectarian inatitutions. Tho expediency of this pulpit manifesto is quos- tionablo, o its effect will doubtless be to stimulate the Protestants to general rally to the support of tho constitutional amend. ments, —_—— The Chieago produce markets ‘wore gen- erally wenk yosterday, except in provisions, Mess pork was in good demand, and 95@500 per bri higher, closing easier at $21.40 cash, and $21,00 for October, Lard was quiot, and 5o per 100 tbe higher, closing at 813,05 cash, and $15.15 for Octobor, Meata wero in fair demand and firm, st 8{@8fo for shoulders, 320 for short ribs, and 1240 for short clears, Highwinea were in moderato request, and 4a lower, at $1.18} per gallon, Lake freights ‘wero leas active and firmer, at 2}0 asked for corn to Buffalo, Flour was dull and une changed. Wheat was lesa active and irregu. Jar, closing at 61.14 for September, and $1.12§ for October. Corn was active, and 3fc lower, closiag at 69fo cash and O9Yo for October. Oats were in moderate demand and easier, closing at 8440 cash and 8340 for Oo. tobor. Rye was quiet, and oe lower, at 78@ 78}0. Darlay was more active, and weak early, but closed firmer at 91.09. Hogs were dull, and averaged 100 dower ; sales moatly of articles showing the fallacy nud absurdity of the Chicago 7'imes' fulminationa against tho credit nud honor of tho city, is com- pletely sustained by the communication of Comptroller Hayra and its distinguished legal and judicial indorsement, ‘The question of repudiation, raised by the Timea for the purpose of injuring the municipal credit, has received its everlasting’ quictus, SIGNS OF PROSPERITY. Tho Springfleld (Mass.) Aepublican, which ia usually a very hopeful paper, in looking over the business of the country, sinks into © very slongh of deapond, and ean sco nothing bright ahead. It cites the failures of the last sixty daya, such as the sugar failure in Baltimore, the Bank of California, Dux. eas, Srenuan & Co., J. G. Snaw & Co., and Sanven A. Castur & Co, of New York, Lez & Surranv, of Boston, and a large number of small suspensions and assign~ nents, and tho fact that so many of the manufacturers aro not yet ready to resume operations, as “roofs that in manufactures and commerce bottom has not yet been Tenched. It docs not even ree any hope in tho fact that we oro likely to have a splendid cotton, whent, corn, ont, and pork year, Everything appears blue to it, Is tho outlook as blno as tho Republican paints it? Tho answer depends upon what is meant by prosperity, Every ono will ad- init that we aro to have an abundant crop, and that if this abundant crop is utilized as it should be, it will increase wealth, increase tho raw material for manufacturing, and pro- mote the general welfare of tho community, But what does prosperity mean? If this abundant crop is to be used as the means of inflating eredits, and running up prices for speculative purposes ; if people aro going to discount the futuro; if goods, lots, houses, and all articles of trade and barter aro to bo suddenly rushed to top prices ; if this crop is to produco the wild and reckless system of gambling in credits which prevailed before the panic, then the result will truly be a most deplorable one. If the peoplo are not going to learn the lesson of tho panic, but are going to rush again, og thoy did before, into speculation and gambling with their eyes shut, then an abundant crop will Prove a curse. Another crash must como, and, as tho Republican says, “bottom will not be found.” But there is anothor view of the menning of prosperity, and woe may assume at least that the people have studied tho lessons of the panic sufficiently to apprecinto it, An abundant crop means an abundance of food, ablo rg-money inflation, and setting their faces like flint ngainat that system of finanecs which compels them to conduct bnsinesa upon a purely speculative basis, With regard to those ont of employiment, a point which the Republican makes, it may be observed that they are divided into two classes, Tho first one is composed of thoso who won't work unless they can obtain somo genteel employment. It is quite immatorial how long they remain out of work. ‘The other class is compased of those wha have been working in departments of tho grent fleld of Inbor where there is alrendy an over-produc. tion. ‘They will obtain work again when tho demand arises, This summor they could have found work if they had been so dit posed, and plenty of it, in helping tho farm. ers gather their crops, Let tho Springfield Republican take heart, and instead of writing jeremiads of the Ja:trs Russrtn Lowenn sort and playing the rolo of Cassaxpna. encour- age the grent business world which ia so bravely struggling to got out of ita ombarase- ments, ——— A DISTINCTION WICK A DIFFERENCE, When Ketury and his crowd gathered to hold an inflation convention in Detroit, with n very contracted audiences, they adopted the following, among other resolutions ; That wearo nelthor repudiationinte nce tnflationtats, but the friends of u safe, ound, and reliable currency} that we propose to redcem tne greenback circulation of the United States at the pleasure of the holdors thereof, in bonds of the United Slates beating a low Tato'of interest, convertible at the pleasure of the holder into areenbacks, thus redeeming the ortginat Drow. tse of the Government when it first {esued grcon- backs, to fund them when desired into intorest-paying bonds, ‘That we are in favor of tho tasue of United Slates certificates or bonds bearing interest not to execed 3 per cent per annum, to an amount equal to the ¥hole Goverument debt, aaid bonda or certificates be jng changeabie and interchangeable with greenbacks at par on demand, plonty of bread and meat, and on abundance of raw material for manufacturing, Wo shall hove all we can consume and much to sparo,—ao surplus for which we must fudn foreign market. Hence tho peoplo will have the advantage of cheap prices, ‘Tho surplus will give tho railroads and transportation companies on the canals, lakes, and rivers all they can do to carry it, Honco this will tend to give employmont to thousands who aro now unemployed. It will enable the railronds to improve their rolling-stock, to aubstituto steel for iron rails, and otherwise to extend their facilities. The abundant crops will put money in the farmers’ pockets, enabling them to pay tho debts they owe the country merchants, Tho country merchanta can pay what they owe the city merchants, and tho latter can settle thoir balances and lay in now stocks of goods. With the in- crease of material for manufacturing, and tho demand that must spring up consequent upon tho gencral revival of commercial busi- neas in all lines of trade, manufacturing en- terprigo will bo stimulated, thus incronsing wealth and promoting tho general welfare. To this extent, thorefore, of the increase and cheapness of food, the increase of manufac- turing material, the development of carrying facilities giving employmént to many thou- sands now idle, and tho expansion and growth of manufacturing enterpriaes, the abundant crop means prosperity, provided always that under tho influenco of this pros- perity the people do not squander it upon tho national gambling-table of speculation, ‘Tho special inatanco which tho Iepublican makes of certnin manufactorica, like tho Lawronce and Fall Rivor mills, lying idle and giving no signs of resumption, doea not prove anything, nor does it indicate that thinga have not reached bottom. If these mills have not resumed, it only shows that thoy manufacturo articles of which thera has been an over-production, ond that they must wait until the surplus is worked off. For them to go on mauofacturing, and for dealers to buy on speculation with reference to some future do- mand, would bo the height of absurdity. ‘Tho only safo policy they can puraue is to wait until the demand catchos up with thom, and it will catch up all the moro quickly when an sbundant crop has set the wheels of com. mercial businesa into moro active motion, A careful survey of tho ficld during the two years since the panic doos not woar the dis- couraging look which tho Republican gives it. It is evidently blinded to tho improvement which has been mado, by tho disasters to certain concerns which have happened during the past fifty days, and which might have happened even in 9 po. riod of general prospority, since they havo almost invariably grown out of wild and reckless speculation and violation of legiti- mato business principles. During tho past two years, the country has frood itself from very serious emburrassments. The water and gas have beon squeezed out of values, and many balloona and gas-bags have ox. ploded, and crowds of kite-flyers have come to grief, ond the whole people ara grousing Chemselvos sguinst the enormity of irrodeezne Tho man whodrew up these two resolne tions was either deceived himself or trying to deceive other people. Thoanim of tho mis- lending words ia to convince the ignorant that the3.65interconvertible bond scheme, if carried into effect, would fulGll tho original promise ofthe Government, made when tho greon- backs were first issued, to fund thom, at tho option of the holder, into an interest-bearing bond. There is an infinite difference between this promise and the plan Proposed by the Detroit resolutions, Tho Government engaged to redeem the greenbacks in gold when it could and in bonds at any time. These bonds were to yield 6 per cent, gold interest, and were to be redeemable in renl money any timo after fivo years aud before twenty years from the date of their issue, at tho option of the Govern- ment. The revocation of this promise was ono of the great financial and moral blunders of the War, The Kelloyites propose to formally cancel tho engagement to redeem the greenbacks in gold atany time. This is, in itself, an all. important differonce. hoy then propose to redeem them in bonds, but these bonds aro to bear less than two-thirds the interest orig- inally promised, and tho interest is to be paid, not in monoy, bat in irredeemable promises to pay { The bonds, moreover, are never to bo redeomed nt all, unless giving other irredeemable paper certificates in ox- change for them is called redemption. Hero, then, is 6 distinction with a differ- ence, Wo schedule tho points of unlikeness, marking tho original plan (0.), and the dis- honest—that is, the Kenzex—plan (K.): (O.) The greenback is finally to bo ro- deemed in money,—tbat is, spocio ; (K.) The groenback is naver to be ro. deemed in money ; 4 (O.) Tho greenback was to be funded in gold interest ; (K.) Tho greenback is to be funded in scrip certificates ; (O.) The bonds are to bear 6 por cent inter. est, payable in gold; (K.) Tho scrip certificates aro to bear 3.65 per cont interest, payable not in money, but in scrip, which is nover to be redeemed in money ; (0.) The bonds aro to bo paid in real money, within twenty years at tho farthest ; (K.) The certificates are nover to bo paid in money. The original promise is based upon coin; the mock fulfillment rests upon credit, which reats on hope, which rests on nothing, Tho one is fair and honest, and should bo ro-en- acted. Tho other is fraud, supported at Detroit by a witting or unwitting lio, CAN ALIENS VOTE IN ILLINOIS Pp In tho decision of a contested eloction up- on tho question of the removal of the county seat of Cass County from Beardstown to Virginia, tho Court before whom tho case was tried excluded from tho count forty-four ballots polled by a class of residents who occupy before tho law a most peculiar politi. cal situation, The Constitution of 1818 provided that, in all elections in Illinois, ‘All white male in- habitants abovo tho ago of 21 years, having resided in the Stato six months next preced. ing the election, shall enjoy the right of an elector.” In the course of time, no matter what may have been the original intention, thia clause of the Constitution was judicially construed to authorize any adult white malo having a six-months' residonce to vote at all olections, without roference to citizenship ; ond under this decision unnaturalized per- sons of alien birth voted. ‘The Constitution of 1848, howover, changed this, and provided : In ali elections, every white male citizen above the age of 2 years, having resided in the State ono year next precoding any election, aball be entitled to voto atsuch election; and every white male inhabitant of the age aforesaid, who may be a resident of the State at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall havo the right of voting aa aforosald, The change made required that the voter should be a citizen of the United Btatos, ox. copt whon tho adult mato white inhabitant, 21 yeara old, was arosident of the State at the time when the Constitution was adopted, This exception was mado so that the unnat- uralized aliens who were then votera should not be diafranchised. In the meantime, be- tween 1848 aud 1870, there were a number of Persons who in good faith had obtained nat. uralization papers from County Courts in this State, which naturalization had been do- clared void by the courts, because the County Courts had no authority to naturalize allona, §o the Constitution of 1870, dealing with these two cases, provided that * every person having rosided in this Stato one yoor, . . . who was an elector in this State on the let day of April, 1818"; or who hod obtained a certificate of naturalization before any court of record in this State prior to Jan, 1, 1870; or, who shall be a citizen of the United States, shall bo entitled to vote, Here, then, wero threo classes of voters to which the right of suffrage was confined by the Consti- tution of the State, It disfranchised no one; it followed the Constitution of 1818 in make ing citizenship a requisite of voting, excopt in tho two classes designated, ‘The forty-four voterain Casas County are sous of alien birth who wore minors on tho 1st of April, 1813, After they had attained their majority they voted under the Constitution of 1848, and never became naturalized. They are alions at this time, They lave never be- come citizens of the United States, and ro- {uso todo so. Aa tho location of the county sent reated to somo extent on the rejection of thero votes, an appeal was taken to the Sn- Preme Court, and that Court affirmed tho judgment of tho lower Court, and tho votes were rojectedd, We havo received a printed appeal in tho namo of 25,000 ‘$8 minors,” to which is appended on argument by Mr. J. Tl, Saw, claiming that tho decision of the Court ia wrong. It not only denies tho cor- rectness of the decisions of tho Court, but insists that if the Supromo Court rightly in- terpretathe Constitution of 1870, then that tho Constitution of 1870 is unconstitutional, be- causo ‘it infringes vested rights of sovereign people,” ‘The suggestion naturally occurring to any person would be that these persons havo ‘had tho privilege at any timo since be- coming of age toobtain gheir naturalization Papers, as a matter of right, without any other formality than proof of their having been residont in the county for five years, and would have thus become citizens, But these persons rejoct and refuse this privilegs, Thoy say: Tt has been ead by some that, If wo bave lost onr Tight to vote, wo can enally recover tt by becoming naturalized ; but upon what princiilo of justice can a frauchiso be taken from us that baa to ba recovered by purcharo? Some of our fellow-'48-miaors have aatd they would nevor ba naturalized in the Stato of Tle noly; if they had to acquiro a lost right of citizenship Ly naturalization, they would go toa State whero it would be permanent, Tho decision of tho Court was that these persons wero not citizens of the United States, ond that they wero not electors on the first day of April, 1848. Tho Constitu- tion of 1870 was definite upon this point and admitted of but one meaning. ‘The argument of Mr. Suaw, if wo understand it, is that these persons, when they became of ago, be- came yoters under the Constitution of 1948, and, “if they were ontitled to vate, they wero also entitled to hold office and legally exor- cise every otker right that citizens might under tho law. By this provision of tho Constitution of 1848 they became citizens of this State.” In point of fact, the Constitu- tion of 1848 excluded from office all persons who were not citizons of the United States, and not one of theso nlicns was eligible to office in Illinois. There aro two points which are evidently overlooked. These men are aliens, and have never, and do not now, pretend that they are citizens of tho United States. Tho right to vote docs not pertain of right to citizenship, A largo majority of American citizens have no vote, while tho privilege of voting may be conferred withont carrying with it any other political privilege. Tho State of Illinois cannot make alions citizens of tho United States, Giving them tho right to vote is a meroly local privilego not extend- ing beyond tho State, and tho power of tho people of Mlinois to determine who shall and who shall not vote at State elections is be- yond all question. All argument founded on the assumption that these forty-four voters woro over ‘‘citizens” becauso thoir fathers were allowod to vote is necessarily fallacious. Even thoso alious who were in terms allowed to vote by the Constitution of 1848 wero ox. cluded from holding oflico because thoy wera alions, Tho pretext of vested rights is too flimsy to warrant controversy. The people of this Stato may extend or abridgo the privi. lege of voting at their pleasure, We suggest to those good people who must now bo advanced in years that their porsist- ont rofusal to make themselves citizons of tho United States can elicit but little sympathy among the people genorally, We do not question their patriotism, but we fail to com. prehend why thoy refuse to become Ameri- cans legally. Wherever they may reside they will be aliens in contemplation of low, and, os auch, legally excluded from the privi- leges pertaining to citizenship, Their claim that thoy number 26,000 male adults in this State is grossly exaggerated ; 2,500 would ba 8 liberal estimate ; and the fact that thero are even that number shows the wisdom of the Constitutions of 1848 and 1870 in arresting the exerciso of any political privilego by non- citizens. The whole claim of theso people is preposterous as a legal proposition, and with. out the least equity or justico in any gonse, —_——_—_—_—S_ THE WRONGS OF HERZEGOVINA, A goodly share of the revolutions of his. tory have been duo to questions of taxation. An inrond. on the pockot fircs the heart, Magna Charta has been traced to illegal ox- actions, although these wero really only part of its cause, But the Srvants went down because Hasppen declined to pay the ship- tax, and tho American Revolution sprang from tho foeling that taxation without repro- sentation is tyranny, Horzegovina hns this same time-honored roason to plead in sup- port of her right to revolt, Her inhabitants have been morcilessly taxed, The dues do- manded hava been large, and the method of collection peculiarly Turkish, that is, barbar- ous, About the first of July, the tax-gathor. ers,—the Agas, a sort of local justiciary,— mako ready to ride through tho country, Each Aga gathera a rotinus of rogues and proceeds to ransack and plunder his dis. trict, If money ia not forthcom‘ng, the growing crops are cut down, the farm ani. mals carried off, oven the household furniture taken away. The swarm of human locuste thy destroy in an hour or two the savings of alifotime, Persons suspeoted of concealing wealth may be tortured and oven murdered, ‘Whatever suita tho brutal whim of tho freo- booters is done, Respectable farmera have boen tied to posts and beaten by brates who wero bound to get money or blood. Moro than one man has died from the cruelties lavished on him at auch times, Occasionally, 8 peasant is killed in sheer wantonnoss by the marauders, The tax-gatherers ara prac- tically a hostile army, ‘They live on the coun- try, acize what con bo carried off, and waste at their own unbridled pleasure, Tax. collection in Herzegovina means a yearly raid, Any resistance made by tho luckless Christians iaapt to inflame Moslem fanati- ciam, and lead to the most serious conse- quences, Last year there was a bloody mas- socre of the Christian population, Ag a result of it, somo 2,000 Herzegovinian fami. lies fled into the quasi-independent State of Montonogro, with all their flocks and herda, ‘The first few of them who ventured back to their old homes wero incontinently murdered, ‘Tho rest, of course, abandoned tho idea of return, Thia year the Agas attempted to collect from the peasantry still remaining the whole amount of taxes hitherto got from the country. In a prosperous yoar, it would have been difficult, not to say impossible, for the farmers to pay their own dues and those of the runaweys besides; and this year a bad harvest and the oattle-plague .| have both scourged the country, Novorthe- less, the Agas began their rounds, Thott, torture, and murder wero called into play. Suddenly ono section after another rose in arma, ‘There were afew short, sharp skir- inishes, Tho Agas fell baek, with their knavish bands, to the shelter of the fortitied towns, ‘The pensant-levies joined, and Hor- zegovinn had an army. The insurrection that still binzes was kindled. Tho tyrauay of taxation was the spark that lit tho fire. ee THE JURY SYSTEM. Taw-reform is ono of tho most difficult sorts of reforms. Our court-practice is modeled on forms conturica old. ‘Tho whole system fs incrusted with rust and antiquity, Too many people aro pecuniarily interosted in keeping np these forms, ench one of which isa cause of fecu, to mako the destruction of tho bad ones at allan easy matter, ‘The nga of the system is a proof of its goodness, ns n whole, but this proof by no means oxtends to every purticnlnr part. If thore is anything in tho system which waa introduced on ne- count of reasons which no longer’ oxiat,— rensons born of a political and social systom long sinco extinct,—this something is an ox- crescence, retained simply for its age and not for its utility, and therefore a thing to be lopped off. ‘Thus, ogo is in somo cnses a Presumption against the gooduess of an idea, instead of for it, Tho age of tho jury system is a caso in point, Tho jury in its present form is the product of a barbarous civilization, Its central iden is that n mon ghould bo tried by his “peers.” This term, mouthed by Inwyers and stump- spenkers, is but a catchpenny phrase anda fraud. When England was divided into elassea much moro completely than it is oven now, when class and casto wero synonyms, tho right of a man to be tried by his equals was granted, in order to protect an alleged culprit from the arbitrary violence of King, or nobles, or clergy. Yet, oven from the be- ginning this right has never been complete, Women aro never tried by their peers, A jury of matrons is impaneled only for ono Pecnlinr purpose. Minors aro never tried by their peers, Aliens aro nover tried by their peers, Nina out of ten defendants aro not tried by their peers, No man is so tried un- less the twelve jurors aro his equals in jutol- ligenco and character. However often tho latter proviso is carried out, the former rarely is, Ought a man to he tried by his inferiors? Ought he not rather to be judged by his supe. riors, as long ns no class feeling intervencs to cnuso injustice? Tho historical analysis of the o1 of tho present jury system shows that it is due to the existence of strongly. marked castes in the community, This aris. tocratic reason does not apply to democratic America. Wo need not be afraid of the influence of King, Church, or nobles. The Jury system, requiring a united verdict, in saving us from this wholly imaginary danger, exposes us to anothor and o real danger, Packing a jury to couse a disagreement is one of tho easiest things in the world fora Sheriff or Deputy-Sheriff to do. It is unfor- tunately often done. Thus the plan devised to protect defendants from tho injustice of the higher classos too often exposes them to tho bribed injustice of tho lower. It is s fact portinent to this discussion that onr chancery courts, although tho cases sub- mitted to them aro far moro intricate, as a rule, than common-law suits, exceed tha common-law courts in tho thoroughness and rapidity with which thoy donl out jus- tice, Their justice, too, has much mora of the genuino article in it, The main renson of this is to be found in tho fact that thoy havo no juries, That stumbling-block is got rid of, A Judge or a Master in Chancery de- cides both law and fact, ‘Tho reasons for trying 8 man by twelve of his peora no longer exist. Tho system should disappear with the disappenrance of tho causes that gnvo it birth, Let us havo less dilstory‘and dubious Inw and more justice, —_——___. THE EXTINGUISHMENT OF MORMONISH, Before tho Pacific Railrond was built, be- fore the mines of Utah were opened, before dressmaker and millinors had usurped the placa of ‘*Zion’s Mercantilo Co-operative Institute,” and mado polygamy too costly to bo plensant,—bofore theso things happened, Mormonism was a compact, strong power. It formed the ‘Stato of Desorct ” and ro- jected tho lower title of Torritory of Utah,” But when the raitronds grappled Utah to the United States with links of steol; when tens of thonsanda of Gentile miners rushed into the Territory and vexed the Saints with a display of force beyond their power to con- quer, and—alns—with a display of reckless dissipation before unknowa to tha so- date city by tho Great Salt Lake; and when an cpidomio of shopping seized upon the Mormon matrong, so that seven women Inid hold of ono man and sim- ultaneously said: “Our husband, we want new spring bonnots,"—-thon Zion -was cast down and tho ungodly exalted their horns (of Bourbon straight). Sinco those grent. changes, Mormonism has been sustained by the will of a few strongsouls. It {aa very note. worthy fact that thoro are no young mon of aufficiont prominence and piety, zeal or pop- ularity, to lead tho Latter-Day Saints, when tho old lenders dic, Tho despotic sway of Butbnas Youna and his threo or fonr chosen, associates has reduced all ita subjects to an apparent dead-level of atupidity, Even tho prosont leaders aro losing powor every day, In the dark days of 1803, Youxo sent an in- sulting mossngo to Col. ve Tronnmnn, since prominent in Louisiana, but thon commanding tho fort that overlooks Salt Lake City, bidding him to haul down the “rag” on his flag-staff. The “rag” was the flag of our country, Dz Tnosnzxn’s ener- getic reply, backed, aa it was, by a battery of guns trained on the palaco of the “ Prophet,” brought down tho flag of the “State of Deserct” with headlong haste, and gave Mor. mon insolence an effectual shook. Old resi. donta in Salt Lake City say that Youna'’s power has been waning elnco that moment. It is still gront, howover. In 1871, when a collision with the United State ssamed near at hand, the difforent stores of * Zion's Mer- cantile Co-operative Inatitute” suddenly displayed thousands of riflea and Te. volvers, and the faithful, urged on by ther Apostles, bought weapons until the atreeta wero full of armed men and boya, and even a woman, carrying a rifle on ner shoulder, was not such an in- frequent sight. Then Youna harangued a vast audience in the Tabernacle, and as he exhorted them, in language that broke through tho shackles of both grammar and sonse, to bo roady to defend their creed with their lives, & moufiled hum of stern applause resounded from aisle to aiale, No other man could have held that multitude in hia hand so thoroughly. It noeded but another word from him to precipitate a crazy revolt, But when Death tears this prophet, prieat, and King from the bosoms of his family, the cobealve foros of Mormonism will be gone, ‘The man who could have supplisd bis place better than any other has just diced. ITo waa Gronae A. Sititn, First Vico-President of the Church for tho Inst ton or twelve years, Ho was next to Bniaitant, but his dream of Anecocding him enn nover bo ronlized now. His roligiona nto of the Gentiles had boon intonsified by thoir driving him from his homea in Mlinois and in Missouri. Twico all his property had thua beon taken from him, As ho caine out of tho Tabernacle on that September Sunday in 1871, ho spoke, in fierce, short words, toa knot of Saints and Gentiles, vf his rosolve nover to neo himself 0 robbed again, if ho gave his life in defonse of his homo, The clustor of hearers broke up into groups of two or three, and ns one of these strolled away its Mormon member said to the Gentile journalist by his sido: “ Sstrr is our hopo for tho future.” hat hopo is dead, The journalist to whom tho words ‘wero spoken writes this record of thoir non- fulfillment, OHIO AND THE DEMOORACY. Tho Democratic party nt Inrgo have little to bo thankful for in tho Obio campnign, Tho Ohio Demoerats havo precipitated two very ugly quostions upon the party,—tho in- fintion question and tho public school ques. tion,—an are committed to the wrong side of both, ‘The snecess of the Ohio Democrats will damago the interests of the party at largo scarcely less than their dofent, ‘Tho embarrassment in tho situation is rendily suggested by tho following paragraph from the Richmond (Va.) Wiig, on inflation Democratic paper: If Gov, AuLxs Is elected, wo may connlder it rattled that the same currency plank of the platform on which ho atands, or one similar to tt, will be adopted by the Democratio party in its Natfonsl Convention, If not, tho bulliouists will make a» strong stand Against itna an iesuo tn thecanvaes for the Presi. dency, But wo are sallefled that Olio will come out allright; that tho nupportera cf the monoy-kinge, caliing themsolven Democrats, will lave to givo up tho hereay or go over to the enemy. It is not unlikely that tho Richmond Whig ig altogether mistaken in this matter. Tho success of the Demoeratio party would not necessarily mean the infusion of its repudia- tion doctrine into tho ustional platform of the party. The hard-monoy Democrats of tho Enst would not submit to this dictation. Nor would they stand alone. Sound curreney has an important conutituency oven among the Democrats of the West, who would stand by the Enstern Democrats staunchly, The clec- tion of Auten will not be the reseuo of the Stato from tho hands of the Republicans. The State has been Democratic for two years, Not only was Auten elected two years ago, but the Democrats carried the State ono year ago by a much largermajority. ‘The clectionof ALLEN will not of itself demonstrate the pop- ularity of the repudiation doctrine. To do thia it will bo necessary to secure a larger majority this year than tho party had Inst year, A decrenso in tho majority will be an evidence of tha weakness of tho repudiation doctrine, The caso will bo different, however, if Atten fails to “rise up” again. His defeat in tho faco of tho fnct that the State was Democratic’ one year ago by over 17,000 ma- Jority will bo an ovidenco of tho weakness of repudiation as a popular mensure, Thon it is protty cortain that the repudiationista will havo to ratiro, and the hard-monoy men, Enst and West, will insiat upon an embodiment of their principles in tho national platform ns an indispensable elomont of success. In cither event, however, Mr, Writrau Aten and hia repudiation friends in Ohio have succeeded in arraying one portion of tho party ogainst the other, and it will risk the fato of a houso divided against itself, whatever tho result of tho Ohio cloction shall b BENATOR OGLESBY AND THE GREENBACK. Senator Octesnr ssyehe wilt not go back on the greenback, Who wante the pocr man to do anything of the sort? Tho currency question ts whether tho greenbacks shall be made betler or poorer, Muking tho greenback bottor ia not going back on {t,—Cinctn. nat Commercial. Wo have faith in Sonator Ooresny. He ja opposed to going back on anybody or thing, but the newspaper reporters misunderstood him, or ho misunderstood the condition of the greenback. ‘The blood-stained, patriotic greenback which fought tho War is just now pretty badly below par. ‘Tho people who hold thom ina they aro not dollara in fact ; they ore dollars in namo only, They are selling at the street-corners and the broker. shops for 87 cents on tho dollar, Somobody has gone back on tho greonback,—the green- back dyed with the bost crimson blood of the country! Tho greenback wants somobody— wants all its friends—to stand by it, It wanta to Imow that its redeemer liveth. It wants Senator Oourapy and all its other friends to make it ag good as real money ; to relieve it from the charactor of depreciated scrip, go that the man who at tho closoof a long week's Inbor, when ho receives ten green. backs, will receive $10, and not be obliged to tako for his six days of hard labor $8.70 in real monvy. Is Senator Ooreenr a frignd of the groanback, or is he one of those who are laboring to degrade it, to reduce its value, to increaso its frand, and to cheapen the crim. son gore with which itis tinted? Itis true, ho declares he is opposed to any more infla- tion, But is he in favor of making thoso al- ready out what they profesa to bo? Is he going back on tho greonback by opposing any increaso in its goodness and value, or by laboring to reduca its value? Or is ho going to stand by it, and, bravely defending it againat all its enemios, bring it out of ite shamefal dopreciation and place it at par? —————_——_—_—— V. T, McGnarcuppy, M. D., topographer with the Government expodition in the Black Hills, writes to a friond who has been making inquirios that the newspaper reports con- corning the gold deposits thoro have boon Very much exaggerated, Present indications aro not good for the mass of miners coming from the States, though a company with largo capital might moke tho mining profit. able. “The fact is," writes Dr. McQrrty- cuppy, ‘that, go far on examined, the Bravel. beds and creck-bottoms have averaged from nothing up to 15 cents por pan; the general average from day to day would be about 2 or 8 cents per pan.” A skillful miner will wash out 75 to 100 pans per day, so that the avor- age daily wages would be $1,50 to 89, “OF course, sluicing has paid better, A sluice in this vicinity, worked by a numbor of men, gave $18 one day; thonext day $1, It must be remembered that it takes several days to Prepare a aluice, and several men to run it.” The San Franclaco Chronicle charges Mr, D. O. Mizzs, of the Bank of California, with ingratitude to Raxetoy, who was largely the meansof making him what he ta, The nows- paper obgorvos: If Mr, Mitts and bis associate Directora shall re torn to the vaulte of the bank some amall ahare of the great gains they have derived from tholr connection with Mr, Barstow, and imitete in some degree his exomple in surrendcriug the last dollar of bis privete fortune, the force of this blow may be softened with- Out throwing all the fault and all the scandal upon the mamory of the bank's lest President, Is may appear from this attack, which wos mado bofore tho alloged revelation of a efal. cation, that Mints was driven to oxtromitica, and fairly obliged, in order to vindicate hin. self, to mnke public tho charges affecting Ratston's integrity which havo recontly Leon published in the telographie coluinna, But, as Stanon hoa taken up tho ondgoly for Rarstox, Miia is not yet out of the woul, —_—_—_————_. fomo rathor atactling and unoxpacted newg comon from Hairouth and tho rohearsils of tg “ Ring of tho Nib'uug,” namely, that Hor: Siz, MANN, tho tenor, las had aquarrel with Wane Nen, thtown up his parts in the “ Nibolungoy,* and roturned from Bairouth to Borlin, — Tig eauso of tho trouble doca not appear Vory elerr. ly, tho statement being mado that Niemans hag taken offenaa becanso of a preference ing shown to the violinist, Witneraty, in a die valen, sent to tha Mosars, Gartt, of tho Covant Garden, Promonade Concerts, with whom Wiragiss wae Under contract, Tho dispatch roads as fol'otra “Plenso to orcuso Mr. Winuensts, His preveney nt tho reboarsals horo waa quite indispotizabt, to tho succeas of tho onterprive.” Thi. ean bo very readily understood. The MicceRy of tho “Nivolungen Ring” hanga upog the orchestra = moro than upon the volces, since tho orchestra roally bai the harmonio offecta as well a5 tho melodica, and ig fills the place of the chorus, for, with the ot ception of a fow bite of mata chorus, thre ig no choral work in althor of the Oporas, Wr: menss ia undoubtodly (ho finest yloliniat in the World; at loast thore is na one butt Joacmtst who who can successfully contest superiority with him. The fact that Wrratenstz teada thy frat violins complotea the chain of facta that Wate rantod Waonen in sending auch 5 dispatch, for tho leader of tho firat violins in any Orshoutre may mako or mar tho eucecea of any Perfusine auce according ag he fs n wkillfel player er not, Te Nrewaxa, thoroforo, has taken umbrizo at this diepatch, ho bas shown himeolf tu be a thine akivnod aud very silly iudividual. We hoy, owovor, that the roport Ia untrue, since it will bo vory difficult to fill Nrrarann’a placa, aw ho ig" the finost dramatic tenor im Europo, —_—___ Tho war in Now York botwoon the partieans of Suuzivan and Davexvour has ita amuaing feat. ured, ag well ng those which are catenlated to dishearten and disgust all lovers of dramatic art, It ia perfectly apyaront that largo part of the alloged popular foeling is more Ppreteneo, and tho invention of managors who are nose too nico aatohow they get thoir advertising, Ent the feeling Is strong enough to influcnce somo of the critics, and wo accordingly find the Trit. une and Times studiously writing Mr. Sur.urvey down, while the dferald as earnestly writes him up, Davexront, as o natlve, geta fer tind words from any quartor. Tho criticiems. somo of them, aro more amusing than tho controveray itself, Ono writer mforme un that Mr. Sucuivay has a “florco” intollect, whatovor that mar mean; find that ho lacks “the olectiicsl soul” and woalth of forco,” and “6 taneous reachings of tho groat points” that bo haa “oxtraordinary subttoty fo m ism,” ‘allowing expressions to flit ovor his rT iu accordance with the effect of ovory word that ia uttered to Lim.” This Iast quality may sec o yretty fair substitute for “tho electrical aoul.” ‘The critic thinke not. however, ile says again, towards tho closo of his notice, that Mr. Suttivan's delinoation woutd bo ona of tho Groateat, “if it woro but thrillod with inspira- tion,—by which wa do not mean nolse of tho volco, nor bustle of motion, nor prinzins, snorting, aud bsltoving, but an olectrifying glow of the dilating soul.” Really, this is bottor than any play, —_—__-___.. The country at largo may not knor it, bnt the City of New York is ongrossod to very much the same difticulty asChicago, {¢ conccroa tho new Pout-Oftico, This edifice (whoso architecture it bad) hag not settled down, nor have the occu pants. Thoro seems no immediate chanco of thelr doing a0. Tho Post-Ofico authorities bare como in coufllet with tho ignobile vulgue on tie ignoble issue of pio, Tho vudzus meleted upon its right to buy, aell, and eat pie within tho walls ‘erected by tho crasty Munzzrr. Tho Postma. tor thought not, and telegraphad to Weabiugton, Poetmastor-Genoral Jewent telegraphed back for full particulars; and ao the question, “To Pie, or not to Pio,” was argued by lightning for 8 week, But the negative triumphed; the rights of the valgar wero trampled on, Dios and poanuts were turned out. 1s this a Rupublic? POLITIOAL NOTES. Tho Graphic has a clover cartoon ropreaent- ing Gov, Tilden and Gov. Hondrieks tn tho same boat, pulliug in opposite directions,—tho one using hard-monoy oars aud the othor suft-monoy cate, The boat seoma to bo at a standstill, ‘The New Haven Palladium is froe to maintsin that Vico-Preridont Wilson talks too much, aud that it would do bim no harm to learn how io smoke, Itis, in fact, trae, that either the Vico- Prosldent or Mr. George Alfred Townrond talked too much in ® recent latter to the Pulladolplis Times. Tho Domocratio fightin Pennsylvania, pro- liminary to the State Convention, fs underatoud to be & contest between Coffee-pot Wallace, United States Senator, and Sam Randall, canis dato for Speaker. Wallacois backing Ross for Governor, and Randall ia understood to bo for Biglor. Tho disraption of the Independent: party in California and Oregon, though longer delayed than in tho Enstorn and Middle States, sooms to have boon ovan more complete. Donbtieas the organization will soon abandon even the pre- tense of an existence; and the consequence will bo acompsct Ropnblican body, which will put tho Demoorate to their tramps, The Dobuque Telegraph is doing « good desl of muscular howling ovor the curienoy quoation, ahowing phonomenal ignorance of the anbject; but, as 1 ia for the most part alocere and tracts: ble, it will doubtlosa come safe to land jn the course of time, Tx Crtcago Tmauny farnivhes it halt-a-dozen texts per day; and ite readers are not, therofore, absolutely deprived of whotoaomo food. Ex-Representative Walter L, Sessions, who is acandidate for tho vacanoy in the Thity-third Now York Congreational District, is known og ao inflationiet; and some merolless opponent bas compiled a list of the returns fo the several con- teate which be bas participated in, showing that ho has run bebind the State ticket altogethor 10,884 votos, Weatern New York ls not a hoalthy apot for inflationista, Goghan in atill the all-absorbing aubject of Political diacossion in Hamilton County, Ohio, The Cincinuatl Commercial has private informa tion that be will not run bebind bie ticket,—the inference belng thatthe Catholics, withaut re- rani to party, will mage in big support; but, if the whole ticket {s badly beaten, as now scoms probable, it makes little difference whetuer Uicge bao runs bebiad {t or not. Tho Boston correspondent of the Hartford Courant cautiously obaorves that, if the uaae ct Charlen Francis Adama should get beioie tho People of Massschusetta, ‘there is no telling what might happen.” It ae t the oxtraore dinary indorsement of Mr, Ad for Gover nor by the Worcester Spy has skened mis- taken ideas as to bis popularity, He ocrtainly haa very little strength among she “leadcra” or Foliticians, Prof, Neolye, who accepted an Iodegondent Domination in the Tenth Massachusetts Jirtrich and was elected, it fall, ie recognized aso Su- publican in good ding. Two men have boen Sppointed to poultions on his recommendation, though be merely approved of them as ccmp> tent and honest, making no request on bis own bebalf, Tho Professor ia the beet type of ihe scholar in politics that ia juat now avallablo for Ulustration aud remark, A fair and square bit atthe Democratio pre- tensions to Reform le made by the New York Tribune, which neatly shows that, as far ag heard from, the Pemoorats bave been soyth' :