Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 8, 1875, Page 4

x THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, AUGUST 8, 1875.—SIXTEEN PAGES. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RUTES OF STRRCEIPTION (PATADLE IN ADVARKT). 2 Postoxe Prepaid at this Office. 13.00 | Weakly. 1 yoar.... 5 SILGR et e 30 3.00] TS0 OB 1400 Parts of a Fesr at the same rate. WAXTED—One active agent in each town &4 vilage. Bpecisl arrangenents made with such. Bpecimen copics sent free. To revent delsy and mistakes, be 87 re s0d give Port-Office sddress {n full, including Stab and County, Hemittances may be mads elther by d raft, express, Post-Office order, or in registersd letters , at our risk. TERME TO CITY SUBSCEIB! pg, Dally, delivered, Sunday excepted, 23 . cents per week. Daaly, dslivered, Sunday included. 31 5 centa per woek. Address THE TRIBON : COMPAXY, Carnar Madison £0d Dearbor .sta,, Chicago, TIL. AMUSEMENT ;. HOOLEY'S THEATRE—Eand ciph street, between Clavk and LaSalle. Engagemen' oo Bquace Gompany. “ The Two Orynans ot (e Uaion Bq ADELPH] THEATRE—Des' :porn Moaroe, “The Teo-Witch.” B e SOCIETY ¥ £ETINGS. ZAPAYETTE CHAPTE 2, No. 2, B. A. M—Statsd eonvocation, st ball, 12 Afomrceet.. Mondss ererian, Aug. 9, for businems 304 work on th P. znd M. E. Do gress. By arder of the M. P. E N, TOCKER, Sec. LADY WASHIKGT ON CHAPTER, No, 158, Order Eastern Blar.—Reg? ar convocztion Tiesoay eveutng, Aug. 10, 8t 8 o'clock . Buawess of importance. Mem- Lers are hereby 1/ tified to attend. By order of the WM A. M. FLOUKNOY, Sec'y. ¥AN RENSST LAFR GRAND LODGE OF PERFEC- TION, A. & A. Foolch Rite Masons.—There will Se & Specisl Ameml iy Thursday evening pext, Work on tha ¥th and 124 Degrees, By order of E. F, Hall, T. P. G. M ED. GOODALE, Gr. Sec’y. ATTENTION, 8TR ENIGHTS {—Spocial conclave of Chicago Commandery, No. 19, K. T., Mondrg evening, Aug v 1605, Work on R 'T. Order, \initing 87 ichis oourteomsly invited. By order of the Em. o, G. A. WILLIAMS, Recorder. Balle- last tribute of respect to their depart:d brother, B, Sondheim. Funeral from ‘No. 83 Tlirty-second-st. By ander of W. 3L BSAAM SEELENAN, Sec. dered to appear st their agylam, 72 Bast Monroedt., Tully armed and equippe/y, on Tusedsy, the 10th, at 11 2. 1. sbarp, 0 attend thr s funersl obsequies of oir late Subiime Prince and YJlustrious Broiher, [ iadiston, $29. By e.rder T. T. GURNEF, Com.An-Chief, JAS. H. MILES, G -and Secretars. Ehe Clyicagy Teibune, Sundsy Morning, Aungust 8, 1875. Our Milwaukee correspondent this morning notices and explains some of the differences between the system of grain-inspection in that city and in Chicago. Milwaukee mer- chants are quite ss free in admitting the advantages which they epjoy in this respect as Tue Trmuxs has been in pointing them out But Milwaukeo can mever be permanently a gainer at the ex- pense of Chicago; and this truth also is rec- ognized by her merchants. The interests of Chicago and Milwaukee are intertwined. I Chicsgo were blotted ont of existence, the new metropolis would rise, not at Milwaukee, but as near as possible to the ruins of the old Garden City—always supposing that proper karbor facilities could be obtained. These csn bs found, or could be made, short of Milwaukoe. Wo assume the following dispateh, which ‘was printed in the Jrter-Ocsan of Saturdsy, to be entirely untrue or grossly exagger- uted: WasEINGTON, Aug. 6.~In 21 intecview with Sscre- tary Bristow to-day be stated that the report of the Chivago Custom-House Uommission would not in- Hluence bis opinion in the least. The Comumagion had een apyolnted 1o make just such a report, and he ex- Tectod they would do their duty. He w:s Do architect DXuself, but was willing to Lese any sction be might take an the judgment of the Comumission which he sp- pointed, He considersd them more compelent to Judge than the Chicago architects and bullders, or he would have mede up the Commission ont of the latter. Whoa it was suggested that s committes of prominent Ten from Chicago mizht walt on him regarding the mstter, he said that all the money, and brains, and in- finence in Chicago would not turn him from bis de- terminstion one icla. He spoke sneeringly of the Feport, saying that he had not resd and did not know 28 he would read it. He knew what it aaid ; ho Xnew ‘what it would say when ho first heard that 8 Commis- mion had been sppotnted. Our reasons for believing it to be untrue we: (1) It is the very opposite of Tme Tamexe's special advices from Washington, which represont that, while Secretary Bris- Tow would not say that the report would in- Quce him to recall hia order postponing the work till after Congress shall have passed upon it, he still reccived it with respectful consideration ; and (2) we distrust the above dispateh the Infer-Ocean has con- stantly sssaulted Secretary Brsrow ever since be insugurated his war upon the whisky- ring, and institated an earnest effort to cal- lect the revenues. It must be remembered, however, that Mr. Bristow is not a young, rattle-birnined, and conceited fellow, as PorTer scems to be, but a steadfast manof cool temper, and not likely to give ntterance to. the flippant, sneering, and insulting langusge sitributed to him in the sbove dispatch. If be did spesk thus we should remind him that there is & power above the Secretary of the Tressury; that his is‘not the highest office in the Government; and thst even the highest officer must pay deference to facts and truth and also to the will of the people. We do not spprehend, however, that Mr. Bristow needs any such reminder, and pre- fer to believe that he has been malicicusly wisrepresonted by the Inter-Ocsen for pur- poses well known to itself. The organ of the scrip infationists in Chicago wants to know : or the benefit of Architect Porres, will THE Ci- €400 TXIRONR please atsta what peculiar facts or ine finenoe brongat about ts conversion on the Custom- Touse queetion ? Architect POTTER ## dying 10 know, a3 there are others almost equally anxious, It may be that the proprietors of the revenue-frauds orgas aresubject to *‘ peculiar influences.™ There have been circumstances that would indicate as much. So far as young Mr. Porres is concerned, we msy ssy that, when he first came into office, it was fairly to be presumed that he was actuated by bonor- sbls motives, and we were inclined to credit Lis statements. We'were forther inclined to this opinion when the Government Commis- sion reported that there was nothing but a “subsoil of mud” underlying the Custom- / House. We said that if sll of young Mr. Porree's assertions were true, and all the Government Commission's tests were fair, we feared the walls would have to come down. Bat we were still not satisfied, but began to think that buildings Jike the Pacific Hotel, the Lakesids Block,and Eoncre's Block, must be erected on the sumne kind of “‘mud” as the Custom-House, and, being "six stories, or ebout 100 feet, in height (very much higher than the proposed Castom-House), it was strange they d@id not settle, sink, and topple over. We, therefors, recommended an investigation by locsl architects whose personal knowledge must be complete. This investigation was carcfolly mede, and the ananimous report of seven such men, whom 8l our eitizans know 1o be campetent and ssan of chursolar, satisfied ws that young Mr. Porres had been trying to mislead the pub- lic in this matter, and that the Government Commission had grossly exaggerated the dangers. None but an Jnter-Ocean organist would need $o look for peculiar influences” in 5o simple & matter as the modification of & judgment based upon sllegations found to be incorrect. The rending of the report of the Commission of local architects exercised the same “ peculiar inflnence” upon the opin- ions of s hundred thousand citizens of Chi- cago, and brought about the same degree of “conversion on the Custom-House question,” that it did on Tee TrIBUNE. PROPOSED EXTRA SESSION. There is some talk of asking Gov. Beves- DGE to convene & specinl session of the Leg- islature to provide some means whereby this city and & number of other cities may be able 1o extricate themselves from the difficulties in collecting their back taxes. We think this measure is premature. The fate of Bill 300 is of course felt as seriously in other cities as in Chicago. These other cities have been la- boring under the disadvantage of trying to collect their taxes under that and other spe- cisl laws. Whatever reason may have prevail- ed in the pnst, there is noreason now why any of these cities may not have their taxes assessed and collected under the general law. But the general law itself, in the matter of <ity taxes, may require some mo lifiction, and especially in the means of collecting thetaxes of backyears which have escaped collection be- cause of defects in the special laws. One thing is certain: there should be no more at- tempts at epecial legislation. There shounld be but one revenue law, one tax assessment, and one collection. But the uncollected taxes of past years is a serious embarrassment to all thege cities, and legislation may be needed o enable those taxes either to be levied anew, or to be collected in some manner. None of thoss cities can afford to lose them. There should also be a conference between the sev- eral cities, a full statement of the difficulties, and a general agreement upon the proper legislation needed, which will require time, and, if a session of the Legislature be needed, it should be held next winter. No time would be lost, if there were prelimi- nary consultation and agreement. Another and a serions embarrassment is the controversy over the charter of this city. There are two questions pending. One is, that the charter of 1872, under which the city is now operating, was never sdopted legally. Thatis a question of law. If the objection be held valid by the Suprems Court, then that settles the whole matter finally. The second question is, Was the charter adopted, as a matter of fact ? That is to be tried in the event that the Supreme Court shall hold that the charter was adopted 2s s matter of law. It is unfortunate in many respects that this point cannot be de- termined by the courts without delay. It seems to us that, if there were a disposition to o 50 on the part of the city anthorities, ‘both thess cases might be so far agreed upon that decrees might be taken in the lower courts, and the whole metter, in all its forms, ‘be laid before the Supreme Court for one and = final decision. If this were outof the way, and it was definitely settled what charter the city was under, there would be more in- telligent action than can be had while that question is undetermined. Other cities, em- ‘Dbarrassed by the question of taxation, have mot adopted the charter of 1872, What would bo snitable and necessary in the one case, may rot answer in the others. If legislation be required, time had better be taken to con- sider what may be needed, so that when the Legislature shall be called definite legislation maoy be asked. COLLECTING CITY TAXES, The City of Chicago holds judgments for taxes on real estate covering nearly, if not quite, three millions of dollars. For this she has the cortificates of tax sale for the unpaid taxes of 1872, 1873, and in due time will have for the uncontested unpaid taxes of 1874, ‘The unpaid taxes of 1872, '3, and 4, for which she hos no judgments, will aggregate perhaps a million and a quarter of dollars, Theso taxes of all kinds are a lien upon the property ; those for which the property has been sold is 8 lien of record, both in the judgments and in the certificates of tax sale. The other taxes, for which there is no judg- ment, is still & lien, and the City Govern- ‘ment, we think, should place among the land records, as s notice to purchasers, a full state- ment of such unpaid taxes. The effect would bo that no sales or mortgage of the premises conld be made so long as the tax Lien remsined & cloud upon the title. Of the other unpaid taxes,—those represented by the tax cartificates,—the whole som thereof will ultimately be collected, because they are such a lien of record that none of the prop- erty can bo sold, or money borrowed thereon, 80 long s the tax remains unpaid. But the city is not precluded from collect- ing the taxes of 1873 and 1874 by the refusal of the courts to grant judgments and orders of sale. In the act providing for the sssessment of property and the levy and collection of taxes, in forca July 1, 1873, Sec. 12, it is provided that theé City Collector, after having received his warrant for the collection of the annual taxes, shall give ten days’ nolice that the same is in his hands, and that at the end of thirty days *he will levy upon the personal property of all who have failed to pay.” It further provides that at the end of the thirty days “‘he shall so levy if personal property belonging to such delinquent person or per- sons can be found.” Said taxes are made ““a lien upon any property, real or personal, that such delinquents may have or may there- after acquire until paid ; and the Collector or ‘his successor in office may at any time there- after levy and collect the same.” Bec, 14 of the same act provides as folows: ATl taxes, general cr spe-isl, and special sasess- ‘meats, leviad by tbe City Council, shall b2 & lien upon the real estate on which the sume may be imposed, and said Hen shall continue until sald taxes, special tazes, and sssessments are paid. . . . The city toxes aliall 210 b 3 lien on the peronal property of sll persons owing taxea from and after the delivery to the Collector of the warrant; aud no szle or tranafer of axid proporty shall affect tha lien, but themid properiy msy bo seized by the Collector wherever found, and removed, if necesary, and sold, 20 diacharge the txxea of the person owing the same; and the same proceedings may be resorted to by the Callector npon fany warrant lasued for the collection of s special 2ssessment or special tax. Upon such sefzare of persousl property by such Colloctar, he shadl forthwith advertiss and sell the same in the man- ner provided by law for sales by Constables pon exs- cutions ssued by Justioss of the Peace, eto. ‘We quote these provisions of the law to show that the City Collector of Chicago may at any time levy upon any personal property owned by any person who is in defanlt in the payment of any general or special city tax for 1873 or 1874, whether such unpaid tax be on real or porsonal property, and by the sum- mary proco’s, like that of a Constable’s sale, sell the same for the said tax and the costs thereon. There is, therefors, no difficulty in the way of the Collector of Chicago in collect. ing all the unpaid city taxes for 1878 and 1874 from any resident of this city who has any personal property of sny kind. House Lold furniture, horses, carriages, bngglea, watches, dinmonds, jewelry, office-furniture, goods in store,—or any kind of property capsble of seizure,—may be taken by the Col- lector withont any previous process, and the same sold, and the proceeds applied to the psyment of the unpaid tax. It is a mistake to assume tkat the judg- ment of a Court is essential to warrant tho seizare and sale of personal property for taxes, whether those taxes are on real estate or personal property, or are general or special taxes. The only case where a judgment and oxder of sale by a Court is required is where real estate is to be sold. The law makes the tax lien ; and the Collector is suthorized to seize any personal property he can find, and sell it to pay any tex that the owner may owe. All, therefore, that the City Collector has to do, is to get his lists of those persons who have not paid their tax for 1673 and 1874, especially those who escaped judgment, and. placing his order of seizure in the hands of his deputies, go to the residences, offices, or places of business of the delinquents, de- mand the taxes due, and, if refused, then seize and yemove so much of the pernonal property of each delinquent as may be neces- sary to cover the unpaid tax of all kinds which may be due from sach persons. In the performance of such daty, the City Collector cannot bo impeded except by the order of some Court, and no Court will inter- fere unless the applicant will assert that he has paid such tax, or that it was fraudulently levied, or that it was levied on property not subject to'taxation. Asmno such allegations can be msde, there will be no restraining process issucd, and the Collector within sixty days msy collect all the unpaid taxes for 1873 and 1874 dus by residents of the city whose property has not already been sold, or for which judgment has not bean alréedy ob- tained. Those persons, therefore, who have escaped taxation through the defects of the local law may be compelled to pay -the back taxes by the simple exercise of the legal powers of the Collector. Will the Collector perform his duty? Will the Alsyor and Comptroller require him to do so? THE 0’CONNELL DISTURBANCE IN DUBLIN. The disturbance in ihe O'CoNNELL demon- stration in Dublin on Friday shounld not be misconstrued as an intentional insult to the memory of O'Coxserr. Nothing of this kind was entertained. It was a protest of tho National or Patriot party in Ireland against the effort on the part of the Ultra- montanes to give thetcelebration an Ulira- montane character. Lord 0'HaGax, who was selected as the orator of the day, is a Roman Catholic and a strong supporter of the British Government. When he did nct ap~ pear, for prudential reasons, the Lord Mayor of Dublin undertook to read his speech for him. The Lord Mayor of Dublin isalsoa Roman Catholic and o supporter of the Gov- ernment. Hence the refusal of the Fenian amnesty men and the Home-Rulers to listen to the reading of a speech of one such man by another man of the same character. The meaning of the popu- lar protest was expressed by Mr. O'Coxnor Powes when he said it was an insult to the memory of O’CoxxELL to invite a pensioner of the British Government (meaning O'Ha- 6ax) to lead in the celebration, and thot O’CosyELL should be honored as a National- ist and the emancipator of Ireland. O'Cox- x~or PowEs is an Irish member of Parliament and himself & Catholic, but he is one of that class of Catholics who have Fenian sympa- thies. 3 The Dublin demonsiration is s new evi- dence of the fact, which has long been ap- parent, that the Romsn Catholic Charch, as 8 political power, is losing its influence in Ireland in the same way, though not to the same degree, a5 in Germany. There is a growing protest against Ultramontanism, and a disposition to affiliate with the En. glish Republicans of the Bravraven school. This feeling has been in- tensified by the natursl sympathy and communion of rule which has existed be- tween the dignitaries of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland and the English aristoc- racy. The Lord Mayor of Dublin and Lord O'Hagay, a Circuit Judge, are types of this bond. It has also been hastened by the growing tendency to freedom of thought among the younger and more intelligent classes in all the countries where the Church has been accustomed to full political sway. Tho sentiment receives a general expression, in Ireland as well as Germany, France, Italy, and Belgium, by a protest sgainst Ultramon- tanism upon every possible occasion. This is what Friday's demonstration in Dublin meant, ‘WEST-SIDE IMPROVEMENTS. Few people in the North or South Divis- ion are aware of .the rapid march of im- provements in the extreme portions of the West Division, particularly in and about Central Park. 5o rapidly are these improve- ments progressing that, in a very short time, Lincoln Park and the South Parks will cease o monopolize the entertainmont of pleasure- seekers. The West-Siders, at least, will have a place of their own where they can resort for recreation, driving, and fresh air, Beyond the block-pavement on West Washington stroet there is a short strip of the street three or four blocks in length which is not yot paved, but is being made ready for pavement. Beyond this, from the railway crossing to the Central Park,—a distance of & mile and a half,—the wide street is graveled and laid out in as elegant style as the South Park Boulevard or the Lincoln Park Shore- Drive. The short interval to which we have alluded will soon be finished, and the West- Siders will have a continuous improved road- way to the Central Park, which will be one of the finest in the city. Forty acres of the east side of the Park Lave already been laid out, planted, watered, and beautified, even more finely than Union Park, and in the south pro- jection of this Central Park, which will prob- ably not be improved for some time to come, ' a mile trotting-track has been laid out in the most admirable manner, and n grand stand has already been erected. This will give to West-Siders the advantage, which has been so long enjoyed by the South-Siders, of & place where they may speed their horses and enjoy 8 lively drive. They are waiting with some impatience for the completion of the circalar drive, and, when that is done, & general rush maoy be expectad for the Central Park and the circular course by every patriotic West-Sider owning horse-flesh which can **move on,” while the staid and stendy-going citizens will take themselves and their families to the Park proper for their enjoyment. Beyond the Park, to the west, is the West Chicago Land Company's Subdivision, and the large tract purchased by the Chicago & North. western Railroad Company for the erection of their numerous machine and repair shops. Four or five huge brick structumres have alroady been arecied, in which some seven or eight huridred men are at work. South of the Com pany's works, and in the subdivision to whict: we have allnded, a new town is springirig up with wonderful rapidity, de- penden ¢ upon the industrial demands of the Railrozd Company. A large and hand- rome gchool-house hes been erected. A 12-in ch water-pipe from the city—the new tow a being partly within the limits of Cicero —1lias been extended to the vicinity of the car-shops, and the “drainage into the West B ranch is pretty fair by means of wide, open Clitches. Itis estimated that when the rail- road works are completed they will give oc- cupation to at least 3,000 men, and that their families and the tradesmen, who must of ne- | cessity come in to supply the demands of : the workmen, will at least make up a popu- { 1ation of 15,000 souls. At the present rate of growth, it will not take many years to reach this estimate. -This town will be near- 1y midway between Central Park and Austin- ville, which is already a thriving little place, almost before we know it. . The inhabitants of Carville will ‘be only a few minutes’ walk from Central Park, and the workmen and their families, therefore, will always have this besutiful and healthful spot for recrea~ tion, evenings and Sundays. Under the spur of this peculiar advantage, the little town is rapidly growing and incrensing, and the im- provements made by the Railroad Company are manifesting their influences even beyond its limits by the growth of the contiguous territory. The benefits of our park systems are thus being shown long before the perks are completed. There can be little doubt that in a short time all three of the West Side Parks, the Central, Douglas, and Humboldt, *¥ill be in the midst of a large and thriving population, and surrounded by substantial und permanent improvements. MISTARES OF TRADE~UNIONISM. “In time of peace prepare for war,” may In some cases bo & wise maxim. It has been adopted as the motto of one of the great Ex.- glish trade-unions, and is a favorite legend to be inscribed on the flags borne in unionist processions. It is sn avowal of the underly- ing principle of these organizations. Their members bLelieve that the natursl stato of man, in the relations of capitalist and la- borer, is war. They unite for the ostensible object of fighting their employers. Their relief work is incidental and subsidiary to this. Yet the latter is of substantial value, while the former is gn almost unmixed evil. The power of trade-unions to force or maintain wages sbove the market-level—that is, the level at which demand and supply would fix them were there no unions—is very small at all times and 72 at most times. The wdge-fund, which is the aggregate remunera- tion of labor either in all trades, in one, ur in one establishment, according to the connec- tion in which the term is used, may be either the real or the possible wege-fund. The former is the amount actually paid; the lat- tor is the amount which an employer could afford to pay and still make a living profit. It is evident that when the real and possible ‘wage-funds coincide,~—that is, when an em- ployer is already paying all he can afford,— 10 persussion, threats, or compulsion can advance wages. If the men positively de- cline to work for the sums they are receiving, the employer must sbandon his enterprise and shut up his shops, ar consume his capital. He cannot do business at 8 lossa In such & csse as this, then, trade-unionism is powerless. When tha real wage-fund is below the possible one, the working of economic laws will bring sbout an advance. The two always tend to coin- cide. For, when the former is less than the latter, the profits of the employersin this par- ticular branch of indastry will be above the average. New capital will be drawn into it. The demand for the particular kind of labor will thus increase, and its remuneration will therefora advance. The process may be hastened by a strike or a threatened strike, but the increased facilities for bringing other Jjourneymen from different parts of the coun- try, and even from different countries, di- minishes every year the chances of a succéss- fuol strike. Moreover, if it does succeed, it rarely pays for itself. Suppose 100 men, re- ceiving §3 & day, strack for 30 days, and then got $3.50 a day apiece. The aggregiate wages lost during the 30 days would be §9,000. The aggregate gain would be (100X50 cents) $50 o day. They would have to receive these new wages for 180 working days, or 30 ‘weeks, before they had made up the $9,000 lost by the strike of 30 days. But, before the thirty weeks had passed, the working of supply and demand would have been almost certain to have coused the advance. In this case, the $9,000 would have been worse than wasted, for the strike, besides having given the men nothing they would not have got at any rate, would inevitably have cultivated habits of indolence and int2mperance among some of them. It would, moreover, have caused bad feeling between masters and men, and this huris the latter more than it does the former. The good done the workingman by union- ism is, then, very problé/matical. The harm done him is unfortunate Iy not problematical, but surs. The union re duces all its members to the lovel of the woirst. It will not, as a rule, allow employers i most trades to pay by the piece,—which is the most rational and equitable form of the wagesystem. It fixes a certain average ‘wage for good, bad, and indifferent workwen. It refuses to let the active, strong, skidiful man reap the re- ward of his superiority over his sluggsh, wasteful, and bungling comrade. It stretches all its members on. a Procrustean bed. The inferior majority imposes its rules upon the superior minority. The journeyman is thus deprived of all incentive to make himself & first-class worker. He will get no more pay if he dces o, and his strongest impulse to energetic {abor is thus taken away. There \is a pretengse, indeed, of admitting none but skilled artisans to membership, but it is only 8 pretensis, and shallow at that. The union must admit almost anybody who applies, in order to-have the slightest chance of success in its misjudged warfare sgainst the employ- ing class. There is & valuable snggestion to be made on this point. 1t has been put in practice on 8 small scale in England. Why not divide the members of a union into at least three classes—five would be better—in accordance with their capacity forwork? Certificates, is- sued by the Governing Board and counter- signed by employers, should be issued. Then a graduated scale of wages could be fixed A firsbclass man would be worth at least 33 per cent nore than 8 third-clnss one. Under tho present system, the skilled workmen of America are donating about one-quarter of their wages to the na- skilled. This is very generons, no doubt, or would ba if it were dope as an act of gener- ordty. Bat it is grossly unjust to the wives und children of the iormer,—a erying in- Justice to them. * And this is not the worst sin sgainst the helpless dependents of the member of 2 union. Tke Iatter, in order to control the market and be in better fighting trim, excludes American boys from the trade. It cuts down the num- ber of apprentices as far as possible. The carse of * hoodlumism ” at Sen Francisco lies at the door of the unions, which have shnt oat the sons of their own members from every honest and useful®pursuit open to them and so forced them into the schools of the streets. . This sa, process is being carried out in every city in America. Chicago is no exception. It is a ghastly error which words are inadequate to paint. # A TALK ABOUT GREENBACKS. There ere a few simple facts about the “ greenbuck " which cannot be denied, but which are often overlooked. We group here some of these facts,—the A, B, C of the financial question : A “greenback™ contains the following promise: * The United States will psy the bearer —— dollars.” What docs this prom- ise of the National Government mean? The only word in the sentence about which there can be any question is the last. What is & *dollar ? The answer is not difficult, for the “dollar” existed before the greenback, and will exist long after this sort of promise- to-pay has been retired. Whatever, there- fore, constituted a dollar before the green- bock law was passed, is the qusntity of value promised to be paid in redemp- ‘tion of the greemback. The laws of the United States define the word ‘‘dol- lar.” It means, according to them, 284 grains of gold, made into coin and stamped at the Mint of the United States, or an equivalent value of silver treated in the same way. This dollar is recognized the world over. It passes anywhere in Christen- dom at its face value. A bit of green paper, on the other hand, though stamped a thou- sand times over with the word *‘ dollar,” does not become the thing. It merely repre- sents the thing, and does this so imperfoctly that it is worth, not a dollar, not 100 cents, but a varying number of cents,—G0, 70, 80, or 90,—according to ceriain circumstances and the confidence felt in its redemption in actual dollars within & reasonsble time. It is now worth about 86 to 87 cents. It has been worth only 38, and not long after it jumped “to 80 cents, and then tumbled down to 60, then up, next down, and so on. If the infla- tion programme were to be fully carried out, it wonld be worth 10 cents or 5 or O cents, like the French assignats, the Rebel gray- backs, and other shinplaster serip. It is not strange, perhaps, that the American people have forgotten what a ‘““dollar” is, since there has not been a real dollar seen in general circulation east | of the Rocky Mountains since 1861. - Persons | who wish to refresh their memory can do 8o by taking a trip to Nevada or California, where they will find real dollars circulating, and Federal scrip called *greenbacks” bought and sold liks any other sortof dubions paper. Since ‘““dollar” means & minted coin of 23 1-8 grains of ' gold, the promise printed on every greenback means that the United States will pay the bearer thereof as many gold dollars of 231-3 grains weight each as the paper calls for. The demonstration can be thrown into the form of a syllogism. Major premise: A dollar is 23 1-3 grains of gold, made into a coin and stamped at the Mint of the United States ; mmnor premise: A greenback is a promise to pay 5o many dollars; conclasion: therefore, & greenback is o promise to pay so many minted coins containing 23 1.3 grains of gold each. The only question left an honest man or an honest nation to consider, under these circumstances, is, how shall this promise be kept? The best thing to do would be to re- deem these green promises on demand at the Treasury and the Sub-Treasuries. If thisisim- practicable, the next most honest thing to do ‘would be for the Government to offer to pay interest on them in the shape of a gold bond, into which the peaple should have the right to fund them. When they were first issued the holders had this right, and it should not have been taken away. Those who prefer to keep the greenbacks would have the privilege to do so, but those who preferred a bond for them should not be deprived of that option. 1t is not improbable that a bond payable in gold and bearing 3.65 gold-interest would be satisfactory to the American people. It would be absurd to make the note payable, principal or interest, in another note of the maker, This would be like Micawber, who paid kis note by giving andther for it. The obligation would still continue. Only the form of it would be changed. As long as the United States merely gives paper promise for paper promise it will always owe the original debt. To be out of it, it must give what it promised—gold dollars. It must band over real dollars in exchange for its rag dollars. 1If not ready, then it should give a time-note, drawing interest, and psyable ‘when due in real dollars, Bignees and greatness are two different things, as the English discovered when they built the Great Eastero. The lesson taught by that monatroas failure was severe enongh., one would think, to prevent the ropesition of the mistake for many years to come, yet it appears that a similar blunder is just aboat being consummated. ‘Then it was ships that ailed the British ; now it is .| guns. The War Office has just completed an 81-ton gua, and, without waiting for the results of its proof, bas ordered the consiruction of another like it. The biggest gun the srtillerymen have vet bad to Geal with weighe but 33 tons, or less thao one-hslf 8§ much as the monater just com- pleted; the “Woolwich Infsnt” weighs ooly 35 tons. It is & question whetber any instrument larger than this can be made effective. The new 81-ton gun cannot be moved or shipped by any of the appliancea now in existence. If once it ‘be wountsd, it must be worked, like **The Wool- wich Infant,” by bydraalic spparatus; the shot it throws—1,000 pounds each—must be elevated to its muzzle by dermcks; it maust be swabbed oul with a ramrod 80 feet long; and all the means of handung aod chargivg it must be in like proportion. In the eod very likely it will prove & prodigions failure, or be disused slto- gether, perbaps, in favor of some newer and more powerful agent of destruotion. —_———— Ot all tbings in the world, we should think financial irregulatities—or ‘‘misfortunes,” as the fashion is to call them in these days—twould be the last fo come within the purview of the moralists employed to write for Mr. Hzxey C. BowenN's paper. But they seem to tackle sub- Jects of this kind with more zest than any otber. The failure of DUNCAN, SHERMAN & Co, has fur- nished one of them with a text for a disconrss, io which, it must be sdmitted, thera is a good deal of sound sense. The Independent editor hopes no sympatby will be wasted on Me, Wrrv- 1ax B. DoscsN. He is in no danger of suffer- ing. Hia father is encrinouely weaithy, and he Limsel! is bevond the possibility of want. The roal sufferers by hia failure are the travelsrs ‘in Europe who hold letters of credit from Doxcay, Suzryax & Co., and the sctors who intrusted their savings to the keeping of tho frm. Hig ailure was caured by s course of reckless speca- Iation, ‘* whichin s banker l4 fo the highest do- &res’ censurabls, aod ought to be iodictabie.” —a————V—V = ——————————— Now, if the Independent edito will pass an eq\fl.lly severe judgment on thae persons who assisted in impoverisbing widows orphans, and clergymen by advert.sing the jorthern Pacific echeme for a bavus in the eaitoial columns of religions newspapers, he will pake # valasble contribution to current discussicn, and establish o roputation for candor and imputiality. ART MOSAICS . L CEATEAUBRIAND, in Genie dx Christignisme, esys: ‘The plessing writers of Greece relate that a young female. perceivitg the shadow of her Jover upon » wall chalked the outline of the figore, Thus, according tu aatiquity, a transient passion . produced the art of the mngt perfect illnsions.” The atory is variausly related. Koza, daughter of DIBUTAD== of Corinth, assisted her father in modeling in clay various articles. which paesers-by purchased. Ous of perfa. ther’s patrons, a haodsome Grecian yontn, rq]) i love with the daughter, and when, after the betrothal, it became necessary for him to leave the city, Kona, seeing hus shadow on the wall, traced it there with a piece of pointed charcosl. Her father immediately filled the ontline with clay, and thus, if the legend be well founded, ‘waa produced the first medaltion. DruTanEs, however, lived about the seveoth century before Cunist; buj the Egyptians prac- ticed sculpture for btndreds of veats previously, and the culmipation of tbe pational siyle was reached io the colossi of Thebes, 1260 B. C. They are four in ndmber, each 61 feet high, in & eitting posture, the hands reshing upoo the kneos, the faces characterized by tranquillity aod vigilance combioed. Tne finest epecimen of Egyptian colossal sculpture ia the original head of young MEMNON, the matenal of which is gran- ite; a recovered portion is now in the Batish, Muogeum,—ubout ope-third the height of the statne. Granite i8 the hardest substance used in the sculptor’s art; and the catting of the mouth, the nostril, and the ear of the MEuNoN proves the possescion of admirable sxi'l on the part of the unknown artist. In the numerous sculptured groups found smong the bas-rehiefs of the tomos in Mewmphis, the beauty of the carving 18 marred by the sculptor’s ignorance of perspective. In their wooden statues the Egyp- tians wera sccastomed toinsert in ere-balls of quartz ronoded bits of rock erystst for the oapils, and s bright oail indicated tbe visual point up- der bronze eyelids. The entire ignorsnca of perspective ahown 1o Egyptisn ast is acconoted for by a natural defect in the eye of Easten races. The great Sphinx of Memphis, dating from an uuknown period, aod hewn from a spur of living rock, is 172 feet long aod 56 feet high. The head of the Sphiox 18 homa, repiesenting inteltigence, and the Lody that of a lion, typify- ing power; but otber combinations were fre- quentiy formed, as the Criosphiox, baving the head of a ram; the Hieracosphinx, with the head of 8 hawk. Some of the Iater Sphinxes have an sdditional feature in the form of wings. Avenues of Sphinxes were commonly employed a8 dromos, or approaches, to the Egyptian tem- ple,—awful sentinels of a gloomy secritice. The Egyptisns had a compleie symbolism, sbandantly Mustrated in their architecture and domestic articles, and full of carions suggestion. Next to the Sohinx, which typified wisdom and strength, was the ram. which represented Am- mon, the Jupiter of Egvpt; the ichnenmon. strangely enough, was the symbol of the god of Force ; the lioo, of the god of Fire ; the cow, of the goddess of Besuty,—s singular choice ; the gazelle, of the Devil ; and & mummy, weariog & conical cap, was the representative of PLuro; while a female form, wearing s crown, indicated Iss,—the Egyptian Cemes. All these symbols, varionsly executed, are found in the temples and tombs,~the exteriors and interiors of the latter being covered with bas-reliefs, sculptured with remarkable skill, representing sieges, battles, processions, fessts, funerals, enginery of war, Borses, soldiers, and national customs. Many curious specimens of Egyptian sculp- ture are to be seen in the Berlin and British Ma- seums and the Louvre. Theyare chiefly, as re- corged, * Colossal statues, in which the srms are geverally fixed by the chest, the legsconnect- od together ; smaller statnes of kings, divini- ties, priests, etc. ; bas-reliefs, either from tombs or temples ; stel®, or tablets engraved with his- torical inscriptions, either in relief or in in. taglio; earcophagi,—boxes of granite, basalt, or stone, constructed to contain mummies, and covered with bieroglsphics ; pottery of different kinds, such a8 amphore /wine-vessels), canopi (funeral vases), delicately carved, etc.” The Egyptisns made & very fine porcelain, covered . i toilers among the divinj compures thel total with that of nflx';m mfl::xc::dix ‘hj guuy_ apparent that gold, not gam.J ‘:: ingpiration; and thaz, unlike Micauzr Aok who touled ** for mmortatty, not for mon o they tail for money, nos for wmmortality e ———— A white man who had lived Soventeen gy 8110Dg 8avares %33 rascaod on the 11ta of Apr last by a British vessel from » small istasd the northeast coast of Queensland, lat. 13 10 min. south, loug. 143 deg. . min. east. Fe was laken much agansi by will, having lost -all recollecsion of civilizg tion, and only being inducel to leave his bag n.nrin friepds by fear of violence. When queg tioued na to bis antecedents he auswered iy ; sort of gibborish. in which s few French worg were ra‘mgnized. aod he was able to write by name in a suff Freach haud. It appears thy thia man was a cabin-doy on the St Paul, ¢ Bordeaux, which miled from Chins fe Australia in 1853, and was Wrecked s :;a Louisiade Archipelago. From the poat buk‘:s wreck the Captain a0d crew e const, Borll OPeD boat for the Austraids . * >eaching their destination vt sapply of water ..,, Red Rock Point. Hero' mory 224 d‘gxd":‘;:a‘; Nancissz, whose wonderfaldis.., beon described. Tho case Ia taliresl] course, vot merely for its romance, Iczs:‘:g' opportunities it afforls for pavchalogicsl stuzy, The questions bhow mind 13 alfeced by assoa. tion, castom, and elucation; how ths body ite selt yields to peculiar diet, and thus ihfl the mental faculties; how the religious natany famishes aod dies when appropriste Sustenade fsrefused it; and how far ideas in regarity social phenomens are based on insufficient daty —all mey obtain partial elicidation from trig extraordinary case. The study of the restared man has but just begnn. Heis intelligent gagd toleratly educated, though he was auly 12 years of age when he was cast amay, Thus far ooly ooe fact of importance bas beeo learned from him. He says the blacig bave no knowledge of any Superior Being, und no form of religion of any kind whatsver. The dead are tied up with cords after tne fashion of amummy, snd exposel to the action of thasun either in the forks of the trees or on & roagh scaffold. Taia statem:nt contradicts tha as- samption of & large aumaor of ncwitionst pli- Josophers, wao maintain tiat thoides of a Gol oz Godais always and neccasarily present to all men. —_— JoEx BRrIOET believes that only honast men who are in entire ignorance of the facts czn dife fer in opinion as to the guilt of the convict st Dartmoor, otherwise known us the TicEsorsx claimant, It is not o remarkable that Jomx Bpiont shoold bebeve this as that he shonld £ay acything at all on tte subject at this lata day. But, strange ns it may seem, ths Tica- EORNE agitation has not yet ceased. Wmarrey and KexeaLY will not suffer it to die; and they still have the eympatny of s not inconsideravle number of their coun‘rymen. Bubscriptions are still made for ** the fa¢ convict ”; meetings are beld io his interest ; the odor of the canus per- meates even the halls of Parliament ; sod publis men, puch 28 Mr. BRIoRT, are peatered with lote tera stating and restating the tesimony. Mr. Baraxrr, for his part, will thank the peopls ta bother him no mors about st, and douttless oth- er popular leaders will take the same course. I is remarznble that a delusion of this deecription should possess the minds of an inteLigent peor ple for 50 long & time. Gov. BevERIDGE throws the blame of the recent masaacre in Williamson Couaty oo the late Democratic Legislature, where, trdeed, if beloogs. The blood of the men murdered since the adjournment rests upon those who had the power and refused to furoish the meacs of cap turivg the assassins. Bat tue law mast prevail even in Wallismson County. If the Govermor ‘Deeds troops to carry cat his orders, he cza bave them for the asking. There is the First Regi- ment of lllinola Guards, thirsting for glory; and the fancy company which protects the per- son of the Governor himself might be spared from thas arduous daty for a few days’ raid in Egypt. Up, Guards, and st ‘em! glory waits you, hands, to hoepitable graves! Perish, cr deserve the name of soldiers! Be sure and clean ons the cowardly cutthroats of Williamson County bee fore you die or disbaod. Go wbers be welcomed, with bioody Residents of Mount Anburn, near Cincinnati, were roused from their slumbers one morning with a silicious glaze of varions colors, It was | last week by three lusty cheers. Om inquiry, from the Egyptiana that the Greeks learned the art of casting bronze statues. The early sculptures of Babylon and Nineveh, of Persia, Asia Mivor, Syris, Chica, and Japan, Peru and Mexico, possess certsin cbaracteristics in common with thoge of Egypt. The subjects #re the eame,—gods, kings, and symbolical ani- mals,—the treatment is rude and stiff, owing to ignorsnce of perspective; aud the use of the art was ususlly sesociated with religion. Unlike painting, the materials, classes, and ‘process of sculpture were, respectively, the same in the earliest as in wodern times. The materials are: marble,—modern eculptors usnally preferring the white, fine-grained Ital- ian, slthough, in earlier time, black and colored | - marble wss aieo used, as well as porphyry, basalf, and granite ; bronze, gold, silver, lead, pewter, wood, ivory, and gema. The styles are : in the roand, or fally detach- ed; allo relicoo—high relief—or nearly detach- ed ; mezo relicvo—semi-relief—rouuded, but still attached to the surface ; basso relievo—bas- reiief, or low relief—alightly raised from the surface ; cavo rehevo, or intaglio—hollowed ont. The process of making high or low reliefs ia marble is very simple. The artist first models bis design in clay or wax; then enlarges it to the actual size of the object, studionsly imitat- ing the Iatter ; when the model is complated, it is allowed to harden, aod a *‘cast ™ is then made by throwing over the model a mixture of plas- ter-of-Paris .and water. When the cast is per- fectly dry, the clay is picked out, and a perfect mold remains. The mold is next filled with fresh plaster, and,” 38 soon 28 the latter is hard- ened. or ‘-set,” the mold itself is removed, and there remains the cast of the model, which the artist proceeds to reproduce from the marble. Hero the theory of Mr. LaNica¥, an Erglish art-critic, regarding the edmitted inferiority of modern to Greek scnlpture, naturally soggests itself. **Ibelieve,"” hesays, *the caueeis the manoer in which moderu atatues are executed. Whoever hss been i1n an artist’s studio must know that, as a matter of fact, the artist does not himself produce the stalue from the block of mar- ble. He buni modols his idea in clay, and his workmen, by measurements in the most busi- ness-like and mechiauical manner "—the process i8 called * pointing "—*sat about to reproduce the form of that model in marble. In the Greek stataes I believe the artist bimaself executed the entire effect, and 80, with every stroke of hia mallet, infused his mind into bis work.” Rusky is substantially of the same opinion. Lax10ax contipues: **If panters adopted the ssme mode of executing their works, and merely sietched the outline of the intended pictore, and left to otbers the task of laving on the colors, modern painting would be in a similar condition, with reference to those works which the artists warked on themselves, as modern scalpture is compared with the works of the ancient Greeks.™ The charge that some of our living sculptors, especially the Americans in Rome and Flo:ence, uot only give out the marble-work of their designg to mechanics, which 1sa very common practice, but even buy or rifla their designs from the Iatter, has not yet been sausfactorily settled, —the latest episode being tho claim of an obscure Italisn of having furnished the design for the Li¥corLx monument at Springfield, Il The best of our modern sculptors, howevar, from MicmaEr Axoxro to THORWALDSRY, Lave chireled in procisely the same way aa the Gresks, aod bave, therefore, como pearest to their by 3 mogul, Van Osdal himsslf, settled frightfully ia ous of it plers, and requred 00 end to jackacrewing cure & remeds.—Jines. they learned that & compsny of workriea ~ere saluting old Sol, who bad broken out from the clouds for the first time in five days. The cou- tinued wet weather is really s serious matter to workmea omployed out of doors. Tha rainfall, evervbody knows, is remarkable; but perbasps everybody does not know just how remarkable it is. Btatistics publishad by the Sigual Service office show that the fall in certain parts of the Missiasippi Valley in six montbs bas beanover19 inches. The sverage fall for the yeer in this same district is not more than 24 inchee. figares furnish, what we Lave eo long needed, 3 measure of the wetaess from which we are now suffering. These Publio sentiment in Towa touching tae gues- tion of capital-punishmens is rapidly changing. Already a pumber of influential nesspapers which were active in securing the aboliton of banging for murder havae coaceded that death 18 not too severs a puuishmeat for reps, snd this number 18 being conatantly reinforced. The poaition is inconsistent and illogical; it will doubtless give way to a better and truer cne. Mesnwlule, the experience of Iows furnishes fruitful study for the seatimentalist aod the theorist, who would govern tieir fellow-men sc- cording to preconceived notions of fitcces aad expediency, instead of consulting the undurm experience of the race for guidance. Cuaucer's Tabard Inn probably perithed in the year 1676, when a large part of the Town of Southwark was devastated by fire. 4 mxw Te- bard succeoded it, and has remained standiog 0 the same spot until the present day. This&is0 i8 now to be demolished. and warehuuses ars to takeits place. Thechangeisaopropristesnough, and certainly in keeping with the times. Wby . &hould poetry Sourish when businesslsnguishes? or, indeed, for that macter, when busines does Dot languish ? And, putting sentiment agde, it isaquestion whether the poetry of England really needs, even for fond association’s sake, thie Tabard Inn whioh Caavcza sud tus friends did not frequent. that g and The Tremont House, manipulatcd % s Qur recallection of the matter is, that it was not the fonndation which sacticd s all. bat that soma of the piers, builtof brick, cracked from thie great pressure upon them. The jackscrew- ing was employed to bold up the weignt untik iron columns could be made to take the place of the brick piers. The foundation remained Hem and sold. —_——— The Times ventares the assertion that “ There are some smong the more caatious and experi~ enced of onr architects who believe that 3% heavy building cao be carned on Chicsgo o, without piling.” Will it please to name Viem? Who are these architects that so believe 2 There are hundreds of our heaviest buildings standing . firmly witbous a pile under them, mn refutation of the above statement of the Times, The mibisters of Washington do not consider even s Democratic House of Represeniatives past praying for. They bave invited Mosarse Moody and Sankey to visit the Capfual pext win= ter and institute s series of revival-meetingse The undertakivg will have the warmest sym=~ patlry of good men io all parts of the countrye Certain oospicuous examples of Christlad: excellence. When one resds the mumber of | sistesmen, it is true. are uot just now held i * works' exocuted by aoms of ont fhsliouabis Ligh popular 0ateem t Liub Liose man ware ek 7