Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 19, 1875, Page 4

THE Cmuasy) TRIBUNE: MONDAY, JULY 19, 1875. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RATES OF SURRCRIPTION (PATARLE IN ADVARCE), Postage Prepald at this Ofee. .00 | Weokly, ) your.... 8 1. Runday ‘Ten cople 14.00 doubte sheet.. 3. Partn of a year at the satne rate, WanTED—Ons active agent in oach town and village. Bpecial arrangementa mede with auch, Hpecimen coplen sent free, To prevent delsy and mistakes, be sure and give Poat-Oftice adilreas in fal), including Statesnd County, Hemitiances may ba mads either by draft, expreas, Poet-Offige order, or In registercd lctters, at onr riak, TERMA TO CITY BUDSCIBENR, Dally, delivered, Bunday excapted, 23 centa per week, Datly, delivered, Bunday fncluded, 30 centa per week, Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madinon and Dearborn Clilcago, Til. O ——— T AMUSEMENTS, HOOLIY'S THEATRE~Dandolrh Olark snd LaSalle, Engsgenicnt of Company. * The Two Orpbans.” street, botween 10 Unjon Bquare ACADEMY OF MUSIC—IIalsted atreet, between Madfson and Monroe, &aau»mem of Nobert Mo- Wade, “Iory 0"More™ and * Dick Xiis Dures Byes,” [ S ——, “BUSINESS NOTIGES ALL. MEX BOW DOWN TO BEAUTY, ANDALL women who have it not, desive 1. Une of its sssantiale ts & paro teansparent oamdesion warmad with the solt tuss- fiush waioh belungs to youth and health, and sminent charra i1 ncquired and render Tairc's iioorm of Youth. -sold by atl teu arpetusl by . Che Chisage Tribune, Monday Morning, July 19, 1878, Another of Bntomax Youno's wives is divorced, but by a method of procedure which involves no tedious litigation for ali- mony. This one simply died. Her name was EvxrLing, nnd the event of her death was of such trivial importanca that no further par- ticulars are vouchsafed; not even her numeri- cal standing in the Prophot's seraglio. An obituary under such ciroumstances ought not o bs expecled. Something more than the Tooley Streot yestorday constituted ‘* We, tho People of England.” Twelve thousand persons assembled in Hyde Pork forthe pur- pose of proteating against Parliament's grant of ¥740,000 to the Princo of Wales for Lis junkéting trip to India. DBrabrAven wns there, of course, and mnde one of his scath- ing speechics ngainst British royalty. A reso- lotion expressive of dissent and dissatisfnc- tion was passed almost unanimously, the fow people who voted against it receiving rough troatment at tho hands of the angry crowd, from whosa clutches they were rescued by the police. Lady JaNe FraxgrLiy died in London last night at the nge of 70 years, after o lingering tllncsa. In 1826 she became tho second wife of Bir Jouy Faangumv, the re- nowned Arctio explorer, who, in 1845, started on his third expedition to the North- orn Scas, and whoso fate, togother with that of the crews of the ships Ercbus and Terror, whichk comprised the expedilion, has never been definitely known, although large sums of money have been spent by Lady Frasgun ood the British and United States Governmonts in fitting out expeditions to search for the rumains of the missing ex- vplorer and his comredes, Sorce of tho socond-hand booksellers are secking to make war upon the City Attorney through the nowspapers because he has com- pelled them to take out o licenso. Now the City Attorney does not make the ordinances, but it is kis daty to cnforco them, The law providea that second-hand book-dealers sholl take out a liconse, and it is a good law in that it requires them to keep o registry of all the second-hand books thoy purchase and from whom they come. ‘The thoft of books from offices is smong the most common nnd annoying species of petty larceny that pre- vails, and there is certainly more protection against it when tho denlers (to whom these stolen books are almost invariably sold) are required to take out n license and koep o registry than when they are not. The effort tomako it appear that the City Attornoy is proseccuting booksellers, and generoliy making war on belles-lettres and oducation by enforcing this law in the courts, is, thorefore, very silly twaddle. He is simply doing his duty in this regpect. A germon on *Tho Rights of Skeptios,” preached o fow waeks since by the Rev. Dr, Farrows, of 8t. Paul's Reformed Eplscopal Cliureh, was the occasion of & kpirited news- paper controversy botween Dr. F. and a gen- tleman who availed himself of a skeptic's right of discwssion, Yesterday Dr, Farrows roturned to tho charge, and in his pulpit, in # sennon on the ** Causes and Cure of Skep- ticism,” carried forward tho argument, which Lias oceasioned wot o little interest in view of’ the recent ogitation of the general subject of Scripture divinity ond authenticity, Dr, Far- rows makes u vigorous defense of Chriatianity 08 against the philosophers, sciontists, and skoptles who am disposed to deny its potency ns tho chief ngent of ths world's civilization, progress, and culture, and gives his anony- mous adversary not a few hanl nuts to crack. Wa print the sermon entire this morning, as also that of the Rev. N, IL AxTewy, of the Park Avenuo AL E, Church, on “The First Miracle,” and of the Rov. L. P, Powers, of tho Third Unitarian Church, who asks ¢ Wag Quuwe Divine?” aud thinks He waa not. Taunkay Las boen heard from on the sub. Ject of the inflation plank of the Ohio Demo- cratio platform, A Baltimore reporter fonnd him willing to be interviowed, and the herd-money Senator procesded to declaro himself as still anxious for the success of his parly in Ohio, nothwith. standing tho injudicious and erroneous deliveranca of the Convention on the currency question, which, Lo says, should only be re- ceived as tho uxpression of local opinion. He regards it as o serious mistake, but not one which warrants any Democrat jn desiring the defeat of the Htate ticket on that aoccount. ‘The gist of Senator Tnumman's position seems to bo that the inflation and repudiation folly should be fndorsed and carried in 18765 {n order to ko sure that it shall bo rojsated and defeuted by the sid of the same Democracy in 1876; that the strength which they give & bad canse now will be its weakness noxt year. By the same rule, the defeat of ALy iu October would jneuro his success in the Presidential race, Political victories are not usually ac. vowplished by this inverse process, aud we {magine that Judge Taunsav's logic will not mect with general acceptance by the real. money Democrats of Ohio or elsewhere, The Chicago prodace markata were unssttled on Haturday, Mees pork was in good demund and 250 per th lower, closing at $19.50 for August, and £10.66 for Soptamber. Lard was more sactive, apd 10@160 per 100 Da higher, cloalog at §15.22}@18.95 for August, and 213.40@18.,43} for September. Ments are in good domand snd firmer, nt 8}@8ic for shoulders, 11}@113c for shott ribs, and 11jc for short clears. Tlighwines were in fair demand and steady at €1.17. TLake freights were moderately nctive, and firm at }c for wheat to Buffalo, Flour was quiet and stondy. Whent was nctive and unsettled, closing je higher, at §1.13} cash and $1.12} for August. Corn was rather quiet and un- settled, closing jc bighor, st 003o cash, and 704c for Angust. Oats were in fair demnnd, and closed §@10 higher, at 49¢ for July, and 387c for August. Rye wns quiot and firmer, Dnrley was notive and stronger, closing ot £1.02@1.02} for September. Hogs were nctive and 10c per 100 Ibs higher, at $6.56@7.056. Cattle were activo and tirm. —— Acconnts are receivod of a furions out- ‘break among the lower classes of the City of San Miguel, in the Republic of Salvador, Tho riot grew out of a religious disturbance between tho Church and State, tho Intler re- fusing to allow the Catholic Bishop's pastoral, in tone hostile to the Governmont, to be read in the churches; whila the action of the civil authorities in regard to tho location of n new markot-place still further fanned the discontent, which was finally wrought to the pitch of violence by an inflammatory pul- pit address by a pricst named Pavacios, Thus incited, n mob of overpowering nume bors took possossion of San Miguel, a city of 40,000 inhabitants, broke open the public prison and liberated the inmates, attacked nnd killed the smallbody of troops garrisoned in the city, murdered #3d mulitated Gens. Esrivoza and CAsTRo, assnssinated several prominent citizons, and then fired tho town with kerosene, burning sixteen houses, and by fire and pillage causing o damage of about $1,000,000, Nothing but the opportune ar- rival of A British man-of-war and tho assist anco afforded by her marines put a stop to the torrible work of slnuglter and destruction. Then there wns some mora slaughtor, but it was of tlie right sort, many of the rioters be- ing canght and shot. At last accounts, Presi- dent Goxzavnes had arrived on the sceno, and vigorous moasures of punishment were under way. ‘WHEAT AS A LEGAI-TENDER. The gentlemen, including the statesmen, who insist that tho redemption or non-re, demption of the greonbacks can in 1o way nffect their valae, becnuso they are themselves tho standnrd and mensures of values, refuso to admit that it is necessary that ** money” shall have any intrinsic value. Thoy insist that anything may be made a legal-tender at such value as the Government may choose by law to attach to it. Wo will, in earrying out this theory, ns- sume that standard wheat, say Chicago No. 2, bo selected ns o mensure of value, and that a check for a bushel of wheat weighing 60 pounds shall be a legal-tender to the amount of one dollar, As it would be both inconvenient ond unmecessary to pay over tha nctual wheatin every transaction, a sys- tem of checks would serve for that purpose. Tho wheat being on deposit, or believed to ba on deposit, the checks entitling the holder to one, ten, o hundred, a thousand, or any num- bor of bushels of wheat, each bushel weigh- ing 60 pounds of standard quality, would be legal-tenders for as many dollars, one dollar to each bushel. If in course of timo these checks were issued in large numbers, and it waa then discovered that the Government had no whent with which to redeem them, and that it never intended to do so, and that it did not even intend to pay intercst on the checks until such time as they should be redeomed,—nssuwing that theso checks for wheat thus issued by the Governwment, and that in the popular thrase * the faith and resources of the coun- try wera pledged to their redemption,” how long would thoy remain at par, and how long would the holder of GO pounds of wheat ex- change that commodity for the check? It is true, the oheoks wonld not bo altogether valueless, Tho checks would become s mat. ter of barter. Thoy would float around all Produce Exchanges and Boards of Trade, nominally representing so much wheat, but inno case equivalent thersto, They would be irredeemable by the issuer. But there wonld ba those who would take tho chances. Thus one man or & dozen men world eay : Tho Government of the United States ot some time must relieve itself of this dishonor of refusing to redeem fts checks, A continuance of them without redemption must rapidly destroy the trade and industry of the people, and the country will loge its character smong the nations of the earth; therefore, as the United States cannot afford to be a repudiator bpyond a limited time, wo will buy these checks on speculation. We will give you for your 100 bushels' check GO bushels of wheat. ‘Tlo next day some other operator st 10 o'cluck a. m. will offer 65 bushels; an hour later not over 50 Lushels will be offored ; and in this way the Govern- mont’s checks for wheat will ran up and down, and bo exchangeable for wheat at from 80 to 40 pounds to tho bushel Whorein is there ony difference be- tween this caso of legal-tonder checks for actual wheat aud the greenback checks payable on demand for dollara ? Both wheat and gold aro actual property, Both are the result of labor and toil. Both represont tho sama expenditure of sweat, of strongth, and exposure; and if there be any differonce, purbops the gold dollar costs more in its production than o bushel of wheat. Having, thorefore, a given weight and fineness of wheat as tho standard of valuo of a dollar instend of 8 given wolght and fineness of gold, wherein is the condition of things changed ? Does not the value of the check for wheat or for gold dopend on tho re- demption, and does not the value of the check in each case decline or ndvanco ns the prospect of the redemption becomes remoto or upproaches the presont? But what would be thought if the Govern- ment, when its checks for wheat had, because of non-redemption snd of any proparation for redemption, lost their value, and could only bo exchanged orgold for just what & broker dealiug in depreciated commodities will give for them, should undertake to remedy the existing evil by issuing double the number of checks calling for double the number of bushels of wheat? In what possible way could such & proceeding im- prove the value of the outatanding checks, or disembarrass the Governwent of its dishon. ored credit in the non-redemption of its puper? Would the coudition of things be changed if any other kind of property be substituted for gold as the substance in which the legsl-tender notes or checks of the Government are drawn against? Can it wmake any difference whether ths check be for gold, wheat, iron, coal, cot- ton, or aoy other kind ot property, all of Ahem the product of labor. Of what use, thereforo, is it fcr the intlationists to decry ¢iold as a measure of valuse, and clalm that it is epecially objectionable na a commodity in -vhich greenbacks are to be redeemed, when precisely the same thing would rewalt it any other commodity were selected, and thors should be no redemption? Paper enrrency has no intrinsic value, and the Government can give it nono ; its commercial value, 88 a menns for the exchange of other com- moditics Liaving a value, dependsuponthe faot that it is redeomable in such commodity at the mensure designated. If it is not re. deemable in corn, or wheat, or iron, or cot- ton, by ita maker, then it has no valne save thnt at which it ean be sold for to denlers in uncurrent securitica or evidonces of debt. Thisis natural. Renl money must have an intrinsic value, It must be valuable proper- ty, or must be exchangeable for valuable property on demand; and its value must be precisely that which can be got for it, either from the minker or such other person who will buy it. It must therefore bo a delusion to suppose that the character of n currency having no intrinsio value, and not redeemablo at all by its mnker, can be improved by the duplication of ita amount and the necessary further postponement of the present merely speculative probabilitios of its ultimate re. demption. THE INDIAN RING. Bome of the Indian Commisaioners have heen talking abont Prof. Mansn's statoment. While declining, of course, to indorse, g yet, the charges ngainst Deraxo and Barrm, thoy oxpress great satisfaction with tho Professor's coursge, say his paper is o strong one, and Lope that the matter will bo fully investi- gnted. Mr. A, E. Hoxr, the Chairmann of the Purchnsing Comunittee of the Donrd, says that he has prevented much fraud this year by having army officers detailed at Sioux City, Kansns City, and Cheyenne to superin- tend tho distribution of goods. This is & striking proof of the folly of transferring the charge of Indian affairs from the War to the Interior Department, Tho standard of army honor is 5o high that officers can be rafely in- trusted with the daties which the civilinn subordinntes of Mr. Deraxo have so shame- fully mismannged. Morcover, the Indian ro- spects the army and does not respact a nom- inal missionary who is suspected of a dispo- sition to maka money at their exponso—that is to chent or stenl. The Indian Ring has en- joyed its paliniest days nnder tho foatering care of the Interior Department. Mossrs, Deravo and Syata bave had to submit to having a special Board created, the duty of which is to detect the frauds which these two unworthies ought to prevent and which they nre accusod of favoring. It will bo remem- bered that n number of the more prominont members of this Board resigned a fow months ago, because they wero unable to in. dneo the Interior Department to make any offort to prevent flagrant jobbery. Now the subordinates of the War Department hava been called in to act na 8 socond check upon the Ring which {s alloged to hava Coruamus Drraxo at its head and G, D.'s son at its tail. Gen, CrivtoN B, Fisg, the Chairman of the Board of Indian Commissioners, told a Now York Zribune roportor that Derano sent in his resignation last Decomber, but hod withdrawn it because he wished tho al- loged irregularitica thoroughly investigated before he retired. Really this is strange. No one hus noticed any frantiodosire on the part of Mr. Deravo to have himself or his Depart- ment investigated. We do not remember that he haa publicly oxpressedany such wish, If he cherishes it, let tho laudablo longing bo fully gratified. The only condition shonld be that the Investigating Committee should not be selected by Drravo from Drra- vo's pals. 'Then the trial might become o tragedy, not o farco; and the country would bear up nobly undor o tragedy in the Interior Dopartment. - Btill, investigation tokes timo, If all the chargos aro to bo investigated, and Mr. Devaxo is to stay in office till they are, ho may dio of old age befors the nocessary whitowash has been spread over his cracked character. What Gon, Fisx thinks about the advisability of the Secrotary’s resignation can be inforred from his statement that ** the alleged irrogu. larities in the Interior Department have been caused by the want of o man of good solid business capacity at itahead.” Justso. One of tho component parts of *good solid busi- ness capacity” is honesty. . We publish elsewhere mome convincing proofs submitted by Prof. Mansg in cor- roboration of his chiarges. P THE BOHOOL QUESTION IN NEW YORE. The question of the reeding of the Bible in the public scheols has come up in a novel shape in Albany, N. Y. The objection to tho practice comes in this instance from Dr. SonLesmvors, a Jewish Rabbi, who complained that the reading of the New (lestamoent was of n denominational character, and requested in behalf of tho Jowish citizens that the ex- orclses be discontinued. The matter was in- vestigated, and it was found that the State Superintendont of Instruction had made the following decinion concerning religious exer- cises in public schools: A toacher haano right to cousume any portion of the regular school hours fn conducting religions exer- clses, eapecially where objection s ralsed, The princl. ple s this; Common schools ara supported and satab- Tised for the purpose of imparting ustruction in the common Euglsh Uranches, Religlous instruction forms no part of the course, ‘Tha proper places in which to receive such inatruc- tlon are churehss and Buuday-achoals, of which there Is ususlly s suficient number in every district. Tho money 1o support schools comes from Lhe peopls st large, irrespactive of ssct or denomination, Conse- quently fustruction of a sectarlas or religious denomi- Datlonal charscter must b avolded, and teacLers 1nust confiae themgslyes daring achool bours to tislz legitis mate and proper duties, Decisions of s rimilar character have been given by the different Blate Buperintendenta in all casea whers objsctiunhias been ratsed to reliaious sxerclaes durlng school hours, It isthe opinion of your Commiltes tiat he teschers of our publio schools have acted in thls matter entirely on ihelr judgment, sod with the best intontions, but without authority, and contrary to the apirit of” the lawa requlsting public instruction in thls Btate, ‘I'his is the proper construction of the func- tions of the public schools with reference to religious exeralres, aud, as it hns been gener- ally construcd in the Btate to mean an ex- clusion of Bible.reading, it is probable that the demand of the Jewish residents of Albany will be acceded to. It is certainly much more reasonable and conaistent than the po- sition which the Oatholics bave taken in some parts of the country. They have ob- jected to the reading of the Bible beoause a Protatant version of the Bibls has been wsad; and when Bible-reading has been dis- continusd altogether, as in Oinclonati and elsowhers, they have then ralsed the objeotion that their people were taxed to support what they called * Godless schools,” The elimination of Bible exercises from the schools baving failed to satisfy that class of Catholics, it is very ovident that ibeir purpose is not to wecure o thoroughly non.sectarian system of publio education, as tbey claimed in the outset, but to break down the aystem of fres publio schools alto- gothar, For now they olalm that the achools are ** Godless,” and that the Church forbids them sending thelr children to * Godless” schools. Does the Church also forbid their sending their children to * Godless” manu- factories to learn a teade, or ** Godless " med- ienl or law schools, whers there s no Bible- reading or other religlous exercises? 1If not, then the Chwoh is inconsistent. Thoe difference betweon the Jowish do- mand, which we have quoted above, and the Toman Catholic demand, is that tho former sect exact simply that there shall bo no de- nominational or dogmatic instructions in the public schools of any description, and nre satisfled therewith ; but the Roman Catholics first exnet that there shall be no Protestant Bible-reading, and then denounce the schools ns Godless, and demand a portion of the_ publie-achool fund with which to get up dogmatio schools of their own, or, in liou thereof, to e relensed from taxation for pub. lic schiool parposes. Wero this demand ac- ceded to, the Israclites might with equal pro- pricty make the same demand. ‘Then would come the Methodists, Episcopalinns, Baptists, Universalists, Unitarians, Quakers, Presby. teriane, and tho other sccts with similar de- wands, and the result would bo that the public school system—one of the traditional, cherished, and fandnmental institations of our conntry—would be wiped out. Dy n comparison of thess two positions, weo think it will bo admitted that the ultra Roman Catholics may yet learn something from the Jows, THE NEEDS OF THE NEGRO, Frepenrick DovoLass thinks tho black man s old enough and strong enongh to stand alone. Mo said so in his Fourth-of-July ora- tion nt Hillsdalo, nenr Washington, It wasa viry sensible speech. The negroes hove beon pauperized long enough, he said. Tho process has hurt them, The best thing that onn bo done for them now is no-thing. We have collceted subscriptions for them, have sont down o fow good and many bad men to lond them in tho political ways thoy should and should not walk, have pitied them and become maudlin over them, have dinned into their ears the fatal idea that they could not take care of themselves, and have thus made it impossible for suybody to take care of them, Mr. Dovarass speaks with some projudice, but tho truth rings through his words, Ho soys that lawyers without clients, ministers without church- es, and teachers without schools, have made themselves volunteer beggars for the Llacks, and have absorbed 99 conts out of every dollar thoy collectod. The Freedmnn's Sovings Bank came in, of courso, to point the moral. 'The palatinl residences of the men who managed it wore contrasted with the humble cabins of the men whose savings were stolen, Henceforth, said the orator, the negro must cut looso from these * wan- dering mendicants” who pretend to zepre- sent him and thon misropresent him as a pauper. Homust find a **Moszs,” if ho needs one, *in his own tribe.” 8o far as this advice tends to wholly sepa- rato the two races, it is wrong, weak, and wicked. The more ties there aro between them, the botter for tho negro. Tho mainte- nance of the color-line is, ms we have often ghown, an injary to the whole South, The iden! state of things will be reached when nothing is done on the color basis, when o man's worth as a workman or an official will depond upon the textura of his brain or the strength of his muscles, and not upon the color of his skin, It would be a serious mis- take for the negro to seclude limself from tho white and to thus deliborately cat loose from tho advantnges which superior educa- tion and suporior woealth bring with them. Ho objects to tho exclusiveness of Southern whites ; will he better bimself by tryingto practice the same exclusiveness himself. But o far as this advice means that the negro should help himsolf and no longer wait to be helped by others, should sever all but maoly ties between himself and his white neighbor, and should limit himeelf ta giving work for wages, wages for work, and friend- ship for friendship,—so far rs it means this, it is right snd timely. We have almost taught tho negro that beggary is the divinely- appointed way to get a church built or o school opened. TLis is o great mistake, The Southern blnck, endowed with the franchise, protected by law and inured to toil, can get olong well enongh if left to work out his own ealvation. Helping him' {0 do anything but learn to help himsolf would be mistaken kindoess. If we continue to trest himas a pauper, we shall inavitably make him a pau. por. “Hands off I" is the best policy to. wards him and for him. AXY ERLISH HATER OF THE NORTH, The London Stendard, the violent Tory organ of England, which a fow days ago made a_savage opalaught upan the United States in oonnection with the Bunker Hill Centennial, isat it again, this timo in con- nootion with Gen. Suxauax’s * Memoirs,” which it hns been reviewing. In tho course of its general remarks upon the War of the TRebelion this rabid hater of the United States BAYyS : ){n real glory can be allowsd to the conquerdre in a strife 30 satirely unfair in Its conditious that few Qovernments would baveengsged in it save under pulse of desperstion? No honoris gained by low exhauation of sixnithons of mon shut out from tho wurld by the repeated biows and lavish ex- penditure of & power whish Lad populatious of s buudred millions for ita recruiting feld, and com. manded all the military material that the civilized ‘world could provide, This is a view of the War of the Rebellion which has not ouly been takea'hy the Stand- ard, but by other Tery English papers, and ia oven to Lhis day entertained by that large olass of tho English people who were in uym® pathy with the slaveholding South. A few facts and figures, Lowever, will show how abeurd is this idea that the “South” was conquered by an enormous aud dispropor. tionate proponderance of population, At tho opening of the War in 1881 the population of the Bouth, by the ceuwus of 1860, num- bered 12,500,000, of which 4,000,000 were blacks and 8,500,000 whites. In certain spots of the Bouth, more par- ticularly along the border, there was a class of whites whose sympathiea wero with the North, and who gave the Bouth no voluntary material asalstance. They pos- sibly numbered three-fourths of a million, Deducting these from the white population leaves 7,750,000 hostile robels. To this num. ber mus bo added another element of im. mense atrength, OFf the, 4,000,000 of blacks in the Bouth there was a general average of at least 8,250,000 who, in the capacity of farmers, feld hands, and laborers of every description in towns aa well as country, sup- ported the whites in tho fleld and supplisd them with the necessaries of life oa well as with much of the material of war, Had the entire population of the South been white, & number of men equal o the blacks . would bave had to be kept at home for the suppart of the army, consequently the black populs- tion must be addsd in to the xeal strength of the South and of the army, thus incronsing its resisting force tothat of a population of not less than 11,000,000 What was the force.of the North? The population at the outbrenk of the War was 18,300,000. To this should be added the 760,000 white Boutlern sympnthizors with tho North, and the ndditional assistance of the 750,000 Bouthern blacks who nided the North, At the outset of the War, and until tho ond of tho second year, the alaves affond- ed the North but comparatively littlo assist- ance. But we make n largo allownnce when wo placo the loss of the labor of slaves to the Kouth atnan averago of threc.quartersof o million of population, Collecting theso figures together it makes 20,000,000 na tho strength of the North, From this total, howavor, o very important elemont must be deducted —that of the Northern * Copperhends.” They were nctive allies of the South, They kept up a fire in tho rear. They opposed and resisted the conseriptions. Thoy refused to volunteer to fight. They excited riots in the large clties. Thoy predicted disaster and ultimnte defent and failure, and ot last grots so bold nnd daring s to make active resist. anca, requiring large forces to be kept in New York City, in Southern Indinna, and elsowhero, to overawe this disloyal cloment and hold it in check. At a very small estimato there were 2,000,000 of these nctivo Copperhends, and it is moroc than likely the¥o were 3,000,000; but, calling it tae former figure, the Northern invading force was reduced to 18,000,000 against tho South. ern resisting force of 11,000,000, or, odding in the Copperheads, 13,000,000 as the force to be overcome, To invade such a country aa the South, occupied by a most warlike race, necessarily roquired a great preponderance of attacking force. The Bonth fought on interior lines and was at home smong friends, The North fought on oxtorior lines and was away from home smong aoctive enomies. The North wasin a strange and unhealtby climato and among a savagely hostile population. It had to garrison every placo that was taken, bhod to guard all the railroads, and establish and protect new and changing dopots of supplies. It had lo make roads and build bridges to oross the streams. It had to traverso swamps, jungles, and' mo- rasses, and travel roads which wero almost impassable, It had to scale high mountains, ponotrate difficult passcs and thick forosts, and travel cnormous distances. The country to bo conquered was as Iarge as ten Great Dritains, and almost as large as Russia, and quite ns inaccessible and impenstrable. Tho whole whits force of able-bodied mon in the South went into the War, as the labor of thoslaves provided them with food and supported their families at home. It lad long been o proverb that s Southerner was born with a rifle in his hands, They weroe all marksmen and bunters. They were coura. geous, desperato men, brave evon to rackless- ness. 'Tho Southern women entered into the war-fceling ns eagorly as the men, and clung to slavery moro tenaciously than thoe males, and spurred them on and kept thom up to their bloody work., No people on earth ever fought harder than the Southerners, and no other people of equal strength with tho North could have conquored them. The Standard soys the North had a popu- lation of a hundred millions for its recruiting field. Wo have shown that its reorniting fleld was limited ta a population of less than twenty millions. But it may menn thatEuro- peans sorved in the Northern arny, which is true, but they wero citizens and residents of the North when they voluntecred. The army rolls show that 78 per cent of all the men who sorved in the Paderal ranks were natives of this country Aliens were not subjected to consaription, and the North had no recruiting stations in foreign countries. The Standard overlooks and ignores the enormous ossistance which the English ren- dored the Bouth in supplying the Robels with arme, powder, munitions, clothing, and war material. The immense expense aitend. ing the construction of 00 war steamcrs to blockads the Southern ports, and to equip, map, aod mnintein this vast fleet, was coused by the efforts of * neutral Britain" to supply the Rebels from the gea with munitions and merchandise, The North, therefors, had not only to penerate the fastnesses of the Bouth and overcome all resistance, but to guard against the offorts of Great Britain to aid and asslst the Rebels. No people on enrth evor fought another under greater disadvantages than the North did the South, and no nation ever mct a more desperate reslstance or won o more complote success. To this the Bouth itself bears testimony. The London Standard should take some other form of showing its hatred of the North, and not let ita animosity and virulenoce blind its eyes to the simplo facts in the cnse. THE PUBLISHERS VS, THE PEOPLE, Axn association of American publishers was formed last year at o meeting at Put-in-Bay, Its object was announced to be the protec- tion of the trade. A schedule of rates, dis. counts, etc,, was adopted. Bome trouble ensued, because a few firms daclined to ratily the ngreement, but an understanding was finally arrived at, and a sacond meeting, ap- parently unouimous in wontiment, haa just bean Liold at Niagara Falls, Tho reports of its proceedings scem to show that a grave mistako has boen made, Tho publishers and booksellers, especially the former, have act. ed, perhaps natarally, with too much rogard for thelr own Interests and too littls for those of the public. They have tried to make koowledgs as costly as posaible. No one disputes the right of tho members of the Association to fix prices for themselves, but they have passed cortain resolutions which can only be interpreted s an attempt to scare outsidera into selling books, not &t a fair profit, butat whatever rates, however extortionate, the Association may choose to flx, This s tak- ing the worst leat out of the book of trado- unioniem, The partioular resclution to which we refer ls cautiously worded, but the only reasonable interpretation of it weems to be that the leading publishers will not sell their books to doalers who retail them below the advertised rates, This is a wholly unwar- rantable interferonce with trade. It is flat tervorism. It adopta the protective polioy of looking at business exclusively from the narrow standpoint of the produver, and leav- ing the long-uffering consumer to get along a3 best he can. The hod.carriers of Manches- ter refuse to let & builder employ » man who carries more than a ocer. tain small number of bricks at each trip up the ladder. They refuse, that is, to allow a strong man to take advantsge of hiv strength and sell & fair day's work for fair pay. The sbleat ohampion of trade-union. ism, Mr. W, T, Taonnzox, strongly condemns this arrant folly, Whereindoss it differ from the conduct of Amerioan publishers Fhea they say that a bookseller shall not give Lis customers the full value of thelr money? Gontlemon of the book trade: when you sell a rotailer & book for a dollar, what busi- ness s it of yours if ho sells it at $1.10 in. stend of the $1.50 which you ask of your in- dividual customors? If lie can 1nake a living profit at these terms, you have no right to say that the publio shall not reap this advane tage. It is most emphatically none of your business. Intormeddling in other peoplo’s affairs does not pay in the long run, ‘Wo should Lo sorry to do any injastice to Amariean publishers, If their actions do not menn what they acem to incan, our columns are open for any cxplanation, We may add that explanation is needed. It seems to be gonerally understood that tha Mayor will nominate to the Council Mr. Gronoe L. Dunrar as City Marshial, and that Hicrey will be Superintendent of tho forco under Donrap. Thoso who have watched Mr, Corvin's ways will not rely upon anything uutil it is actually done, but this now scems the most likely thing to bappen, since Runa is clearly incligible ns n mon.rosident under the charter of 1872, The programmo is bet. tor than we had expocted. Mr. Duxrar bas for many years occupiod o good social posi- tion in Chicago, and formerly had the repu- tation of being an eflicient exocutive officer in the railrond business. Ile ia o man who cer- tainly ought to be in sympathy with good government, and if he is to have the placo and brings to it the samo qualitics which he exhibited in the superintendenco of the Northwestorn Railway some years ogo, he will have an opportunity to do himsolf gront credit ond render the public the most valua- blo service. Wo would suggest to him, or to whomsoover tho office comes, that one of the principle causes of tho present demorali- zation of the police forco is a fondness for whisly—in short, dronkenncss—which has become very common among tha patrolmen, The police have had bad examples in this re- spect in high places, and have naturally imi- tated them; there has been no punishment or at most sham punishment in the force for this worst of all vices among policemen, and 1t has increased ot a rapid rate. One of the best things, therefore, that Mr, DuNtarp, or any other person in the offica of tho City Marshal, can do, is to encourage sobrioty by precept and example ; and, having done this, to punish every breach of the rulo by prompt dismissal. The people expect n thorough reform in the management of the police force by this change, and the most encrgotic prosecution of thieves, confidence- men, gamblers, rowdics, and vagrants, wlo infest tho city, If Mr, Dunrar is to Lave the control, he should fully spprecinte this sen. timent and meet it thoroughly. Some time sinco we printed an anonymous communication from somobody who sigbed it “Redemption.” Biuce thou ho has beon writing ather letters, comglaining that be was misrepre- eonted by Tue Taisunx. He says, in the last one: On the 1st inst. you published an articls from me, in which I gave a plan that would Lave tiat desirable reault ; wnd, in o long comment un it, you wholly mis- stated ‘my position, 1 wrnte you sgain, asking you lo correct sour atatement, which you Lave no: yet done. You ropiesent ma as wishing' * tiis money (o Le ro- deemed n bonds or gold, not on demand, but at tha loasure of the Government,” I tulnk no ‘persou un- erytuuiliog English could give such an inlerpretation to my wrillsg, 1 did not proposs that tho Govern- went siould Lave the option 10 radeom oT 10 not re- dosu. 'Tals option would amount to no redemption, Very well. Now hore ia what ** Redemption " @id sny fn that published communication ¢ They wish greenbacks to bo the onl r-money. They oian this papar-zaoney €0 he redsoined 1 bongi o guld, st (ne option of the Government,~—ihe tonds to draw aueh fukateat that twey whl Te squal to o rodoemable for bouds or gold, at the aption of the Government, because, were this option wath the halders of the pap they, in tinie of o pai o wame tLnis, which 1t would e impossible for theiw to get, “Roedemption " will pleass bother us with no more of his petalant deniuls of his o#n prioted declarations, as they will go into the waste- basket. P SR THE UNIVERSITY OP OHIOAGO. » ‘Wo are glad {o know that thers is 2n agitation spriuging up 1 the Univorsity of Chicago fora complete revolution In {ts conrso of atudy. Tle following letter to its Chsncellor comes from s gentleman connected with the Faculty of that institution, and definos a baais of action which, 1t adopted, wonld biiogamoral and fluancial wapport to bear in ita favor which it can never obtsin while it remains curspd by its present wedieval and fossil conrsa of studv. No mere pereonal iseuc sa to who is Prosident is of any consequence compared with the great question, Does he favor a usefal, modern, and wise course of study, or the contrary? The following ia the lotter: Omoxao, July 17, 1876,—~The Rev, Dr. J. C, Bur- roughs, Chancellor, ete,~Dran 81z Will you permit ma to assums {hat, inall wise goveruments, thuse of schools of learning included, ggestions from wnb. ordinates are slways in order, and therefors tosug- geat 2a followu ¢ g Create in tho University twa new fchools, or Cole leges,—oue of Applied Sctencs, and one of the Com- mereiul Arts, The great present industries of the West are tilling the soll, ralaing Live-stock, and growing fruit ; aurvey- ing, opening, and conveying lands; and bufiding bouser, viidges, ralroads, and vessels, The fulure great industries of Lllinols, owing to ita immense coal~ depouits and central josition, will protally Lo (hs manufacture of cotton, wocleus, and fron snd ateel, Tho Bohool of Applied Beienos, therefors, should teach the simpler and more practical msthematics sa applied 1n Land-surveying, map-drawing, and every- day architecturo, Given s bullding, bridgs, or tunnel, ita dimenalons, maferials, ana style, the graduate should be able to estimats ita cost znd superiutend its conatruction, In the same Bchool Jot Chemlstry bo taught, not s0 much in s subtler mysteries, as in its application to ths manufactuse of drugs, {uks, paints, dyes, soaps, olls, fabrics, paper, glass, leather, the amelting of ores and working them inlo metals, the chemlstry of food aud of poisans, also that of solls and ation, Let Botany bo taught, not o much fu slaborste classifications of the flors, as u itatelation ta fopment snd differsntiation of varlelles and spocies by oultivation, Let Physiology, human and comparative, ba taught, so that a graduate from the Univeruily chall ba likely to know the difference be- tweon spavin snd bots in s Lorse, withoul teiug obliged to learn it trom an hostler, The Univarsity of Chicago, by its present course of study, narrowa its mission 1nto that of & mere prolime. inary training school for minlsters, Without sotually fitling & young man for (he mivistry, it unfits him Ppreity neatly for anything else ; and, if b escapes the Fulyit, 1 18 only o enter Medlcine or the Law,—all tiree of which professions are practically parasitic, fesding upon the grest industriss that sostain the world, which are Agriculture, Mauufactures, and Commorce. ¥or thess three, in sll their branches, s knowledge of Qreek, Latin, aud sbatract mathemastics, not only do not #t, but thuy very posliively unft, suy youog man, Thelr meuntal discipline, 0 called, is & discipline n the art of learning useless knowledgs, and In the hablt of being puffed op by itintos con- tempt of peopis Who possess practical kmowledge of fur more valus, A Creek-fed young mman csn ouly avold contempt, and the humillation of everywhers be- ginning the rsoceof Life at the Lottom, by golng into the ministry, If the period of education for Americsn young men were during Ufe as it is with the Eoglsh nobility, ibea We might imitals the broad foundatton which Oxford, Cambridge, sud Ktom lay for thelr young sclous of mobllity, wbo are to grow up luto Dxaszs 60d DissAxLs, learned I evwything, But, for our American youth, it {s 8 perpatusl layiog of ‘road foundations, rendered useless by belug never bullt upoo. ‘The Behoo! of Oommarcist Arts should teach Arithe metle, Poumsushlp, Boukkesping, Ovuveysaciog, Commercisl Law, Bborthand, Type-Betting, Teleg- rephy, Germian, French, aud Correspoudsnce. pestrns ia 30, o oL o tasars % get Abundance of tesebers stand ready 10 tadel whatever 18 useless, aluos sois lways ave duped inio laralng 14, nnd, baving learned 1t, 010 mako no other uss of 14 Ahan to toach §t to othern ad nlmtum : ae the Anje who il & <ollar to keo & horss stanling 1o bis stail *with s hosd whers bls tatl ought fo be,” stocd ready 1o e2rn Lia doilar hack by taking the gite money {from olbers who were curious {0 aco that the marvel Implied a mera chango of attitudo, and not & maifors mation, Themasters of & practicsl art, however, bo ft Oratory, Architocture, or what not, can, an & rule, minke moro money by practicing than by teaching it Yot, by patient and gridual development, proper terchers would appear, and st very reasonalle rates, ‘Tha ndoptlon of (hla system, and Ita skilitul admin. fateatton, would bring & thowrand students into the Unliversity in tive years, and render it self-suatalning almo-t from thoatart, The Univorelty would noionger be competing with Yala and Harvird, sxcept la ite classlcal departments to which I wouid devote s slisre. of the funds bearing tha samno ratio to total expendi« turs an the number of mintsters needed In our conn= try oars lo tue number of educated mon needed in otber pursuils, It would occury an independoni fieil, supplying education of & kind responaive to the necds an well as tise doxires of our pooplo, West and Emt, The Dryant Commerelal College of Cllcsgo, which alma only to mako s man an_scconntant, resps net income of $27,00 & year,—about the sum the Uulversity of Clicago siuks evory year in trying to forco tho people to buy an articls of learning which they do mot waut. It fa utterly valn to say that the poopte do nat want what ihey oughtto, or that ‘Commercial Colleges are suporficial, Al men are apt. to know moro thsn one mau. Thelr continued auccess Lias been won Ly walisfylng their students of tholr morit, You wiil, T trust, pardon me for speaking une qualifiedly on potnts in which rositivences may tmply cgotiem, T koow judiclslly thero sre two sides to sll quostions, The losing sida (pocuniarily) has been tried. I profoundly respoct the nobility of the motives nud the disinteresteduces and zesl with which the faik ing oxperiment has been purcued, I Xnow that many otlinr colleges ara conductod on muich the same princls ples, and starve {n the same degros. For that very roason ahould we wilbdraw from further competition with thom, In place of this poticy of herafo self-sacrie fieo in tha Jaudsble task of hearing the market with ministers, lot us now Legin to teach all knowlsdgos, bex gloning with the moat practical, Yours very reapect. fully, —_——— —, Tur TRIDUNE has for twolve ysars sought to influeace all collogos, aud this at Chicago in para ticular, 1o favor of a mors praatieal eystem of instruction, Wae have no faith in tho succoss of any Prosideut or Faculty who does not tend in this diroction. Wo boliavo Dr. Moss i8 & pretty 1uflexibla adheront of the modioval syatem, and tbat what there was of wcientitlo instraction whon lio carme has boen protty noarly eliminated. Chancelior Buntnouais has boan tardy in presse iug plans for & moro modora uystem of edusa- tion to thelr completa result ; but he haa atleast tho merit of favoring them. Thosnccees of the great Polytechnic Schoola of Gormany and of Cornell and our own State institution at Urbane, aod tho introduction of Schools of Applied Sclouco and Practical Arts iu the Urfiversitien st Buslon, 8yracuse, South Bond, and elsawhors, are but tho indication of arisiog tide in the pop. ular domand for knowlodge, instead of mers words. The University-mavagors who rise with this tide will float apon {t. Thoso who refuso to rise ] be submerged, S DEMOCRATIO CHANOLS IN OHIO, Tho Cincinnati Commercial is not improssed with tho prospects of & Demooratlo wictory in Oliu this fall. It gives variona roasons for tuinking that the Hepablicans will win the fight. ALLEX wog elected two yoars ago by less than s thousand majority, undor a very exceptionsl stato of faots, whioh do not now exist, viz.; Thio aypearance of (ho anclont ALLX in the came pelen bad conuiderabl iotusuce, 1o was sccejted y bis party a8 & phenomenon«ad a prodigy, sud siouscd' 1 hie partisans an sutbusioam (b which thoy Lisd fong been strangors, 1iie vuica was like & trampot cult to urms, Ho was une of the vencrabls men who bad curo down 1o us from & former generation. Aftar & retiremsut fcr a generation there wus something ro- mante aud caplivating {0 Lis roturn, His stately figure and suowy liead, Lis powerful lungs, and the are dor with which ho enferod the campalgr, drow swey attention from thy essential weakmesa of Lis harangucs snd tho tokens in mind and body of the decay of focule tien, Tle wan n naw force in the campaiyn, and suoe coodod when any other candidata would have taiied, Tue JAT Cookx bankrupicy cams Just {n time to strike the Republicans hatdeat ut tbo efection of 1874, and It ihiero was & Lime whon the GRANT Adwinistration may bo said tohsvo toucued toitom, it was just thed, Now wo must co-sider the chunges tn two years that Lisve impoved the Republlosn ciauces, and'we un- Lar aud revord ther aa they vocnr to us : 1, The GnaxT Administration hes been {mproved ix ton and chrracter by tae Cabiuet changen that intro duce PISHREPONT, JRWELL, aud DRsow, i ‘Tus Ropublidan ciuditate for Governor fa not # candidste for the Sanats, and Me, Dslaxols out of barae way, o Liberal party hina beon resotved into its origy {nal political elements, and atleast two-thirds of the ten thoussnd who voled for Contims will vote for Haxxa. 4. 'Thie Prohibitory party (s reduced fn proportions. Tt will make n #how, but Dot A% I4Fgo &% tWO yoars ago, and the mejority of those Who voted for BTawaRE will o for Laxes, 'he effocts of thu panic of 1373 have not passed awsy, but the pooplo have been educated in Aasnclsl matters, and they Lave beso taught, we think, to the int of couviction that the Democratia currsncy dwo ration menue o establiah the conditions of further trouvlo and loss, 0, Tuo Gormans are wall grounded in matters of fiuance. ‘Liiey know that the Dumocratic monsy doo- trine as proclaimed fn Ohlo fs at war with senw and tuman expericice, and those wbo have in other yoars abandonud the lepullicun fur the Democratie camup on accouut of the Depotiem, losferlam, aud carse lesasiosn of princlploin the Nitional Adwluisirstion, will find thelr way 1o thelr old quarters in Rreat mum= 7, 7, Thors are thousauds of old-fashioned Damocrats who nuight, for the sxke of the party, bavo put up with a eqnivo:al platform, Lut & positive infation progremmie they aiow fo Lo mischievous in tho lass dogroe, and they will qufetly pormit the party to sut- fer defeat, as tho chespeat miolbod of redeaming i sinaton which, fized upon it, would Le deadlye Dowmucracy tivo yeirs ago ‘enjoyed, without nolee o ceremony, almost the soild Cathiolic vote—or all 1Liat the Cathorto Tetegranh could promise in retura fur the Gronax law, Now ths party must take tue isndvaniagos slong with the advantagos of that vot and tho no-Popery ery will briug out votes throughoul tue country, 9, ALLER hies ceaod to bo o portent, Tho peopld bear bis loudeat shonts and lowest whispers without etotion, 1o dood not exert & muguetio tnfluence tha! is spprociable. The conclusion of tho whote matter is, thatthe ancient ALLEs and bis shinplaster tioket will bi badly beaton this fall. RAILROAD NEWS. AT M'GREGOR, IA. Spretal Correspaudence of The Unicaga Tridune, McGuxaus, s, July 17.—Ine Chicago, ik waukeo & St. Pxul Railroad Company ars buiy at work on the extension of ita rcad from it prosent terminns to within tho city limnits, Whea ih(u sxtegalon 14 completed, idoGregor's rallcosd fucilities will be gioatly intresuud, and-the id- provement will be of waterixl vaiuo to this towa aud vicinity, At prosent two passenger trains—one on the above-mentioned road, and one on the Chicago, Dabugoe & Minnesots Railrosd—leave bore fof Chicago In the eveuing, withiu baif an Lour of each uther, with aloeplni-coachies attached. sr- riving lu Chieago in the morolog. This arrange ment kv a souvouleuce that thisxection Las novce been favored wit before. It will certainly lue crenae travel over both lines, and bo of {nostims- ble value to the travoling publio genorally. M'CHIGAN & OHIO RAILROAD, Hpteelud Corverpundence of Lha Chicago Tribume. 3 COranp Haves, Mick., July 17,—After a Jong abgsuco, the oticorw of tho Michigen & Ouiv Rallroad have sysinmade their appearance aitl s Lew wst of propostions to our citizena o the continusoce :i thfiu hb*lfimgu of x!:l:_ very lmporiant ro: wl o 0 elsl odl’n Ihlgo county, but tho further bullding of which was doiayed forlack of funas agg & wai® {og falth in its managewment, Tho proposirious aro looked upon favorably by our citizens, snd if the presout mistrust csn be removed, thef will be acospted A RAILROAD RACE, Brectat Dispatch to The Chicano Tridund, Des Motxzs, Ia., July 18,~Tle Rock Te'snd Company hss decided to bring Its Bigowuey Bisnch to Des Molnes 'by the shortes: route from Oskaloosa. ‘fhore will be a Hyely rac® with the Chicago, Buzlington & Quincy to make tulsaity, - 2 —— OBITUARY. Bpacial Dirputeh lo The Chicage Triduns. Brooxtyaron, July 18.—Enoch Gastmsn, 82 0ld esttler, died st bis home in Hudeon Tovn- ship this mosolog, sgod 74 e waa tho father of Pooch A, QGustmsn, of Desatur, Bupent® “nd‘:‘ 024 bumlth to The Chi Tribune, fpecay ' 6G00 une, Sourn Bewo, Ind,, July 18.—DBeujawin Co- willard, who, with several brothers, rom Lowar Cunu ut_fortv-ve died laut nixkt. sged ‘They wer earliost white settlcts heis, sud Indian traders. They did 1much to develop the ocountry, and the wem- bers of the faily, from thas time (0 ihie pres enl, have besn awdug the most selive of out bastness biow. came bere 850