Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 4, 1875, Page 4

THE “CHICAGO ™ TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, JULY. 4, 1875.—SIXTEEN PAGES. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. *RATEE OF SURSCRIPTION (PATABLE I¥ ADVARCE). Postage I'repaid at this Offics. -$13.00 | Weeklr. 1 1.85 T T i 138 Ten copiss, 1400 Panaof ayearat the eame rate. ‘WAXTED—Uue active agont in eack town and village. Special arrangements made with such. Bpecimen copies sant free. Toprevent delay and mistakes, bo sure and give Post- Office address in full, including Stats xad County. Romi. tancesmay bemade eitherby draft, expross, Post- Cfice order, or in registered letiers, at cor risk. TZRUE TO CITY SUBGCRIBERS. Dally, delivared, Suncay excepicd, 23 cents perweok. Dally, Celivered, Sanday Jacladed, 30 oents per week. Acdress ‘TR TRIBUNE COMPAKY, Corne: Madison aud Dearbor: Chloago, TO-DAT. ADFLPHI THEATRE—Dearborn street, curner™Men- foe. Vaslety eniertainment. ACADEMY OF MUSIC—Halsted street, betwsen M ans Uoame Aficrmoon, - Undle Tom's Cabia.™ Evening, Wi > ., Goorge 10 omsow. HOOLEY'S THEATRE—itanaoinh strest, barween Qark and LaSalle. Engagement of the Union Square Gompany. **The Twa Gresane 'V, R'S THEATRF—Madison streot, between &l ‘u“:nd Sw-s‘.“ Engagement fl“ the Haverly's Minetrels. ADELPETTHEATRE~Dearborn strest, corner Mon- roe. Vartety Entortainment. ACADFMY OF MUSIC—Halstod stroet, hatwasn Mad- ‘George Washington.™ an roe. Afternann, Evening, ** The Day» of "i6." SBOCIETY MEETINGS. YTANR LAER GRAND LODGR OF PERFEC- A Tae i e s Sl Amencl ot Gontoariad Hall. 2 Monroo-st., on 1 huraday evening next. Work o th and bth Dregroes. All candidates wio have recalved notice of ihelr election are roquested to be prosent. By ‘arder of B, P HALL T B G Mt E. A. GOODALE, Gr. Sec's. X0. B, A, F. & A M—A o LD Tt Sl o Toridey Svono, ‘clock starp, nic Tompie. oo 3 B o e ro” wotiiod oo W M. B o LUNDRURG, Asting Secrotars. TTENTION SIR KNIGHTS!—Stated Gonclave of g:?:ugu Commsaery, NovI BTy Mondss evening, L e ke Sl = G2 TITANS, Bocorcer. 3 RGR'S BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION— o2 Gpm\;‘gm:b mecting will not b hold o Mlanday evening, July 6 but Monday, July 18, 16 The Chitags Titbune, Sunday Morntng, July 4, 1875. Yankee ingenuity has never been equal to the manufacture of fire-crackers, which are still imported exclusively from China and Japan ; but we can make enough little boys angd girls to blow off 300,000 boxes of them this year. One hundred thousand more boxes have been imported this year than last, the increase doubtless being caused by the Cen- tennial fervor, as well as by the ordinary ad- ditions to the juvenile population, The Council having passed a somewhat smbiguous resolution relative to the use of fire-arms and fireworks to-morrow, when the Fourth is to" be celebrated by the public offices, banks, and small boys, we hope that it will be construed in the strictest manner possible, and that accident and fire may be sverted by the police. This can be done by enforcing the prohibition of the firing of crackers, pistols, eto., in the streets, and forcing the enthusiastic celebrants into the parks and public places. The Board of Po- lice and Superinterdent Remx should bary the hatchet for one day and join in the effort 1o save life and property. The E'tening Journal is to be congratnlated upon a vovel and exceptional distinction. Its issus of last evening did mot contain Brrca. 23's name in the telegraph columns, and, if the subject had been avoided editorially, bis name would not have been printed‘in the en- tire pape?. We venture that this is the first e within & year that any newspaper has been printed on this side of the Atlantic with Brrcars's name left oat of the dispatches. Itisa bright promise of a respite in this Breomrn business, which will be received with pleasure, we fancy, by all classes of so- ciety, — Beecherites, Tiltonites, and neu- trala. We are trying to work up to the same degree of self-deninl, and in time hope to saoceed. The first victory in the contest over the charter election was won yesterday by the counsel for the citizens. Judge Boor: sus- tained their demurrers to the plens in the gquo isarranto suit, and counsel for the City- Hall crowd ssked and obtained leave to amend. The case will come up again mert Thursdsy.. It s in the interest of all parties, sud perticularly in the interest of the taxr. peyers and citizens, that theso proceedings be pushed as rapidly as possible, in order to ob- tain 8 final decision from the Supreme Court before the time for holding the city election in the fall. Until such decision shall be ob- tained the present complications in the City Government will grow worse, and the pres- ent city officials will not know whether they are afoot or horseback. — The snnouncement from Boston that the Governor and Council have decided not to commute the sentence of Poeroy, the boy- murderer, will be received with very general satisfaction. His executionwill rid theworld ©f ons of the worst monsters it has ever pro- duced. It is probable there may be s few mandlin sentimentalists who will whine over the execution of this fiend, but the whole community of Boston will breathe freer when it is certain that ho is put out of the way, and that human life is safe from his murder- ous freaks ; aond the whols country will rec- Ognizo in this retribution even-handed and exact justice. Whether accountable for his Borrible crimes or not, he was na dangerous a3 s wild beast, and like the wild beast should Dentls e BT A dsy or two since we recorded the fact {hat geveral hundred thousand watermelons ‘were an their way hither from Florida. Now it appears that we are likely to be deluged with peaches, notwithstanding the bad re- ports from Michigan, Ohio, and other peach. growing Statez The crop at the East is the largest ever known. At & recent meeting of the peach-growers of Maryland and Dela- ware, the surplus was estimated at Zen million baskets, with New Jersey not heard from. «Bix million baskets ave expected to B0 to New York from Maryland slone. The railroads bave generously come to the relief of the Teach-growers, and have promised to redncs rates to Boston, Albany, and Pittsburg. This ought to stir up our pesch-dealers to get their share of this delicions fruit. Chesp, rips peaches this summer will bs a blessing $0 the health of the city, and msay offset the borrors on their way from Florida in the shape of watermelons. — The Paris correspondent of the London T¥mea gives some interesting facts connected with the recent punishment by the French courts of parties engaged in making so-called spirit-photographs. It sppears that a photog- faphber fn.the Rne Montmartre, named Hu- ouxz, endartook o fernish spldit-pholographs, the spirits sometimes being taken separately aod sometimes by the side of the cus- tomer. The police, getting wind of the affair, visited the photographer, who made a full confession and produced a draped doll, which figured ss the body of the spirit, and also a large assortment of heads, which were fired upon the doll to suit the necessary ‘ge and sex. Hucuer was condemned to 500 francs fine and twelve months’ imprisonment. Lrraante, a con- federate, who had been detected at one time personating a spirit, was subjected to a simi- Iar fine, and Framay, an American, was fined 300 francs and six months’ imprisonment. A carious feature of the affair is that several witnesses, notwithstanding the confession and production of the machinery, insisted that they had had genuine spirit-photographs. The degree of gulibility thus displayed is almost incomprehensible. RINETY.NINE FOURTHS. Thers have been really one hundred of them,—the original Fourth and ninety-nine cheap imitations. Ninety-nine times has the American eagle shrieked and the American ‘orator roared. Ninety-nine times have we indulged in vocal pyrotechnics and Chinese firecrackers. Ninety-nine successive years have we set aside one whole day for killing small boys, putting out eyes, rending lLimbs, scaring horses, burning houses, and otherwise providing disaster, dismay, and disgust, as o glorifieation and symbol of the American idea of freedom. Thers must be one more of them,—there is no escaping that,—which, being the Centennial, will probably concen- trate the miserics anl absurdities of a hundred into one. After the cumulative fashion of one of Giuaone's Jubilees, there might be & hundred gentlemen appointed to read the Declaration of Independence in con- cert, a hundred cannon to fire a hundred salutes, a hundred ministers fo make the opening prayer, a hundred orators to deliver the same old speech, and s hondred packages of fire-crackers set off at once asa grand bene- diction and finale. But, if we shall survive the hundredth repetition of unlimited license and folly, cannot some other and mors sen- sible celebration of the anniversary of Ameri- can independence - be invented? Can’t we dispense with the crackers, and rockets, and pistols, and cannon, and gimeracks, and the whizz and bang of the traditional Fourth ? What is it we celebrate, after all? The character of the celebration comes down from 4 dsy when the American heart fired anew at the suggestion of a red-coat, and when the flint-locks saved, over from ZLexington and Bunker Hill were brought out naturally upon the recurrence of the day when the Ameri- cans formally foreswore their allegiance to King Geozor, and started out to attain & new nationality. But every year has removed ns further and further from the sentiments of those days. Time has at least eliminated the bitterness from the reciprocal antagonism be- tween the British and Americans ; the sym- bols ought likewise tosbe thrown aside. It is time to sbandon the childish types of an animosity that dates from onr youth, The number of people in this country of native birth who cherish® & tra- ditional hatred of Great Britain is very limited. We are attaining edolescenca in our nationnl growth. We have more serious matters, and have gone through more trying experiénces, than at the time the Fourth-of. July pistol and fire-cracker had a special sig- nificance. We have had scrious internal strife, political and warlike. We have grown in territory, population, invention, wealth, luxury, with n progress without "parallel or precedent. This growth ought to have ob- literated the petty and puerile spite that our present mode of celebrating the mational soniversary inevitably suggests. We be. Lieve that it has dome so, and it only Temains to change the form. After the next Fourth, when we shall recall and celebrate the growth of the nation’ and its wonderful sccomphshments, will it not be in order thenceforth rather to investigate than glorify, rather to mediate than cele- brate? Wil it not be well to put off the old form of resentment to Great Britain, and cul- tivate closer affiliation ? We started shundred years ago with English civilization, and we adapted it pretty closely to tlie Greek model of a Republic. It was & curi ous and dangerous experiment. . We have succeeded to s degree, but we should not deceive ourselveswith the delusion of a perfect and permanent success, wherein ‘we have at once advanced pars passu with the Mother Country in civilization and stability, and passed her in democracy and freedom. Great Britain has made immense strides in both. With the exception of the American idea of universal suffrage, which carries with it the idea of political and social license, the freedom of British institutions is so broad that we may well inquire whether per- sonal rights, and secarity of property, and administration of justice, are not as soundly based in Great Britain es in America, After we shall have completed our centensry we must hold ourselves to a more strict se- count for our civil, political, and moral con. dition than when we were sowing the wild oats of our youth, The snniversary of our national birth will then have something of the maturity, soberness, retrospection, and introspection of the man who begins to count the gray hairs, and the woman who can no longer disguise the wrinkles, and who look back over life to sum up and bal- ance the good and the evil, the pleasures and pains, the profitable and unprofitable dis- position of time, the successes and. errors, of 8 career. Official morality, political rectitude, and commercinl integrity, are the themes that should henceforth occupy the anniversery thoughts of the nation, We should take more into account the accumulating dangers of a democracy that rests upon universal sof. frage, unlimited as to numbers dnd unquali- fied as to education or possessions. A repub- lic cannot bear up under corruption as well as a monarchy. The diffusion of power and the clashing of interests, the spirit of party- ism, the rule of caucus, the influence of dem. agogues, the greed for political power and office, and the misuse of both,—all com. bine to the increase rither than the suppression of corruption, Whether politi- cal or commurcial. We have already begun to suffer serioualy in our reputation abrond, Mr. Scaurz, the other day in London, was almost forced into 8 defense of the nation becsuse of the impression which has bean left by the exposures of Ppublic corruption and corporate frauds in this country. There i8 1o other way to correct public morals than to begin with exposures which hurt our good name elsewhere and bring our system into disrepute. But exposures are not enough, —they must bo followed with ‘punishment ond ‘succeeded by reform. The London Standavd, the organ of the English Torisa, and the mouthpiece of the descendants of King Grozox and the oligarchy we fooghta hmdrad]umnp,lmwvouml;upm but not punish or reform, on account of our system, with universal suffrage fora corner- stone. This is the impression of monarchists everywhere, and of a large proportion of what may be called constitutionalists. It is for the Republicans of America to demonstrate the’ contrary, and render the ideal Government practical by an improved civil service, higher: political aims, purity in public life, honesty in commercial circles, and steadfastness of purpose everywhere. Let the Fourth-of-July celebrations after the Centennial turn upon some such thoughts as these rather than an ef- fete and tiresome display of an ancient and almost-forgotten feud with o pig-headed oli- garchy that is now nearly extinct even in Great Britain. THE CHARTER OF 1872, The Mayor and the Common Council, and the various counsel, oilicial and unofficials insist that the charter of 1872 is in fall force and operation, and that, therefore, the Board of Fire and Police is no longer in existence, and is now practically legally superseded by the ordinance creating the office of City Mar- shal and Fire Marshal. If this theory that' the charter is now in force be correct, then there are many other things that are changed, altered, or abolished. 1. The Common Council as at present con- stituted is legislated out of office, and the present ward boundaries abolished; the char- ter reduces the number of Aldermen from 40 to 86, and the number of wards from 20 to 18. 2, Sec. 111 provides’ that the City Council may mssess and collect taxes for corporate purposes by ascertaining, on or before the second Monday in August, the total amount of appropriations for all corporate purposes and to be collected by tax-levy, and, by “ordi- nance, levy and assess such amount so ascer- tained upon the real and personal property within the city subject to taxation, as the same is assessed for State and county pur- poses for the. current year.” A copy of such ordinence shall be certified to the County Clerk, who shall proceed as directed by the General Revenue law ot the State. This sec- tion excludes all other mode of collecting and levying city taxea. If the charter of 1872 be adopted, it, in the language of the Supreme Court, excludes all tax.levying or collecting by any other plan or under any other law. 8. This section legislates the City Assessor and Tax Commissioner out of office. 4. If the charter of 1872 be in force, it abolishes the Board of Public Works It abolishes, also, the Board of Health and the Board of Education, and authorizes the Com- mon Council to create other offices in their places. -° If, therefore, the Police Board be abolished, 1et it go, but let us get rid also, and at the same time, of all the other Boards, and let us bave the new offices created and the mew officers appointed. If the charter is in forcd at all, let it be put in force generally, and not by piccemeal. Let us get rid of thoss sturdy tax-eating departments, the Tax Commission- ership end the City Assessorship, But the Common Council have refused to abolish these various other Boards. It has re- fused to recognize so much of the charter as requires the city tax to be collected under the general law of the State. It has voted the salaries of all the officers whose offices have been abolished by the new charter, and therefore, if the claim of authority in the case of the Police Board be valid, is perpetuating & Series of Boards and offices which the char- ter has sponged out of existence. ‘We have no objection to the legal abolition of all the Boards, which in fact are incum- brances upon the ad:gaistration of the City Government. But itis important that they be disposed of legally ; any other proceeding will but embarrass the City Government in the end. Behind all this is the yet undeter- mined question whether the charter has ever beén adopted. That has yet to be decided judicially. The city might well afford to wait tatil that point has been determined judicially, particularly 8s no interest is at atake which will suffer by the fow weeks' de- lny. THE HERO OF TAE BEECHER CASE.’ At last the Bercmer scandal yielded a hero, Heroine, it has none. The hero made his ap- pearance at & most unexpected time and in a most unexpected place. Nearly every one has been looking for this hero. Anxious eyes have sought for him in Plymouth Church, in the Pantarchy, in the witness- box, in the TrLroN family, among the Free- Loversy the Communists, the Spiritualists, the strong-minded, the advanced thinkers, and the other truck which hasbeen dircctly and indirectly involved in this scandal, but have failed to find him; and now, when the case is closed, when the last witness has been pumped, and the last long-winded lawyer hos finished his last sentence, and the Judge has spoken his final word, and the hero- seekers had begun to despair, lo! he turns up in the jury-room,—one of the twelve victims Who has endured the six months’ martyrdom. There were times during the trial when it seemed as if & hero might appear for the ad- miration and applause of the public, but one after the other, as they revolved upon their pedestals, they showed some taint of the scandal, some human weakness or infirmity, which brought them down even below the average of ordinary humanity, Brecmes was not & hero, Heroes do not whine that the woman did it. Tmrox was not a hero, Heroes would not consort with ‘Wooparry, mor train under the flag of the Pantarchy. Mrs, Mom.'fnx_ bid fair tobe somewhat heroic, butalas! she had kissed BeeorER, and this no woman with heroic stuff in her would do, Mrs. Truron at the ontset seomed- as if she might be a heroine in distress, bat the mo- ment she opened her mouth, or pat pen to poper, it was evident she was not cast in a heroic mold. Besarz Tuenea might have been s beroine, perhaps, if she had not been in & dollar store and per- formed that remarkable feat in somnambu. lism. Miss ANTHONY might have been a hero, but alas! there still remdins the suspicion that she has reposed upon Mr. TruToN’s knee. Thus, one after the other, the pogsible heroes and heroines have faded ont of sight. None in the Trurox family; none in the Beecren family ; none in Plymouth Church, among all the deacons and“brethren and sisters; none in Sterre Pruny, Axrews' mysterious and Awe-inspiring Pantarchy; none among the long-baired Spirituslists or the ghart-haired rigkers; none in the church or in the court! Evazywhere a dead level of weakriess, ‘pusillanimi ty, cowardice, perjury, and silly sentimentalism | Among all these ** wkite souls,” not one which towered above the vest, & model of courage, honor, and chivalry, to.be sdmired by the millions of spectators ! § At the very last moment, however, of this six months’ siegs he oomes, and kis name ig Jomx F. Tav1r08, one of the jury. For six Jong months he hes sat and listensd to the testimony of witnesses without shriaking or Iprewing eny emations of fatigne. Furily long months he has witnessed the' incoming and the outgoing of ' the Truton crowd and the Plymouth Church procession. For six long months he has heard witnesses perjur- ing themsclves, heard thousands of questions and apswers, and hundreds of objections, without flinching. All the emotional gush and true inwardness, the obscenity and silly sentimentalism, poems, €ssays, Sermons, legal arguments, technicalities, and quibbles, have been poured into that man’s ears, and he has never flinched. Lawyers have suc- cumbed to vertigo, the Court to the heat, witnesses to fatigue, some of the jury to headache, sisters of Plymouth Church to fainting, but this juror has come up fresh and ‘rosy every morning, and left at night without any signs of lassitude. ' ‘Then the lawyers poured ‘weeks of talk into his ears, and still he flinched not, and came up smiling each day to take his dose. .Then he went out with his brethren. Seven long days they wrestled with each other in the heat and studied the miountains of evidence. One by one they faltered and fell, and, st the end of the seventh day, eleven of them had given up in despair, and would wait, struggle, or talk no Jonger, but onr hero was still plucky and talky. He had enlisted for the war, and was bound to fight it out if it took all summer. He had waded into the evidence so far that it was just as easy to keep going nhend as to turn round, and come out. When at last by sheer animal force and overwhelming numbers the other eleven compelled him to go into comrt, and stated that thero was no possibility of agree- ing upon a verdict, boldly the hero protested that he was not resdy,to give it up so, and clearly his challenge rung out: * May it please the Court, I do not think we onght to be discharged just yet. We aroe still discunss- ing the evidence! and I think we could profit- ably stay out longer!” There’s grit for you! There’s the stuff out of which beroes are made! There was. a Ger- man' philosopher who devoted years of his life trying to figure out how many angels could stand at once wupon the point of a needle. Men have given their lives to the study of the problem of perpetualmo- tion. They have spent yoars in the study of asingle ‘shell or flower, have striven from youth to old age in trying to discover the se- cret of alchemy; but no case that we can re- oall displays the angelic patience, the iron endurance, the stubborn determination, and the inflexible courage, of this hero who, after six months of slush and gush, lies and libels, and seven days of jury discussion on bread- and-water fare, still demands that he shall be allowed to wrestle with the insolvable ques- tion which has become the nuisance and the nightmare of the whols American public. The hero of the Beromzm case is Jomx F. TavLon. BUSINESS IMPROVIMENT IN CHICAGO. The speedy recovery from the panic is one of the wonderful but characteristic items in the history of Chieago. We have slready given the results of the panic of 1873 on the genernl condition of the country. The false, though seeming fair, prosperity that preceded the disaster of 1873 was the result of depreciated money, wild speculation, excessive eredit, extravagant ex- penditures, and a general desire to acquire wealth by short process rather than by labor. Men grew tired of labor, and invested time, henlth, and means in specunlation with all the confidence and hope with which neo- pbytes sit down to the gambling-table to make themselves rich in an hour. The fatal error of the banks becoming interested and involved in these speculations exiended credit to worthless bonds ‘issned by reckless companies without capital, and gve to the eventual crash an effect it otherwise would not have had. From out of the wreck the country has been gathering all that was of value, and upon & new basis business has been gradu- ally re-established. We are.not now with- drawing money from productive pursuits, nor from manufactures or other legitimate buosiness, to sink it in the wilderness, or to waste it in riotous extravagance. We have been increasing production, and in 1874 the transportation companies actually carried moro productions, measured by quantities, than in 1873 or 1872, showing that, not- withstanding the **stagnation,” the country kept on adding to its material wealth. ‘We have reformed ovr social habits. - No money can now be borrowed except on sound securities. There are no fancy properties. ‘We can no longer expend in advance the pro- spective gnins of speculations. We now are compelled fo live within our income, and those who never worked before are 1now com- pelled to work. The theory of great expec- tations has exploded, We are living in a time of actual realities. We are doing busi- ness on capital, and not upon speculation. We produce more ; we have mora men earn- ing & surplus over what they consume ; we are not dniving so fast, nor 6o thoughtlessly, but the country is doing a better and a safer business than before the panic, Chicago has largely shared in thig general restoration of industry. The panio for a time closed many of our industrial establish- ments. With the almost immediats recovery of our banks, and the inflow of money to purchase breadstuffs and provisions, business in Chicsgo wes resumed Factories and workshops. opened their doors. The dis- charged operatives were recallad, first onhalf, theu on two-thirds, then on full time. Other factories began business, and mare labor was employed. Trade with the prosperous in- terior was resumed; -sales of merchandise were increased, and remittances were prompt and punctual. Overa large part of Nlinois and the West, farmers were sble in 1874 to pay off mortgages; they increased their live stock, their implements, the number of their workmen, and the area under cultiva- tion. They bought and sold for cash, and bought cheaper and sold on' better terms. The rebuilding of - the city, temporarily sus- pended, was resumed.. Large additions were made to the number. of dwellings. The large drain upon the savings banks caused by the suspension ‘of work began to go back, and the senson of 1874 closed with n genersl restoration, and in many casesincrense, of the business of the city over that of previous Feara. In 1872 there had been a costly and exten- sive expenditure for business warehouses and stores in advance of the demand. They were erected in anticipation of the future. A large part of this property remained idle in 1878 end 1874, yielding no in- come to its owners Nevertheless, in 1874, there were numerots -zdditions to this clase of property. Vacant lots and blocks wers covered with new warehonses and atores, and the solidity and compactuess of the business districts were fnade more com- Pplete. The long and severs winter of 1874’5 was “really more . oppressive upan certain classas in Chicago than was the panio of the Jear: bafore, Thers wet 8 hexvy damand o2 the savings banks. But the business of Chicago in 1875 has been renewed ina most satisfactory manner. Since the panic thore have been larger additions to the resi- deace property,—not so much to the num- ber of palatial residences, nor to those coding from $25,000 to $75,000 each, as to that other and more needed class coging with lot from $7,500 to $13,000. ‘We bave also had a large number of buildings . hardly known here before the fire—brick dwellings costing with lot from §2,500 to $6,000. These are the evidences of permanent prosperity, as well as increase of population. Another striking fact, and more peculiar in Chicago than - elsewhers, is that these dwellings are to a great extent owned by the occupants; and the cost of the others admits of their being rented at mod- erote rents. Under the combined influence of increase of business, abundance of money, and cheap rents, a large number of ware- houses and stores which since their construc- tion have been unoccupied, have now found tenants; the weatherbeaten signs of “To Rent” have disappeared, and well-filled stores and sctive business have taken pos- session of much of the hitherto unproductive improvements made after the fire. *The Fature,” for which they were built, has to & great extent already arrived, notwithstanding the building of similar property, which has continuonsly kept on, The number of unemployed has gradually diminished. The number of persons em- ployed at daily, weekly, or monthly wages in Chicago at this time exceeds the number at any time since the panic. Our manufactur- ing business has increased, snd has given employment to an increased number of persons. There are persons ont of employ- ment, o is always the case in large cities; but the namber, outside of those who are professional non-workers, and those who will engage only in kid-glove Iabor, is less mow in Pproportion than for a long time. The indebtedness offthe people is less than in 1873. The period since the panic has been devoted to settle- ment. The insolvent have divided their as- sets among their creditors, and have stepped down and out. The holders of mortgages on real estate have exchanged their evidences of debt, taking up one with another, and releas- ing contracts that could not be filled. Indi- viduals have settled their balances, collected all that was due them, and paid off what they owed. New debts, unsecured by availsbls security, have not been contracted. Credits are short, prices low, and payments frequent. Business is done nearer s cash basis than ever, to the great advantage and profit of all concerned. Money is abundant, and the rates of interest low. Produc- tion is constantly enlarging, and, if wages are not so high, prices of commodities are proportionately less, and there are more persons employed. The deposits of the sav- ings banks have largely increased. All over the city, even to the extremo districts, im- Provements are going on, and thers is gen- eral activity, all indicating that, while the extravagant expenditure of 1873 no longer exists, there is & better, because more sub- stantinl and permanent, business now doing ; that, while the short cuts to fortune have been abandoned, thers are more persons pushing onward along the slower high roads to comfort and competency. THE NEW YORK POLICE, A committee of the New York Legislature is now in session in New York City, busily engaged in investigating the management of tho police force of the metropolis. Two or three discharged members of the force have mede affidavit that the Captains, Sergeaats, and patrolmen are in partnership with the chief criminals of their respective districts. In return for a sum of money, sometimes fixed and sometimes = percentage of the * profits,” these officials engage, it is said, to protect the ** panel-houses,” the houses of ill. fame, etc., from any interference. State’s evidence, especially when®given by ex-em- ployes, is to be received with great caution; but the story told in these affdavits is & straightforward one. Moreover, an officer of excellent character, Ser- gennt Gmoo, hss supplemented these charges ‘with similar ones, which he sup- ports in an aflidavit that states dates, names, and numbers, and appears to be beyond con- trodiction. The state of affairs disclosed is simply shocking. The police force seems to have been used in certain precincts to pro- tect, instead of prevent, crime. When a man complained of having been robbed in 8 house that did not pay blackmail to the police, the inmates were promptly arrested, and, unless the necessary bribes were given, - himself. brought to trial. But if one of the licensed haunts of infamy—licensed, that is, by a bribe-taking official—was complained of, it was utterly impossible to secure any redress whatever. The victims might appeal to the police, and write to the papers, and waste whole weeks of time, but the Polica Captain who shared in the profits of. the panel-game would not sippress it. In the Eighth and Fifteenth Wards of the city, taxpayers’ as- sociations were formed for the purpose of driving harlotdom elsewhers. Evidence was got and complaints were lodged. But the police were stubborn, andethe District-At torney supine. The Journal of Commerce says of the Attorney's offica: ‘“Its pigeon. holes are stuffed with dusty indictments against the vilest creatures in the Eighth and Fifteonth Wards, and there is no prospect that they will be prosecuted unless the legis- lative inquiry shall stimulate a sudden energy in that quarter.” ' The charges and the proof sagainst the ¢ police have received sdded weight from the fact that the most notorious of the Commissioners, MarseLy, the proprictor of the infamous Police Gazette, and an ex-Chief of Police, ap- poared before the Legislative Committee with an attorney, and declined to answer the first question pat to him, lest ks should criminate The disclosures ot* . shocking stats of affairs in New York uity are all the more unplensant reading, becanse this condition of things is the inevitable, lo-*cal result of the policy of police-managem._t that is common to both New York and Chicago. An irre. sponsible Board snd the use of the force a3 s political engine,—these are the two simple elements which insure an alliance between the criminal classes and the police. We bave not been on the down-hill rond as long as New York, and the alliance here msy not be as complate as it is there; but we belisve it exists. -The owners, and managers, and in. mates of the panel-homses, the gambling bells, and the bunko hesdquarters, whose names and haunts are all perfoctly familiar to the police, could not ply their vicions trades with the recklessness and snccess they do, were they not sure of the aid and counte- nance of the police force. Bome of them, doubtless, psy for this countensnce with cash; othars pay for it with politieal inffa. ence and fraudulent voting. TUntil somebody tarns State's evidence, names, and dates, and figures may be difficult to get, hut the gen-~ eral truth cannot be denied. Chicago pays enough policemen to maintain order and de- cency. If they make no efforts to do what the taxpayers pay tnem for doing, there is but one explanation : Somebody is bribed. The same causes do not produce differont effects in Chicago and New York. — ' 'THE BLACK HILLS, The letter. from our excellent special cor~ respondent with the Black Hills expedition, which was printed in our issne of yesterday, of the date of June 2t, and two dnys later than anything yet printed, contains a mass of information which ought to be read carefully and thoughtfully by every person who has any idea of going gold-hunting in that dis- tant region. He shows that the miners already at work had formed extravagnnt ideas of the manner of getting at the gold and the quantities to be found in a certain amount of dust ; that mining thus far is no better than working at hard labor anywhere else for $2, or $4 at the utmost, per day ; that the gold- finding is real, but it involves arduous labor, and perhaps will require a large outlay of capital to develop it ; and that many who go there must be sadly dissppointed. In conclusion, he says : T think {t will pay in the main; that is, it will be something of & success 10 & great many, Butmany will come hers broke, and go back soon after I the same unenviable condition, You may lsten to their curses and revilings. and believe that they but echo the gentiments of thoussnds who had nothing to loss and hadn't the luck or plack to win anything. The conformation of the country has been suficiently dilated npon. The movements of our party will not interest readers whose only desire i» to now the fact about these reputed rich goid-flelds, Fiying rumors amount to nothing, bat hard facts go far to convince- This lettér shiows that our correspondent, after he has bad time to Inok about him, to converse with the mincrs, and {o examine the prospects, has materially modified his views asat first expressed, and has at Inst settled down to the very conclusion which was pre- dicted by Tre TrsuNE some time since, and is in accordance with tho warnings which it has constantly uttered, that thers may be some gold at the Black Hills, but that the large proportion of those who go there must be disappointed. Tre Tamuxne, therefore, once more repeats the warning to thonghtless people not to be misled by the unscrupulous sheet which is engaged in inflating and blow- ing up a gambling speculation for the sake of robbing the credulous victims. It once more worns ‘them that they are going upon a wild-goose chase, and that, where one .of them may make o fair day's wages, perhaps, at the cost of hard labor and great sacrifice, nine of them are doomed to cruel disappoint- ment and fo lose what little property they have. Itonce moro warns them that their lebor and copital, if properly invested at home, will make them more money in the end than they can make in ining in the Black Hills or any other mining region. It warns them once more not to allow this un- scrupulons and reckless mining-swindle or- gan to excite their imaginations and clond their better judgments with its extravagant stories, concocted in the interests of gam- bling-speculators and outfit-agents BUSSIAN SECTS, In a former article in Tue TRIBUNE we gave our readers a geueral notion of the Raskol or schism in the Russian Church ; we showed how it bad its origin in an opposition to the liturgical reforms of the Patriarch Nikone, and was strengthened by the opposition raised to the political changes introduced by Peter the Great. Since the article just reforred to was wrnitten, M. Apatole Leroy Besulieu has published another paper on the Ruossian sects,—the Popovtsy and Bezpopovisy,—or the two branches of the Raskol. The differsnce between the two branches is this: The former recognize s elergy, recussnts from tho Orthodox Church ; the Iatter recognize no clergy whatever, 1t has beco found adifficult matter to ascertain the aggregate number of adherents of thess two sects. The official statistics give the number at about 1,100,000. Buc these figures are not ro- ceived by £he mostcompetent judges as in any way reliable; and thero are those who claim that the vamber of the Raefolniks resches as high as 15,000,000. ‘The truth is, however, that not even the chiefs of the Raskolniks themselves are informed a8 to their numbers. It seems to be certain that the official figures are altogether tooemall, It embraces only professed Raskol- pike. DBut thero is & numerous olass of Raskol- uiks inscribed smong the Orthodox, and anozher numerons clasd who are Reskolniks in disguise, and whom shame or fear deters from apoearing in their true colors. M. Beanlien considers it most probable that the real number of Raskol- iks is between 6,000,000 and 8,000,000. Tho number of the Raskolmks is no eriterion of its inflaence, Its force lics in the aympathy of ihe nambers who do not openly profass 1. The Raskol is very highly respected in some things, and its megmbera aro uot looked npon by the masses of the Ortnodox as rebels and beretics ; on tho contrary, they are considered, aven by many of those who do not believe as they do, as the most zealous and devout of Chris- tiang, not unlike the earfy Christians ia character or in the persecutions they are mads tc endare. A speciea of suspicion larks among th? masses of the people in wany quartera that the ' Maskol- niks are alove in the right path, and that the Stats Church 18 & fashionable institfition, in which it i8 Do easy matter to work 4:" one's salvation. It it said that if freedom'of con- science were allowed in Russis, the Orthodox Church would in s shart time ase one-third, per- baps one-half, of its mombers join ths Raakol schism. The Raskol finds its recruita smong ttose who o"pose the modernization of Russia—among the Leasantry, mochanics, and traders. Russisn society is divided into two entirely distinct worlds: old, and modern Kussian mociety—Rus- sian society as it existed previous to Peter the Great, and Russian society ss it began to bs after the introduction of his reforms. The Raskol possesses two great elements of power—morality and wesalth. It is often re- marked of the Raskolniks that they ara the most sober, economical, and honest people in Rassia, Thier houses are clean and tidy. They make the most efficient workmen. Thoy pay ther taxes more promptly than any other portion of the Russian people. The wealth of the Raakol- nikis panly sn effectof their frugality and worality; in part it1s the result of persecution aud the inferior condition wbich they have been compelled to accept. The Jews the world over, the Armeniaus in the Esat, the Copts in Egypt, areall fnstances tending toshow that when s claas of people are oppressed, snd have little to do with public affairs, they find commeroce their refuge mgainst wrong, sod the only object to which they can devote their energies. In the ‘course of geaerations a capacity for finance or business becomes hereditary smong them. In the cities of Rossia, like the Jews among our- selves, the Raskolniks are frequently the wealth- fest merchaata. - Many of the handsomest housss in Moscow belong to them. It has besn feared even that the Raskolniks were going to monopolize the fioances of Busslal Thers soems to be Little ground for such s fesr, how- ever. The wealth of the Reskol being thus great, it 18 not to be wondered at that it makes occasional converts, who seok for influence and advance- ment by professing ita tenets. The wealthuest of ta members do nonos always differ very apoarently from the Ortbodos. Although nom. 43 7 oboosed £8 all modseu innovationd, they sarround theniselves with the loxuries / orn life, with the mascarpisces nxum ing and eculpture, with flowery books. The cnly thing that distn, thec from the Orthodox ia their taste, f5 thair exclusive patronage of Rusian talent, the effect of the growing wealt: of the By, nila will bo on their feith or superstitions P .| curious subject of inquiry ; but it scems 3t Dres. eat not improbable that it will prof modify it. With wealth will come m,m :_mlfi. l;nl g enlighteament increases, STperst o0 will inevitably decay. The Rasiol 3 heal itsel. : ! will ey It must pot be imacined, howerer, that gy Raa.oloik is inferior in poiut of inteligency g information to the rest of his countrymen, g the conirary. it isa rare thiog to find N uik Who cannot read. The sdherents of tha o faith are smong the foremost Promotecy o elementary " edication. And their ‘care education is dwrectly connccted. with position in _salagonism to the Church. The Raskolniks have been Dlaced g the defensive, aad bave had t rely 2707 adugy,. tion for arma ic: their straggle with O:thodory, Bat, although they can read. they peniat 1, reading only old books and books of devtoy Books in the Slavonic laoguage and Slavoaiy lotters are their special delighs. Bat tne [ that ca bo said of thess Bussian sectarisg that they have boaks,~they have no scisoce, ag real koowladge. The Popovtsy accept their clog Octhodox Church, having me:nl:fr’u,fi:u s confeas, lost the tbread of Anostong Bnccession, But before admitting an Orthodox. prieet them they subject him o & humiliscing abjars tion. As a rulo, the clergy thus received by the Popovtsy have been expelled from the Church on acconat of ircegulacitios in their my of living. They inspire no verygreat respact, and are looked apon as mercensries on whom sccleg astical ordioation bas confarred s monopelygy performing the divine Bervice. Thoy are o pletely depondent on the hity. in whose hacdaly the entire managemont of ths affaurg of the sect. The fundamental priociple of the sscond " is the abrogation of the priesthaod. Hence have found it exceedingly difficalt 10 maiatain gy ecclesiaatical organization, or to preserrs the nuity of their belief. There is, indsed, them no curb to the fancy of their membars, and Do barrier erocted sgainst innovation of sy kind. The disintegration continually going oa. among them is something alarming o the soctyr ries themselves., Inlien of priests, the Lazpopovisy have thei *‘ancients,” or presbyters, who Pretend to no sacerdotal character. Their fanctions ane the reading of the Bcriptures sod the baptism of chiliren. They sometimes alxy Teceive the confeasions of tusir commumnscants, Sometimes women exercise these offices,~ Spite of the fact that the ‘‘ancients™ ara dovoid of all eacerdotal character, they exercise Rreatar inflaence over their Peopls than do the prissts among the Popoviay: aod they are, not mnfrs. quently, the superiors of the lstier in asered learning. They retsin moatof the practices of the Russian Orthodox Church, thelr wupersti- tious reverence for pictures and relics, the ob servation of fast days, and all the formalism which gave rise to the Raskol. They are much given to ceremonjes. One of the sects ordaiog 100 inclinations of the body to effect the prife cation of the meat purchased in the merket; 29 at s burial. The neophyte is required to maky 2,000 & day for & week. They religiously abhor tobacco, sugar, certain mweats and animals—the hare, for tinatance. There are monks, if no priests, among the Bazpopovisy, and they have hermitages far both sexes. Thess Liermitsges are the only centres about which the organization groups itself. Ta common sith the Popovtsy, they teach that Boee sia has fallen into the hands of Satan aince the time of Peter the Great. The lengths to which this superstition bag carried some of the sxwremar divisions is horrible to contemplate. Many hava been known to barn themselves alive in order to escape the service of the satuaps ol the Devi. And there are those, aves now, who, to escape all commuaication with the Government, ignore every civil tis, For s long time they looked upon the Emperer 83 Batan's vicar on earth. At present thersiss tendency to explain the reign of anti-Christias spiritual sense. The Russian Government n0 tonger persecutes these sects as it was wont o} bat, to makesure that they harbor no sinister de sigus aguinst it, it requires them to give an er ternal mark of their sobmiesion,—prayer for toe Emperor, ~which they soomw to offer under pror tes. The clergy in Russia are the proper paries, and have been from tims immemorial, to sdmis- ister the matrimooial tite, for among the Russians matrimopy is not & simple civil contract; itiss sacrament. When the Bezpopovtsy lost their sacerdotal clasg, they lost the only suthorizad ministers of matrimony ;. and, with cbaracteristis adbesiveness o the paat, begsn to inquire whethe er, havingno miniaters to administer it, they could lawtully have any marrisge or conjuzal anios Thers were those who advocated the abeoluts avolition of the marriage relation, and insisted that celibacy was henceforth of aniversal obligh tion. Thers were athers who claimed that God, in His mercy, anthorized them to find soma:hiog to substitute for the lost sacrament. And botk theories wero carvied out in practica. The maté woderate caunsed tho parties contrastiog to kiss the cross, the Gospel, and to receive the blesg. of their parents. Others insisted that, the sacrament having been abrogited, conseatslons w88 necossary to tho conjugal nnion, and this union was legitimate only while the consent lact- ed. Hence divarce wna eamly obtained, aod great immorality reigned among the sexss. is a dark'blot on’, the ctherwiae, good reputsiic of the Raskoloiks for morality.. The moat e treme of the sect consider aoy union of the se%. e illicit, and preach s doctrine which has bees summed up in thess worda: *“If you are ma™ ried, cease to be married ; if you are not mar- ried, donot marry.” When, they say, achildis conceived. his soul comes not mow frum Gody bat from the Devil. Infsaticide is a common orime smong-those of thie lalter sect who a8 £0o weak to live up to ita rigid pnnciples, andis resorted t0 a8 & cover for their violations of L law. % The Begouny, or pilgrims, carry ont the princl ples of the sect to their togical consequeuced. Firmly convioced that Satan is the rular of this world, they make no compromiss with it. They withdraw from the affairs - of life, and retito into .the desert or tb woods, Temote from the followars ef anti-Christ. The Stranniks sccept the words (£~ Christ, in which he counsels his disciplse to sbad- don father and wother and to take up their crosd and follow him, in the most literal sense. Thare is, according to them, no virtue bus in forsakiog 8 world governed from hell. They give up tbelr property, thelr wives and chiidren, sod ke bouseless and homeless. Tney are Communiats, and call one anotlier brothor and ‘aister. Wil DO permanent place 5f residence, sod no rogo lar means of subsistencs, they frequently giv® themsalves up to brigandage and robbery, justify their course om the principle the world being under the law of Satan, every attack on soclety I8 fl: protest against the dominion of be They refuse to be baptized except with raio- water, or ewamp-water, the water of ‘the rivers being pollated by the adberents of sot Chbrist! The Government of Rasaia has as b taken the regulation of Raskolnik marrisges uo- der its own sapervision—s step which. in the o~ terest of morality and social arder, it should baze taken long before. The Poportay and tne B:; poporiay, and the sub-socts mentiooed, do exbaust the catalogue of Bussisg secie. Ther® are otliars, lower and mare curious yet, of whish Mr. Bealien promises to treat {n & futaze el Sir Crarrss Drzxx Is known better fn. bl country as the leader of s forlorn hnpufllhl!flil: Lavon and Opoxn than a8 & journaliss, bud AN fecent experiences 18 ownar of the Adenausd commead hiz 10 bls bralbred of the prass ¥ TR | E N TR A e e SRRV R AL