Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 8, 1875, Page 10

THE SOUTH. The Industrinl and Political Bit- uation in Arkansas, Evorybody Possossed of Working Ca- pacity Is at Work, Groat Expectations in Regard to the Cote ton«Crop of {ho Present Season. Tho Negro Population Industrious, Con- tented, and Gradually Acquir- ing Property, Vo Polftlcs In Arkansas at Present--The 8ar fand Gavernment Without Organe fzed Oppositian. Questions to Arise in tho Near Future --«Finnnce the Great Issue. A Stato Debt of $18,000,000-Sentiment in Favor of Partial Repudiation of It FProm Our Own Correspondent, Lrrrir Nock, Ark,, May 0.—The situation fm Arkansas to-day may be comprehensively summed up In a eingle sontonce: Lverybody , posgesaed of working capacity 18 AT WORK, Inquiries at rallroad-siations, and of paszon- gera on tho trains, of railroad-men, cotton-fac- tors, aud motchants, at nowspapor-offices, tho hotels, aud on tho siroct-corners, eliclt, varied only in form of expression, the statement: s Can't toll you angthing about the crop-pros- * poct yot§ but, If work's going to make it, "tnill bo tho biggest over grown in this Stato,” It ia ppoken of, too, not with mere lopefulness, butb with positive onthusisem, such as might nat- urally lead to tho inferencc that they Liad suf- fored long famine, or that it was a remarkably- uncommon oceurrenco fpr a big crop, or any erop worth reckoniug, to bs in prospect in Ar- konsas. Nobody railed againet the weathor, nor found fault that the season was backward or the planting late, vor apprehended early frost, flood, or drought. Nobody Had complaint to make that tho nepro wouldn't work, nor {bat labor was gcorce, uor, in ehort, that thera was any- thing to grumblo about. Last year's falluro of the crop was adverted to, as in n general way, and with littlo said about thom, were paat roliti- cal troubles. Dut both wero montioned some- what ss, in Clicago, the sccond year nfter tho Groat Fire, was that ca- lamity. “This year will fotech wus out all right again ;" or, **Wo are going to got onr beads above water this fally" or, ©*if wo don't como ont ahead this scason, it Will be becausoits a wonderfully bad one;" or Jike oxpressiona wero invariably coupled with referenco fo tho * hard times,” which were aliuded (o in explanation of (he oxultaut fashion in which peoplo dwelt upon their ' GREAT EXPLOTATIONS for this yoar, The first queation which an Ar- kansas man to-dsy puts to s strzugor is nof, Do you want to buy fana?" ox what you know of thochiances in Toxas or Kaneas ; they dilato on the wundevoloped rosources of their ttate, If that topla Le Dbronchoed, till it begins to sound like a sccond edition of Western or California *“*brag,” Then they will conclude with o recurrenco to the big erop that's going to bo made,—'a bale” with decided emphasis, ‘“to tho acro in the bottom- laudy, it it's soy sort of & meason; ® Lale and a half and," with additional cmphasts, firo balea in places, 1f it turns out woll ; and moro corn than over was raised in this county baforo,” There's o much such talk, and its go different from whnt might not untenzouably bave beon expected, that it'ainfactious, and the correspoud- ot who listens to it can scarce avoid fecling that Lo is Jiable to be oharged with wholesale pulfory of the Blate if he reports with fidelity the pre- vailing feeling aud tone bore an it js found to- day. What work hos beon done, and that in progress,—as o both which, whoever traverses this yegion with Lis oyes open caunot be mia- taken,—would SKEM YO WARRANT the great expectations of the Arkansas people, though thelr entbusissm upon tha subject may be, a8 doubtloes It 18, due Lo tho contrast with their actual condition at the closo of the last seagon. 'L'lie mow fencing to bo soen in travel- ing acroes the country, and In the Arksuuas River Valtoy, can only be reckoned iu miles; aud every old 1ail-fencs Lias besn rebuilt with uew rails put in to roplace those that had rolted, and tho whols steked and ridercd so a8 {o putit beyond possibility for the most broechy mulo or long-anouted, sharp-backed hog to get into the flolde, Durlug the past winter, there- bas beon added to the tillable wrea, by clearing off tha timLer and puttivg undor fetice, o vaat acreago, —cstimated by the Commitieo ou Btatistics of the Mompbis Cotton ILxchange at Bl por cont in tho eection of the Stale noith of the Arkausas Itiver, Plantes snd factors Lioro rato it bighor; some 8 to 1U per cout in tho Lottom-iauds, whicl, fn productives ness, yato as two to one in comparison with the uplands, ‘The incroased acreago being planted in grain, chiofly corn, witha moderate proportion of vaty, indicates that the latter estimato way be NEAREI CONRECT . of the bost diatricts, The report of the Memphis Cotton Exchange, collated from mquirics in sve- ry conuty of tho district north of the Arkanens lflver, puts this at 42 por cont over last yoar; aud yot nearly evory acre of land under cultivation which_1¢ considored good cottou- laud s planted, or Dbeing planted, in cotton,—only the peorer lands, and, on the plantations,” what will raiso graln for feed sud mieal, being dovoted to grain, New oumuixdlngu are frequont ; old ones generally hiavo boen put In ropair ; sud on every sido ara ovidences of a most active ludustry, thet wust indeod, as is the boast here, have trans- formed tho entire nu}m:l ¢l this region, whicl, to-dny, in genernl thiift and * forwarduoss,” would ot favorably compare with tho best cul- tivated farm-cistricts of 1linols, Indians, or Ohlo in the middie of May, though, of courzo, thore {wliora a far greater propoition of unime- proved land. As to the mdustrial coudition, the Momphis Catton Exchaugo Comtnittce, in thoir last report, say: **Tho remarkablo jmprave- went i fences," eto, ‘‘our correspond- euts attributo almost enlirely to the iudigent condition. of Inborors (owing {0 tho excersive [7] ehort crops of nh Linds thie past season), forclng thom to this work 1or subeixtence, Alany predict that the rosult in protecting crops will have a Jastiug sud beneticial offeet upon laborers.” ‘' ALK THE NEOUOES WONKING BETTER this yoar because they havo lo‘ or do they take 10 work chicos fully aud hopefully 2" was, in gen- eral terws, though losa direcily, the question Tuw Tmerse corruspondont put to plauters, fac- tury, worchants, politicians, editors, and wolle uigh everybody he wmet. » Never knew the time when they wouldu'c worl in this region when (hey wore Jot alone,” wag tho pluwp respouse from evoral, Lo, *wio working “contontedly, aud Lo better their coudition,” uatd Gov, Garland; * aud daily the Jeadiug men sniong thom wenyl mo asaurances that they aro suilefied with the prospoct. “Of cotrgo they work well" was said in o coterio of Olayton politciaus, whercol ox- Chief-Justico McClure (* Poker Jack,” oa thoy irrevercutly term him)aud Lditor {'rico wore wombers, **Why," ssid Lewis Fiptcher,—one of tho hoaviest lauters In tho Arkuuues Valley, and an ox-Coufederate, - thera’s uo trouble about gotting uiggera 10 work, What thoso fol. luws over in AMowmnphis sy fun't trae, F'ha bauds ou 1y plantations aro now plowing away, when fherc's littlo or no necd for it. ‘fhe crop's ing but it wou't come up till thero's & littlo suin, or {or some daya yot ; but the work haoprovea the conditlon of the land.” Haid John Flotcher, Mayor of Little Rock, a planter aud oue of the heaviost cotlon factors and comuwisvlon merckauts in the Arkanuas Val- lay: **You cau seo the VEQOF TIAT TUE NEQROES WORK by looking round tha streets hiore in Little Rock, You soo no crowds” of idle nogroes, talke Ing politica &b tho cornors, sbout, s yvu would Lave done last yoar, They sre alt ous at work. Tur- ther proof s, that thoy sro slockig In hero trom \West Tennesses sud Alabama ; and eyery negro who comes horo gocs to work, 'I'he best or luunfilnu THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, M¥V 8, 1875.—~TEN PAGERN. eatimatos, pretty carofully mado, aro that 1,000 hands st gcut have como (uto hin county alone in tho past winter nionths, and aro now at work s aud, & yoar since, we nero in a state of war hete,” Whiat ha saiid of Liltlo Tioch was self-svident trith. Not two dozon idle negroes wora to be seen Qo the principal strects in a half-day's etroll, And no more woro there whita idlors, Bo it was st the way-stations on tho ralirond, and through the plantation-country. ~ Every. where, everybody, black and winte, did seom at work; evervwhiere, in the tields, wers bLolh Llacks and wlhiles to bs geen, plowing, plant- ing, etc. 'Tho largest gang of hands I eaw was in a *clearing,"—perhaps & dozen o all, four or fivo of whom wero whiteny aud whiiea and no- gracs wera working togothor, rolling the logs info Leaps to bie burned. Lvyon along the line of tha Memphin & Littlo Rock Liallway, which, for most part of the route, socnued a nator-way, the entire roglon for near half tho distanca "boing overtlowed,—wheraver s patch of any Iand was “visible, somoboidy was plowing or find plowed it : cabins wors In to- pair, now foncos had beon built, and the atrips of prairie through ‘which the road paeses, aud which hithorto hiave beon regardod as worthless Iande, wora being planted in corn and onts. In the Arkansagand Whito Tiver Vallevs, the plan- tatlons were in na high s state of cultivation as can Lo found AXYWIIRRE IX THR UNITED ATATES smong farm-landa ; and, in neat, cleanly appear- auce of tha fields, good feacing, aud fine culture, recallod the Jorsoy mmket-garuen farma Letwosn New York and Ihiladolplifa. A ride down tho Arkausas bottoms will ianbuse the nind of any nan from the North of the notion that the cot~ ton-landa in that locality, at lcast, nre not culti- vated fo the highest degree, Ilore are thoue sands of acres of rich alluvial lands, which hiavo boon plowed and plowed again, and worked till the wrmlu wurtace 18 well nigh as mellow as an nshi-leap, On evety plantation, too, it wan noticenbls that every availablo rood of land was under cultivation. The plowa had beon run up Lo the very line of the fence, aoclose that another fturrow could not Liave boen run without flst re- moving the rails. The ridges, or rafsed furrows, in the centre of which the colton is plauted, or will be planted, wero as clear and freo from weas ns. tho mwoot-potato rows ona sees In a Norchern farm-garden, The overflowed or swampy por- Uona of flelda had been plowed around. imust to tho water'sa marging and, whero the water liad rocedel, plowmen were at work. And #o 1t was on x;'ulwr 6ido the tiver, as far as tha eye could ranch, Of courno, the feoling that they ** have got to maken crop this year,"” has fn no small degree prompted TIE EXTRAONDINARY INDUSTAY which fa loro seclt-evident. I'coplo nren't liable to work for the fun of the thing, on Arkansas plantations more thau in TMinols coru-ficlds; and Inst yoar's (ailure of tho crops left them the alternativo of working or starving. But investigation shows, furthor, that heroe, tf anywhors, it pasa to work ; aud ovidently the laborers, whiteand black, work tho more Dcartily because it will pay. 'Whe plantations are worked almoet oxclusively **on shares,” which syatem has been lonud most profitabla both for plauters ard laborers. In somo inatances, the land is leased direct to the laborers at, say, 125 pounds of hint cotton, worth, on nan average, say, 313 Sor acro; in a few cases, bands ars lured at £20 to 225 per month; but tho Iaborers do mot readily takoe to that plan, and the plantors, asa rule, have not the availa- blo cash to try it. Whers tha work ta done on shares, if the workman owns lis own team and feods it, Denring all Lis own expenses, ho gets tmo-thirds tho crop. When tlie planter fur- nishies the team and fced, tho workman gots one- THE AVERAGE LOT cultivated by eachmman i3 from G to 8 soros of coiton and 8 of corn, in sbout which pro. portion the land is now being_pianted,—tho do- termination being to raiso suflicieut corn, in any event, to keop tho mules over winter, 2ud to furnish abundant m\fiply ot meal for tho laborer and bis family, With & favorable season, the yield will be fiom mix to ten bales per Jeborer, Lesides the corn-supply, and what can be realiz- cd from the sale of secd, which latter, however, is an Inconsiderablo item. Yor hiw share, the Iaborer, at the end of the season, will realize from three to flve bales, worll from 8200 to £075, besides his corn-aupply, il sold worth, at & moderalo estimato, §30. If he bo the posacsgor of a mule, his share will be from four to six and two-third bales, or from 2266.66 1o 8500, and his share of corn in addition. De- siden, ench has his garden-pateh, so that his shiare of tha cotton-palcls rupreseuts his earn- ingain_cxcess of fawmily supplies for the most art, To the fact, thercfore, thatit pays, donbt- ean must be attributed the negro immigiation, o the samo fact way also be attributed the canteriog of the nogroos in and about the bot- toni-lands, leavivg the uplands to becomo “'a whito 1an's country,” ea thoy now designato the northwestern portion of tho State, In the bot- ton-laud cottou-ticlds, tho negro can practl- cally bave no compotition. Neither the malaria nor ths suliry beat afTects him, while, ns the oldest plantera admit, white laborers suc- cumb to both, It inalso admitted, without re- acrve, that the cotton-culture in the bottom. Iands, which are the great cotton-fields, ia de- pondont wholly upon the negro; and, for that roason, {he gonoral foeling fa to eucourage no- gro-immigeation, ‘Chere sooma none, or but most renote, prospect of Lho negioes becoming owners of theso fine plantations, whicl, in the worst of the depresalon resulting from lust year's failure of ths crop, aud the shortening of credits for plantation-supplies, eannct Lo bought for lues than 250 to 276 per acre,—tho purchase thion Including uncloared land eaual to or greater in ares tbap that under cultivation. VWhen s crop s made, the price will Inrfioly advanco ; for oven now cotton-ficlds in the Arkausas bottoms, below Little Itock, aro routed at from 38 to £12.50 casly lxurncru,—lugu bodies of the best Jands attho lattor figure, —making thom a 10-per- cout investmeut at from £80 to 2126 fer mcre, ‘Ihe negroes, however, ara BLOWLY ACQUIIING TROPERTY, Thelr firat (nvestmont i in a mule ; and, In the Arkansas Valloy, it in catimated that nearly 10 P" cout—some put it ag low na B per cout—own beir iies, which enabloa them, as atated, to incronso thelr sliaro of tho oarnlugs, on an ave erage, 43}¢ por cont (from one-balf to two- thirds), ~ 'Lhey are alro eottliug, iu con- sldernblo nuwbers, under the llomeatead act, om the uplauds, which hntherto liavo Leen left uusetiled bocause the sofl, whiloh 14 of fuferior quality, will not grow cotton, uor, lu paying crop, corn, though orchards, an rassoy, and oats, thrive on it, 'I'hore tliey bulld heir houses,—log, of courss, and little, If any, beotter, as a rule, than the cabina on the planta- tions,—aud il\lfll.lf the season work on tho plan- tntions in tho bottoms, Whethor they can do Lotter by ciearing and cultivating theso homo- stondn s small faims sre cuitivated in the poorer lauds of the North, romaius to be doter- mined. As yot they have not -u:]ulml tho capi- ial to make the exporiment, and must work on the plautatious for a iving. Bus their homo- sieads are their boginuiugs of homes, and, intho natural order of thiugs, are the boginnings alao of habits of thrifty Industry that will rosult in materially bettering thelr couditlon, and check tho nomadio habik so much complained of in Weost Tounesaco, where tha ficld-hands seom ale wost to bo clnesad aa tloating population, Arkansas politios appear to havo DOOIPED OLT OF ARKANHAS, Thers are no disturbatces, and, lu fact Peacoablo aud quict hiero to-day aa fn Wisconsiu or llingis. Pinctically thore ara at present no partics ju this Biate, there boing no organized opposition to the Garland GQoverument, * \Wo havo no olaction until 16876," sald Gov. Uarland, *'and expeot to got along without any politics until then," “1t's all ono-alded ; there's no Ropubillc party in Arkausas, ‘Lhore bas beon hono sh the Uarlaud Governtout was rocognizod,™ McClure, ox-Clief-Justice, and Beuator Clay- ton's right-land man, **There sre only abont 10,000 white Itepublicans in tho State, T'hey can do nothing without the negrocs, and the negroea aro dous wiih politics for a while, fur they are conyinced tuat, abandoned ag thoy have boen hr the Republican party, they cau eipect nothing.” Drico aud others of the same_school oxprossed themselves to Nhe eflect, Tho sols ground of complaist_with them, lowever, was, that tho Qarlsnd Government bad beon permitted to bo ostablished ; uotbing in particular could Do dearned that waw apprehionded of it, unless It wore » partial repudiation of the State debt, ‘Tha tono genorally of the Itopublican ex-officinls was sinply that of politiclans who had been hopeloesly * dofeatod, nud, as thoy claumed, |hrou’(h what McClute tormed thelr ™ abandon. meut” by tho papty et Wasbiugtou, ¥xcont affoctiug tho party "in the ssuso of affecting o political aspirations of tho leaders, 'ury‘fimo dlssntstaction-—uo more lan uiit Lo expocted from & dofeated parly that had held completo sway—in oxpressed al tho eutablishiont of the Garland Admnistration, Practicaily 1L hua the wupport. of ils cutlre whito “population, save the B,000 or 10,000 whits Republic- sue, who have uo spoclsl gilovaico to complain of; while the wnegrues, in utter disrogdrd of palitics, ara'workiug hardoer that nt auy thne wince tho Wur, and, a8 their Immigta- tivn ntu the Hiata proves, are but littlo concern- ed about politivs, OF course, polities without parilod s impossiblo, aa it is als0 impousibla that any Btato should remain without parties, 'I'iero 6re amoug the adliurents of the Uarlnud Governe wnents two distinet, well-dofied elenouts, which, fiom peravnnel and autecodents, aud tho present it in as n indications, may roasonably s expectod to form the opposing partior, which will Le hased upon tho ‘traditions, privciplos, antagonisms, and habita and assoctations of the OLDL WIIG AND DEMOCRATIO organizations, moiified by the piesent sitnation, Aud nuch is the genorally-expresssd expectation, though what will bo tiie issues, cr the party names, or who the leadors, {a as yot scarce cone Joctured. Among ths politicians of the prosent. Administration and of tho lats Governtwents thors is & real or affected derision of Tux Tnin- UNE'S prediction that the divislon of tha partics would” be, sccording to tho natural ordor, into Progreasives and Conacrvailyes, Yot thero 8 to ba el the question of paylug the Stata debt, as to which thers is al- ready a strong and avowed senliment in favor of repudiating G524 conts on the dollar; aud thero 18 tho question” of futernal tmprove- ments to be brought up as to the construction of loveen, and ald to railroadas and thers is lo-day distinctly percaptibla the Conserrative soutimont thint, to uso tho characteristio phuase, would let things alona as thoy are, and the l'rograssive seutiment, that ectioes and ro-ochocs all soris of projects to be carried ont ** for the development of Arkansan® great resourcos.” Thows nlio hiave hithorto lad tita Republican party, controlled tha negro vole, and gonerally bold the offices, ex- press themeacives as content to wait until the co- alition of the entira whito population, except the 10,000 whito Rapublicaus, 18 disrupted, when tho l!e\mhlluus, white and colorad, will hold the ‘balanco of power, ond will unite with that wing of the present coslitfon which is most Republican in principle, Tho programme may or may not prove foasiblo ; it may operats to put a check upontho extrowne Southern politictans of the old school, af whotn thore ara here no small number ; and it may ba but a project for building up & minority arganization as the political stock in trade of the fow enlcrprisiog geutlomen who do the catpen- ter-work. Tle Iate Itepublican lenders cinim & Nepublican strengtl; In the Htate of 10,000 wiite and 40,000 mluxea voters, Kne lalter figures, horwever, are MANIFESTLY AX OVERESIINATE, nince tha total population of the Htate is but nbout 600,000, of whom it is concedod not levs han 400,00 ara whites. The vote on the adoption of the now Constitulion footad up, or was figured out, at 103,000 ; and the genaral estimats of the eutiro voting population is 110,000, As, despite all the assortions to the contrary, aud tho figuring based upon them, the negroes are as prolitie as over,—zs the groups gathered about evory cabin go to prove,—it {a probablo 80,000 coloréd and between 70,000 and 75,000 whito votors would be more nearly accurate, It In alsa meabla that the whito Repubtican vote has oen, {n liko manner, ovorestimated, and that it doca not exceed 7,600 or 8,000, making the total available material for the thid-parte-Republican progeamme to be reckoned at about 37,600, pro- vided it can be Leld togother. 'Che eBecuva voting power of the negroes, under the present Covernmont, is perlaps best allustrated h{ tho number of colorod ofticinls clepted under the mew Constitution, ‘fhore are, according to dats furnished fiom the Uovervor's oflice (in addilion to ono Heuator and vine Represoutatives in (he Legis- lature), as follows: I'our Sheriffs, three Clerky of Circuit Courts, six Aescraois, ona County Surveyor, fivo Counly Coroners; 160 Justices of the ’eaco, ninaty-live Coustables, and about an number hiava not_ yet given bond and qualified) one-fourth the whols numLer of County Clerkw. This political fignring, bowevor, {a doubtless ail of littla more value than the off-year estimatcs of local politictans generally ; and the pohitica of Arkausas s quite as likely to ba revolutionized by the tide cf immlgration which tha low price of lands, the profitable crop they grow, the fa- voravle climaie, and the present orderly condi- tin of aMaits, if maintalued, must atiract. TUE LIVING 185U in Arkaosaa politics to-duy is that of finance. T'lie logacy of debt with which the Gariand Gov- croment begins operations, 5o far an ancertained by the Htate Doard of I'inance, is an follows, the figures bolng furnisbad by Col. Leavy, of tlat Board: 500 Htval Estate Dank bonds in Unlted Blates Treasury () per conts),c.v...$ 560,000 128 Hiata Uauk Londs fu United Stal “Tressury (G per centa). ... . 133,00 A State Bank bonda (5 per centn), 3 2,00 111 Stats Bank bonds (0 per conte) . 112,600 1:1 NReal Estata Bauk Louds (G per . L,000 5,350 Lends fasued in ald of raliroads under vel of Asserably approved July 21, 1408, .., cessrssecessess 5,350,000 3,350 funded debi bonah insued \inder act of Azsombly spproved Aprll 0, 1669,.., 3,350,000 Amount of principal of Loves bonds vute standiog, Issued under set of Assembly approved March 23, 1871 veseren - evnseeees 2,033,028 Estltuate of principal of foating debi, come ’luuml of Auditor's warrants und Htale Weeasurer's certificates, which by law ara made reccivablo for oll tazos levied for 2,000,000 Total prineipal of Bate debt. $13,500,0:8 Accrued futerest (ealimated)sconeesaessnses.§ 4,200,000 $17,700,033 The tatal assessed value of the taxnble' prop- orty of the State is $85,000,000, probably one- hall the preacut fair cash vulue, The Garlaud party began operations by juserting in the now Coustitution the following : * The General As- werubly shull not have power to lovy Stato tazou for any one yoar to excecd, in the aggregate, 1 por cent of the asscasod valuation of tho prop- erty of the Sinte for that year,"—Arl, zvi., Ste. 8, Making deduction for levies uncollectable, it will be seen thas tho tolal awmount Lo be realized from thio utmost tax the Legislasuro can impouo ia inauflicient to meet the interest on the debt, even it the axEonlo- of tho State Governmont, which are to be pald out of that amount, bo rockoned at nothiug. 1t must have boen tho de- tormination then, a8 it ia now, Lhat tho debb AHOULD KOT L& PAID, though the policy of avowed iopudlation has been abandoued, and tho present schemo in for repudiation to tha oxtent of sbout G6¥§ por cent by the process of ‘**scaling’ the debt, ‘The Lrgialature, acting under tho new Constitution, proceeded to enact a law making the total layy 1 per cent, 314 willa of which s appropristed for payment of iuterest on the dobt. Next man passed an oct suapondiug for tho year 1675 tho law {mponing & penalty of 15 per cont for non- paywent of taxes. Tha natuial result is, that, a8 both tho Auditor and Troasurer of Hiate in- formed me, no taxes avo Lelng collecied, excant what aro pald on epcculation,—~wbich stoma- lous Hhusa, with a little explanation, will ba fouod only & triflo mors soomalous than would tho atatement that mome of tho heavlest real-osiate ownors in Clicago, on speculation, never pay any taxes, and ke money aud have their properly improved at the ozpouso of the small }u-upxlnmu. all by tax fighting. 1o Chicsgo, if current ropert bo cred- ited, lawyers take conlracta for oxempling proj orty from tazation, by defeating tho lovy; in Littls Rock, brokersmako coutracts for tho pay- wont of taxea at from 43 to 50 conts on the dollar, and pay them, and returu to thoir cus- tomer the Collector’s ofticial raceips fu full, The [mymunt 18 made iu the Btate scrip isaued under ho carpet-bag Administratious, of which, ac- cording to tho abovo statement furnished b Commissloner 'eavy, of the Financo Board, 2,000,000 is outstanding, or was when the col- lection of (axos (hi _{uu’ waa Legun, though othor cstimates put it at £1,700.000. Under & decision of then Chief-Justice McClure, tlie waa made roceivablo for taxes ; and the Garland Admiuistration, doubtlcss to avoid the odium which repudiation would Liave attracted, Ling not disturbed thas decision, unloss the lovy for pay- ment of the interuat ou tha dobt, 214 witls, 'll'my- able in greenbacks, can Le estsemed such. Yhis serip oW rates at U0 Lo 8334 couts on tho dullar, ut which figure tho bLroker buys it, an turns 6 uto the 'Ireasury at par for threo-fourths tho tuzes of his customars, ndding the remsining fourtl'in cost, = At tho lowest ey~ tinte, the amount outstanding i moro than aufiiciont to pay throo-fourths of all taxes that can bo levied and collectud for the years '75 and *76. 1y Bee, 11, Art, XYL, of the new Cotslitu- tlon, it is provided s ** No mouey srislng fiom a tax Joviced for any purpose suall’ bo used for auy othor purpose "' jso that, as Gov, Garlacd stated, W' prescnt Administration is LUNNING WITHOUT ANY MONEY " andon an owply ‘Froasury, which thure ssems listio proapecs of Leiug ollier thau emply duting Lis Aunuinistration. Upuu acecasion to powor, the Garland Admin- istration found a trilling amount 1 tho Y'reas. ury, iucluding, it is stated, about 10,000 bolonging to tho Legielative Fund, whicn sulliced for tho pay of the mombors,— feaviug in the neighborhood of 70,000 alt told, ‘whichi, uuder 1ho Counstitution, only bo applled tor (be speeitlo purpos: which levied, snd which remaius in thoe 'Tr now, ‘The publio achools wero closed ) tor for lack uf tundy, sud will roma! | closod noxt winter; aud, while oiargen aud recriminze tions a1e bauticd aa to who 1 respousiblo for this, tho moet notablo featuro about it iw, that nobody appenrs to yegand of the hehools " a o m:fucb‘ m‘:a! lamily as it would “bo refarded a3 being by the peopls of auy Stato north of the Olio Javer, Possbly Axkuuful bLay boen visited Ly 0 rainy calamisies that, now that the Hiato I about Lo tecover from most of them, Huspon- #loh of tha publio achools fur two years is cou- sidered ae rolatively & light matter, aud the poverly of the country, Incldent to tho crop. alluro of ast yeor, and tho past politieal dise turbances, s to bo urged iu extenuation, TUE BOLE RESOVUCE of tho Rate Guverument, a3 was stated to Tun Trtooxe correspondant by Goy, Gatland, is by sale of tho bonds authorized by the act eatal- Iilhlnfi:lha Btate Doard of Financa. That act provides for tha Issue of £2,500,000 thirty-yoar t-ner-cont bonda, exchangeable at par for the autstanding Btale mcrip,—warrants of the Auditor or B8tata Treasurer's cortlficatos, —or to bo goll for mcnoy; and ealo to bs mado ab not ‘leas than G0 [:el‘ centum of their par valuo,” Nono of the onds, kowever, are to Ls scld, oxcopt ta raiss funds ‘to dofray tho oxpeuses of iho Hiate Qovernment, and for that purpoge not o exceed £500,000 in nominal value iu any one year. A yot, not & dollar has been realized from tho ealo of thoso bon and thero asoms no pear prospeck of roalization of A dollar from this nale, sinca aliosver wauts them can gat thom at 3J1¢ cents on the dollar by buty- Ing the merip for which thoy sre oxeliangeablo, whilo the Finance Commissionora cannot make salo at less than GO conts on the dollar, which, if the tata credit bo worth anything, wonll soem & riinoos eacrifico at which to run the State Governmont evon for one yaar. County taxes—tha totsl fery belng limited by the Conntitution to 3¢ per centin for all pur- poses, exclusive of ‘payment of tho dobt—aro alao pald In cannly scrip, of whicl, it is roughly estimatod, thore {a ontatanding an sggregato for tho Btato of upwards of £3.000,000. An addl- tionat lovy of 3¢ per cent ta suthorized for pay- ment of tho” debt, which is alsv insufliciont for paymeut of tho {ntereat. Taking iuto considaration tlat not to exceed two-thirds of the fine cotton-iands sro under cultivation ; that tholeveo-honds of the Btato are being rodsemer in Btato landa; that, in (Lo natural ordor of eventa, immigration must very soon enormously dovelop tho resources and adil to the taxabla property,—all that s heard Lero from officiala and citizens about tho lnpossibility of over paying the debt (payment of the iuterest on whicli 1y loft unprovided for) can scarce be taken, with the uninterrupted prosperity now in proepect, as ather than tho preinde to the REPUDIATION OF TWO-TIINDS the whole amount, by the “rcaling™ process, Turther pointing in that direction is the estimata furnished by the Stats Doard of Finauce, that_(notwithsianding the fourishiug condition and ‘gensral prosperity oxpectad to follow the crop of this geason) “iho aj J;regllu valuation for purposos of tazation In 187G il not oxeced £80,000,000,"—a reduction of £5,000,- 008 from the present valuation, and a roduction of more than @ per cent Iv tho amount of tha Ktate revenues, by roason of tho constitn. tional provision {imiting the total levy to 1 per cont ou tho taxabla valuation, MannsTin. —_—— WOMAN’S WOES. To the Editor of The Clifcags Triduns: Auy one who reads current literature muat find bimself bowildered on the woman question, whon ha seos £ much controversy an sll sides, Hero i Dr. Clark, who pereists in sayiug, in apito of Mra, Howe, Anna Brackott, aud a scora of othars, that woman is being educated to doath. Whila thoso ladies ravo at him, without exciling bis ire, and aro calling him names, be- cause lie has boon 80 fudelicato as to trospans o corisln grounds, tho scientiio papers of the country rally to hls support. Thoy go still fur- ther, aud declars that o woman caumob ace copt tho oftice and dutics of matoraity, aud dovelop hor Lrain at tho samo time. Then Dr. Ely Van Do Warker comes to the front, and declaros that woman can nover succoed in tha professions, bocause sho is too sympathetic In uature; and, moreover, in uot toLe relied on for baving any partlcular nalurc at all, as her monlal powors are subject to perlodical clonds, varying from hystora and insanity down to slight falso colorings. Tho editor of the Fop- ular Science Monthiy, in tus February numbor, rejncts Jobn Btuart Bill as authority on the woman question, and thereforo caats into nse- fousneas biis great work ontbo **Bubjection of Woman," becanso Le was not a cciootisl, and did not write from the present standpoint of sciontificinvestigation. Alithesegenticmen speak with acalmnees that Beomatosyy, *What we don't Iinow js not worth knowing;” and their satellitcs look wiso and declare that ic must baso, Witla they are talking, suother class jsahout the couu- try gathering statistics. Theso wcll us co-educa~ tion {8 a fuilurs, and the American race is dying out becausoof the false education of its mothors. Aflcr this comes the cry (rom another quarter. Since woman i thus pushed from highor educa- tiou, and 8o from tho professions, Ly aciontifle gentlemon, auother class comcs lorward with a protest. lero is the cry, * Koop woman from the avonucs of businoss.”” Ouc ays sle Is tuo unrcliablo a8 & clork or compositor, Bho runs off and gels married when work 18 rushing o, or =stays at home to male a dress, or takes a rida with her beau, whon ahio 18 most neaded. Auother, more gal- lant than this specimen of tlo sterner sex, snys, “We mnen are sordid and mercenary onough; for God's sako keep women in a bighor avd more refloing sphero.” In this whirlpool of controvorsy and epposi- tlon, poor woman stands bewildered. With all thue strong lhit gathered luto & focus, and xed upon her dofenselesn head, she almost sinks bo- neath its force. Yos, even indomitabls woman is for & momont noupluseed. Bho beging to think that it is best to take hLer daugliters ont of scliool, and to apply herself to the making of shirts and the composition of puddings, as her grandmother did. Accordingly, we get news that, in Massachusotts, girls aiebelng withdiawn from tho nchools te an slarming extent; and, of courre, other Htates caunot lot Massachusetts got abend of them, The new era s dawniug, Married women attend more ditigontly than ever to thoir embroldery apnd their Uabtles, The daughters of woll-to-do men dive deeper futo the witchierics of flirtations and balls, gind to be let looso from thie thralldom of tho school-room, Hero wo pause, flaving ucttled tho question 88 t2 womau's sphere, no are met by the ques- tlon, What ara we to do with the poor working woman, whom uccessity keeps oub of Ler ";{yhom?" Thousands of factory-girls in the Now Longland Btates, thousands of clerks, thonsauus of teachors, all over tho country, hear this tolls, and Mred-looking oycs to our face and emilo fafutly. Oh! with them Jifo meany work. DBread comow to them after lard labor, They wust do drudgery or perish, Will pot our friands, who tallk the question over from all standpoints, toll us how theas wonien aro to Itve without the work which is mnklnfi thom sordid and merconary and 18 bringing desth to their womauhood #° It marriage is woman's ephero, will not our friends provide husbands for theso unfortunata npinsters all over the laud? A woman caunot got a husband, according to the present laws of society, without firat having a * pronossl.”” Buppose our friends set their brajus to work to find some means (ncientliic, of courso, Erarnrun) by which this erowd of women can 0 lod futo the state for which men say thoy wers dostined by tho laws of nature sud ro- ligion, Yerhaps Urigham Young has furnishod o good solution of the problem. It may not be out of placo to suggest a plan right hore: Men might rise en woase, sud form a wocloty for the promation of marriage, all taking a vow not to remaln in a state of wingle-bleesudnens for tho nincn of more thau «& yoar, if they are, or are likely to be, {u that condition, Then thucy mihs organize a stock company, the object of which would bes tho distubution of women over ths country, #o as ta bring them within roach of men in pinces whoro tliers ars pow fow of tho goutlersex, Afterthe marrisgoahad all beon cons summated according to agroement, the women who aro loft over might be gathered into o second Utah, 1ftha women ouject, o}l thom all this is according to the lateat dovelopments of Bcionce, U'hon give them a short locture about differentiation, onvironments, selection, or any other topic on which thoy are supposod to bo aqually:ignoraut, und they will succamb out of pure conviction, in the meantimo, wo walt for more on tho samo subjaot. Minnesora, they it their VAITING, Walltog{ FPor whit? Bhall L ever know o I.Eunl«u.l e seammcreeg drowily by atiesiag comess shaly 1 never Duow T was Lorn, and wiust live out iy s of woey "7 TIs the whols of my lifotime merely a pause *{'wizt my birth that was, aud iy death to be 7 Sust T always follow, sud uever La froe? Am1oulyemoct? Canlneverbecauso? Or am T but & link of the weariful chain 0f life, and tlio scqueucs of thitigs gune e/ 1 am forced to live, for I cannot die, Dut my lifo is empty aud all In val, Yet sometimea I Lear my apizil, elale At the thought of the glorlous deeds to be dons, Cry: “btrikel *Uis the time!" Duy iy anawer, oni Busll I evor know who?—whispers: Waiti ” pe! Bilence} Tt eannot ba Yope, for her volce s awest ) 1t fs not Dedjads, for 1 know ber well § T'fs 1lke the ceascleas druus of & kuell And wearios tho Lesrt with tmouotonuus beat, 8ball anolher voice sver whispee (o ma : & Awakol "Iiv tho hour | Go forward and aght | Thy prbation 13 exdud, and mpoteut niyls Has burst tnto dsy ! *—S0 aliall ack ine free 1 1 know not, I know tivk § this only I dread, ‘Slint, rre that vulce shall proclaiin that hour, Not ouly the will may be lost, but b poner, Aud 1 juay Lo cold with tho usmeless dsads —Chawberd' Journals THE FARM AND GARDEN. APest of the Orohard---The Flat-Head- ed Apple-Tree-Boror, Natural History and Agricnltnre=-The Stato Entomologlst, Rovolutionizing Agrioulture with Oaler- Willows—Raising Potatoes, How a Lady Got Plenty of Vegota- Dles. FLAT-EADED APPLE-TREE-DORYIL In relation to this deatructive inssct,—~Chryso- bothris Femorata (Fabriciun),—our sutomological correspondont, ** Adalla," writes ¢ Althongh the larva of this borer enters the troe in & eimilar manner to the round-hoaded boror, hitherto doseribed, tta habits are entirely differont,—the Iatter living nearty thran yoars in the treo, while the former—Femorala—romala ouly tsro at tha farthess, and by many ars aup- posed to remain only one year In tha tres, Tho eggn aro deposited by the femala the lat. tor part of May, or first of June, in the latitude of Pooris, Il., in the crovices of tho bark, or under looss Acales of the troes,—somotimes more than oue being found togethor. This beotls holongs to the family Buprestide, and may easily bo obaorved Lasking in the sunshine on the trunka of tho troes. Tho licad of this borer being wids and fiat, the hole is always rocdgnizod by ita peculiar ahape. 'The tail of the insact is always found curled np over the back. They aro very deatructive when saveral are found in one trec, as thoy somotimes glrdle the entiro trunk or fimb, Tha larva of the round-headed borer atlains & much larger sizo than ths one ‘wo are now de- scribing. Tho flat-beadod borer brosds roadily In decayed stumps, and is moro lisblo to Lo foundin diseased troes than in healthy ones, When about to transform, it always cutsa passage back to the outsids, leaving » thin covoring of bark ; then ratires, and, making 2 smooth cavity,chaumos to & chrysalis,—thus providing for itaclf an enay passage when just bLatched and weak; so the Jaws of the larva are much stronger ihan those of the bootls, sud it thus forms the possage for the oxit of the boctle from tho {ree; nnd, in threo nesks from the formation of the pupa, tha trus insect emerges from the tree through this proparad way. Tho beetlo Is of a groenish-black color above, with a brassy polish. Tho sizo varics consld- erably, and, to tho oys not educated to recognize them, they rosenibio other mombers of the samo family, so that otlier inaccts are ofton taken for this, It attacks the apple and the peach; and, besides, tho soft maple, ,oak, and othor forest- tices. To tha moft maplo especielly it causes oxtensive damage, somotimes riddling them througl and through, Hoap being offonsive to thia insact, it has beon much used as & preventivo to their attacks; but, siuca there insccta do not confine their depreda- tions to the trunks of trees, tho soap should also be aprlied to the largoer branches. The applica- tlon shounld be mado twice in the sonsou,—once toward tho eud of May, and ngnin in Jnl{ or Au- gust, DBesides belng obnoxious to the horer, it aleo is bonoficial in ridding the bark of mons, and leeping it smooth., It bas aleo beon found Dbenoficial to paint the troes with a mixtnra of soap and limo; and “Ihe Farm and Garden" would add, If carbolio sosp is used, or o Jittlo carbolic acid,—usay one part of impura ervatals to twonty of the koap,— 80 much the better, In cases so treated, tho laryr hava boen known to moke their way out, Ia}l to the ground, and perish, The presonce of ths young borer in easily de- tected by a discolored spot, the cracking of the bark, or & sawduat-like aphearance. If sxemined in tho summer, it will bo found djn»t goawrlog into tho tree, and can bo detected by a drop ot molsture exudiog from tho bark, o it may bo enanily oxtracted with & knifo, or,, botter, by means of a bont wire, TEORIA NATUIAL RISTONY BOCIETY, Peoria Lag made a movo in tha right direction. Thero aro many geutlomon and - Iadies of soicu- tific attalumenis there, and they bave organized a Nntural-listory Soolety, Among the membors aro_such individuals s Dr. Drendoll, L. II White, Dr. Ctispman, 8idusy Pulsifer, sud Dr. Blewart. Miss Lroma A. Srith is the Secre- tary, It 4 proposed to establish & Suinmor Setiool, and among tho branckes to be_taught witl he Zoology, Entomology, and Iotany. It I3 hope to sccure Prof. Iillay, who has glven wp Ilus Europoan trip, and possibly Dr. Packard, as instructors, Gos Why should there not_be_ such institutes in ev- ory considerable city? Thera will be, ons of thoso days, wa hopo, It formors would let slone that class of so- called Reform Coaventions whicli are run Ly hot-hoaded domagoguss,—by man who organizs raids on railroads, or, under the ery of * Down with the middlomon ! " intorfers with legitimato trado, whicli procedures always resot—to the dotriment of the producer; and would foy. tor” mocletios which seek ' to make kaown somothitig of destiuctive and benoficlal in- sects, birds, and animals, and allow to take back cate thoss demagogues who ate forover ratsing soma bue aud cry that shall assist them to bocumo Covernors of Btatos or Mombers of Congress, they would put monay iu thoir pockota, through tho knowing of sumothing moreof their own business ; of thous insects, eapecially, that aro depredating on their crops, aud costiug tho country ubtold millions yearly. Graugos, Parmors’ Clubs, and State Associa- tioun, are al) right. Tley have done much novls work, If, Lowever, thoy intend lo undertalie the manufacturing of inplemeuts and machinery, and buy and sell everything within themselves, why, then, thoss who Liava herstofore basn do- ing this work must go to farming, Whera the great power of Granges, and kindred organiza- tionw, lies, is iniuatituting reform whore nooded, and not 1n making good, fat places, with fay salaries, for those who often Lave failod iu mau- (ng thicir own business, but do the monipulat- }ug of tho Hucictiss, or act a5 tho agents theto- or. ILLINOIA STATE ENTOMOLOOIST, We understand that Cyrus Thowns, of Mur- physboro, has boen confirmed as Stato Entomol- ogist. Good sgainl Ho bas beon a practical vorker. We think ho will labor to inveatigsta thio Lnbita of jusects injurious and benoticial to yegotation, and give unsuch hints as ha may, for tho extermination of tha formor, aud the prosorvation of the latter claas, 1t we ouly caun have a well-defiuod statement of tho habits and characteristics of mach, and only such, iusocts as aro benetlalal or injurious, and the nieaus for thelr preservation or destrie- tion, na tho case may be, how to carry out the dolnils will soon supggent itsclf to some of the wany enltivatora whio will Lo consiaatly ou tho watch, Forinatance, Dr, Hull'vaud Dr, lansom's metheds, comblued, are & sure proventive of the ouroulio; the plan of wrapping tho trunks of trees with cioth, or thefasteningof twoshingles togother ln proper positions on tho trees, will trap tha codling-moth ; and so of tho many do- vices and plans for dostroylng varions noxlous iusecta. 'Comparatively fow of theso have been the discovory of scicutillo entomologiats, but hiave grown out of their investigativns, mado publio through the press. When our Htate En- tomologista learn—as many of thom do know and practice—that $hoy sre paid for tho wveatigation of certain olasses of iuwects iu particular, and nat for tho study of inscots ingeneral, they may save the country withons of dollars annually, Thoy :ro doivg well, and the paoplo can atiord Lo waits 03JER-WILLOWS AND CUTTINCS, According to & contemporary journal, Com- missiouer \atts, of the Agricultural Depart. ment at Washington, {s #ald "to Lavo beon, for the last two or tlgeo yonrs, invostigating the subject of osier-willows, and the iutcresis cone nected with thelr caltivation, o {s alsa sud ta Lo preparing to supply cuttings of variotiea of }Ju moat valuabls foreign kiuds, for propa- ation, . ‘Where will hoe get hia unllhgfiu? or any of one respectablo uurserymon? Why not? Thoy all hiave the most.valuable foreign kinds,—havo bad for yoars,—and can supply them diiect to whomeoavor the Commissiouer deaigus favor- {ug with them, and far cheuper than tha Dopars- ment can jmport them. In fxct, sonio of the more delicate kinds, sdapted to flue work, aro udiganoun to the low ridges and sloughe next Lake Miohigan, in Illinols aud Indiaus, When it comea to the quostion of qrnwlng then for profit, that is auottier thing, Leoliug thein by hand 4 » slow and expourive process, ‘with our expensive labor. ‘Tho thing hss boen tried, and Liss failed, near Chicago aud in other ortious of the West. Machives for peeling ave Leon {nvented ; but these, wo boliove, have not worked eatisfactonly. Thoso who raport tho incamo at $100 to 8125 por acze, aud tha cost of cultivatlon at only §20, do not take into consldaration the gost of cute Ung, handling, atoring, sosking, and paeling, Itia tene wo Import over 250,000 worth of willows avary yoar, and also &30,000 worth of witiow-waro; but it fs not becausa wa linve not tried to compete with choap European labor in tholr preparation, nor beeanno our nuraerymon bave nat outtings of Salix Viminalis, Purpurea, and othor good vatieties, to dispono of. 'Thoy have them, and would probably ba glad to sell thiem as low as 83 per thousand, 'I'hora are, of coutss, quantities of low land smted to tha cultivation 1 80 also tharo Is plonty of land suitod to tha cultivatian of the mulberry for.silk-worma ; but, agaly, wo don't supposa tlis cauntry i golug orazy onca more aver tha culti- vation of Sallz viminalis or AMorus mullicanlis. The uchamo {s about on a par with the rara yeg- slable and fiower soous sont out from tho Do« partimont aach year throngh our Congrosnman, aud which—tha seeds, not the Congressmon— may bo hnd of auy respectabla seedsman, at from G to 10 centa a'pagkage, Thls puin us 1o mnd that we recelved a print- ed eircular, noma tlma slucs, from the Depart- mont, which, among other things, infoumed *The Farm and Garden * that it nead not apply for ecodw, Well, wa: had not dona ao, nor o we intend to, ero ara tlstity of respeclablo socdsmon who meko it a lagitimato bLusiness to grow tho ordinary amd extraordinary varlatlos for sale ; aud we dton't jutond to cheat tham by bogging the identleal kinds from tha Govein- wont sood-storo, TLANTING POTATOTS, A correspondant near Lilucoln, Neb., aska: *1ow shnll I proceed to got tha best remults from o trop of potatoes,—the bullk of tha scod boing Liarly Rosa und Yonclibilow, tha roxt moms of the nower worta? What land would be pref- crable? ~Can tho crop be raisod without haud- hosing 2" ete, 'I'ha bast ponaible Aol for potatoes is 1and from which the timber has been tnkan ¢ the uext bost, now land, tho second or third year from bronks Ing. After that, a clovor pod plowod and hur- rowed until it is protty well broken dowun, If you wane to get the most buslels from a givon quantity of sood, oheck tho land 3 by 3 fact Loth ways, and (Irur a mingle oye, cut from lurgo potatoes, in each cheek, If you want to gel tho most potatoos from s given plecs of land, drop two plecos in the checks; or, il varictiea with dwarf or modium tops, mark your and, if rich, 3y 8 feot, puuting two piceas i oagh clicck. There 48 no need of hand-hoeing on land in {;nc:l condition, and or- dinary clean. Tlow tho land thoroughly, harrow, aud mark, as herotofore directod, with & common sled-nhaped corn-warkor, the nhoon 3 feet apart, Dieen the potatoos, stoppmg lightly on each pioco, Cover ubout 4 or & Incbos doop, with & horso-hoe, or ridging plane, leaving tha soil na light na posaiblo. Ho soon ns weeds show thomsslves, drag lengthiwiso of the rows with a light barrow, or, if you have not that, thon with a hoavy ano turied upsmda down, lu u day or two, riaga again with the horse-hoo, Just as tlie potatoos ara coming up, or beforo it woods appear, harrow again, with the hairow upside down, ths way of tho rows, or run o 454 scanthing alony the rowa, I'he first timo you plow your potatoes, work acroas tho ridges, “aud so work both ways,—al- ways with the horsc-hoo, or ridging plane,— until the potataes are readr to blossom. After that, it is belter to coara cultivating ; at loast, no mors earth should be givon thens, It tho CQoloratdo beetle appears, uwe Parls- groen and plastor.—say three peciis of plaster to one pound of pure Paris-green, 'Cha plastor ts an excotlent application for tho crop, aud also a good divisor for the Patis-gicen. In thi way you should raiss potatocs of the best quality, and at & minimum cost, g ' A FARMER LEARNA OARDENING, Men wou't work a ** garden.” Ho sald a lady some yoars aince, with whom we wero ialking on gardoving. llow, thon, suid wo, do you get your vegetables 7 ** Woll, we buy them, what wo do get—It isun’c many, thougl. I would not mind working in the garden myself, it 1 ouly kuow how," ‘I'hs enslest thing in thoe world, said we, to her, —naming two or threo Looks relating to the sub- Ject. The men would plow the ground and liar- row it, certainly : and, aftor the lirst neason, yon will vecome a protty guod gardener. Fotliaps tho mon-folky are troubled mith what you weroe complaining of : Don't know Liow, “ On, no; it cannot be thut," replied our fair friend. ** Meri know overything 3 at least thoy know how to kosp ont of the parden, although thoy dcnrly liko nico vogotnbles," ** Well,”” wa answorod, *'do you coax ona of thosa lords of creation to plos aud harrow tha garden, take care of it youreelf, and lila tha hard work done, You will bo surprised how aim- lo & thing gardening Is whon you once kunw ow, Wo have s roecipe for making mon bka gardenlog, and wilt toll it to you if you will promise nover to montion it.” #Uh! certainty not, What Ia it 7" Well, cultivate s garden by hook or erook ; have plenty of radislies, lottuco, boets, turniys, celery, egp-plant, tomatoos, otc.; plant also utrawberries and other small fruita ; and got tha men used to oxpecting vogotables ayory dav. Thon noxt apring, show thens how much comfort and enjoyment Lhey have had; how much has boon saved to tho family ; then lament that yon Linve 8o much work to do that yon cannot poesl- bly undertako tho gordon agalu this year; say, *41f now I could only have a_tnan ons or twe davs tn & weck, through April, May, and June, to do the hardest waik, I conld superiutoud the garden onsily, and do much wmyself. And only eo how auch bealth and enjoyment wo shail havo,” When you got iha ’)mml!o. keep the man to work, and chow results, 1f, however, the lard of croation will not listen to reason, let him go without tlie nica vegutables and coaling fruits one scason, aud Lo will ecaslly liston tu reason tho noxt, Woeil, thu plan was tried, and, fortunately for tho husband, Le saw the pawt, and without covil. To-day ho Is not ouly s first-class farmer, but 8 good gardoner as woll ; aud oue may al- ways {ind on the (nm(ly-uLln plensy of friuts and vegatables in aoason, L 2. ey Victor Fiugo on Women’s Righte. The Soclety for the Improvement of the Con- ditton of Womnon have sent an addross to Victor Hago, appeallng to bim, in the name of right, to lend thom tho utd of his valuablo voice, The post rephosin tho following charactorintic lei tor: Mreapames: I have recolved your address, which docs me houor, £ s aware of your noble aud legitimate domands, In our soclaty, such #3 1t has becn made woman woffers.” Sho is riglit to clain & bolter fate. I mysolf am vuhy [3 conacionce, Lut I understand your rights, sod to obtain them is ous of tho dutics of my lifs, You are, therofore, not wrong to roly on my good-witl and nssistance. blan was tho problem of tho elghtoentls contury ; woman is the problem of the ninoteenth. And who says woman, says clild—tuat is, tho future. The question thus put nppoars in all its profundity, and ou 1is solution dr}:endu the fatoof tho sunicma social battle, ‘What a strange nud auomalous situation | - In reality, man donends ou you, for woman holda the hieatt of man. Nefora Lhe law sho in a mivor, iucauable, without civil action, without political right—in short, ss is nothing ; before tis fam- ily altar slie ia overything, because ahe is the mother, ‘The domortio hearth js what she muked ib 3 at loms she s the wmistress of pood and ill, dovoreiguty complicatest by oppression ; woman ean do ail sgainst man but uothing for horaclf. Itis imprudeut of tho law to make Ler #0 weak whon sho is so stroug. Lot us recog- ulze that woalweas and protoct It ; lot us recog- nize that strength and counselit, ‘Uhora lica thoduty of man, and there s alo hia intorest. No, I ehall nover coasa to say it, tha problom1s Jaid down and it must bo solved, Blio who bours half the burdon ought to havo half the right. Half of tho buman raco is doprived of cqublity ; It must bo glven to them, Thiy will bo one of tho grand gloriea of our grand contury, Let the right of woman counterbalanco tho night of man ~—that 4 to pay, let the lawa be placed in con- formity with $ho morals and manners of the country. Acoept, mesdames, my rospecta, Enain. ‘The rrolpee!nn of tha now Tueslan ralla Joan (the Economiat nylf mentions certalu raifs ways for whose coustruction tho mouey is to bo raiéad, which may perbaps come to bave another dircct iusersut for this couutry apars from that now auggeated. It scoma possible from the prog. ro.s of ovauts thut the ralways In questlon may come to form part of the first through railway between Westorn Zurope and India, “U'his is ed. eclally tho case with the Rostov-Viadikavkay ino, which waa in tho programme of the prog- pectus of tho 1873 loan ar woll as inthe present proapecius, and with which we, thorofors, sup- pose wowd progress ins alroady boen wmade, so llnl its completion Is now only & queation of a camparativoly short time., A glancs at the map will show thiat {Uis luo will exteud tho rallway system of Europo to the Caucasian rangent a polut only a very short distance from Tiflls, and tnuch ucarer to Indis than tho extrome esstorn torininug of any otlior extenslon of the European tallway systeni, llostor (s already connceted with the notwork of railways in Bouthern lusala, which are In_turn oonnecta:l lhmnfih Itoumania, nd Ttussian Poland withs the railnays of Aul aud Germany, The extenslon from Ilontov to Visdikavluz, to bo ehorily, we may asuumo, furthior oxtzuded to 'illiy, thus briegy tho outira Eadioponn kyatem Into comumunieation with a point on the Aslatio frautler which Is the nearoul Lo Lndia of any poiut whern the two con- tinonts of Luropo and Asismeot, The distances by a1, do Losuaps' route throngh Central Asis are ouormous, compared with wiat roquives to b oyercowo on the Tulis souto; sad as xogards e —— tho only ather compating ronte, viz.: by w7y of Constatitinaplo. nut anly i Constantinoplo Iie)p nora distane from India than Lillia fa, lut 1 connection betwean Gonstautinople and the raf). way ayalem of Austria ia yet incomploto, ang s not liliely to_ha my moon complotarl s tha Ruya ftan fino' to Viadikavkaz, ‘Tho rallway routs Lo India by wav of Russia and il will therelorg offar itarlt firnt for comuletion, and when onea tho oxtontion Lo Tiflis b vomoletod, wn alioulq think that the idea of bridging ovor tho interval :mtamm Tifis and Indis will forco iisslf Ol abe ention. —_— A CRAZY HORSE, A Menithy Mlooded flors: Manifesty Symiptoms of Meutal Abercation, Mt, Lotta (Ziobe, Ono of the most curlous oanca ever kn and ono that wiil teud to ravolutionze some of the precouceivod uotions concernlug brute tn- telligeuce, hagcome to light Iu this city. ‘1 would appear that the aflliction that Las Tallen uvon tho head of ona unfoitunaie liorse Iy dos. tined to open & uow window in the rasims of [ nnuo,lumll':olflnl;x':l the \mlkn of paychulopival re. search with light upan that mooted quostis Inlfllnut 2)‘1 the I.mx!mi i e About threa months ago the firm of 0, 17, Aliott & Co, purchasod for wso in thelr lh'cr’;. stable on Iilm streot, noar ‘Third, a fino-looking Llack ntallion, for which they paid €600, Tho animal is & magnitivent spocimon of hordefloshy, Hoatands fliteon handa and an fnch high, is now abont 10 years of _nge, and csme from Vore tnt live years azo, Ho was connttlored ono of tho Bueat buggy drivera sver kopt on livory in thie Wost, and enjayed tho reputation of o d-onnuto hores, Hia site was Dave Ihil'y Dlacic Hawle,” of Vormout, and, taken aif in ali, tho Mewnrs. Bhort found they had sccuted quite an acquisition to their stock. Tho horso wag cated for and treated as a horso of sualt valys atways in, and, though driven enough to kosp hitn well exerctacd, ho way Imta.hlluufurlmlldlcd recklessly, Ilis health wan and st(ll is cxcollont, Uis appotite lias uot beon ab all fmpaired, Hig cont 18 an sleck and glosay as it over was, and Lg i3 as full and roundod asm hin padwiest dars, Physlenlly the horso is ail that could bo do- wnuded of horso-flerh, Lour weoky ngo, cortaln peculiarltios in hiy domennor attracted attention, It is nupossible to deseribo those pocutiarities, but in horecg watchod no carefitlly and atended 8o rozularly they excited somo eommant, Mr., 8lort ex. amined the Lorse, and was puzzled, Iu wind, limb, and appotitc Lie was as soutid a8 & now dols lar; but; forn horae, he manifonted mora idio- syneraclos and cccontricltics than Lorwoflesh had aver betrayed beforo. Somotimen Lo would stiffen atl his imbs and contract his musclos, and stand for five minutes like a bronze ntatue, Somotimen e would drop down on his foro kncos, sud, eluking his bond down botweon hin lega: rowain in that uncomfortable position for suy- cral minutes, Inshing tho air with Lis tml, A¢ other thmea o would throw his liead up, aud oponing Lis mouth o ita widest capacity would shako all over, Of courag, the fmpression wuy that Lie was in pafn, but it looked 8o much like a downright, jolly, good horse taugh that thosg who atuod by would Inugh {n sympathy. A later symptomn wna tho manifeatation of au fucline. tion to get ouo foro foot into his manger. Ilic loga wero tiod togethior at the anklen, but lie roe fused Lo ent until ho had beon untied. Then he would imitato the molion of tha rocking-hotue, balancing himsolt altornatoly ou his fore aud hind logs, Mr. Bhiort sras bowildered, Ifers was o new disesso to Lim, breaking ount in his atable, whellier infectious ornot‘iw biad no_fdes, Ho looked belplessiy around upon the lundred or mara stalls and their contouts, and began to nreuulntn upon the offect tf his lundred antmals should becomo shinifarly afllicted, T'hen be gave the causn of his bowildormont an extra li{lck in tho ribs, and thou sent out for Loraston, They camo in crowds, and they came frow ail diraz:fons, to oxamine tho phenowenon, They pulled bis mouth opon, looknd {u, and shook thelr heads, ‘I'hey pulled his oyes opon, snd ehouk thoir hoads, Thoy poked him from the root of his neck to the stump of hiy tail, and eliook thelr heads. They litted up hiy four hoofw, ‘ono aftor tho other, aud shook their heads, And then they all looked at each oltier aud ehooi their Leads, Tho Lorso was in perfect hoalth, they all sgroed upon that. thoe most minute inveatigation a hores ever wont through failed to reveal any Lodily dige onso, Linally, an old follow delivoied hia oviuion : *'Shouldn't wonder of the durped hoss was crazy. ‘Lhen they alt foll back four or ‘five foet and watchied Lim, % It wmay bo that the oxistencs of reasoning Tacultles ata esrential to support {nesulty, bug if that In the cane, tlie oxistence of tho reazon ing Iwenltion in tho mind of the horee in na lunger debatable. For that horso s e clearly und unmistakably {beano a0 tha liorsomen guy) as was ever » humau being. In tbelr viow it th as clear a case of mental aberra. tlon ns has ever been kouvwn, aud thoy are now walching the * case ' with more intorest than oyon they ever mnuifosted in & horso bofore. During yenterday quito a uumber uf peopls vleitod tho atablos, and wore pormittod Lo oxamn= ine tho horse. 'I'd-dav a sort of s cauous of pros fennionals will ba held on him, and nu oifort will bo mado to locale ths difticulty. Advertising in Paris, + London L'nes, s NMowhera Is the systom of tomplig the pnbla tu Ity baitor, or, rathor, mors fully, carriod oub tiran m Parls, Many of the nowspapers suglo 1ot fredh subseribors by aunouncing presonts of wiatchios, albums, and clicap jewelsy n oxchungo for a your's subscripiion pald in sdvance. Oth- ors aunounco that they have mato special are Taugementy with various tradcsmon, who will supply theiz clionts with articles at prices which ara considerably roduced, or, 1f we aro to Loliova tha advertisemonts, below market value. Tha Inrge mliops of DParis adopt the esmo line of bosiness, and prosents of all kinds, from pieces of musla to sir balloons, are offered tu the peopla who datly throng the stupocudous establlshmonts whoso heavily-laden carts meot the eys in overy cone cefvablo place, One oatablishmont of this kiud, intent upon outstripping all ite rivals, comne biuea tho Olub with its more commercial object. In it 18 to be found » room nhoro light refiesh- meuts, such as sirops aud cakes, are gratiutouse ly distributed, sud so rigorously {8 tho ruls en- forced that aven the waiters rofuse to acoopt any sort of remuuoration. For the convenienco of thosa unfortunate mals escorls who are fuveigled to lho{x with Jadies tho _ propristors have Loughtfully pro. vided ~ comfortuble reading aud " billiard rooms. It is, porbaps, necdless to say that tho placa is erowded from morning Ll night with many cuetomos, and not a fow unscrupulous forclgners who noglect to qualify themselves by purehases for admisslon into tho gratultous part of ths cutavtishmeut. ‘“Ilow can tho shopa aiford it #"' Is o common queation with strangors who aro continually mooting with somo now proof of this syaten of gifts. A little rofleo- ton will supply tho auswer, It ls meroly a syse tem of advertising under suother furm'lo ihat i vogue in England and ofsevhiors, In Irauce thoss monster placards whicth disfiguro tho streots of Londou are nut fo bo soen § saudwiclh men do uot circulato lhmng‘x Daring aud the only atlractive notices are thoso exhibited” by tho Klosques on tho Loulevards, though the bare sides of honucs aro occasionally ndorued with tho sdvertismg frose coca of certuin tailors and clothlers, A uowse lwmr in yance does uat dopead upon its advor ivemouts in the samo way as doos an English journal, and the mrnagers are only too glad to cko out their apaco by gratultously Insertivg tho programmes of tho varloun theatres and amnse mente, French poople would much rather read the feullieton of a vowspaper thau it advertiso. suents, llouce tho gifi syston of the radces veoplo, 'ho dircctious of Lho various news- papora know that to proolaim tho cironiation or tho sizs of tholr organs would nob fufluence tha mind of the public, ‘ louce the journallutic g1t ayatons, The papors most advertised tu Parlaaro not Kroncly, but Eoglish, and the shops which draw atteution ta themselves If thoy do not bos long at loaat appoal to our nation, "Both uowse papers and trxdeapoople, In fact, prefor oral to vcular uotarioty, bocause they knaw that, in Trauco, to Lo talked nbout 18 avoryshing., Oue D'aris nowapapor Line, it18 truo, lutely adopted a weelly sysionm of sdvortisemonts moro in con- fornuty with thoso of an Enfillun Journsl ; but this tinovation hos exclted tho wrath of sn Ul- {ramontanc oryan and tho thunders of varioud eccleniautical digmtarios, for both duclurs tho pelites corresponddances, or personal advertisos waouts, to ba fraught with daugor to publio wo~ rality, sud an Avchblaliop, in a lettor publishvd to-day, lins not scruplod to inaltuate that the di- réctols of such an euterpiise aro wolves lo shoop's clutuing, An Original Fish Story. Tho Cooparstown (N. Y.) Freeman's Journad says: *'Asthe Chairmou ot {he Fieh Commwite teo aw just put in an sppearauce at Coopets~ town, wo call Lis attontion o a curious woedo of fleh-hntching eald to Lo followed in Chuns, avivg collocied tho nocessary spawa from the water's odye, the flsherman placos 8 vortain quantity in ou empty hen's egg, which fs sealed up with wax and pub uvd:r the smitting ben, After somo days thoy broak the ogg, and ewpty tho fry iuto waler woll warmeéd by the sun, aud tuere wuzse (hem until they sre nu.mlmuy strong ta be turued fute & lake or Zived: