Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 1, 1875, Page 8

8 TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RATES OF SURBCRIPTION (TAYADLX IN ADYAXCR), Fostage Urepald at this Ofice. o8 1.0 sent free, To provest del ina in full, including Stats and County. Oftce srder, ot in 1 ered letters, at uwr risk, TERMS TO CITY BURSCNIRENY, Dally, delivered, Sunday excepted, 23 conta per week. Dally, delivered, Bundey Included, 30) cents par wooke THE TRIBUNR COMPANY, 8., Ublcago, Ll TODAY'S AMUSEMENTS. ACADRMY OF MUSIC~Halsted strrot, betwasn Mad- ion and Monros. Engagementof the Emily Boldsne Troupa. Afteravot, ** Ganevisve De Brabint." Evening, * Ghilperto," M'VICKKR'S THEATRE-) Dearbora and 8tate. Engagement of M jtehell. Afternocn, * Jane Eyre,” Evening, ** Pearl of Savor." betmeen ADELPHI THRATRF—Deathiorn strest, corner Mon. roo. Varisty entertainment. Aflternoon and evening. HOOLEY'R THEATRE-Randolnh streat, between Markant Lafalle. Afternoon, *' Monte Cristo, Even- 1o, Farawell performance. QGRAND OPERA-HOUSE—Clatk strest, oppaslte Ehermsn Hoass, Kayne, Hall & Wambold's Minatrels, Altornoon and evening, EXPOSITION RUILDING-lake BShore, food of Adamustreel. Exhibition of Paintings. MCcCORMICK HATLL~North Clark stfet, corner Kin. zte. Conoert by the Thomas Orchestrs. Afternoon and erentag. The Chitagd Teibune, Baturday Morning, May 1, 1875. WITH SUPPLEMENT. 1t trnuspires that the treaty violation which Coonda complains of was a matter of tin, and not of fish, aud that under our delectablo tarif system the fish-producing inter- ests of tho Unitod States ore protect- ed from ruinous competition with pauper Inbor by the imposition of a tariff, not upon preserved firh, which would bo a violation of the Washington treaty, but upon the tin cans which contain the fish. Surely the people of the Dominion cught to be eatisfied with such nn oxplanation, and hereaftor keop their tin cans and fish separate. At & meeting lnst night of Irish-American citizens of Chicago, tha frauds perpetrated nt tho rocent so-called election wero do- nounced in sovera terms, “ond & resolution wns adopted embodying an urgent request that oll Irish-American citizens ottend the 1nass-meoting noxt Monday evening, and by their prosence and participation to placo themselves on tho side of free and fair clec. tions, This’ joint denuncintion and sppeal is especinlly significant, coming, as it does,|from come of tho best men of Chicogo, men who Loenly feel tho odium cnst upon the Irish- American elemont by tho misdeeds of the un- serupulous snd corrupt politicians and offico- Lolders who incited and svperintended the wholesale bsllot-box stufling of April 23, » The embryonic grasshopper is having a sorious time in Minnesota. Numerous re- ports are rccoived going to show that the savere wintor, though beoring hard on the sufferers from Inst yonr's devastations of the pest, has st the ssme time proved s grent blessing in that it Lias 6o frozen up the myri. wds of egga deposited by tho insocts that the power to gor:ninate hoa been lost. Another enemy of the ’hopper has made its appenr- auce in the slape of an entircly new specics of worm, which is said to live and thrive on these eggs, aud which is fmproving its brief period of existence by waxing faton this peculiar fodder, This last fact is only anothor exemplification of the eternal fitnoss of things, snd fully sustaining the poet’s theory, that 4 all flons have other fleas to bite em, and &0 on, ad inflndium. " ' It is o ratber smusing fenture of the Black Mills maoia that while in ona direction the United Btates cavalry is renching out and gothering in the disgusted miners on route for the Hills and gending thom back, in an- other diraction other expeditions are moving towards the supposed gold country only to roceive the rame treatment. All this iy nico for-Bloux Qity. What it does not get ont of thom going forward it sceures when they re- tarn ot the pressing invitation of the Gov- crnment, It is very fortunate, however, that the gold-hunters find their progress inter- coptod by the Government troops and not by the Sionx Indians, who are on the war-pnth and not in the trausportation business, There would bo very little amusement in the situation wera they to fall into the clutches of the present owners of the Black Hills, who ‘would in all probability forget to send them back, Another important stage of the Brromen trinl was ronohed yesterday, 'The case for the dofense was rested, withont the introduc. tion of Mrs. TiLTon 88 a witnoss, though the counsel for the plaintiff had signified o per- foct willingness to walve the lega difficultios in the motter and admit her and mistakes, be sure and giv Post. e eithar by draft, sxpress, Post- closing at $1.26 for May. Hogs wero activo ond unchanged, Sales at $7.15@9.00. The cattle trads waa nctivo, at wenk and frregular prices, “Shieop were in light demand and sold a shada lowe re—— Certain remarks by 3fr. HEXRY Greexe. BAUY, in which he rolated his personsl ox- perience in conncction with urging the pas- sngo of n horse-railway ordinance by the Com- mon Council, and tho statement that it was plainly intimated to him that the judicious use of money wonld greatly facilitate the suc- cess of the mensure, were the oceasion lnst night of considernble commotion in the Council. Of course thers were deninls that Lribes were **solicited " of Mr. GREENEBAUM and doubtless the doninla are true, ns every- body knows that Aldormen have a faculty of mignificant suggestion which docs quits ag well as blunt solicitation, and is nothing like so dangerous, The indignant resolve to Inflict upon Mr. GREENEDAUM the consequences of his truth-spenking assnmed a ludicrous form in the introduction, by Ald. CusrenToy, of an ordinanco roponling tho stroet-railway franchise in quostionl We beg tha Conneil to pauss and reflact upon the consequences of such apolicy. If every per- son in Chicago who entertains a contempt for thie Common Council, and who expresses his sentimonts after the fashion of Mr, GnEeNE. pAUlL, wers to be punished in the same way, thie amount of repenling involved would keep the virtuons and sensitive ring majority busy for the noxt ten yenrs; there would be no or- dinances, orders, resolutions, ete., left upon tho City Clerk's records. We hope the Alder- men will think better of it, nnd try some other mothod of visiting revenge upon citi- zons who despise them. OUR PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE. Tho New York World, in a malicious and spiteful articla entitled *Chicago and the Underwriters,” sceks to make the impression that Chicago is doing and has dono mnothing to rendor itself safe from largely destruetive conflagrations, with the evidont intention to projudice the investment of insurance capital hero. The article abounds with errors and misstatemonts, and the general spirit of it socms to bave been inspired by Gen, Smarzr s o compensation for his disappointments in his efforts to lond down the city with an enor- mous debt and the prosecution of his doubt- ful reforms. Tho World says in answer to Tae Trinuxe's statement, that whilethe fire limits have boen extended over the entire city, *‘wooden buildings are erected without regard to the fivo limits,” This is & direct and sweeping falschood, from whatever source it may have emanated. No wooden buildings have been erocted sinos the fire ordinance was passod. On the other hand, saveral thonsands of brick buildings bave beon built, and many hun- dreds of frame buildings have been moved away, ontside the fire limits, or have been torn down to mnke room for brick and stone structurcs. Agnin the World says: ** A great deal of large pipe has been laid to replace smaller pipo in the business district. Largo pipes without a plentiful supply of water and a suflicient force of men and apparntus to use it are not voluable means of preventing large fires, and at present Chicngo has noither of theso.” 'This, too, is A gross misstate. ment. Chicago has a much better water-sup- ply than ever before. The four large en- gines at the Water-Works have an immense capacity, as bas been abundantly shown in the sovere test of last winter, and are fully up to the eapacity of the water-pipes, Again the World says: ** A sccond tunnel now ex- tonds dingonally under the city for a distance of 4 miles, This is useful in some degree now, and will be very valuable when the pumping works ave erected, but during the six, or twelve, or eightcen months to iuter- vene, not much reliance can be placed upon this as a proventive to fires.” This again displays o romarknblo degree of igmorunco and perversion of facts, The new pumping works are being built a3 fast as possible; and, in addition to this, during the last year, nine. teen fire wella tap the subterranesn tunnel in different paris of tha city, in which the water rises within 8 or 10 fect of the surface, and which can be drawn from without regard to the pumping works at all. Had the city been provided with these wells nt the tima of the great fire, it is doubtful whether the destrne- tion of the Water-Works would have involved such wide-spread calamity as it did. The rest of the nrticle is devoted to belittling what las been done in Chicago with refer- ence to the protection of tho city, The World saya: * New water-works aro con- structing. Cortainly thoy are not usefal until completed.” This iz an opinion wor- thy of Bunssr., The works will bo ready for the ongines ns soon as the ongines can be completed snd made reedy to be placed in thom, The World furthor belittles the extension of the sowerago system, the ercction of stand-pipes, place- ment of iron shutters, and metal cornices,tho improvomanta in the Fire Department and it supplies. The annual report of the Fire Marshal, printed in tho Inst issue of Tme Trmune, furnishes s sufficient reply to the nspersions cast upon the city by this reckless nawspaper, Without alluding to tho miles of small pipé- which have been Iajd in tho outskirts of tho city, the report shows testimony by mutanl consent. Tho refusal that, in round numbers, 12} miles of G.inch, of Mr, Beecnen's lawyera to call Mra, Tiuton to the stand was & genuine surpriss all ground, her appearauce in the caso having been confidontly expected by the publie, who will hardly ngree with Mr, Evants that her festimony wns not meedod ini | 8Y% miles Her rejoction will be commented upon unfavorably, notso much | Mment through eny doubt that she would corfinn Afr, Bzecarn's bebalf, 14 miles of 8-inch, 5 miles $f 12-inch, 13} miles of 16-fuch, and 1} miles of 24-inch pipo have been laid within the year—a total of about 86 miles, which, added to that already loid, shows that thore aro now of pipe in use in this With regard to the Firo Depart~ itself, which the TWorld attempts to belittle, the report shows that the appa oity. the defendant's donialaof guilt, for dverybody | 78tw comprisoa 31 atonm firo-ongines, 27stoam sxpacted this, but chiefly because of o beliet | heaters, 23 two-wheol nttonding bLoco-carts, & that eho bue been kopt back to evold four-wheel hose.carta ; 5 chomical ongines, 8 opening tho door to the confessions she is allegod to hiave mado to Mrs, Stanron, Miss Axrnony, aud others. Upon this assumption, the gencral sentiment will be that by refus fendant's counsel have favored her at the ex. pense of their client, ——e The Ohieago produce markets wors very ir- regnlar yeatorday, 13less pork wns more active andadvaaced 250 perbrl, closing weakat 21,90 | lusion to tho existing state of things, but leaves its renders to infer that the material of und 16¢ per 100 e lower, closing ot $15.45 | the Fire Department conslsts of the pur- chases whish have boen made since July lnst, Boats were dull and easier, scilers asking | whereas thero is but one city in this conntry 8}c for shoulders, 11j¢ for short ribs, and 1240 for short clears. Lako freights wbre dull and | danger of firo as Chicago. In addition to £rm at 8j@4o for corn to Buffalo, High. wines were quiet and firm at §1.14 per gallon, | increases do not ropresent an entire year, but only the nine months which have elapsed ‘We sub. cash, and §u2.20 for June, @16.50 cash, and $156.05@15.70 for June. Flour was more active and ateady, SL0s@LOT. Lard was dull Wheat was excited and 1o higher, closing weal at §1.04 cash, and $1.074 for June. Corn Was | mit another fact to the World, namely, that active and irregrular, closing §o lower, at 7530 | since theinauguration of thess veforms in the eash, and 70}o for June, Oats were moder. | Dopartment, commencing after tho fire of last ately active and declined jo, closing at 02j0 | yoar, Chicago has not had a single severe fize, oadh, and 68jc for Juns. Rye was qulot at | except at Wanv's glus fatory, altbough the Bauley was dull, but Armez, | total number of Bres wes 413, showing thal hook and ladder trucks, 1,842 foet of ladder, " | exhibits n materisl increase yoar. How grossly tho since tlie large fire of lost summor, 24,800 feot of serviceablo rubber hose, 7,150 foet of mervicenble loathor hose, 466 antomat~ io signal boxes, 18 alarm bolls, & Concord ing to call Mrs, Trurox as a witness the de. | buEgics, 6 Ught wagons, 1 supply wagon, 2 supply trucks, and 144 horsos, which ovor last World mis. states the condition of tho Department may be inferred from the fact that it makes no al- (Now York) as amply provided against the this fact, it 1aust be remembered that these THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY. MAY 1, 1875.~TWELVE PAGES. the Dapartment is rapidly gaining control of l.purntlvuly non-producers, The great staple the situation, and s provonting conflagra. tions by extinguishtng them in their inecipi- enoy, It ia probnbly useless to submit theso faots to the World, as its orticles are Inspired by Snaren's malice, but their publicily ought to have somo effect upon the insurance com- panics in convincing them that Chicago is working with all her energy to cloro up every possible avenue of danger, and that, much ns sho las nccomplished, she lias not yet fin. ished her worl., CHICAGO WATER-8UPPLY, Tn the report of Mr. Bexnen, the Fira Mar- phal, wo havo a statement of the additions made to the supply of water-pipe Iaid in Chi- eago during the year ending March 31, and we complila the following table, showing tho total presont length of water-pipe lald in this city Tiameter in nech Tl precid] Teinh ’ Seet.! Taid e, JSeet. ously, feet, The disposition of these pipes has been mndo with special reference to fires. Tho G-inch pipes have been laid with reforenca to tho supply of dwellings ; they have been Inid on cross stroets, and connect nt ench corner with the 8-inch pipes, which in turn are con. nected with the 12, 16, 24, and 36-inch pipes. The larger pipes aro connectod with tho fire- plugs, so that the supply of the Iatter cannot bo oxtinnsted. Mueh of the old 6-inch pipo has Leen supplemented by 8-inch pipo laid alongside of it, the 8-inch pipe connecting exclusively with the fire-plugs. In addition to these provisions for fire, there hnve been constructed nineteon incxhaustiblo cisterns, ench capoblo of supplying a number of en- gines. These havo been conatructed in the business portion of tho city and in the southern and southwestern parts of the city, thero being four of them on West Twenty- second street, in the ve?y point of danger from the lumber district, There are now 2,439 fire-plugs in use. The Marshinl recommenda thnt no more pipes of less than 8 inches bo laid for fire purpose, and that these bo laid only in short atrects. Ha points out several distriots which are yet poorly supplied with water ns o menns of extinguishing fire, and suggests the exten. sion of the Iarger mains to these locnlities, We suggest that the exhibit of what Chi. cago has done and is still doing, potwith- standing her crippled condition, in the way of provision of water in caso of firs, will com- pore favorably with like work donoin any other city. It should be remembered that in addition to hor water-supply furnished through pipes, the eity has a river extending north and south n distance of 7 miles, which is available by the Fire Department in all coses when fires are contiguous on either aide of this stream. POVERTY AT THE SOUTH, The Hon. WiLriaxt D, Kexrey, of Pennsyl- vanin, the protootionist and inflationist, ling just returned from Florida, and reporta that in tho Southern States thore is alarge amount of shinplasters in circulation ; that muniel. pal and railrond corporations are iasuing their due bills, that Stato bank notes are used in place of grecnbacks, and that negroes obtain nothing for their cotton but orders on stores. All this ho attributes to the ** want of more greenbacks”(!). o fails to soo that it is the result of awant of capital. Thecorporations whose incomo folls short of their expondi. turos are suffering for the want of money, They can get National Bank notes or greenbacks if they had sny valnablo thing to give for them ; and how Mr, Krerey pro. poses to put money into the hands'of men who have nothing to exchange for it, is not satisfaotorily explained by the pet scheme of which ho cloims to bo the father. That scheme is that any person having Govern. ment bonds mny deposit the samo with the Treasury of the United States, and reccive therefor groonbacks; and anybody having mora greonbacks than ho wants may deposit thom with the Treasury and receive therefor bonda bearing 8,65 per cont interest. This presupposes that the public have bonds for which they cannot get cmmenoy. But that is not tho troubla at the Bouth. They want gold, bonds, groenbacks, bank notes, fractionnl ecurrency, nickels, nnd coppers. The Troasury might bo over- flowing with all theso, and yet it would nat help tho condition of the railroad company that pays its oficers and employes'in passen. ger-tickets, or the municipal corporation that issuce serip to its oreditors for the want of uncollected taxes. The troublo at the South is 0 serious and distressing one, but the evil is mot ono to bo reached by Mr, Kerrr's inflation remedy. To tell these impecanious people and corporations that thoy ean get all tho greenbacks and bank notes thoy want upon depositing nationsl bonds at Washing- ton, is handly loss cruel than to tell the man who has no money or credit, snd is starving for food, that hs can buy plonty of good beef for 16 cents n pound, and cxcellont bread at & conts a pound. What these people at the South wont is money-capital,~not any par- tieular kind of it, but money having purchns- ing power. B ‘The means of living of any people i3 that furnished by the production of thelr labor, If they produce nothing, they Lave nothing ; if they produce only enough to feed thom. welves, they have mothing to sell or to ox. changa for thoss things they do not produce, ‘When the country producea nothing to sell, or boyond its own immediate wants, it hna nothing to transport over railronds or water routes; has nothing giving employmont to places for investment. When a country what is needed to feod and clothe its own mum ; and when the labor ia thus found in perfection, duce a surplus. 1t is thoir misfortune that, despite the abolition of slavery, only & por. tion of the people are producers, 'The en- merchants, so transportation and commerce must languish and become unprofitable, and the capital employed theroin must seck other sinks in industry to tho mere production of people, then labor is roduced to the mini. large oxcess of any demand for it, wages sink to tho mere cost of gustaining life, That fs literally tho condition of a people where tho ‘“*home market” exists exclusively and in - 'The people of the Bouth, however, do pro. forced lsbor-system of the aate-War period has been suporsaded by the voluntary labor. system, but the aggregate labor and produc. tion have not increased. The comparatively fow of the old non.producing class who have Jolned the »amks of the laboring population are porbaps more than off. set in ‘pumber by thoss who, freed from’ saforsed labory, have bescss eom- production of the Bouth remnins, After weeting the demnnds of our home market, tho Bouth in 1874 had cotton to tho value of $212,000,000 to gell. This was o hendsome incomo. It wns that much money with which to buy otlior articles ; tho production of that cotton ought to hnve required the transportn. tion of an oqual amount of exchange commod. ities, andgiven to inerchnnts thesale of both tho surplus cotton and the rotnrn goods, But, owing to our system of legislation, this was not possible. Our tarifl law imposes upon those who produce niore than they con. sume An oppressiva tax. Wlera o man lias $16 worth of the product of his own Iabor be- yond his own wants, and wislies to sell it for other things which ho needs and does not produce, the law confiscates 253 of the pro- coeds in order lo give it to some privileged paupers, who produce no surplus, aud are pensioned upon the country. Theso privileged pensionad paupers are the protected classos, For tho support of this clnas the Government interposed its authority and thus divided the procacds of the surplus cotton of the South in 1874 Dy per ankfor the depveced 25 momona Dedict pratective BOINEY.: +uevierses Value of exchangs cummiodities.... Total value of surplus cotton crop.. Bofore the War, cotton rold at 8% to 9 cents per pound; in 1874, it sold at about 15 cents per pound. But under the protective sys- tem tho advantage and profit of the increase in prico is takon away from the producers, who got bat $125,000,000 in exchango pro- ducta for the $212,000,000 of the cotton they produced. Mr. Keurer failed to ses that this confis. cating process, continued year after year, is cating away the substanco of the peoplo of the South, and is so impoverishing that they hiave now no money, nor anything to give in oxchango for it. A GIANT EVIL AND IT8 REMEDY, The atrongest trades-unions in the country avo woging war in Pennsylvania, On the ono sideis the Miners' National Union, ig- norant, selfish, and defiant, drawing supplies from the wholo country, even from unions formedin totally differont trades. Onthoother ig the union, complote in everything but a formal organization, of the mina-owners of Pennsylvanin, more intolligent tham the other, but equally selfish and equally defiant, and backed by capital ownod in many States and in England. At the beginning of this year the stock of conl on hand was very large. The dimin. ished demnnd, duo to the stoppage of many manufactories, the extinction of many fur. naces, and the genoral indnstrial stagnation, had caused the sccumulation. Prices were falling. The operators from nearly the ‘whols Pennsylvanin coal.region met and fixed upon a rate of wages 20 per cent below the standard in 1874, Thoy knew that the ro- duction would certalnly cause a strike, for the wages of '74 had been recsived with great grumbling. It is this knowledge which makes the actlon of the operators as inex. cusnble ng that of the men, Baveral courses wero open to the former. They might have presented a fair statomont of the condition of trade to the men, and have invited the Iat- ter to unite with them in organizing a court of nrbitration or conciliation, which should settle the quostion of woges. They might have formed industrial partnerships on the plan which has proved successful in England among a population almost as savago as that which now riots in Pennsylvania. They might have offered tho men work nt half- time for half-wages, or reduced time for re. duced wages, and have explsined why this was necessary. Instead of adopting any of these resonablo mothods, they said to tho men, abruptly and curtly : ** Work at 80 por cent of your pressnt wages, or you'll get no work to do.” The miners, under these circumstances, might have proposed any one of several plans of compromise. They showed not the slight- est nnxiety to arrive at o fair settlement, They struck, in a fronzy of iguorant rage, Worse than this, they forced thousands of their comrades who wished to work at tho re- duced wages to throw aside the pick and sit down in idloness and misery. Thon the war began, It has now been raging for soveral months, It is said that the strikers number 40,000 workmen. They probably roprosent s population of nearly 900,000. The stockholders in the corpora- tions which form the owners' union aro porhaps 5,000 strong, and thoy may ropre. sont 20,000 paople, It is one man against ton, but the one hns accumnlated wealth, nnd the ten dopend for bare subsistonce upon their own seanty savings and the precorious charity of othor Inborers. The savings were long ago exhauated, and the charity has be- como fiiful and faint. The merchants of the mining-region, afrald to refuse credit, have had their shelves swopt bare, and can find no wholesaler willing to replenish their atocks, As tho sources of supply fail, the mon grow more desperate. Tho scattoring cnses of robbery and murder grow moro frequent. Oiicers of the law are malmed and killed whilo attempting to dischargs their duties. Military occupation is tho only safety for the country, Yet, even in the dlstricts whore the soldiers are encamped, outrages upon property are constant and grave, Buildings are burned ; machinery is destroyed ; worst of all, mines aro ot afire, or are at any mate pormitted to burn when thoy onco begin. The largest mine in Lohigh is now burning, No man dares ‘o try to extinguish it. Millions of tons of precious coal, Nature's gift to man, ave crunbling into useless ashes, If this one fire is fhally put out, thero will be a lake of wator 1) miles long by 5 miles wide and 10 fcet deyp, every drop of which must be pumpedont before a pick can be used on the senms of “black diamonds,” A number of other mines are full of water. Our special correspmdent, who has exceptionally good sources3f information, says that the damage alrendy lone to property would have paid tho men theold wages for ten yoars longer, The tnith of the matter is that masters and men are fAighting for dominion. Itizmot g question )f money so much as one of power, Ench sidewishes to be despotic. And thero. by each sde shows its consummate asininity, I exporimce has over tauglitanything, it has shown tlat compromise in industrial matters is the oy possible moans of maintaining stablo rlations between capital and labor, Each mut yield to the other. Aslong as each tria to complotely subjugate the other, &0 long vill such disgraceful warfaro as that now penling in Pennsylvacia continue. It hos disgeced the Btats, checked industry everywhire, beggared thousands of {nnocent people, nd blotted out of existonce millions of capits, to the groat and lasting harm of this comtry, but still the two uniong—this of the pasters and that of the men—fght sullonly jud doggedly on. Evidetly 80 remedy san be found for Sis siad of things save ome whish sball make the intorests of capital and labor iden. tical,—~which shall make every ton of coal the joint property, o8 it is tho joint product, of the two, This is not the chimern it secna tobe, Ithns been renlized on English soil, Tho industrial partnorship of the Dnisas Brothers, of Yorkshire, with the miners they employ has been a grand success, despite transient*troubles, Its plan is, in briof, this: A standard dividend on capital is fixed; this is paid on the whole atock, inoluding the tonth of tho shares owned by the nien, and it a first lion on the profits; tuy surplus is divided into halves, ona of which is an extra dividend on eapital and one n dividend on labor, allotted lo every mnn, whetler or not he s a sharoholler, in pro. portion to the wnges he has enrned during the year, This iden - hns boen tested by practice among miners almost, if not quite, as rude, aud rough, and riotous, as the *‘Molly Maguires” or * Buckshols” of Tonnsylvanin. 1It, or something like it, is the one practionble method of bringing togother gront mnsses of eapital and groator masses of men without precipitating the two forcos into a destructive and a shameful conflict, like that which disgracos Pennsylvania to-day. THE COLOR-LINE IN LOUISIANA, Tue Cnioaco TrinuNe was the first news- paper to urgo the dominant need of breaking down tha color-line which now runs through Bouthern politics, soparating whites and blacks and making an ignoble prejudice of race the guido of political action, Our nrguments have met with a prompt and hoarty response from many of the Southern a3 woll ns from many of the Northern press, In fact, Tug Trinune's position only needs to bo properly understood to be approved. Un. til 1861, tho Southern whites wers divided into Whigs and Democrats, The former favored tho Union, The latter, excopt tha Dovaras wing, opposed it. In the heat of the conflict of 1860, despito all the influences ‘brought to bear in favor of sccession, the anti-Demoeratic majority in the aggregate Southern vote was 135,000, This shows that tho divigion into two great partics maintained iteclt oven at that trying time. This di- vision, moreover, is nataral and practically inovitable, All free political communities soparate into progressive and stationary, lib- eral and conservative, wings. Tho reasons for this lic deep in human nature. Soma strong pnssion, like that excited by war, rnce-projudice, or religion, may temporarily unito mon of the two cnsts of character, but tho fusion is an unnatural one, and can- not endure long. As fast as the prejudice of raco dics away at the Bouth, that is, as soon ns the negroes feol sure of fair treatmont and civil rights, and nre not kept together by the force of fear, human nature will assert itself, and the Southern whites, as well o8 blacks, will separate into the two partics, Progressive aod Conservative, into which they belong. The lottera written from Now Orleans by Mr. Cmanves Nououore to the New York Herald show that the color.line is fading out of Louisiann politics, and that its disappear- ance is producing precigely the result which 'wo have predicted, The census of 1870 .showed & popula. tion in Louislann of 87,076 white and 86,018 black mnales over 21 years of age. As the census wns taken in the spummer, when a large number of whitos aro alwnys absent, and wos inefficiently taken on tho pine hills which He back of the bottom lands, it hes always been claimed that the white vote wns much undorrated. On the other hand, the number of unnaturalized forcigners in the Stato, especially at New Orleans; the large black immigration into tho Stnte since 1870; and the fact that every black voter votes while many whites stay away from the polls,—these causos porhaps main. tain o substantial equality in the number of votes actually cast by the two races. Under such circumstanees, when each race formsa separato party, the tomptations to swell & doubtfal majority by fraud have been veory great, and tho opportunities for doing o have unfortunately been equally grent on both sides, Fow personsapprociate how completely race-prejudice has done its bLad work in Loulsiana. Marshal Pacxanp ‘told Mr. Nonp- norr that he thought about 5,000 whites voted the Republican ticket in 1874, and about an equal number of blacks voted the other way. AndMr, Noronorradds: *Itis, I think, a fair statement that, with the excep- tion of the offico-holders, State and Federal, nnd their relations, there wore no white Re- publicana in the State in 1874, or, at the fur- thest, but an inappreciable number.” This may be an exaggeration, but the fact underlying it ia bad enough. A burenucracy broked by a mass of ignorant colored votors naturally drove the white race of Louisiana into s *white man’s party.” That party now has a majority of the House, and ita first nct there showed the existence within it of the two old factions, now held together only by tho pressure of the color-lino ontside. When the MHouso was organized under tho Waerren compromise, the ** white party” had 58 out of 108 members, It presonted two candidates for Speakor, The Demo- cratio candidato wes Wurz. Thoe non. Democratio candidato wag Fsrruzrre. The latter was olected with tho ail of the Repub- licans, - Witz recoived only 87 votos. One of his sirongest opponentas wns that very “LeoNarp, who, s editor of the Bhrevoport %mes, wrote tho extremo editoriala in bebalf of the White League which were so univer- sally and desorvedly condemned last fall, Tho fact that & man who, out of power, is such an extromist shonld oppose the extrem. ists, as soon as ho gets power, showa how in- evitable the division of the white vote is. 'The dominant partyin Iouisiana now is not called Democratic. It is * Consorva. tivo.,” The former tille was dropped, says Mr, Nonpmory, * becausa therears in Louisl- ans a large number of good cltizens who nre 80 strongly opposed to the Demo- oratio party that they will not actively, if at all, work with men bearing that nomo,” Ono of these mon recently said to Mr, Nonpmorr that secession was * blan. doring Democratic statesmanship.” If WiLtz hod beon elected Bpeaker, it would have beon o sign that tho Democrats had coptured the * white party,” and wonld hero- after control it, for some time & lenst. The election of Estrierrs shows that the Demo- eratio attempt to capture tho party failed, and that it is on the very verge of disruption. #There i3 not a shadow of doubt, writes this trustworthy correspondent, * that when- ever Federal interforonco in the Btate dofi- nitely censes, and honest men have been put into power, the ‘Conservativo' party—the white man's party—will incontinently split into two nearly equal halves, and each will try, with the help of.the negroes, to best the other.” The continued existencs of the color-line depends largely upon the whites. Their selecting Esrizzrra was o aign that they were ready 0 sbandon rese-prejudics. Lt theni, thas, show Shalk hlsaisily by giviag the negroes a fair share of offices, by sup- pressing all violance at the polls, by puiting down Ku.Kluzism, by facilitating tho acqni- sltion of lands by tho blacks, by making duo provision for their education, by ncting, in a word, as if the color of a man's heart, not of his face, made him their political friend or foe. Buch a policy, pursued by the whites of Arkansas, has mndo the color-line very faint in that State, and as this odious distinction lins disnppearad, the white voters have grad- ually arrayed themsclves into two parties, each of which gets part of the bleck vote, P bt aty ing June 80, 1876," eto,, ete. Thus, merrly four months before the flacnl yenr closed, we find the Departments ‘clamoring for mox monoy to make up tho deficits alroady in. curred. Morcover, this nct applies to the deficiencios, not only of the current yoar, but of **prior years,” so that it scoms thn| ovon the snnual bill does not cover tha whole deficioncy. Othor bills have to be brought in, nnd, for nught wo know, rome of the Dopartments mny now be' just balancing ac. counts ten years old. This nct of 1875 gives the Treasnry Do partment $200,0005 the War Depariment. over $1,000,000; the Navy, $181,000; the Yort-Office, $i362,000; and the State Deprt. ment only $17,004. Mr, Wrtaras's machine, which has lately begun to cnll itself the De. partment of Justice, and the cost of whick liaa incrensed under him in inverse propor. tion to his cMciency, displays a deficloncy- grab of $40,028, The Interior Depart. mont gweeps Aaway some humlredy of thonsands of dollars, of which the Indinn Dureau gols $223,000. The annunl defleit in this Bureau is probably in. evitable, na long as *“Son Jonx" nand his papn are mized up in its affnirs, The bot. tomloss abyss of the District of Columbia has a deflciency-nppropriation of 175,000 dropped into it. Tho Senato scoops $48,833, aud the House grabs $02,680, of which 8,771 was spont in absurdly-high counsel, fees in the snit brought by the contumacions witness STewaART ngainst the Speaker, MonTrsquIEy lays down the doctrino that snation should always allow, as an jrdivid. ual daos, for contingoncies in deciding on its nocessary income and onigo. The advice ix @ood, but nobody seems to have ever rand or honrd it in the Iatitndo of Washington. Tha clause of our Constitution which declares that «* no monay shall bo dmwn from the Trens. ury but in consequence of appropriation: made by law" has often boen quoted nsn safeguard of the bost possible sort, Tha sunual deficiency bill nullifies that clause. MR, BEECHER'S DEFENSE, T4 the Fditor of The Chienso Tribuns ¢ McGnraot, Is,, April 20.—The editorials fn yonr paper of Thutalay and Friday lart o * Brcuses Crosm-Examination” aud Brecnen's Dofenss,” give tenca of fugentnly than of aconracy, It ] Mr, Dzecnrn's consciousness that Mrs, TiLToN's affectionn wers wanilering towards him, and his neglect to reprees thia tendency, sccounta for the polgnancy of his grie? and the saverily of liaself- eantigation, This would have bieen a0 axcellent explas nation of his sloppy contrition and remorse, It Is the only plausitle oune, fut ot Aax not been adopted by either JMr. Bercuen or Afse counsel, 1f Mr. Drrcien hod avalled bimseif of your ingenvity at an earier doy, * it might have been better for him," Tfo ndmits no auch consctotiamers, but expresaly and re- peatedly denfes’!t, Can you poiut fo nny passage in his testimony wherein ho asserts thin kuoweledge, or s suspicinn of Mra. TiLtoxn'a loreforiim? We ro- member not & ayliable, 'The casa of Mr, Dexonen Just neods this contclous- ness, meods 16 badly; but It 18 too late now to put iy 0. Now, elimiate from thess editorfals Mr, Dercirn's * consclousnoss,” and thera I no yith in them, Wilh this * canactotianess fu them, they are powerful ar miments In favor of 3ir, Derongn's innocence, Tako this out—nnd it must, {n the interest of truth, coms out—and thelr whola force and siguificance are gone, Take it out, Mr. Editor, or show whiers Mr. Desonzn undor oath has axserted thin * consclousnenn.” Resven, Reeny: The same evidence froquently makes a different impression on different per- sons. Mr, Beeonen's testimony in regard to the transfer of Mra, Tivtoy's sffections to him is considerably obsoured by the mnsa of his testimony (running over three weeks' tlme) with which it is surrounded. It was advanced hesitatingly and reluctantly by him, —first in his statoment before the Com- mittee, and then in his testimony on the trinl, It would have beon highly incon. sistont with his entire conduct in the scandal to ave brought it into prominence volun. tarily and put it in bold relief; it wonld have excited suspicion in some quartors, and dis. gust in others, His own lawyers conld not insist upon bis reiterating it. The other sido had mnothing to guin by giving him the opportunity to impress it upon the jury, beeause it was tho most plausible explanation of his damaging lettors. It is not surprising, therefore, that our cor~ respondent has failed to catch tho full bear- ing of it on his case. It was on that account that it was pointed out with special distinet- ness in tho articles we wroto on his cross- examination; it was for that purpose, in fact, that thoso articles were written. Our correspondent is in error, however, when he says ‘that Mr, Beeouen has not in any instanco made confossion of this con. sciousness of Mrs, TruTon's affection for him, Thero is s confusion of dates. Iis testi- mony has uniformly been that, up to a cor- tain time, he had no thought of this, but after that time becamo awaro of it. 3Ir. Beeouen testified that, after ho was told of Mrs, TirtoN's written chargoe against him, ha came to the conclusion that, in his own words, “Mrs. Truron bhad gradually come into o state of affoction toward me, the concenlment of which, then the outbrenak. ing of which, aund tho anxiety that came from dumestio discord in consequenca of which, togother with the indignation of her husband, Liad shattersd hor both in body and mind to a dogree in which sho was searcely responsi- ble.” This was early in Fobruary, 1871, Tho impression lasted Mr. Bercnen over a yonr; for, in his testimony furthor on, regnrding o letter of his writton in the latter part of Jan. nary, 1872, he said: “Up to this time I thought that Mrs. Trrrox had transferred her affections to me,” It was during the time he was under this impression that ho wrote the latters which have been brought up against him, so that the theory we advanced holds good. It was during this time, too, that he says ho was actuated by tha feeling that Bre, Trwron loved him “‘in an over- measure " to solicit Mrs. AMourTon's good of- fices towards Mra, TrLro, to show the latter guch attentiong and bring hor such consola- tion as only o symputhizing woman-friend conld offor, . As we have snid, different persons will weigh the evidence differently ; but whether qr not it shall make the full impression which wa pointed out in tho articles to which aur correspondent refers, it eannot be donied that Mr. Bezonen has tostified to this conaclous. nesa of having gained Mra, Truron's affeo- tions, and of not having exerted himsolf to repress them ; and this must alwaya be the ‘bulwark of his defense. watory view of the power of Courts to enjoin municipal corporations. It quotes a blind paragraph from a docision of the Bupremo Court, and then proceeds to prove therefrom that Courts have no power to enjoin municipcl corporations. It eays: Tho langusge of onr own Btale Supreme Court I tha caso cited In the Snler-Ocean of Wodnesdy fast iy as follows : * Tiie Court 8 well an the Inferur ofticcr mut bo governod by the law, When the law lmposcs & positive duty upon & publle functionary, and » Court commnnds him not to perform it, ho et obey tha law and disobey the writ” Tuc wtatuts under which the Common Council proposad to act it mandatory : “ The City Council or Doard of Trustecr, aa tho cano may be, shall oxamine and canvass tho same and declare the result of the election, and cause » statement thereot 1o be ontered upon its journals," Tho * law imposces o positive duty " upon the County Treasurer to sell the real cstatn on which taxes are not paid ; nevertholess it is no uncommon thing for the Courts te re. strain him from so doing, The decision of the Supromo Court was unquestionably right, bat it has no applieation to tho present case. The Legislature of Mlinois enacted that when. over the Tllinois Central Railroad Cempany should perform certain gots, the Mayor and Commeon Council of Chicago should by law cede to that Company all the right of the city in and to the Lake.Front. But the Courts had no trouble in finding legal suthority to prohibit the Common Counci doing what the law required it to do. The iden that 8 Common Counoil cannnot bo en. joined in any caso is absurd, and is negatived by hundreds of precedents, Whetlor this it o case falling within the clasa whero il Council may be eujoined is the questior which tho Court has to decide The deeisior of that point is mot with the Council, noy with the newspapers, but with the Court Tho prosent injunction is merely a temporary one, granted upon the complaint of citizons: it does not involve any decision of tho ques tion of tho aunthority of the Court to enjoir the corporation in s=ch a case, a3 that ques tion has yot to ba hoard and determined by th Court, . The Democracy have done many &) things and are capablo of doing many mora, but the silliest achievement ia that of the Morchants' National Bank of Burlington, In., which, as the dispatches alloge, has been ap- poaling to the business community for pat- ronago npon the ground that it ia a ** Domo. cratio bank.” The result of this appeal is, that authority has come from Washington to the Postmastor of Burlington to withdraw his deposits from the ¢ Democratio baok.” It sorves the Demecratic bank just right, and it would be on act of retribution and poet- jeal justice if overy Republican dapositor tronsforred his account forthwith to spmo non-political bank and allowed the Democrats to support it alone. We can ses mo rea- son why Republicans ehonld contribute of their substance to o partisan bank for tho support of Democratio rings and the aid and comfort of Demooratio politicians and depos. itors, Delng Democratio, it ought to run upon a Democratic basis exclusively, Lonst of all shonld a Republican Administration support a Democratic bank. The fashion Liaving been set in Tows, howaver, of a Dem- ocratio bank, we may now expect to hear of Democratioinsurance offices, Boards of Trado, nanufactories, libraries, and Bunday-schools in that Stato, The one wonld be no more ridioulous than the other, If the Morchants' National Bank of Burlington is a Democrntia bank, then lot the Democrats be compelled to hold it up. FIVE MILLIONS' WORTH OF DEFICIENCIES A man who lus gpent sevoral years ina ‘Washington Dopartment, as nearly all of the Assistant Nocretaries and Chief Olerks have, ought to ba able to caleulnie how much the running expenses of the Departmant for the next twelvemonth will be. Novertheloas, this capncity seomns to have become ono of the lost arts. Figures lle at Washington on o seale which defios compotition, The head of o Dopartment announces that the machin. ery ho runs nceds to be oiled with so many groenbacks during thenext year. The necos- sory supply i3 votod. Then the head afore. said spends it all with commendnble alacrity, thinks of a few other modes of exponso, utilizes them, and hands in a little item for the annual ¢ doficiency billL." The bare fact that such a bill is an annual neces- sity is a disgrace, and usunlly & swindlo, There may be rare occasions when imporative necessity forces a Dopartment into expendi- tures which it was impossiblo to foresce, bat that such occasions should sternally recur is ghameful, If an Indian war break out along the frontier, it may assumo proportions far bo- yond the snnual spring butchory of mon, women, and children by savages, and then the War Dopartment may logitimately inour expenses beyond the appropriation, But, save in these exceptional caaes, therois mcarcely any exouse for s Department exceed- ing its appropriation, ‘'I'he sum granted each year is practically fixed by the Depurt. ment itself, Congress rarely makes auy con- siderable changes, snd whon it doss thoy usually incrense, rather than diminish, the grant, Nevertheless, every year every De. partment presents itsel? and cleerfully an- nounces that it has violated the laws and the Congtitution by drswing monoy from the Treasury not in oonsequence of appropria- tions made by law, and that it would like to have Congress even up the two sides of tho account by insorting an extra item in the yegular (yet highly irregular) deficienoy bill Let us take the act approved March 8, m an oxample, Ttis onuul’mi "A:\ndut sppropriations to supplp deficiencies Ls o approphiaiions Tor the flaeal ydar ead- If we may judge by ¢! rocont Woman-Suffrage meeting in New York, called to consider th enteonisl, the melo populstion of America has just one yesr and sixty-five dsya to live, ‘The bloodthiraty iden gf extorminating us was not at firal entertained, but the gathered women becamo frantlo and furlous as they dwalt on their wronga, It lanot easy to dlscover, from the reports of the meot- ing, wbai thess wrongs are, but it seems tlhat one of thom conslsts in the deliberate intentlon of a monster man to exhibit somo laces at Phily- delphia **for the lsdles,” Ara, Braxs, wi.o wore a rich allk heavily trimmed with Iace, could not contmn her wrath at tho jdes, Gbe shricked forth indignation, When she st down, a dreadful Mrs. Wrersnoox rosc, and this {s whot the fomalo demons ssld: # Omaan had bia Beutos; Cuastes I, his Crou- weLL; by the floal, fearful fate of oppressors everywhers, Jot ours take warningl" Poor WEsrpRoox. We sce himlying stark and stiff on the Centennial moruing, As the Foursh of July, 1876, broaks upon the world, will the auf- fragiats carry out this fearful threat ? Will we, the yrant 0T, meet the *final, foarful fate of oppressors everywhere 7 We wish to person- ally assare Mrs. WesraEoox that we conalder her to be not only tho handsomest, but the best dreased, woman inthe world. If she happens to poruse this paragraph, Tma Tamos atad will b spared from the general slaughter, butthe rest of mankind will find it, we fear, & sanguln: ary Centennisl, A wult sgaiost the Oity of Chicago was tried In ths Superior Court a few days ago whish opeud s question of ecusdersnls Whil ressookis Y